SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC 2009/2010 SEMESTER TWO EXAMINATION Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Aeronautical Engineering

2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Bioengineering 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Mechatronics 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Resort Facilities Services and Management 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 3rd Year Evenings-Only MECHANICS II ---------------------------------------------------------------Instructions to Candidates: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

MM2105 / MM8311

Time Allowed: 2 Hours

The examination rules set out at the back page of the answer booklet are to be complied with. This paper consists of 5 questions. Answer any FOUR questions. Marks for questions are shown and candidates should allocate their time in proportion to the marks. A List of Formulae is provided on page 6. Take g = 9.81 m/s. The Reference Table for Simple Loadings is provided on page 7. This examination paper consists of 7 pages. ----------

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MM2105 / MM8311 ANSWER ANY FOUR QUESTIONS Q1. A rocker see-saw is balanced horizontally by two children. The mass of each child is 40 kg and the plank has a cross-section of an inverted channel (see Fig Q1.). The plank is made of aluminium and the mass is to be neglected. Given that E for aluminium is 70 GN/m2. (a) Show that the position of the centroid of the cross section from datum A-A is 71.32 mm. (3 marks) -6 4 (b) Show the second moment of area about the neutral axis is 3.6 x 10 m . (7 marks) (c) Calculate the radius of curvature of the plank due to the bending. (7 marks) (d) Calculate the magnitude and nature of the maximum stress thus induced and hence sketch the stress distribution diagram. (8 marks)

200 mm 100 mm

A Cross-section of the plank Flange and Web thickness 10 mm

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Fig Q1. MM2105 / MM8311 Q2. (a) A solid shaft used in a motor engine is of 50 mm diameter. The maximum allowable shear stress is 84 MN/ m2. (i) Determine the polar second moment of area of the shaft and hence the maximum torque that can be transmitted. (5 marks) (ii) If the solid shaft is replaced by a hollow shaft of the same outer diameter and 25 mm inner diameter, determine the maximum torque that can be transmitted. (5 marks) (iii) Determine the percentage reduction in torque between (i) and (ii). (3 marks) Q2.(b) A single seated coaster of mass 190 kg moves along the track as shown in Fig Q2b. The radii of the upper semi-circular track and the lower circular track are 3 m and 5 m respectively. Using free body diagrams, calculate the (i) (ii) (iii) maximum coaster speed (in km/h) at the highest point of the upper semi- circular track just before it travels down the slope without leaving the track. (4 marks) maximum normal reaction acting on the coaster at the lower circular track if the speed of the coaster is 30 km/h. (4 marks) minimum normal reaction acting on the coaster at the lower circular track if the speed of the coaster remains the same as (ii). (4 marks)

r =3 m

R=5 m

Fig Q2b. 2009/2010/S2 Page 3

MM2105 / MM8311 Q3. A hoist drum 1.0 m in diameter with a mass of 280 kg and a radius of gyration of 0.35 m about its axis of rotation raises a lift cage of mass 500 kg (see Fig Q3). The lift cage moves up from rest through a height of 27 m in 6 s in the acceleration stage, thereafter the speed remains constant for 10 s until the cage nears the top when the final retardation is 5 m/s2. Given that the frictional torque at the drum bearings is 250 Nm . (a) Sketch the free body diagram of the hoist drum and the lift cage. (4 marks) 2 (b) Show that the initial linear acceleration is 1.5 m/s . (2 marks) (c) Calculate the tension and applied torque during the acceleration stage. (8 marks) (d) calculate the applied torque required in order to maintain the load at the constant speed. (5 marks) (e) Find the total distance travelled. (6 marks)

Bearings

Hoist drum

cable motion

500 kg

Lift cage

Fig Q3.

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MM2105 / MM8311 Q4. A 4-wheel vehicle has a total mass of 2000 kg. It is accelerated with a tractive effort of 3.5 kN and a tractive resistant of 320 N from rest to a distance of 600 m on an inclined plane of 1 in 10. It has two axles, each with its two wheels has a mass of 120 kg and radius of gyration of 400 mm about its axis of rotation. The diameter of each wheel is 900 mm. (a) Sketch a diagram to show the movement of the vehicle on the inclined plane. (4 marks) Calculate : (b) the moment of inertia of two wheels and its axle about its rotation axis. (2 marks) (c) the potential energy of the vehicle at the end of 600 m. (3 marks) (d) the velocity of vehicle at the end of 600 m. (8 marks) (e) the farthest distance it could move up the incline after the tractive effort is removed. (8 marks) Q5. (5 marks) A crab winch consists of a compound gear train and two pulleys as shown in Fig Q5. The velocity ratio is 9, the diameters of effort and load pulleys are 300 mm and d respectively. N1 = 35 teeth 1 2 3 4 N2 = 80 teeth N3 = 40 teeth N4 = 105 teeth W Fig Q5. (a) Calculate the diameter of the load pulley, d. (3 marks)

(b) When using this machine, an effort of 100 N is required to raise a load of 455.1 N and an effort of 200 N is required to raise a load of 1631.5 N. Show that the law of the machine is E = 0.0850W + 61.32 N 2009/2010/S2 (6 marks) Page 5

(c) Determine the actual effort, ideal effort, friction effort, mechanical advantage and efficiency in lifting a load of 1000 N. (10 marks) (d) What is the power required by the crab winch in order for the load pulley to raise a load of 1000 N at 60 rpm? (6 marks) ********** MM2105 / MM8311 LIST OF FORMULAE Kinematics v = u + at s = ut + at2 s = (u + v)t v2 = u2 + 2as

Second Moment of Area I = bd3 12 Torsion Equation T = G = J L r Simple Lifting Machines E = Ei + Ef ; Ei = W VR VR = D d (Wheel and Axle) I = (d14 d24 ) 64 J = (d14 d24 ) 32 Bending Equation M=E= I R y Centripetal Force C.F = mr2 or mv2 r

VR = 2D ( Differential Wheel and Axle) d1 - d2 VR = DN dn (Worm and Wheel Lifting Hoist)

VR = 2 R (Screw Jack) np N 2 N4 D VR = -------- x --- (Crab Winch) 2009/2010/S2 Page 6

N 1 N3

Principle of Conservation of Energy PE0 + KE0 + WD = PE1 + KE1 MM2105 / MM8311

Reference Table for Simple Loadings

Simply supported beam with central point load

Simply supported beam with uniformly distributed load (UDL)

Cantilever beam with point load

Cantilever beam with uniformly distributed load (UDL)

W w (N/m ) w (N/m ) L L

F B D

+W/2

+ wL/2

S F D

0
W/2

0
wL/2

0
W

0
WL

B M D

WL/4

+wL2/8

0 0 0 0

0
WL

wL2/2

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Note: W denotes a concentrated (point) load and may be defined in Newton or kilo-Newton. w denotes a UDL and may be defined in Newton per metre or kilo-Newton per metre.

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