Quadratic Equation

Mind Map

Quadratic
Equation

Forming QE
Identify QE Solving QE Type of Root
from Roots

Example of QE x2 – SoRx +
General Form Root of QE 3 Methods
and non-QE PoR = 0

Value of a, b SoR = -b/a

Substitution Factorisation
and c PoR = c/a

Intersection of Completing the A few example

Graph Square of SoR and PoR

Formula

Quadratic Equation Difference Between Quadratic Eqaution and

In mathematics, a quadratic equation is a Quadratic Function
polynomial equation of the second degree. The
general form is

ax 2 + bx + c = 0
where a ≠ 0. (For a = 0, the equation becomes a
linear equation.)
The letters a, b, and c are called coefficients: the
quadratic coefficient a is the coefficient of x2, the
linear coefficient b is the coefficient of x, and c is
the constant coefficient, also called the free term or
constant term.

Example of Quadratic Equation

2 x2 − 5 = 0
1 − 6 x2 = 3
6 x + 3x 2 = 0
x2 = 0

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Quadratic Equation
Solving Quadratic Equation
3 Methods:
z Factorisation
z Completing The Square
z Quadratic Formula

Factorisation

Example
Solve x2 + 5x + 6 = 0.

Answer
x2 + 5x + 6 = (x + 2)(x + 3)

Set this equal to zero:

(x + 2)(x + 3) = 0

Solve each factor:

x + 2 = 0 or x + 3 = 0
x = –2 or x = – 3
The solution of x2 + 5x + 6 = 0 is x = –3, –2

Completing The Square

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Quadratic Formula

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Quadratic Equation
Forming Quadratic Equation from Its Roots

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Quadratic Equation

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Quadratic Equation

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Quadratic Equation

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Quadratic Equation

Nature of Roots of a Quadratic Equation

2
The expression b − 4ac in the general formula is called the discriminant of the equation, as it determines
the type of roots that the equation has.

b 2 − 4ac > 0 ⇔ two real and distinct roots

b 2 − 4ac = 0 ⇔ two real and equal roots
b 2 − 4ac < 0 ⇔ no real roots
b 2 − 4ac ≥ 0 ⇔ the roots are real

e.g. 1: e.g. 3:
Find the range of values of k for which the equation Find the range of values of p for which the equation
2x 2 + 5x + 3 − k = 0 has two real distinct roots. x 2 − 2 px + p 2 + 5 p − 6 = 0 has no real roots.

b 2 − 4ac > 0 b 2 − 4ac < 0

(5) 2 − 4(2)(3 − k ) > 0 (−2 p ) 2 − 4(1)( p 2 + 5 p − 6) < 0
25 − 24 + 8k > 0 4 p 2 − 4 p 2 − 20 p + 24 < 0
1 + 8k > 0 −20 p + 24 < 0
8k > −1 −20 p < −24
−1 20 p > 24
k>
8 24
p>
20
e.g. 2:
2 6
The roots of 3x + kx + 12 = 0 are equal. Find k. p>
5
b 2 − 4ac = 0
(k ) 2 − 4(3)(12) = 0
k 2 − 144 = 0
k 2 = 144
k = ± 144
k = ±12

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e.g. 4:
2 2
Show that the equation a x + 3ax + 2 = 0
always has real roots.

b 2 − 4ac
= (3a ) 2 − 4(a 2 )(2)
= 9 a 2 − 8a 2
= a2

a2 >0 for all values of a. Therefore

b 2 − 4ac > 0

Proven that
a 2 x 2 + 3ax + 2 = 0 always has real roots.