4/9/2014

Ch 06 HW

Ch06HW
Due:11:59amonSunday,April6,2014
Youwillreceivenocreditforitemsyoucompleteaftertheassignmentisdue.GradingPolicy

TheWorkEnergyTheorem
LearningGoal: Tounderstandthemeaningandpossibleapplicationsoftheworkenergytheorem. Inthisproblem,youwilluseyourpriorknowledgetoderiveoneofthemostimportantrelationshipsinmechanics:the workenergytheorem.Wewillstartwithaspecialcase:aparticleofmassmmovinginthex directionatconstant accelerationa.Duringacertainintervaloftime,theparticleacceleratesfromvinitial tovfinal ,undergoingdisplacement s givenby s = xfinal xinitial .

PartA
Findtheaccelerationaoftheparticle. Expresstheaccelerationintermsofvinitial ,vfinal ,ands .

Hint1.Somehelpfulrelationshipsfromkinematics
Bydefinitionforconstantacceleration,
a=
vf inal vinitial t

Furthermore,theaveragespeedis
vavg =
vinitial +vf inal 2

andthedisplacementis
s = v avg t

Combinetheserelationshipstoeliminatet.

ANSWER:
a

vf inal

vinitial 2s

Correct

PartB
FindthenetforceF actingontheparticle. Expressyouranswerintermsofmanda.

Hint1.UsingNewton'slaws
WhichofNewton'slawsmaybehelpfulhere?
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Ch 06 HW

ANSWER:
F

ma

Correct

PartC
FindthenetworkW doneontheparticlebytheexternalforcesduringtheparticle'smotion. ExpressyouranswerintermsofF ands . ANSWER:
W

Fs

Correct

PartD
SubstituteforF fromPartBintheexpressionforworkfromPartC.ThensubstituteforafromtherelationinPart A.ThiswillyieldanexpressionforthenetworkW doneontheparticlebytheexternalforcesduringtheparticle's motionintermsofmassandtheinitialandfinalvelocities.GiveanexpressionfortheworkW intermsofthose quantities. Expressyouranswerintermsofm,vinitial ,andvfinal . ANSWER:
W

vf inal

vinitial 2

Correct
Theexpressionthatyouobtainedcanberearrangedas
W =
1 2

m vf inal

1 2

m vinitial

Thequantity

1 2

mv

hasthesameunitsaswork.Itiscalledthekineticenergy ofthemovingparticleandis

denotedbyK .Therefore,wecanwrite
Kinitial =
1 2

mvinitial

and Kf inal

1 2

mvf inal

Notethatlikemomentum,kineticenergydependsonboththemassandthevelocityofthemovingobject. However,themathematicalexpressionsformomentumandkineticenergyaredifferent.Also,unlike momentum,kineticenergyisascalar.Thatis,itdoesnotdependonthesign(thereforedirection)ofthe velocities.

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Ch 06 HW

PartE
FindthenetworkW doneontheparticlebytheexternalforcesduringthemotionoftheparticleintermsofthe initialandfinalkineticenergies. ExpressyouranswerintermsofK initial andK final . ANSWER:
W

K initial + K final

Correct
Thisresultiscalledtheworkenergytheorem.Itstatesthatthenetworkdoneonaparticleequalsthechange inkineticenergyofthatparticle. AlsonoticethatifK initial iszero,thentheworkenergytheoremreducesto
W = K final

Inotherwords,kineticenergycanbeunderstoodastheamountofworkthatisdonetoacceleratetheparticle fromresttoitsfinalvelocity. Theworkenergytheoremcanbemosteasilyusediftheobjectismovinginonedimensionandisbeingacted uponbyaconstantnetforcedirectedalongthedirectionofmotion.However,thetheoremisvalidformore generalcasesaswell.

Letusnowconsiderasituationinwhichtheparticleisstillmovingalongthex axis,butthenetforce,whichisstill directedalongthex axis,isnolongerconstant.Let'sseehowourearlierdefinitionofwork,

W = F s,

needstobemodifiedbybeingreplacedbyanintegral.Ifthepathoftheparticleisdividedintoverysmalldisplacements dx,wecanassumethatovereachofthesesmalldisplacementintervals,thenetforceremainsessentiallyconstant andtheworkdW donetomovetheparticlefromxtox + dxis , whereF isthex componentofthenetforce(whichremainsvirtuallyconstantforthesmalldisplacementfromxto x + dx).Thenetwork W doneontheparticleisthengivenby
dW = F dx

W =

xf inal xinitial

dW =

xf inal xinitial

F dx .

Now,using and

F = ma

a=

dv dt

dv dx

dx dt

=v

dv dx

itcanbeshownthat

W =

vf inal vinitial

mv dv.

PartF
EvaluatetheintegralW
=
vf inal vinitial

mv dv.

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Ch 06 HW

Expressyouranswerintermsofm,vinitial ,andvfinal .

Hint1.Anintegrationformula
Theformulafora
b

t dt is

b a

t dt =

b a 2

ANSWER:
W

1 2

m (vf inal

vinitial

Correct
TheexpressionthatyouhavejustobtainedisequivalenttoW
= K final K initial

.Notsurprisingly,weare

backtothesameexpressionoftheworkenergytheorem!Letusseehowthetheoremcanbeappliedto problemsolving.

PartG
Aparticlemovinginthex directionisbeingacteduponbyanetforceF (x) = Cx2 ,forsomeconstantC .The particlemovesfromxinitial thattime? ExpressyouranswerintermsofC andL.
= L

toxfinal

= 3L

.WhatisK ,thechangeinkineticenergyoftheparticleduring

Hint1.Findingthework
IntegrateF (x) dx tocalculatetheworkdoneontheparticle.

Hint2.Anintegrationformula
Theformulafora
b

du is

b a

du =

b a 3

ANSWER:
K

26 3

CL

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Ch 06 HW

Correct
Itcanalsobeshownthattheworkenergytheoremisvalidfortwoandthreedimensionalmotionandfora varyingnetforcethatisnotnecessarilydirectedalongtheinstantaneousdirectionofmotionoftheparticle.In thatcase,theworkdonebythenetforceisgivenbythelineintegral
W =
S f inal S initial

F dL ,

whereS initial andS final aretheinitialandthefinalpositionsoftheparticle,dListhevectorrepresentinga smalldisplacement,andF isthenetforceactingontheparticle.

WhenPushComestoShove
Twoforces,ofmagnitudesF1 andF2 ,actinoppositedirectionsonablock,whichsitsatopafrictionlesssurface. Initially,thecenteroftheblockisatpositionxi .Atsomelater time,theblockhasmovedtotheright,sothatitscenterisat positionxf ,wherexf > xi .

PartA
FindtheworkW1 doneontheblockbytheforceofmagnitudeF1 astheblockmovesfromxi toxf . Expressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthevariablesgivenintheproblemintroduction.

Hint1.Formulafortheworkdonebyaforce
TheworkW donebyaforceF inproducingadisplacements isgivenby
cos W = F s = F s

arethemagnitudesof F and s respectively,and isthesmalleranglebetweenthetwo where F and s

vectors. ThescalarthatresultsfromtheoperationF s iscalledthescalarproduct,ordotproduct,ofthevectorsF ands .

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Ch 06 HW

ANSWER:
W1

F1 (xf xi )

Correct

PartB
FindtheworkW2 donebytheforceofmagnitudeF2 astheblockmovesfromxi toxf . Expressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthevariablesgivenintheproblemintroduction.

Hint1.Istheworkpositiveornegative?
TheforceofmagnitudeF2 actsintheoppositedirectiontothatofthemotionoftheblock.Therefore,the workdonebythatforcemustbenegative. ANSWER:
W2

F2 (xf xi )

Correct

PartC
WhatisthenetworkWnet doneontheblockbythetwoforces? ANSWER:
Wnet

(F1 F2 )(xf xi )

Correct

PartD
Imaginethatthetwoforcesareequalinmagnitude,F1 ontheblock.DeterminethechangeK f
Ki = F2

,andthattherearenootherhorizontalforcesacting

inthekineticenergyoftheblockasitmovesfromxi toxf .

Hint1.Iftheforcesareequal,howcantheblockbemoving?
Althoughthenethorizontalforceactingontheblock(andthereforetheaccelerationoftheblock)iszero,the blockmayhavehadsomeinitialvelocity.

http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=2832920

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Ch 06 HW

ANSWER:
Kf Ki

= 0

Correct

WorkfromaConstantForce
LearningGoal: Tounderstandhowtocomputetheworkdonebyaconstantforceactingonaparticlethatmovesinastraightline.
is Inthisproblem,youwillcalculatetheworkdonebyaconstantforce.AforceisconsideredconstantifF ( r) independentofr .ThisisthemostfrequentlyencounteredsituationinelementaryNewtonianmechanics.

PartA
ConsideraparticlemovinginastraightlinefrominitialpointBtofinalpointA,acteduponbyaconstantforceF . Inthefiguretheforceisindicatedbyaseriesofidentical vectorspointingtotheleft,paralleltothehorizontalaxis. Thevectorsareallidenticaltoreflecttheideathatthe forceisconstanteverywherealongthepath.The magnitudeoftheforceisF ,andthedisplacementvector frompointBtopointAisL (ofmagnitudeL,makingan angle (radians)withthepositivex axis).FindWBA ,the workthattheforceF performsontheparticleasit movesfrompointBtopointA. ExpresstheworkintermsofL,F ,and .Remember touseradians,notdegrees,foranyanglesthat appearinyouranswer.

Hint1.Formulaforworkdonebyaconstantforce
ForaparticlesubjectedtoaconstantforceF alongastraightpathrepresentedbythedisplacementvector
L

,thenetworkdonebyF isF L .

Hint2.FindtheanglebetweenF andL
YouneedtofindtheanglebetweenthevectorF ,whichisdirectedhorizontallytotheleft,andthevectorL inthedirectionoftheparticle'smotion(atanangle (radians)relativetothepositivex axis).Itmayhelpto visualizeF directedalongthenegativex axisattheorigin.Whatistheangle betweenF andL ? Expressyouranswerinradians,notdegrees. ANSWER:
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Ch 06 HW

ANSWER:
WBA

F cos( )L

Correct
Thisresultisworthremembering!TheworkdonebyaconstantforceofmagnitudeF ,whichactsatanangle of withrespecttothedirectionofmotionalongastraightpathoflengthL,isWBA = F L cos( ) .This equationcorrectlygivesthesigninthisproblem.Since istheanglewithrespecttothepositivex axis(in radians), = hencecos( ) = cos( ) = cos( ).

PartB
NowconsiderthesameforceF actingonaparticlethattravelsfrompointAtopointB.ThedisplacementvectorL nowpointsintheoppositedirectionasitdidinPartA. FindtheworkWAB donebyF inthiscase. ExpressyouranswerintermsofL,F ,and .

Hint1.Aphysicalargument
Theeasiestargumenttomakeisaphysicalone:IftheparticleweretogostraightfrompointAtopointB andthenbackfrompointBtopointAwiththesameforceacting,thetotalworkdonewouldbezero(i.e.,the gaininenergyonthewaytopointBduetothisforcewouldbelostonthewayback,andviceversa).This holdsforallconservativeforces(butdoesnotholdfornonconservativeforces),andaconstantforceis indeedconservative.Therefore,WBA + WAB = 0.

ANSWER:
WAB

F Lcos( )

Correct
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Ch 06 HW

Exercise6.4
Afactoryworkerpushesa31.5kgcrateadistanceof4.2malongalevelflooratconstantvelocitybypushingdownward atanangleof29 belowthehorizontal.Thecoefficientofkineticfrictionbetweenthecrateandflooris0.25.

PartA
Whatmagnitudeofforcemusttheworkerapplytomovethecrateatconstantvelocity? Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures. ANSWER:
F

= 100 N

Correct

PartB
Howmuchworkisdoneonthecratebythisforcewhenthecrateispushedadistanceof4.2m? Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures. ANSWER:
W

= 380 J

Correct

PartC
Howmuchworkisdoneonthecratebyfrictionduringthisdisplacement? Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures. ANSWER:
Wf

= 380 J

Correct

PartD
Howmuchworkisdonebythenormalforce? ANSWER:
Wnf

= 0 J
9/27

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Ch 06 HW

Correct

PartE
Howmuchworkisdonebygravity? ANSWER:
Wg

= 0 J

Correct

PartF
Whatisthetotalworkdoneonthecrate? ANSWER:
Wnet

= 0 J

Correct

Exercise6.6
Twotugboatspulladisabledsupertanker.Eachtugexertsaconstantforceof1.7106N,oneanangle15 westof northandtheotheranangle15 eastofnorth,astheypullthetankeradistance0.86kmtowardthenorth.

PartA
Whatisthetotalworktheydoonthesupertanker? Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures. ANSWER:
W

= 2.8109 J

Correct

VerticalSpringGun:SpeedandKineticEnergy
Thefigurerepresentsamultiflashphotographofaballbeingshotstraightupbyaspring.Thespring,withtheballatop, wasinitiallycompressedtothepointmarkedYbot andreleased.ThepointmarkedY0 isthepointwheretheballwould remainatrestifitwereplacedgentlyonthespring,andtheballreachesitshighestpointatthepointmarkedYtop .
Y0 http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=2832920

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Ch 06 HW

Formostsituations,includingthisproblem,thepointY0 may betakentobeatthetopofthespring,wheretheballloses contactwiththespring.

PartA
Indicatewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.Assumethatairresistanceisnegligible. ThespeedoftheballwasgreatestatpointY0 whenitwasstillincontactwiththespring. ThespeedoftheballwasdecreasingonitswayfrompointY0 topointYtop . ThespeedoftheballwaszeroatpointYtop . ThespeedoftheballwasthesameforallpointsinitsmotionbetweenpointsY0 andYtop . Entertfortrueorfforfalseforeachstatement.Separateyourresponseswithcommas(e.g.,t,f,f,t). ANSWER: t,t,t,f

Correct

PartB
Considerthekineticenergyoftheball.Atwhatpointorpointsistheball'skineticenergygreatest?

Hint1.Whatequationtouse
ThekineticenergyisgivenbyK
= (1/2)mv
2

,wheremisthemassoftheobjectandvisitsspeed.

ANSWER:

http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=2832920

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Ch 06 HW

Ybot Y0

only only andY0 andYbot andY0 andYtop

only

Ytop Ybot Y0

andYtop

Ytop Ybot

Correct

DraggingaBoard
AuniformboardoflengthLandmassM liesnearaboundarythatseparatestworegions.Inregion1,thecoefficientof kineticfrictionbetweentheboardandthesurfaceis1 ,andinregion2,thecoefficientis2 .Thepositivedirectionis showninthefigure.

PartA
FindthenetworkW donebyfrictioninpullingtheboarddirectlyfromregion1toregion2.Assumethattheboard movesatconstantvelocity. ExpressthenetworkintermsofM ,g,L,1 ,and2 .

Hint1.Thenetforceoffriction
Supposethattherightedgeoftheboardisadistancexfromtheboundary,asshown.Whentheboardisat thisposition,whatisthemagnitudeoftheforceoffriction,Fnet (x),actingontheboard(assumingthatit's moving)?

http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=2832920

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Ch 06 HW

Expresstheforceactingontheboardinterms ofM ,g,L,x,1 ,and2 .

Hint1.Fractionofboardinregion2
Considerthepartoftheboardinregion2whentherightedgeoftheboardisadistancexfromthe boundary.Themagnitudeoftheforceoffrictionactingontheboard(onlyconsideringthefrictionfrom region2)willbethecoefficientoffriction,multipliedbythemagnitudeofthenormalforcethatactson theboard.Sincethegroundishorizontal,andtheboardisnotacceleratingintheverticaldirection, thenormalforceshouldequaltheboard'sweight.But,onlyafractionoftheboard'stotalmassisin region2.Findthefractionoftheboardinregion2intermsofthegivenlengths
f raction of the board in region 2 =
length of the board in region 2 total length of the board

ANSWER: Fractionofboardinregion2=
x L

Hint2.Forceoffrictioninregion1
Nowconsiderthatpartoftheboardinregion1.Again,onlyafractionoftheboard'smassisinregion 1.Usingthisfact,findthemagnitudeoftheforceoffrictionactingontheboard,justduetofrictionin region1. ExpressyouranswerintermsofM ,g,L,x,and1 .

Hint1.Fractionoftheboardinregion1
Whentherightedgeoftheboardisadistancexfromtheboundary,whatfractionoftheboard liesinregion1?
f raction of the board in region 1 =
length of the board in region 1 total length of the board

ANSWER: Fractionofboardinregion1=
Lx L

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Ch 06 HW

ANSWER:
Fregion1

M g 1(Lx) L

ANSWER:
Fnet (x)

Mg L

( 1 ( L x) + 2 x)

Hint2.Workasintegralofforce
AfteryoufindthenetforceoffrictionF (x)thatactsontheboard,asafunctionofx,tofindthenetwork donebythisforce,youwillneedtoperformtheappropriateworkintegral,
W = F (x) dx

Thelowerlimitofthisintegralwillbeatx = 0.Whatwillbetheupperlimit? ANSWER: Upperlimitatx=

L

Hint3.Directionofforceoffriction
Don'tforgetthattheforceoffrictionisdirectedoppositetothedirectionoftheboard'smotion.
b

Hint4.Formulafor

x dx
b a
2 2

x dx =

b a 2

ANSWER:
W

L gM

2 + 1 2

Correct
Thisanswermakessensebecauseitisasiftheboardspenthalfitstimeinregion1,andhalfinregion2, whichonaverage,itinfactdid.

PartB
Whatisthetotalworkdonebytheexternalforceinpullingtheboardfromregion1toregion2?(Again,assumethat theboardmovesatconstantvelocity.) ExpressyouranswerintermsofM ,g,L,1 ,and2 .
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Ch 06 HW

Hint1.Noacceleration
Sincetheboardisnotaccelerating,thesumoftheexternalforcesonitmustbezero.Thereforetheexternal forcemustbeoppositelydirectedtothatoffriction. ANSWER:
Wext

LgM

+
2

Correct

Exercise6.20
Youthrowa20Nrockverticallyintotheairfromgroundlevel.Youobservethatwhenitisaheight14.6mabovethe ground,itistravelingataspeedof24.1m/supward.

PartA
Usetheworkenergytheoremtofinditsspeedjustasitlefttheground. ANSWER:
v0

= 29.4 m/s

Correct

PartB
Usetheworkenergytheoremtofinditsmaximumheight. ANSWER:
h

= 44.2 m

Correct

WorkDonebyaSpring
Consideraspring,withspringconstantk,oneendofwhichisattachedtoawall.Thespringisinitiallyunstretched,with theunconstrainedendofthespringatpositionx = 0.

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Ch 06 HW

PartA
Thespringisnowcompressedsothattheunconstrainedendmovesfromx = 0tox = L.Usingtheworkintegral
W =
xf xi

F (x ) d x ,

findtheworkdoneby thespringasitiscompressed. ExpresstheworkdonebythespringintermsofkandL.

Hint1.Springforceasafunctionofposition
ThespringforcevectorF asafunctionofdisplacementxfromthespring'sequilibriumposition,isgivenby
^ F = kx i

wherekisthespringconstantand^ i isaunitvectorinthedirectionofthedisplacementofthespring(inthis case,towardstheright).

Hint2.Integrandoftheworkintegral
Theworkdonebythespringisgivenbytheintegralofthedotproductofthespringforceandan infinitesimaldisplacementoftheendofthespring:
W =
xf xi

F (x ) d x =

xf xi

^ F (x) i dx ,

wheretheinfinitesmaldisplacementvectordx hasbeenwrittenas^ i dx .Write F (x) intermsofgiven

quantities,andthencomputethedotproducttofindanexpressionfortheintegrand.(Note,^ i ^ i Expressyouranswerintermsofk,x,anddx. ANSWER:

^ F (x) i dx

= 1

.)

kxdx

Hint3.Upperlimitoftheworkintegral
http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=2832920 i = 0 16/27

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Ch 06 HW

Thelowerlimitoftheworkintegralwillbeatxi ANSWER:
xf

= 0

.Whatwillbetheintegral'supperlimit?

ANSWER:
W

1 2

kL

Correct

HoldingForceofaNail
AhammerofmassM ismovingatspeedv0 whenitstrikesanailofnegligiblemassthatisstuckinawoodenblock. ThehammerisobservedtodrivethenailadistanceLdeeperintotheblock.

PartA
FindthemagnitudeF oftheforcethatthewoodenblockexertsonthenail,assumingthatthisforceisindependent ofthedepthofpenetrationofthenailintothewood.Youmayalsoassumethatv0 2gL ,sothatthechange inthehammer'sgravitationalpotentialenergy,asitdrivesthenailintotheblock,isinsignificant. ExpressthemagnitudeoftheforceintermsofM ,v0 ,andL.

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Onewaytosolvethisproblemistousetheworkenergytheorem.Tostopthehammerfrommoving,the woodenblocknailsystemmustdoacertainamountofworkonthehammer.Oneexpressionforthisamount ofworkinvolvesF andthedisplacementofthehammer.Inaddition,theworkenergytheoremimpliesthat theinitialkineticenergyofthehammerplustheworkdoneonthehammermustequalthefinalkinetic energyofthehammer.Thisgivesanotherexpressionfortheworkdonethatinvolvesonlythechangein kineticenergyofthehammer.EquatethetwoexpressionsfortheworkdoneandsolveforF .

Hint2.FindtheworkdoneintermsofF
Theworkenergytheoremconnectstheworkneededtostopthehammerwiththechangeinthehammer's kineticenergy.FindtheworkW doneonthehammerby thenail.Don'tforgettoconsiderthesignofyour answer. ExpressyouranswerintermsofF andL. ANSWER:
W

F L

Hint3.Findthechangeinkineticenergyofthehammer
Kf K i http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=2832920

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Ch 06 HW

WhatisK f

Ki

,thechangeinkineticenergyofthehammer?

ExpressyouranswerintermsofM andv0 . ANSWER:

Kf K i

0.5M v0

ANSWER:
1

M v0 L

Correct

PartB
Nowevaluatethemagnitudeoftheholdingforceofthewoodenblockonthenailbyassumingthattheforce necessarytopullthenailoutisthesameasthatneededtodriveitin,whichwejustderived.Assumearelatively heavyM = 0.5 kg hammer(about18ounces),movingwithspeedv0 = 10 m/s.(Ifsuchahammerwereswung thishardupwardandreleased,itwouldrise5m).TakethepenetrationdepthLtobe2cm,whichisappropriatefor onehitonarelativelyheavyconstructionnail. Expressyouranswertothenearestpound.(Note:1 ANSWER:
|F | lb = 4.45 N

.)

= 281 lb

Correct

PullingaBlockonanInclinewithFriction
Ablockofweightmgsitsonaninclinedplaneasshown.AforceofmagnitudeF isappliedtopulltheblockupthe inclineatconstantspeed.Thecoefficientofkineticfrictionbetweentheplaneandtheblockis.

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Ch 06 HW

PartA
WhatisthetotalworkWfric doneontheblockbytheforceoffrictionastheblockmovesadistanceLupthe incline? Expresstheworkdonebyfrictionintermsofanyorallofthevariables,m,g, ,L,andF .

Hint1.Howtostart
Drawafreebodyforcediagramshowingallrealforcesactingontheblock.

Hint2.Findthemagnitudeofthefrictionforce
WriteanexpressionforthemagnitudeFfric ofthefrictionforce. Expressyouranswerintermsofanyorallofthevariables,m,g,and .

Hint1.Findthemagnitudeofthenormalforce
WhatisthemagnitudeN ofthenormalforce? Expressyouranswerintermsofm,g,and . ANSWER:
N

mg cos( )

ANSWER:
Ffric

mg cos( )

ANSWER:
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Wfric

Ch 06 HW

(F mg sin( ))L

Correct

PartB
WhatisthetotalworkWF doneontheblockbytheappliedforceF astheblockmovesadistanceLupthe incline? Expressyouranswerintermsofanyorallofthevariables,m,g, ,L,andF . ANSWER:
WF

FL

Correct
Nowtheappliedforceischangedsothatinsteadofpullingtheblockuptheincline,theforcepullstheblockdownthe inclineataconstantspeed.

PartC
WhatisthetotalworkWfric doneontheblockbytheforceoffrictionastheblockmovesadistanceLdownthe incline? Expressyouranswerintermsofanyorallofthevariables,m,g, ,L,andF . ANSWER:
Wfric

(mg sin( ) + F )L

Correct

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Ch 06 HW

PartD
WhatisthetotalworkWF doneontheboxbytheappledforceinthiscase? Expressyouranswerintermsofanyorallofthevariables,m,g, ,L,andF . ANSWER:
WF

LF

Correct

Exercise6.47
Aforceinthe+xdirectionwithmagnitudeF (x) = 18.0 N (0.530 N/m)x isappliedtoa7.90kgboxthatissitting onthehorizontal,frictionlesssurfaceofafrozenlake.F (x)istheonlyhorizontalforceonthebox.

PartA
Iftheboxisinitiallyatrestatx = 0,whatisitsspeedafterithastraveled17.0m? Expressyouranswertothreesignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits. ANSWER:
v

= 7.62

m s

Correct

ACarwithConstantPower
Theengineinanimaginarysportscarcanprovideconstantpowertothewheelsoverarangeofspeedsfrom0to70 milesperhour(mph).Atfullpower,thecarcanacceleratefromzeroto30.0mphintime1.20s.

PartA
Atfullpower,howlongwouldittakeforthecartoacceleratefrom0to60.0mph?Neglectfrictionandair resistance. Expressyouranswerinseconds.

Hint1.Energyandpower
Intheabsenceoffriction,theconstantpoweroftheengineimpliesthatthekineticenergyofthecar increaseslinearlywithtime.

Hint2.Findtheratioofkineticenergies
K1 http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=2832920 mph K2

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Ch 06 HW

Findthe(numerical)ratioofthecar'skineticenergyK 1 attime60.0mphtoK 2 ,thekineticenergyattime 30.0mph. ANSWER:

K1 K2

= 4

ANSWER: 4.80 s

Correct
Ofcourse,neglectingfriction,especiallyairfriction,iscompletelyunrealisticatsuchspeeds.

PartB
Amorerealisticcarwouldcausethewheelstospininamannerthatwouldresultinthegroundpushingitforward withaconstantforce(incontrasttotheconstantpowerinPartA).Ifsuchasportscarwentfromzeroto30.0mph intime1.20s,howlongwouldittaketogofromzeroto60.0mph? Expressyouranswernumerically,inseconds.

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Constantforcemeansconstantacceleration.Usethisfacttofindhowthespeedincreaseswithtime. ANSWER: 2.40 s

Correct
Thisisprobablythefirstandlasttimeyouwillcomeacrossanimaginarycarthatgoesslowerthanthereal one!

Problem6.91
Apumpisrequiredtoliftamassof760kgofwaterperminutefromawellofdepth14.0mandejectitwithaspeedof 17.0m/s.

PartA
Howmuchworkisdoneperminuteinliftingthewater?
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Ch 06 HW

ANSWER:
W

= 1.04105 J

Correct

PartB
Howmuchingivingthewaterthekineticenergyithaswhenejected? ANSWER:
K

= 1.10105 J

Correct

PartC
Whatmustbethepoweroutputofthepump? ANSWER:
P

= 3570 W

Correct

Exercise6.37
A7.0kgboxmovingat3.0m/sonahorizontal,frictionlesssurfacerunsintoalightspringofforceconstant70N/cm.

PartA
Usetheworkenergytheoremtofindthemaximumcompressionofthespring. Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures. ANSWER:
x

= 9.5 cm

Correct

Problem6.77
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Ch 06 HW

Ablockoficewithmass6.10kgisinitiallyatrestonafrictionless,horizontalsurface.Aworkerthenappliesa horizontalforceF toit.Asaresult,theblockmovesalongthex axissuchthatitspositionasafunctionoftimeis givenbyx(t) = t2 + t3 ,where=0.190m/s2 and =1.95102m/s3 .

PartA
Calculatethevelocityoftheobjectattimet=4.40s. Expressyouranswertothreesignificantfigures. ANSWER:
v

= 2.80 m/s

Correct

PartB
CalculatethemagnitudeofF attimet=4.40s. Expressyouranswertothreesignificantfigures. ANSWER:
F

= 5.46 N

Correct

PartC
CalculatetheworkdonebytheforceF duringthefirsttimeintervalof4.40softhemotion. Expressyouranswertothreesignificantfigures. ANSWER:
W

= 24.0 J

Allattemptsusedcorrectanswerdisplayed

Exercise6.19
Usetheworkenergytheoremtosolveeachoftheseproblems.YoucanuseNewton'slawstocheckyouranswers. Neglectairresistanceinallcases.

PartA
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Abranchfallsfromthetopofa95.0mtallredwoodtree,startingfromrest.Howfastisitmovingwhenitreaches theground? ANSWER:

v

= 43.2 m/s

Correct

PartB
Avolcanoejectsaboulderdirectlyupward527mintotheair.Howfastwasthebouldermovingjustasitleftthe volcano? ANSWER:
v

= 102 m/s

Correct

PartC
Askiermovingat5.50m/sencountersalong,roughhorizontalpatchofsnowhavingcoefficientofkineticfriction 0.220withherskis.Howfardoesshetravelonthispatchbeforestopping? ANSWER:
s

= 7.02 m

Correct

PartD
SupposetheroughpatchinpartCwasonly2.90mlong?Howfastwouldtheskierbemovingwhenshereached theendofthepatch? ANSWER:
v

= 4.21 m/s

Correct

PartE
Atthebaseofafrictionlessicyhillthatrisesat30.0 abovethehorizontal,atobogganhasaspeedof12.0m/s
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Ch 06 HW

towardthehill.Howhighverticallyabovethebasewillitgobeforestopping? ANSWER:
h

= 7.35 m

Correct

Problem6.85
A5.00kgblockismovingat6.00m/salongafrictionless,horizontalsurfacetowardaspringwithforceconstant k=500 N/mthatisattachedtoawall(thefigure).Thespring hasnegligiblemass.

PartA
Findthemaximumdistancethespringwillbecompressed. ANSWER:
x

= 0.600 m

Correct

PartB
Ifthespringistocompressbynomorethan0.350m,whatshouldbethemaximumvalueofv0 ? ANSWER:
v0

= 3.50 m/s

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Ch 06 HW

Correct
ScoreSummary:
Yourscoreonthisassignmentis96.5%. Youreceived30.88outofapossibletotalof32points.

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