Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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nDK6\DULnDK 6 PHUXSDNDQVHJDODDSD\DQJWHODKGLJDULVNDQDWDXGLWHWDSNDQROHK$OODKGDODP DMDUDQDJDPDXQWXNPHQJDWXUKLGXSKDPEDKDPEDQ\DEHUDUWLPHQJDWXUDVSHN NHKLGXSDQPDQXVLDEDLNEHUXSDDVSHNLEDGDKSROLWLNVRVLDOHNRQRPLGDQ VHEDJDLQ\D6HEDJDLPDQDILUPDQ$OODKGDODP46DQ1DKOD\DW
0 XKDPPDG<XVXI4DUGKDZL+DODOGDQ+DUDP'DODP,VODPDOLK%DKDVD0XnDPPDO+DPLG\ WS37%LQD,OPXK
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
'HSDUWHPHQ$JDPD5,$OTXUnDQGDQ7HUMHPDKDQQ\D%DQGXQJ6\LJPDK
A r tinya: Dan tolong me nolonglah kamu dalam ( menge r jakan) ke bajikan dan tak w a, dan jangan tolong menolong dalam ber bu at dos a dan pelanggar an. dan ber tak w alah kam u ke pada A llah, Ses ungguhnya A llah amat ber at s iks a N ya.
'DODP EHUPXDPDODK PDQXVLD WHODK GLEHUL NHOHOXDVDDQ XQWXN PHQMDODQNDQQ\D1DPXQNHOHOXDVDDQLWXEXNDQEHUDUWLVHPXDFDUDGDSDW GLNHUMDNDQ8QWXNPHQMDPLQNHVHODUDVDQGDQNHKDUPRQLVDQDQWDUDVHVDPD GLEXWXKNDQDGDQ\DNHUHODDQGDODPEHUPXDPDODK'DODPNRQVHS,VODPPXDPDODK PHUXSDNDQFHUPLQDQQLODLGLELGDQJPXDPDODWKXNXPPXDPDODWEHUVXPEHUGDUL DOTXUnDQVXQQDKUDVXOGDQUDn\XDWDXLMWLKDG6HEDJDLPDQDGLMHODVNDQGDODP 46DQ1LVDD\DW
$ y r t g'
$ # (q t B # u ( # 2 sNs 9 ur & M o t @ t $ Hbr cq s ? t p ` t < ts % ! #Y w q= ' ? 3 qB 6 Y / 6 9 $ /w) & 3o g B # ? i4 u r( F s ? | R r4 ! $ t% x V mu N3Z B # q= ) N3 & b) # b . N3/$ J w
$KPDG$]KDU%DV\LU$VDV$VDV+XNXP0XDPDODW+XNXP3HUMDQMLDQ,VODP<RJ\DNDUWD 8,,3UHVVK
'DODP PHQMDODQNDQ VXDWX XVDKD RE\HN PXDPDODK GDODP ,VODP PHPSXQ\DLELGDQJ\DQJVDQJDWOXDVVHKLQJJDDO4XUn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nDK%HUGDVDUNDQZDK\X$OODK 6:7GDQVXQQDK5DVXO 'DODPPHODNXNDQEHUEDJDLXVDKDWHUVHEXWPDQXVLDKDUXVPHPSXQ\DL NRPSHWHQVLEDLN\DQJEHUNDLWDQGHQJDQWHNKQLNDOVRVLDOPDQDMHULDOGDQ LQWHOHNWXDO'LVDPSLQJ LWX MXJD KDUXV PHPLOLNL VLVWHP PDQDMHPHQ \DQJ EDJXV,VODPWLGDNPHQRODNVHWLDSXVDKD\DQJPHPXQJNLQNDQWHUEHQWXNQ\D RUJDQLVDVL\DQJPHQJXQWXQJNDQ 'HQJDQVHWLDSRUDQJ,VODP\DQJPHODNXNDQDNNWLILWDVQ\DEHUNHZDMLEDQ PHQWDDWLVHOXUXKKXNXPDWDXQRUPDQRUPD+DOLQLGLPDNVXGNDQDJDUWLGDN
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
7
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
. KRLURQ:DZDQFDUD6LGRDUMR$SULO 3XMLZDZDQFDUD6LGRDUMR$SULO
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
0HQMHODVNDQ\DQJEHUNDLWDQGHQJDQDNDGSHUMDQMLDQNHVHSDNDWDQXVDKD SHUVHZDDQ PRELO GL 'XVXQ %XDUDQ .HERJXX\DQJ .HFDPDWDQ -DERQ .DEXSDWHQ6GRDUMR $QDOLVLVKXNXP,VODPWHUKDGDSSUDNWHNXVDKDSHUVHZDDQPRELOGL'XVXQ %XDUDQ.HERJX\DQJ.HFDPDWDQ-DERQ.DEXSDWHQ6LGRDUMR
10
'.DMLDQ3XVWDND MLDQSXVWDNDPHUXSDNDQGHVNULSVLULQJNDVWHQWDQJNDMLDQDWDX .D SHQHOLWLDQ\DQJVXGDKSHUQDKGLODNXNDQGLVHSXWDUPDVDODK\DQJGLWHOLWLVHKLQJJD WHUOLKDW MHODV EDKZD NDMLDQ \DQJ DNDQ GLODNXNDQ LQL WLGDN PHUXSDNDQ SHQJXODQJDQDWDXGXSOLNDVLGDULNDMLDQDWDXSHQHOLWLDQ\DQJWHODKDGD HMDXKSHQHOLWLDQSHQXOLVWHUKDGDSNDU\DNDU\DLOPLDKEHUXSDEXNX 6 PDXSXQODSRUDQSHQHOLWLDQSHPEDKDVDQWHQWDQJSUDNWHNVHZDPHQ\HZDVXGDK EDQ\DNDQWDUDODLQ
) DNXOWDV6\DULnDK,$,16XQDQ$PSHO3HWXQMXN7HNQLV3HQXOLVDQ6NULSVLHG5HYLVL 6XUDED\DFHWK
11
$QKDU0RKDPPDGGHQJDQMXGXO DQDOLVLVKXNXPLVODPWHUKDGDSNHWHQWXDQ
$QKDU0RKDPPDG$QDOLVLV+XNXP,VODP7HUKDGDS.HWHQWXDQ3HODNVDQDDQ6HZD0HQ\HZD
12
13
(7XMXDQ3HQHOLWLDQ 8QWXN PHQJHWDKXL SUDNWHN XVDKD SHUVHZDDQ PRELO GL 'XVXQ %XDUDQ .HERJX\DQJ.HFDPDWDQ-DERQ.DEXSDWHQ6LGRDUMR 8QWXNPHQJHWDKXLDQDOLVLVKXNXP,VODPWHUKDGDSSUDNWHNXVDKDSHUVHZDDQ PRELOGL'XVXQ%XDUDQ.ERJX\DQJ.HFDPDWDQ-DERQ.DEXSDWHQ6LGRDUMR
14
8QWXNPHQJKLQGDULDGDQ\DNHVDODKSDKDPDQGDODPPHPDKDPLMXGXO VNULSVLLQLPDNDGLVLQLGLMHODVNDQPDNQDVHEDJDLEHULNXW +XNXP,VODPNHWHQWXDQNHWHQWXDQKXNXP\DQJGLKDVLONDQGDULDO4XUnDQ 1. GDQ+DGLVROHKSDUDPXMWDKLG\DQJEHUKXEXQJDQGHQJDQSHUVRDODQDOLMDUDK 8VDKDSHUVHZDDQPRELOVXDWXEHQWXNXVDKDMDVDSHUVHZDDQPRELOGLPDQD 2. SHQ\HZDPHPEHULNDQLPEDODQDWDXPDQIDDWGDULEHQGDDWDXEDUDQJ\DQJ GLPLOLNLROHKSHPLOLNEDUDQJ\DQJGLSLQMDPNDQ DGLPDNVXGNHVLPSXODQLQLDGDODKXQWXNPHQJDQDOLVLVGDQPHQJNDML SUDNWHNXVDKDSHUVHZDDQGL'XVXQ%XDUDQ.HERJX\DQJGHQJDQPHQJJXQDNDQ NHWHQWXDQNHWHQWXDQEHUGDVDUNDQKXNXP,VODP\DLWXDO4XUnDQGDQ+DGLV
15
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
RNR6XEDJ\R 0HWRGH3HQHOLWLDQ'DODP7HRULGDQ3UDNWHN &HW9-DNDUWD5LQHND &LSWD
16
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
17
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nDQGDQDV6XQQDK\DQJEHUNDLWDQGHQJDQSUDNWHNXVDKD LMDUDKNHPXGLDQ GLJXQDNDQ XQWXN PHQJDQDOLVLV SUDNWHN XVDKD SHUVHZDDQ PRELO \DQJ VHODQMXWQ\DGLWDULNNHVLPSXODQ
18
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
LMDUDKPDFDPPDFDPKXNXPGDODPDNDG LMDUDKVHUWDEHUDNKLUQ\D
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
NHVLPSXODQGDULKDVLOSHQHOLWLDQGDQVDUDQVDUDQ 19