Inhaled air which is rich in oxygen is found

inside the alveolus

The oxygen dissolves in the moist lining of
alveolus and then diffuses into the blood
capillaries.
Diffusion of oxygen takes place from an area
of higher concentration of gas to an area of
lower concentration of gas.
The blood inside the capillaries contains red
blood cells which are rich in a substance
called haemoglobin.


Oxygen combine with the haemoglobin in the red blood
cells to form oxyhaemoglobin.
The blood rich in oxygen then leaves the lungs and is
carried by bigger blood vessels to the heart.
When the hearts pumps, the oxygenated blood is
distributed to all parts of the body.
When the blood reaches cells that do not have enough
oxygen, the oxyhaemoglobin is broken down and oxygen
is released.
The oxygen then diffuses through the walls of the
capillaries into the cells.
At the same time, carbon dioxide from the cells diffuses
into the blood capillaries to be carried back to the lungs.
Adaptation of the alveoli for efficient gas
exchange
ALVEOLI
Large
Surface
Area
Moist
Inner
Surface
Surrounded by
Numerous Blood
Capillaries
Very Thin
Walls
THE IMPORTANCE OF A HEALTHY
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1. The respiratory system will be affected if
exposed to particular and excessive pollutants.
2. Pollutants are divided into two types, that is
gaseous pollutant and tiny particles.
3. Gaseous pollutant includes:
a. carbon monoxide vehicle exhaust
b. nitrogen oxide - acidic gas from factories
c. hydrocarbon
d. sulphur dioxide acidic gas from factories,
burning and fossil fuel.
4. Tiny particles includes:
a. dust particles
b. impurities floating in the atmosphere
5. Most pollutant are toxic and carcinogenic (cigarette smoke).
Toxicity is the substances that can harm living
cells, while carcinogenic is the substances that can lead to
the production of cancerous cells.
6. Nicotine and tar are found in cigarette smoke (cause
blacken the lung).
7. Toxic substances are known as toxins, while carcinogenic
substances are known as carcinogens (substances that cause
cancer).
8. Diseases of the respiratory system include:
a. Emphysema of the lung short of breath
b. Bronchitis irritation and inflammation
c. Lung cancer
d. Asthma narrow the airways- difficult to breath

Activity 1.2
And
Activity 1.5
Answer in PBS

Pass up before 5/2/14
Wednesday
Model : pass up before :
14/2/14


Name :
Class :