INTEGRATED CIRCUIT APPLICATIONS (ICA)

Presented by Nagaraja Kumar Pateti

CONTENTS
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS OP AMP OP-AMP APPLICATIONS ACTIVE FILTERS DATA CONVERTERS
o ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTERS o DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTERS

DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LOGIC FAMILIES COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS ICs SEQUENTIAL CIRCUIT ICs

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC)

IC is a miniature, low cost, hi speed electronic device consisting of both active and passive elements joined irreparably on a single crystal of silicon
Size

Cost Power Reliability Speed Accuracy Weight

IC CLASSIFICATION
BASED ON OPERATION Digital IC Analog IC BASED ON FABRICATION Monolithic IC Hybrid IC
BASED ON COMPLEXITY SSI MSI LSI VLSI ULSI GSI

Operational Amplifier (OP-AMP)

Positive Power supply Non- Inverting terminal Inverting terminal

Negative Power supply

An operational amplifier (op-amp) is a DC-coupled highgain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input

LM 741 Pin Configuration

Ideal OP-AMP Characteristics

Open Loop Gain AOL

Input resistance
Output resistance Bandwidth

DC offset

Modes Of Operation
Inverting Mode

Non - Inverting Mode

Differential Mode

Differential Gain ()

The Gain with which the Differential amplifier amplifies the difference between the two input signals is called as the differential gain
V =V1 - V2

Common Mode Gain ()_

Ideal Case
If V1=V2 then the difference in input voltages is V1-V2 =0
+ = =

Practical Case

The output voltage not only depends on the difference voltage but is proportional to the common mode signal voltage Vc

Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) CMRR is the ability of a differential amplifier to reject a common mode signal . It is defined as the ratio of the differential voltage gain Ad to the common mode voltage gain Ac.
=

Practical Op- Amp Characteristics

DC Characteristics

Input Bias Current Input Offset Current Input Offset Voltage Total Output Offset Voltage Thermal drift

AC Characteristics

SLEW RATE Frequency Response

Input Bias Curent()

It is defined as the average of the currents entering into the inverting and non inverting terminals of an OP-AMP + Typical value is 500nA +
=

Input Offset Current ()

It is defined as the algebraic difference of the currents entering into the inverting and non inverting terminals of an OP-AMP Typical value is 200nA
=
+

Input Offset Voltage ( )

It is defined as the voltage to be applied at the input terminals of an OP-AMP to nullify the output Typical value is 6mV = +

Total Output Offset Voltage ()

It is defined as the offset voltage produced at the output of an OPAMP due to the input bias current or input offset voltage
= + +

Thermal Drift

It is defined as the average rate of change of the parameter per unit change in temperature
= = = =

SLEW RATE It is defined as the maximum rate of change of output voltage with respect to time It is Expressed in /

OP-AMP IC 741 Features

High Input Voltage range

Offset voltage Nullify capability

Short circuit protection

Excellent temperature stability

It is a Monolithic IC

Useful for feedback amplifications

Available in all the packages

OP-AMP Applications
ADDER SUBTRACTOR AC AMPLIFIER DIFFERENTIATOR INTEGRATOR V TO I CONVERTER

I TO V CONVERTER
SAMPLE AND HOLD

SCHMITT TRIGGER
MULTIVIBRATORS

VOLTAGE REGULATORS

OP-AMP ADDER

OP-AMP subtractor

OP-AMP Differentiator

The output voltage of the differentiator is proportional to the derivative of the input voltage

OP-AMP Integrator

The output voltage of the Integrator is proportional to the Integral of the input voltage

OP-AMP AC Amplifier

An AC Amplifier blocks the DC signals and amplifies the AC signal Capacitor used in the input side blocks the DC signals

Digital ICs
QUAD 2-INPUT GATES 7400 quad 2-input NAND 7402 quad 2-input NOR 7403 quad 2-input NAND 7408 quad 2-input AND 7409 quad 2-input AND 7432 quad 2-input OR 7486 quad 2-input EX-OR 74132 quad 2-input NAND

TRIPLE 3-INPUT GATES 7410 triple 3-input NAND 7411 triple 3-input AND 7412 triple 3-input NAND 7427 triple 3-input NOR DUAL 4-INPUT GATES 7420 dual 4-input NAND 7421 dual 4-input AND HEX NOT GATES 7404 hex NOT 7405 hex NOT 7414 hex NOT

Logic Families

RTL DTL TTL ECL I2L CMOS HTL

ECL is the fastest logic family ECL & HTL have High power consumption CMOS has the lowest power consumption CMOS family has the high fanout