SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC 2006/2007 SEMESTER TWO EXAMINATION Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Aeronautical Engineering

2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Mechatronics 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 3rd Year Evenings-Only MECHANICS II ---------------------------------------------------------------Instructions to Candidates: 1. 2.

MM2105 / MM8311

Time Allowed: 2 Hours

The examination rules set out at the back page of the answer booklet are to be complied with. This paper consists of two sections: Section I Section II (4 questions @ 14 marks each) (3 questions @ 22 marks each) [56 marks] [44 marks]

3. 4. 5. 6.

Answer ALL questions in Section I and ANY TWO questions from Section II. Marks for questions are shown and candidates should allocate their time in proportion to the marks. A List of Formulae is provided on page 7. Take g = 9.81 m/s. This examination paper consists of 7 pages. ----------

2006/2007S2

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-2Section I [56 marks] ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS Q1

MM2105 / MM8311

A simply supported beam of 5 m long has a cross section as shown in Fig Q1a. It carries a concentrated load of 8 kN at mid-span as shown in Fig Q1b. (a) Show that the maximum bending moment is 10 kN m. (2 marks) Calculate (b) (c) the maximum bending stress and state whether it is tensile, compressive or both. (8 marks) the maximum concentrated load at mid-span that the beam can carry if the maximum bending stress is 120 MN/m2. (4 marks)

hollow Fig Q1a Fig Q1b

Q2.

A solid shaft with a diameter of 30 mm and length 1.2 m transmits 60 kW of power from an electric motor to a compressor. The modulus of rigidity for the shaft is assumed as G = 80 GN/m2. (a) Determine the torque transmitted for an: (i) allowable shear stress of 54 MN/m2 (ii) allowable angle of twist of 2 (5 marks) (5 marks)

(b) Determine the minimum allowable speed of rotation (rev/min) to meet both conditions stated in part (a). (4 marks)

2006/2007S2

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-3-

MM2105 / MM8311

Q3.

A solid cylindrical winch drum of 1.4 m in diameter is used to lower a 15 kg lift cage vertically down. The winch drum experiences a friction torque of 20 Nm and has a mass of 25 kg and a radius of gyration of 0.5 m about its axis of rotation. The cage is lowered under the action of a braking torque with an acceleration of 1.2 m/s2 until a uniform velocity of 10 m/s is reached. (a) Sketch the free body diagram of the winch drum and the lift cage. ( 4 marks) (b) Calculate the tension and braking torque during the acceleration stage ( 6 marks) (c) What is the braking torque required in order to maintain the load at the uniform speed of 10 m/s? ( 4 marks)

Q4.

An electric trolley of mass 20 kg is required to move round the inside of a vertical circular track at 38 km/h. The track has a radius of 7 m. Using free body diagrams, calculate (a) the maximum normal reaction acting on the trolley. (b) the minimum normal reaction acting on the trolley. (c) the least trolley speed ( in km/h) in order not to fall off at the highest point on the track. (6 marks) (5 marks) (3 marks)

2006/2007S2

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-4Section II [44 marks] ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS

MM2105 / MM8311

Q5.

(5 marks) A crab winch consists of a compound gear train and two pulleys as shown in Fig Q5. An effort of 300 N can lift a load of 1900 N. a (a) Show that the velocity ratio is 6.933, and hence find mechanical advantage and efficiency. (7 marks) Determine the friction effort Calculate the power required to lift the load at a velocity of 0.05 m/s. Name two ways in which the velocity ratio could be increased. (6 marks) (4 marks) (5 marks)

a (b) (c) (d)

Effort pulley, diameter D 2. 1 3. 4.

Load pulley, diameter d

. d = 250 mm (Load pulley) D = 400 mm (Effort pulley)

N1 = 30 teeth N2 = 70 teeth N3 = 35 teeth N4 = 65 teeth

Fig Q5.

2006/2007S2 -5-

see page 5 MM2105 / MM8311

Q6.

Fig Q6 shows a light beam ABCDE carrying loads as shown and simply supported at B and D. (a) (b) (c) Draw the free body diagram of the beam and show that the reactions at supports B and D are 80kN and 70 kNrespectively. (6 marks) Draw the shear force diagram and find the position of zero shear force from A. (6 marks) Calculate the bending moments at the salient points and hence draw the bending moment diagram. Determine the magnitude and position of the maximum bending moment. (7 marks) Determine the position of the point(s) of contraflexure from A. Indicate the point(s) on the bending moment diagram. (3 marks)

(d)

Indicate principal numerical values on your shear force and bending moment diagrams. Use the graph paper provided in the answer booklet for this question. Use the following scales: Free Body Diagram Shear Force Diagram Bending Moment Diagram
10 mm : 1 m 10 mm : 20 kN 10 mm : 20 kNm

30 kN 20 kN / m
A 2m B 4m Fig Q6 C 2m D 2m

40 kN
E

2006/2007S2 -6Q7.

see page 6 MM2105 / MM8311

A 1800 kg vehicle has 4 wheels, each with a wheel diameter of 800 mm. Each set of two wheels & one axle has a mass of 200 kg and a radius of gyration of 350 mm. The vehicle moves up a slope of 1 in 10 from rest for 400 m with a tractive effort of 3.5 kN. The average tractive resistance is 300 N. a) b) c) d) Determine the total moment of inertia of the wheel and axle. (4 marks)

Show that the velocity reached at the end of the 400m is 84 km/h, using the principle of energy conservation. (9 marks) Determine the maximum power required. (3 marks)

Determine how far the vehicle will pass beyond the 400 m mark without tractive effort. (6 marks)

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2006/2007S2 -7LIST OF FORMULAE Kinematics v = u + at s = ut + at2 s = (u + v)t v2 = u2 + 2as

see page 7 MM2105 / MM8311

Second Moment of Area I = bd3 12 Torsion Equation T = G = J L r Simple Lifting Machines E = Ei + Ef ; Ei = W VR VR = D d (Wheel and Axle) I = (d14 d24 ) 64 J = (d14 d24 ) 32 Bending Equation M=E= I R y Centripetal Force C.F = mr2 or mv2 r

VR = 2D ( Differential Wheel and Axle) d1 - d2 VR = DN dn (Worm and Wheel Lifting Hoist)

VR = 2 R (Screw Jack) np N 2 N4 D VR = -------- x --- (Crab Winch) N 1 N3 d Principle of Conservation of Energy PE0 + KE0 + WD = PE1 + KE1

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