Laboratory N 01: DIODES APLICATIONS

Cristian Camilo Daz Pieros, Crystian Geovanny Numpaque. School of Electrical Engineering, La Salle University Bogot, Colombia. ccdiaz19@gmail.com cnumpaque07@unisalle.edu.co diodes and Zener diodes also because there are many applications in which the use of these is essential. Since circuits present in household appliances to complex circuits used in power systems for various purposes.

ABSTRACT
The diodes are formed by an electronic component called PN semiconductor junction whereby a current flows. These diodes are made of silicon or germanium. The role of conventional diode is to rectify a sine wave, but there are other types such as Zener diodes which are used in voltage regulation applications.

I. KEYWORDS: Diode, wave rectifier, peak detector, bridge rectifier, bias.

THEORICAL FRAMEWORK

OBJECTIVES OVERALL OBJECTIVE Design and implement a full-wave rectifier circuit voltage regulator, using diodes.

1. Diode The LED is an electronic component that is based on a known PN semiconductor junction by which a current flows in one direction only. The diode as other ingredients has a polarity, the positive terminal of the diode anode is called while the negative terminal is called the cathode, due to its functioning as a rectifier, is used is many applications. In the images shown below, shows both the semiconductor junction and the diode circuit representation.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES Establish the functionality of conventional diodes in the design of a full wave rectifier. Meet and interact with experimental control circuits and load line regulation, setting characteristics, similarities and / or differences between them. Verifying the behavior of the capacitor, as a peak detector or filtering, with a direct application in the circuit design raised.

FIG N01. (PN semiconductor junction)

I.

INTRODUCTION

Today all electronic devices base their operation on circuits consist not only electrical components such as transformers, resistors, capacitors, etc., but also electronic components like diodes. Several types of diodes according to their use and operating conditions. For this particular case the focus is on conventional

FIG N 02. (Diode circuit model)

Besides the conventional diode diode other very frequently used is the zener diode, which will behave

differently depending on whether it is polarized directly or inversely. BIAS With this type of polarization, the zener diode will have a conventional rectifier diode behavior.

4 diodes 1N4004 Signal generator Oscilloscope Zener diode 1N4740 Multimeter 100uF capacitor

REVERSE BIAS By biasing the diode in reverse, and behavior but not rectifier voltage regulator. The adjusted value will depend on the specifications which are built. In addition to the aforementioned diodes, other types of diodes which are mentioned below.

II.

DESIGNS AND SIMULATIONS

V+

D1 D1N4004

D3 D1N4004 1 2000
V+ V+

V1 VOFF = 0 VAMPL = 12 FREQ = 60

R2 2

2 R1 1000 1 D5

C1

Schottky diode Tunnel diode Varactor diode

D2 D1N4004
V-

D4 D1N4004

D1N4740

200u

0
FIG N 03. Circuit load regulation

V-

V-

Similarly there are many applications where diodes play a key role. Some of these applications are discussed below.

12V

8V

Wave rectifier bridge Peak Detector Limiter Voltage Regulator

4V

0V

2. FULL WAVE RECTIFIER This rectifier has the function of making a complete sinusoidal signal to the input and output provide a unipolar signal, reversing the negative half cycles of the sine wave. 3. PEAK DETECTOR The peak detector filter works or from a rectified signal, which is converted into a continuous signal by filtering of the low frequency signal. The filtering is performed using capacitors. 4. VOLTAGE REGULATOR It is a device designed for the purpose of maintaining a constant voltage value determined in practice these regulators are used in various devices to protect them from power surges that may occur in the circuit.

-4V

-8V

-12V 0s V(D4:2,0) 5ms V(D1:2,0) 10ms V(D5:2,0) Time 15ms 20ms 25ms

FIG N 04. VOLTAGE RELATIONSHIP OF SIGNALS AND OUT IN EACH STAGE CIRCUIT

V+

D1 D1N4004

D3 D1N4004 D5

V1 VOFF = 0 VAMPL = 12 FREQ = 60

V+

V+

D1N4740

V+ V-

2 R1

C1 D2 D1N4004
V-

R2 200 1 1

D4 D1N4004

45

100u

V-

V-

MATERIALS:
FIG N 05. CIRCUIT LINE REGULATION

Protoboard

12V

RECTIFIER BRIGDE CIRCUIT

8V

4V

0V

-4V

-8V

-12V 0s V(V1:+,0) 10ms V(D5:2,0) 20ms V(R1:2,0) 30ms V(D5:2,R1:2) Time 40ms 50ms 60ms 70ms

FIG N 06. VOLTAGE RELATIONSHIP OF SIGNALS AND OUT IN EACH STAGE CIRCUIT FIG N 09. SIGNAL INPUT THROUGH OSCILLOSCOPE

1.860e-24V

D1 1.483e-24A V1 VOFF = 0 VAMPL = 12 FREQ = 60

I

2.762e-30A D3 D1N4004 2.762e-18V D5 0A 0V D1N4740 2 2 41.33e-27A R1 R2 9.299e-27A 200 1 1 45

0A D1N4004

0A D2 D1N4004 D4 D1N4004 2.762e-30A

C1 100u

FIG N 07. CURRENT RELATIONSHIP OF SIGNALS AND OUT IN EACH STAGE CIRCUIT FIG N 10. SIGNAL RECTIFIER WITHOUT FILTER VIEW THROUGH OSCILLOSCOPE.

III.

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

FIG N 11. SIGNAL RECTIFIER WITH FILTER VIEW THROUGH OSCILLOSCOPE. FIG N 08. EXPERIMENTAL ASSEMBLY

REGULATION LOAD CIRCUIT.

RL
()

1000 500 400 287.5 250 136.4

Vout (V) 10.6 10.4 10.28 10.25 10.16 9.31

Is (mA) 10,6 20.8 25.7 35.65 40.64 68.25

resistance was above 240 ohms, while the series configuration to be keep the regulation, the value of the load resistance should be of a relatively compared to the parallel configuration. Additionally, as noted in the table No. 01 in the load regulation, shows the capacity of the circuit to keep the output voltage even change the current IL which is consumed by the load. In this order there will then be a point at which destabilize the regulation, by a considerable decrease of the load abruptly vary the voltage value to be regulated. This particular case will then require a redesign of the circuit, for which with the main design component the maximum power dissipated by the diode and bias voltage, is a new resistance value supplementing the regulation stage, so Sure It is desired voltage level. Now, in Table No. 02, series or regulation known as line, suggests that indeed facing a constant voltage source current regulation exists, which depends on the value of load resistance.

TABLA N 01. RELATION OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA FOR REGULATION LOAD CIRCUIT.

REGULATION LINE CIRCUIT.

Vin (V) 16 16 16 16 16

RL
()

300 447.5 474.5 622.5 945.5

Vz (V) 10.19 10.08 10.05 10.00 9.96

VRL (V) 5.94 6.21 6.3 6.45 6.76

Is (mA) 19.8 13.8 13.2 10.36 7.14

V.

CONCLUSIONS

TABLA N 02. RELATION OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA FOR REGULATION LINE CIRCUIT.

IV.

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS

A check is achievement of the most important applications of conventional diodes, lies in the creation of rectifying bridges, for which the rectified output voltage is constant, despite variations in the input voltage and of the current consumed by load. Satisfactorily corroborated experimentally that the limit point of operation of the zener diode is when its maximum power dissipated as heat. States that the function of zener regulator is constituted to provide a constant output voltage despite the curl and variations of the load current. Finally it was found that the filter capacitor used as effectively remove ripple wave thereby allowing for a continuous wave.

In the implementation of the full wave rectifier bridge with respect to the ripple voltage was observed that the value of this voltage value varied by both the capacitor and the load resistance. It was determined that to have the slightest ripple voltage, the capacitor value was to be great as the value of the load resistance, as if it just had a big capacitor value and a small resistance, the voltage value curly was significant because the resistance by circulating a stream large enough to produce the crimp. Considering that during the development of the zener diode practiced was operating at different voltage levels it was observed that an important factor to determine if the diode was functioning properly the temperature thereof was because, insofar as this is was pushing the limits of its regulation voltage, Zener temperature increased significantly, considering that at the breaking point is when its maximum power dissipated as heat. Regarding the settings with which to work it was observed that the parallel configuration, the regulation was maintained as long as the value of the load

VI.

REFERENCES

[1]SEDRA A., SMITH K., Circuitos Micro electrnicos. Cuarta edicin. Editorial.University Oxford. Mxico. 2002

[2] DORF, SVOBADA. Circuitos elctricos. Sexta edicin. Editorial Alfa Omega. Mxico. 2006

[3] BOYLESTAD, ROBERT. Introduccin al Anlisis De Circuitos. Decima edicin. Editorial Pearson. Mxico. 2004 [4] JAEGER R, BLALOCK T. Diseo de Circuitos Micro electrnicos. Segunda Edicin. Mc Graw Hill. Mxico. 2005.