Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology
English Grammar
Page 1
Chapter 1
Nouns
A. Countable Noun a , an
two, three, four, etc.
two tables, three pencils
Countable Nouns 2
1. Common Nouns () city,
baby, man, desk, ect..
2. Collective Nouns () herd, flock,
bunch, etc.
Collective Nouns family, group, committee, class , jury, cabinet, etc.....
(unit)
(individual)
The committee has agreed on a plan. ()
The committee have not agreed on the plan. (
)
Collective Nouns Common Nouns
an army of soldiers ()
a band of musicians()
a crowd of people ()
a staff of teachers ()
a shoal of fish ()
a series of books ()
a fleet of ships ()
a gang of robbers ()
a cluster of stars ()
a hive of bees ()
a bouquet of flowers ()
etc.
English Grammar
a bunch of keys(grapes) ()
a heap of stones ()
a team of football-players(
)
a flock of sheep ()
a set of cards ()
a pair of shoes ()
a group of boys ()
a herd of deer ()
a basket of fruit ()
a tribe of people ()
a range of mountains ()
Page 2
B. Uncountable Nouns article
the
1. Mass Nouns ( material nouns)
(quantity) (number) water , air, meat ,coffee ,sugar
,salt, pork, ink, chalk, paper, butter, flour, rice,etc.
Mass Nouns
a) article
She drinks milk every morning.
Water is neccessary for life.
b)
a bowl of ------- rice , sugar
a bottle of ------- ink, milk, water, beer
a cup of
------- tea , coffee
a bar of
-------- soap ,chocolate
a jug of
---------water , milk
a tube of -------- toothpaste
a tin of
-------- jam
a jar of
------- jam , water , honey
a sheet (piece) of ------ paper
an item of ---------- news
a piece of --------- news , furniture , information
a slice (piece) of --------- bread , ham
a loaf of
-------------- bread
a kilo (pound) of -------- sugar , cheese , steak, etc.
? s , es "of"
two pounds of sugar
five pieces of paper
c) much , a lot of, plenty of, a great deal of, little , a little
There is plenty of
cheese
in that shop.
much
salt
little
rice
a little
tea
a lot of
coffee
a great deal of
steak
English Grammar
Page 3
2. Abstract Nouns ()
a) (state) poverty , richness, pleasure , etc
b) (quality) beauty , honesty, kindness , cleverness, etc.
c) (action) movement , flight , revenge , etc.
article the
1. a) Air is necessary for life.
b) The air in this room is fresh.
2. a) Books are good friends.
b) The books in the library was all new
The plural of nouns ()
1. s es
Singular
boat
hat
house
river
chair
boy
girl
computer
car
Plural
boats
hats
houses
rivers
chairs
boys
girls
computers
cars
Meaning
2. y y y i es
Singular
Plural
cry
cries
fly
flies
candy
candies
city
cities
lady
ladies
baby
babies
party
parties
Note: y s
English Grammar
Page 4
day
key
monkey
days
keys
monkeys
3. o o es
Singular
tomato
mango
potato
pamelo
hero
Plural
tomatoes
mangoes
potatoes
pameloes
heroes
Note: o s
Singular
Plural
zoo
zoos
radio
radios
studio
studios
o s
photo
piano
casino
4.
Singular
woman
man
child
knife
tooth
foot
bus
person
leaf
wife
life
loaf
English Grammar
Plural
women
men
children
knives
teeth
feet
buses
people
leaves
wives
lives
loaves
()
Page 5
box
kiss
glass
cactus
fungus
nucleus
syllabus
thesis
crisis
phenomenon
criterion
boxes
kisses
glasses
cacti
fungi
nuclei
syllabi
theses
crises
phenomena
criteria
5.
Singular
sheep
fish
species
deer
Plural
sheep
fish
species
deer
6.
Examples:
news
The news is on at 6.30 p.m.
athletics:
Athletics is good for young people.
liguistics:
Linguistics is the study of language.
darts
Darts is a popular game in England.
7.
trousers:
My trousers are too tight.
English Grammar
Page 6
jeans:
Her jeans are black.
glasses:
Those glasses are his.
scissors
shorts
thanks
stairs
congratulations
wages
spectacles
goods
Countable and Uncountable Nouns ()
1.Countable nouns ()
a.
one dog
a cat
six men
a house
b.
three dogs
ten ducks
a woman
the shops.
2. Uncountable nouns ()
a.
tea
sugar
water
air
rice
food
English Grammar
Page 7
milk
snow
dust
wood
hair
money
meat
coffee
b.
richness
movement
beauty
love
knowledge
Compound Nouns ()
1.noun +noun
girl + friend = girlfriend
traffic + lights =traffic lights
noun + verb
head + ache = headache
2. verb + noun
work + man = workman
3. noun + verb
hair + cut = haircut
4. verb + prep.
hold + up = holdup
5. adj.+ noun
green +house = greenhouse
quick + silver = quicksilver
English Grammar
Page 8
Proper Nouns ()
Capital letters
:
1.
Somchai
the President of the United States
2
Death in Venice, The Barber of Seville
3.
Monday, October, Easter
4.
Thai cooking, a German car
5.
French Alps, the Nile , the Atlantic
6.
Main Street, Central Park, Silom Road
English Grammar
Page 9
Chapter 2
Pronouns
1. Personal Pronouns () 3
1
2
3
I, we
you
he, she. it , they
I
we
you
he
she
it
they
me
us
you
him
her
it
them
English Grammar
Possessive Form
Adjective
my
our
your
his
her
its
their
Pronoun
mine
ours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
Reflexive
Pronoun
myself
ourselves
yourself
himself
herself
itself
themselves
Page 10
verb to be
It was she who came here yesterday.
( she )
It was her whom you met at the party last night.
( her you met )
2. Possessive Pronouns ( )
Page 11
( mine possessive pronoun (
complement) is)
3. Reflexive Pronouns ()
-self form of pronoun
myself. yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, ourselves. themselves, itself
(object )
She herself doesn't think she'll get the job.
The film itself wasn't very good but I like the
music.
I spoke to Mr.Wilson himself.
wash/shave/dress
myself
Who repaired your bicycle for you? Nobody, I
repaired it myself.
.
I'm not going to do it for you. You can do it yourself.
( )
English Grammar
Page 12
By myself on my own
on ( my/your/his/ her/ its/our/their ) own
by ( myself/yourself ( singular) /himself/ herself/ itself/ ourselves/
yourselves(plural)/ themselves )
everybody
somebody
anybody
nobody
most
several
everything
all
anything
nothing
enough
more
some
any
either
none
few
much
each
many
neither
one
fewer
less
English Grammar
Page 13
We, you, they personal pronoun indefinite pronoun
We should prepare ourselves to deal with any emergency. ( )
)
You sometimes don't know what to say in such a situation.
.
6. Interrogative Pronouns () Who,
Whom, What, Which Whoever, Whomever, Whatever, Whichever
Who want to see the dentist first? ? (who
)
Whom do you think we should invite? ? (whom
- object )
To whom do to wish to speak? ? (whom - object )
What did she say? ? (what say )
Which is your cat? ? (which )
Which of these languages do you speak fluently?
? (which speak )
which what interrogative adjective who, whom ,
which relative pronoun
7. Relative Pronouns ()
who,
whom, which, what, that, indefinite relative pronouns whoever, whomever,
whichever, whatever
Children who (that) play with fire are in great danger of harm.
The book that she wrote was the best-seller
He's the man whose car was stolen last week.
She will tell you what you need to know.
The coach will select whomever he pleases.
Whoever cross this line will win the race?
You may eat whatever you like at this restaurant.
English Grammar
Page 14
Chapter 3
Adjectives
Adjective
1. Descriptive Adjective young, rich,
new, god, black, clever, happy
2. Possessive Adjective my, your, his, her, their, our, its
3. Quantitativt Adjective some, half, little,
enough
4. Numeral Adjective -
one, two, first, many
5. Demonstrative Adjective this, that, these, those
6. Interrogative Adjective which, whose, what
- Which way shall we go?
- Whose dictionary is this?
7. Proper Adjective
which way shall we go?
8. Distributive Adjective each, every, either, neither
(Positions of Adjective)
1. Adjective
* Peter wears a black suit.
* Tom is a good guy.
2. Verb to be Linking Verbs
* The traffic is terrible at 5 oclock on Friday.
* He felt tired.
Page 15
Adjective ( Verb to be Linking
Verbs)
main ()
only ()
upper ()
former ()
chief ()
inner ()
outer ()
principal ()
indoor ()
outdoor ()
elder ()
eldest ()
drunken ()
wooden ()
golden ()
Adjectives
1
Article
demonstrative
possessive
the
a
those
the
his
2
Ordinal
()
3
Cardinal
()
4
Quality
()
5
Size
()
6
Age
()
7
Shape
()
8
Color
()
9
Participle
(v.3/v.ing)
10
Origin
()
11
Material
()
12
Noun
first
third
two
many
four
-
cute
delicious
-
big
small
big
-
young
old
-
square
-
green
blue
black
-
broken
boring
Chinese
French
-
plastic
wooden
-
ladies
apples
chair
rocks
table
job
adjective
(Adjective) (Noun)
(Pronoun)
He is good boy.
Page 16
Adjective
adjective 2
1.
Adjective adjective
2. Adjective
Adjective
Adjective (Noun) Command Noun
a school boy
Page 17
2.2.2 Past Participle adjective Verb 3 Verb ed
a frighted cat
(frighted Past Participle cat
frighted adjective)
a punished student
(punished Past Participle student
punished adjective)
a repaired radio
(repaired Past Participle radio
repaired adjective)
a broken chair
(broken Past Participle chair
broken adjective)
2.2.3 Perfect Participle adjective Perfect Participle Phrase
Present Participle Past
Participle 2
having + Verb 3
Having drunk six cans of beer, Wichai handed his car-key to his friend.
( Perfect Participle
Present
Participle Past Participle )
Having been exhausted for a long time, the tourists went to sleep immediately.
( Perfect Participle
Participle
Present Participle Past Participle
)
2.3 Adjective adjective Noun,
adverb Past Participle ed ( Past Participle)
English Grammar
Page 18
a four-door car.
a two-storey house
a fifty-dollar note
50
a well-dressed lady
a carefully-written report
an absent-minded man
He is an absent-minded man.
Adjective
1. Adjective (Adjective of Quality)
good, bad, white, blue, German, Indian
Somrak is a good boxer.
He is a German sailor.
3. Adjective
(Demonstrative Adjective) this,
that, those, these
This boy is taller than that.
English Grammar
Page 19
These students like to study English.
Those pictures are mine.
4. Adjective
(Distributive Adjective)
each, every, neither
Each student wants to pass the exam.
Every boy likes to play football.
5. Adjective
(Interrogative Adjective)
what, which, whose
What kind of book is it?
Page 20
2.
Adjective (Verb)
Verb
Adjective
talk
talkative
prevent
preventive
destroy
destructive
close
close
run
running
3.
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
red
reddish
comic
comical
glad
gladsome
good
goodly
tasty
tasteful
(Position of Adjective)
1.
a nice boy
a poor man
a beautiful girl
a shot eye
He is a rich man.
He looks pleased.
It is getting dark.
He becomes famous.
English Grammar
Page 21
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
good =
bad =
tall =
short =
beautiful =
clever =
fat =
thin =
dirty =
white =
Adjective 2
1.
The fat man can't run quickly.
(fat man )
A clever boy can answer a difficult problem.
()
2. Verb to be
Somsri is beautiful. Manu is tall.
My gather is short. My dog is black.
Adjective 1 2 Adjective
Adjective
2
1. Adjective
:-sorry =
afraid =
well =
alive =
ashamed =
worth =
awake =
English Grammar
Page 22
ill =
alike =
asleep =
aware =
alone =
content =
unable = : : This boy is sorry.
: I am well.
: I am a well man.
: Wilai is ill.
2. Adjective
Verb to be : former =
latter =
inner =
outer =
upper =
elder =
drunken =
middle =
entire =
letter =
wooden =
golden =
English Grammar
Page 23
neighboring =
especial =
: Burma is a neighboring country.
: Burma is neighboring.
English Grammar
Page 24
Adjective and :He is a witty and wise teacher.
He is a teacher, witty and wise.
English Grammar
Page 25
The rich man lives in the big house.
2.2 Proper Adjective
Proper Noun
(proper
Noun)
England
America
Thailand
India
Germany
Italy
Japan
China
(proper
Adjective)
English
American
Thai
Indian
German
Italian
Japanese
Chinese
English Grammar
Page 26
She has two books.
2
I have few cars.
2-3
English Grammar
Page 27
8
Each student is writing his name.
Adjective
Adjective 8
(Adjective)
"" 8
1. (noun) Adjective
They study at Suan Kularb school every day.
(Suan Kularb Adjective school)
2. Apostrophe's Adjective
Daeng's house was built in Bangkok last year.
(Daeng's Adjective house)
3. Infinitive
This is the book to read.
(to read Infinitive Adjective book)
4. Participle
The standing boy is afraid of the running dod.
Page 28
5. Gerund ing Adjective
We have a swimming pool near the school.
(swimming Gerund pool)
6. Adjective Clause Adjective
The boy who is learning English is my brother.
English Grammar
Page 29
Adjective Adjective
1. He is reading an English newspaper in his room.
2. Some people have much money but never happy.
3. This car was bought from Japan last month.
4. Six boys are playing football in the field.
5. They love their teacher very much.
6. Which pencil do you like best?
7. I like to read the Thai literature every day.
8. Either bank is flooded.
9. Every girl has her lunch at school.
10. She has many friends in America.
Adjective
1. Even he was (asleep, sleeping) but his brain seemed to be at work.
2. Today John is (good, well) so he smiles all time.
3. A (good, well) student must be at school every day.
4. We live in the (wooded, wood) houses.
5. I saw the (awake, waking) boy in the house last night.
6. A (ill, sick) man can't work hard.
7. He is my (older, elder) brother working with this company.
Adjective
1. (................) Seri is tall six feet.
2. (................) This road is twenty feet wide.
3. (................) She is sixteen years old.
4. (................) Is there necessary anything to do?
5. (................) I here is nothing important for us to see.
6. (................) The wise John is coming here soon.
7. (................) We love Napoleon, the Great.
8. (................) Burma is our neighboring country.
9. (................) Isabella is a well girl.
10. (................) I am a short teacher.
11. (................) David is interested in new something.
12. (................) They are twenty years old.
English Grammar
Page 30
Chapter 4
Verbs
Types ()
(Action) (being)
(state of being)
He eats
He is a boy.
He seemed tired.
He went home
She has a beautiful house. This cake tastes good.
1. (Object) 2
1.1 Transitive Verbs () He bought a
book. ( a book )
1.2 Intransitive Verbs () He arrived late.
2. (Main Verbs) (Auxiliary Verbs)
2.1 Main Verbs ( ) He
went to Australia last year.
2.2 Auxiliary Verbs ( ) He has gone to
Australia.
3. ( Finite Verbs) ( Non-finite Verbs)
Finite Verbs ( )
Subject , Tense, Voice Mood
Subject
Tense
I go to school every day
He goes to school every day
He goes to school every day
He went to school yesterday
They go to school every day
He's going to school tomorrow
Mood
Voice
Someone killed the snake. ( Active ) I recommend that he see a doctor.
The snake was killed . ( Passive )
( he sees )
If I were you, I would not do it. ( I was )
English Grammar
Page 31
Non-finite Verbs ( ) Verbal
3
a. Infinitives 1 to noun ,
adjective adverb
He lacked the strength to resist.
( to resist adjective)
We must study to learn.
( to learn adverb)
b. Gerunds ing ( noun )
They do not appreciate my singing.
( singing )
I like swimming.
. ( swimming like )
c. Participles ing 3 ( Adjective
) 2
* Present Participles ing
The crying baby had a wet diaper.
( crying baby )
* Past Participles 3
The broken bottle is on the floor.
4. (conjugation)
Regular Verbs ( ) ed past past participle
walk
stop
work
walked
stopped
worked
walked
Stopped
worked
sent
went
saw
sent
Gone
seen
Page 32
Chapter 5
Adverbs
1. I run quickly.
2. She looks at me angrily.
* Adverb of Manner
-ly adjective adjective y y a , e , o , u
y i -ly
good well
adjective adverb hard , fast , late , early
English Grammar
Page 33
2. Adverb of Degree very = , quite = , rather =
, almost = , extremely = , too =
English Grammar
Page 34
Adverbs
1. He worked carefully in the office every day last year.
(M)
(P)
(F)
(T)
2. My sun sometimes went go to school by bike last month
M = Manner
P = Place
F = Frequency
F = Time
Adverb Adverb
Page 35
I must go now.
Somsri bought a book yesterday.
2. Adverb of Place near, far, in, out, here, there, inside,
outside, outside, etc,
English Grammar
Page 36
Interrogative Adverb
6
1. (Time) When () How long ()
When will he come here again? ? Next Year.
How long have you been here? ? For five years. 5
2. (Place) When ()
Where does he live? ? He lives in Bangkok.
3. (Number How many () How often ()
How often does she come here? ? ()
How many books have he? Ten. ? 10
4. (Manner) How ()
How do you do this?
How does she come here?
5. (Puantity) How much ()
How much do you pay?
How much is it? ?
6. (Reason) Why ()
Why do they go to Hong Kong every day? ?
Why doesn't she love you? ?
Conjunctive Adverb
why, where, when, how, whenever,
while, as, wherever, etc.
comjunctive adverb 2
I know what you did yesterday. (what conjunctive
adverb)
He knows how I go there. (how conjunctive adverb)
Do as I told you. (As conjunctive adverb)
He will go wherever she goes. (wherever conjunctive
adverb)
My aunt likes to visit me whenever I am at home. (whenever
conjunctive adverb)
English Grammar
Page 37
Adverb
Adverb
1. adverb
Daily ,
Sometimes
Week, month, etc. , ,
2.
here, there, hard, always, well, often, too, very, early, seldom, etc.
3. adverb
to + day = today
to + morrow= tomorrow
in + side= inside
out + side= outside
4. A
a + way= away, ,
a + go= ago
a + bed= abed
a + foot= afoot,
a + live= alive
5. ly
Adverb ly
5.1 Adjective y y y I ly
easy
heavy
happy
merry
lazy
English Grammar
easily
heavily
happily
merrily
lazily
Page 38
5.2 Adjective e e l e y
ly
suitable
simple
comfortable
suitalbly
simply
somfortably
5.3 1-2
(Adverb) ly
bad
brave
quick
slow
wise
sad
badly
bravely
quickly
slowly
wisely
sadly
Adverb Adjective
Adverb Adjective Adverb
Adjective Adverb
Adjective
Adjective Adverb
fast
hard
low
loud
enough
English Grammar
first
deep
high
wrong
short
fair
long
right
straight
late
Page 39
Verb to be, taste, feel, smell,
etc. Adjective Verb to do
Adverb
Adjective
This is a fast train.
He is a hard worker.
Adverb
This train runs fast.
Adverb ly ly
late
hard
direct
fair
high
near
short
Adjective :
Adverb :
English Grammar
ly
lately
hardly
directly
fairly
highly
nearly
shortly
late , lately
Daeng was late for his class.
They com late.
Page 40
Adjective Adverb
1. The weather is..................cold today. (many, much, very, too)
2. She is..................old to work with me. (very, much, little, too)
3. He writes his name..................(well, bad, quick, slow)
4. Don't go to school..................(lately, late, soon)
5. My family lived with each other..................(happy, happily, happiness)
6. It is raining..................to go out. (hardly, hard, hardness)
7. Your answer is very..................(correctly, correct)
8. I..................get up at six o'clock. (usual, usually)
9. The Thai soldiers fought with the Burmese..................(brave, bravely)
10. I..................(hard, hardly)have free time these days.
11. These students go to school..................(late, lately)every day.
12. Isabella has just heard from her husband..................(late, lately)
13. John is a..................(short, shortly)man.
Adjective Adverb
14. That plane flew high over the high mountain.
_____________________.
15. The water in the Chao Phaya River is deep and it runs deep.
_____________________.
16. Lob comes late to class today. He is ten minutes late.
_____________________.
17. Chit must work hard because his work is hard.
_____________________.
18. This is a fast train and it will run fast.
_____________________.
19. Your answer is right because you do it right.
_____________________.
20. His voice is loud so he speaks loud.
_____________________.
English Grammar
Page 41
Chapter 6
Prepositions
Preposition
on, in, under, at, between
1.
1.1 (prepositions of place) at, on, in, etc.
Jane is at home.
Henry is on the ship.
The Smiths are in Italy.
1.2 (prepositions of position) above, beneath, behind, in front
of, etc.
There is a big tree in front of Janes house.
Henry is hiding behind the bush.
Peters book is beneath Bills book.
1.3 (prepositions of motion) through, into, towards, out
of, away from, etc.
Page 42
1.6 (prepositions of manner) in, with, without, etc.
English Grammar
Page 43
in on at
at
at noon
at night
at midday
at six o'clock
at Christmas
at
at first
at once
at last
at lunch time
at present
on
on Sunday
on Monday
on Tuesday
on Wednesday
on Thursday
on Friday
on Saturday
on
on May 1st
1
on Christmas Day
on holiday
on vacation
in
in the morning
in the afternoon
in the evening
English Grammar
Page 44
in
in 2000
2000
in summer
in June 1999
.. 1999
in the 21th century
21
in the past
in time
in the future
in a few months
2-3
in two hours
in a week's time
in on at
at at 224 Mango Street, at 987 Big Elm Road, at 67 Sukhumvit Road
at
at home
at the hospital
at the airport
at the meeting
at the window
at the river
at the concert
at
at work
at best
at will
at least
at loss
at worst
at large
on
on Silom Road
English Grammar
Page 45
on the table
on the ceiling
on the sidewalk
on the floor
on the train
on a bicycle
on the wall
on the coast
on paper
on business
on tour
on the radio
on air
on television
on the phone
on purpose
on fire
on the list
on pleasure
on duty
on guard
on
on
in
in Chiang Mai
in Asia
in the world
in the army
in the sky
in the river
in the sea
English Grammar
Page 46
during
till, until
before
after
from
from...to
from...till
between... and
by
in front of
outside
inside
behind
English Grammar
...
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Chapter 7
Conjunctions
Conjunction
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as well as "" 2
Manop as well as his friends is playing football.
He as well as I is sick.
Not only...but also "... "
Malisa is not beautiful but also clever.
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not only.......but also "" 2
Not only your friends but also your sister wants to see the cinema tonight.
Not only I but also my friends are studying English every day.
Conjunction
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Chapter 8
Interjection
(Interjection)
(Exclamation mark) !
Aha!
Gee Whiz!
Hey!
Nuts!
Phew!
Whoopee!
Yuck!
Ahem!
Good!
Hooray!
Oh no!
Right on!
Wow!
Tut! tut!
All right!
Gosh!
Indeed!
Oops!
Ugh!
Yikes!
Hey!
(Phrase)
Ala! Im sad.
Ah! Im surprised.
Ah! Im happy.
Ah! Im disappointed.
Bravo! Well done.
Gadzooks!
Yippee!
My Goodness!
Ouch!
Dear me!
Yoo-hoo!
Pooh!
Ha! Im happy.
Ha! Im surprised.
Hurrah! Im exited.
Hush! Keep quite.
Oh! What a surprise!
1. (Joy) Hurrah! () , Ah! (), Ha ()
Hurrah! We have won.
2. (Sorrow) Alas! ()
Alas! He is ruined.
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4. (Excitement, Approval)
Bravo! ()
Bravo! Well done.
5. (Happiness) Ah! (), Ha! ()
Ha! Im happy.
6. (Silence) Hush! ( )
Hush! The baby is asleep.
(Exclamation Sentence)
What beautiful flowers!
What a pity!
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