Professional Documents
Culture Documents
'LWXOLVROHK
6\HLNK$EGXU5RKPDQELQ+DPPDG$OL8PDU
3HQHUMHPDK
0XKDPPDG6DHIXGGLQ%DVUL
0XKDPPDG0X·LQXGLQLOODK%DVUL
'LLQXO$O+DT
ö·Âó¡úgÂó¡ ¡öÈ¥
3HQGDKXOXDQ
6HJDODSXMLEDJL$OORK5REEVHNDOLDQDODP6KRODZDWGDQ
VDODP VHPRJD WHUFXUDKNDQ NHSDGD XWXVDQ $OORK 6HWHODKQ\D
,QLODKDMDNDQNHSDGDNHVHODPDWDQDNXSHUVHPEDKNDQNHSDGD
VHWLDS\DQJEHUDNDOGDODPDODPVHPHVWDLQL² ODNLODNLPDXSXQ
SHUHPSXDQ GHQJDQ PHQJKDUDS NHSDGD $OORK <DQJ 0DKD
7LQJJL GDQ %HUNXDVD DJDU PHPEHULNDQ NHEDKDJLDDQ
GHQJDQQ\D RUDQJ \DQJ WHUVHVDW GDUL MDODQ1\D PHPEHULNDQ
NHSDGDNX SDKDOD GDQ VHWLDS RUDQJ \DQJ DQGLO GDODP
PHQ\HEDUNDQQ\D GHQJDQ SDKDOD \DQJ VHEHVDUEHVDUQ\D VD\D
NDWDNDQGDQ$OORKODK']DW\DQJGLPLQWDLSHUWRORQJDQ
%XNX´'LLQX$O+DTµ\DQJGLKDGDSDQDQGDGLGDODPQ\D
DGD NHWHUDQJDQ XQWXN PDVDODK PDVDODK \DQJ EHVDU LQL \DQJ
ZDMLE DWDV DQGD PHQJHWDKXLQ\D GDQ PHQJDPDONDQQ\D GDQ
WHODK VD\D VHEXWNDQ GDODP FDWDWDQ SLQJJLU SHQMHODVDQ \DQJ
GLSHUOXNDQ GDUL XQJNDSDQ GDQ NDWDNDWD VHEDJDL WDPEDKDQ
NHWHUDQJDQ EHUVDQGDUNDQ GDODP KDO LWX NHSDGD NDWDNDWD
$OORK <DQJ 0DKD 7LQJJL GDQ KDGLWVKDGLWV 5DVXO1\D²VHPRJD
'LLQXO$O+DT
VKRODZDW GDQ VDODP WHUFXUDKNDQ NHSDGD EHOLDXNDUHQD
NHGXDQ\D PHUXSDNDQ UHIUHQVL WXQJJDO XQWXN 'LLQX $O+DT
\DQJ $OORK WLGDN DNDQ PHQHULPD GDUL VHVHRUDQJ DJDPD
VHODLQQ\D
'LNDWDNDQGDQGLWXOLVROHK
$O)DTLLUNHSDGDDPSXQDQ$OORKWD·DDOD
$EGXU5RKPDQELQ+DPPDG8PDU
8VWDG],OPXLOPXNHDJDPDDQ
'LLQXO$O+DT
)DVDO6DWX
@6DQJ3HQFLSWD\DQJ0DKD$JXQJ
0HQJHQDO$OODK>
%XNWL\DQJSHUWDPD
.HEHUDGDDQPDQXVLDGDQNHKLGXSDQGLDDGDODKVHVXDWX
\DQJEDUX\DQJPHPLOLNLSHUPXODDQGDQDNKLUPHPEXWXKNDQ
SDGD\DQJODLQ6HGDQJNDQVHVXDWX\DQJEDUXGDQEXWXKSDGD
\DQJ ODLQ LDDGDODK PDNKOXT GDQ PDNOXT LWX KDUXV DGD \DQJ
PHQFLSWDNDQ\D GDQ 3HQFLSWD .KDOLT \DQJ 0DKD $JXQJ LQL
DGDODK $OODK
'DQ $OODK DGDODK \DQJ WHODK PHQJDEDUNDQ DNDQ ']DW
1\D\DQJ6XFLVHQGLULEDKZDVDQ\D'LDODK3HQFLSWD .KDOLT
<DQJ 0HQJXUXV VHPXD \DQJ DGD VHGDQJNDQ NDEDU LQL
@$OORKDGDODKQDPDNKXVXVXQWXN,ODDK>']DW<DQJEHUKDNGLVHPEDK@DODP
VHPHVWDGDQPDQXVLDGDQVHJDODVHVXDWXGDQQDPDLQLQDPD¶DODP$OORK
PHPEHULNDQQDPDGLUL1\D\DQJVXFLDUWLQ\DOODK<DQJ+DT
@ 7D·DDOD NDWD SHQJDJXQJDQ GDQ SXMLDQ XQWXN $OORK 'LD GLVLIDWL GHQJDQ
NHWLQJJLDQ GDQ NHVXFLDQ GDUL VHJDOD NHNXUDQJDQ GDQ NDWD VXEKDDQDKX
DUWLQ\D6XFLODK$OORKGDQWHUEHEDVGDULVHJDODNHNXUDQJDQ
'LLQXO$O+DT
GDWDQJQ\D GDUL $OODK 7D·DODGDODP NLWDENLWDE1\D \DQJ WHODK
GLWXUXQNDQSDGDSDUD5DVXO1\D
ôß ¬Ç¡ ö¯ Çõ¢ Ê̈ ¬ÊÇ Êç Ñ ÁÈ ¡ Ê©¡¢øÈó¡ ê ô» ÊÀóM¡ þ ôó¡ ö ð¥Á ùM Ê`
þ ó ÊýÊÂ÷Ê¥ Ç©¡Â¼È÷ õ´üó¡  øìó¡ Æ
øÌó¡ ¢°Ê°· þ ¦ôØ Á¢ üó¡òôMó¡ÊÌä ÊÉÂàó¡
´å¡Âß ¡ §ÁÇ ÒÑ ^[ Êøó¢àó¡£Á þôó¡íÁ¢¦«  ÷È ¡ êô ¼ó¡
6HVXQJJXKQ\D5RENDOLDQVHPXDDGDODK$OODK\DQJWHODK
PHQFLSWDNDQODQJLWGDQEXPLGDODPPDVDHQDPKDULNHPXGLDQ
'LD EHUVHPD\DP GLDWDV $UV\'LD PHQXWXSNDQ PDODP SDGD
VLDQJ \DQJ PHQJLNXWLQ\D GHQJDQ FHSDW GDQ GLFLSWDNDQQ\D
SXODB PDWDKDUL EXODQ GDQ ELQWDQJELQWDQJ PDVLQJPDVLQJ
WXQGXN SDGD SHULQWDK1\D ,QJDWODK PHQFLSWDNDQ GDQ
PHPHULQWDK LWX KDQ\DODK KDN $OODK 0DKD VXFL $OODK 5RE
VHPHVWDDODP´ 46
@7DKDSDQGDODPSHQFLWDDQLQLNDUHQDKLNPDK\DQJGLNHKHQGDNLROHK$OODK
SDGDKDO'LDPDPSXPHQFLSWDNDQVHOXUXKPDNKOXTOHELKFHSDWGDULNHMDSDQ
PDWDVHEDE'LDWHODKPHPEHULWDNDQMLNDEHUNHKHQGDNXQWXNPHQFLSWDNDQ
VHVXDWXFXNXSGHQJDQPHQJDWDNDQ´-DGLODKµPDNDMDGLODK
@,VWLZD·GDODPEDKDVDDUDE\DQJGLDEDKDVD$O4XU·DQPDNQDQ\D'LDWDVGDQ
WLQJJL VHGDQJNDQ LVWLZD· EHUVHPD\DPQ\D $OODK GLDWDV $UV\1\D LD
.HWLQJJLDQQ\DGLDWDVDUV\\DQJVHVXDLGHQJDQNHEHVDUDQ1\DGDQWLGDNDGD
\DQJWDKXDNDQEDJDLPDQDLVWLZD·1\DVHODLQ'LD'DQEXNDQODKPDNQDQ\D
PHQJXDVDL PHQJXDVDL NHUDMDDQ VHEDJDLPDQD DQJJDSDQRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJ
VHVDW \DQJ PHUHND PHQJLQJNDUL KDNLNDW GDUL VLIDW \DQJ $OODK VLIDWNDQ EDJL
'LUL1\DGDQ\DQJGLVLIDWNDQROHK5DVXO1\DNDUHQDDQJJDSDQEDKZDMLND
'LLQXO$O+DT
'DQ $UV\ LWX GLDWDV ODQJLW VHGDQJNDQ DUV\ LWX
PHUXSDNDQ PDNOXT \DQJ WHUWLQJJL GDQ WHUOXDV 'DQ $OODK
EHUDGD GLDWDV $UV\ LQL $OODK EHUVDPD VHOXUXK PDNKOXTQ\D
GHQJDQ,OPX1\D3HQGHQJDUDQ1\DGDQ3HQJOLKDWDQ1\D
7LGDN DGD VHVXDWX XUXVDQ PDNKOXTSXQ \DQJ
WHUVHPEXQ\L GDUL1\D GDQ $OODK \DQJ 0DKD 3HUNDVD
PHQJDEDUNDQ EDKZD 'LD PHQMDGLNDQ PDODP PHQXWXS VLDQJ
GHQJDQ NHJHODSDQQ\D NHPXGLDQ VLDQJ PHQJLNXWLQ\D GHQJDQ
FHSDW 'LDSXQ PHQJDEDUNDQ EDKZD 'LD PHQFLSWDNDQ
PDWDKDUL EXODQ GDQ ELQWDQJELQWDQJ VHPXDQ\D WXQGXN GDQ
EHUMDODQ GLDWDV SHUHGDUDQQ\D GHQJDQ SHULQWDK1\D GDQ $OODK
PHQJDEDUNDQ MXJD EDKZD KDQ\D EDJL1\D ODK XUXVDQ
SHQFLSWDDQGDQSHQJDWXUDQDODPVHPHVWDLQL'LD\DQJ0DKD
6HPSXUQD ']DW GDQ VLIDWVLIDW1\D \DQJ PHPEHULNDQ
NHEDLNDQ \DQJ EDQ\DN GDQ WHUXVPHQHUXV GDQ 'LDODK 5RE
DODP VHPHVWD \DQJ PHQFLSWDNDQ PHUHND GDQ PHQGLGLNQ\D
GHQJDQQLNPDW1\D
$OODK7D·DOD%HUILUPDQ
´'DQVHEDJDLDQGDULWDQGDWDQGDNHNXDVDDQ1\DDGDODK
PDODP VLDQJ PDWDKDUL GDQ EXODQ -DQJDQODK EHUVXMXG SDGD
PDWDKDUL GDQ MDQJDQODK SXOD NHSDGD EXODQWDSL EHUVXMXGODK
PHUHNDPHQHWDSNDQVLIDW$OODKDWDVKDNLNDWQ\DPHUHNDPHQ\HUXSDNDQ1\D
GHQJDQ PDNOXT1\D GDQ LQL PHUXSDNDQ DQJJDSDQ \DQJ UXVDN NDUHQD
SHQ\HUXSDDQ LWX DGDODK MLND GLNDWDNDQ ´ GLD LWX PHQ\HUXSDL EHJLQL DWDX
VHUXSDEHJLQLGDULVLIDWVLIDWPDNOXT1\D$GDSXQPHQHWDSNDQVLIDWGDULVLVL
\DQJ OD\DN GHQJDQ $OODK GHQJDQ WLGDN PHQ\HUXSDNDQ PHQJXPSDPDNDQ
PHPEDJDLPDQDNDQGDQPHQLDGDNDQPDNQDGDQPHQWD·ZLONDQLWXDGDODK
FDUD\DQJGLWHPSXKSDUD5DVXO\DQJGLLNXWLROHKXODPD·VDODIVKDOHK,WXODK
NHEHQDUDQ \DQJ VHKDUXVQ\D RUDQJ \DQJ EHULPDQ EHUSHJDQJ WHJXK
GHQJDQQ\DVHNDOLSXQNHEDQ\DNDQPDQXVLDPHQLQJJDONDQQ\D
'LLQXO$O+DT
SDGD $OODK \DQJ PHQFLSWDNDQQ\D MLND NDPX KDQ\D NHSDGD
1\DEHUVHUDKGLUL´ 46
0DNQDD\DW\DQJPXOLDVHFDUDXPXP
%XNWL\DQJNHGXD
%XNWL\DQJNHWLJD
3HUEHGDDQEDKDVDGDQZDUQDNXOLWWLGDNSHUQDKGLGDSDWL
GXDRUDQJ\DQJVXDUDQ\DVDWXDWDXZDUQDNXOLWQ\DVDPDWDSL
SDVWLDGDSHUEHGDDQQ\DDQWDUDNHGXDQ\D
%XNWL\DQJNHHPSDW
3HUEHGDDQQDVLE<DQJLQLND\D\DQJLQLPLVNLQ\DQJLQL
SHPLPSLQGDQ\DQJLWX\DQJGLSLPSLQ UDN\DW SDGDKDOPHUHND
VHPXDQ\D VDPDVDPD PHPLOLNL DNDO SLNLUDQ GDQ LOPX GDQ
PHQJLQJLQNDQ DSD DSD \DQJ WLGDN ELVD GLFDSDL VHSHUWL ND\D
NHPXOLDDQ LVWUL \DQJ FDQWLN QDPXQ WLGDN DGD VHRUDQJSXQ
\DQJ PDPSX PHQFDSDL NHFXDOL \DQJ GL WDTGLUNDQ $OODK
XQWXNQ\D KDO LWX NDUHQD KLNPDK \DQJ EHVDU \DQJ WHODK
GLNHKHQGDNL $OODK 6ZW 'DQ VHPXD LQL DGDODK XMLDQ EDJL
'LLQXO$O+DT
PDQXVLD VDWX VDPD ODLQ GDQ NHEXWXKDQ PDQXVLD VDWX VDPD
\DQJODLQVHKLQJJDWLGDNKLODQJNHPDVODKDWDQPHUHNDVHPXD
'DQEDJL\DQJWLGDNGLWDTGLUNDQROHK$OODKEHUQDVLEEDLN
GLGXQLD $OODK PHQJDEDUNDQ EDKZD $OODK PHPEHULNDQ
SDGDQ\D QDVLE EDLNQ\D VHEXDK WDPEDKDQ GLGDODP
NHQLNPDWDQQ\DGLVRUJDMLNDLDPDWLGDODP NRQGLVLLPDQSDGD
$OODK $OODK WHODK PHPEHUL RUDQJ IDNLU VXDWX NHLVWHPHZDDQ
\DQJ ELVD GLQLNPDWL MLZD GDQ NHVHKDWDQ \DQJ NHEDQ\DNDQ
WLGDN GLGDSDWNDQ SDGD RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ ND\D GDQ LQL
PHUXSDNDQNHELMDNVDQDDQGDQNHDGLODQ$OODK
%XNWLNHOLPD
7LGXU GDQ PLPSL EHQDU \DQJ $OODK WDPSDNNDQ
GLGDODPQ\D NHSDGD RUDQJ \DQJ WLGXU VXDWX SHUNDUD JKDLE
VHEDJDLEHULWDJHPELUDDWDXSHULQJDWDQ
%XNWLNHHQDP
5XKGLPDQDWLGDNDGD\DQJPHQJHQDOKDNHNDWUXKVHODLQ
$OODKVDMD
%XNWLNHWXMXK
0DQXVLD EHULNXW \DQJ DGD GL WXEXKQ\D EHUXSD SDQFD
LQGUDXUDWVDUDIRWDNDODWSHQFHUQDDQGDQVHODLQQ\D
%XNWLNHGDODSDQ
$OODK PHQXUXQNDQ KXMDQ SDGD WDQDK PDWL ODOX
PXQFXOODK WHWXPEXKDQ VHUWD SHSRKRQDQ EHUDQHND UDJDP
EHQWXN FRUDN PDQIDDW GDQ UDVDQ\D ,QL PHUXSDNDQ VHGLNLW
GLDQWDUD UDWXVDQ EXNWL \DQJ $OODK 7D·DOD VHEXWNDQ GDODP $O
4XU·DQGDQ\DQJ'LDNKDEDUNDQEDKZDVHPXDLWXPHUXSDNDQ
EXNWL NXDW DNDQ HNVLVWHQVL $OODK GDQ EDKZD 'LDODK 3HQFLSWD
VHNDOLJXV3HQJDWXUVHOXUXKPDNKOXN\DQJDGD
%XNWLNHVHPELODQ
)LWUDK\DQJ$OODKFLSWDNDQSDGDPDQXVLDPHQJDNXLDNDQ
HNVLVWHQVL$OODKVHEDJDL3HQFLSWDGDQ3HQJDWXUQ\D6LDSD\DQJ
PHQJLQJNDUL KDO LWX EHUDUWL GLD KDQ\D PHQFHODNDNDQ GLULQ\D
VHQGLUL 2UDQJ DWKHLV PLVDOQ\D KLGXS GL GXQLD LQL GDODP
'LLQXO$O+DT
NHDGDDQ FHODND VHGDQJ WHPSDW NHPEDOLQ\D NHODN VHWHODK
NHPDWLDQ DGDODK QHUDND VHEDJDL EDODVDQ GLD PHQGXVWDNDQ
5REEQ\D \DQJ WHODK PHQFLSWDNDQ GLULQ\D GDUL DZDOQ\D WLGDN
DGD GDQ PHPHOLKDUDQ\D GHQJDQ EHUEDJDL PDFDP QLNPDW
.HFXDOL NDODX GLD PDX EHUWDXEDW NHSDGD $OODK GDQ EHULPDQ
NHSDGD1\DDJDPDVHUWD5DVXO1\D
%XNWLNHVHSXOXK
%HUNDK \DLWX VHPDNLQ EHUWDPEDK EDQ\DNQ\D SDGD
VHEDJLDQ PDNKOXN VHSHUWL NDPELQJ 6HGDQJ NHEDOLNDQ EHUNDK
DGDODKJDJDOVHEDJDLPDQDSDGDELQDWDQJDQMLQJGDQNXFLQJ
öó ¾Êô öó Ï ¾øÐó¡ þ ôMó¡ Î ¾· þMôó¡ ÿ òë ÊöÊ·Âó¡ Êúø · Âó¡ ÊþôMó¡ ÊöÈ
Ê¥`
^ Ñ ¾· ¡èï þó úð öó Ð ¾ó
0DNQDD\DW
7DWNDOD RUDQJRUDQJ NDILU EHUWDQ\D NHSDGD 5DVXOXOODK
VROODOORKX ¶DODLKL ZD VDOODP WHQWDQJ VLIDW $OODK PDND $OODK
PHQXUXQNDQ VXUDW LQL VHUD\D PHPHULQWDKNDQ NHSDGD EHOLDX
XQWXN PHQ\DWDNDQ NHSDGD PHUHND $OODK LWX (VD WLGDN DGD
VHNXWXEDJL1\D$OODKLWX'LDODK<DQJ0DKD+LGXS$EDGLODJL
0DKD 0HQJDWXU %DJL1\D VHPDWD NHNXDVDDQ PXWODN DWDV
DODP VHPHVWD PDQXVLD GDQ VHJDOD VHVXDWX +DQ\D NHSDGD
'LLQXO$O+DT
1\D VHPDWD VHOXUXK PDQXVLD ZDMLE NHPEDOL GDODP UDQJND
PHPHQXKLVHJDODNHEXWXKDQPHUHND
'LD WLGDN EHUDQDN GDQ WLGDN SXOD GLSHUDQDNNDQ 7LGDN
EHQDU'LDPHPSXQ\DLSXWUDDWDXSXWULD\DKDWDXLEX%DKNDQ
'LDVDQJDWPHQDILNDQLWXVHPXDGDULGLUL1\DGDODP VXUDWLQL
GHPLNLDQ SXOD SDGDVXUDW \DQJ ODLQ 6HEDEEHUNHWXUXQDQGDQ
EHUDQDN SLQDN PHUXSDNDQ VLIDW PDNKOXN $OODK WHODK
PHPEDQWDK XFDSDQ NDXP QDVUDQL ´$O 0DVLK LWX DQDN $OODKµ
GDQXFDSDQNDXP\DKXGL´8]DLULWXDQDN$OODK6HUWDXFDSDQ
\DQJ ODLQ \DQJ PHQ\DWDNDQ ´0DODLNDW SXWUL $OODKµ GDQ 'LD
PHQJHFDPNHUDVXFDSDQEDWKLOLQL
$OODKPHQJDEDUNDQEDKZD'LDPHQFLSWDNDQ$OPDVLK,VD
X GDULVHRUDQJLEXWDQSDD\DKGHQJDQNXDVD1\DVHEDJDLPDQD
'LD PHQFLSWDNDQ $GDP PR\DQJ PDQXVLD GDUL WDQDK
6HEDJDLPDQD SXOD 'LD PHQFLSWDNDQ +DZD GDUL WXODQJ UXVXN
$GDP ODOX WLEDWLED $GDP PHOLKDW +DZD WHODK DGD GL
VDPSLQJQ\D .HPXGLDQ PHQFLSWDNDQ DQDN NHWXUXQDQ $GDP
GDUL DLU ODNLODNL GDQ SHUHPSXDQ $OODK WHODK PHQFLSWDNDQ
VHJDOD VHVXDWX SDGD SHUPXODDQ \DQJ VHPXOD WLGDN DGD GDQ
PHQMDGLNDQVHWHODKLWXVHEDJDLVXQQDKGDQDWXUDQEDJLVHPXD
PDNKOXN1\D\DQJ WDN VHRUDQJSXQ PDPSX PHUXEDKQ\D 'DQ
MLND $OODK PHQJKHQGDNL PHUXEDK DWXUDQ LQL PDND 'LD UXEDK
VHVXDL NHKHQGDN1\D VHEDJDLPDQD 'LD PHZXMXGNDQ ,VD
¶DODLKLVVDODP GDUL VHRUDQJ LEX WDQSD EDSDN 6HEDJDLPDQD 'LD
PHQMDGLNDQ,VDPDPSXEHUELFDUDGLEXDLDQVHEDJDLPDQDSXOD
'LDPHUXEDKWRQJNDW0XVD¶DODLKLVVDODP PHQMDGLVHHNRUXODU
\DQJ EHUJHUDNJHUDN 7DWNDOD 0XVD PHPXNXONDQ WRQJNDW
WHUVHEXW NH ODXW PDND ODXWSXQ WHUEHODK GDQ PHQMDGL VHEXDK
MDODQ\DQJELVD GLOHZDWL0XVD EHVHUWDNDXPQ\D6HEDJDLPDQD
SXOD $OODK PDPSX PHPEHODK EXODQ XQWXN SHQXWXS SDUD
5DVXO 0XKDPPDG VROODOORKX ¶DODLKL ZD VDOODP PHQMDGLNDQ
SRKRQ ELVD PHQJXFDSNDQ VDODP NHSDGD EHOLDX NHWLND
PHOHZDWLQ\D 'LD PHQMDGLNDQ KHZDQ EHUVDNVL DWDV NHUDVXODQ
EHOLDX GL KDGDSDQ EHOLDX GHQJDQ VXDUD \DQJ ELVD GLGHQJDU
PDQXVLD +HZDQ LWX EHUNDWD $NX EHUVDNVL HQJNDX XWXVDQ
$OODK %HOLDX SHUQDK GLSHUMDODQNDQ GL DWDV %XUDT GDUL PDVMLG
+DUDP NH PDVMLG $O $TVD .HPXGLDQ EHOLDX GLPL·URMNDQ NH
ODQJLW GLWHPDQL PDODLNDW -LEULO KLQJJD VDPSDL GL DWDV ODQJLW
'LLQXO$O+DT
/DOX $OODK WD·DDOD EHUELFDUD NHSDGD EHOLDX GDQ PHZDMLENDQ
VKRODW DWDV EHOLDX .HPXGLDQ NHPEDOL NH PDVMLG $O +DUDP GL
EXPL %HOLDX PHOLKDW GL SHUMDODQDQ SDUD SHQJKXQL ODQJLW
6HPXD LWX WHUMDGL KDQ\D SDGD WHPSR VHPDODP VHEHOXP WHUELW
IDMDU .LVDK ,VUD· 0L·UDM LQL PDV\KXU EDLN GL $O 4XU·DQ KDGLWV
PDXSXQEXNXEXNXVHMDUDK
'LDQWDUDVLIDW$OODK7D·DOD\DQJ'LDVLIDWNDQEDJLGLUL1\D
GDQGLVLIDWNDQSXODROHK5DVXO1\DZDMDKGXDWDQJDQLVWLZD·
EHUVHPD\DP WXUXQ ULGKR GDQ PDUDK $OODK ULGKR WHUKDGDS
KDPEDKDPED1\D \DQJ PXNPLQ GDQ PXUND WHUKDGDS RUDQJ
RUDQJ NDILU VHUWD RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ PHQJHUMDNDQ KDOKDO \DQJ
PHQJDNLEDWNDQ PXUND1\D 5LGKR GDQ PXUND1\D
VHEDJDLPDQD VLIDWVLIDW \DQJ ODLQ WLGDN VHUXSD GHQJDQ VLIDW
PDNKOXNWLGDNEROHKGLWD·ZLONDQPDXSXQGLGLVNULSVLNDQ
'LQ\DWDNDQ GDODP $O 4XU·DQ GDQ $V 6XQQDK EDKZD
RUDQJRUDQJ PXNPLQ NHODN PHOLKDW $OODK WD·DOD GHQJDQ PDWD
NHSDODGLSDGDQJPDKV\DUGDQGLVXUJD6LIDWVLIDW$OODKWD·DOD
'LLQXO$O+DT
GLVHEXWNDQ VHFDUD ULQFL GDODP $O 4XU·DQ GDQ KDGLWVKDGLWV
5DVXO VROODOORKX ¶DODLKL ZD VDOODP PDND KHQGDNQ\D DQGD
PHUXMXNNHSDGDQ\D
6HVXDWX<DQJ.DUHQDQ\D$OODK&LSWDNDQ
0DQXVLDGDQ-LQ
0DNQD$\DW6HFDUD8PXP
$OODK WD·DOD PHPEHULWDKXNDQ SDGD D\DW SHUWDPD EDKZD
'LD PHQFLSWDNDQ MLQ GDQ PDQXVLD VXSD\D PHUHND
PHQ\HPEDK1\D VHPDWD /DOX SDGD D\DW NHGXD GDQ NHWLJD
$OODK PHPEHULWDKXNDQ EDKZD 'LD 0DKD .D\D WLGDN
PHPEXWXKNDQ KDPED1\D 7LGDN PHQJKHQGDNL VHGLNLWSXQ
UL]NL PDXSXQ PDNDQDQ GDUL PHUHND .DUHQD 'LD 0DKD
3HPEHUL UL]NL ODJL 0DKD .XDW GLPDQD WLGDN DGD UL]NL EDJL
PDQXVLD PDXSXQ VHODLQQ\D PHODLQNDQ EHUDVDO GDUL1\D
'LDODK \DQJ PHQXUXQNDQ KXMDQ GDQ PHQJHOXDUNDQ UL]NL GDUL
EXPL
$GDSXQPDNKOXNODLQWDNEHUDNDO\DQJWHUGDSDWGLEXPL
PDND $OODK 7D·DOD PHPEHULWDKXNDQ EDKZD 'LD PHQFLSWDNDQ
'LLQXO$O+DT
PHUHND GHPL PDQXVLD VXSD\D PDQXVLD PHQJJXQDNDQQ\D
VHEDJDL VDUDQD WDDW NHSDGD1\D GDQ PHQJRODKQ\D VHVXDL
V\DULDW $OODK -DGL VHWLDS PDNKOXN VHWLDS JHUDNDQ PDXSXQ
GLDP GL DODP VHPHVWD LQL PDND $OODK ODK \DQJ
PHQJDGDNDQQ\D NDUHQD VXDWX KLPDK \DQJ 'LD WHUDQJNDQ
GDODP$O4XU·DQVHUWDGLNHQDOROHKSDUDXODPDPHODOXLV\DULDW
$OODK0DVLQJPDVLQJPHQXUXWNDGDULOPXQ\D%DKNDQVDPSDL
SHUEHGDDQXPXUUL]NLEHUEDJDLSHULVWLZDGDQPXVLEDKVHPXD
LWX EHUODNX DWDV L]LQ $OODK XQWXN PHQJXML KDPED1\D \DQJ
EHUDNDO 6LDSD \DQJ ULGKR GHQJDQ WDTGLU $OODK EHUVHUDK GLUL
GLVHUWDL NHVXQJJXKDQ GDODP PHODNXNDQ DPDO \DQJ GLULGKRL
1\D PDND LD PHQGDSDWNDQ ULGKR $OODK VHUWD NHEDJLDDQ GL
GXQLD GDQDNKLUDWVHWHODKPDWL6HGDQJVLDSD\DQJWLGDNULGKR
GHQJDQ NHWHQWXDQ $OODK WLGDN PDX EHUVHUDK GLUL GDQ WLGDN
PHQDDWL1\D PDND LD PHQGDSDWNDQ PXUND $OODK GDQ FHODND
GXQLD GDQ DNKLUDW .LWD PHPRKRQ NHSDGD $OODK DNDQ ULGKR
1\DGDQEHUOLQGXQJGDULPXUND1\D
.HEDQJNLWDQ6HWHODK0DWL+LVDE3HPEDODVDQ$PDO
3HUEXDWDQ6XUJDGDQ1HUDND
$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
òë ÔÕ ö Ê÷Á ÿÊ õ¢Ü Êàó¡ ʸ ú÷ ñ ¢ë þìô » ÊÈû
°÷ ¢üó £
Â Ó @
ƺ ÔÖ >öÊôßÇêô »Oòð Ê¥ ÿ ǧÂ÷ñ ¢ÿÌû ÊÀóM¡¢ ʸ
´'DQGLDPHPEXDWSHUXPSDPDDQEDJL.DPLGDQGLDOXSD
NHSDGD NHMDGLDDQQ\D LD EHUNDWD ´6LDSDNDK \DQJ GDSDW
PHQJKLGXSNDQ WXODQJ EHOXODQJ \DQJ WHODK KDQFXU OXOXK"µ
.DWDNDQODK ´,D DNDQ GLKLGXSNDQ ROHK 5REE \DQJ
'LLQXO$O+DT
PHQFLSWDNDQQ\D NDOL SHUWDPD 'DQ 'LD 0DKD 0HQJHWDKXL
WHQWDQJVHJDODPDNKOXNµ <DVLQ
$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
ö¬ôÊøß ¢øÊ¥ ùM ¦ü¬ó ö¯ ú°à¦¬ó ¥Á ô¥ òë ¡°à¦ úó ù ¡Âèï úÊÀóM¡ ö ß Ã @
Ôú¥¢ä¬ó¡ >Z ÊÈ ÊþMôó¡ôßîÊó¿
0DNQD$\DW6HFDUD8PXP
3DGD D\DW SHUWDPD $OODK WD·DDOD PHPEHULWDNDQ EDKZD
'LD PHQFLSWDNDQ PDQXVLD PXODQ\D GDUL WDQDK <DLWX NHWLND
PHQFLSWDNDQPR\DQJPHUHND$GDPGDULWDQDK.HPXGLDQ'LD
PHPEHULWDNDQ DNDQ PHQJHPEDOLNDQ PDQXVLD NH GDODP WDQDK
VHWHODKPDWL\DNQLGLGDODPNXEXUVHEDJDLSHQJKRUPDWDQEDJL
PHUHND /DOX 'LD PHPEHULWDNDQ DNDQ PHQJHOXDUNDQ PHUHND
SDGD ZDNWX \DQJ ODLQ VHKLQJJD PDQXVLD NHOXDU KLGXSKLGXS
GDULNXEXUQ\DGDULPDQXVLDSHUWDPDKLQJJD\DQJSDOLQJDNKLU
.HPXGLDQ $OODK PHQJKLWXQJ DPDO SHUEXDWDQ PHUHND GDQ
PHPEHULQ\DEDODVDQ
3DGD D\DW NHGXD $OODK PHPEDQWDK RUDQJ NDILU \DQJ
PHQGXVWDNDQ DGDQ\D NHEDQJNLWDQ VHWHODK PDWL GLPDQD
PHQJDQJJDS PXVWDKLO WXODQJ EHOXODQJ ELVD KLGXS NHPEDOL
VHWHODK KDQFXU OXOXK $OODK PHPEDQWDK RUDQJ NDILU WHUVHEXW
GHQJDQ PHPEHULWDNDQ EDKZD 'LD DNDQ PHQJKLGXSNDQ WXODQJ
EHOXODQJ LWX NDUHQD 'LDODK \DQJ WHODK PHQFLSWDNDQQ\D NDOL
SHUWDPDGDULVHEHOXPQ\DWLGDNDGD
'LLQXO$O+DT
3DGD D\DW NHWLJD $OODK PHPEDQWDK RUDQJRUDQJ NDILU
\DQJ PHQGXVWDNDQ DGDQ\D NHEDQJNLWDQ VHWHODK PDWL EDKZD
PHUHNDWHODKVDODK SUDVDQJND 'LDPHPHULQWDKNDQ 5DVXO1\D
VXSD\D EHUVXPSDK NHSDGD PHUHND GHQJDQ QDPD $OODK XQWXN
PHQXQMXNNDQ NHVHULXVDQ EDKZD $OODK SDVWL DNDQ
PHPEDQJNLWNDQ PHUHND GDQ DNDQ PHPEHULWDNDQ NHSDGD
PHUHND DSD \DQJ WHODK PHUHND SHUEXDW ODOX PHPEHUL EDODVDQ
NHSDGD PHUHND DWDV SHUEXDWDQ WHUVHEXW 'DQ VHPXD LWX
DPDWODKPXGDKEDJL$OODK
3DGD D\DW ODLQ $OODK PHPEHULWDNDQ EDKZD DSDELOD 'LD
WHODK PHPEDQJNLWNDQ RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ PHQGXVWDNDQ DGDQ\D
NHEDQJNLWDQ VHWHODK PDWL GDQ DGDQ\D QHUDND 'LD DNDQ VLNVD
PHUHNDGLQHUDND-DKDQDPVHUD\DGLNDWDNDQNHSDGDPHUHND
$OODKWD·DDOD WHODKPHPEHULWDNDQEDKZD'LDPHQJHWDKXL
DSD \DQJ DNDQ GLXFDSNDQ GDQ GLSHUEXDW VHWLDS PDQXVLD EDLN
PDXSXQEXUXNVHPEXQ\LVHPEXQ\LPDXSXQWHUDQJWHUDQJDQ
$OODK PHQJDEDUNDQ EDKZD 'LD WHODK PHQFDWDW VHPXD LWX GL
/DXK 0DKIXG] GL VLVL1\D VHEHOXP GLFLSWDNDQ1\D ODQJLW GDQ
EXPLPDQXVLDVHUWDODLQQ\D$OODKPHQJDEDUNDQEDKZDVHODLQ
LWX 'LD MXJD WHODK PHQXJDVNDQ NHSDGD VHWLDS PDQXVLD GXD
PDODLNDWVDWXQ\DEHUDGDGLVHEHODKNDQDQJXQDPHQXOLVDPDO
SHUEXDWDQ EDLN VHGDQJ ODLQQ\D GL VHEHODK NLUL JXQD PHQXOLV
DPDO SHUEXDWDQ EXUXN 7LGDN DGD VHGLNLWSXQ \DQJ WHUOHZDW
$OODK WD·DDOD PHQJDEDUNDQ EDKZD GL KDUL SHQJKLWXQJDQ NHODN
VHWLDSPDQXVLDDNDQGLEDJLNDQEXNX\DQJWHUFDWDWGLGDODPQ\D
VHPXD SHUNDWDDQ GDQ DPDO SHUEXDWDQQ\D /DOX LD
PHPEDFDQ\D WDQSD PHQJLQJNDULQ\D VHGLNLWSXQ 6LDSD \DQJ
'LLQXO$O+DT
FREDFREDPHQJLQJNDULPDND$OOODKSHULQWDKNDQSHQGHQJDUDQ
SHQJOLKDWDQ WDQJDQ NDNL GDQ NXOLWQ\D XQWXN EHUELFDUD
WHQWDQJVHOXUXKDSD\DQJGLDSHUEXDW
'L GDODP $O 4XU·DQ KDO LWX GLMHODVNDQ VHFDUD PHQGHWDLO
$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
6\DKDGDW SHUVDNVLDQ
'LLQXO$O+DT
$NX EHUVDNVL EDKZD WLDGD ,ODK \DQJ EHUKDN GLVHPEDK
PHODLQNDQ $OODK GDQ DNX EHUVDNVL EDKZD 0XKDPPDG XWXVDQ
$ODK $NX EHUVDNVL EDKZD VXUJD LWX EHQDU QHUDND LWX EHQDU
.LDPDW LWX DNDQ WLED WLDGD NHUDJXDQ ODJL $OODK DNDQ
PHPEDQJNLWNDQVHPXD\DQJDGDGLNXEXUXQWXNGLKLVDEDPDO
SHUEXDWDQQ\D GDQ GLEHUL EDODVDQ 6HPXD \DQJ GLNKDEDUNDQ
$OODK GDODP NLWDE1\D DWDX PHODOXL OLVDQ 5DVXO1\D DGDODK
EHQDU 6D\D PHQJDMDN DQGD ZDKDL RUDQJ \DQJ EHUDNDO XQWXN
EHULPDQ NHSDGD SHUVDNVLDQ LQL PHQHJDVNDQQ\D WHUDQJ
WHUDQJDQ GDQ PHQJDPDONDQ PDNQDQ\D ,QLODK MDODQ
NHVHODPDWDQ
3DVDO.HGXD
0HQJHQDO5DVXO
ÊþÊô°ÊøÊ¥ ù« ÊùÂìó¡¡Àÿ Êò°ÊøÊ¥ ¡« ù ôß úÊ´ó¡ ÆûÊó¡Êªàø¬³¡ÊúÊó òë`
ÕÕ¡ÂÇ¡ ^¡ZÊ Û ÇÒà¦Êó ö Ô à ¥ ù¢ïó
þ Môó¡ù¢ï [¦Êüó¡ö«¢» ÊþMôó¡ñÇÁ úðÊ ó öðóÊ¢³ÁÊ ú÷Ê Ç¾· ¢¥ ¾ø¸÷ù¢ï¢÷`
ÑÍ£¡Ä· ¡ ^¢øÊôßÇË Oòð Ê¥
$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
ÊÅ¢üó¡  °ï úÊðó ¡ÂÊÀû ¡ZÊÌ¥ ÊÅ¢üôÊó ¨Mç¢ï ¢MóÊ í¢üô ÇÁ ¢÷`
ÏÕ¦ºÇ ^ù øôà
$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQGLGDODP$O4XU·DQ
ÎÍÔ¢¦û¡ ^[
Êøó¢àô Êó ¨ø·Á ¢óMÊ í¢üô ÇÁ¢÷`
'LLQXO$O+DT
´'DQ WLDGDODK .DPL PHQJXWXV NDPX PHODLQNDQ XQWXN
PHQMDGL UDKPDWEDJLVHPHVWDDODPµ $O$QEL\D·
0DNQD$\DW6HFDUD8PXP
3DGD D\DW SHUWDPD $OODK WD·DOD PHQJDEDUNDQ EDKZD
0XKDPPDG VROODOORKX ¶DODLKL ZD VDOODP DGDODK VHEDJDL
XWXVDQ1\D NHSDGD VHOXUXK PDQXVLD VHNDOLJXV SHQXWXSQDEL
QDEL1\D VHKLQJJD WLGDN DGD ODJL QDEL VHSHQLQJJDOQ\D $OODK
PHQJDEDUNDQ EDKZD 'LD PHPLOLK 0XKDPPDG XQWXN
PHQJHPEDQ ULVDODK1\D GDQ PHQMDGL SHQXWXS EDJL UDVXO
UDVXO1\D .DUHQD $OODK PHQJHWDKXL EDKZD 0XKDPPDG ODK
\DQJSDOLQJOD\DNGLDQWDUDPDQXVLDXQWXNPHQJHPEDQWXJDV
LWX
3DGD D\DW ODLQ $OODK WD·DOD PHQJDEDUNDQ EDKZD 'LD
PHQJXWXV UDVXO1\D 0XKDPPDG NHSDGD VHOXUXK ODSLVDQ
PDQXVLDEDLNNXOLWSXWLKDWDXNXOLWKLWDP$UDEPDXSXQQRQ
$UDE 'LD PHQJDEDUNDQ EDKZD PD\RULWDV PDQXVLD WLGDN
PHQJHWDKXL NHEHQDUDQ 2OHK NDUHQDQ\D PHUHND VHVDW GDQ
NDILUNDUHQDWLGDNPHQJLNXWL0XKDPPDG
3DGD D\DW NHWLJD $OODK EHUELFDUD NHSDGD 5DVXO1\D
0XKDPPDG VROODOORKX ¶DODLKL ZD VDOODP $OODK PHQJDEDUNDQ
NHSDGDEHOLDXEDKZD'LDPHQJXWXVQ\DXQWXNPHQMDGLUDKPDW
EDJL VHOXUXK DODP -DGL EHOLDXODK VHEDJDL PDQLIHVWDVL UDKPDW
$OODK \DQJ GLNDUXQLDNDQ1\D NHSDGD PDQXVLD EHUNDW
NHPXUDKDQ1\D 6LDSD PHQJLPDQL GDQ PHQJLNXWLQ\D EHUDUWL
LD WHODK PHQHULPD UDKPDW $OODK GDQ EDJLQ\D VXUJD 6HGDQJ
VLDSD \DQJ WLGDN PHQJLPDQL 0XKDPPDG GDQ WLGDN PDX
PHQJLNXWLQ\D EHUDUWL LD WHODK PHQRODN UDKPDW $OODK GDQ
EHUKDNPHQGDSDWVLNVDSHGLKGLQHUDND
3DVDO.HWLJD
0HQJHQDO'LLQXO+DT ,VODP
'HILQLVL,VODP
%HUVDEGDSHQXWXSUDVXOUDVXOGDQXWXVDQ$OODKNHSDGD
VHOXUXKPDQXVLD
'LLQXO$O+DT
$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
ñ >ú ÊÂÊÇ¢¼ó¡úÊ÷ ʧ ʻó¡Êç ÿ þüÊ÷ ò¦ì úôç¢üʽ ÊõÇÊó¡Âã Ê⬦ ú÷@
ÕÒù¡Âøß
0DNQD8PXP.HGXD$\DW
'LLQXO$O+DT
$OODKWD·DODPHQJDEDUNDQEDKZDDJDPD\DQJGLWHULPDGL
VLVL1\D KDQ\DODK ,VODP 3DGD D\DW ODLQ $OODK PHQJDEDUNDQ
EDKZD 'LD WLGDN DNDQ PHQHULPD GDUL VLDSDSXQ DJDPD VHODLQ
DJDPD,VODP2UDQJRUDQJ\DQJEDKDJLDVHWHODKPDWLKDQ\DODK
RUDQJRUDQJ ,VODP VDMD 6HGDQJ RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ PDWL GDODP
NHDGDDQ WLGDN EHUDJDPD ,VODP PHUXJL GL NDPSXQJ DNKLUDW
VHUWDGLVLNVDGLQHUDND
2OHK NDUHQD LQL VHOXUXK SDUD QDEL PHQ\DWDNDQ
NHLVODPDQPHUHNDNHSDGD$OODKVHNDOLJXVPHUHNDPHQ\DWDNDQ
EHUOHSDV GLUL GDUL VLDSD VDMD \DQJ WLGDN PDX PDVXN ,VODP
6LDSD VDMD GDUL NDODQJDQ \DKXGL GDQ QDVUDQL \DQJ LQJLQ
VHODPDW GDQ EDKDJLD PDND VLODKNDQ PDVXN ,VODP GDQ
PHQJLNXWL5DVXODJDPD,VODP0XKDPPDGVROODOORKX¶DODLKLZD
VDOODP VHKLQJJD LD EHQDUEHQDU PHQMDGL SHQJLNXW 0XVD GDQ
,VD ¶DODLKLPDVVDODP .DUHQD 0XVD ,VD 0XKDPPDG GDQ
VHOXUXK XWXVDQ $OODK DGDODK RUDQJ ,VODP 0HUHND VHPXD
PHQ\HUX NHSDGD ,VODP VHEDE LWXODK DJDPD $OODK \DQJ
GLHPEDQNDQ1\D NHSDGD PHUHND 7LGDN VDK EDJL VLDSD VDMD
\DQJKLGXSVHWHODKGLXWXVQ\DSHQXWXSSDUDUDVXO0XKDPPDG
VROODOORKX ¶DODLKL ZD VDOODP KLQJJD EHUDNKLUQ\D GXQLD WLGDN
VDK EDJLQ\D PHQDPDNDQ GLUL VHEDJDL VHRUDQJ PXVOLP
PHQ\HUDK NHSDGD $OODK GDQ WLGDN DNDQ $OODK WHULPD
SHQJDNXDQQ\D LQL PHODLQNDQ MLND LD PHQJLPDQL 0XKDPPDG
VHEDJDL XWXVDQ UDVXO \DQJ GDWDQJ GDUL $OODK PHQJLNXWLQ\D
GDQ PHQJDPDONDQ $O 4XU·DQ \DQJ GLWXUXQNDQ ROHK $OODK
NHSDGDQ\D$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
Áèã þMôó¡ öð¥û¿ öðó ÂÊèä þMôó¡öð¦Ê¦¸ Êûàʦ«¢ç þôMó¡ù¦Ê¸«ö¬üï ùÊ òë@
ÐÎù¡Âøßñ >ö Ê·Á
$OODKWD·DODEHULPDQ
§¾¢m¡ > ¢üʽ õÇÊó¡öð ó ªÊÓÁ ʬøà Êû öðôߪøø« öðüʽ öðó ªôø ï õó¡@
Ш ¡ ú÷
0DNQD$\DW6HFDUD8PXP
$OODK 7D·DOD PHPEHULWDKXNDQ SDGD D\DW PXOLD \DQJ
GLWXUXQNDQ1\D NHSDGD SHQXWXS SDUD UDVXO 0XKDPPDG
VROODOORKX ¶DODLKL ZD VDOODP LQL GLPDQD EHOLDX EHUVDPD NDXP
PXVOLPLQ VHGDQJ PHQJHUMDNDQ ZXNXI GL $URIDK GL 0DNNDK
VDDWKDML:DGD·PHUHNDEHUPXQDMDWGDQEHUGRDNHSDGD$OODK
3HULVWLZD WHUVHEXW WHUMDGL GL DNKLU NHKLGXSDQ 5DVXO
0XKDPPDGVHWHODK$OODKPHPHQDQJNDQEHOLDX,VODPWHUVHEDU
OXDVGDQ$O4XU·DQWHODKWXUXQVHPSXUQD
'LLQXO$O+DT
$OODK PHQJDEDUNDQ EDKZD 'LD WHODK PHQ\HPSXUQDNDQ
XQWXNNDXPPXVOLPLQDJDPDQ\DGDQWHODKPHQ\HPSXUQDNDQ
DWDV PHUHND QLNPDW1\D \DLWX GHQJDQ GLXWXVQ\D 5DVXO
0XKDPPDGVROODOORKX¶DODLKLZDVDOODP GDQGLWXUXQNDQ1\D$O
4XU·DQ \DQJ DJXQJ NHSDGD EHOLDX $OODK PHQJDEDUNDQ EDKZD
'LD WHODK PHULGKRL ,VODP MDGL DJDPD EDJL PHUHND \DQJ WLGDN
DNDQ 'LD PXUNDL VHODPDQ\D GDQ WLGDN DNDQ 'LD WHULPD GDUL
VLDSDSXQDJDPDVHODLQQ\D
$OODK 7D·DOD PHQJDEDUNDQ EDKZD ,VODP \DQJ
GLHPEDQNDQ1\D NHSDGD 5DVXO1\D 0XKDPPDG XQWXN
VHOXUXKPDQXVLDPHUXSDNDQDJDPD\DQJVHPSXUQDXQLYHUVDO
ODJL UHOHYDQ XQWXN VHWLDS ]DPDQ WHPSDW GDQ XPDW ,VODP
PHUXSDNDQ DJDPD \DQJ SHQXK LOPX NHPXGDKDQ NHDGLODQ
GDQ NHEDLNDQ,VODPPHUXSDNDQNRQVHS\DQJMHODVVHPSXUQD
GDQ OXUXV XQWXN VHJDOD ELGDQJ NHKLGXSDQ ,VODP PHUXSDNDQ
DJDPD GDQ QHJDUD GLGDODPQ\D WHUGDSDW NRQVHS \DQJ EHQDU
XQWXN SHUXQGDQJXQGDQJDQ SHQJDGLODQ SROLWLN VRVLDO
HNRQRPL GDQ DSD VDMD \DQJ GLEXWXKNDQ PDQXVLD GDODP
NHKLGXSDQ PHUHND GL GXQLD $JDPD ,VODP LQLODK \DQJ
GLGDODPQ\DWHUGDSDWNHEDKDJLDQPHUHNDGLNHKLGXSDQ DNKLUDW
VHWHODKPDWL
5XNXQ,VODP
,EDGDKEHUDQHNDUDJDP
'LDQWDUDQ\D GRD \DLWX PHPRKRQ NHEXWXKDQ GLPDQD
KDQ\D $OODK \DQJ PDPSX PHODNXNDQQ\DVHSHUWL PHQXUXQNDQ
KXMDQPHQ\HPEXKNDQRUDQJVDNLWPHQJKLODQJNDQNHVXVDKDQ
\DQJ WLGDN PDPSX GLODNXNDQ ROHK PDNKOXN 6HSHUWL SXOD
PHPRKRQ VXUJD GDQ VHODPDW GDUL QHUDND PHPRKRQ
NHWXUXQDQUL]NLNHEDKDJLDDQGDQVHEDJDLQ\D
'LLQXO$O+DT
6HPXD LQL WLGDN EROHK GLPRKRQNDQ NHFXDOL NHSDGD
$OODK 6LDSD \DQJ PHPRKRQ KDO LWX NHSDGD PDNKOXN EDLN
PDVLKKLGXSDWDXVXGDKPDWLEHUDUWLLDWHODKPHQ\HPEDKQ\D
$OODK WD·DOD EHUILUPDQ PHPHULQWDKNDQ KDPEDKDPED1\D
VXSD\DEHUGRDKDQ\DNHSDGD1\DEHULNXWPHQJDEDUNDQEDKZD
GRDLWXVDWXEHQWXNLEDGDK6LDSD\DQJPHQXMXNDQQ\DNHSDGD
VHODLQ$OODKPDNDLDWHUPDVXNSHQJKXQLQHUDND´'DQ5REPX
EHUILUPDQ
>
ʸ« öðüß ÂÔó¡ æ
Ìï ùðÊôø ç ÊþÊû½ úÊ÷ ö¬øß Ã úÊÀóM¡ ¡ß½ ¡ Êòë@
ÒÓ¡ÂÇ¡
$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
'LLQXO$O+DT
´'DQVHVXQJJXKQ\DPDVMLGPDVMLGLWXDGDODKNHSXQ\DDQ
$OODK 0DND MDQJDQODK NDPX PHQ\HPEDK VHVHRUDQJSXQ GL
GDODPQ\DGLVDPSLQJPHQ\HPEDK$OODKµ -LQ
'LDQWDUDPDFDPLEDGDK0HQ\HPEHOLKELQDWDQJ
EHUQDG]DUGDQPHPSHUVHPEDKNDQKHZDQNXUEDQ
7LGDN VDK VHVHRUDQJ EHUWDTDUUXE GHQJDQ FDUD
PHQ\HPEHOLKELQDWDQJDWDXPHPSHUVHPEDKNDQKHZDQNXUEDQ
DWDXEHUQDG]DUNHFXDOLKDQ\DGLWXMXNDQNHSDGD$OODKVHPDWD
%DUDQJVLDSD PHQ\HPEHOLK NDUHQD VHODLQ $OODK VHSHUWL RUDQJ
\DQJ PHQ\HPEHOLK GHPL NXEXUDQ DWDX MLQ EHUDUWL LD WHODK
PHQ\HPEDKVHODLQ$OODKGDQEHUKDNPHQGDSDWODNQDW1\D
$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
î
ÊÂË ÎÓÏ [
øÊ ó¢àó¡£Á ÊþôMÊó Ê«¢ø÷
¢¸÷ ÊðÈ û Ê«Ï MùÊ òë@
õ¢àû ¡ ÎÓÐ >[ ÊøÊôÈøó¡ñ ¢û ©Â Ê÷ îÊóÀÊ¥ þó
5DVXOHH EHUVDEGD
Ò¨b¢èó¡ >[
Êà¬È
û í¢Ê ¾¦à û í¢Ê@
´+DQ\DNHSDGD0XNDPLPHQ\HPEDKGDQKDQ\DNHSDGD
0XNDPLPHPRKRQSHUWRORQJDQµ $O)DWLKDK
$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
5DVXOH EHUVDEGD
5DVXOH EHUVDEGD
$OODKWD DODEHUILUPDQ
úûð¬ó îôøß úئ¸ó ªïÂË úÊó îÊô¦ë úÊ÷ úÊÀóM¡óÊ îóÊ Ê· ¾ìó@
ÓÒÂ÷Äó¡ >ú ÊÂÊÇ¢¼ó¡úÊ÷
$OODKWD DODEHUILUPDQ
È¢ìÊó ¡³Â ù¢ïúø ç ¾Ê·¡ þóÊ öð óÊ ¢øû óÊ · öðô°Ê÷  ̥ ¢û ¢øûÊ òë@
ÎÎÍæ ðó¡ >¡¾·Êþ¥Á ʧ½ ¢¦ÊàÊ¥ íÊÂÌ ¢¸Êó¢Ïøß òøà ôçÊþ¥Á
ÑÑÂ÷Äó¡ >ù à³Â «ÊþóÊ ö¯ ÊÑÁó¡ Ê©¡¢øÈó¡îô ÷þó ¢àÊø³ ¨ß¢èÌó¡ÊþMôÊó òë@
)LUTRK1DML\DK
.DXP PXVOLPLQ LWX EDQ\DN GDODP NZDQWLWDV QDPXQ
VHEHQDUQ\D VHGLNLW 6HGDQJ NHORPSRNNHORPSRN \DQJ
PHQLVEDKNDQ GLUL NHSDGD ,VODP VDQJDW EDQ\DN PHQFDSDL
'LLQXO$O+DT
JRORQJDQ -XPODK NDXP PXVOLPLQ VDWX PLO\DU OHELK $NDQ
WHWDSL JRORQJDQ ,VODP \DQJ VHEHQDUQ\D KDQ\D VDWX \DLWX \DQJ
PHQWDXKLGNDQ$OODKWD·DODGDQPHQLWLGLDWDVMDODQ5DVXOXOODK
H GDQ VDKDEDWQ\D GDODP SHUNDUD DNLGDK GDQ DPDO VKDOHK
6HEDJDLPDQD KDO LWX WHODK GLNDEDUNDQ ROHK 5DVXO H GHQJDQ
VDEGDQ\D
+XNXPGDQ6\DULDW+DN3UHRJDWLI$OODK
0DNQD6\DKDGDW´0XKDPPDG5DVXOXOODKµ
$OODKWD·DODMXJDEHUILUPDQ
'LLQXO$O+DT
6HUXDQ
-LND DQGD WHODK PHQJHWDKXL PDNQD ¶/D ,ODDKD ,OODOODK
0XKDPPDGX5DVXOXOODK·GDQDQGDWHODKPHQJHWDKXLV\DKDGDW
LQL PHUXSDNDQ SLQWX ,VODP GDQ SRQGDVL GLEDQJXQQ\D ,VODP
8QWXN LWX XFDSNDQODK GDUL OXEXN KDWL DQGD VHFDUD WXOXV
NDUHQD $OODK ´6D\D EHUVDNVL WLGDN DGD ,OODK \DQJ EHUKDN
GLVHPEDK VHFDUD KDN PHODLQNDQ $OODK GDQ VD\D EHUVDNVL
0XKDPPDG XWXVDQ $OODKµ ODOX DSOLNDVLNDQODK PDNQD
V\DKDGDW LQL VXSD\D DQGD PHPSHUROHK NHEDKDJLDDQ GL GXQLD
'LLQXO$O+DT
GDQ DNKLUDW GDQ VXSD\D DQGD VHODPDW GDUL D]DE $OODK VHWHODK
PDWL
.HWDKXLODK EDKZD GLDQWDUD WXQWXWDQ V\DKDGDW ¶/D,ODDKD
,OODOODK 0XKDPPDGX 5DVXOXOODK· DGDODK PHQMDODQNDQ VLVD
UXNXQ,VODP\DQJODLQ.DUHQD$OODKPHZDMLENDQUXNXQUXNXQ
LQL NHSDGD VHRUDQJ PXVOLP VXSD\D LD EHULEDGDK NHSDGD1\D
GHQJDQ PHQMDODQNDQ UXNXQUXNXQ WHUVHEXW VHFDUD EHQDU GDQ
WXOXV LNKODV NDUHQD1\D VHPDWD 6LDSD PHQLQJJDONDQ VDODK
VDWX UXNXQ WHUVHEXW WDQSD DODVDQ \DQJ GLEHQDUNDQ V\DU·LDW
EHUDUWL LD WHODK PHQJXUDQJL PDNQD ¶/D ,ODDKD ,OODOODK· GDQ
V\DKDGDWQ\DGLDQJJDSWLGDNVDK
5XNXQ,VODP.HGXD6KRODW
.HWDKXLODK EDKZD UXNXQ ,VODP NHGXD DGDODK VKRODW
\DLWXVKRODWOLPDZDNWXVHKDULVHPDODP\DQJ$OODKV\DULDWNDQ
XQWXN PHQMDGL VDUDQD LQWHUDNVL DQWDUD $OODK GHQJDQ VHRUDQJ
PXVOLP GLPDQD LD EHUPXQDMDW GDQ EHUGRD NHSDGD1\D -XJD
XQWXN PHQMDGL VDUDQD SHQFHJDK EDJL VHRUDQJ PXVOLP GDUL
SHUEXDWDQ NHML GDQ PXQJNDU VHKLQJJD LD PHPSHUROHK
NHGDPDLDQ MLZD GDQ EDGDQ \DQJ GDSDW PHPEDKDJLDNDQQ\D GL
GXQLDGDQDNKLUDW
$OODKPHQV\DULDWNDQGDODPVKRODWVXFLEDGDQSDNDLDQ
GDQ WHPSDW \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ XQWXN VKRODW 0DND VHRUDQJ
PXVOLPPHPEHUVLKNDQGLULGHQJDQDLUVXFLGDULVHPXDEDUDQJ
QDMLV VHSHUWL DLU NHFLO GDQ EHVDU GDODP UDQJND PHQVXFLNDQ
EDGDQQ\DGDULQDMLVODKLUGDQKDWLQ\DGDULQDMLVEDWLQ
6KRODW PHUXSDNDQ WLDQJ DJDPD ,D VHEDJDL UXNXQ
WHUSHQWLQJ ,VODP VHWHODK GXD NDOLPDW V\DKDGDW 6HRUDQJ
PXVOLP ZDMLE PHPHOLKDUDQ\D VHPHQMDN XVLD EDOLJK GHZDVD
KLQJJDPDWL,DZDMLEPHPHULQWDKNDQQ\DNHSDGDNHOXDUJDGDQ
DQDNDQDNQ\D VHPHQMDN XVLD WXMXK WDKXQ GDODP UDQJND
PHPELDVDNDQQ\D$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
0DNQD8PXP.HGXD$\DW
3DGDD\DWSHUWDPD$OODKPHQJNKDEDUNDQEDKZDVKRODW
PHUXSDNDQ NHZDMLEDQ \DQJ VDQJDW GLWHJDVNDQ DWDV RUDQJ
RUDQJ PXNPLQ 0HUHND ZDMLE PHQXQDLNDQQ\D WHSDW SDGD
ZDNWXQ\D\DQJWHODKGLWHQWXNDQ
3DGD D\DW NHGXD $OODK 8 PHQJNKDEDUNDQ EDKZD
SHUNDUD\DQJ$OODKWLWDKNDQNHSDGDPDQXVLDGDQ'LDFLSWDNDQ
PHUHND GDODP UDQJNDSHUNDUD WHUVHEXW DGDODK VXSD\DPHUHND
PHQ\HPEDK1\D VHPDWD GDQ PHPXUQLNDQ LEDGDK PHUHND
NHSDGD1\DPHQGLULNDQVKRODWGDQPHQXQDLNDQ]DNDWNHSDGD
RUDQJRUDQJ\DQJEHUKDNPHQHULPD
6KRODW ZDMLE EDJL VHRUDQJ PXVOLP GDODP NRQGLVL
DSDSXQ KLQJJD SDGD NRQGLVL NHWDNXWDQ GDQ VDNLW ,D
PHQMDODQNDQ VKRODW VHVXDL NHPDPSXDQQ\D EDLN GDODP
NHDGDDQ EHUGLUL GXGXN PDXSXQ EHUEDULQJ KLQJJD VHNDOLSXQ
WLGDN PDPSX NHFXDOL VHNHGDU GHQJDQ LV\DUDW PDWD DWDX
KDWLQ\D PDND LD EROHK VKRODW GHQJDQ LV\DUDW 5DVXO H
PHQJNKDEDUNDQ EDKZD RUDQJ \DQJ PHQLQJJDONDQ VKRODW LWX
EXNDQODK VHRUDQJ PXVOLP HQWDK ODNL DWDX SHUHPSXDQ %HOLDX
EHUVDEGD
'LLQXO$O+DT
+XNXPKXNXPVKRODW
3HUWDPD VXFL 6HEHOXP VHRUDQJ PXVOLP PHPDVXNL
VKRODWQ\D KDUXV EHUVXFL GDKXOX ,D EHUVLKNDQ GXD OREDQJ
SHUWDPDWDPD MLND VHEHOXPQ\D LD NHQFLQJ DWDX EHUDN
NHPXGLDQEHUZXGKX
:XGKXLDPHQLDWNDQGDODPKDWLQ\DXQWXN EHUVXFLWDQSD
PHODIDG]NDQ QLDW .DUHQD $OODK 0DKD 0HQJHWDKXL GLULQ\D GDQ
'LLQXO$O+DT
5DVXO H VHQGLUL WLGDN SHUQDK PHODIDG]NDQQ\D .HPXGLDQ
PHPEDFD¶%LVPLOODK·ODOXEHUNXPXUNXPXUGDQPHQJKLUXSDLU
NH KLGXQJ GDQ PHQJHOXDUNDQQ\D 0HPEDVXK VHOXUXK
PXNDQ\D .HPXGLDQ PHPEDVXK NHGXD WDQJDQ KLQJJD OHQJDQ
GLPXODL GDUL WDQJDQ NDQDQ .HPXGLDQ PHQJXVDS VHOXUXK
NHSDODQ\D GHQJDQ WDQJDQQ\D EHULNXW PHQJXVDS NHGXD
WHOLQJDQ\D .HPXGLDQ PHPEDVXK NHGXD NDNLQ\D KLQJJD PDWD
NDNLGLPXODLGDUL\DQJNDQDQ
-LNDVHOHSDVEHUVXFLVHVHRUDQJNHOXDUDLUNHQFLQJEHUDN
DWDX NHQWXW DWDX KLODQJ NHVDGDUDQQ\D NDUHQD WLGXU DWDX
SLQJVDQ PDND LD PHQJXODQJL ODJL EHUVXFL MLND KHQGDN
PHQGLULNDQ VKRODW $SDELOD VHRUDQJ PXVOLP GDODP NHDGDDQ
MXQXEGLPDQDWHODKNHOXDUDLUPDQLNDUHQDV\DKZDWVHNDOLSXQ
ZDNWX WLGXU HQWDK ODNL DWDX SHUHPSXDQ PDND EHUVXFLQ\D
PDQGL GHQJDQ FDUD PHPEDVXK VHOXUXK EDGDQQ\D GDUL
MDQDEDK 6HGDQJNDQ ZDQLWD MLND WHODK VXFL GDUL KDLGK DWDX
QLIDV PDND LD KDUXV EHUVXFL GHQJDQ FDUD PDQGL PHPEDVXK
VHOXUXK EDGDQQ\D .DUHQD ZDQLWD KDLGK DWDX QLIDV WLGDN VDK
VKRODWQ\D GDQ WLGDN ZDMLE VKRODW KLQJJD EHUVXFL GDKXOX$OODK
WHODK PHPEHULNDQ NHULQJDQDQ EDJL NHGXDQ\D GHQJDQ WLGDN
SHUOX PHQJTRGKR· PHQJJDQWL VKRODW \DQJ GLWLQJJDONDQQ\D
VHODPD PDVD KDLGK GDQ QLIDV $GDSXQ VHODLQ LWX PDND ZDMLE
GLTRGKR DPDODQDPDODQ \DQJ GLWLQJJDONDQQ\D VHEDJDLPDQD
ODNLODNL
-LNDWLGDNDGDDLUDWDXPHPDNDLDLUELVDPHPEDKD\DNDQ
GLULQ\DVHSHUWLRUDQJVDNLWPDNDLDEHUVXFLGHQJDQWD\DPPXP
&DUD EHUWD\DPXP QLDW EHUVXFL GDODP KDWL PHPEDFD
%LVPLOODK NHPXGLDQ PHQHSXNNDQ NHGXD WDQJDQQ\D NH WDQDK
VHNDOL GDQ PHQJXVDSNDQQ\D NH PXND NHPXGLDQ PHQJXVDS
EDJLDQDWDVWDSDNNDQDQGHQJDQEDJLDQGDODPWDQJDQNLULGDQ
VHEDOLNQ\D PHQJXVDS EDJLDQ DWDVOXDU WDSDN NLUL GHQJDQ
EDJLDQ GDODP WDQJDQ NDQDQ 'HQJDQ GHPLNLDQ LD WHODK
EHUVXFL 7D\DPPXP LQL EHUODNX SXOD EDJLVHWLDSZDQLWDKDLGK
DWDX QLIDV MLND WHODK VXFL 'DQ EHUODNX EDJL RUDQJ \DQJ MXQXE
VHUWD\DQJLQJLQEHUZXGKXNHWLNDWLGDNPHQGDSDWNDQDLUDWDX
WDNXWPHQJJXQDNDQDLU
'LLQXO$O+DT
.HGXD6LIDW6KRODW
6KRODW )DMDU \DLWX GXD UHNDDW 6HRUDQJ 0XVOLP EDLN
ODNL DWDX SHUHPSXDQ PHQJKDGDS NH NLEODW \DLWX .D·EDK \DQJ
EHUDGD GL GDODP 0DVMLG $O +DUDP GL 0HNNDK ,D PHQLDWNDQ
GDODPKDWLQ\DKHQGDNPHQJHUMDNDQVKRODW)DMDU 6KXEXK GDQ
WDN SHUOX PHODIDG]NDQ QLDWQ\D .HPXGLDQ EHUWDNELU GHQJDQ
PHQJXFDSNDQ ´$OODKX $NEDUµ .HPXGLDQ PHPEDFD GRD
LVWLIWDKGLDQWDUDQ\D
5XNXQ,VODPNHWLJD=DNDW
$OODK WHODK PHPHULQWDKNDQ VHWLDS PXVOLP \DQJ PHPLONL
KDUWD PHQFDSDL QLVDE XQWXN PHQJHOXDUNDQ ]DNDW KDUWDQ\D
VHWLDS WDKXQ ,D EHULNDQ NHSDGD \DQJ EHUKDN PHQHULPD GDUL
NDODQJDQ IDNLU VHUWD VHODLQ PHUHND \DQJ ]DNDW EROHK
GLVHUDKNDQ NHSDGD PHUHND VHEDJDLPDQD WHODK GLWHUDQJNDQ
GDODP$O4XU·DQ
1LVKDE HPDV VHEDQ\DN PLWVTDO 1LVKDE SHUDN
VHEDQ\DN GLUKDP DWDX PDWD XDQJ NHUWDV \DQJ VHQLODL LWX
@.HFXDOLMLNDLQJLQPHQJLQJDWNDQVHRUDQJDWDXPHQMDZDEQ\DLDPHPEDFD
VXEKDDQDOORK GLEDFD XQWXN >PHQJLQJDWNDQ@ LPDP MLND VDODK GDODP JHUDNDQ
DWDX PHQDPEDK DWDX PHQJXUDQJL VXSD\D VDGDU GDQ GLNDWDNDQ SXOD XQWXN
RUDPJ\DQJPHPDQJJLOQ\DDGDSXQZDQLWDGHQJDQPHQHSXNWDQJDQGDQWLGDN
EHUELFDUDNDUHQDVXDUDQ\DILWQDK
'LLQXO$O+DT
%DUDQJEDUDQJ GDJDQJDQ GHQJDQ VHJDOD PDFDP MLND QLODLQ\D
WHODK PHQFDSDL QLVKDE ZDMLE SHPLOLNQ\D PHQJHOXDUNDQ
]DNDWQ\D PDQDNDOD WHODK EHUODOX VHWDKXQ 1LVKDE ELMLELMLDQ
GDQ EXDKEXDKDQ VKD· 5XPDK VLDS MXDO GLNHOXDUNDQ
]DNDW QLODLQ\D 6HGDQJ UXPDK VLDS VHZD VDMD GLNHOXDUNDQ
]DNDW XSDKQ\D .DGDU ]DNDW SDGD HPDV SHUDN GDQ EDUDQJ
EDUDQJ GDJDQJDQ VHWLDS WDKXQQ\D 3DGD ELMLELMLDQ GDQ
EXDKEXDKDQ GDUL \DQJ GLDLUL WDQSD NHVXOLWDQ VHSHUWL
\DQJ GLDLUL GHQJDQ DLU VXQJDL PDWD DLU \DQJ PHQJDOLU DWDX
KXMDQ 6HGDQJ SDGD ELMLELMLDQ \DQJ GLDLUL GHQJDQ VXVDK
VHSHUWL\DQJGLDLULGHQJDQDODW SHQLPEDDLU
:DNWX PHQJHOXDUNDQ ]DNDW ELMLELMLDQ GDQ EXDK
EXDKDQ NHWLND PDVD SDQHQ -LND PDVD SDQHQQ\D GDODP
VHWDKXQGXDDWDXWLJDNDOLPDNDZDMLEGL]DNDWLVHWLDSNDOLQ\D
%LQDWDQJ XQWD VDSL GDQ NDPELQJ QLODL ]DNDWQ\D WHODK
GLMHODVNDQ GDODP NLWDENLWDE KXNXP ,VODP PDND DQGD ELVD
PHUXMXNQ\D$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
¡« §Ðó¡ ¡øÊì È¢èü· ú¾ó¡ þ ó [ÊÐÊô¼÷ þ Môó¡ ¡¾¦àÊó ¢MóÊ ¡ÂÊ÷ ¢÷@
Ò¨ü¦ó¡ >Ê̈øì ó¡úʽ îÊó¿ §¢ïÄó¡
5XNXQ,VODP.HHPSDWSXDVD
3XDVD EXODQ 5RPDGKRQ \DLWX EXODQ NHVHPELODQ GDUL
EXODQKLMUDK
6LIDWSXDVD
6HRUDQJ PXVOLP EHUQLDW SXDVD VHEHOXP ZDNWX VXEXK
IDMDU WHUDQJ .HPXGLDQ PHQDKDQ GDUL PDNDQ PLQXP GDQ
MLPD· KXEXQJDQ ODLQ MHQLV KLQJJD WHUEHQDPQ\D PDWDKDUL
NHPXGLDQ EHUEXND ,D NHUMDNDQ KDO LWX VHODPD KDUL EXODQ
5RPDGKRQ 'HQJDQ LWX LDPHQJKHQGDNL ULGKR $OODK WD·DOD GDQ
EHULEDGDKNHSDGD1\D
'DODPSXDVDWHUGDSDWEHEHUDSDPDQIDDWWDNWHUKLQJJD
'LDQWDUD\DQJWHUSHQWLQJ
,D PHUXSDNDQ LEDGDK NHSDGD $OODK GDQ PHQMDODQNDQ
SHULQWDK1\D 6HRUDQJ KDPED PHQLQJJDONDQ V\DKZDWQ\D
PDNDQ GDQ PLQXPQ\D GHPL $OODK +DO LWX GLDQWDUD VDUDQD
WHUEHVDUPHQFDSDLWDTZDNHSDGD$OODKWD·DOD
$GDSXQPDQIDDWSXDVDGDULVXGXWNHVHKDWDQHNRQRPL
VRVLDO PDND DPDW EDQ\DN 7LGDN DGD \DQJ GDSDW
PHQJHWDKXLQ\D VHODLQ PHUHND \DQJ EHUSXDVD DWDV GRURQJDQ
DNLGDKGDQLPDQ$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
'LLQXO$O+DT
5XNXQ,VODP.HOLPD +DML
5XNXQ ,VODP NHOLPD DGDODK KDML NH EDLWXOODK $O KDUDP
VHNDOL VHXPXU KLGXS $GDSXQ OHELKQ\D PDND PHUXSDNDQ
WDWKDZZX·'DODPLEDGDKKDMLWHUGDSDWPDQIDDWWDNWHUKLQJJD
3HUWDPD KDML PHUXSDNDQ EHQWXN LEDGDK NHSDGD $OODK
WD·DODGHQJDQUXKEDGDQGDQKDUWD
.HGXD NHWLND KDML NDXP PXVOLPLQ GDUL VHJDOD SHQMXUX
GDSDW EHUNXPSXO GDQ EHUWHPX GL VDWX WHPSDW 0HUHND
PHQJHQDNDQ VDWX SDNDLDQ GDQ PHQ\HPEDK VDWX 5REE GDODP
VDWX ZDNWX 7LGDN DGD SHUEHGDDQ DQWDUD SHPLPSLQ GDQ \DQJ
GLSLPSLQ ND\D PDXSXQ PLVNLQ NXOLW SXWLK PDXSXQ NXOLW
KLWDP 6HPXD PHUXSDNDQ PDNKOXN GDQ KDPED $OODK
6HKLQJJD NDXP PXVOLPLQ GDSDW EHUWDDUXI VDOLQJ NHQDO GDQ
WDDZXQ VDOLQJ WRORQJ PHQRORQJ 0HUHND VDPDVDPD
PHQJLQJDW SDGD KDUL $OODK PHPEDQJNLWNDQ PHUHND VHPXDQ\D
GDQ PHQJXPSXONDQ PHUHND GDODP VDWX WHPSDW XQWXN
GLDGDNDQ KLVDE SHQJKLWXQJDQ DPDO VHKLQJJD PHUHND
PHQJDGDNDQSHUVLDSDQ XQWXNNHKLGXSDQVHWHODKPDWL GHQJDQ
PHQJHUMDNDQNHWDDWDQNHSDGD$OODKWD·DOD
0DNVXG GLV\DULDWNDQQ\D WKRZDI GLVHNHOLOLQJ .D·EDK
NLEODWNDXPPXVOLPLQ \DQJ$OODKSHULQWDKNDQ PHUHNDXQWXN
PHQJKDGDSNHSDGDQ\DVHWLDSNDOLVKRODWGLPDQDVDMDPHUHND
EHUDGD'DQPDNVXGDGDQ\DZXNXIGLEHEHUDSDWHPSDWODLQGL
0HNNDK SDGD ZDNWXZDNWXQ\D \DQJ WHODK GLWHQWXNDQ VHSHUWL
$UDIDW0X]GDOLIDKGDQWLQJJDOGL0LQD0DNVXGGDULVHPXDLWX
DGDODK EHULEDGDK NHSDGD $OODK WD·DOD GL WHPSDWWHPSDW \DQJ
GLVXFLNDQLWXVHVXDLNRQGLVL\DQJGLSHULQWDKNDQROHK$OODK
$GDSXQ ND·EDK LWX VHQGLUL GDQ WHPSDWWHPSDW WHUVHEXW
VHUWDVHPXDPDNKOXNPDNDWLGDNEROHKGLLEDGDKLWLGDNGDSDW
PHQGDWDQJNDQ PDQIDDW GDQ PDGKDUDW 1DPXQ LEDGDK LWX
KDQ\DODK XQWXN $OODK VHPDWD <DQJ GDSDW PHQGDWDQJNDQ
PDQIDDW GDQ PDGKDUDW KDQ\DODK $OODK VHPDWD 6HNLUDQ\D
$OODK WLGDN PHPHULQWDKNDQ XQWXN KDML NH %DLWXOODK QLVFD\D
WLGDN GLEHQDUNDQ VHRUDQJ PXVOLP PHODNXNDQ LEDGDK KDML
'LLQXO$O+DT
6HEDELEDGDKLWXEXNDQGHQJDQDNDOSLNLUDQGDQKDZDQDIVX
1DPXQ LD PHUXSDNDQ NHZDMLEDQ \DQJ $OODK SHULQWDKNDQ
GDODPNLWDE1\DPDXSXQGDODPVXQQDK5DVXO1\DVDZ$OODK
WD·DODEHUILUPDQ
´EDUDQJVLDSDKDMLQDPXQWLGDNEHU]LDUDKNHSDGDNXPDND
LDWHODKPHQMDXKGDULNXµLWXWLGDNEHQDUEDKNDQKDGLWVWHUVHEXW
GLGXVWDNDQDWDVQDPD5DVXOVDZ
6HGDQJ]LDUDK\DQJGLV\DULDWNDQ\DQJNDUHQDQ\DEROHK
GLODNXNDQ KDQ\DODK ]LDUDK NH PDVMLG -LND VHRUDQJ \DQJ
EHU]DLDUDK WHODK VDPSDL NH PDVMLG GDQ PHQJHUMDNDQ VKRODW
WDKL\DWXOPDVMLGGLGDODPQ\DPDNDEDUXVDDWLWXGLVXQQDKNDQ
EDJLQ\DXQWXN]LDUDKNHPDNDP1DELVDZGDQPHQ\DPSDLNDQ
VDODP NHSDGD EHOLDX GHQJDQ PHQJXFDSNDQ ´.HVHMDKWHUDDQ
VHQDQWLDVD WHUOLPSDKNDQ NHSDGD (QJNDX ZDKDL 5DVXOXOODKµ
GHQJDQ SHQXK VRSDQ VDQWXQ PHOLULKNDQ VXDUD VHUWD WLGDN
EROHK PHPLQWD NHSDGD EHOLDX DSDSXQ $NDQ WHWDSL VHNHGDU
'LLQXO$O+DT
PHQJXFDSNDQ VDODP ODOX SHUJL VHEDJDLPDQD \DQJ EHOLDX
SHULQWDKNDQ NHSDGD XPDWQ\D GDQ VHEDJDLPDQD SXOD \DQJ
GLNHUMDNDQ ROHK SDUD VDKDEDW ²VHPRJD $OODK PHULGKRL PHUHND
VHPXD
$GDSXQRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJEHUGLULGLGHSDQPDNDPQDEL
VDZGHQJDQSHQXKNKXV\X·VHEDJDLPDQDPHUHNDEHUGLULGDODP
VKRODW 0HUHND PHPLQWD VHJDOD KDMDW PHUHND NHSDGD EHOLDX
DWDX PHPRKRQ EDQWXDQ NHSDGD EHOLDX DWDXSXQ PHQMDGLNDQ
EHOLDX VHEDJDL SHQHQJDK GL KDGDSDQ $OODK PDND PHUHND LWX
RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ WHODK PHQ\HNXWXNDQ $OODK WD·DOD VHGDQJ
1DELEHUOHSDVGLULGDULPHUHND+HQGDNQ\DVHWLDSPXVOLPKDWL
KDWL GDUL EHUEXDW VHSHUWL LWX WHUKDGDS 1DEL VDZ PDXSXQ
WHUKDGDS VHODLQ EHOLDX .HPXGLDQ VHWHODK LWX EHU]LDUDK NH
PDNDP VDKDEDW $EX %DNDU GDQ 8PDU VHPRJD $OODK PHULGKRL
NHGXDQ\D.HPXGLDQEHU]DLDUDKNHNXEXUDQ%DTLGDQPDNDP
V\XKDGD· =LDUDK NH NXEXUDQ NDXP PXVOLPLQ \DQJ
GLV\DULDWNDQ \DLWX ]LDUDK GLPDQD VHRUDQJ \DQJ GDWDQJ
PHQJXFDSNDQVDODPNHSDGDRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJPHQLQJJDOODOX
PHQGRDNDQ PHUHND NHSDGD $OODK GDQ PHQJLQJDW PDWL VHWHODK
LWXSHUJL
,QLODK VLIDW KDML GDQ XPUDK 3HUWDPDWDPD VHRUDQJ
\DQJ KHQGDN KDML PHPLOLK KDUWD \DQJ EDLN ODJL KDODO GDQ
VHRUDQJ PXVOLP PHQMDXKL SHQGDSDWDQ \DQJ GLKDUDPNDQ
6HEDE KDUWD KDUDP SHQ\HEDE GLWRODNQ\D KDML GDQ GRD
VHVHRUDQJ'DODPVHEXDKKDGLWV5DVXOVDZGLVHEXWNDQ
þ¥D Á¢üó¢çª¸Çú÷ª¦ûökòï
0LTDWPLTDW
-LND WHODK VDPSDL NH PLTDW PDND PHPXODL LKUDP GDUL
VLWX PDQDNDOD LD GDWDQJ PHQJHQGDUDL PRELO DWDX VHMHQLVQ\D
-LND GL GDODP SHVDZDW WHUEDQJ PDND LD PHPXODL LKUDP
'LLQXO$O+DT
PDQDNDOD WHODK PHQGHNDW GDUL PLTDW VHEHOXP PHOHZDWLQ\D
%HEHUDSDPLTDW\DQJ1DELVDZPHPHULQWDKNDQPDQXVLDXQWXN
EHULKUDPGDULVLWXDGDOLPD<DLWX
']XO+XODLIDK $E\DU$OL EDJLSHQGXGXN0DGLQDK
-XKIDK GHNDW5DELJK EDJLSHQGXGXN6\DP0HVLUGDQ
0DJKULE 0DURNR
4RUQXO 0DQD]LO 6DLO DWDX :DGL 0XKULP EDJL
SHQGXGXN 1DMG 7KRLI GDQ VLDSD VDMD \DQJ GDWDQJ PHOHZDWL
DUDKVDQD
']DWL¶,UTEDJLSHQGXGXN,UDT
<DODPODPEDJLSHQGXGXN<DPDQ
%DUDQJVLDSD PHOHZDWL PLTDWPLTDW LQL VHODLQ GDUL
SHQGXGXNQ\DPDNDWHPSDWWHUVHEXWPHQMDGLPLTDWQ\DGLPDQD
LD EHULKUDP GDULQ\D 3HQGXGXN 0HNNDK \DQJ WHPSDW WLQJJDO
PHUHNDVHEHOXPPLTDWEHULKUDPGDULUXPDKPDVLQJPDVLQJ
6LIDW LKUDP 'LVXQQDKNDQ PHPEHUVLKNDQ GLUL EHUVXFL
GDQ PHPDNDL ZHZDQJLDQ VHEHOXP EHULKUDP .HPXGLDQ
PHQJHQDNDQSDNDLDQLKUDPGLPLTDW2UDQJ\DQJPHQJHQGDUDL
SHVDZDW WHUEDQJ EHUVLDSVLDS GDUL QHJDUDQ\D ODOX PHPXODL
EHUQLDW GDQ EHUWDOEL\DK MLND PHQGDNDWL PLTDW DWDX VHMDMDU
GHQJDQQ\D 3DNDLDQ LKUDP EDJL ODNLODNL DGDODK VDUXQJ GDQ
VHOHQGDQJ WDQSD GLMDKLW XQWXN GLNHQDNDQ SDGD WXEXKQ\D GDQ
WLGDN PHQXWXSL NHSDODQ\D 6HGDQJ ZDQLWD WLGDN DGD SDNDLDQ
NKXVXV XQWXN LKUDPQ\D +DQ\D VDMD ZDQLWD VHODPDQ\D ZDMLE
PHQJHQDNDQ SDNDLDQ OXDV ODJL PHQXWXS VHOXUXK WXEXKQ\D
\DQJWLGDNVDPSDLPHQLPEXONDQILWQDKGDODPNRQGLVLDSDSXQ
NHWLNDWHUOLKDWROHKPDQXVLD-LNDWHODKEHULKUDPLDWLGDNEROHK
PHQJHQDNDQ VHVXDWX EHUMDKLW SDGD PXND GDQ NHGXD WDSDN
WDQJDQQ\D VHSHUWL SHQXWXS PXND GDQ NDRV WDQJDQ 1DPXQ
MLND PHOLKDW ODNLODNL LD KDUXV PHQXWXS PXNDQ\D GHQJDQ
XMXQJ VHOHQGDQJ \DQJ DGD GL NHSDODQ\D VHEDJDLPDQD \DQJ
GLSHUEXDWXPPDKDWXOPXNPLQLQ LVWULLVWULQDEL GDQLVWULLVWUL
SDUDVDKDEDW5DVXOVDZ
.HPXGLDQ VHWHODK VHRUDQJ KDML PHQJHQDNDQ SDNDLDQ
LKUDP LD EHUQLDW GDODP KDWLQ\D XQWXN XPUDK NHPXGLDQ
PHQJXFDSNDQQ\D GDODP WDOEL\DK VHUD\D EHUNDWD ´$OODKXPPD
/DEEDLND 8PUDWDQµ GDQ EHUWDPDWWX· KLQJJD KDML 7DPDWWX·
LQLODK \DQJ SDOLQJ XWDPD NDUHQD 5DVXO VDZ PHPHULQWDKNDQ
'LLQXO$O+DT
GDQ PHQHNDQNDQQ\D NHSDGD SDUD VDKDEDW EHOLDX 'DQ EHOLDX
PDUDK WHUKDGDS RUDQJ \DQJ ELPEDQJ GDODP PHODNVDQDNDQ
SHULQWDKQ\D .HFXDOL EDJL \DQJ PHPEDZD KDG\ ELQDWDQJ
NXUEDQ PDND LD PHQJHUMDNDQ TLURQ VHEDJDLPDQD \DQJ 1DEL
VDZ ODNXNDQ 2UDQJ \DQJ EHUKDML 4LURQ \DLWX RUDQJ \DQJ
PHQJXFDSNDQ GDODP WDOEL\DKQ\D ´$OODKXPPD ODEEDLND
XPUDWDQ ZD KDMMDQµ GDQ WLGDN PHODSDVNDQ LKUPDQ\D KLQJJD
PHQ\HPEHOLK ELQDWDQJ NXUEDQQ\D SDGD KDUL ,HGXO NXUEDQ
6HGDQJ RUDQJ \DQJ EHUKDML ,IURG EHUQLDW KDML VDMD GHQJDQ
PHQJXFDSNDQ´$ODKXPPDODEEDLNDKDMMDQµ
+DOKDO\DQJGLODUDQJEDJLVHRUDQJ\DQJLKUDP
-LNDVHRUDQJPXVOLPWHODKPHQLDWNDQLKUDPPDNDKDUDP
EDJLQ\D
-LPD·GDQKDOKDO\DQJELVDPHQGRURQJNHVDQDVHSHUWL
PHQFLXP PHPHJDQJ GLVHUWDL V\DKZDW PHPELFDUDNDQ KDO LWX
PHODPDU ZDQLWD PHQJDGDNDQ DNDG QLNDK 6HRUDQJ \DQJ
LKUDPWLGDNEROHKPHQLNDKPDXSXQGLQLNDKNDQ
0HQFXNXUUDPEXWDWDXPHQJDPELOQ\D
0HPRWRQJNXNX
0HQXWXS NHSDOD EDJL ODNLODNL GHQJDQ VHVXDWX \DQJ
PHQHPSHO $GDSXQ EHUQDXQJ GHQJDQ SD\XQJ NHPDK GDQ
PRELOPDNDWLGDNPHQJDSD
0HPDNDLZHZDQJLDQDWDXPHQFLXPZHZDQJLDQ
%HUEXUX ELQDWDQJ GDUDW 7LGDN PHPEXUXQ\D PDXSXQ
PHQXQMXNNDQQ\D
/DNLODNL PHQJHQDNDQ VHVXDWX \DQJ EHUMDKLW GDQ
ZDQLWD PHQJDQDNDQ VHVXDWX \DQJ EHUMDKLW XQWXN PXND GDQ
NHGXD WDSDN WDQJDQQ\D /DNLODNL EROHK PHQJHQDNDQ VDQGDO
MLND PHPDQJ WLGDN PHQGDSDWL VDQGDO EROHK PHQJHQDNDQ
VHSDWX NKXI ERW -LND PHQJHUMDNDQ VHVXDWX GDUL ODUDQJDQ
ODUDQJDQ LQL NDUHQD WLGDN WDKX DWDX OXSD PDND VHJHUD
PHOHSDVNDQ\DGDQWLGDNDGDGRVDEDJLQ\D
-LND VHRUDQJ \DQJ EHULKUDP WHODK VDPSDL NH .D·EDK
PDNDLDPHODNXNDQWKRZDITXGXPVHEDQ\DNSXWDUDQ0XODL
GDUL JDULV OXUXV KDMDU DVZDG ,QL VHNDOLJXV PHUXSDNDQ WKRZDI
XPUDKQ\D'DQWKRZDIWLGDNPHPSXQ\DLGRDNKXVXVWHWDSLLD
EHUG]LNLU NHSDGD $OODK GDQ EHUGRD GHQJDQ VHELVDQ\D
'LLQXO$O+DT
.HPXGLDQ VHWHODK LWX PHQJHUMDNDQ VKRODW GXD URNDDW WKRZDI
GLEHODNDQJ PDTDP MLND PHPXQJNLQNDQ .DODXSXQ WLGDN
PHPXQJNLQNDQ PDND GL EDJLDQ PDQD VDMD GDUL +DUDP
.HPXGLDQVHWHODKLWXNHOXDUNHWHPSDWVD·L'LPXODLGDUL6KRID
GHQJDQPHQGDNLQ\DODOXPHQJKDGDSNHNLEODWPHQJXFDSNDQ
WDNELU GDQ WDKOLO VHUWD EHUGRD .HPXGLDQ EHUMDODQ NH 0DUZD
GHQJDQPHQGDNLEXNLW0DUZDPHQJKDGDSNHNLEODWEHUWDNELU
EHUG]LOLUNHSDGD$OODKGDQEHUGRD.HPXGLDQNHPEDOLNH6KRID
KLQJJD JHQDS SXWDUDQ 3HUJLQ\D GLKLWXQJ VHNDOL GDQ
SXODQJQ\DVHNDOL.HPXGLDQVHWHODKLWXPHPHQGHNNDQUDPEXW
NHSDODQ\D 6HGDQJ ZDQLWD PHQJDPELO GDUL VHOXUXK XMXQJ
UDPEXWQ\D VHXNXUDQ XMXQJ MDULQ\D 'HQJDQ LQL VHOHVDL VXGDK
RUDQJ \DQJ EHUKDMLWDPDWWX· GDUL XPUDKQ\D GDQ LDEHUWDKDOOXO
GDUL XPUDKQ\D PHOHSDV NDLQ LKUDPQ\D 6HPXD \DQJ
GLKDUDPNDQEDJLQ\DNHWLNDLKUDPWHODKKDODO
-LND VHRUDQJ ZDQLWD PHQJDODPL KDLGK DWDX PHODKLUNDQ
VHEHOXPLKUDPDWDXVHVXGDKQ\DPDNDLDEHUXEDKPHQMDGLKDML
TRULQ 0HQJXFDSNDQ WDOEL\DK GHQJDQ XPUDK GDQ KDML VHWHODK
EHUQLDWLKUDPVHEDJDLPDQDSDUDKDML\DQJODLQ.DUHQDKDLGK
GDQ QLIDV WLGDN PHQFHJDK GDUL LKUDP PDXSXQ ZXNXI GL
WHPSDWWHPSDW PDV\D·LU 1DPXQ NHGXDQ\D KDQ\D PHQFHJDK
WKRZDI GL %DLW VDMD 6HKLQJJD LD EROHK EHUEXDW VHPXD \DQJ
GLSHUEXDW SDUD KDML NHFXDOL WKRZDI ,D PHQXQGD GXOX WKRZDI
LQL KLQJJD PHQJDODPL VXFL -LND WHUQ\DWD WHODK VXFL VHEHOXP
PDQXVLD PHODNXNDQ LKUDP XQWXN KDML GDQ NHOXDU NH 0LQD
PDND LD PDQGL PHQJHUMDNDQ WKRZDI VDL PHPHQGDNDQ
UDPEXW NHSDODQ\D VHUWD EHUWDKDOOXO GDUL LKUDP XPUDKQ\D
.HPXGLDQ EHULKUDP EHUVDPDVDPD PDQXVLD XQWXN KDML MLND
PHUHND PHQJHUMDNDQ LKUDP SDGD KDUL NHGHODSDQ ']XOKLMMDK
-LND PDQXVLD EHULKUDP XQWXN KDML VHEHOXP LD VXFL PDND LD
PHQMDGL KDML 4RULQ 0HQJXFDSNDQ WDOEL\DK EHUVDPD PHUHND
GDODP NHDGDDQ LKUDPQ\D 0HQJHUMDNDQ VHPXD \DQJ
GLNHUMDNDQSDUDKDMLGDULNHOXDUNH0LQDZXNXIGL$UDIDKGDQ
0X]GDOLIDK PHORQWDU MXPUDK PHQ\HPEHOLK NXUEDQ GDQ
PHPHQGDNNDQ UDPEXW NHSDODQ\D SDGD KDUL LHG NXUEDQ -LND
WHODK VXFL PDND LD PDQGL PHQJHUMDNDQ WKRZDI KDML GDQ VDL
KDML
'LLQXO$O+DT
7KRZDI GDQ VDL LQL VXGDK FXNXS XQWXN KDML GDQ
XPUDKQ\D VHEDJDLPDQD \DQJ GLDODPL $LV\DK 8PPXO
PXNPLQLQ UDGKL\DOODKX DQKD GDQ 1DEL VDZ
PHPEHULWDKXNDQQ\D EDKZD WKRZDI GDQ VDLQ\D VHWHODK VXFL
VXGDK FXNXS XQWXN KDML GDQ XPUDKQ\D NHWLND LD WHODK
PHQJHUMDNDQ WKRZDI LIDGKRK EHUVDPDVDPD PDQXVLD GDQ VDL
6HEDE RUDQJ \DQJ EHUKDML 4RULQ PHQJJDEXQJ DQWDUD XPUDK
GDQ KDMLQ\D VHSHUWL RUDQJ EHUKDML ,IUDG GLPDQD KDQ\D ZDMLE
VDWX WKRZDI GDQ VDWX VDL VDMD EHUGDVDUNDQ NHWHUDQJDQ 5DVXO
VDZ NHSDGD $LV\DK PHQJHQDL KDO LWX GDQ EHUGDVDUNDQ
SHUEXDWDQGDQVDEGDEHOLDXGDODPKDGLWVODLQ\DQJEHUEXQ\L
¨÷¢ìó¡õD²k¡? §Âøàó¡ªô»½
,0$1
$OODKWD·DODWHODKPHZDMLENDQDWDVVHRUDQJPXVOLPVHODLQ
EHULPDQ NHSDGD1\D MXJD XQWXN EHULPDQ NHSDGD 5DVXO1\D
GDQ UXNXQUXNXQ ,VODP $OODK PHZDMLENDQ DWDVQ\D EHULPDQ
NHSDGD PDODLNDWPDODLNDW1\D NLWDENLWDE1\D \DQJ 'LD
WXUXQNDQNHSDGDSDUD5DVXO1\DVHUWD\DQJ'LDWXWXSGHQJDQ
$O 4XU·DQ 'HQJDQ $O 4XU·DQ $OODK WHODK PHQJKDSXV NLWDE
NLWDE WDGL GDQ PHQMDGLNDQ $O 4XU·DQ VHEDJDL SHPHOLKDUD
VHPXDNLWDENLWDEWHUVHEXW-XJDPHZDMLENDQEHULPDQNHSDGD
UDVXOUDVXO $OODK GDUL \DQJ SHUWDPD KLQJJD SDOLQJ DNKLU \DLWX
0XKDPPDG VDZ VHEDE ULVDODK PLVL PHUHND VDWX GDQ DJDPD
PHUHNDVDWX\DLWX,VODP'DQ\DQJPHQJXWXVPHUHNDSXQVDWX
\DLWX$OODK5REEVHPHVWDDODP6HRUDQJPXVOLPZDMLEEHULPDQ
NHSDGD SDUD 5DVXO \DQJ $OODK VHEXWNDQ GDODP $O 4XU·DQ
VHEDJDL UDVXOUDVXO $OODK NHSDGD XPDWXPDW GDKXOX 'DQ
ZDMLEEHULPDQNHSDGD0XKDPPDGVHEDJDLSHQXWXSSDUDUDVXO
VHNDOLJXV UDVXO XWXVDQ $OODK NHSDGD VHOXUXK PDQXVLD GDQ
'LLQXO$O+DT
PDQXVLD VHWHODK GLXWXVNDQ1\D EHOLDX VHPXDQ\D VHEDJDL
XPDWQ\D KLQJJD RUDQJ \DKXGL GDQ QDVUDQL GDQ SHPHOXN
DJDPDDJDPD \DQJ ODLQ VHODLQ PHUHND .DUHQD VHPXD RUDQJ
\DQJ DGD GL PXND EXPL PHUXSDNDQ XPDW 0XKDPPDG \DQJ
PHQGDSDWNDQNHKDUXVDQGDUL$OODKXQWXNPHQJLNXWLQ\D
0XVD,VDGDQVHOXUXKSDUDUDVXOEHUOHSDVGLULGDULVLDSD
VDMD \DQJ WLGDN PDX PHQJLNXWL 0XKDPPDG GDQ WLGDN PDX
PDVXN,VODP.DUHQDVHRUDQJ\DQJPXVOLPPHQJLPDQLVHOXUXK
UDVXO VHNDOLJXV SHQJLNXW PHUHND 6HGDQJ VLDSD \DQJ WLGDN
EHULPDQ NHSDGD 0XKDPPDG GDQ PHQJLNXWLQ\D VHUWD WLGDN
PDX PDVXN ,VODP EHUDUWL LD NDILU WHUKDGDS VHOXUXK UDVXO GDQ
PHQGXVWDNDQ PHUHND NHQGDWL LD PHQJDNX SHQJLNXW VDODK
VHRUDQJ GDUL UDVXOUDVXO LWX 'DOLOGDOLO GDUL ILUPDQ $OODK
PHQJHQDLKDOLWXWHODKGLVHEXWNDQSDGDEDENHGXD5DVXOVDZ
EHUVDEGDGDODPKDGLWVQ\D
0DNQDLPDQNHSDGDWDTGLU
'LLQXO$O+DT
6HRUDQJ PXVOLP PH\DNLQL EDKZD $OODK WD·DOD WHODK
PHQJHWDKXL VHJDOD VHVXDWX GDQ PHQJHWDKXL VHPXD SHUEXDWDQ
KDPED VHEHOXP GLFLSWDNDQ1\D ODQJLW GDQ EXPL /DOX $OODK
PHQXOLVLOPXLWXGL/DXKPDKIXG]GLVLVL1\D6HRUDQJPXVOLP
VDGDU EDKZD DSD \DQJ $OODK NHKHQGDNL SDVWL WHUMDGL GDQ DSD
\DQJ WLGDN 'LD NHKHQGDNL WLGDN DNDQ WHUMDGL ,D VDGDU EDKZD
$OODK WD·DOD PHQFLSWDNDQ KDPED GDODP UDQJND PHQWDDWL1\D
GDQ WHODK $OODK WHUDQJNDQ KDO LWX NHSDGD PHUHND $OODK
SHULQWDKNDQ KDO LWX NHSDGD PHUHND GDQ PHODUDQJ PHUHND
EHUPDNVLDW NHSDGD1\D $OODK MXJD PHQHUDQJNDQ NHSDGD
PHUHND EDKZD 'LD WHODK PHQFLSWDNDQ EDJL PHUHND TXGUDK
NHPDPSXDQ GDQ PDV\LDK NHKHQGDN \DQJ PHQMDGLNDQ
PHUHND PDPSX XQWXN PHQMDODQNDQ SHULQWDKSHULQWDK $OODK
VHKLQJJD PHUHND GDSDW PHPSHUROHK SDKDOD VHNDOLJXV PDPSX
PHQJHUMDNDQNHPDNVLDWDQNHPDNVLDWDQNHSDGD$OODKVHKLQJJD
PHUHNDEHUKDNPHQGDSDWVLNVD
0DV\LDK NHKHQGDN KDPED PHQJLNXW PDV\LDK
NHKHQGDN $OODK WD·DOD $GDSXQ WDTGLU \DQJ $OODK WLGDN
PHQJDGDNDQ EDJL KDPED1\D NHKHQGDN GDQ LNKWL\DU
NHPDXDQ VHQGLUL GDODP WDTGLU WHUVHEXW QDPXQ $OODK
PHPEHUODNXNDQQ\D NHSDGD KDPED NHQGDWL DGD LURGDK
NHPDXDQ GDUL PHUHND VHSHUWL PLVDOQ\D NHVDODKDQ WDN
VHQJDMD OXSD GDQ DSD \DQJ PHUHND GLSDNVD PHODNXNDQQ\D
MXJD VHSHUWL NHIDTLUDQ VDNLW GDQ PXVLEDK VHUWD VHPLVDOQ\D
PDND $OODK WLGDN DNDQ PHPSHUKLWXQJNDQ DWDXSXQ
PHQMDWXKNDQ KXNXPDQ NHSDGD PDQXVLD EHUGDVDUNDQ KDO LWX
%DKNDQ $OODK DNDQ PHQJJDQMDUQ\D GHQJDQ SDKDOD EHVD DWDV
PXVLEDK\DQJPHQLPSDNHIDTLUDQGDQVDNLWMLNDLDVDEDUGDQ
ULGKR GHQJDQ WDTGLU $OODK 6HPXD \DQJ WHODK GLWHUDQJNDQ LQL
ZDMLEEDJLVHRUDQJPXVOLPPHQJLPDQLQ\D
.DXP PXVOLPLQ \DQJ SDOLQJ EHVDU NHLPDQDQQ\D NHSDGD
$OODK SDOLQJ GHNDW NHSDGD1\D VHUWD SDOLQJ WLQJJL GHUDMDWQ\D
GL VXUJD DGDODK NDXP PXKVLQLQ RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ EHUEXDW
LKVDQNHEDMLNDQ \DLWX PHUHND \DQJ EHULEDGDK NHSDGD $OODK
PHQJDJXQJNDQ1\D VHUWD NKXV\X· GL KDGDSDQ1\D VHDNDQ
DNDQ PHUHND PHOLKDW1\D 0HUHND WLGDN EHUPDNVLDW NHSDGD
$OODKEDLNNHWLNDVHQGLULDQPDXSXQGDODPNHUDPDLDQ0HUHND
PH\DNLQL EDKZD $OODK PHOLKDW PHUHND GLPDQDSXQ PHUHND
'LLQXO$O+DT
EHUDGD GDQ WLGDN DGD VHGLNLWSXQ GDUL SHUEXDWDQ SHUNDWDDQ
GDQ QLDW PHUHND \DQJ WHUVHPEXQ\L GDUL $OODK 6HKLQJJD
PHUHND PHQDDWL SHULQWDK1\D GDQ PHQLQJJDONDQ SHUEXDWDQ
PDNVLDW NHSDGD1\D -LND VDWX NHVDODKDQ \DQJ PHQ\HOLVLKL
SHULQWDK $OODK PHQLPSD VDODK VHRUDQJ PHUHND PDND LD
VHJHUD EHUWDXEDW NHSDGD $OODK GHQJDQ VXQJJXKVXQJJXK
PHQ\HVDOL NHVDODKDQQ\D ODOX PHPLQWD DPSXQ NHSDGD $OODK
GDQWLGDNPHQJXODQJLQ\DNHPEDOL$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
´6HVXQJJXKQ\D$OODKEHVHUWDRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJEHUWDTZD
GDQRUDQJRUDQJ\DQJEHUEXDWLKVDQ NHEDLNDQ µ 6XUDW$QQDKO
.HVHPSXUQDDQ'LQ,VODP
$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
'LLQXO$O+DT
$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
ÂÌ
¥ ¨ø· Á
¾ÿ ÇË Oòð Êó ¢û¢¦Ê« £¢¬Êðó¡ î
ôß ¢üóÄû@
ÕÖ¨ ¡ ú÷ ò¸üó¡ >[ ÊøÊôÈøô Êó
%$%.((03$7
.RQVHS,VODP
3HUWDPD.RQVHS,VODP0HQJHQDL,OPX3HQJHWDKXDQ
.HZDMLEDQ SHUWDPD \DQJ $OODK SHULQWDKNDQ NHSDGD
PDQXVLDDGDODKPHPSHODMDULLOPX$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
ö ôà þôMó¡ Ê©¢üÊ÷ø ó¡ [ÊüÊ÷ø ô Êó îʦûÀ Êó ÂÊèä¬Ç ¡ þMôó¡ ¢MóÊ þóÊ þû öôߢç@
ÎÖ¾øp >öï ¡°÷ öð¦Môì¬÷
´0DND NHWDKXLODK GDSDWNDQODK LOPX EDKZD VHVXQJJXKQ\D
WLGDN DGD LODK \DQJ EHUKDN GLVHPEDK VHFDUD KDN PHODLQNDQ
$OODK GDQ PRKRQODK DPSXQDQ EDJL GRVDPX GDQ EDJL GRVD
RUDQJRUDQJ PXNPLQ ODLODNL GDQ SHUHPSXDQ 'DQ $OODK
PHQJHWDKXL WHPSDW NDPX EHUXVDKD GDQ WHPSDW WLQJJDOPXµ
0XKDPPDG
$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
ù ôøà « ¢øÊ¥ þMôó¡ Ç©¢³Á ½ ö ô Êàó¡ ¡« úÊÀóM¡ öðüÊ÷ ¡ü÷ ú ÊÀóM¡ þ Môó¡ ÊÞçÂ@
ÎΨ ¡ ú÷ ¨ó½¢¡ >Z ʦ»
'LLQXO$O+DT
´$OODK DNDQ PHQLQJJLNDQ RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ EHULPDQ GL
DQWDUDPX GDQ RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ GLEHUL LOPX SHQJHWDKXDQ
EHEHUDSDGHUDMDWµ $O0XMDGLODK
$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
1DEL0XKDPPDGVDZEHUVDEGDGDODPKDGLWVVKDKLK
öôÈ÷òïôߨÔÂçöôàó¡¤ô×
¤ï¡ðó¡Â¢ÇôßÁ¾¦ó¡¨ôó Âøìó¡òÔèïòÿ¢j¡ôßC¢àó¡òÔç
.HGXD.RQVHS,VODP0HQJHQDL3HUVRDODQ$TLGDK
.H\DNLQDQ
¡û¢ï ó þóÇÁ þMôó¡½¢·ú÷ ù½¡ ÊÂÊ»ó¡Êõ ó¡ ÊþôMó¢Ê¥ ùüÊ÷ ¢÷ë ¾Ê´«@
öÿ ¾ ù¢{Êó¡ ö Ê Ê¥ôë Êç ¤¬ï î
Êó ö «ZÊÌß ö û¡»Ê öÿÈ¢ü¥ öÿÈ¢¥
ö üß þMôó¡ ÊÓÁ ¢ Êç úʾÊó¢» Á ¢ ûó¡ ¢ ʬ¸« úÊ÷ Ê´« Ç©¢ü³ ö ôÊ»¾ þüÊ÷ ǵÂÊ¥
ÏϨ󽢡 >ù ¸Êôèøó¡öÿ ÊþôMó¡£Ä Ê· MùÊ ÊþôMó¡£Ä Ê· îÊó þüß ¡ÓÁ
ÎШ ¡ ú÷ ©¡Â´k¡ >Z ʦ» öÊôßþôMó¡MùÊ öï¢ì« ÊþMôó¡¾üÊß öð÷ Âï MùÊ@
ú÷ §¾¢m¡ > Êù¡¾à ó¡ Êö¯Êó¡ ôß ¡û¢à« ì¬ó¡ Âʦó¡ ôß ¡û¢à«@
Ϩ ¡
$OODKEHUILUPDQ
Îͨ ¡ ú÷ ©¡Â´k¡ > öð » ú¥ ¡¸ÊôÏç § »Ê ùüÊ÷ ø ó¡¢øûÊ@
'LLQXO$O+DT
´6HVXQJJXKQ\D RUDQJRUDQJ PXNPLQ LWX EHUVDXGDUD
NDUHQDLWXGDPDLNDQODKDQWDUDNHGXDVDXGDUDPXµ $O+XMXUDW
$OODKEHUILUPDQ
5DVXOXOODKVDZEHUVDEGD
´:DKDLPDQXVLDVHVXQJJXKQ\D5REENDOLDQDGDODKVDWX
EDSDNNDOLDQDGDODKVDWX.HWDKXLODKWLGDNDGDNHOHELKDQEDJL
RUDQJ $UDE DWDV QRQ $UDE DWDXSXQ QRQ $UDE DWDV RUDQJ $UDE
'DQ WLGDN DGD NHOHELKDQ RUDQJ NXOLW KLWDP DWDV NXOLW PHUDK
PDXSXQNXOLWPHUDKDWDVNXOLWKLWDPPHODLQNDQGHQJDQWDTZD
6XGDKNDK DNX VDPSDLNDQ" 3DUD VDKDEDW PHQQ\DKXW
´5DVXOXOODKEHQDUWHODKPHQ\DPSDLNDQµ
%HOLDXMXJDEHUVDEGD
5DVXOXOODKVDZEHUVDEGD
.HGHODSDQ.RQVHS,VODP0HQJHQDL.HEHEDVDQ
'LLQXO$O+DT
3HPEDWDO.HLVODPDQLWX%DQ\DN'LDQWDUDQ\D
$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
ÎÐ ÇZÊøØ Êë úÊ÷ ùðÊôø ¢÷ÊþÊû½ úÊ÷ ùß¾ « úÊÀóM¡ îô øó¡þó öð¥Á þMôó¡öð Êó¿@
ù Âèð Ê̈÷¢Êìó¡ õ öðó ¡¥¢´¬Ç ¡ ¢÷ ¡àÊøÇ ó öïȢ߽ ¡àøÈ
öÿß¾ « ùÊ
'LLQXO$O+DT
%.HEHEDVDQEHUSHQGDSDW
$OODK PHPEHULNDQ NHEHEDVDQ EHUSHQGDSDW GDODP ,VODP
GHQJDQ V\DUDW SHQGDSDW WHUVHEXW WLGDN GLEDUHQJL GHQJDQ
PHQDILNDQ DMDUDQDMDUDQ ,VODP 2OHK NDUHQD LWX $OODK
PHPHULQWDKNDQ VHRUDQJ PXVOLP XQWXN PHQ\DWDNDQ NDOLPDW
NHEHQDUDQ GL KDGDSDQ VLDSD VDMD WDQSD WDNXW FHODDQ RUDQJ
\DQJ PHQFHOD GL MDODQ $OODK GDQ PHQMDGLNDQKDOLWX WHUPDVXN
EHQWXN MLKDG SDOLQJ XWDPD $OODK PHPHULQWDKNDQ VHRUDQJ
PXVOLPXQWXNPHQDVHKDWLSDUDSHPLPSLQNDXPPXVOLPLQGDQ
PHQFHJDK PHUHND GDUL KDOKDO \DQJ GLODUDQJ $OODK MXJD
PHPHULQWDKNDQQ\D SXOD XQWXN PHPEDQWDK GDQ PHQFHJDK
RUDQJ \DQJ PHQ\HUX NHSDGD NHEDWKLODQ <DQJ GHPLNLDQ LQL
PHUXSDNDQ DWXUDQ \DQJ SDOLQJ DJXQJ QDQ LQGDK GHPL
PHQJKDUJDL SHQGDSDW $GDSXQ SHQGDSDW \DQJ PHQ\HOHVLKL
V\DULDW $OODK PDND RUDQJ \DQJ PHORQWDUNDQQ\D WLGDN
GLSHUNHQDQNDQ XQWXN PHQDPSDNNDQ SHQGDSDWQ\D LWX NDUHQD
DNDQPHUXVDNGDQPHPHUDQJLNHEHQDUDQ
&.HEHEDVDQLQGLYLGX
$OODK PHPEHULNDQ GDODP ,VODP NHEHEDVDQ LQGLYLGX
GDODP EDWDVEDWDV V\DULDW ,VODP \DQJ VXFL 8QWXN LWX $OODK
PHQMDGLNDQ EDJLRUDQJ ² ODNLPDXSXQ SHUHPSXDQ NHEHEDVDQ
XQWXN PHODNXNDQ LQWHUDNVL GHQJDQ\DQJ ODLQ VHSHUWL MXDO EHOL
KLEDK ZDNDI GDQ PHPDDINDQ %HULNXW $OODK PHPEHULNDQ
NHEHEDVDQ EDJL VHWLDS RUDQJ ODNLODNL GDQ ZDQLWD XQWXN
'LLQXO$O+DT
PHPLOLK SDVDQJDQ KLGXSQ\D 0DVLQJPDVLQJ WLGDN EROHK
GLSDNVD XQWXN PHQLNDK GHQJDQ RUDQJ \DQJ WLGDN
GLVHQDQJLQ\D 3DGD VDDW VHRUDQJ ZDQLWD PHPLOLK OHODNL \DQJ
WLGDN VHSDGDQ GHQJDQ DJDPDQ\D PDND WLGDN EROHK
PHUHVWXLQ\DGHPLPHQMDJDDNLGDKGDQNHPXOLDQQ\D/DUDQJDQ
,QLGHPLNHPDVODKDWDQZDQLWDWHUVHEXWGDQNHOXDUJDQ\D
:DOL VHRUDQJ ZDQLWD \DLWX ODNLODNL \DQJ WHUGHNDW
GHQJDQQ\D VHFDUD QDVDE DWDX \DQJ PHQMDGL ZDNLOQ\D GLDODK
\DQJ PHZDNLOL DNDG QLNDKQ\D 6HEDE VHRUDQJ ZDQLWD WLGDN
EROHK PHQLNDKNDK GLULQ\D VHQGLUL GLNDUHQDNDQ KDO LWX
PHQ\HUXSDL ZDQLWD SHODFXU :DOL WDGL PHQJDWDNDQ NHSDGD
FDORQ PHPSHODL ODNL ´$NX QLNDKNDQ NDPX GHQJDQ IXODQDKµ
/DOX FDORQ PHPSHODL ODNL PHQMDZDE ´6D\D WHULPD QLNDK LQLµ
$NDGLQLGHQJDQGLKDGLULGXDVDNVL
,VODP WLGDN PHPSHUNHQDQNDQ VHRUDQJ PXVOLP
PHODPSDXLEDWDV\DQJWHODKGLV\DULDWNDQROHK$OODKXQWXNQ\D
GLPDQD LD GDQ VHJDOD \DQJ GLD SXQ\DL DGDODK PLOLN $OODK
VHKLQJJD WLQJNDK ODNXQ\D KDUXV GDODP EDWDVEDWDV V\DULDW
$OODK \DQJ WHODK GLWHQWXNDQ1\D VHEDJDL EHQWXN UDKPDW EDJL
KDPED1\D %DUDQJVLDSD EHUSHJDQJ WHJXK GHQJDQQ\D DNDQ
PHQGDSDW SHWXQMXN GDQ EDKDJLD VHGDQJ VLDSD \DQJ
PHQ\HOHVLKLQ\D QLVFD\D FHODND GDQ ELQDVD 2OHK NDUHQDQ\D
$OODK GHQJDQ VDQJDW WHJDV PHQJKDUDPNDQ ]LQD GDQ OLZDWK
KRPRVHN VHUWD PHQJKDUDPNDQ VHRUDQJ PXVOLP PHODNXNDQ
WLQGDNDQ EXQXK GLUL GDQ PHUXEDK FLSWDDQ $OODK \DQJ WHODK
$OODK MDGLNDQ SDGD EHQWXNQ\D $GDSXQ PHQFXNXU NXPLV
PHPRWRQJ NXNX PHQFXNXU EXOX NHPDOXDQ PHQFDEXW EXOX
NHWLDN VHUWD NKLWDQ PDND KDO LWX $OODK \DQJ
PHPHULQWDKNDQQ\D
$OODK MXJD PHQJKDUDPNDQ DWDV VHRUDQJ PXVOLP XQWXN
PHQ\HUXSDL PXVXKPXVXK $OODK GDODP KDOKDO \DQJ PHQMDGL
FLUL NKDV PHUHND .DUHQD WDV\DEXK WLQGDNDQ PHQ\HUXSDL
PHUHND GDQ PHQFLQWDL PHUHND SDGD KDOKDO \DQJ ODKLU GDSDW
PHQJDNLEDWNDQWDV\DEXKGDQPHQFLQWDLPHUHNDGLGDODPKDWL
6HGDQJNDQ $OODK PHQJLQJLQNDQ VHRUDQJ PXVOLP XQWXN
PHQMDGL VXPEHU SHPLNLUDQ ,VODP \DQJ EHQDU GDQ EXNDQ
PHQJLPSRU SHPLNLUDQ GDQ SHQGDSDW PDQXVLD $OODK
PHQJLQJLQNDQ VHRUDQJ PXVOLP XQWXN PHQMDGL TXGZDK
'LLQXO$O+DT
WHODGDQ \DQJ EDLN GDQ EXNDQ RUDQJ \DQJ WDNOLG PHQJHNRU
RUDQJODLQ
$GDSXQ KDOKDO \DQJ EHUNDLWDQ GHQJDQ SURGXNVL GDQ
SHQJDODPDQSHQJDODPDQ NHWUDPSLODQ \DQJ EHQDU PDND ,VODP
PHPHULQWDKNDQ XQWXN PHPSHODMDUL GDQ PHQJDPELOQ\D
VHNDOLSXQ WHODK GLGDKXOXL ROHK RUDQJ QRQ ,VODP .DUHQD $OODK
ODK<DQJPHQJDMDULPDQXVLD$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
'.HEHEDVDQWHPSDWWLQJJDO
$OODKWD·DODPHPEHULNDQEDJLVHRUDQJPXVOLPNHEHEDVDQ
EHUWHPSDW WLQJJDO 8QWXN LWX WLGDN EROHK VHRUDQJSXQ PDVXN
WDQSD VHLMLQQ\D GDQ WLGDN EROHK PHOLKDW NH GDODP UXPDKQ\D
WDQSDVHLMLQQ\D
(.HEHEDVDQPHQFDULSHQJKDVLODQKLGXS
$OODK PHPEHULNDQ EDJL VHRUDQJ PXVOLP NHEHEDVDQ
PHQFDUL SHQJKDVLODQ KLGXS EHULNXW PHQJHOXDUNDQ QDINDK
GDODP EDWDVEDWDV \DQJ WHODK GLV\DULDWNDQ XQWXNQ\D 8QWXN
LWX $OODK PHPHULQWDKNDQQ\D EHNHUMD GDQ EHUSHQJKDVLODQ
VXSD\DGDSDWPHQFXNXSLGLULQ\DGDQNHOXDUJDQ\DGDQVXSD\D
LDGDSDWEHULQIDTSDGDMDODQNHEDLNDQ3DGDZDNWX\DQJVDPD
$OODK PHQJKDUDPNDQ DWDVQ\D SHQJKDVLODQSHQJKDVLODQ \DQJ
GLKDUDPNDQ VHSHUWL ULED ORWUH VRJRN PHQFXUL XSDK
SHUGXNXQDQ VLKLU ]LQD GDQ KRPRVHN $OODK MXJD
PHQJKDUDPNDQ KDVLO MXDODQ EDUDQJEDUDQJ \DQJ GLKDUDPNDQ
VHSHUWLKDVLOMXDOSDWXQJSDWXQJ\DQJPHPLOLNLQ\DZDNKRPHU
EDEL DODWDODW SHUPDLQDQ \DQJ GLKDUDPNDQ VHUWD XSDK
PHQ\DQ\LGDQPHQDUL6HEDJDLPDQDSHQJKDVLODQGDULVXPEHU
'LLQXO$O+DT
VXPEHU LQL GLKDUDPNDQ GHPLNLDQ SXOD PHPEHODQMDNDQ KDUWD
XQWXN LWX MXJD GLKDUDPNDQ 8QWXN LWX VHRUDQJ PXVOLP WLGDN
GLEHQDUNDQ PHPEHODQMDNDQ KDUWD VHGLNLWSXQ PHODLQNDQ SDGD
MDODQ\DQJGLV\DULDWNDQ,QLPHUXSDNDQSRVLVLWHUWLQJJLGDODP
PHPEHULNDQ QDVHKDW SHWXQMXN VHUWD SHUEDLNDQ EDJL PDQXVLD
GDODP SHUNDUD SHQJKDVLODQ GDQ FDUD PHPEHODQMDNDQQ\D
VXSD\D LD GDSDW KLGXS VHFDUD ND\D GHQJDQ SHQJKDVLODQ KDODO
QDQVHFDUDEDKDJLD
.HVHPELODQ.RQVHS,VODP0HQJHQDL.HOXDUJD
$OODK WD·DOD PHPEHULNDQ DWXUDQ EDJL NHOXDUJD GDODP
V\DULDW ,VODP VHFDUD VHPSXUQD GLPDQD GDSDW PHUHDOLVDVLNDQ
IDNWRUIDNWRU NHEDKDJLDDQ EDJL RUDQJRUDQJ \DQJ PDX
PHQJDPELOQ\D $OODK PHQV\DULDWNDQ LKVDQ EHUEXDW EDLN
NHSDGDNHGXDRUDQJWXD D\DKGDQLEX GHQJDQEHUNDWDOHPEXW
PHQJXQMXQJLQ\D VHFDUD UXWLQ MLND LD MDXK GDUL NHGXDQ\D
EHUNKLGPDW NHSDGD NHGXDQ\D PHPHQXKL VHPXD
NHEXWXKDQQ\D PHPEHUL EHODQMD NHGXDQ\D PHPEHULQ\D
WHPSDW WLQJJDO MLND NHGXDQ\D IDTLU DWDX VDODK VDWX GDUL
NHGXDQ\D $OODK PHPEHULNDQ DQFDPDQ VLNVD EDJL VLDSD \DQJ
PHQHODQWDUNDQ NHGXD RUDQJ WXDQ\D GDQ PHQMDMLNDQ RUDQJ
\DQJ EHUEXDW LKVDQ NHSDGD NHGXDQ\D GHQJDQ NHEDKDJLDDQ
$OODK PHQV\DULDWNDQ SHUQLNDKDQ GDQ PHQMHODVNDQ GDODP
NLWDE1\D KLNPDK GLV\DULDWNDQQ\D QLNDK PHODOXL OLVDQ 5DVXO
1\DVDZ'LDQWDUDQ\D
'HQJDQ QLNDK DNDQ GLSHUROHK IDNWRU WHUEHVDU
WHUMDJDQ\D NHVXFLDQ GLUL GDQ PHQMDJD NHPDOXDQ GDUL \DQJ
KDUDP ]LQD VHUWD PHQMDJD PDWD GDUL PHPDQGDQJ \DQJ
KDUDP
'HQJDQ QLNDK DNDQ GLSHUROHK NHWHQWUDPDQ GDQ
NHWHQDQJDQ EDJL VXDPL LVWUL GDUL SDVDQJDQQ\D PDVLQJPDVLQJ
NDUHQD $OODK PHQMDGLNDQ DQWDUD NHGXDQ\D PDZDGDK
NHFLQWDDQ GDQUDKPDK NDVLKVD\DQJ
'HQJDQ QLNDK NZDQWLWDV NDXP PXVOLPLQ DNDQ
EHUWDPEDK EDQ\DN VHVXDL GHQJDQ V\DULDW GLPDQD GLGDODPQ\D
DGDNHVXFLDQGDQNHEDLNDQ
'HQJDQ QLNDK PDVLQJPDVLQJ VXDPL LVWUL GDSDW
PHOD\DQL SDVDQJDQQ\D NHWLND PDVLQJPDVLQJ PHQMDODQNDQ
'LLQXO$O+DT
WXJDV \DQJ VHODUDV GHQJDQ WDELDWQ\D VHEDJDLPDQD \DQJ
GLFLSWDNDQROHK$OODKWD·DOD
6HRUDQJ ODNLODNL EHNHUMD GL OXDU UXPDK GDQ PHQFDUL
SHQJKDVLODQ VXSD\D GDSDW PHPEHUL EHODQMD LVWUL GDQ DQDN
DQDNQ\D6HGDQJVDQJLVWULEHNHUMDGLGDODPUXPDK,DKDPLO
PHQ\XVXL PHQGLGLN DQDNDQDN GDQ PHQ\LDSNDQ KLGDQJDQ
PDNDQ EDJL VXDPLQ\D UXPDK GDQ WHPSDW WLGXU $SDELOD
VXDPLQ\D PDVXN UXPDK GDODP NHDGDDQ FDSHN PDND DNDQ
VHJHUD KLODQJ UDVD FDSHNQ\D GHQJDQ PHOLKDW LVWUL GDQ DQDN
DQDNQ\D 6HKLQJJD VHPXD DQJJRWD NHOXDUJD GDSDW KLGXS
EDKDJLDGDQWHQWUDP
7LGDN PHQJDSD LVWUL WXUXW PHQGDPSLQJL VXDPLQ\D ²MLND
NHGXD PHPDQJ VDOLQJ PHULGKRL XQWXN PHODNXNDQ EHEHUDSD
SHNHUMDDQ \DQJ GDSDW PHPEHULNDQ KDVLO XQWXN GLULQ\D
DWDXSXQ XQWXN PHPEDQWX VXDPLQ\D PHQGDSDWNDQ
SHQJKDVLODQ1DPXQKDOLWXGHQJDQV\DUDWSHNHUMDDQ\DQJGLD
ODNXNDQ MDXK GDUL ODNLODNL GLPDQD WLGDN EHUFDPSXU GHQJDQ
PHUHND+DOLWXVHSHUWLSHNHUMDDQ\DQJDGDGLGDODPUXPDKQ\D
DWDX GL VDZDK PLOLNQ\D DWDXSXQ VDZDK PLOLN VXDPL DWDX
NHOXDUJDQ\D $GDSXQ SHNHUMDDQ\DQJPHQJDNLEDWNDQLDKDUXV
EHUFDPSXU EDXU GHQJDQ ODNLODNL GL SDEULN NDQWRU WRNR DWDX
\DQJ VHPLVDOQ\D PDND \DQJ GHPLNLDQ LQL WLGDN GLEROHKNDQ
XQWXN ZDQLWD 'DQ WLGDN EROHK EDJL VXDPLQ\D DWDX RUDQJ
WXDQ\D GDQ NHUDEDWQ\D PHUHVWXLQ\D VHNLUDQ\D GLULQ\D UHOD
PHODNXNDQKDOLWX.DUHQDKDOLWXDNDQGDSDWPHQMHUXPXVNDQ
GLULQ\D GDQ PDV\DUDNDW GDODP NHUXVDNDQ 8QWXN LWX VHODPD
ZDQLWD WHUMDJD GDQ WHUSHOLKDUD GL GDODP UXPDKQ\D WDQSD
GLSHUOLKDWNDQ WHUKDGDS NDXP ODNL PDND LD DNDQ VHQDQWLDVD
GDODP NHDPDQDQ GDQ WDN DNDQ GLVHQWXK ROHK WDQJDQWDQJDQ
GRVD GDQ WLGDN SXOD GLOLKDW ROHK PDWD NHUDQMDQJ $GDSXQ MLND
ZDQLWD NHOXDU GLWHQJDK PDQXVLD PDND VDDW LWX LD OHQ\DS GDQ
MDGLODK LD EDN GRPD EHUDGD GLDQWDUD JHURPERODQ VHULJDOD
7LGDN PHQXQJJX ZDNWX VHMHQDN PHODLQNDQ RUDQJRUDQJ MDKDW
LWXWHODKPHUREHNUREHNNHKRUPDWDQGDQKDUJDGLULQ\D
-LND VHRUDQJ VXDPL EHOXP PHUDVD FXNXS GHQJDQ VDWX
LVWUL PDND $OODK WHODK PHPEROHKNDQQ\D XQWXN SROLJDPL
VDPSDL HPSDW VDMD 'HQJDQ V\DUDW KDUXV DGD VLNDS DGLO
GLDQWDUD LVWULLVWULQ\D PHQXUXW NDGDU NHPDPSXDQQ\D EHUXSD
'LLQXO$O+DT
WHPSDW WLQJJDO QDIDTRK GDQ JLOLUDQ $GDSXQ NHFLQWDDQ KDWL
PDNDWLGDNGLV\DUDWNDQKDUXVDGLONDUHQDKDOLWXSHUNDUD\DQJ
WLGDN GLPLOLNL VHVHRUDQJ GDQ LD WLGDN GLFHOD NDUHQD KDO LWX
.HDGLODQ \DQJ $OODK QDILNDQ NHPDPSXDQQ\D ROHK PDQXVLD
GHQJDQILUPDQ1\D
.HVHSXOXK.RQVHS,VODP0HQJHQDL.HVHKDWDQ
6\DULDW ,VODP GDWDQJ PHPEDZD VHPXD SULQVLSSULQVLS
NHGRNWHUDQ 'DODP $O 4XU·DQ GDQ KDGLWVKDGLWV 5DVXO VDZ
WHUGDSDW SHQMHODVDQ PHQJHQDL EDQ\DN SHQ\DNLW NHMLZDDQ GDQ
EDGDQ VHNDOLJXV PHQMHODVNDQ WKHUDSLQ\D \DQJ EHUVLIDW PDWHULO
GDQPRULO$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
>¡Á¢È» ¢MóÊ [ÊøÊó¢MÜó¡¾ÊÄ [ÊüÊ÷ø ô Êó ¨ø· Á Æ¢èÊË ÿ ¢÷ÊùÂìó¡úÊ÷ ñÄ üû@
ÕÏ¡ÂÇ¡
GDQEHOLDXEHUVDEGD
'LLQXO$O+DT
õ¡Âk¢¥¡¡¾« ¡½¢¦ß¡¾«
Ê£¢¸Ï úÊ÷ ¡ûðÊó þ¥ÄÊ· ß¾ ¢øûÊ ¡ ¾ ß ýÀʼ«¢ç ¾ ß öðó ù¢ØÌó¡MùÊ@
ÓÂ×¢ç >ÊZÊàÈó¡
)LUPDQ$OODKWD·DOD
¢øÊ¥ Zʦ» þMôó¡MùÊ þMôó¡¡ì«¡ Ǿä Êó ª÷¾ë ¢÷Æèû ÂÜü¬ó þôMó¡¡ì«¡¡ü÷úÊÀóM¡¢ ¢@
ù ìÊÇ¢èó¡ ö ÿ îÊó ö È èû öÿ¢Èûç þôMó¡ ¡Èû úÊÀMó¢ï ¡ûð« ÎÕ ù ôøà «
ÏÍ >ù ÄÊ¢èó¡öÿ Ê̈ ü´ó¡£¢¸Ï Ê̈ ü´ó¡£¢¸Ï ÊÁ¢üó¡£¢¸Ï Ê¬È ÎÖ
$OODKWD·DODEHUILUPDQ
¨ ¦Êë¢àó¡ ¡½¢Èç ÊÑÁó¡Êç ¡ ôßù¾Ê úÊÀôMÊó ¢ ôà´û §Â Ê»ó¡Á¡¾ó¡îô Ê«@
ÕÐÎÐìó¡ >[ Êì¬øô Êó
öÿ  ³ö üÊÄ´üó ¨¦× §¢· þüʸüôçúÊ÷ ÷ ÿ °û ÇÂï¿ úÊ÷ ¢¸Êó¢ÏòÊøß ú÷@
ÖÔò¸üó¡ >ù ôøà ¡û¢ï ¢÷ÊúÈ · Ê¥
)$6$/.(/,0$
0HQ\LQJNDS.HVDODKIDKDPDQ
.HEDQ\DNDQ\DQJEHUEXDWNHEXUXNDQWHUKDGDS,VODPDGD
GXDJRORQJDQ
.HGXD6XPEHUVXPEHU,VODP
0DG]KDEPDG]KDE,VODP
6HPXD NDXP PXVOLPLQ DWDV VDWX PDG]KDE \DLWX ,VODP
UHIUHQVL PHUHND DGDODK $O4XU·DQ GDQ KDGLWV 5DVXO VDZ
DGDSXQ \DQJ GLQDPDNDQ 0DG]DKLE ,VODPL\\DK VHSHUWL
PDG]KDE\DQJHPSDW+DQEDOL0DOLNL6\DIL·,GDQ+DQDILWLDGD
ODLQ\DQJGLPDNVXGNDQDOLUDQSHPLNLUDQ)LTK,VODP\DQJSDUD
XODPD WHUVHEXW PHQJDMDUNDQ GL GDODPQ\D PXULGPXULG
PHUHND GDQ VHWLDSPXULGGDUL RUDQJ ¶DOLP NDLGDKNDLGDK GDQ
PDVDODKPDVDODK \DQJ PHUHND LVWLPEDWNDQ GDUL D\DWD\DW
$O4XU·DQ GDQ KDGLWVKDGLWV 5DVXO PDND PDVDODKPDVDODK LQL
GLQLVEDKNDQNHSDGDQ\DGDQ
GLEHUL QDPD VHEDJDL PDG]KDEQ\D GL NHPXGLDQ KDUL PDND
'LLQXO$O+DT
PDG]KDEPDG]KDE WHUVHEXW EHUVHSDNDW GDODP SULQVLSSULQVLS
,VODP VHPXD VXPEHUQ\D $O4XU·DQ GDQ KDGLWVKDGLWV 5DVXO
GDQ DSD \DQJ GLGDSDWNDQ GDUL SHUEHGDDQ PDND KDO LWX
PDVDODK PDVDODK FDEDQJ \DQJ MDUDQJ VHPXD XODPD
PHPHULQWDKNDQ PXULGPXULGQ\D XQWXN PHQJDPELO XFDSDQ
\DQJ GLGXNXQJ ROHK QDV 4XU·DQ DWDX KDGLWV ZDODXSXQ
GLNDWDNDQROHKRUDQJODLQ
6HRUDQJ PXVOLP WLGDN GLKDUDXVNDQ PHQJLNXWL VDODK VDWX
GDULQ\DPHODLQNDQGLKDUXVNDQPHUXMXNNHSDGD$O4XU·DQGDQ
KDGLWV DGDSXQ DSD \DQJ WHUMDWXK NHEDQ\DNDQ RUDQJRUDQJ
\DQJ WHUJRORQJ SHQJLNXW PDG]KDEPDG]KDE WHUVHEXW GDODP
SHQ\HOHZHQJDQ PDVDODK DTLGDK GHQJDQ DSD \DQJ PHUHND
ODNXNDQ GL NXEXUDQ VHSHUWL WKRZDI GHQJDQQ\D GDQ PLQWD
SHUWRORQJDQ GHQJDQ SHQJKXQLQ\D GDQ DSD \DQJ PHUHND
WHUMDWXK GL GDODP PHQWD·ZLONDQ VLIDWVLIDW $OORK GHQJDQ
PHPDOLQJNDQ PDNQDQ\D GDUL GKRKLUQ\D PDND VHVXQJJXKQ\D
PHUHND WHODK PHQ\DODKL LPDPLPDP PHUHND GDODP DTLGDK
NDUHQD DTLGDK SDUD LPDP DGDODK DTLGDK VDODI VKROLK \DQJ
WHODKGLVHEXWNDQ GDODPPDVDODKILUTRKQDML\DK>JRORQJDQ\DQJ
VHODPDW@
)LUTRKILUTRKNHOXDUGDUL,VODP
$MDNDQ.HSDGD.HVHODPDWDQ
:DKDL RUDQJ \DQJ EHUDNDO EDLN ODNL PDXSXQ
SHUHPSXDQ \DQJ EHOXP PDVXN ,VODP«««««NHSDGDPXODK
DNX WXMXNDQ VHUXDQ NHSDGD NHVHODPDWDQ GDQ NHEDKDJLDDQ
DNXNDWDNDQ
6HODPDWNDQ GLULPX GDUL DG]DE $OORK <DQJ 0DKD 7LQJJL
VHWHODKPDWLGLNXEXUDQNHPXGLDQGLQHUDNDMDKDQQDP
6HODPDWNDQ GLULPX GHQJDQ ,PDQ NHSDGD $OORK VHEDJDL
5REE GHQJDQ 0XKDPPDG VHEDJDL 5DVXO GHQJDQ ,VODP
VHEDJDL V\LVWLP KLGXS NDWDNDQDGHQJDQSHQXK NHMXMXUDQ
¡ ñÇÁ ¾øp ¡ þó ODD LODDKD LOODOORK PXKDPPDGDU
5DVXOXOORKWLGDNDGDLODK\DQJEHUKDNGLVHPEDKNHFXDOL$OORK
GDQ 0XKDPPDG DGDODK XWXVDQ $OORK VKRODWODK OLODP ZDNWX
WXQDLNDQ ]DNDW SXDVD EXODQ 5RPDGKRQ KDMLODK NH EDLWXOORK
$O+DURPMLNDHQJNDXPDPSXSHUMDODQDQQ\D
8PXPNDQODK NHLVODPDQPX NHSDGD $OORK
VHVXQJJXKQ\D WLGDN DGD NHVHODPDWDQ EDJLPX GDQ MXJD WLGDN
DGDNHEDKDJLDDQNHFXDOLGHQJDQLWX
6HVXQJJXK VD\D EHUVXPSDK XQWXNPX GHQJDQ $OORK
<DQJ $JXQJ \DQJ WLGDN DGD LODDK NHFXDOL 'LD EDKZD ,VODP LQL
GLDODK DJDPD \DQJ KDT \DQJ $OORK WLGDN PHQHULPD GDUL
'LLQXO$O+DT
VHRUDQJSXQ VHDOLQQ\D GDQ VD\D SHUVDNVLNDQ NHSDGD $OORK
0DODLNDW1\D GDQ VHOXUXK PDNKOXT1\D EDKZD WLGDN DGD ,ODDK
NHFXDOL $OORKGDQ VHVXQJJXKQ\D 0XKDPPDG DGDODK XWXVDQ
$OORK GDQ VHVXQJJXKQ\D ,VODP DGDODK \DQJ EHQDU VHUWD VD\D
WHUPDVXNRUDQJ\DQJPHQ\HUDKNDQGLULNHSDGD$OORK
6D\D PHPRKRQ NHSDGD $OORK ²VXEKDDQDKX GHQJDQ
QLNPDWQ\D GDQ NHPXOLDQQ\D DJDU PHPDWLNDQ VD\D VHEDJDL
RUDQJ,VODP\DQJVHEHQDUQ\DGHPLNLDQMXJDNHWXUXQDQNXGDQ
VHOXUXK VDXGDUDNX NDXP PXVOLPLQ GDQ DJDU PHQJXPSXONDQ
NLWDGLVXUJD1D·LPEHUVDPDQDELNLWD0XKDPPDG\DQJMXMXU
ODJL WHUSHUFD\D GDQ VHOXUXK SDUD QDEL NHOXDUJD 1DEL NLWD
SDUDVDKDEDWQ\D$NXPRKRQDJDUPHPEHULNDQPDQIDDWNLWDE
LQL VHWLDS \DQJ PHPEDFDQ\D DWDX PHQGHQJDUNDQQ\D««
NHWDXLODK EXNDQNDQ VXGDK DNX VDPSDLNDQ" <D $OORK
VDNVLNDQ
:DOORKX D·ODP VHPRJD VKRODZDW GDQ VDODP
WHUFXUDKNDQ NHSDGD QDEL NLWD 0XKDPPDG NHOXDUJDQ\D GDQ
VDKDEDWQ\D GDQ VHJDOD SXML EDJL 5REE SHPHOLKDUD VHNDOLDQ
DODP