1

1.  P(A) 

  P(B)  A  B     n(X)   
!"ก  X
 A  B $
 % &'ก ()*

"( A ⊆ B 
( A ∪ B = B
+ x ∈ A ∪ B )( x ∈ A +*, x ∈ B  $, x ∈ B
 ,ก x ∈ A 
( {x} ∈ P(A) ( x ∈ B 
( {x} ∈ P(B)
)( P(A) ⊆ P(B)

(
") - .ก

ก.

2. ก+  () -
A = {x ∈ R | x2  2x + 1 = 0}, B = {x ∈ R | x2  3x + 2 = 0}, C = { x ∈ R | x2  5x + 6 = 0}
+$
 % &'( 
 ก( , +
!"ก ( ก(  -
A = {1}, B = {1, 2}, C = {2, 3}
+0 )!( A ⊆ B  C

.

3. ก+ +  A, B, C    ) (!(   '  A ⊆ B  B ⊆ C   
!"ก
  $( ก
1
  ,ก A ⊆ B  B ⊆ C )( A ∩ B = φ, A ∩ C = φ, B ∩ C = φ +*,ก0$,
-  A, B, C  "
*(ก
ก n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C)  n(A ∩ B)  n(A ∩ C)  n(B ∩ C)
+ n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
= n(A) + n(B) + n(C) -----(*)
 ,ก- 3   "
*(ก ก
ก* (*) 7)( 
!"ก.  -
3   $((ก 
!"ก- 3  กก )(  
!"ก ก
1


ก.

4.  A   $

ก* x4  4x3  x2 + 16x  12 = 0, B = {1, 2, 3} +(  A  B 
$
 % &'ก ()*
 ' -
 *$ *.)7 2 *, $, *, ก*,*  *"
()+
!"ก  A  ,ก, ) A .( *.
ก*%+1  ก*
 ก*+

!"ก A 7)ก*ก
ก*+$( x   -!:;<=;+,
 ก+ + P(x) = x4  4x3  x2 + 16x  12
 ,ก P(2) = 16  32  4 + 32  12 = 0

( x  2 +* P(x)  )(
P(x) = (x  2)(x3  2x2  5x + 6)
= (x  2)(x + 2)(x2  4x + 3)
= (x  2)(x + 2)(x  3)(x  1) = 0
) x =  2, 1, 2, 3
 - A = { 2, 1, 2, 3}
+0 )!( B ⊆ A

.

5. .ก , A  B    ) (!( (

  ก. ) (.ก %* A ∩ B = {} ก0( , A ⊆ B ) (!( A ∪ B = {} ก0( , A ⊆ B
 . .ก %* A ∪ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ ( A ∪ C)  ก< *'ก
 $. ) (.ก %* A  B = {x | x ∈ A  x ∉ B} ) (!(
A  B = {x | x ∈ A  x ∈ B}
 . ) (.ก %* A ∩ B = {x | x ∈ A  x ∈ B} ) (!(
A ∩ B = {x | x ∉ A  x ∈ B}

.

6. " ก* " ก* ∗ () -

A ∗ B = (A ∩ B′)  (B ∩ A′)
 U   กB%
 %&', A, B, C    ) (  () ( 
( *( ก
 n(X) $,  
!"ก  X
%"*C(() -ก(.ก
 %"*C ก.
ก' A ∗ B = (A ∩ B′)  (B ∩ A′)
= (A  B)  (B  A)
= AB = A
 B ∗ A = (B ∩ A′)  (A ∩ B′)
= (B  A)  (A  B)
= BA = B

( ก. ) (.ก
 ()%"*C .
ก (A ∗ B) ∗ C = [(A ∩ B′)  (B ∩ A′)] ∗ C
= A∗C
 A ∗ (B ∗ C) = A ∗ (B  C)
= A∗B

( . ) (.ก
()%"*C $.
ก n(A ∗ B) = n(A  B)
= n(A)  n(A ∩ B)
= n(A) ( ,ก n(A ∩ B) = 0)
 n(B ∗ A) = n(B  A)
= n(B)  n(A ∩ B)
= n(B) ( ,ก n(A ∩ B) = 0)

( $. ) (.ก 

.

7. " ก* " ก* ∆  -

A ∆ B = {x  y | x ∈ A, y ∈ B  x > y}
 , A = {2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3}, B = { 1, 0, 1, 2, 3} () -ก(.ก
 ก A ∆ B = {x  y | x ∈ A, y ∈ B  x > y}
%"*C
!"ก   A ∆ B
 ,ก x ∈ A, y ∈ B  x > y +0 ( 0 > 1, 1 > 1, 1 > 0, 2 > 1, 2 > 0, 2 > 1,
3 > 1, 3 > 0, 3 > 1, 3 > 2 )( A ∆ B = {1, 2, 3, 4}
%"*C,ก ก.
*+(  {x | x5  6x4 + 12x3  12x2 + 11x  6 = 0} *ก
!"ก)* -
+ P(x) = x5  6x4 + 12x3  12x2 + 11x  6 = 0 :;<=;+,)( P(1) = 0
)( P(x) = (x  1)(x4  5x3 + 7x2  5x + 6)
!:;<=;+,ก$*-)( P(2) = 0  - P(x) = (x  1)(x  2)(x3  3x2 + x  3)
= (x  1)(x  2)[x2(x  3) + (x  3)]
= (x  1)(x  2)(x  3)(x2 + 1) = 0
 - {x | x5  6x4 + 12x3  12x2 + 11x  6 = 0} = {1, 2, 3, i, i}

( {1, 2, 3, 4}  {x | x5  6x4 + 12x3  12x2 + 11x  6 = 0}  $,  ก. ) (.ก
 %"*C,ก . )(
(A ∆ B) ∪ A = {2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}  (A ∆ B) ∪ B = {1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
 ,ก n[(A ∆ B) ∪ A] > n[(A ∆ B) ∪ B]

( (A ∆ B) ∪ A  (A ∆ B) ∪ B
 -  . ก() (.ก
()%"*C,ก $.
ก (A ∆ B)  A = {4}  (A ∆ B)  B = {4}
+0 ( (A ∆ B)  A = (A ∆ B)  B

( $. ก(.ก 

.

8. " ก* " ก* +! () -

A + B = {x + y | x ∈ A, y ∈ B  x + y ≠ 0}
ก+ + A = {1, 0, 1}, B = {0, 1, 2}, C = {0, 1}  n(X) $, 
!"ก  X () -
ก(.ก (%"*C,กก')
 %"*C,ก ก.
%"*C$( x + y  x ∈ A, y ∈ B  x + y ≠ 0 กก**
  -
ก*C x = 1 ) (1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2) *
 ) 3 "&
ก*C x = 0 ) (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2) *
 ) 3 "&
ก*C x = 1 ) (1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2) *
 ) 3 "&
+0 ( % (1, 1)  (0, 0) ( - ) (*ก, )( x + y ≠ 0

(  A + B  
!"ก$, {(1 + 0), (1 + 2), (0 + 1), (0 + 2), (1 + 0), (1 + 1), (1 + 2)}
= {1, 1, 2, 3}
 $, n(A + B) = 4 ≠ n(A) + n(B) = 6
%*F -  ก. ) (.ก
()%"*C .
%"*C  ก ก. )( n[(A + B) + C] = 5 ≠ n(A) + n(B) + n(C) = 8
%*F -  . G"
()%"*C $.
 ,ก n(A + B) = 4 %*F -  
 -+   A + B (ก 24 = 16
%*F -  $. .ก 

.
9.  0ก
1  (A  B′) ∩ (C  D′) ∩ (E  F′) ∩ & ∩ (Y  Z′)  A ⊆ B ⊆ C
⊆ D & ⊆ Y ⊆ Z  A, B, C, &, Z   ) (( $,  () -
(%"*C,กก')
 %"*C  (A  B′) ∩ (C  D′) ∩ (E  F′) ∩ & ∩ (Y  Z′)
= A∩B∩C∩D∩&∩X∩Y∩Z
 ) -+ $ (  
!"ก(  1  (%*'ก+ , )(1ก 
 ) (() .(   + 7  " *' ก! ก  ('ก+ , )%" "
( A ⊆ B ⊆ C ⊆ D & ⊆ Y ⊆ Z 
( 
$, )-+  - % 
 0ก
1 $,  A   

ก.

10. ก+ + P, Q   

 *
"&"I   0 ก%+1  ก* n (n    0 ก)
 -
Pn(x) = {a0, a1, a2, &, an}  Qn(x) = {b0, b1, b2, &, bn}  P ≠ Q  an, bn ≠ 0 " ก*
 " ก* +! $, P + Q = {ci = ai + bi 1ก 0 ≤ i ≤ n | ai ∈ P, bi ∈ Q} () -ก(G"
  ก.  . +0 )!(.ก ($1C
 *%"
. ')(( G 7ก*%"
. ')
%"*C $.
ก a1 = a0 + a2  b1 = b0 + b2 )( a1 + b1 = (a0 + b0) + (a2 + b2)
 $, c1 = c0 + c2 ) (
 *
*1)( 2 | c1 %*F -  $. ) (.ก 

.