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PROJECT REPORT
ON
CELLPHONE OPERATED LANDROVER
SUBMITTED BY:
NAME ROLL NO.
We would like to thank the whole ECE Department of U..C.E.R. for their
continuous cooperation and clarification of doubts while carrying out
project work.
Our special thanks goes to all the faculty members and college
administration of U.C.E.R. for their assistance and encouragement.
Last but not the least we express our sincere thanks to the institute
UNITED COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH NAINI
ALLAHABAD for providing such a platform for implementing the ideas
in our mind.
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ABOUT THE POROJECT
3. SIGNIFICATION OF THE PROJECT
5. TECHNOLOGY USED (DTMF SIGNALLING)
6. PCB CONSTRUCTION
7. OPERATION OF THE PROJECT
HARDWARE PART :
SOFTWARE PART :
1. ROLE OF THE SOFTWARE
2. WHICH LANGUAGE USED
3. REQUIREMENT OF RUN SOFTWARE
4. ALGORITHM WITH DAATA FLOW DIGRAM
5. SOURCE CODE
6. FLOWCHART
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT :
1. APPLICATIONS
2. ADVANTAGES
3. DISADVANTAGES
4. FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS & FUTURE SCOPE
5. DATASHEETS
6. CONCLUISION
7. REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION :
1.) Perception,
2.) Processing,
3.) Action.
Generally, the preceptors are sensors mounted on the robot, processing is
done by on-board micro controller or processor, and the task (action) is
performed using motors or with some other actuators.
PROJECT OVERVIEW :
In this project, the robot is controlled by a mobile phone that makes a call
to the mobile phone attached to the robot. In the coarse of a call, if any
button is pressed, a tone corresponding to the button pressed is heard at
the other end of the call. This tone is called ‘dual-tone multiple-
frequency’ (DTMF) tone. The robot perceives this DTMF tone with the
help of the phone stacked in the robot.
The mobile that makes a call to the mobile phone stacked in the robot
acts as a remote. So this simple robotic project does not require the
construction of receiver and transmitter units.
DTMF signaling is used for telephone signaling over the line in the
voice-frequency band to the call switching centre. The version of DTMF
used for telephone tone dialing is known as ‘Touch-Tone’.
Radio control (often abbreviated to R/C or simply RC) is the use of radio
signals to remotely control a device. The term is used frequently to refer
to the control of model vehicles from a hand-held radio transmitter.
Industrial, military, and scientific research organizations make [traffic]
use of radio-controlled vehicles as well.
One of the key technologies which underpin this field is that of remote
vehicle control. It is vital that a vehicle should be capable of proce eding
accurately to a target area; maneuvering within that area to fulfill its
mission and retur ning equally accurately and safely to base.
Telephon e Keypad
The contempor ary keypad is laid out in a 3x4 grid, although
the original DTMF keypad had an additional column for four now-
defunct menu selector keys. When used to dial a telephone number, pressi
ng a single key will produce a pitch consisting of two simultaneous pure
tone sinusoidal frequencies. The row in which the key appears dete
rmines the low frequency, and the column dete rmines the high
frequency. For example, pressi ng the !1! key will result in a sound
composed of both a 697 and a 1209 hertz (Hz) tone. The original keypads
had levers inside, so each button activated two contacts. The multiple
tones are the reason for calling the system multifrequency. These tones
are then decoded by the switching center to determi ne which key was
pressed.
A DTMF Telephon e Keypad
OVERVIEW OF CIRCUIT COMPONENT :
PARTS LIST:-
Semiconductors:
IC1 - MT8870 DTMF Decoder
IC2 - ATmega16 AVR microcontroller
IC3 - L293D motor driver
IC4 - 74LS04 NOT gate
D1 - 1N4007 rectifier diode
Capacitors:
C1 - 0.47µF ceramic disk
C2, C3, C5, C6 - 22 pF ceramic disk
C4 - 0.1µF ceramic disk
Miscellaneous:
XTAL1 -3.57MHz crystal
XTAL2 - 12MHz crystal
S1 - Push-to-on switch
M1, M2 - 6V, 50-rpm geared DC motor
Batt. - 6V, 4.5Ah battery
FLOW DIAGRAM OF OPERATION :
DESCRIPTION:
As shown in the above block diagram, first block is the cell phone .so, it
acts as a DTMF generator with tone depending upon key pressed. DTMF
Decoder ,i.e.,IC CM8870 decodes the received tone & gives binary
equivalent of it to the microcontroller. The controller is programmed such
that appropriate output is given to Motor Driver IC L293D which will
drive the two DC Motors connected to it. The concept used for driving is
‘Differential Drive’. So, ultimately the two motors rotate according to the
key pressed on the keypad of the cell phone.
PCB CONSTRUCTION :
Step 1:
Step 3
Apply Image:
Apply photosensitive dryfilm (plate resist) to panel. Use light source and
film to expose panel. Develop selected areas from panel.
Step 4 :
Pattern Plate:
Electrochemical process to build copper in the holes and on the trace
area. Apply tin to surface.
Step 5 :
Strip & Etch:
Remove dryfilm, then etch exposed copper. The tin protects the
copper circuitry from being etched.
Step 6 :
Solder mask:
Apply solder mask area to entire board with the exception of solder pads
Step 7 :
Solder coat:
Apply solder to pads by immersing into tank of solder. Hot air knives
level the solder when removed from the tank
Step 8 :
Nomenclature & Fabrication
Apply white letter marking using screen printing process. Route the
perimeter of the board using NC equipment.
WORKING :
In order to control the robot, you have to make a call to the cellphone
attached to the robot from any phone.
now the phone is picked by the phone on the robot through autoanswer
mode(which is in the phn, just enable it).
now when you press 2 the robot will move forward
when you press 4 the robot will move left
when you press 8 the robot will move backwards
when you press 6 the robot will move right
when you press 5 the robot will stop.
Fig.1
TOP VIEW:
Fig.2
IC 2 L293D
ENABLE FACILITY
OVERTEMPERATURE PROTECTION
LOGICAL "0" INPUT VOLTAGE UP TO 1.5 V
(HIGH NOISE IMMUNITY)
INTERNAL CLAMP DIODES
BLOCK DIAGRAM :
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
VS Supply Voltage 36 V
VSS Logic Supply Voltage 36 V
Vi Input Voltage 7 V
Ven Enable Voltage 7 V
Io Peak Output Current (100 s non repetitive) 1.2 A
Ptot Total Power Dissipation at Tpins = 90 C 4 W
Tstg, Tj Storage and Junction Temperature – 40 to 150 C
PIN DIAGRAM :
DESCRIPTION :
The Device is a monolithic integrated high voltage,
high current four channel driver designed to
accept standard DTL or TTL logic levels and drive
inductive loads (such as relays solenoides, DC
and stepping motors) and switching power transistors.
To simplify use as two bridges each pair of channels
is equipped with an enable input. A separate
supply input is provided for the logic, allowing operation
at a lower voltage and internal clamp diodes
are included.
This device is suitable for use in switching application at frequencies upto
5 khz
IC 1 MT8870
DESCRIPTION :
The software is written in ‘C’ language and compiled using Code Vision
AVR ‘C’ compiler. The source program is converted into hex code by the
compiler. Burn this hex code into ATmega16 AVR microcontroller.
The source program is well commented and easy to understand. First
include the register name defined specifically for ATmega16 and also
declare the variable. Set port A as the input and port D as the output. The
program will run forever by using ‘while’ loop. Under ‘while’ loop, read
port A and test the received input using ‘switch’ statement. The
corresponding data will output at port D after testing of the received data.
LANGUAGE USED
“C” LANGUAGE
1. 256 MB RAM
2. 10 GB HARDDISK
3. WIN 2000 OR XP
Source program:
Robit.c
#include <mega16.h>
void main(void)
{
unsigned int k, h;
DDRA=0x00;
DDRD=0XFF;
while (1)
{
k =~PINA;
h=k & 0x0F;
switch (h)
{
APPLICATIONS :
Scientific :
UAVs will likely play an increased role in search and rescue in the
United States. This was demonstrated by the successful use of UAVs
during the 2008 hurricanes that struck Louisiana and Texas.
Recreation and Hobby :
ADVANTAGES :
1.Wireless control
2. Surveillance System.
3. Vehicle Navigation with use of 3G technology.
3. Takes in use of the mobile technology which is almost
available everywhere.
4. This wireless device has no boundation of range and
can be controlled as far as network of cell phone
DISADVANTAGES :
1. IR Sensors:
2. Password Protection:
Project can be modified in order to password protect the robot so that it
can be operated only if correct password is entered. Either cell phone
should be password protected or necessary modification should be made
in the assembly language code. This introduces conditioned access &
increases security to a great extent.
4. Adding a Camera:
If the current project is interfaced with a camera(e.g. a Webcam) robot
can be driven beyond line-of-sight & range becomes practically unlimited
as GSM networks have a very large range.
DATASHEETS
PINNACLE ENVIROMENT:
To sum up, in these 06 weeks I had come across all the processes
Related to the electronics Project designing.
REFERENCES
2. h t t p : // ww w . 8051 p r o j e c t s . i n f o /
3. h t t p : // ww w . i n s t r u c t a b l es . c o m /
4. c e ll p h o n e o p e ra te d la n d roEvleecrt r onics For You’ Magazine
,
Edition (july 2008)
6. h t t p : // ww w . a l l d a t a s h ee t . c o m /
7. h t t p : // ww w . d a t a s h ee t 4u . c o m /