Statics Chapter 4

PROBLEM 4.
1
The boom on a 4300-kg truck is used to unload a pallet of shingles of
mass 1600 kg. Determine the reaction at each of the two (a) rear
wheels B, (b) front wheels C.
SOLUTION
(
WA = mA g = (1600 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 )
= 15696 N
or WA = 15.696 kN
(
WG = mG g = ( 4300 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 )
= 42 183 N
or WG = 42.183 kN
(a) From f.b.d. of truck with boom
ΣM C = 0: (15.696 kN ) ( 0.5 + 0.4 + 6 cos15° ) m  − 2FB ( 0.5 + 0.4 + 4.3) m 
+ ( 42.183 kN )( 0.5 m ) = 0
126.185
∴ 2 FB = = 24.266 kN
5.2
or FB = 12.13 kN
(b) From f.b.d. of truck with boom
ΣM B = 0: (15.696 kN ) ( 6 cos15° − 4.3) m  − ( 42.183 kN ) ( 4.3 + 0.4 ) m 

+ 2 FC ( 4.3 + 0.9 ) m  = 0
174.786
∴ 2 FC = = 33.613 kN
5.2
or FC = 16.81 kN
Check: ΣFy = 0: ( 33.613 − 42.183 + 24.266 − 15.696 ) kN = 0?

( 57.879 − 57.879 ) kN = 0 ok
PROBLEM 4.2
Two children are standing on a diving board of mass 65 kg. Knowing that
the masses of the children at C and D are 28 kg and 40 kg, respectively,
determine (a) the reaction at A, (b) the reaction at B.
SOLUTION
( )
WG = mG g = ( 65 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 637.65 N
( )
WC = mC g = ( 28 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 274.68 N
( )
WD = mD g = ( 40 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 392.4 N
(a) From f.b.d. of diving board

ΣM B = 0: − Ay (1.2 m ) − ( 637.65 N )( 0.48 m ) − ( 274.68 N )(1.08 m ) − ( 392.4 N )( 2.08 m ) = 0
1418.92
∴ Ay = − = −1182.43 N
1.2
or A y = 1.182 kN
(b) From f.b.d. of diving board

ΣM A = 0: By (1.2 m ) − 637.65 N (1.68 m ) − 274.68 N ( 2.28 m ) − 392.4 N ( 3.28 m ) = 0
2984.6
∴ By = = 2487.2 N
1.2
or B y = 2.49 kN
Check: ΣFy = 0: ( −1182.43 + 2487.2 − 637.65 − 274.68 − 392.4 ) N = 0?

( 2487.2 − 2487.2 ) N = 0 ok
PROBLEM 4.3
Two crates, each weighing 250 lb, are placed as shown in the bed of a
3000-lb pickup truck. Determine the reactions at each of the two
(a) rear wheels A, (b) front wheels B.
SOLUTION
(a) From f.b.d. of truck

ΣM B = 0: ( 250 lb )(12.1 ft ) + ( 250 lb )( 6.5 ft ) + ( 3000 lb )( 3.9 ft ) − ( 2FA )( 9.8 ft ) = 0
16350
∴ 2 FA = = 1668.37 lb
9.8
∴ FA = 834 lb
(b) From f.b.d. of truck
ΣM A = 0: ( 2FB )( 9.8 ft ) − ( 3000 lb )( 5.9 ft ) − ( 250 lb )( 3.3 ft ) + ( 250 lb )( 2.3 ft ) = 0
17950
∴ 2 FB = = 1831.63 lb
9.8
∴ FB = 916 lb
Check: ΣFy = 0: ( −250 + 1668.37 − 250 − 3000 + 1831.63) lb = 0?

( 3500 − 3500 ) lb = 0 ok
PROBLEM 4.4
Solve Problem 4.3 assuming that crate D is removed and that the position
of crate C is unchanged.
P4.3 The boom on a 4300-kg truck is used to unload a pallet of
shingles of mass 1600 kg. Determine the reaction at each of the two
(a) rear wheels B, (b) front wheels C
SOLUTION
(a) From f.b.d. of truck

ΣM B = 0: ( 3000 lb )( 3.9 ft ) − ( 2FA )( 9.8 ft ) + ( 250 lb )(12.1 ft ) = 0
14725
∴ 2 FA = = 1502.55 lb
9.8
or FA = 751 lb
(b) From f.b.d. of truck
ΣM A = 0: ( 2FB )( 9.8 ft ) − ( 3000 lb )( 5.9 ft ) + ( 250 lb )( 2.3 ft ) = 0
17125
∴ 2 FB = = 1747.45 lb
9.8
or FB = 874 lb
Check: ΣFy = 0:  2 ( 751 + 874 ) − 3000 − 250  lb = 0?
( 3250 − 3250 ) lb = 0 ok
PROBLEM 4.5
A T-shaped bracket supports the four loads shown. Determine the reactions
at A and B if (a) a = 100 mm, (b) a = 70 mm.
SOLUTION
(a)
From f.b.d. of bracket

ΣM B = 0: − (10 N )( 0.18 m ) − ( 30 N )( 0.1 m ) + ( 40 N )( 0.06 m ) + A ( 0.12 m ) = 0
2.400
∴ A= = 20 N or A = 20.0 N
0.12
ΣM A = 0: B ( 0.12 m ) − ( 40 N )( 0.06 m ) − ( 50 N )( 0.12 m ) − ( 30 N )( 0.22 m ) − (10 N )( 0.3 m ) = 0
18.000
∴ B= = 150 N or B = 150.0 N
0.12
(b)

ΣM B = 0: − (10 N )( 0.15 m ) − ( 30 N )( 0.07 m ) + ( 40 N )( 0.06 m ) + A ( 0.12 m ) = 0
1.200
∴ A= = 10 N or A = 10.00 N
0.12
ΣM A = 0: B ( 0.12 m ) − ( 40 N )( 0.06 m ) − ( 50 N )( 0.12 m ) − ( 30 N )( 0.19 m )
− (10 N )( 0.27 m ) = 0
16.800
∴ B= = 140 N or B = 140.0 N
0.12
PROBLEM 4.6
For the bracket and loading of Problem 4.5, determine the smallest
distance a if the bracket is not to move.
P4.5 A T-shaped bracket supports the four loads shown. Determine the
reactions at A and B if (a) a = 100 mm, (b) a = 70 mm.
SOLUTION
The amin value will be based on A = 0
ΣM B = 0: ( 40 N )( 60 mm ) − ( 30 N )( a ) − (10 N )( a + 80 mm ) = 0
1600
∴a= = 40 mm
40
or amin = 40.0 mm
PROBLEM 4.7
A hand truck is used to move two barrels, each weighing 80 lb.
Neglecting the weight of the hand truck, determine (a) the vertical force
P which should be applied to the handle to maintain equilibrium when
α = 35o , (b) the corresponding reaction at each of the two wheels.
SOLUTION
a1 = ( 20 in.) sin α − ( 8 in.) cos α
a2 = ( 32 in.) cos α − ( 20 in.) sin α
b = ( 64 in.) cos α
From f.b.d. of hand truck

ΣM B = 0: P ( b ) − W ( a2 ) + W ( a1 ) = 0 (1)
ΣFy = 0: P − 2w + 2 B = 0 (2)
For α = 35°
a1 = 20sin 35° − 8cos 35° = 4.9183 in.
a2 = 32cos 35° − 20sin 35° = 14.7413 in.
b = 64cos 35° = 52.426 in.

(a) From Equation (1)
P ( 52.426 in.) − 80 lb (14.7413 in.) + 80 lb ( 4.9183 in.) = 0
∴ P = 14.9896 lb or P = 14.99 lb
(b) From Equation (2)
14.9896 lb − 2 ( 80 lb ) + 2 B = 0
∴ B = 72.505 lb or B = 72.5 lb
PROBLEM 4.8
Solve Problem 4.7 when α = 40o.
P4.7 A hand truck is used to move two barrels, each weighing 80 lb.
Neglecting the weight of the hand truck, determine (a) the vertical force P
which should be applied to the handle to maintain equilibrium when
α = 35o , (b) the corresponding reaction at each of the two wheels.
SOLUTION
a1 = ( 20 in.) sin α − ( 8 in.) cos α
a2 = ( 32 in.) cos α − ( 20 in.) sin α
b = ( 64 in.) cos α
From f.b.d. of hand truck

ΣM B = 0: P ( b ) − W ( a2 ) + W ( a1 ) = 0 (1)
ΣFy = 0: P − 2w + 2 B = 0 (2)
For α = 40°
a1 = 20sin 40° − 8cos 40° = 6.7274 in.
a2 = 32cos 40° − 20sin 40° = 11.6577 in.
b = 64cos 40° = 49.027 in.

(a) From Equation (1)
P ( 49.027 in.) − 80 lb (11.6577 in.) + 80 lb ( 6.7274 in.) = 0
∴ P = 8.0450 lb
or P = 8.05 lb
8.0450 lb − 2 ( 80 lb ) + 2 B = 0
∴ B = 75.9775 lb
or B = 76.0 lb
PROBLEM 4.9
Four boxes are placed on a uniform 14-kg wooden plank which rests
on two sawhorses. Knowing that the masses of boxes B and D are
4.5 kg and 45 kg, respectively, determine the range of values of the
mass of box A so that the plank remains in equilibrium when box C is
removed.
SOLUTION
WA = m A g WD = mD g = 45 g
WB = mB g = 4.5 g WG = mG g = 14 g
For ( m A )min, E = 0
ΣM F = 0: ( mA g )( 2.5 m ) + ( 4.5g )(1.6 m )

+ (14 g )(1 m ) − ( 45g )( 0.6 m ) = 0
∴ m A = 2.32 kg
For ( m A )max, F = 0:
ΣM E = 0: mA g ( 0.5 m ) − ( 4.5g )( 0.4 m ) − (14 g )(1 m )
− ( 45g )( 2.6 m ) = 0
∴ mA = 265.6 kg
or 2.32 kg ≤ mA ≤ 266 kg
PROBLEM 4.10
A control rod is attached to a crank at A and cords are attached at B and
C. For the given force in the rod, determine the range of values of the
tension in the cord at C knowing that the cords must remain taut and that
the maximum allowed tension in a cord is 180 N.
SOLUTION
For (TC )max, TB = 0
ΣM O = 0: (TC )max ( 0.120 m ) − ( 400 N )( 0.060 m ) = 0
(TC )max = 200 N > Tmax = 180 N
∴ (TC )max = 180.0 N
For (TC )min , TB = Tmax = 180 N
ΣM O = 0: (TC )min ( 0.120 m ) + (180 N )( 0.040 m )

− ( 400 N )( 0.060 m ) = 0
∴ (TC )min = 140.0 N
Therefore, 140.0 N ≤ TC ≤ 180.0 N

PROBLEM 4.11
The maximum allowable value of each of the reactions is 360 N.
Neglecting the weight of the beam, determine the range of values of the
distance d for which the beam is safe.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d. of beam
ΣFx = 0: Bx = 0 so that B = By
ΣFy = 0: A + B − (100 + 200 + 300 ) N = 0
or A + B = 600 N
Therefore, if either A or B has a magnitude of the maximum of 360 N,
the other support reaction will be < 360 N ( 600 N − 360 N = 240 N ) .
ΣM A = 0: (100 N )( d ) − ( 200 N )( 0.9 − d ) − ( 300 N )(1.8 − d )

+ B (1.8 − d ) = 0
720 − 1.8B
or d =
600 − B
Since B ≤ 360 N,
720 − 1.8 ( 360 )

d = = 0.300 m or d ≥ 300 mm
600 − 360
ΣM B = 0: (100 N )(1.8) − A (1.8 − d ) + ( 200 N )( 0.9 ) = 0
1.8 A − 360
or d =
A
Since A ≤ 360 N,
1.8 ( 360 ) − 360

d = = 0.800 m or d ≤ 800 mm
360
or 300 mm ≤ d ≤ 800 mm
PROBLEM 4.12
Solve Problem 4.11 assuming that the 100-N load is replaced by a 160-N
load.
P4.11 The maximum allowable value of each of the reactions is 360 N.
Neglecting the weight of the beam, determine the range of values of the
distance d for which the beam is safe.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d of beam
ΣFx = 0: Bx = 0 so that B = By
ΣFy = 0: A + B − (160 + 200 + 300 ) N = 0
or A + B = 660 N
Therefore, if either A or B has a magnitude of the maximum of 360 N,
the other support reaction will be < 360 N ( 660 − 360 = 300 N ) .
ΣM A = 0: 160 N ( d ) − 200 N ( 0.9 − d ) − 300 N (1.8 − d )
+ B (1.8 − d ) = 0
720 − 1.8B
or d =
660 − B
Since B ≤ 360 N,
720 − 1.8 ( 360 )

d = = 0.240 m or d ≥ 240 mm
660 − 360
ΣM B = 0: 160 N (1.8 ) − A (1.8 − d ) + 200 N ( 0.9 ) = 0
1.8 A − 468
or d =
A
Since A ≤ 360 N,
1.8 ( 360 ) − 468

d = = 0.500 m or d ≥ 500 mm
360
or 240 mm ≤ d ≤ 500 mm
PROBLEM 4.13
For the beam of Sample Problem 4.2, determine the range of values of
P for which the beam will be safe knowing that the maximum
allowable value of each of the reactions is 45 kips and that the
reaction at A must be directed upward.
SOLUTION
For the force of P to be a minimum, A = 0.

With A = 0,
ΣM B = 0: Pmin ( 6 ft ) − ( 6 kips )( 2 ft ) − ( 6 kips )( 4 ft ) = 0
∴ Pmin = 6.00 kips
For the force P to be a maximum, A = A max = 45 kips

With A = 45 kips,
ΣM B = 0: − ( 45 kips )( 9 ft ) + Pmax ( 6 ft ) − ( 6 kips )( 2 ft ) − ( 6 kips )( 4 ft ) = 0
∴ Pmax = 73.5 kips

A check must be made to verify the assumption that the maximum value of P is based on the reaction force at
A. This is done by making sure the corresponding value of B is < 45 kips.
ΣFy = 0: 45 kips − 73.5 kips + B − 6 kips − 6 kips = 0
∴ B = 40.5 kips < 45 kips ∴ ok or Pmax = 73.5 kips
and 6.00 kips ≤ P ≤ 73.5 kips

PROBLEM 4.14
For the beam and loading shown, determine the range of values of the
distance a for which the reaction at B does not exceed 50 lb
downward or 100 lb upward.
SOLUTION
To determine amax the two 150-lb forces need to be as close to B without

having the vertical upward force at B exceed 100 lb.
From f.b.d. of beam with B = 100 lb
ΣM D = 0: − (150 lb ) ( amax − 4 in.) − (150 lb ) ( amax − 1 in.)
− ( 25 lb )( 2 in.) + (100 lb )( 8 in.) = 0
or amax = 5.00 in.
To determine amin the two 150-lb forces need to be as close to A without

having the vertical downward force at B exceed 50 lb.
From f.b.d. of beam with B = 50 lb
ΣM D = 0: (150 lb )( 4 in. − amin ) − (150 lb )( amin − 1 in.)
− ( 25 lb )( 2 in.) − ( 50 lb )( 8 in.) = 0
or amin = 1.00 in.

Therefore, or 1.00 in. ≤ a ≤ 5.00 in.
PROBLEM 4.15
A follower ABCD is held against a circular cam by a stretched spring,
which exerts a force of 21 N for the position shown. Knowing that the
tension in rod BE is 14 N, determine (a) the force exerted on the roller
at A, (b) the reaction at bearing C.
SOLUTION
Note: From f.b.d. of ABCD

A
Ax = A cos 60° =
2
3
Ay = A sin 60° = A
2
(a) From f.b.d. of ABCD
 A
ΣM C = 0:   ( 40 mm ) − 21 N ( 40 mm )
2
+ 14 N ( 20 mm ) = 0
∴ A = 28 N
or A = 28.0 N 60°
(b) From f.b.d. of ABCD
ΣFx = 0: C x + 14 N + ( 28 N ) cos 60° = 0
∴ C x = −28 N or C x = 28.0 N
ΣFy = 0: C y − 21 N + ( 28 N ) sin 60° = 0
∴ C y = −3.2487 N or C y = 3.25 N
Then C = C x2 + C y2 = ( 28)2 + ( 3.2487 )2 = 28.188 N
 Cy  −1  −3.2487 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = 6.6182°
 Cx   −28 
or C = 28.2 N 6.62°
PROBLEM 4.16
A 6-m-long pole AB is placed in a hole and is guyed by three cables.
Knowing that the tensions in cables BD and BE are 442 N and 322 N,
respectively, determine (a) the tension in cable CD, (b) the reaction
at A.
SOLUTION
Note:
DB = ( 2.8)2 + ( 5.25)2 = 5.95 m
DC = ( 2.8)2 + ( 2.10 )2 = 3.50 m
(a) From f.b.d. of pole

 2.8 m  
ΣM A = 0: − ( 322 N )( 6 m ) +   ( 442 N )  ( 6 m )
 5.95 m  
 2.8 m  
+   TCD  ( 2.85 m ) = 0
 3.50 m  
∴ TCD = 300 N
or TCD = 300 N
(b) From f.b.d. of pole
 2.8 m 
ΣFx = 0: 322 N −   ( 442 N )
 5.95 m 
 2.8 m 
−  ( 300 N ) + Ax = 0
 3.50 m 
∴ Ax = 126 N or A x = 126 N
 5.25 m   2.10 m 
ΣFy = 0: Ay −   ( 442 N ) −  ( 300 N ) = 0
 5.95 m   3.50 m 
∴ Ay = 570 N or A y = 570 N
Then A= Ax2 + Ay2 = (126 )2 + ( 570 )2 = 583.76 N
 570 N 
and θ = tan −1   = 77.535°
 126 N 
or A = 584 N 77.5°
PROBLEM 4.17
Determine the reactions at A and C when (a) α = 0, (b) α = 30o.
SOLUTION
(a) (a) α = 0°
From f.b.d. of member ABC
ΣM C = 0: (80 lb )(10 in.) + (80 lb )( 20 in.) − A ( 40 in.) = 0
∴ A = 60 lb
or A = 60.0 lb
ΣFy = 0: C y + 60 lb = 0
∴ C y = −60 lb or C y = 60 lb
ΣFx = 0: 80 lb + 80 lb + Cx = 0
∴ C x = −160 lb or C x = 160 lb
Then C = C x2 + C y2 = (160 )2 + ( 60 )2 = 170.880 lb
 Cy  −1  −60 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = 20.556°
 Cx   −160 
or C = 170.9 lb 20.6°
(b) (b) α = 30°
From f.b.d. of member ABC
ΣM C = 0: (80 lb )(10 in.) + (80 lb )( 20 in.) − ( A cos 30° )( 40 in.)
+ ( A sin 30° )( 20 in.) = 0
∴ A = 97.399 lb
or A = 97.4 lb 60°
PROBLEM 4.17 CONTINUED
ΣFx = 0: 80 lb + 80 lb + ( 97.399 lb ) sin 30° + Cx = 0
∴ C x = −208.70 lb or C x = 209 lb
ΣFy = 0: C y + ( 97.399 lb ) cos 30° = 0
∴ C y = −84.350 lb or C y = 84.4 lb
Then C = C x2 + C y2 = ( 208.70 )2 + (84.350 )2 = 225.10 lb
 Cy  −1  −84.350 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = 22.007°
C
 x  −208.70 
or C = 225 lb 22.0°
PROBLEM 4.18
Determine the reactions at A and B when (a) h = 0, (b) h = 8 in.
SOLUTION
(a) (a) h = 0
From f.b.d. of plate
ΣM A = 0: ( B sin 30° )( 20 in.) − ( 40 lb )(10 in.) = 0
∴ B = 40 lb
or B = 40.0 lb 30°
ΣFx = 0: Ax − ( 40 lb ) cos 30° = 0
∴ Ax = 34.641 lb or A x = 34.6 lb
ΣFy = 0: Ay − 40 lb + ( 40 lb ) sin 30° = 0
∴ Ay = 20 lb or A y = 20.0 lb
Then A= Ax2 + Ay2 = ( 34.641)2 + ( 20 )2 = 39.999 lb
 Ay  −1  20 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = 30.001°
 Ax   34.641 
or A = 40.0 lb 30°
(b) (b) h = 8 in.
ΣM A = 0: ( B sin 30° )( 20 in.) − ( B cos 30° )(8 in.)
− ( 40 lb )(10 in.) = 0
∴ B = 130.217 lb
or B = 130.2 lb 30.0°
ΣFx = 0: Ax − (130.217 lb ) cos30° = 0
∴ Ax = 112.771 lb or A x = 112.8 lb
ΣFy = 0: Ay − 40 lb + (130.217 lb ) sin 30° = 0
∴ Ay = −25.108 lb or A y = 25.1 lb
Then A= Ax2 + Ay2 = (112.771)2 + ( 25.108)2 = 115.532 lb
 Ay  −1  −25.108 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = −12.5519°
A
 x  112.771 
or A = 115.5 lb 12.55°
PROBLEM 4.19
The lever BCD is hinged at C and is attached to a control rod at B. If
P = 200 N, determine (a) the tension in rod AB, (b) the reaction at C.
SOLUTION
(a) From f.b.d. of lever BCD

ΣM C = 0: TAB ( 50 mm ) − 200 N ( 75 mm ) = 0
∴ TAB = 300 N
(b) From f.b.d. of lever BCD
ΣFx = 0: 200 N + Cx + 0.6 ( 300 N ) = 0
∴ C x = −380 N or C x = 380 N
ΣFy = 0: C y + 0.8 ( 300 N ) = 0
∴ C y = −240 N or C y = 240 N
Then C = C x2 + C y2 = ( 380 )2 + ( 240 )2 = 449.44 N
 Cy  −1  −240 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = 32.276°
 Cx   −380 
or C = 449 N 32.3°
PROBLEM 4.20
The lever BCD is hinged at C and is attached to a control rod at B.
Determine the maximum force P which can be safely applied at D if the
maximum allowable value of the reaction at C is 500 N.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d. of lever BCD

ΣM C = 0: TAB ( 50 mm ) − P ( 75 mm ) = 0
∴ TAB = 1.5P (1)
ΣFx = 0: 0.6TAB + P − C x = 0
∴ C x = P + 0.6TAB (2)
From Equation (1) Cx = P + 0.6 (1.5P ) = 1.9P
ΣFy = 0: 0.8TAB − C y = 0
∴ C y = 0.8TAB (3)
From Equation (1) C y = 0.8 (1.5P ) = 1.2P
From Equations (2) and (3)
C = C x2 + C y2 = (1.9P )2 + (1.2P )2 = 2.2472 P
Since Cmax = 500 N,
∴ 500 N = 2.2472Pmax
or Pmax = 222.49 lb
or P = 222 lb
PROBLEM 4.21
The required tension in cable AB is 800 N. Determine (a) the vertical
force P which must be applied to the pedal, (b) the corresponding
reaction at C.
SOLUTION
(a) From f.b.d. of pedal
ΣM C = 0: P ( 0.4 m ) − ( 800 N ) ( 0.18 m ) sin 60° = 0
∴ P = 311.77 N
or P = 312 N
(b) From f.b.d. of pedal
ΣFx = 0: Cx − 800 N = 0
∴ Cx = 800 N
or C x = 800 N
ΣFy = 0: C y − 311.77 N = 0
∴ C y = 311.77 N
or C y = 311.77 N
Then C = C x2 + C y2 = (800 )2 + ( 311.77 )2 = 858.60 N
 Cy  −1  311.77 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = 21.291°
C
 x  800 
or C = 859 N 21.3°
PROBLEM 4.22
Determine the maximum tension which can be developed in cable AB
if the maximum allowable value of the reaction at C is 1000 N.
SOLUTION
Have Cmax = 1000 N
Now C 2 = C x2 + C y2
∴ Cy = (1000 )2 − Cx2 (1)
From f.b.d. of pedal
ΣFx = 0: C x − Tmax = 0
∴ C x = Tmax (2)
ΣM D = 0: C y ( 0.4 m ) − Tmax ( 0.18 m ) sin 60° = 0
∴ C y = 0.38971Tmax (3)
Equating the expressions for C y in Equations (1) and (3), with Cx = Tmax
from Equation (2)
(1000 )2 − Tmax
2
= 0.389711Tmax
2
∴ Tmax = 868,150
and Tmax = 931.75 N
or Tmax = 932 N
PROBLEM 4.23
A steel rod is bent to form a mounting bracket. For each of the mounting
brackets and loadings shown, determine the reactions at A and B.
SOLUTION
(a) From f.b.d. of mounting bracket
(a) ΣM E = 0: A ( 8 in.) − 80 lb ⋅ in. − (10 lb )( 6 in.)
− ( 20 lb )(12 in.) = 0
∴ A = 47.5 lb
or A = 47.5 lb
ΣFx = 0: Bx − 10 lb + 47.5 lb = 0
∴ Bx = −37.5 lb
or B x = 37.5 lb
ΣFy = 0: By − 20 lb = 0
∴ By = 20 lb
or B y = 20.0 lb
Then B= Bx2 + By2 = ( 37.5)2 + ( 20.0 )2 = 42.5 lb
 By  −1  20 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = −28.072°
 Bx   −37.5 
or B = 42.5 lb 28.1°
(b) From f.b.d. of mounting bracket
(b)
ΣM B = 0: ( A cos 45° )(8 in.) − 80 lb ⋅ in.
− (10 lb )( 6 in.) − ( 20 lb )(12 in.) = 0
∴ A = 67.175 lb
or A = 67.2 lb 45°
ΣFx = 0: Bx − 10 lb + 67.175cos 45° = 0
∴ Bx = −37.500 lb
or B x = 37.5 lb
ΣFy = 0: By − 20 lb + 67.175sin 45° = 0
∴ By = −27.500 lb
or B y = 27.5 lb
Then B= Bx2 + By2 = ( 37.5)2 + ( 27.5)2 = 46.503 lb
 By  −1  −27.5 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = 36.254°
 Bx   −37.5 
or B = 46.5 lb 36.3°
PROBLEM 4.24
A steel rod is bent to form a mounting bracket. For each of the
mounting brackets and loadings shown, determine the reactions at A
and B.
SOLUTION
(a) (a) From f.b.d. of mounting bracket

ΣM A = 0: − B ( 8 in.) − ( 20 lb )(12 in.)
+ (10 lb )( 2 in.) − 80 lb ⋅ in. = 0
∴ B = −37.5 lb
or B = 37.5 lb
ΣFx = 0: − 37.5 lb − 10 lb + Ax = 0
∴ Ax = 47.5 lb
or A x = 47.5 lb
ΣFy = 0: − 20 lb + Ay = 0
∴ Ay = 20 lb
or A y = 20.0 lb
Then A= Ax2 + Ay2 = ( 47.5)2 + ( 20 )2 = 51.539 lb
 Ay  −1  20 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = 22.834°
 Ax   47.5 
or A = 51.5 lb 22.8°
(b) (b) From f.b.d. of mounting bracket
ΣM A = 0: − ( B cos 45° )( 8 in.) − ( 20 lb )( 2 in.)
−80 lb ⋅ in. + (10 lb )( 2 in.) = 0
∴ B = −53.033 lb
or B = 53.0 lb 45°
ΣFx = 0: Ax + ( −53.033 lb ) cos 45° − 10 = 0
∴ Ax = 47.500 lb
or A x = 47.5 lb
ΣFy = 0: Ay − ( 53.033 lb ) sin 45° − 20 = 0
∴ Ay = −17.500 lb
or A y = 17.50 lb
Then A= Ax2 + Ay2 = ( 47.5)2 + (17.5)2 = 50.621 lb
 Ay  −1  −17.5 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = −20.225°
 Ax   47.5 
or A = 50.6 lb 20.2°
PROBLEM 4.25
A sign is hung by two chains from mast AB. The mast is hinged at A and
is supported by cable BC. Knowing that the tensions in chains DE and
FH are 50 lb and 30 lb, respectively, and that d = 1.3 ft, determine
(a) the tension in cable BC, (b) the reaction at A.
SOLUTION
First note BC = (8.4 )2 + (1.3)2 = 8.5 ft
(a) From f.b.d. of mast AB
 8.4  
ΣM A = 0:   TBC  ( 2.5 ft ) − ( 30 lb )( 7.2 ft )
 8.5  
−50 lb ( 2.2 ft ) = 0
∴ TBC = 131.952 lb
or TBC = 132.0 lb
(b) From f.b.d. of mast AB
 8.4 
ΣFx = 0: Ax −   (131.952 lb ) = 0
 8.5 
∴ Ax = 130.400 lb
or A x = 130.4 lb
 1.3 
ΣFy = 0: Ay +   (131.952 lb ) − 30 lb − 50 lb = 0
 8.5 
∴ Ay = 59.819 lb
or A y = 59.819 lb
Then A= Ax2 + Ay2 = (130.4 )2 + ( 59.819 )2 = 143.466 lb
 Ay  −1  59.819 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = 24.643°
A
 x  130.4 
or A = 143.5 lb 24.6°
PROBLEM 4.26
A sign is hung by two chains from mast AB. The mast is hinged at A
and is supported by cable BC. Knowing that the tensions in chains DE
and FH are 30 lb and 20 lb, respectively, and that d = 1.54 ft,
determine (a) the tension in cable BC, (b) the reaction at A.
SOLUTION
First note BC = (8.4 )2 + (1.54 )2 = 8.54 ft
(a) From f.b.d. of mast AB

 8.4  
ΣM A = 0:   TBC  ( 2.5 ft ) − 20 lb ( 7.2 ft )
 8.54  
− 30 lb ( 2.2 ft ) = 0
∴ TBC = 85.401 lb
or TBC = 85.4 lb
(b) From f.b.d. of mast AB
 8.4 
ΣFx = 0: Ax −   ( 85.401 lb ) = 0
 8.54 
∴ Ax = 84.001 lb
or A x = 84.001 lb
 1.54 
ΣFy = 0: Ay +   ( 85.401 lb ) − 20 lb − 30 lb = 0
 8.54 
∴ Ay = 34.600 lb
or A y = 34.600 lb
Then A= Ax2 + Ay2 = (84.001)2 + ( 34.600 )2 = 90.848 lb
 Ay  −1  34.6 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = 22.387°
 Ax   84.001 
or A = 90.8 lb 22.4°
PROBLEM 4.27
For the frame and loading shown, determine the reactions at A and E
when (a) α = 30o , (b) α = 45o.
SOLUTION
(a) Given α = 30°

(a)
From f.b.d. of frame
ΣM A = 0: − ( 90 N )( 0.2 m ) − ( 90 N )( 0.06 m )
+ ( E cos 60° )( 0.160 m ) + ( E sin 60° )( 0.100 m ) = 0
∴ E = 140.454 N
or E = 140.5 N 60°
ΣFx = 0: Ax − 90 N + (140.454 N ) cos 60° = 0
∴ Ax = 19.7730 N
or A x = 19.7730 N
ΣFy = 0: Ay − 90 N + (140.454 N ) sin 60° = 0
∴ Ay = −31.637 N
or A y = 31.6 N
Then A= Ax2 + Ay2 = (19.7730 )2 + ( 31.637 )2

= 37.308 lb
 Ay  −1  −31.637 
and θ = tan −1   = tan  
 Ax   19.7730 
= −57.995°
or A = 37.3 N 58.0°
(b) (b) Given α = 45°

ΣM A = 0: − ( 90 N )( 0.2 m ) − ( 90 N )( 0.06 m )
+ ( E cos 45° )( 0.160 m ) + ( E sin 45° )( 0.100 m ) = 0
∴ E = 127.279 N
or E = 127.3 N 45°
ΣFx = 0: Ax − 90 + (127.279 N ) cos 45° = 0
∴ Ax = 0
ΣFy = 0: Ay − 90 + (127.279 N ) sin 45° = 0
∴ Ay = 0
or A = 0
PROBLEM 4.28
A lever AB is hinged at C and is attached to a control cable at A. If the
lever is subjected to a 300-N vertical force at B, determine
(a) the tension in the cable, (b) the reaction at C.
SOLUTION
First
x AC = ( 0.200 m ) cos 20° = 0.187 939 m
y AC = ( 0.200 m ) sin 20° = 0.068 404 m
Then
yDA = 0.240 m − y AC
= 0.240 m − 0.068404 m
= 0.171596 m
yDA 0.171 596
and tan α = =
x AC 0.187 939
∴ α = 42.397°
and β = 90° − 20° − 42.397° = 27.603°
(a) From f.b.d. of lever AB
ΣM C = 0: T cos 27.603° ( 0.2 m )
− 300 N ( 0.3 m ) cos 20° = 0
∴ T = 477.17 N or T = 477 N
(b) From f.b.d. of lever AB
ΣFx = 0: C x + ( 477.17 N ) cos 42.397° = 0
∴ C x = −352.39 N
or C x = 352.39 N
ΣFy = 0: C y − 300 N − ( 477.17 N ) sin 42.397° = 0
∴ C y = 621.74 N
or C y = 621.74 N
Then C = C x2 + C y2 = ( 352.39 )2 + ( 621.74 )2 = 714.66 N
 Cy  −1  621.74 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = −60.456°
C
 x  −352.39 
or C = 715 N 60.5°
PROBLEM 4.29
Neglecting friction and the radius of the pulley, determine the tension
in cable BCD and the reaction at support A when d = 80 mm.
SOLUTION
First
 60 
α = tan −1   = 12.0948°
 280 
 60 
β = tan −1   = 36.870°
 80 
From f.b.d. of object BAD
ΣM A = 0: ( 40 N )( 0.18 m ) + (T cosα )( 0.08 m )
+ (T sin α )( 0.18 m ) − (T cos β )( 0.08 m )
− (T sin β )( 0.18 m ) = 0
 7.2 N ⋅ m 
∴ T =  = 128.433 N
 0.056061 
or T = 128.4 N
ΣFx = 0: (128.433 N )( cos β − cos α ) + Ax = 0
∴ Ax = 22.836 N
or A x = 22.836 N
ΣFy = 0: Ay + (128.433 N )( sin β + sin α ) + 40 N = 0
∴ Ay = −143.970 N
or A y = 143.970 N
Then A= Ax2 + Ay2 = ( 22.836 )2 + (143.970 )2 = 145.770 N
 Ay  −1  −143.970 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = −80.987°
 Ax   22.836 
or A = 145.8 N 81.0°
PROBLEM 4.30
Neglecting friction and the radius of the pulley, determine the tension in
cable BCD and the reaction at support A when d = 144 mm.
SOLUTION
First note
 60 
α = tan −1   = 15.5241°
 216 
 60 
β = tan −1   = 22.620°
 144 
From f.b.d. of member BAD
ΣM A = 0: ( 40 N )( 0.18 m ) + (T cosα )( 0.08 m )
+ (T sin α )( 0.18 m ) − (T cos β )( 0.08 m )
− (T sin β )( 0.18 m ) = 0
 7.2 N ⋅ m 
∴ T =  = 404.04 N
 0.0178199 m 
or T = 404 N
ΣFx = 0: Ax + ( 404.04 N )( cos β − cos α ) = 0
∴ Ax = 16.3402 N
or A x = 16.3402 N
ΣFy = 0: Ay + ( 404.04 N )( sin β + sin α ) + 40 N = 0
∴ Ay = −303.54 N
or A y = 303.54 N
Then A= Ax2 + Ay2 = (16.3402 )2 + ( 303.54 )2 = 303.98 N
 Ay  −1  −303.54 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = −86.919°
A
 x  16.3402 
or A = 304 N 86.9°
PROBLEM 4.31
Neglecting friction, determine the tension in cable ABD and the reaction
at support C.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d. of inverted T-member
ΣM C = 0: T ( 25 in.) − T (10 in.) − ( 30 lb )(10 in.) = 0
∴ T = 20 lb
or T = 20.0 lb W
ΣFx = 0: Cx − 20 lb = 0
∴ C x = 20 lb
or C x = 20.0 lb
ΣFy = 0: C y + 20 lb − 30 lb = 0
∴ C y = 10 lb
or C y = 10.00 lb
Then C = C x2 + C y2 = ( 20 )2 + (10 )2 = 22.361 lb
 Cy  −1  10 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = 26.565°
 Cx   20 
or C = 22.4 lb 26.6° W
PROBLEM 4.32
Rod ABC is bent in the shape of a circular arc of radius R. Knowing
that θ = 35o , determine the reaction (a) at B, (b) at C.
SOLUTION
For θ = 35°
(a) From the f.b.d. of rod ABC
ΣM D = 0: Cx( R ) − P( R ) = 0
∴ Cx = P
or Cx = P
ΣFx = 0: P − B sin 35° = 0
P
∴ B= = 1.74345P
sin 35°
or B = 1.743P 55.0° W
(b) From the f.b.d. of rod ABC
ΣFy = 0: C y + (1.74345P ) cos 35° − P = 0
∴ C y = −0.42815P
or C y = 0.42815P
Then C = C x2 + C y2 = ( P )2 + ( 0.42815P )2 = 1.08780 P
 Cy  −1  −0.42815P 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = −23.178°
 Cx   P 
or C = 1.088P 23.2° W
PROBLEM 4.33
Rod ABC is bent in the shape of a circular arc of radius R. Knowing
that θ = 50o , determine the reaction (a) at B, (b) at C.
SOLUTION
For θ = 50°
(a) From the f.b.d. of rod ABC
ΣM D = 0: Cx ( R ) − P ( R ) = 0
∴ Cx = P
or Cx = P
ΣFx = 0: P − B sin 50° = 0
P
∴ B= = 1.30541P
sin 50°
or B = 1.305P 40.0° W
(b) From the f.b.d. of rod ABC
ΣFy = 0: C y − P + (1.30541P ) cos 50° = 0
∴ C y = 0.160900P
or C y = 0.1609 P
Then C = C x2 + C y2 = ( P )2 + ( 0.1609P )2 = 1.01286 P
 Cy  −1  0.1609 P 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = 9.1405°
C
 x  P 
or C = 1.013P 9.14° W
PROBLEM 4.34
Neglecting friction and the radius of the pulley, determine (a) the
tension in cable ABD, (b) the reaction at C.
SOLUTION
First note
 15 
α = tan −1   = 22.620°
 36 
 15 
β = tan −1   = 36.870°
 20 
(a) From f.b.d. of member ABC
ΣM C = 0: ( 30 lb )( 28 in.) − (T sin 22.620° )( 36 in.)
− (T sin 36.870° )( 20 in.) = 0
∴ T = 32.500 lb
or T = 32.5 lb W
(b) From f.b.d. of member ABC
ΣFx = 0: Cx + ( 32.500 lb )( cos 22.620° + cos 36.870° ) = 0
∴ C x = −56.000 lb
or C x = 56.000 lb
ΣFy = 0: C y − 30 lb + ( 32.500 lb )( sin 22.620° + sin 36.870° ) = 0
∴ C y = −2.0001 lb
or C y = 2.0001 lb
Then C = C x2 + C y2 = ( 56.0 )2 + ( 2.001)2 = 56.036 lb
 Cy  −1  −2.0 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = 2.0454°
 Cx   −56.0 
or C = 56.0 lb 2.05° W
PROBLEM 4.35
Neglecting friction, determine the tension in cable ABD and the
reaction at C when θ = 60o.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d. of bent ACD
ΣM C = 0: (T cos30° )( 2a sin 60° ) + (T sin 30° )( a + 2a cos 60° )

−T (a) − P (a) = 0
P
∴ T =
1.5
2P
or T = W
3
 2P 
ΣFx = 0: C x −   cos 30° = 0
 3 
3
∴ Cx = P = 0.57735P
3
or C x = 0.577 P
2  2P 
ΣFy = 0: C y + P−P+  cos 60° = 0
3  3 
∴ Cy = 0
or C = 0.577P W
PROBLEM 4.36
Neglecting friction, determine the tension in cable ABD and the
reaction at C when θ = 30o.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d. of bent ACD
ΣM C = 0: (T cos 60° )( 2a sin 30° ) + T sin 60° ( a + 2a cos 30° )

− P (a) − T (a) = 0
P
∴ T = = 0.53590P
1.86603
or T = 0.536 P W
ΣFx = 0: C x − ( 0.53590P ) cos 60° = 0
∴ Cx = 0.26795P
or C x = 0.268P
ΣFy = 0: C y + 0.53590 P − P + ( 0.53590 P ) sin 60° = 0
∴ Cy = 0
or C = 0.268P W
PROBLEM 4.37
Determine the tension in each cable and the reaction at D.
SOLUTION
First note
BE = ( 20 )2 + (8)2 in. = 21.541 in.
CF = (10 )2 + (8)2 in. = 12.8062 in.
From f.b.d. of member ABCD

 
(120 lb )( 20 in.) − 
8 
ΣM C = 0:  TBE  (10 in.) = 0
 21.541  
∴ TBE = 646.24 lb
or TBE = 646 lb W
 8   8 
ΣFy = 0: − 120 lb +   ( 646.24 lb ) −   TCF = 0
 21.541   12.8062 
∴ TCF = 192.099 lb
or TCF = 192.1 lb W
 20   10 
ΣFx = 0:   ( 646.24 lb ) +   (192.099 lb ) − D = 0
 21.541   12.8062 
∴ D = 750.01 lb
or D = 750 lb W
PROBLEM 4.38
Rod ABCD is bent in the shape of a circular arc of radius 80 mm and
rests against frictionless surfaces at A and D. Knowing that the collar
at B can move freely on the rod and that θ = 45o. determine (a) the
tension in cord OB, (b) the reactions at A and D.
SOLUTION
(a) From f.b.d. of rod ABCD
ΣM E = 0: ( 25 N ) cos 60° ( dOE ) − (T cos 45° ) ( dOE ) = 0

∴ T = 17.6777 N
or T = 17.68 N W
(b) From f.b.d. of rod ABCD
ΣFx = 0: − (17.6777 N ) cos 45° + ( 25 N ) cos 60°
+ N D cos 45° − N A cos 45° = 0
∴ N A − ND = 0
or ND = N A (1)
ΣFy = 0: N A sin 45° + N D sin 45° − (17.6777 N ) sin 45°
− ( 25 N ) sin 60° = 0
∴ N A + N D = 48.296 N (2)
Substituting Equation (1) into Equation (2),
2 N A = 48.296 N
N A = 24.148 N
or N A = 24.1 N 45.0° W
and N D = 24.1 N 45.0° W

PROBLEM 4.39
Rod ABCD is bent in the shape of a circular arc of radius 80 mm and
rests against frictionless surfaces at A and D. Knowing that the collar
at B can move freely on the rod, determine (a) the value of θ for
which the tension in cord OB is as small as possible, (b) the
corresponding value of the tension, (c) the reactions at A and D.
SOLUTION
(a) From f.b.d. of rod ABCD

ΣM E = 0: ( 25 N ) cos 60° ( dOE ) − (T cosθ ) ( dOE ) = 0
12.5 N
or T = (1)
cosθ
∴ T is minimum when cosθ is maximum,
or θ = 0° W
12.5 N
T = = 12.5 N
cos 0
or Tmin = 12.50 N W
(c) ΣFx = 0: − N A cos 45° + N D cos 45° + 12.5 N
− ( 25 N ) cos 60° = 0
∴ ND − N A = 0
or ND = N A (2)
ΣFy = 0: N A sin 45° + N D sin 45° − ( 25 N ) sin 60° = 0
∴ N D + N A = 30.619 N (3)
Substituting Equation (2) into Equation (3),
2 N A = 30.619
N A = 15.3095 N
or N A = 15.31 N 45.0° W
and N D = 15.31 N 45.0° W

PROBLEM 4.40
Bar AC supports two 100-lb loads as shown. Rollers A and C rest against
frictionless surfaces and a cable BD is attached at B. Determine (a) the
tension in cable BD, (b) the reaction at A, (c) the reaction at C.
SOLUTION
First note that from similar triangles
yDB 10
= ∴ yDB = 3 in.
6 20
and BD = ( 3)2 + (14 )2 in. = 14.3178 in.
14
Tx = T = 0.97780T
14.3178
3
Ty = T = 0.20953T
14.3178
(a) From f.b.d. of bar AC
ΣM E = 0: ( 0.97780T )( 7 in.) − ( 0.20953T )( 6 in.)
− (100 lb )(16 in.) − (100 lb )( 4 in.) = 0
∴ T = 357.95 lb
or T = 358 lb W
(b) From f.b.d. of bar AC
ΣFy = 0: A − 100 − 0.20953 ( 357.95 ) − 100 = 0
∴ A = 275.00 lb
or A = 275 lb W
(c) From f.b.d of bar AC
ΣFx = 0: 0.97780 ( 357.95 ) − C = 0
∴ C = 350.00 lb
or C = 350 lb W
PROBLEM 4.41
A parabolic slot has been cut in plate AD, and the plate has been
placed so that the slot fits two fixed, frictionless pins B and C. The
equation of the slot is y = x 2 /100, where x and y are expressed in mm.
Knowing that the input force P = 4 N, determine (a) the force each
pin exerts on the plate, (b) the output force Q.
SOLUTION
x2
The equation of the slot is y =
100
 dy 
Now   = slope of the slot at C
 dx C
 2x 
=  = 1.200
100  x = 60 mm
∴ α = tan −1 (1.200 ) = 50.194°
and θ = 90° − α = 90° − 50.194° = 39.806°

Coordinates of C are
xC = 60 mm, yC =
( 60 ) 2 = 36 mm
100
Also, the coordinates of D are xD = 60 mm
yD = 46 mm + ( 40 mm ) sin β
 120 − 66 
where β = tan −1   = 12.6804°
 240 
∴ yD = 46 mm + ( 40 mm ) tan12.6804°
= 55.000 mm
60 mm 60 mm
Also, yED = =
tan β tan12.6804°
= 266.67 mm
From f.b.d. of plate AD
ΣM E = 0: ( NC cosθ )  yED − ( yD − yC ) + ( NC sin θ )( xC ) − ( 4 N )( yED − yD ) = 0
( NC cos 39.806° )  266.67 − ( 55.0 − 36.0 ) mm + NC sin ( 39.806° )( 60 mm ) − ( 4 N )( 266.67 − 55.0 ) mm = 0
∴ NC = 3.7025 N
or NC = 3.70 N 39.8°
ΣFx = 0: − 4 N + NC cosθ + Q sin β = 0
−4 N + ( 3.7025 N ) cos 39.806° + Q sin12.6804° = 0
∴ Q = 5.2649 N
or Q = 5.26 N 77.3°
ΣFy = 0: N B + NC sin θ − Q cos β = 0
N B + ( 3.7025 N ) sin 39.806° − ( 5.2649 N ) cos12.6804° = 0
∴ N B = 2.7662 N
or N B = 2.77 N
(a) N B = 2.77 N , NC = 3.70 N 39.8°
(b) Q = 5.26 N 77.3° ( output )

PROBLEM 4.42
A parabolic slot has been cut in plate AD, and the plate has been placed
so that the slot fits two fixed, frictionless pins B and C. The equation of
the slot is y = x 2 /100, where x and y are expressed in mm. Knowing that
the maximum allowable force exerted on the roller at D is 8.5 N,
determine (a) the corresponding magnitude of the input force P, (b) the
force each pin exerts on the plate.
SOLUTION
x2
The equation of the slot is, y =
100
 dy 
Now   = slope of slot at C
 dx C
 2x 
=  = 1.200
100  x = 60 mm
∴ α = tan −1 (1.200 ) = 50.194°
and θ = 90° − α = 90° − 50.194° = 39.806°

Coordinates of C are
xC = 60 mm, yC =
( 60 )2 = 36 mm
100
Also, the coordinates of D are
xD = 60 mm
yD = 46 mm + ( 40 mm ) sin β
 120 − 66 
where β = tan −1   = 12.6804°
 240 
∴ yD = 46 mm + ( 40 mm ) tan12.6804° = 55.000 mm
Note: xE = 0
yE = yC + ( 60 mm ) tan θ
= 36 mm + ( 60 mm ) tan 39.806°
= 86.001 mm
(a) From f.b.d. of plate AD
ΣM E = 0: P ( yE ) − ( 8.5 N ) sin β  ( yE − yD )
− ( 8.5 N ) cos β  ( 60 mm ) = 0

PROBLEM 4.42 CONITNIUED
P ( 86.001 mm ) − ( 8.5 N ) sin12.6804° ( 31.001 mm )
− ( 8.5 N ) cos12.6804° ( 60 mm ) = 0
∴ P = 6.4581 N
or P = 6.46 N
(b) ΣFx = 0: P − ( 8.5 N ) sin β − NC cosθ = 0
6.458 N − ( 8.5 N )( sin12.6804° ) − NC ( cos 39.806° ) = 0
∴ NC = 5.9778 N
or NC = 5.98 N 39.8°
ΣFy = 0: N B + NC sin θ − ( 8.5 N ) cos β = 0
N B + ( 5.9778 N ) sin 39.806° − ( 8.5 N ) cos12.6804° = 0
∴ N B = 4.4657 N
or N B = 4.47 N
PROBLEM 4.43
A movable bracket is held at rest by a cable attached at E and by frictionless
rollers. Knowing that the width of post FG is slightly less than the distance
between the rollers, determine the force exerted on the post by each roller
when α = 20o.
SOLUTION

ΣFy = 0: T sin 20° − 60 lb = 0
∴ T = 175.428 lb
Tx = (175.428 lb ) cos 20° = 164.849 lb
Ty = (175.428 lb ) sin 20° = 60 lb
Note: Ty and 60 lb force form a couple of
60 lb (10 in.) = 600 lb ⋅ in.
ΣM B = 0: 164.849 lb ( 5 in.) − 600 lb ⋅ in. + FCD ( 8 in.) = 0
∴ FCD = −28.030 lb
or FCD = 28.0 lb
ΣFx = 0: FCD + FAB − Tx = 0
−28.030 lb + FAB − 164.849 lb = 0
∴ FAB = 192.879 lb
or FAB = 192.9 lb
Rollers A and C can only apply a horizontal force to the right onto the
vertical post corresponding to the equal and opposite force to the left on
the bracket. Since FAB is directed to the right onto the bracket, roller B
will react FAB. Also, since FCD is acting to the left on the bracket, it will
act to the right on the post at roller C.
∴ A=D=0
B = 192.9 lb
C = 28.0 lb
Forces exerted on the post are
A=D=0
B = 192.9 lb
C = 28.0 lb
PROBLEM 4.44
Solve Problem 4.43 when α = 30o.
P4.43 A movable bracket is held at rest by a cable attached at E and by
frictionless rollers. Knowing that the width of post FG is slightly less
than the distance between the rollers, determine the force exerted on the
post by each roller when α = 20o.
SOLUTION
ΣFy = 0: T sin 30° − 60 lb = 0
∴ T = 120 lb
Tx = (120 lb ) cos 30° = 103.923 lb
Ty = (120 lb ) sin 30° = 60 lb
Note: Ty and 60 lb force form a couple of
( 60 lb )(10 in.) = 600 lb ⋅ in.

ΣM B = 0: (103.923 lb )( 5 in.) − 600 lb ⋅ in. + FCD (8 in.) = 0
∴ FCD = 10.0481 lb
or FCD = 10.05 lb
ΣFx = 0: FCD + FAB − Tx = 0
10.0481 lb + FAB − 103.923 lb = 0
∴ FAB = 93.875 lb
or FAB = 93.9 lb
Rollers A and C can only apply a horizontal force to the right on the
vertical post corresponding to the equal and opposite force to the left on
the bracket. The opposite direction apply to roller B and D. Since both
FAB and FCD act to the right on the bracket, rollers B and D will react
these forces.
∴ A=C=0
B = 93.9 lb
D = 10.05 lb
Forces exerted on the post are
A=C=0
B = 93.9 lb
D = 10.05 lb
PROBLEM 4.45
A 20-lb weight can be supported in the three different ways shown.
Knowing that the pulleys have a 4-in. radius, determine the reaction at A
in each case.
SOLUTION
(a) From f.b.d. of AB
ΣFx = 0: Ax = 0
ΣFy = 0: Ay − 20 lb = 0
or Ay = 20.0 lb
and A = 20.0 lb
ΣM A = 0: M A − ( 20 lb )(1.5 ft ) = 0
∴ M A = 30.0 lb ⋅ ft
or M A = 30.0 lb ⋅ ft
 1 ft 
(b) Note: 4 in.   = 0.33333 ft
 12 in. 
From f.b.d. of AB
ΣFx = 0: Ax − 20 lb = 0
or Ax = 20.0 lb
ΣFy = 0: Ay − 20 lb = 0
or Ay = 20.0 lb
Then A= Ax2 + Ay2 = ( 20.0 )2 + ( 20.0 )2 = 28.284 lb
∴ A = 28.3 lb 45°
ΣM A = 0: M A + ( 20 lb )( 0.33333 ft )
− ( 20 lb )(1.5 ft + 0.33333 ft ) = 0
∴ M A = 30.0 lb ⋅ ft
or M A = 30.0 lb ⋅ ft
(c) From f.b.d. of AB
ΣFx = 0: Ax = 0
ΣFy = 0: Ay − 20 lb − 20 lb = 0
or Ay = 40.0 lb
and A = 40.0 lb
ΣM A = 0: M A − ( 20 lb )(1.5 ft − 0.33333 ft )
− ( 20 lb )(1.5 ft + 0.33333 ft ) = 0
∴ M A = 60.0 lb ⋅ ft
or M A = 60.0 lb ⋅ ft
PROBLEM 4.46
A belt passes over two 50-mm-diameter pulleys which are mounted on a
bracket as shown. Knowing that M = 0 and Ti = TO = 24 N, determine
the reaction at C.
SOLUTION
ΣFx = 0: Cx − 24 N = 0
∴ Cx = 24 N
ΣFy = 0: C y − 24 N = 0
∴ C y = 24 N
Then C = C x2 + C y2 = ( 24 )2 + ( 24 )2 = 33.941 N
∴ C = 33.9 N 45.0°
ΣM C = 0: M C − ( 24 N ) ( 45 − 25 ) mm 
+ ( 24 N ) ( 25 + 50 − 60 ) mm  = 0
∴ M C = 120 N ⋅ mm
or M C = 0.120 N ⋅ m
PROBLEM 4.47
A belt passes over two 50-mm-diameter pulleys which are mounted on a
bracket as shown. Knowing that M = 0.40 N ⋅ m m and that Ti and TO
are equal to 32 N and 16 N, respectively, determine the reaction at C.
SOLUTION
ΣFx = 0: C x − 32 N = 0
∴ C x = 32 N
ΣFy = 0: C y − 16 N = 0
∴ C y = 16 N
Then C = C x2 + C y2 = ( 32 )2 + (16 )2 = 35.777 N
 Cy  −1  16 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = 26.565°
 Cx   32 
or C = 35.8 N 26.6°
ΣM C = 0: M C − ( 32 N )( 45 mm − 25 mm )
+ (16 N )( 25 mm + 50 mm − 60 mm ) − 400 N ⋅ mm = 0
∴ M C = 800 N ⋅ mm
or M C = 0.800 N ⋅ m
PROBLEM 4.48
A 350-lb utility pole is used to support at C the end of an electric wire.
The tension in the wire is 120 lb, and the wire forms an angle of 15°
with the horizontal at C. Determine the largest and smallest allowable
tensions in the guy cable BD if the magnitude of the couple at A may not
exceed 200 lb ⋅ ft.
SOLUTION
First note
LBD = ( 4.5)2 + (10 )2 = 10.9659 ft
Tmax : From f.b.d. of utility pole with M A = 200 lb ⋅ ft
ΣM A = 0: − 200 lb ⋅ ft − (120 lb ) cos15° (14 ft )
 4.5  
+   Tmax  (10 ft ) = 0
 10.9659  
∴ Tmax = 444.19 lb
or Tmax = 444 lb
Tmin : From f.b.d. of utility pole with M A = 200 lb ⋅ ft
ΣM A = 0: 200 lb ⋅ ft − (120 lb ) cos15°  (14 ft )
 4.5  
+   Tmin  (10 ft ) = 0
 10.9659  
∴ Tmin = 346.71 lb
or Tmin = 347 lb
PROBLEM 4.49
In a laboratory experiment, students hang the masses shown from a beam
of negligible mass. (a) Determine the reaction at the fixed support A
knowing that end D of the beam does not touch support E. (b) Determine
the reaction at the fixed support A knowing that the adjustable support E
exerts an upward force of 6 N on the beam.
SOLUTION
( )
WB = mB g = (1 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 9.81 N
( )
WC = mC g = ( 0.5 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 4.905 N
(a) From f.b.d. of beam ABCD
ΣFx = 0: Ax = 0
ΣFy = 0: Ay − WB − WC = 0
Ay − 9.81 N − 4.905 N = 0
∴ Ay = 14.715 N
or A = 14.72 N
ΣM A = 0: M A − WB ( 0.2 m ) − WC ( 0.3 m ) = 0
M A − ( 9.81 N )( 0.2 m ) − ( 4.905 N )( 0.3 m ) = 0
∴ M A = 3.4335 N ⋅ m
or M A = 3.43 N ⋅ m
(b) From f.b.d. of beam ABCD
ΣFx = 0: Ax = 0
ΣFy = 0: Ay − WB − WC + 6 N = 0
Ay − 9.81 N − 4.905 N + 6 N = 0
∴ Ay = 8.715 N or A = 8.72 N
ΣM A = 0: M A − WB ( 0.2 m ) − WC ( 0.3 m ) + ( 6 N )( 0.4 m ) = 0
M A − ( 9.81 N )( 0.2 m ) − ( 4.905 N )( 0.3 m ) + ( 6 N )( 0.4 m ) = 0
∴ M A = 1.03350 N ⋅ m
or M A = 1.034 N ⋅ m
PROBLEM 4.50
In a laboratory experiment, students hang the masses shown from a beam
of negligible mass. Determine the range of values of the force exerted on
the beam by the adjustable support E for which the magnitude of the
couple at A does not exceed 2.5 N ⋅ m.
SOLUTION
( )
WB = mB g = 1 kg 9.81 m/s 2 = 9.81 N
( )
WC = mC g = 0.5 kg 9.81 m/s 2 = 4.905 N
Maximum M A value is 2.5 N ⋅ m
Fmin : From f.b.d. of beam ABCD with M A = 2.5 N ⋅ m
ΣM A = 0: 2.5 N ⋅ m − WB ( 0.2 m ) − WC ( 0.3 m )
+ Fmin ( 0.4 m ) = 0
2.5 N ⋅ m − ( 9.81 N )( 0.2 m ) − ( 4.905 N )( 0.3 m ) + Fmin ( 0.4 m ) = 0
∴ Fmin = 2.3338 N
or Fmin = 2.33 N
Fmax : From f.b.d. of beam ABCD with M A = 2.5 N ⋅ m
ΣM A = 0: − 2.5 N ⋅ m − WB ( 0.2 m ) − WC ( 0.3 m )
+ Fmax ( 0.4 m ) = 0
−2.5 N ⋅ m − ( 9.81 N )( 0.2 m ) − ( 4.905 N )( 0.3 m ) + Fmax ( 0.4 m ) = 0
∴ Fmax = 14.8338 N
or Fmax = 14.83 N
or 2.33 N ≤ FE ≤ 14.83 N
PROBLEM 4.51
Knowing that the tension in wire BD is 300 lb, determine the reaction at
fixed support C for the frame shown.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d. of frame with T = 300 lb
 5
ΣFx = 0: C x − 100 lb +   300 lb = 0
 13 
∴ C x = −15.3846 lb or C x = 15.3846 lb
 12 
ΣFy = 0: C y − 180 lb −   300 lb = 0
 13 
∴ C y = 456.92 lb or C y = 456.92 lb
Then C = C x2 + C y2 = (15.3846 )2 + ( 456.92 )2 = 457.18 lb
 Cy  −1  456.92 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = −88.072°
C
 x  −15.3846 
or C = 457 lb 88.1°
 12  
ΣM C = 0: M C + (180 lb )( 20 in.) + (100 lb )(16 in.) −   300 lb  (16 in.) = 0
 13  
∴ M C = −769.23 lb ⋅ in.
or M C = 769 lb ⋅ in.
PROBLEM 4.52
Determine the range of allowable values of the tension in wire BD if the
magnitude of the couple at the fixed support C is not to exceed 75 lb ⋅ ft.
SOLUTION
Tmax From f.b.d. of frame with M C = 75 lb ⋅ ft = 900 lb ⋅ in.
 12  
ΣM C = 0: 900 lb ⋅ in. + (180 lb )( 20 in.) + (100 lb )(16 in.) −   Tmax  (16 in.) = 0
 13  
∴ Tmax = 413.02 lb
Tmin From f.b.d. of frame with M C = 75 lb ⋅ ft = 900 lb ⋅ in.
 12  
ΣM C = 0: − 900 lb ⋅ in. + (180 lb )( 20 in.) + (100 lb )(16 in.) −   Tmin  (16 in.) = 0
 13  
∴ Tmin = 291.15 lb
∴ 291 lb ≤ T ≤ 413 lb
PROBLEM 4.53
Uniform rod AB of length l and weight W lies in a vertical plane and is
acted upon by a couple M. The ends of the rod are connected to small
rollers which rest against frictionless surfaces. (a) Express the angle θ
corresponding to equilibrium in terms of M, W, and l. (b) Determine the
value of θ corresponding to equilibrium when M = 1.5 lb ⋅ ft,
W = 4 lb, and l = 2 ft.
SOLUTION
(a) From f.b.d. of uniform rod AB
ΣFx = 0: − A cos 45° + B cos 45° = 0

∴ −A + B = 0 or B= A (1)
ΣFy = 0: A sin 45° + B sin 45° − W = 0
∴ A+B = 2W (2)
2A = 2W
1
∴ A= W
2
From f.b.d. of uniform rod AB
 l  
ΣM B = 0: W   cosθ  + M
 2  
 1 
− W  l cos ( 45° − θ )  = 0 (3)
 2 
From trigonometric identity
cos (α − β ) = cos α cos β + sin α sin β
Equation (3) becomes

 Wl   Wl 
  cosθ + M −   ( cosθ + sin θ ) = 0
 2   2 
 Wl   Wl   Wl 
or   cosθ + M −   cosθ −   sin θ = 0
 2   2   2 
2M
∴ sin θ =
Wl
 2M 
or θ = sin −1  
 Wl 
 2 (1.5 lb ⋅ ft ) 
(b) θ = sin −1   = 22.024°
 ( 4 lb )( 2 ft ) 
or θ = 22.0°
PROBLEM 4.54
A slender rod AB, of weight W, is attached to blocks A and B, which
move freely in the guides shown. The blocks are connected by an elastic
cord which passes over a pulley at C. (a) Express the tension in the cord
in terms of W and θ . (b) Determine the value of θ for which the tension
in the cord is equal to 3W.
SOLUTION
(a) From f.b.d. of rod AB

 l  
ΣM C = 0: T ( l sin θ ) + W   cosθ  − T ( l cosθ ) = 0
 2  
W cosθ
∴T =
2 ( cosθ − sin θ )
Dividing both numerator and denominator by cosθ ,
W 1 
T =  
2  1 − tan θ 
W 
 
or T =  2
(1 − tan θ )
(b) For T = 3W ,
W 
 
3W =  2
(1 − tan θ )
1
∴ 1 − tan θ =
6
5
or θ = tan −1   = 39.806°
6
or θ = 39.8°
PROBLEM 4.55
A thin, uniform ring of mass m and radius R is attached by a frictionless
pin to a collar at A and rests against a small roller at B. The ring lies in a
vertical plane, and the collar can move freely on a horizontal rod and is
acted upon by a horizontal force P. (a) Express the angle θ
corresponding to equilibrium in terms of m and P. (b) Determine the
value of θ corresponding to equilibrium when m = 500 g and P = 5 N.
SOLUTION
(a) From f.b.d. of ring

ΣM C = 0: P ( R cosθ + R cosθ ) − W ( R sin θ ) = 0
2P = W tan θ where W = mg
2P
∴ tan θ =
mg
 2P 
or θ = tan −1  
 mg 
(b) Have m = 500 g = 0.500 kg and P = 5 N
 2 (5 N ) 
∴ θ = tan −1  
 (
 ( 0.500 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ) 

= 63.872°
or θ = 63.9°
PROBLEM 4.56
Rod AB is acted upon by a couple M and two forces, each of magnitude
P. (a) Derive an equation in θ , P, M, and l which must be satisfied when
the rod is in equilibrium. (b) Determine the value of θ corresponding to
equilibrium when M = 150 lb ⋅ in., P = 20 lb, and l = 6 in.
SOLUTION
(a) From f.b.d. of rod AB

ΣM C = 0: P ( l cosθ ) + P ( l sin θ ) − M = 0
M
or sin θ + cosθ =
Pl
(b) For M = 150 lb ⋅ in., P = 20 lb, and l = 6 in.
150 lb ⋅ in. 5
sin θ + cosθ = = = 1.25
( 20 lb )( 6 in.) 4
Using identity sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ = 1
( )
1
sin θ + 1 − sin 2 θ 2
= 1.25
( )
1
1 − sin 2 θ 2
= 1.25 − sin θ
1 − sin 2 θ = 1.5625 − 2.5sin θ + sin 2 θ
2sin 2 θ − 2.5sin θ + 0.5625 = 0

Using quadratic formula
− ( −2.5 ) ± ( 6.25) − 4 ( 2 )( 0.5625)

sin θ =
2 ( 2)
2.5 ± 1.75
=
4
or sin θ = 0.95572 and sin θ = 0.29428
∴ θ = 72.886° and θ = 17.1144°
or θ = 17.11° and θ = 72.9°
PROBLEM 4.57
A vertical load P is applied at end B of rod BC. The constant of the spring
is k, and the spring is unstretched when θ = 90o. (a) Neglecting the
weight of the rod, express the angle θ corresponding to equilibrium in
terms of P, k, and l. (b) Determine the value of θ corresponding to
1
equilibrium when P = kl.
4
SOLUTION
First note
T = tension in spring = ks
where s = elongation of spring
( )θ − ( AB )θ
= AB
= 90°
θ   90° 
= 2l sin   − 2l sin  
2  2 
  θ   1 
= 2l sin   −  
  2   2 
  θ   1 
∴ T = 2kl sin   −   (1)
  2   2 
(a) From f.b.d. of rod BC
  θ 
ΣM C = 0: T l cos    − P ( l sin θ ) = 0
  2 
Substituting T From Equation (1)
  θ   1    θ 
2kl sin   − 
2   l cos  2   − P ( l sin θ ) = 0
    2    
  θ   1  θ   θ   θ 
2kl 2 sin   −    cos  2  − Pl  2sin  2  cos  2   = 0
2
    2        
θ 
Factoring out 2l cos   , leaves
2
  θ   1  θ 
kl sin   −    − P sin   = 0
  2   2  2
or
θ  1  kl 
sin   =  
2 2  kl − P 
 kl 
∴ θ = 2sin −1  
 2 ( kl − P ) 
kl
(b) P =
4
   kl  4  
kl −1  4 
θ = 2sin −1   = 2sin −1     = 2sin  
(
 2 kl − kl
4 )   2  3 kl   3 2 
= 2sin −1 ( 0.94281)
= 141.058°
or θ = 141.1°
PROBLEM 4.58
Solve Sample Problem 4.5 assuming that the spring is unstretched when
θ = 90o.
SOLUTION
First note
T = tension in spring = ks
where s = deformation of spring
= rβ
∴ F = kr β
From f.b.d. of assembly
ΣM 0 = 0: W ( l cos β ) − F ( r ) = 0
or Wl cos β − kr 2 β = 0
kr 2
∴ cos β = β
Wl
For k = 250 lb/in., r = 3 in., l = 8 in., W = 400 lb
cos β =
( 250 lb/in.)( 3 in.)2 β
( 400 lb )(8 in.)
or cos β = 0.703125β
Solving numerically,
β = 0.89245 rad
or β = 51.134°
Then θ = 90° + 51.134° = 141.134°
or θ = 141.1°
PROBLEM 4.59
A collar B of weight W can move freely along the vertical rod shown. The
constant of the spring is k, and the spring is unstretched when θ = 0.
(a) Derive an equation in θ , W, k, and l which must be satisfied when the
collar is in equilibrium. (b) Knowing that W = 3 lb, l = 6 in., and
k = 8 lb/ft, determine the value of θ corresponding to equilibrium.
SOLUTION
First note T = ks
where k = spring constant
s = elongation of spring
l l
= −l = (1 − cosθ )
cosθ cosθ
kl
∴ T = (1 − cosθ )
cosθ
(a) From f.b.d. of collar B
ΣFy = 0: T sin θ − W = 0
kl
or (1 − cosθ ) sin θ − W = 0
cosθ
W
or tan θ − sin θ =
kl
(b) For W = 3 lb, l = 6 in., k = 8 lb/ft
6 in.
l = = 0.5 ft
12 in./ft
3 lb
tan θ − sin θ = = 0.75
(8 lb/ft )( 0.5 ft )
Solving Numerically,
θ = 57.957°
or θ = 58.0°
PROBLEM 4.60
A slender rod AB, of mass m, is attached to blocks A and B which move
freely in the guides shown. The constant of the spring is k, and the spring
is unstretched when θ = 0 . (a) Neglecting the mass of the blocks, derive
an equation in m, g, k, l, and θ which must be satisfied when the rod is in
equilibrium. (b) Determine the value of θ when m = 2 kg, l = 750
mm, and k = 30 N/m.
SOLUTION
First note
Fs = spring force = ks
where k = spring constant
s = spring deformation
= l − l cosθ
= l (1 − cosθ )
∴ Fs = kl (1 − cosθ )
(a) From f.b.d. of assembly

l 
ΣM D = 0: Fs ( l sin θ ) − W  cosθ  = 0
2 
l 
kl (1 − cosθ )( l sin θ ) − W  cosθ  = 0
2 
W 
kl ( sin θ − cosθ sin θ ) −   cosθ = 0
 2 
Dividing by cosθ
W
kl ( tan θ − sin θ ) =
2
W
∴ tan θ − sin θ =
2kl
mg
or tan θ − sin θ =
2kl
(b) For m = 2 kg, l = 750 mm, k = 30 N/m
l = 750 mm = 0.750 m
( 2 kg ) ( 9.81 m/s2 )
Then tan θ − sin θ = = 0.436
2 ( 30 N/m )( 0.750 m )
Solving Numerically,
θ = 50.328°
or θ = 50.3°
PROBLEM 4.61
The bracket ABC can be supported in the eight different ways shown. All
connections consist of smooth pins, rollers, or short links. In each case,
determine whether (a) the plate is completely, partially, or improperly
constrained, (b) the reactions are statically determinate or indeterminate,
(c) the equilibrium of the plate is maintained in the position shown. Also,
wherever possible, compute the reactions assuming that the magnitude of
the force P is 100 N.
SOLUTION
1. Three non-concurrent, non-parallel reactions
(a) Completely constrained
(b) Determinate
(c) Equilibrium
From f.b.d. of bracket:
ΣM A = 0: B (1 m ) − (100 N )( 0.6 m ) = 0
∴ B = 60.0 N
ΣFx = 0: Ax − 60 N = 0
∴ A x = 60.0 N
ΣFy = 0: Ay − 100 N = 0
∴ A y = 100 N
Then A= ( 60.0 )2 + (100 )2 = 116.619 N
 100 
and θ = tan −1   = 59.036°
 60.0 
∴ A = 116.6 N 59.0°
2. Four concurrent reactions through A
(a) Improperly constrained
(b) Indeterminate
(c) No equilibrium
3. Two reactions
(a) Partially constrained
(b) Determinate
(c) Equilibrium
ΣM A = 0: C (1.2 m ) − (100 N )( 0.6 m ) = 0
∴ C = 50.0 N
ΣFy = 0: A − 100 N + 50 N = 0
∴ A = 50.0 N
(b) Determinate
(c) Equilibrium
 1.0 
θ = tan −1   = 39.8°
 1.2 
BC = (1.2 )2 + (1.0 )2 = 1.56205 m
 1.2  
ΣM A = 0:   B  (1 m ) − (100 N )( 0.6 m ) = 0
 1.56205  
∴ B = 78.1 N 39.8°
ΣFx = 0: C − ( 78.102 N ) cos 39.806° = 0
∴ C = 60.0 N
ΣFy = 0: A + ( 78.102 N ) sin 39.806° − 100 N = 0
∴ A = 50.0 N
5. Four non-concurrent, non-parallel reactions
(b) Indeterminate
(c) Equilibrium
ΣM C = 0: (100 N )( 0.6 m ) − Ay (1.2 m ) = 0
∴ Ay = 50 N or A y = 50.0 N
6. Four non-concurrent non-parallel reactions

(b) Indeterminate
(c) Equilibrium
ΣM A = 0: − Bx (1 m ) − (100 N )( 0.6 m ) = 0
∴ Bx = −60.0 N
or B x = 60.0 N
ΣFx = 0: − 60 + Ax = 0
∴ Ax = 60.0 N
or A x = 60.0 N
(b) Determinate
(c) Equilibrium
ΣFx = 0: Ax = 0
ΣM A = 0: C (1.2 m ) − (100 N )( 0.6 m ) = 0
∴ C = 50.0 N
or C = 50.0 N
ΣFy = 0: Ay − 100 N + 50.0 N = 0
∴ Ay = 50.0 N
∴ A = 50.0 N
8. Three concurrent, non-parallel reactions
(b) Indeterminate
(c) No equilibrium
PROBLEM 4.62
Eight identical 20 × 30-in. rectangular plates, each weighing 50 lb, are
held in a vertical plane as shown. All connections consist of frictionless
pins, rollers, or short links. For each case, answer the questions listed in
Problem 4.61, and, wherever possible, compute the reactions.
P6.1 The bracket ABC can be supported in the eight different ways
shown. All connections consist of smooth pins, rollers, or short links. In
each case, determine whether (a) the plate is completely, partially, or
improperly constrained, (b) the reactions are statically determinate or
indeterminate, (c) the equilibrium of the plate is maintained in the
position shown. Also, wherever possible, compute the reactions assuming
that the magnitude of the force P is 100 N.
SOLUTION
(b) Determinate
(c) Equilibrium
ΣM A = 0: C ( 30 in.) − 50 lb (15 in.) = 0
C = 25.0 lb
ΣFx = 0: Ax = 0
ΣFy = 0: Ay − 50 lb + 25 lb = 0
Ay = 25 lb A = 25.0 lb
2. Three non-current, non-parallel reactions

(b) Determinate
(c) Equilibrium
ΣFx = 0: B=0
ΣM B = 0: ( 50 lb )(15 in.) − D ( 30 in.) = 0

D = 25.0 lb
ΣFy = 0: 25.0 lb − 50 lb + C = 0
C = 25.0 lb
(b) Indeterminate
(c) Equilibrium
ΣM D = 0: Ax ( 20 in.) − ( 50 lb )(15 in.)
∴ A x = 37.5 lb
ΣFx = 0: Dx + 37.5 lb = 0
∴ D x = 37.5 lb
4. Three concurrent reactions
(b) Indeterminate
(c) No equilibrium
5. Two parallel reactions
(a) Partial constraint
(b) Determinate
(c) Equilibrium
ΣM D = 0: C ( 30 in.) − ( 50 lb )(15 in.) = 0
C = 25.0 lb
ΣFy = 0: D − 50 lb + 25 lb = 0
D = 25.0 lb
(b) Determinate
(c) Equilibrium
ΣM D = 0: B ( 20 in.) − ( 50 lb )(15 in.) = 0
B = 37.5 lb
ΣFx = 0: Dx + 37.5 lb = 0 D x = 37.5 lb
ΣFy = 0: Dy − 50 lb = 0 D y = 50.0 lb
or D = 62.5 lb 53.1°
7. Two parallel reactions
(b) Reactions determined by dynamics
(c) No equilibrium
(b) Indeterminate
(c) Equilibrium
ΣM D = 0: B ( 30 in.) − ( 50 lb )(15 in.) = 0
B = 25.0 lb
ΣFy = 0: Dy − 50 lb + 25.0 lb = 0
D y = 25.0 lb
ΣFx = 0: Dx + C = 0
PROBLEM 4.63
Horizontal and vertical links are hinged to a wheel, and forces are applied
to the links as shown. Knowing that a = 3.0 in., determine the value of P
and the reaction at A.
SOLUTION
As shown on the f.b.d., the wheel is a three-force body. Let point D be

the intersection of the three forces.
From force triangle
A P 21 lb
= =
5 4 3
4
∴ P= ( 21 lb ) = 28 lb
3
or P = 28.0 lb
5
and A= ( 21 lb ) = 35 lb
3
3
θ = tan −1   = 36.870°
4
 
∴ A = 35.0 lb 36.9°
PROBLEM 4.64
Horizontal and vertical links are hinged to a wheel, and forces are applied
to the links as shown. Determine the range of values of the distance a for
which the magnitude of the reaction at A does not exceed 42 lb.
SOLUTION
Let D be the intersection of the three forces acting on the wheel.
From the force triangle
21 lb A
=
a 16 + a 2
16
or A = 21 +1
a2
For A = 42 lb
21 lb 42 lb
=
a 16 + a 2
16 + a 2
or a2 =
4
16
or a= = 2.3094 in.
3
or a ≥ 2.31 in.
16
Since A = 21 +1
a2
as a increases, A decreases
PROBLEM 4.65
Using the method of Section 4.7, solve Problem 4.21.
P4.21 The required tension in cable AB is 800 N. Determine (a) the
vertical force P which must be applied to the pedal, (b) the corresponding
reaction at C.
SOLUTION
Let E be the intersection of the three forces acting on the pedal device.
First note
 (180 mm ) sin 60° 

α = tan −1   = 21.291°
 400 mm 
From force triangle
(a) P = ( 800 N ) tan 21.291°
= 311.76 N
or P = 312 N
800 N
(b) C =
cos 21.291°
= 858.60 N
or C = 859 N 21.3°
PROBLEM 4.66
P4.22 Determine the maximum tension which can be developed in cable
AB if the maximum allowable value of the reaction at C is 1000 N.
SOLUTION
Let E be the intersection of the three forces acting on the pedal device.
First note
 (180 mm ) sin 60° 

α = tan −1   = 21.291°
 400 mm 
From force triangle
Tmax = (1000 N ) cos 21.291°
= 931.75 N
or Tmax = 932 N
PROBLEM 4.67
To remove a nail, a small block of wood is placed under a crowbar, and a
horizontal force P is applied as shown. Knowing that l = 3.5 in. and
P = 30 lb, determine the vertical force exerted on the nail and the
reaction at B.
SOLUTION
Let D be the intersection of the three forces acting on the crowbar.
First note
 ( 36 in.) sin 50° 

θ = tan −1   = 82.767°
 3.5 in. 
From force triangle
FN = P tan θ = ( 30 lb ) tan 82.767°
= 236.381 lb
∴ on nail FN = 236 lb
P 30 lb
RB = = = 238.28 lb
cosθ cos82.767°
or R B = 238 lb 82.8°
PROBLEM 4.68
To remove a nail, a small block of wood is placed under a crowbar, and a
horizontal force P is applied as shown. Knowing that the maximum
vertical force needed to extract the nail is 600 lb and that the horizontal
force P is not to exceed 65 lb, determine the largest acceptable value of
distance l.
SOLUTION
Let D be the intersection of the three forces acting on the crowbar.
From force diagram
FN 600 lb
tan θ = = = 9.2308
P 65 lb
∴ θ = 83.817°
From f.b.d.
tan θ =
( 36 in.) sin 50°
l
∴ l =
( 36 in.) sin 50° = 2.9876 in.
tan 83.817°
or l = 2.99 in.
PROBLEM 4.69
For the frame and loading shown, determine the reactions at C and D.
SOLUTION
Since member BD is acted upon by two forces, B and D, they must be colinear, have the same magnitude, and
be opposite in direction for BD to be in equilibrium. The force B acting at B of member ABC will be equal in
magnitude but opposite in direction to force B acting on member BD. Member ABC is a three-force body with
member forces intersecting at E. The f.b.d.’s of members ABC and BD illustrate the above conditions. The
force triangle for member ABC is also shown. The angles α and β are found from the member dimensions:
 0.5 m 
α = tan −1   = 26.565°
 1.0 m 
 1.5 m 
β = tan −1   = 56.310°
 1.0 m 
Applying the law of sines to the force triangle for member ABC,
150 N C B
= =
sin ( β − α ) sin ( 90° + α ) sin ( 90° − β )
150 N C B
or = =
sin 29.745° sin116.565° sin 33.690°
∴ C =
(150 N ) sin116.565° = 270.42 N
sin 29.745°
or C = 270 N 56.3°
and D= B=
(150 N ) sin 33.690° = 167.704 N
sin 29.745°
or D = 167.7 N 26.6°
PROBLEM 4.70
For the frame and loading shown, determine the reactions at A and C.
SOLUTION
Since member AB is acted upon by two forces, A and B, they must be colinear, have the same magnitude, and
be opposite in direction for AB to be in equilibrium. The force B acting at B of member BCD will be equal in
magnitude but opposite in direction to force B acting on member AB. Member BCD is a three-force body with
member forces intersecting at E. The f.b.d.’s of members AB and BCD illustrate the above conditions. The
force triangle for member BCD is also shown. The angle β is found from the member dimensions:
 60 m 
β = tan −1   = 30.964°
 100 m 
Applying of the law of sines to the force triangle for member BCD,
130 N B C
= =
sin ( 45° − β ) sin β sin135°
130 N B C
or = =
sin14.036° sin 30.964° sin135°
∴ A= B=
(130 N ) sin 30.964° = 275.78 N
sin14.036°
or A = 276 N 45.0°
and C =
(130 N ) sin135° = 379.02 N
sin14.036°
or C = 379 N 59.0°
PROBLEM 4.71
To remove the lid from a 5-gallon pail, the tool shown is used to apply an
upward and radially outward force to the bottom inside rim of the lid.
Assuming that the rim rests against the tool at A and that a 100-N force is
applied as indicated to the handle, determine the force acting on the rim.
SOLUTION
The three-force member ABC has forces that intersect at D, where
 90 mm 
α = tan −1  
 yDC − yBC − 45 mm 
and
yDC =
xBC
=
( 360 mm ) cos 35°
tan 20° tan 20°
= 810.22 mm
yBC = ( 360 mm ) sin 35°
= 206.49 mm
 90 
∴ α = tan −1   = 9.1506°
 558.73 
Based on the force triangle, the law of sines gives
100 N A
=
sin α sin 20°
∴A=
(100 N ) sin 20° = 215.07 N
sin 9.1506°
or A = 215 N 80.8° on tool
and A = 215 N 80.8° on rim of can

PROBLEM 4.72
To remove the lid from a 5-gallon pail, the tool shown is used to apply
an upward and radially outward force to the bottom inside rim of the
lid. Assuming that the top and the rim of the lid rest against the tool at
A and B, respectively, and that a 60-N force is applied as indicated to
the handle, determine the force acting on the rim.
SOLUTION
The three-force member ABC has forces that intersect at point D, where,
from the law of sines ( ∆CDE )
L 150 mm + (19 mm ) tan 35°

=
sin 95° sin 30°
∴ L = 325.37 mm
Then
 45 mm 
α = tan −1  
 yBD 
where
yBD = L − y AE − 22 mm
19 mm
= 325.37 mm − − 22 mm
cos 35°
= 280.18 mm
 45 mm 
∴ α = tan −1   = 9.1246°
 280.18 mm 
Applying the law of sines to the force triangle,
B 60 N
=
sin150° sin 9.1246°
∴ B = 189.177 N
Or, on member B = 189.2 N 80.9°
and, on lid B = 189.2 N 80.9°

PROBLEM 4.73
A 200-lb crate is attached to the trolley-beam system shown. Knowing
that a = 1.5 ft, determine (a) the tension in cable CD, (b) the reaction
at B.
SOLUTION
From geometry of forces

 y 
β = tan −1  BE 
 1.5 ft 
where
yBE = 2.0 − yDE
= 2.0 − 1.5 tan 35°
= 0.94969 ft
 0.94969 
∴ β = tan −1   = 32.339°
 1.5 
and α = 90° − β = 90° − 32.339° = 57.661°
θ = β + 35° = 32.339° + 35° = 67.339°
200 lb T B
= =
sin θ sin α sin 55°
or
( 200 lb ) =
T
=
B
sin 67.339° sin 57.661° sin 55°
(a) T =
( 200 lb )( sin 57.661° ) = 183.116 lb
sin 67.339°
or T = 183.1 lb
(b) B=
( 200 lb )( sin 55° ) = 177.536 lb
sin 67.339°
or B = 177.5 lb 32.3°
PROBLEM 4.74
Solve Problem 4.73 assuming that a = 3 ft.
P4.73 A 200-lb crate is attached to the trolley-beam system shown.
Knowing that a = 1.5 ft, determine (a) the tension in cable CD, (b) the
reaction
at B.
SOLUTION
From geometry of forces

y 
β = tan −1  BE 
 3 ft 
where
yBE = yDE − 2.0 ft
= 3tan 35° − 2.0
= 0.100623 ft
 0.100623 
∴ β = tan −1   = 1.92103°
 3 
and α = 90° + β = 90° + 1.92103° = 91.921°
θ = 35° − β = 35° − 1.92103° = 33.079°
200 lb T B
= =
sin θ sin α sin 55°
200 lb T B
or = =
sin 33.079° sin 91.921° sin 55°
(a) T =
( 200 lb )( sin 91.921° ) = 366.23 lb
sin 33.079°
or T = 366 lb
(b) B=
( 200 lb )( sin 55° ) = 300.17 lb
sin 33.079°
or B = 300 lb 1.921°
PROBLEM 4.75
A 20-kg roller, of diameter 200 mm, which is to be used on a tile floor, is
resting directly on the subflooring as shown. Knowing that the thickness
of each tile is 8 mm, determine the force P required to move the roller
onto the tiles if the roller is pushed to the left.
SOLUTION
Based on the roller having impending motion to the left, the only contact
between the roller and floor will be at the edge of the tile.
First note ( )
W = mg = ( 20 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 196.2 N
From the geometry of the three forces acting on the roller
 92 mm 
α = cos −1   = 23.074°
 100 mm 
and θ = 90° − 30° − α
= 60° − 23.074
= 36.926°
W P
=
sin θ sin α
196.2 N P
or =
sin 36.926° sin 23.074°
∴ P = 127.991 N
or P = 128.0 N 30°
PROBLEM 4.76
A 20-kg roller, of diameter 200 mm, which is to be used on a tile floor, is
resting directly on the subflooring as shown. Knowing that the thickness
of each tile is 8 mm, determine the force P required to move the roller
onto the tiles if the roller is pulled to the right.
SOLUTION
Based on the roller having impending motion to the right, the only
contact between the roller and floor will be at the edge of the tile.
First note (
W = mg = ( 20 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 )
= 196.2 N
From the geometry of the three forces acting on the roller
 92 mm 
α = cos −1   = 23.074°
 100 mm 
and θ = 90° + 30° − α
= 120° − 23.074°
= 96.926°
W P
=
sin θ sin α
196.2 N P
or =
sin 96.926° sin 23.074
∴ P = 77.460 N
or P = 77.5 N 30°
PROBLEM 4.77
A small hoist is mounted on the back of a pickup truck and is used to lift
a 120-kg crate. Determine (a) the force exerted on the hoist by the
hydraulic cylinder BC, (b) the reaction at A.
SOLUTION
First note ( )
W = mg = (120 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 1177.2 N
From the geometry of the three forces acting on the small hoist
x AD = (1.2 m ) cos 30° = 1.03923 m
y AD = (1.2 m ) sin 30° = 0.6 m
and yBE = x AD tan 75° = (1.03923 m ) tan 75° = 3.8785 m
 yBE − 0.4 m  −1  3.4785 

Then α = tan −1   = tan   = 73.366°
 x AD   1.03923 
β = 75° − α = 75° − 73.366° = 1.63412°
θ = 180° − 15° − β = 165° − 1.63412° = 163.366°
W B A
= =
sin β sin θ sin15°
1177.2 N B A
or = =
sin1.63412° sin163.366° sin15°
(a) B = 11 816.9 N
or B = 11.82 kN 75.0°
(b) A = 10 684.2 N
or A = 10.68 kN 73.4°
PROBLEM 4.78
The clamp shown is used to hold the rough workpiece C. Knowing that
the maximum allowable compressive force on the workpiece is 200 N
and neglecting the effect of friction at A, determine the corresponding
(a) reaction at B, (b) reaction at A, (c) tension in the bolt.
SOLUTION
From the geometry of the three forces acting on the clamp
y AD = (105 mm ) tan 78° = 493.99 mm
yBD = y AD − 70 mm = ( 493.99 − 70 ) mm = 423.99 mm
 y   423.99 
Then θ = tan −1  BD −1
 = tan   = 65.301°
 195 mm   195 
α = 90° − θ − 12° = 78° − 65.301° = 12.6987°
(a) Based on the maximum allowable compressive force on the

workpiece of 200 N,
( RB ) y = 200 N
or RB sin θ = 200 N
200 N
∴ RB = = 220.14 N
sin 65.301°
or R B = 220 N 65.3°
RB NA T
= =
sin12° sin α sin ( 90° + θ )
220.14 N NA T
or = =
sin12° sin12.6987° sin155.301°
(b) N A = 232.75 N
or N A = 233 N
(c) T = 442.43 N
or T = 442 N
PROBLEM 4.79
A modified peavey is used to lift a 0.2-m-diameter log of mass 36 kg.
Knowing that θ = 45° and that the force exerted at C by the worker is
perpendicular to the handle of the peavey, determine (a) the force exerted
at C, (b) the reaction at A.
SOLUTION
First note ( )
W = mg = ( 36 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 353.16 N
From the geometry of the three forces acting on the modified peavey
 1.1 m 
β = tan −1   = 40.236°
 1.1 m + 0.2 m 
α = 45° − β = 45° − 40.236° = 4.7636°
W C A
= =
sin β sin α sin135°
353.16 N C A
or = =
sin 40.236° sin 4.7636 sin135°
(a) C = 45.404 N
or C = 45.4 N 45.0°
(b) A = 386.60 N
or A = 387 N 85.2°
PROBLEM 4.80
A modified peavey is used to lift a 0.2-m-diameter log of mass 36 kg.
Knowing that θ = 60° and that the force exerted at C by the worker is
perpendicular to the handle of the peavey, determine (a) the force exerted
at C, (b) the reaction at A.
SOLUTION
First note ( )
W = mg = ( 36 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 353.16 N
From the geometry of the three forces acting on the modified peavey
 1.1 m 
β = tan −1  
 DC + 0.2 m 
where DC = (1.1 m + a ) tan 30°
 R 
a= −R
 tan 30° 
 0.1 m 
=  − 0.1 m
 tan 30° 
= 0.073205 m
∴ DC = (1.173205 ) tan 30°
= 0.67735 m
 1.1 
and β = tan −1   = 51.424°
 0.87735 
α = 60° − β = 60° − 51.424° = 8.5756°
W C A
= =
sin β sin α sin120°
353.16 N C A
or = =
sin 51.424° sin 8.5756° sin120°
(a) C = 67.360 N
or C = 67.4 N 30°
(b) A = 391.22 N
or A = 391 N 81.4°
PROBLEM 4.81
Member ABC is supported by a pin and bracket at B and by an
inextensible cord at A and C and passing over a frictionless pulley at D.
The tension may be assumed to be the same in portion AD and CD of the
cord. For the loading shown and neglecting the size of the pulley,
determine the tension in the cord and the reaction at B.
SOLUTION
From the f.b.d. of member ABC, it is seen that the member can be treated
as a three-force body.
T − 300 3
=
T 4
3T = 4T − 1200
∴ T = 1200 lb
B 5
Also, =
T 4
5 5
∴ B= T = (1200 lb ) = 1500 lb
4 4
3
θ = tan −1   = 36.870°
4
and B = 1500 lb 36.9°

PROBLEM 4.82
Member ABCD is supported by a pin and bracket at C and by an
inextensible cord attached at A and D and passing over frictionless
pulleys at B and E. Neglecting the size of the pulleys, determine the
tension in the cord and the reaction at C.
SOLUTION
From the geometry of the forces acting on member ABCD
 200 
β = tan −1   = 33.690°
 300 
 375 
α = tan −1   = 61.928°
 200 
α − β = 61.928° − 33.690° = 28.237°
180° − α = 180° − 61.928° = 118.072°
T − 80 N T C
= =
sin (α − β ) sin β sin (180° − α )
T − 80 N T C
or = =
sin 28.237° sin 33.690° sin118.072°
Then (T − 80 N ) sin 33.690° = T sin 28.237°
∴ T = 543.96 N
or T = 544 N
and ( 543.96 N ) sin118.072 = C sin 33.690°

∴ C = 865.27 N
or C = 865 N 33.7°
PROBLEM 4.83
P4.18 Determine the reactions at A and B when (a) h = 0 , (b) h = 8 in.
SOLUTION
(a) Based on symmetry
α = 30°
From force triangle
A = B = 40 lb
or A = 40.0 lb 30°
and B = 40.0 lb 30°
(b) From geometry of forces

 8 in. − (10 in.) tan 30° 
α = tan −1   = 12.5521°
 10 in. 
Also,
30° − α = 30° − 12.5521° = 17.4479°
90° + α = 90° + 12.5521° = 102.5521°
Applying law of sines to the force triangle,
40 lb A B
= =
sin ( 30° − α ) sin 60° sin ( 90° + α )
40 lb A B
or = =
sin17.4479° sin 60° sin102.5521
A = 115.533 lb
or A = 115.5 lb 12.55°
B = 130.217 lb
or B = 130.2 lb 30.0°
PROBLEM 4.84
P4.28 A lever is hinged at C and is attached to a control cable at A. If the
lever is subjected to a 300-N vertical force at B, determine
(a) the tension in the cable, (b) the reaction at C.
SOLUTION
From geometry of forces acting on lever
 yDA 
α = tan −1  
 xDA 
where
yDA = 0.24 m − y AC = 0.24 m − ( 0.2 m ) sin 20°
= 0.171596 m
xDA = ( 0.2 m ) cos 20°
= 0.187939 m
 0.171596 
∴ α = tan −1   = 42.397°
 0.187939 
 y AC + yEA 
β = 90° − tan −1  
 xCE 
where xCE = ( 0.3 m ) cos 20° = 0.28191 m
y AC = ( 0.2 m ) sin 20° = 0.068404 m
yEA = ( xDA + xCE ) tan α
= ( 0.187939 + 0.28191) tan 42.397°
= 0.42898 m
 0.49739 
∴ β = 90° − tan −1   = 29.544°
 0.28191 
Also, 90° − (α + β ) = 90° − 71.941° = 18.0593°
90° + α = 90° + 42.397° = 132.397°

300 N T C
= =
sin 90° − (α + β )  sin β sin ( 90° + α )
300 N T C
or = =
sin18.0593° sin 29.544° sin132.397°
(a) T = 477.18 N or T = 477 N
(b) C = 714.67 N or C = 715 N 60.5°

PROBLEM 4.85
Knowing that θ = 35o , determine the reaction (a) at B, (b) at C.
SOLUTION
From the geometry of the three forces applied to the member ABC
y 
α = tan −1  CD 
 R 
where
yCD = R tan 55° − R = 0.42815R
∴ α = tan −1 ( 0.42815 ) = 23.178°
Then 55° − α = 55° − 23.178° = 31.822°
90° + α = 90° + 23.178° = 113.178°
P B C
= =
sin ( 55° − α ) sin ( 90° + α ) sin 35°
P B C
or = =
sin 31.822° sin113.178° sin 35°
(a) B = 1.74344P
or B = 1.743P 55.0°
(b) C = 1.08780P
or C = 1.088P 23.2°
PROBLEM 4.86
Knowing that θ = 50o , determine the reaction (a) at B, (b) at C.
SOLUTION
From the geometry of the three forces acting on member ABC
y 
α = tan −1  DC 
 R 
where
yDC = R − y AD = R 1 − tan ( 90° − 50° ) 
= 0.160900 R
∴ α = tan −1 ( 0.160900 ) = 9.1406°
Then 90° − α = 90° − 9.1406° = 80.859°
40° + α = 40° + 9.1406° = 49.141°
P B C
= =
sin ( 40° + α ) sin ( 90° − α ) sin 50°
P B C
or = =
sin 49.141° sin ( 80.859° ) sin 50°
(a) B = 1.30540P
or B = 1.305P 40.0°
(b) C = 1.01286P
or C = 1.013P 9.14°
PROBLEM 4.87
A slender rod of length L and weight W is held in equilibrium as shown,
with one end against a frictionless wall and the other end attached to a
cord of length S. Derive an expression for the distance h in terms of L and
S. Show that this position of equilibrium does not exist if S > 2L.
SOLUTION
From the f.b.d of the three-force member AB, forces must intersect at D.
Since the force T intersects point D, directly above G,
yBE = h
For triangle ACE:
S 2 = ( AE ) + ( 2h )
2 2
(1)
For triangle ABE:
L2 = ( AE ) + ( h )
2 2
(2)
Subtracting Equation (2) from Equation (1)

S 2 − L2 = 3h 2 (3)
S 2 − L2
or h =
3
As length S increases relative to length L, angle θ increases until rod AB
is vertical. At this vertical position:
h+L=S or h=S−L
Therefore, for all positions of AB h≥S−L (4)
S 2 − L2
or ≥S−L
3
or ( )
S 2 − L2 ≥ 3 ( S − L ) = 3 S 2 − 2SL + L2 = 3S 2 − 6SL + 3L2
2
or 0 ≥ 2S 2 − 6SL + 4 L2
and 0 ≥ S 2 − 3SL + 2 L2 = ( S − L )( S − 2 L )
For S−L=0 S = L
∴ Minimum value of S is L
For S − 2L = 0 S = 2L
∴ Maximum value of S is 2L
Therefore, equilibrium does not exist if S > 2L
PROBLEM 4.88
A slender rod of length L = 200 mm is held in equilibrium as shown,
with one end against a frictionless wall and the other end attached to a
cord of length S = 300 mm. Knowing that the mass of the rod is 1.5 kg,
determine (a) the distance h, (b) the tension in the cord, (c) the reaction
at B.
SOLUTION
From the f.b.d of the three-force member AB, forces must intersect at D.
Since the force T intersects point D, directly above G,
yBE = h
For triangle ACE:
S 2 = ( AE ) + ( 2h )
2 2
(1)
For triangle ABE:
L2 = ( AE ) + ( h )
2 2
(2)
Subtracting Equation (2) from Equation (1)

S 2 − L2 = 3h 2
S 2 − L2
or h =
3
(a) For L = 200 mm and S = 300 mm
h=
( 300 )2 − ( 200 )2 = 129.099 mm
3
or h = 129.1 mm
(b) Have (
W = mg = (1.5 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 14.715 N)
 2h   2 (129.099 ) 
and θ = sin −1   = sin −1  
 s   300 
θ = 59.391°
W 14.715 N
T = = = 17.0973 N
sin θ sin 59.391°
or T = 17.10 N
W 14.715 N
(c) B= = = 8.7055 N
tan θ tan 59.391°
or B = 8.71 N
PROBLEM 4.89
A slender rod of length L and weight W is attached to collars which can
slide freely along the guides shown. Knowing that the rod is in
equilibrium, derive an expression for the angle θ in terms of the
angle β .
SOLUTION
As shown in the f.b.d of the slender rod AB, the three forces intersect at
C. From the force geometry
xGB
tan β =
y AB
where
y AB = L cosθ
1
and xGB = L sin θ
2
1 L sin θ 1
∴ tan β = 2
= tan θ
L cosθ 2
or tan θ = 2 tan β
PROBLEM 4.90
A 10-kg slender rod of length L is attached to collars which can slide
freely along the guides shown. Knowing that the rod is in equilibrium and
that β = 25°, determine (a) the angle θ that the rod forms with the
vertical, (b) the reactions at A and B.
SOLUTION
(a) As shown in the f.b.d. of the slender rod AB, the three forces
intersect at C. From the geometry of the forces
xCB
tan β =
yBC
where
1
xCB = L sin θ
2
and yBC = L cosθ
1
∴ tan β = tan θ
2
or tan θ = 2 tan β
For β = 25°
tan θ = 2 tan 25° = 0.93262
∴ θ = 43.003°
or θ = 43.0°
(b) (
W = mg = (10 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 98.1 N )
From force triangle
A = W tan β
= ( 98.1 N ) tan 25°
= 45.745 N
or A = 45.7 N
W 98.1 N
and B= = = 108.241 N
cos β cos 25°
or B = 108.2 N 65.0°
PROBLEM 4.91
A uniform slender rod of mass 5 g and length 250 mm is balanced on a
glass of inner diameter 70 mm. Neglecting friction, determine the angle θ
corresponding to equilibrium.
SOLUTION
From the geometry of the forces acting on the three-force member AB
Triangle ACF
yCF = d tan θ
Triangle CEF xFE = yCF tan θ = d tan 2 θ

Triangle AGE
d + xFE d + d tan 2 θ
cosθ = =
L L
   
2 2
=
2d
L
(
1 + tan 2 θ )
Now (1 + tan θ ) = sec θ
2 2
and secθ =
1
cosθ
2d 2d  1 
Then cosθ = sec 2 θ =  
L L  cos 2 θ 
2d
∴ cos3 θ =
L
For d = 70 mm and L = 250 mm
2 ( 70 )
cos3 θ = = 0.56
250
∴ cosθ = 0.82426
and θ = 34.487°
or θ = 34.5°
PROBLEM 4.92
Rod AB is bent into the shape of a circular arc and is lodged between two
pegs D and E. It supports a load P at end B. Neglecting friction and the
weight of the rod, determine the distance c corresponding to equilibrium
when a = 1 in. and R = 5 in.
SOLUTION
Since yED = xED = a,
Slope of ED is 45°
∴ slope of HC is 45°
Also DE = 2a
1 a
and DH = HE =   DE =
2 2
For triangles DHC and EHC
a/ 2 a
sin β = =
R 2R
Now c = R sin ( 45° − β )
For a = 1 in. and R = 5 in.
1 in.
sin β = = 0.141421
2 ( 5 in.)
∴ β = 8.1301° or β = 8.13°
and c = ( 5 in.) sin ( 45° − 8.1301° ) = 3.00 in.
or c = 3.00 in.
PROBLEM 4.93
A uniform rod AB of weight W and length 2R rests inside a hemispherical
bowl of radius R as shown. Neglecting friction determine the angle θ
corresponding to equilibrium.
SOLUTION
Based on the f.b.d., the uniform rod AB is a three-force body. Point E is
the point of intersection of the three forces. Since force A passes through
O, the center of the circle, and since force C is perpendicular to the rod,
triangle ACE is a right triangle inscribed in the circle. Thus, E is a point
on the circle.
Note that the angle α of triangle DOA is the central angle corresponding
to the inscribed angle θ of triangle DCA.
∴ α = 2θ
The horizontal projections of AE , ( x AE ) , and AG, ( x AG ) , are equal.
∴ x AE = x AG = x A
or ( AE ) cos 2θ = ( AG ) cosθ
and ( 2R ) cos 2θ = R cosθ
Now cos 2θ = 2cos 2 θ − 1
then 4cos 2 θ − 2 = cosθ
or 4cos 2 θ − cosθ − 2 = 0
Applying the quadratic equation
cosθ = 0.84307 and cosθ = −0.59307
∴ θ = 32.534° and θ = 126.375°(Discard)
or θ = 32.5°
PROBLEM 4.94
A uniform slender rod of mass m and length 4r rests on the surface shown
and is held in the given equilibrium position by the force P. Neglecting
the effect of friction at A and C, (a) determine the angle θ, (b) derive an
expression for P in terms of m.
SOLUTION
The forces acting on the three-force member intersect at D.
(a) From triangle ACO
 r  −1  1 
θ = tan −1   = tan   = 18.4349° or θ = 18.43°
 3r   3
r
(b) From triangle DCG tan θ =
DC
r r
∴ DC = = = 3r
tan θ tan18.4349°
and DO = DC + r = 3r + r = 4r
 yDO 
α = tan −1  
 x AG 
where yDO = ( DO ) cosθ = ( 4r ) cos18.4349°
= 3.4947r
and x AG = ( 2r ) cosθ = ( 2r ) cos18.4349°
= 1.89737r
 3.4947r 
∴ α = tan −1   = 63.435°
 1.89737r 
where 90° + (α − θ ) = 90° + 45° = 135.00°

mg R
= A
sin 90° + (α − θ )  sin θ
 
∴ RA = ( 0.44721) mg
Finally, P = RA cos α
= ( 0.44721mg ) cos 63.435°
mg
= 0.20000mg or P =
5
PROBLEM 4.95
A uniform slender rod of length 2L and mass m rests against a roller at D
and is held in the equilibrium position shown by a cord of length a.
Knowing that L = 200 mm, determine (a) the angle θ, (b) the length a.
SOLUTION
(a) The forces acting on the three-force member AB intersect at E. Since
triangle DBC is isosceles, DB = a.
From triangle BDE
ED = DB tan 2θ = a tan 2θ
From triangle GED
ED =
( L − a)
tan θ
L−a
∴ a tan 2θ = or a ( tan θ tan 2θ + 1) = L (1)
tan θ
1 (1.25L )
L
From triangle BCD a= 2
or = 1.6cosθ (2)
cosθ a
Substituting Equation (2) into Equation (1) yields
1.6cosθ = 1 + tan θ tan 2θ
sin θ sin 2θ
Now tan θ tan 2θ =
cosθ cos 2θ
sin θ 2sin θ cosθ
=
cosθ 2 cos 2 θ − 1
2 (1 − cos 2 θ )
=
2cos 2 θ − 1
2 (1 − cos 2 θ )
Then 1.6cosθ = 1 +
2cos 2 θ − 1
or 3.2cos3 θ − 1.6cosθ − 1 = 0
Solving numerically θ = 23.515° or θ = 23.5°
(b) From Equation (2) for L = 200 mm and θ = 23.5°
5 ( 200 mm )
a= = 136.321 mm
8 cos 23.515°
or a = 136.3 mm
PROBLEM 4.96
Gears A and B are attached to a shaft supported by bearings at C and D.
The diameters of gears A and B are 150 mm and 75 mm, respectively, and
the tangential and radial forces acting on the gears are as shown.
Knowing that the system rotates at a constant rate, determine the
reactions at C and D. Assume that the bearing at C does not exert any
axial force, and neglect the weights of the gears and the shaft.
SOLUTION
Assume moment reactions at the bearing supports are zero. From f.b.d. of
shaft
ΣFx = 0: ∴ Dx = 0
ΣM D( z -axis ) = 0: − C y (175 mm ) + ( 482 N ) ( 75 mm )
+ ( 2650 N ) ( 50 mm ) = 0
∴ C y = 963.71 N
or C y = ( 964 N ) j
ΣM D( y -axis ) = 0: Cz (175 mm ) + (1325 N ) ( 75 mm )
+ ( 964 N ) ( 50 mm ) = 0
∴ C z = −843.29 N
or C z = ( 843 N ) k
and C = ( 964 N ) j − ( 843 N ) k
ΣM C ( z -axis ) = 0: − ( 482 N ) (100 mm ) + Dy (175 mm )
+ ( 2650 N ) ( 225 mm ) = 0
∴ D y = −3131.7 N
or D y = − ( 3130 N ) j
ΣM C ( y -axis ) = 0: − (1325 N ) (100 mm ) − Dz (175 mm )
+ ( 964 N ) ( 225 mm ) = 0
∴ Dz = 482.29 N
or D z = ( 482 N ) k
and D = − ( 3130 N ) j + ( 482 N ) k

PROBLEM 4.97
Solve Problem 4.96 assuming that for gear A the tangential and radial
forces are acting at E, so that FA = (1325 N)j + (482 N)k.
P4.96 Gears A and B are attached to a shaft supported by bearings at C and
D. The diameters of gears A and B are 150 mm and 75 mm, respectively,
and the tangential and radial forces acting on the gears are as shown.
Knowing that the system rotates at a constant rate, determine the reactions at
C and D. Assume that the bearing at C does not exert any axial force, and
neglect the weights of the gears and the shaft.
SOLUTION
Assume moment reactions at the bearing supports are zero. From f.b.d. of
shaft
ΣFx = 0: ∴ Dx = 0
ΣM D( z -axis ) = 0: − C y (175 mm ) − (1325 N ) ( 75 mm )
+ ( 2650 N ) ( 50 mm ) = 0
∴ C y = 189.286 N
or C y = (189.3 N ) j
ΣM D( y -axis ) = 0: C z (175 mm ) + ( 482 N ) ( 75 mm )
+ ( 964 N ) ( 50 mm ) = 0
∴ C z = −482.00 N
or C z = − ( 482 N ) k
and C = (189.3 N ) j − ( 482 N ) k
ΣM C ( z -axis ) = 0: (1325 N ) (100 mm ) + Dy (175 mm )

+ ( 2650 N ) ( 225 mm ) = 0
∴ Dy = − 4164.3 N
or D y = − ( 4160 N ) j
ΣM C ( y -axis ) = 0: − ( 482 N )(100 mm ) − Dz (175 mm )
+ ( 964 N )( 225 mm ) = 0
∴ Dz = 964.00 N
or D z = ( 964 N ) k
and D = − ( 4160 N ) j + ( 964 N ) k

PROBLEM 4.98
Two transmission belts pass over sheaves welded to an axle supported by
bearings at B and D. The sheave at A has a radius of 50 mm, and the
sheave at C has a radius of 40 mm. Knowing that the system rotates with
a constant rate, determine (a) the tension T, (b) the reactions at B and D.
Assume that the bearing at D does not exert any axial thrust and neglect
the weights of the sheaves and the axle.
SOLUTION
Assume moment reactions at the bearing supports are zero. From f.b.d. of shaft
(a) ΣM x-axis = 0: ( 240 N − 180 N )( 50 mm ) + ( 300 N − T )( 40 mm ) = 0
∴ T = 375 N
(b) ΣFx = 0: Bx = 0
ΣM D( z -axis ) = 0: ( 300 N + 375 N )(120 mm ) − By ( 240 mm ) = 0

∴ By = 337.5 N
ΣM D( y -axis ) = 0: ( 240 N + 180 N )( 400 mm ) + Bz ( 240 mm ) = 0

∴ Bz = −700 N
or B = ( 338 N ) j − ( 700 N ) k
ΣM B( z -axis ) = 0: − ( 300 N + 375 N )(120 mm ) + D y ( 240 mm ) = 0
∴ D y = 337.5 N
ΣM B( y -axis ) = 0: ( 240 N + 180 N )(160 mm ) + Dz ( 240 mm ) = 0

∴ Dz = −280 N
or D = ( 338 N ) j − ( 280 N ) k
PROBLEM 4.99
For the portion of a machine shown, the 4-in.-diameter pulley A and
wheel B are fixed to a shaft supported by bearings at C and D. The spring
of constant 2 lb/in. is unstretched when θ = 0, and the bearing at C does
not exert any axial force. Knowing that θ = 180° and that the machine is
at rest and in equilibrium, determine (a) the tension T, (b) the reactions at
C and D. Neglect the weights of the shaft, pulley, and wheel.
SOLUTION
First, determine the spring force, FE , at θ = 180°.
FE = ks x
where ks = 2 lb/in.
x = ( yE )final − ( yE )initial = (12 in. + 3.5 in.) − (12 in. − 3.5 in.) = 7.0 in.
∴ FE = ( 2 lb/in.)( 7.0 in.) = 14.0 lb
(a) From f.b.d. of machine part

ΣM x = 0: ( 34 lb )( 2 in.) − T ( 2 in.) = 0
∴ T = 34 lb or T = 34.0 lb
(b) ΣM D ( z -axis ) = 0: − C y (10 in.) − FE ( 2 in. + 1 in.) = 0
− C y (10 in.) − 14.0 lb ( 3 in.) = 0
∴ C y = −4.2 lb or C y = − ( 4.20 lb ) j
ΣM D( y -axis ) = 0: C z (10 in.) + 34 lb ( 4 in.) + 34 lb ( 4 in.) = 0
∴ C z = −27.2 lb or C z = − ( 27.2 lb ) k
and C = − ( 4.20 lb ) j − ( 27.2 lb ) k

ΣFx = 0: Dx = 0
ΣM C ( z -axis ) = 0: Dy (10 in.) − FE (12 in. + 1 in.) = 0
or Dy (10 in.) − 14.0 (13 in.) = 0
∴ Dy = 18.2 lb or D y = (18.20 lb ) j
ΣM C ( y -axis ) = 0: − 2 ( 34 lb ) ( 6 in.) − Dz (10 in.) = 0
∴ Dz = −40.8 lb or D z = − ( 40.8 lb ) k
and D = (18.20 lb ) j − ( 40.8 lb ) k

PROBLEM 4.100
Solve Problem 4.99 for θ = 90°.
P4.99 For the portion of a machine shown, the 4-in.-diameter pulley A and
wheel B are fixed to a shaft supported by bearings at C and D. The spring of
constant 2 lb/in. is unstretched when θ = 0, and the bearing at C does not
exert any axial force. Knowing that θ = 180° and that the machine is at rest
and in equilibrium, determine (a) the tension T, (b) the reactions at C and D.
Neglect the weights of the shaft, pulley, and wheel.
SOLUTION
First, determine the spring force, FE , at θ = 90°.
FE = ks x
where ks = 2 lb/in.

and x = Lfinal − Linitial =  ( 3.5)2 + (12 )2  − (12 − 3.5) = 12.5 − 8.5 = 4.0 in.
 
∴ FE = ( 2 lb/in.)( 4.0 in.) = 8.0 lb
−12.0 3.5
Then FE = (8.0 lb ) j + (8.0 lb ) k = − ( 7.68 lb ) j + ( 2.24 lb ) k
12.5 12.5
(a) From f.b.d. of machine part
ΣM x = 0: ( 34 lb ) ( 2 in.) − T ( 2 in.) − ( 7.68 lb )( 3.5 in.) = 0
∴ T = 20.56 lb or T = 20.6 lb
(b) ΣM D ( z -axis ) = 0: − C y (10 in.) − ( 7.68 lb ) ( 3.0 in.) = 0
∴ C y = −2.304 lb or C y = − ( 2.30 lb ) j
ΣM D ( y -axis ) = 0: Cz (10 in.) + ( 34 lb ) ( 4.0 in.) + ( 20.56 lb ) ( 4.0 in.) − ( 2.24 lb ) ( 3 in.) = 0
∴ C z = −21.152 lb or C z = − ( 21.2 lb ) k
and C = − ( 2.30 lb ) j − ( 21.2 lb ) k

ΣFx = 0: Dx = 0
ΣM C ( z -axis ) = 0: Dy (10 in.) − ( 7.68 lb )(13 in.) = 0
∴ D y = 9.984 lb or D y = ( 9.98 lb ) j
ΣM C ( y -axis ) = 0: − ( 34 lb )( 6 in.) − ( 20.56 lb )( 6 in.) − Dz (10 in.) − ( 2.24 lb )(13 in.) = 0
∴ Dz = −35.648 lb or D z = − ( 35.6 lb ) k
and D = ( 9.98 lb ) j − ( 35.6 lb ) k

PROBLEM 4.101
A 1.2 × 2.4-m sheet of plywood having a mass of 17 kg has been
temporarily placed among three pipe supports. The lower edge of the
sheet rests on small collars A and B and its upper edge leans against pipe
C. Neglecting friction at all surfaces, determine the reactions at A, B,
and C.
SOLUTION
First note ( )
W = mg = (17 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 166.77 N
h= (1.2 )2 − (1.125)2 = 0.41758 m
From f.b.d. of plywood sheet
 (1.125 m ) 
ΣM z = 0: C ( h ) − W   =0
 2 
C ( 0.41758 m ) − (166.77 N ) ( 0.5625 m ) = 0
∴ C = 224.65 N or C = − ( 225 N ) i
ΣM B( y -axis ) = 0: − ( 224.65 N ) ( 0.6 m ) + Ax (1.2 m ) = 0
∴ Ax = 112.324 N or A x = (112.3 N ) i
ΣM B( x-axis ) = 0: (166.77 N ) ( 0.3 m ) − Ay (1.2 m ) = 0
∴ Ay = 41.693 N or A y = ( 41.7 N ) j
ΣM A( y -axis ) = 0: ( 224.65 N ) ( 0.6 m ) − Bx (1.2 m ) = 0
∴ Bx = 112.325 N or B x = (112.3 N ) i
ΣM A( x-axis ) = 0: By (1.2 m ) − (166.77 N ) ( 0.9 m ) = 0
∴ By = 125.078 N or B y = (125.1 N ) j
∴ A = (112.3 N ) i + ( 41.7 N ) j
B = (112.3 N ) i + (125.1 N ) j
C = − ( 225 N ) i
PROBLEM 4.102
The 200 × 200-mm square plate shown has a mass of 25 kg and is
supported by three vertical wires. Determine the tension in each wire.
SOLUTION
First note ( )
W = mg = ( 25 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 245.25 N

ΣM x = 0: ( 245.25 N ) (100 mm ) − TA (100 mm ) − TC ( 200 mm ) = 0
∴ TA + 2TC = 245.25 N (1)
ΣM z = 0: TB (160 mm ) + TC (160 mm ) − ( 245.25 N ) (100 mm ) = 0
∴ TB + TC = 153.281 N (2)
ΣFy = 0: TA + TB + TC − 245.25 N = 0
∴ TB + TC = 245.25 − TA (3)
Equating Equations (2) and (3) yields
TA = 245.25 N − 153.281 N = 91.969 N (4)
or TA = 92.0 N
Substituting the value of TA into Equation (1)
TC =
( 245.25 N − 91.969 N ) = 76.641 N (5)
2
or TC = 76.6 N
Substituting the value of TC into Equation (2)
TB = 153.281 N − 76.641 N = 76.639 N or TB = 76.6 N
TA = 92.0 N
TB = 76.6 N
TC = 76.6 N
PROBLEM 4.103
The 200 × 200-mm square plate shown has a mass of 25 kg and is
supported by three vertical wires. Determine the mass and location of the
lightest block which should be placed on the plate if the tensions in the
three cables are to be equal.
SOLUTION
First note ( )
WG = m p1g = ( 25 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 245.25 N
( )
W1 = mg = m 9.81 m/s 2 = ( 9.81m ) N

ΣFy = 0: 3T − WG − W1 = 0 (1)
ΣM x = 0: WG (100 mm ) + W1 ( z ) − T (100 mm ) − T ( 200 mm ) = 0
or − 300T + 100WG + W1z = 0 (2)
ΣM z = 0: 2T (160 mm ) − WG (100 mm ) − W1 ( x ) = 0
or 320T − 100WG − W1x = 0 (3)
Eliminate T by forming 100 ×  Eq. (1) + Eq. ( 2 ) 
−100W1 + W1z = 0
∴ z = 100 mm 0 ≤ z ≤ 200 mm, ∴ okay
Now, 3 ×  Eq. ( 3)  − 320 ×  Eq. (1) yields
3 ( 320T ) − 3 (100 )WG − 3W1x − 320 ( 3T ) + 320WG + 320W1 = 0

or 20WG + ( 320 − 3x )W1 = 0
W1 20
or =
WG ( 3 x − 320 )
W1
The smallest value of will result in the smallest value of W1 since WG is given.
WG
∴ Use x = xmax = 200 mm
W1 20 1
and then = =
WG 3 ( 200 ) − 320 14
WG 245.25 N
∴ W1 = = = 17.5179 N ( minimum )
14 14
W1 17.5179 N
and m= = = 1.78571 kg
g 9.81 m/s 2
or m = 1.786 kg
at x = 200 mm, z = 100 mm
PROBLEM 4.104
A camera of mass 240 g is mounted on a small tripod of mass 200 g.
Assuming that the mass of the camera is uniformly distributed and that
the line of action of the weight of the tripod passes through D, determine
(a) the vertical components of the reactions at A, B, and C when θ = 0,
(b) the maximum value of θ if the tripod is not to tip over.
SOLUTION
First note ( )
WC = mC g = ( 0.24 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 2.3544 N
Wtp = mtp g = ( 0.20 kg ) ( 9.81 m/s ) = 1.9620 N

2
For θ = 0 xC = − ( 60 mm − 24 mm ) = −36 mm
zC = 0
(a) From f.b.d. of camera and tripod as projected onto plane ABCD
ΣFy = 0: Ay + By + C y − WC − Wtp = 0
∴ Ay + By + C y = 2.3544 N + 1.9620 N = 4.3164 N (1)
ΣM x = 0: C y ( 38 mm ) − By ( 38 mm ) = 0 ∴ C y = By (2)
ΣM z = 0: By ( 35 mm ) + C y ( 35 mm ) + ( 2.3544 N ) ( 36 mm ) − Ay ( 45 mm ) = 0
∴ 9 Ay − 7By − 7C y = 16.9517 (3)
Substitute C y with By from Equation (2) into Equations (1) and (3), and solve by elimination
(
7 Ay + 2 By = 4.3164 )
9 Ay − 14By = 16.9517
16 Ay = 47.166
∴ Ay = 2.9479 N
or A y = 2.95 N
Substituting Ay = 2.9479 N into Equation (1)
2.9479 N + 2 By = 4.3164
∴ By = 0.68425 N
C y = 0.68425 N
or B y = C y = 0.684 N
(b) By = 0 for impending tipping
From f.b.d. of camera and tripod as projected onto plane ABCD

ΣFy = 0: Ay + C y − WC − Wtp = 0
∴ Ay + C y = 4.3164 N (1)
ΣM x = 0: C y ( 38 mm ) − ( 2.3544 N ) ( 36 mm ) sin θ  = 0
∴ C y = 2.2305sin θ (2)
ΣM z = 0: C y ( 35 mm ) − Ay ( 45 mm ) + ( 2.3544 N ) ( 36 mm ) cosθ  = 0
∴ 9 Ay − 7C y = (16.9517 N ) cosθ (3)
Forming 7 ×  Eq. (1)  +  Eq. ( 3)  yields
16 Ay = 30.215 N + (16.9517 N ) cosθ (4)

Substituting Equation (2) into Equation (3)
9 Ay − (15.6134 N ) sin θ = (16.9517 N ) cosθ (5)
Forming 9 ×  Eq. ( 4 )  − 16 ×  Eq. ( 5 )  yields
( 249.81 N ) sin θ = 271.93 N − (118.662 N ) cosθ

2
or cos 2 θ =  2.2916 N − ( 2.1053 N ) sin θ 
Now cos 2 θ = 1 − sin 2 θ
∴ 5.4323sin 2 θ − 9.6490sin θ + 4.2514 = 0

Using quadratic formula to solve,
sin θ = 0.80981 and sin θ = 0.96641
∴ θ = 54.078° and θ = 75.108°
or θ max = 54.1° before tipping
PROBLEM 4.105
Two steel pipes AB and BC, each having a weight per unit length of
5 lb/ft, are welded together at B and are supported by three wires.
Knowing that a = 1.25 ft, determine the tension in each wire.
SOLUTION
First note WAB = ( 5 lb/ft )( 2 ft ) = 10 lb
WBC = ( 5 lb/ft )( 4 ft ) = 20 lb
W = WAB + WBC = 30 lb
To locate the equivalent force of the pipe assembly weight
rG/B × W = Σ ( ri × Wi ) = rG ( AB ) × WAB + rG ( BC ) × WBC
or ( xGi + zGk ) × ( −30 lb ) j = (1 ft ) k × ( −10 lb ) j + ( 2 ft ) i × ( −20 lb ) j

∴ − ( 30 lb ) xGk + ( 30 lb ) zG i = (10 lb ⋅ ft ) i − ( 40 lb ⋅ ft ) k
10 lb ⋅ ft 1
From i-coefficient zG = = ft
30 lb 3
40 lb ⋅ ft 1
k-coefficient xG = = 1 ft
30 lb 3
From f.b.d. of piping
ΣM x = 0: W ( zG ) − TA ( 2 ft ) = 0
1  1 
∴ TA =  ft  30 lb  ft  = 5 lb or TA = 5.00 lb
2  3 
ΣFy = 0: 5 lb + TD + TC − 30 lb = 0
∴ TD + TC = 25 lb (1)
4 
ΣM z = 0: TD (1.25 ft ) + TC ( 4 ft ) − 30 lb  ft  = 0
3 
∴ 1.25TD + 4TC = 40 lb ⋅ ft (2)
−4  Equation (1)  −4TD − 4TC = −100 (3)
Equation (2) + Equation (3) −2.75TD = −60
∴ TD = 21.818 lb or TD = 21.8 lb
From Equation (1) TC = 25 − 21.818 = 3.1818 lb or TC = 3.18 lb
Results: TA = 5.00 lb
TC = 3.18 lb
TD = 21.8 lb
PROBLEM 4.106
For the pile assembly of Problem 4.105, determine (a) the largest
permissible value of a if the assembly is not to tip, (b) the corresponding
tension in each wire.
P4.105 Two steel pipes AB and BC, each having a weight per unit length
of 5 lb/ft, are welded together at B and are supported by three wires.
Knowing that a = 1.25 ft, determine the tension in each wire.
SOLUTION
First note WAB = ( 5 lb/ft )( 2 ft ) = 10 lb
WBC = ( 5 lb/ft )( 4 ft ) = 20 lb
From f.b.d. of pipe assembly
ΣFy = 0: TA + TC + TD − 10 lb − 20 lb = 0
∴ TA + TC + TD = 30 lb (1)
ΣM x = 0: (10 lb )(1 ft ) − TA ( 2 ft ) = 0
or TA = 5.00 lb (2)
From Equations (1) and (2) TC + TD = 25 lb (3)
ΣM z = 0: TC ( 4 ft ) + TD ( amax ) − 20 lb ( 2 ft ) = 0
or ( 4 ft ) TC + TD amax = 40 lb ⋅ ft (4)
Using Equation (3) to eliminate TC
4 ( 25 − TD ) + TD amax = 40
60
or amax = 4 −
TD
By observation, a is maximum when TD is maximum. From Equation (3), (TD )max occurs when TC = 0.
Therefore, (TD )max = 25 lb and
60
amax = 4 −
25
= 1.600 ft
Results: (a) amax = 1.600 ft
(b) TA = 5.00 lb
TC = 0
TD = 25.0 lb
PROBLEM 4.107
A uniform aluminum rod of weight W is bent into a circular ring of radius
R and is supported by three wires as shown. Determine the tension in
each wire.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d. of ring
ΣFy = 0: TA + TB + TC − W = 0
∴ TA + TB + TC = W (1)
ΣM x = 0: TA ( R ) − TC ( R sin 30° ) = 0
∴ TA = 0.5TC (2)
ΣM z = 0: TC ( R cos 30° ) − TB ( R ) = 0
∴ TB = 0.86603TC (3)
Substituting TA and TB from Equations (2) and (3) into Equation (1)
0.5TC + 0.86603TC + TC = W
∴ TC = 0.42265W
From Equation (2)
TA = 0.5 ( 0.42265W ) = 0.21132W
From Equation (3)
TB = 0.86603 ( 0.42265W ) = 0.36603W
or TA = 0.211W
TB = 0.366W
TC = 0.423W
PROBLEM 4.108
A uniform aluminum rod of weight W is bent into a circular ring of radius
R and is supported by three wires as shown. A small collar of weight W ′
is then placed on the ring and positioned so that the tensions in the three
wires are equal. Determine (a) the position of the collar, (b) the value of
W ′, (c) the tension in the wires.
SOLUTION
Let θ = angle from x-axis to small collar of weight W ′
From f.b.d. of ring
ΣFy = 0: 3T − W − W ′ = 0 (1)
ΣM x = 0: T ( R ) − T ( R sin 30° ) + W ′ ( R sin θ ) = 0
1
or W ′ sin θ = − T (2)
2
ΣM z = 0: T ( R cos 30° ) − W ′ ( R cosθ ) − T ( R ) = 0
 3
or W ′ cosθ = − 1 − T (3)
 2 

Dividing Equation (2) by Equation (3)
−1
 1    3 
tan θ =   1 −   = 3.7321
 2    2  
∴ θ = 75.000° and θ = 255.00°

Based on Equations (2) and (3), θ = 75.000° will give a negative value
for W ′, which is not acceptable.
(a) ∴ W ′ is located at θ = 255° from the x-axis or 15° from A
towards B.
(b) From Equation (1) and Equation (2)
W ′ = 3 ( −2W ′ )( sin 255° ) − W
∴ W ′ = 0.20853W
or W ′ = 0.209W
(c) From Equation (1)
T = −2 ( 0.20853W ) sin 255°
= 0.40285W
or T = 0.403W
PROBLEM 4.109
An opening in a floor is covered by a 3 × 4-ft sheet of plywood weighing
12 lb. The sheet is hinged at A and B and is maintained in a position
slightly above the floor by a small block C. Determine the vertical
component of the reaction (a) at A, (b) at B, (c) at C.
SOLUTION
ΣM x = 0: (12 lb )( 2 ft ) − C y ( 3.5 ft ) = 0
∴ C y = 6.8571 lb or C y = 6.86 lb
ΣM B( z -axis ) = 0: (12 lb )(1 ft ) + ( 6.8571 lb )( 0.5 ft ) − Ay ( 2 ft ) = 0
∴ Ay = 7.7143 lb or Ay = 7.71 lb
ΣM A( z -axis ) = 0: − (12 lb )(1 ft ) + By ( 2 ft ) + ( 6.8571 lb )( 2.5 ft ) = 0
∴ By = 2.5714 lb or By = 2.57 lb
(a) Ay = 7.71 lb
(b) By = 2.57 lb
(c) C y = 6.86 lb
PROBLEM 4.110
Solve Problem 4.109 assuming that the small block C is moved and
placed under edge DE at a point 0.5 ft from corner E.
SOLUTION
First, rB/ A = ( 2 ft ) i
rC/ A = ( 2 ft ) i + ( 4 ft ) k
rG/ A = (1 ft ) i + ( 2 ft ) k
ΣM A = 0: rB/ A × ( B y j + Bzk ) + rC/ A × C y j + rG/ A × ( −Wj) = 0
( 2 ft ) i × By j + ( 2 ft ) i × Bzk + [( 2 ft ) i + ( 4 ft ) k ] × C y j
+ [(1 ft ) i + ( 2 ft ) k ] × ( −12 lb ) j = 0
2Byk − 2 Bz j + 2C yk − 4C y i − 12k + 24i = 0
i-coeff. −4C y + 24 = 0 ∴ C y = 6.00 lb
j-coeff. −2 Bz = 0 ∴ Bz = 0
k-coeff. 2By + 2C y − 12 = 0
or 2By + 2 ( 6 ) − 12 = 0 ∴ By = 0
ΣF = 0: Ay j + Azk + By j + Bzk + C y j − Wj = 0
Ay j + Az k + 0 j + 0k + 6 j − 12 j = 0
j-coeff. Ay + 6 − 12 = 0 ∴ Ay = 6.00 lb
k-coeff. Az = 0 Az = 0
∴ a) Ay = 6.00 lb
b) By = 0
c) C y = 6.00 lb
PROBLEM 4.111
The 10-kg square plate shown is supported by three vertical wires.
Determine (a) the tension in each wire when a = 100 mm, (b) the value
of a for which tensions in the three wires are equal.
SOLUTION
First note ( )
W = mg = (10 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 98.1 N
(a) (a) From f.b.d. of plate
ΣFy = 0: TA + TB + TC − W = 0
∴ TA + TB + TC = 98.1 N (1)
ΣM x = 0: W (150 mm ) − TB( 300 mm ) − TC (100 mm ) = 0
∴ 6TB + 2TC = 294.3 (2)
ΣM z = 0: TB(100 mm ) + TC ( 300 mm ) − ( 98.1 N )(150 mm ) = 0
∴ − 6TB − 18TC = −882.9 (3)
Equation (2) + Equation (3)
−16TC = −588.6
∴ TC = 36.788 N
or TC = 36.8 N W
Substitution into Equation (2)
6TB + 2 ( 36.788 N ) = 294.3 N
∴ TB = 36.788 N or TB = 36.8 N W
From Equation (1)
TA + 36.788 + 36.788 = 98.1 N
∴ TA = 24.525 N or TA = 24.5 N W
(b) (b) From f.b.d. of plate
ΣFy = 0: 3T − W = 0
1
∴ T = W (1)
3
ΣM x = 0: W (150 mm ) − T ( a ) − T ( 300 mm ) = 0
150W
∴ T = (2)
a + 300
Equating Equation (1) to Equation (2)
1 150W
W =
3 a + 300
or a + 300 = 3 (150 )
or a = 150.0 mm W
PROBLEM 4.112
The 3-m flagpole AC forms an angle of 30o with the z axis. It is held by
a ball-and-socket joint at C and by two thin braces BD and BE. Knowing
that the distance BC is 0.9 m, determine the tension in each brace and the
reaction at C.
SOLUTION
TBE can be found from ΣM about line CE

From f.b.d. of flagpole
( )
ΣM CE = 0: λ CE ⋅ rB/C × TBD + λ CE ⋅ ( rA/C × FA ) = 0
( 0.9 m ) i + ( 0.9 m ) j 1
where λ CE = = ( i + j)
( 0.9 )2 + ( 0.9 )2 m 2
rB/C = ( 0.9 m ) sin 30° j + ( 0.9 m ) cos 30°  k
= ( 0.45 m ) j + ( 0.77942 m ) k
 − ( 0.9 m ) i + 0.9 m − ( 0.9 m ) sin 30°  j − ( 0.9 m ) cos 30° k 

TBD = λ BDTBD =      T
2 2 2
 BD
 ( 0.9 ) + ( 0.45 ) + ( 0.77942 ) m 
T
=  − ( 0.9 m ) i + ( 0.45 m ) j − ( 0.77942 m ) k  BD
1.62
= ( −0.70711i + 0.35355 j − 0.61237k ) TBD
rA/C = ( 3 m ) sin 30° j + ( 3 m ) cos30°k = (1.5 m ) j + ( 2.5981 m ) k
FA = − ( 300 N ) j
1 1 0 1 1 0
 TBD   1 
∴ 0 0.45 0.77942   + 0 1.5 2.5981  =0
 2  2
−0.70711 0.35355 −0.61237 0 −300 0
or −1.10227TBD + 779.43 = 0
∴ TBD = 707.12 N or TBD = 707 N W
Based on symmetry with yz-plane, TBE = TBD = 707.12 N or TBE = 707 N W

The reaction forces at C are found from ΣF = 0
ΣFx = 0: − (TBD ) x + (TBE ) x + C x = 0 or Cx = 0
ΣFy = 0: (TBD ) y + (TBE ) y + C y − 300 N = 0

C y = 300 N − 2 ( 0.35355)( 707.12 N )
∴ C y = −200.00 N
ΣFz = 0: Cz − (TBD ) z − (TBE ) z = 0
Cz = 2 ( 0.61237 )( 707.12 N )
∴ C z = 866.04 N
or C = − ( 200 N ) j + ( 866 N ) k W
PROBLEM 4.113
A 3-m boom is acted upon by the 4-kN force shown. Determine the
tension in each cable and the reaction at the ball-and-socket joint at A.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d. of boom
( ) (
ΣM AE = 0: λ AE ⋅ rB/ A × TBD + λ AE ⋅ rC/ A × FC = 0 )
where λ AE =
( 2.1 m ) j − (1.8 m ) k
( 2.1)2 + (1.8)2 m
= 0.27451j − 0.23529k
rB/ A = (1.8 m ) i
TBD = λ BDTBD =
( −1.8 m ) i + ( 2.1 m ) j + (1.8 m ) k T
BD
(1.8)2 + ( 2.1)2 + (1.8)2 m
= ( −0.54545i + 0.63636 j + 0.54545k ) TBD
rC/ A = ( 3.0 m ) i
FC = − ( 4 kN ) j
0 0.27451 −0.23529 0 0.27451 −0.23529

∴ 1.8 0 0 TBD + 3 0 0 =0
−0.54545 0.63636 0.54545 0 −4 0
( −0.149731 − 0.149729 )1.8TBD + 2.82348 = 0

∴ TBD = 5.2381 kN or TBD = 5.24 kN W
Based on symmetry, TBE = TBD = 5.2381 kN or TBE = 5.24 kN W
ΣFz = 0: Az + (TBD ) z − (TBE ) z = 0 Az = 0
ΣFy = 0: Ay + (TBD ) y + (TBD ) y − 4 kN = 0
Ay + 2 ( 0.63636 )( 5.2381 kN ) − 4 kN = 0
∴ Ay = −2.6666 kN
ΣFx = 0: Ax − (TBD ) x − (TBE ) x = 0
Ax − 2 ( 0.54545 )( 5.2381 kN ) = 0
∴ Ax = 5.7142 kN
and A = ( 5.71 N ) i − ( 2.67 N ) j W

PROBLEM 4.114
An 8-ft-long boom is held by a ball-and-socket joint at C and by two
cables AD and BE. Determine the tension in each cable and the reaction
at C.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d. of boom
( )
ΣM CE = 0: λ CE ⋅ rA/C × TAD + λ CE ⋅ rA/C × FA = 0 ( )
( 2 ft ) j − ( 3 ft ) k 1
where λ CE = = ( 2 j − 3k )
( 2 )2 + ( 3)2 ft 13
rA/C = ( 8 ft ) i
− ( 8 ft ) i + (1 ft ) j + ( 4 ft ) k
TAD = λ ADTAD = TAD
(8) + (1) + ( 4 ) ft
2 2 2
1
=   TAD ( −8i + j + 4k )
9
FA = − (198 lb ) j
0 2 −3 0 2 −3
 TAD   198 
∴ 8 0 0  + 8 0 0  =0
 9 13   13 
−8 1 4 0 −1 0
TAD 198
( −64 − 24 ) + ( 24 ) =0
9 13 13
∴ TAD = 486.00 lb
or TAD = 486 lb W
( )
ΣM CD = 0: λ CD ⋅ rB/C × TBE + λ CD ⋅ rA/C × FA ( )
(1 ft ) j + ( 4 ft ) k 1
where λ CD = = (1j + 4k )
17 ft 17
rB/C = ( 6 ft ) i
− ( 6 ft ) i + ( 2 ft ) j − ( 3 ft ) k 1
TBE = λ BETBE = TBE =   TBE ( −6i + 2 j − 3k )
(6) 2
+ ( 2 ) + ( 3) ft
2 2 7
0 1 4 0 1 4
TBE 198
∴ 6 0 0 + 8 0 0 =0
7 17 17
−6 2 −3 0 −1 0
TBE
(18 + 48) + ( −32 )198 = 0
7
∴ TBE = 672.00 lb
or TBE = 672 lb W
ΣFx = 0: C x − (TAD ) x − (TBE ) x = 0
8 6
Cx −   486 −   672 = 0
9
  7
∴ C x = 1008 lb
ΣFy = 0: C y + (TAD ) y + (TBE ) y − 198 lb = 0
1 2
C y +   486 +   672 − 198 lb = 0
9 7
∴ C y = −48.0 lb
ΣFz = 0: Cz + (TAD ) z − (TBE ) z = 0
4 3
Cz +   486 −   ( 672 ) = 0
9
  7
∴ Cz = 72.0 lb
or C = (1008 lb ) i − ( 48.0 lb ) j + ( 72.0 lb ) k W

PROBLEM 4.115
Solve Problem 4.114 assuming that the given 198-lb load is replaced
with two 99-lb loads applied at A and B.
P4.114 An 8-ft-long boom is held by a ball-and-socket joint at C and by
two cables AD and BE. Determine the tension in each cable and the
reaction at C.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d. of boom
( ) ( )
ΣM CE = 0: λ CE ⋅ rA/C × TAD + λ CE ⋅ rA/C × FA + λ CE ⋅ rB/C × FB = 0 ( )
( 2 ft ) j − ( 3 ft ) k 1
where λ CE = = ( 2 j − 3k )
( 2 )2 + ( 3)2 ft 13
rA/C = ( 8 ft ) i
rB/C = ( 6 ft ) i
− ( 8 ft ) i + (1 ft ) j + ( 4 ft ) k
TAD = λ ADTAD = TAD
(8) + (1) + ( 4 ) ft
2 2 2
1
=   TAD ( −8i + j + 4k )
9
FA = − ( 99 lb ) j
FB = − ( 99 lb ) j
0 2 −3 0 2 −3 0 2 −3
TAD 99 99
∴ 8 0 0 + 8 0 0 + 6 0 0 =0
9 13 13 13
−8 1 4 0 −1 0 0 −1 0
TAD 99
( −64 − 24 ) + ( 24 + 18 ) =0
9 13 13
or TAD = 425.25 lb
or TAD = 425 lb W
( ) ( )
ΣM CD = 0: λ CD ⋅ rB/C × TBE + λ CD ⋅ rA/C × FA + λ CD ⋅ rB/C × FB = 0 ( )
(1 ft ) j + ( 4 ft ) k 1
where λ CD = = ( j + 4k )
17 17
rB/C = ( 6 ft ) i
rA/C = ( 8 ft ) j
− ( 6 ft ) i + ( 2 ft ) j − ( 3 ft ) k TBE
TBE = λ BETBE = TBE = ( −6i + 2 j − 3k )
(6) 2
+ ( 2 ) + ( 3) ft
2 2 7
0 1 4 0 1 4 0 1 4
 TBE   99   99 
∴ 6 0 0  + 8 0 0 + 6 0 0 =0
 7 17   17   17 
−6 2 −3 0 −1 0 0 −1 0
(18 + 48) 
TBE   99 
 + ( −32 − 24 )  =0
 7 17   17 
or TBE = 588.00 lb
or TBE = 588 lb W
ΣFx = 0: C x − (TAD ) x − (TBE ) x = 0
8 6
Cx −   425.25 −   588.00 = 0
9 7
∴ C x = 882 lb
ΣFy = 0: C y + (TAD ) y + (TBE ) y − 99 − 99 = 0
1 2
C y +   425.25 +   588.00 − 198 = 0
9
  7
∴ C y = −17.25 lb
ΣFz = 0: Cz + (TAD ) z − (TBE ) z = 0
4 3
Cz +   425.25 −   588.00 = 0
9 7
∴ Cz = 63.0 lb
or C = ( 882 lb ) i − (17.25 lb ) j + ( 63.0 lb ) k W

PROBLEM 4.116
The 18-ft pole ABC is acted upon by a 210-lb force as shown. The pole is
held by a ball-and-socket joint at A and by two cables BD and BE. For
a = 9 ft, determine the tension in each cable and the reaction at A.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d. of pole ABC
( )
ΣM AE = 0: λ AE ⋅ rB/ A × TBD + λ AE ⋅ rC/ A × FC = 0 ( )
( 4.5 ft ) i + ( 9 ft ) k 1
where λ AE = = ( 4.5i + 9k )
( 4.5 )2 + ( 9 )2 ft 101.25
rB/ A = ( 9 ft ) j
rC/ A = (18 ft ) j
TBD = λ BDTBD =
( 4.5 ft ) i − ( 9 ft ) j − ( 9 ft ) k T
BD
( 4.5)2 + ( 9 )2 + ( 9 )2 ft
T 
=  BD  ( 4.5i − 9 j − 9k )
 13.5 
−9i − 18 j + 6k
FC = λ CF ( 210 lb ) = ( 210 lb ) = 10 lb ( −9i − 18j + 6k )
( 9 )2 + (18)2 + ( 6 )2
4.5 0 9 4.5 0 9
 TBD   10 lb 
∴ 0 9 0   + 0 18 0  =0
 13.5 101.25   101.25 
4.5 −9 −9 −9 −18 6
( −364.5 − 364.5) T +
( 486 + 1458) (10 lb ) = 0
BD
13.5 101.25 101.25
and TBD = 360.00 lb
or TBD = 360 lb
( )
ΣM AD = 0: λ AD ⋅ rB/ A × TBE + λ AD ⋅ rC/ A × FC = 0 ( )
( 4.5 ft ) i − ( 9 ft ) k 1
where λ AD = = ( 4.5i − 9k )
( 4.5 )2 + ( 9 )2 ft 101.25
rB/ A = ( 9 ft ) j
rC/ A = (18 ft ) j
( 4.5 ft ) i − ( 9 ft ) j + ( 9 ft ) k T TBE
TBE = λ BETBE = BE = ( 4.5i − 9 j + 9k )
2 2
( 4.5 ) + ( 9 ) + ( 9 ) ft 2 13.5
4.5 0 −9 4.5 0 −9
 TBE   10 lb 
∴ 0 9 0   + 0 18 0  =0
 13.5 101.25   101.25 
4.5 −9 9 −9 −18 6
( 364.5 + 364.5) T +
( 486 − 1458)10 lb =0
BE
13.5 101.25 101.25
or TBE = 180.0 lb
or TBE = 180.0 lb
ΣFx = 0: Ax + (TBD ) x + (TBE ) x − ( FC ) x = 0
 4.5   4.5   9 
Ax +   360 +  180 −   210 = 0
 13.5   13.5   21 
∴ Ax = −90.0 lb
ΣFy = 0: Ay − (TBD ) y − (TBE ) y − ( FC ) y = 0
 9   9   18 
Ay −   360 −  180 −   210 = 0
 13.5   13.5   21 
∴ Ay = 540 lb
ΣFz = 0: Az − (TBD ) z + (TBE ) z + ( FC ) z = 0
 9   9   6 
Az −   360 +  180 +   210 = 0
 13.5   13.5   21 
∴ Az = 60.0 lb
or A = − ( 90.0 lb ) i + ( 540 lb ) j + ( 60.0 lb ) k

PROBLEM 4.117
Solve Problem 4.116 for a = 4.5 ft.
P4.116 The 18-ft pole ABC is acted upon by a 210-lb force as shown. The
pole is held by a ball-and-socket joint at A and by two cables BD and BE.
For a = 9 ft, determine the tension in each cable and the reaction at A.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d. of pole ABC
( ) (
ΣM AE = 0 : λ AE ⋅ rB/ A × TBD + λ AE ⋅ rC/ A × FC = 0 )
( 4.5 ft ) i + ( 9 ft ) k 1
where λ AE = = ( 4.5i + 9k )
( 4.5 )2 + ( 9 )2 ft 101.25
rB/ A = ( 9 ft ) j
rC/ A = (18 ft ) j
TBD = λ BDTBD =
( 4.5 ft ) i − ( 9 ft ) j − ( 9 ft ) k T
BD
( 4.5)2 + ( 9 )2 + ( 9 )2 ft
T 
=  BD  ( 4.5i − 9 j − 9k )
 13.5 
−4.5i − 18 j + 6k
FC = λ CF ( 210 lb ) = ( 210 lb )
( 4.5)2 + (18)2 + ( 6 )2
 210 lb 
=  ( −4.5i − 18 j + 6k )
 19.5 
4.5 0 9 4.5 0 9
 TBD   210 lb 
∴ 0 9 0  + 0 18 0  =0
 13.5 101.25   19.5 101.25 
4.5 −9 −9 −4.5 −18 6
( −364.5 − 364.5) T ( 486 + 729 )

BD + ( 210 lb ) = 0
13.5 101.25 19.5 101.25
or TBD = 242.31 lb or TBD = 242 lb
( )
ΣM AD = 0: λ AD ⋅ rB/ A × TBE + λ AD ⋅ rC/ A × FC = 0 ( )
( 4.5 ft ) i − ( 9 ft ) k 1
where λ AD = = ( 4.5i − 9k ) ,
( 4.5 )2 + ( 9 )2 ft 101.25
rB/ A = ( 9 ft ) j
rC/ A = (18 ft ) j
( 4.5 ft ) i − ( 9 ft ) j + ( 9 ft ) k T TBE
TBE = λ BETBE = BE = ( 4.5i − 9 j + 9k )
2 2
( 4.5 ) + ( 9 ) + ( 9 ) ft 2 13.5
4.5 0 −9 4.5 0 −9
 TBE   210 lb 
∴ 0 9 0  + 0 18 0  =0
 13.5 101.25   19.5 101.25 
4.5 −9 9 −4.5 −18 6
( 364.5 + 364.5 ) T +
( 486 − 729 )( 210 lb ) =0
BE
13.5 101.25 19.5 101.25
or TBE = 48.462 lb
or TBE = 48.5 lb
ΣFx = 0: Ax + (TBD ) x + (TBE ) x − ( FC ) x = 0
 4.5   4.5   4.5 

Ax +   242.31 +   48.462 −   210 = 0
 13.5   13.5   19.5 
∴ Ax = −48.459 lb
ΣFy = 0: Ay − (TBD ) y − (TBE ) y − ( FC ) y = 0
 9   9   18 
Ay −   242.31 −   48.462 −   210 =
 13.5   13.5   19.5 
∴ Ay = 387.69 lb
ΣFz = 0: Az − (TBD ) z + (TBE ) z + ( FC ) z = 0
 9   9   6 
Az −   242.31 +   48.462 +  2
 13.5   13.5   19.5 
∴ Az = 64.591 lb
or A = − ( 48.5 lb ) i + ( 388 lb ) j + ( 64.6 lb ) k

PROBLEM 4.118
Two steel pipes ABCD and EBF are welded together at B to form the
boom shown. The boom is held by a ball-and-socket joint at D and by
two cables EG and ICFH; cable ICFH passes around frictionless pulleys
at C and F. For the loading shown, determine the tension in each cable
and the reaction at D.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d. of boom
( ) (
ΣM z = 0: k ⋅ rC/D × TCI + k ⋅ rA/D × FA = 0 )
where rC/D = (1.8 m ) i
− (1.8 m ) i + (1.12 m ) j
TCI = λ CI TCI = TCI
(1.8) + (1.12 ) m
2 2
 T 
=  CI  ( −1.8i + 1.12 j)
 2.12 
rA/D = ( 3.5 m ) i
FA = − ( 560 N ) j
0 0 1 0 0 1
 TCI 
∴ ΣM z = 1.8 0 0  + 3.5 0 0 ( 560 N ) = 0
 2.12 
−1.8 1.12 0 0 −1 0
TCI
( 2.016 ) + ( −3.5 ) 560 = 0
2.12
or TCI = TFH = 2061.1 N
TICFH = 2.06 kN
( )
ΣM y = 0: j ⋅ rG/D × TEG + j ⋅ rH /D × TFH = 0 ( )
where rG/D = ( 3.4 m ) k
rH /D = − ( 2.5 m ) k
− ( 3.0 m ) i + ( 3.15 m ) k T 
TEG = TEG =  EG  ( −3i + 3.15k )
( 3)2 + ( 3.15)2 m  4.35 
− ( 3.0 m ) i − ( 2.25 m ) k 2061.1 N

TFH = λ FH TFH = ( 2061.1 N ) = ( −3i − 2.25k )
( 3) 2
+ ( 2.25 ) m
2 3.75
0 1 0 0 1 0
 TEG   2061.1 N 
∴ 0 0 3.4   + 0 0 −2.5  =0
 4.35   3.75 
−3 0 3.15 −3 0 −2.25
TEG 2061.1 N
− (10.2 ) + ( 7.5 ) =0
4.35 3.75
or TEG = 1758.00 N
TEG = 1.758 kN
ΣFx = 0: Dx − (TCI ) x − (TFH ) x − (TEG ) x = 0
 1.8  (  3.0  (  3 (
Dx −   2061.1 N ) −   2061.1 N ) −   1758 N ) = 0
 2.12   3.75   4.35 
∴ Dx = 4611.3 N
ΣFy = 0: Dy + (TCI ) y − 560 N = 0
 1.12  (
Dy +   2061.1 N ) − 560 N = 0
 2.12 
∴ D y = −528.88 N
ΣFz = 0: Dz + (TEG ) z − (TFH ) z = 0
 3.15  (  2.25  (
Dz +   1758 N ) −   2061.1 N ) = 0
 4.35   3.75 
∴ Dz = −36.374 N
and D = ( 4610 N ) i − ( 529 N ) j − ( 36.4 N ) k

PROBLEM 4.119
Solve Problem 4.118 assuming that the 560-N load is applied at B.
P4.118 Two steel pipes ABCD and EBF are welded together at B to form
the boom shown. The boom is held by a ball-and-socket joint at D and by
two cables EG and ICFH; cable ICFH passes around frictionless pulleys
at C and F. For the loading shown, determine the tension in each cable
and the reaction at D.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d. of boom
( ) (
ΣM z = 0: k ⋅ rC/D × TCI + k ⋅ rB/D × FB = 0 )
where rC/D = (1.8 m ) i
− (1.8 m ) i + (1.12 m ) j
TCI = λ CI TCI = TCI
(1.8)2 + (1.12 )2 m
 T 
=  CI  ( −1.8i + 1.12 j)
 2.12 
rB/D = ( 3.0 m ) i
FB = − ( 560 N ) j
0 0 1 0 0 1
 TCI 
∴ 1.8 0 0  + 3 0 0 ( 560 N ) = 0
 2.12 
−1.8 1.12 0 0 −1 0
TCI
( 2.016 ) + ( −3) 560 = 0
2.12
or TCI = TFH = 1766.67 N
TICFH = 1.767 kN
( )
ΣM y = 0: j ⋅ rG/D × TEG + j ⋅ rH /D × TFH = 0( )
where rG/D = ( 3.4 m ) k
rH /D = − ( 2.5 m ) k
− ( 3.0 m ) i + ( 3.15 m ) k TEG

TEG = λ EGTEG = TEG = ( −3i + 3.15k )
( 3)2 + ( 3.15)2 m 4.35
− ( 3.0 m ) i − ( 2.25 m ) k 1766.67 N

TFH = λ FH TFH = TFH = ( −3i − 2.25k )
( 3) 2
+ ( 2.25 ) m
2 3.75
0 1 0 0 1 0
 TEG   1766.67 
∴ 0 0 3.4   + 0 0 −2.5  =0
 4.35   3.75 
−3 0 3.15 −3 0 −2.25
TEG 1766.67
− (10.2 ) + ( 7.5 ) =0
4.35 3.75
or TEG = 1506.86 N
TEG = 1.507 kN
ΣFx = 0: Dx − (TCI ) x − (TFH ) x − (TEG ) x = 0
 1.8  (  3 (  3 (
Dx −   1766.67 N ) −   1766.67 N ) −   1506.86 N ) = 0
 2.12   3.75   4.35 
∴ Dx = 3952.5 N
ΣFy = 0: Dy + (TCI ) y − 560 N = 0
 1.12  (
Dy +   1766.67 N ) − 560 N = 0
 2.12 
∴ D y = −373.34 N
ΣFz = 0: Dz + (TEG ) z − (TFH ) z = 0
 3.15  (  2.25  (
Dz +   1506.86 N ) −   1766.67 N ) = 0
 4.35   3.75 
∴ Dz = −31.172 N
D = ( 3950 N ) i − ( 373 N ) j − ( 31.2 N ) k

PROBLEM 4.120
The lever AB is welded to the bent rod BCD which is supported by
bearings at E and F and by cable DG. Knowing that the bearing at E does
not exert any axial thrust, determine (a) the tension in cable DG, (b) the
reactions at E and F.
SOLUTION

 − ( 0.12 m ) j − ( 0.225 m ) k  TDG
TDG = λ DGTDG = 
2 2  = 0.255  − ( 0.12 ) j − ( 0.225 ) k 
 ( 0.12 ) + ( 0.225 ) m 
  0.225  
ΣM y = 0: − ( 220 N )( 0.24 m ) + TDG    ( 0.16 m ) = 0
  0.255  
∴ TDG = 374.00 N
or TDG = 374 N
(b) From f.b.d. of assembly
 0.120  
ΣM F ( z -axis ) = 0: ( 220 N )( 0.19 m ) − Ex ( 0.13 m ) − 374 N    ( 0.16 m ) = 0
  0.255  
∴ Ex = 104.923 N
ΣFx = 0: Fx + 104.923 N − 220 N = 0
∴ Fx = 115.077 N
  0.225  
ΣM F ( x-axis ) = 0: Ez ( 0.13 m ) + 374 N    ( 0.06 m ) = 0
  0.255  
∴ Ez = −152.308 N
 0.225 
ΣFz = 0: Fz − 152.308 N − ( 374 N )  =0
 0.255 
∴ Fz = 482.31 N
 0.12 
ΣFy = 0: Fy − ( 374 N )  =0
 0.255 
∴ Fy = 176.0 N
E = (104.9 N ) i − (152.3 N ) k
F = (115.1 N ) i + (176.0 N ) j + ( 482 N ) k

PROBLEM 4.121
A 30-kg cover for a roof opening is hinged at corners A and B. The roof
forms an angle of 30o with the horizontal, and the cover is maintained in
a horizontal position by the brace CE. Determine (a) the magnitude of the
force exerted by the brace, (b) the reactions at the hinges. Assume that the
hinge at A does not exert any axial thrust.
SOLUTION
First note ( )
W = mg = ( 30 kg ) 9.81 m/s2 = 294.3 N
FEC = λ EC FEC = ( sin15° ) i + ( cos15° ) j FEC
From f.b.d. of cover

(a) ΣM z = 0: ( FEC cos15° ) (1.0 m ) − W ( 0.5 m ) = 0
or FEC cos15° (1.0 m ) − ( 294.3 N )( 0.5 m ) = 0
∴ FEC = 152.341 N or FEC = 152.3 N
(b) ΣM x = 0: W ( 0.4 m ) − Ay ( 0.8 m ) − ( FEC cos15° ) ( 0.8 m ) = 0
or ( 294.3 N )( 0.4 m ) − Ay ( 0.8 m ) − (152.341 N ) cos15° ( 0.8 m ) = 0

∴ Ay = 0
ΣM y = 0: Ax ( 0.8 m ) + ( FEC sin15° ) ( 0.8 m ) = 0
or Ax ( 0.8 m ) + (152.341 N ) sin15° ( 0.8 m ) = 0
∴ Ax = −39.429 N
ΣFx = 0: Ax + Bx + FEC sin15° = 0
−39.429 N + Bx + (152.341 N ) sin15° = 0
∴ Bx = 0
ΣFy = 0: FEC cos15° − W + By = 0
or (152.341 N ) cos15° − 294.3 N + By =0
∴ By = 147.180 N
or A = − ( 39.4 N ) i
B = (147.2 N ) j
PROBLEM 4.122
The rectangular plate shown has a mass of 15 kg and is held in the
position shown by hinges A and B and cable EF. Assuming that the hinge
at B does not exert any axial thrust, determine (a) the tension in the cable,
(b) the reactions at A and B.
SOLUTION
First note ( )
W = mg = (15 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 147.15 N
 ( 0.08 m ) i + ( 0.25 m ) j − ( 0.2 m ) k  TEF

TEF = λ EFTEF = 
2 2 2  TEF = 0.33 ( 0.08i + 0.25j − 0.2k )
 ( 0.08 ) + ( 0.25) + ( 0.2 ) m 
From f.b.d. of rectangular plate
ΣM x = 0: (147.15 N )( 0.1 m ) − (TEF ) y ( 0.2 m ) = 0
 0.25  
or 14.715 N ⋅ m −   TEF  ( 0.2 m ) = 0
 0.33  
or TEF = 97.119 N
or TEF = 97.1 N
ΣFx = 0: Ax + (TEF ) x = 0
 0.08 
Ax +   ( 97.119 N ) = 0
 0.33 
∴ Ax = −23.544 N
ΣM B( z -axis ) = 0: − Ay ( 0.3 m ) − (TEF ) y ( 0.04 m ) + W ( 0.15 m ) = 0
 0.25  
or − Ay ( 0.3 m ) −   97.119 N  ( 0.04 m ) + 147.15 N ( 0.15 m ) = 0
 0.33  
∴ Ay = 63.765 N
ΣM B( y -axis ) = 0: Az ( 0.3 m ) + (TEF ) x ( 0.2 m ) + (TEF ) z ( 0.04 m ) = 0
 0.08    0.2  
Az ( 0.3 m ) +   TEF  ( 0.2 m ) −   TEF  ( 0.04 m ) = 0
 0.33    0.33  
∴ Az = −7.848 N
and A = − ( 23.5 N ) i + ( 63.8 N ) j − ( 7.85 N ) k
ΣFy = 0: Ay − W + (TEF ) y + By = 0
 0.25 
63.765 N − 147.15 N +   ( 97.119 N ) + By = 0
 0.33 
∴ By = 9.81 N
ΣFz = 0: Az − (TEF ) z + Bz = 0
 0.2 
−7.848 N −   ( 97.119 N ) + Bz = 0
 0.33 
∴ Bz = 66.708 N
and B = ( 9.81 N ) j + ( 66.7 N ) k

PROBLEM 4.123
Solve Problem 4.122 assuming that cable EF is replaced by a cable
attached at points E and H.
P4.122 The rectangular plate shown has a mass of 15 kg and is held in
the position shown by hinges A and B and cable EF. Assuming that the
hinge at B does not exert any axial thrust, determine (a) the tension in the
cable, (b) the reactions at A and B.
SOLUTION
First note ( )
W = mg = (15 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 147.15 N
 
 − ( 0.3 m ) i + ( 0.12 m ) j − ( 0.2 m ) k  T
TEH = λ EH TEH = T = EH  − ( 0.3) i + ( 0.12 ) j − ( 0.2 ) k 
  EH 0.38
 ( 0.3) + ( 0.12 ) + ( 0.2 ) m 
2 2 2
From f.b.d. of rectangular plate

ΣM x = 0: (147.15 N )( 0.1 m ) − (TEH ) y ( 0.2 m ) = 0
 0.12  
or (147.15 N )( 0.1 m ) −   TEH  ( 0.2 m ) = 0
 0.38  
or TEH = 232.99 N
or TEH = 233 N
ΣFx = 0: Ax + (TEH ) x = 0
 0.3 
Ax −   ( 232.99 N ) = 0
 0.38 
∴ Ax = 183.938 N
ΣM B( z -axis ) = 0: − Ay ( 0.3 m ) − (TEH ) y ( 0.04 m ) + W ( 0.15 m ) = 0
 0.12
or − Ay ( 0.3 m ) −  ( 232.99 N ) ( 0.04 m ) + (147.15 N )( 0.15 m ) = 0
 0.38 
∴ Ay = 63.765 N
ΣM B( y -axis ) = 0: Az ( 0.3 m ) + (TEH ) x ( 0.2 m ) + (TEH ) z ( 0.04 m ) = 0
 0.3    0.2  
or Az ( 0.3 m ) −   ( 232.99 N )  ( 0.2 m ) −   ( 232.99 )  ( 0.04 m ) = 0
 0.38    0.38  
∴ Az = 138.976 N
and A = (183.9 N ) i + ( 63.8 N ) j + (139.0 N ) k
ΣFy = 0: Ay + By − W + (TEH ) y = 0
 0.12 
63.765 N + By − 147.15 N +   ( 232.99 N ) = 0
 0.38 
∴ By = 9.8092 N
ΣFz = 0: Az + Bz − (TEH ) z = 0
 0.2 
138.976 N + Bz −   ( 232.99 N ) = 0
 0.38 
∴ Bz = −16.3497 N
and B = ( 9.81 N ) j − (16.35 N ) k

PROBLEM 4.124
A small door weighing 16 lb is attached by hinges A and B to a wall and
is held in the horizontal position shown by rope EFH. The rope passes
around a small, frictionless pulley at F and is tied to a fixed cleat at H.
Assuming that the hinge at A does not exert any axial thrust, determine
(a) the tension in the rope, (b) the reactions at A and B.
SOLUTION
First note T = λ EFT =

(12 in.) i + ( 54 in.) j − ( 28 in.) k T
(12 )2 + ( 54 )2 + ( 28)2 in.
T T
= (12i + 54 j − 28k ) = ( 6i + 27 j − 14k )
62 31
W = − (16 lb ) j at G
From f.b.d. of door ABCD

(a) ΣM x = 0: Ty ( 28 in.) − W (14 in.) = 0
  27  
T  31   ( 28 in.) − (16 lb )(14 in.) = 0
  
∴ T = 9.1852 lb
or T = 9.19 lb
(b) ΣM B( z -axis ) = 0: − Ay ( 30 in.) + W (15 in.) − Ty ( 4 in.) = 0
  27  
− Ay ( 30 in.) + (16 lb )(15 in.) − ( 9.1852 lb )    ( 4 in.) = 0
  31  
∴ Ay = 6.9333 lb
ΣM B( y -axis ) = 0: Az ( 30 in.) + Tx ( 28 in.) − Tz ( 4 in.) = 0
  6    14  
Az ( 30 in.) + ( 9.1852 lb )    ( 28 in.) − ( 9.1852 lb )    ( 4 in.) = 0
  31     31  
∴ Az = −1.10617 lb
or A = ( 6.93 lb ) j − (1.106 lb ) k
 6
ΣFx = 0: Bx + Tx = Bx + ( 9.1852 lb )   = 0
 31 
∴ Bx = −1.77778 lb
ΣFy = 0: By + Ty − W + Ay = 0
 27 
By + ( 9.1852 lb )   − 16 lb + 6.9333 lb = 0
 31 
∴ By = 1.06666 lb
ΣFz = 0: Az − Tz + Bz = 0
 14 
−1.10617 lb − ( 9.1852 lb )   + Bz = 0
 31 
∴ Bz = 5.2543 lb
or B = − (1.778 lb ) i + (1.067 lb ) j + ( 5.25 lb ) k

PROBLEM 4.125
Solve Problem 4.124 assuming that the rope is attached to the door at I.
P4.124 A small door weighing 16 lb is attached by hinges A and B to a
wall and is held in the horizontal position shown by rope EFH. The rope
passes around a small, frictionless pulley at F and is tied to a fixed cleat
at H. Assuming that the hinge at A does not exert any axial thrust,
determine (a) the tension in the rope, (b) the reactions at A and B.
SOLUTION
First note T = λ IF T =
( 3 in.) i + ( 54 in.) j − (10 in.) k T
( 3)2 + ( 54 )2 + (10 )2 in.
T
= ( 3i + 54 j − 10k )
55
W = − (16 lb ) j
From f.b.d. of door ABCD

(a) ΣM x = 0: W (14 in.) − Ty (10 in.) = 0
(16 lb )(14 in.) − 

54 
 T (10 in.) = 0
 55 
∴ T = 22.815 lb
or T = 22.8 lb
(b) ΣM B( z -axis ) = 0: − Ay ( 30 in.) + W (15 in.) + Ty ( 5 in.) = 0
 54 
− Ay ( 30 in.) + (16 lb )(15 in.) + ( 22.815 lb )   ( 5 in.) = 0
 55 
∴ Ay = 11.7334 lb
ΣM B( y -axis ) = 0: Az ( 30 in.) + Tx (10 in.) + Tz ( 5 in.) = 0
  3    10  
Az ( 30 in.) + ( 22.815 lb )    (10 in.) + ( 22.815 lb )    ( 5 in.) = 0
  55     55  
∴ Az = −1.10618 lb
or A = (11.73 lb ) j − (1.106 lb ) k
ΣFx = 0: Bx + Tx = 0
 3 
Bx +   ( 22.815 lb ) = 0
 55 
∴ Bx = −1.24444 lb
ΣFy = 0: Ay − W + Ty + By = 0
 54 
11.7334 lb − 16 lb + ( 22.815 lb )   + By = 0
 55 
∴ By = −18.1336 lb
ΣFz = 0: Az − Tz + Bz = 0
 10 
−1.10618 lb − ( 22.815 lb )   + Bz = 0
 55 
∴ Bz = 5.2544 lb
or B = − (1.244 lb ) i − (18.13 lb ) j + ( 5.25 lb ) k

PROBLEM 4.126
A 285-lb uniform rectangular plate is supported in the position shown by
hinges A and B and by cable DCE, which passes over a frictionless hook
at C. Assuming that the tension is the same in both parts of the cable,
determine (a) the tension in the cable, (b) the reactions at A and B.
Assume that the hinge at B does not exert any axial thrust.
SOLUTION
− ( 23 in.) i + ( 22.5 in.) j − (15 in.) k

First note λ CD =
35.5 in.
1
= ( −23i + 22.5 j − 15k )
35.5
λ CE =
( 9 in.) i + ( 22.5 in.) j − (15 in.) k
28.5 in.
1
= ( 9i + 22.5 j − 15k )
28.5
W = − ( 285 lb ) j

 22.5    22.5  
(a) ΣM x = 0: ( 285 lb )( 7.5 in.) −   T  (15 in.) −   T  (15 in.) = 0
 35.5    28.5  
∴ T = 100.121 lb
or T = 100.1 lb
 23   9 
(b) ΣFx = 0: Ax − T   +T =0
 35.5   28.5 
 23  (  9 
Ax − (100.121 lb )   + 100.121 lb )  =0
 35.5   28.5 
∴ Ax = 33.250 lb
  22.5     22.5  
ΣM B( z -axis ) = 0: − Ay ( 26 in.) + W (13 in.) − T    ( 6 in.) − T  28.5   ( 6 in.) = 0
  35.5     
  22.5  
or − Ay ( 26 in.) + ( 285 lb )(13 in.) − (100.121 lb )    ( 6 in.)
  35.5  
  22.5  
− (100.121 lb )    ( 6 in.) = 0
  28.5  
∴ Ay = 109.615 lb
  15     23  
ΣM B( y -axis ) = 0: Az ( 26 in.) − T    ( 6 in.) − T  35.5   (15 in.)
  35.5     
  15     9 
− T    ( 6 in.) + T  28.5   (15 in.) = 0
  28.5     
 −1
( 90 − 135) (100.121 lb ) = 0
1
or Az ( 26 in.) +  ( 90 + 345) −
 35.5 28.5 
∴ Az = 41.106 lb
or A = ( 33.3 lb ) i + (109.6 lb ) j + ( 41.1 lb ) k
 22.5   22.5 
ΣFy = 0: By − W + T   +T  + Ay = 0
 35.5   28.5 
 22.5 22.5 
By − 285 lb + (100.121 lb )  +  + 109.615 lb = 0
 35.5 28.5 
∴ By = 32.885 lb
 15   15 
ΣFz = 0: Bz + Az − T   −T =0
 35.5   28.5 
 15 15 
Bz + 41.106 lb − (100.121 lb )  + =0
 35.5 28.5 
∴ Bz = 53.894 lb
or B = ( 32.9 lb ) j + ( 53.9 lb ) k
PROBLEM 4.127
Solve Problem 4.126 assuming that cable DCE is replaced by a cable
attached to point E and hook C.
P4.126 A 285-lb uniform rectangular plate is supported in the position
shown by hinges A and B and by cable DCE, which passes over a
frictionless hook at C. Assuming that the tension is the same in both parts
of the cable, determine (a) the tension in the cable, (b) the reactions at A
and B. Assume that the hinge at B does not exert any axial thrust.
SOLUTION
First note λ CE =
( 9 in.) i + ( 22.5 in.) j − (15 in.) k
28.5 in.
1
= ( 9i + 22.5 j − 15k )
28.5
W = − ( 285 lb ) j

 22.5  
(a) ΣM x = 0: ( 285 lb )( 7.5 in.) −   T  (15 in.) = 0
 28.5  
∴ T = 180.500 lb
or T = 180.5 lb
 9 
(b) ΣFx = 0: Ax + T  =0
 28.5 
 9 
Ax + 180.5 lb  =0
 28.5 
∴ Ax = −57.000 lb
  22.5  
ΣM B( z -axis ) = 0: − Ay ( 26 in.) + W (13 in.) − T    ( 6 in.) = 0
  28.5  
  22.5  
− Ay ( 26 in.) + ( 285 lb )(13 in.) − (180.5 lb )    ( 6 in.) = 0
  28.5  
∴ Ay = 109.615 lb
  15     9 
ΣM B( y -axis ) = 0: Az ( 26 in.) − T    ( 6 in.) + T  28.5   (15 in.) = 0
  28.5     
 45 
Az ( 26 in.) + (180.5 lb )  =0
 28.5 
∴ Az = −10.9615 lb
or A = − ( 57.0 lb ) i + (109.6 lb ) j − (10.96 lb ) k
 22.5 
ΣFy = 0: By − W + T   + Ay = 0
 28.5 
 22.5 
By − 285 lb + (180.5 lb )   − 109.615 lb = 0
 28.5 
∴ By = 32.885 lb
 15 
ΣFz = 0: Bz + Az − T  =0
 28.5 
 15 
Bz − 10.9615 lb − 180.5 lb  =0
 28.5 
∴ Bz = 105.962 lb
or B = ( 32.9 lb ) j + (106.0 lb ) k
PROBLEM 4.128
The tensioning mechanism of a belt drive consists of frictionless pulley
A, mounting plate B, and spring C. Attached below the mounting plate is
slider block D which is free to move in the frictionless slot of bracket E.
Knowing that the pulley and the belt lie in a horizontal plane, with
portion F of the belt parallel to the x axis and portion G forming an angle
of 30° with the x axis, determine (a) the force in the spring, (b) the
reaction at D.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d. of plate B

(a) ΣFx = 0: 12 N + (12 N ) cos 30° − T = 0
∴ T = 22.392 N or T = 22.4 N
(b) ΣFy = 0: Dy = 0
ΣFz = 0: Dz − (12 N ) sin 30° = 0
∴ Dz = 6 N or D = ( 6.00 N ) k
ΣM x = 0: M Dx − (12 N ) sin 30°  ( 22 mm ) = 0
∴ M Dx = 132.0 N ⋅ mm
ΣM D( y -axis ) = 0: M Dy + ( 22.392 N )( 30 mm ) − (12 N )( 75 mm ) − (12 N ) cos 30° ( 75 mm ) = 0
∴ M Dy = 1007.66 N ⋅ mm
ΣM D( z -axis ) = 0: M Dz + ( 22.392 N )(18 mm ) − (12 N )( 22 mm ) − (12 N ) cos 30° ( 22 mm ) = 0
∴ M Dz = 89.575 N ⋅ mm
or M D = ( 0.1320 N ⋅ m ) i + (1.008 N ⋅ m ) j + ( 0.0896 N ⋅ m ) k

PROBLEM 4.129
The assembly shown is welded to collar A which fits on the vertical pin
shown. The pin can exert couples about the x and z axes but does not
prevent motion about or along the y axis. For the loading shown,
determine the tension in each cable and the reaction at A.
SOLUTION
− ( 0.16 m ) i + ( 0.12 m ) j
First note TCF = λ CFTCF = TCF
( 0.16 ) + ( 0.12 ) m
2 2
= TCF ( −0.8i + 0.6 j)
TDE = λ DETDE =
( 0.24 m ) j − ( 0.18 m ) k T
DE
( 0.24 )2 + ( 0.18)2 m
= TDE ( 0.8j − 0.6k )

ΣFy = 0: 0.6TCF + 0.8TDE − 800 N = 0
or 0.6TCF + 0.8TDE = 800 N (1)
ΣM y = 0: − ( 0.8TCF ) ( 0.27 m ) + ( 0.6TDE )( 0.16 m ) = 0
or TDE = 2.25TCF (2)

Substituting Equation (2) into Equation (1)
0.6TCF + 0.8 ( 2.25 ) TCF  = 800 N
∴ TCF = 333.33 N or TCF = 333 N
and from Equation (2) TDE = 2.25 ( 333.33 N ) = 750.00 N or TDE = 750 N
(b) From f.b.d. of assembly

ΣFz = 0: Az − ( 0.6 )( 750.00 N ) = 0 ∴ Az = 450.00 N
ΣFx = 0: Ax − ( 0.8 )( 333.33 N ) = 0 ∴ Ax = 266.67 N
or A = ( 267 N ) i + ( 450 N ) k
ΣM x = 0: M Ax + ( 800 N )( 0.27 m ) − ( 333.33 N )( 0.6 )  ( 0.27 m ) − ( 750 N )( 0.8 )  ( 0.18 m ) = 0
∴ M Ax = −54.001 N ⋅ m
ΣM z = 0: M Az − ( 800 N )( 0.16 m ) + ( 333.33 N )( 0.6 )  ( 0.16 m ) + ( 750 N )( 0.8 )  ( 0.16 m ) = 0
∴ M Az = 0
or M A = − ( 54.0 N ⋅ m ) i
PROBLEM 4.130
The lever AB is welded to the bent rod BCD which is supported by
bearing E and by cable DG. Assuming that the bearing can exert an axial
thrust and couples about axes parallel to the x and z axes, determine
(a) the tension in cable DG, (b) the reaction at E.
SOLUTION
− ( 0.12 m ) j − ( 0.225 m ) k
First note TDG = λ DGTDG = TDG
( 0.12 ) + ( 0.225) m
2 2
TDG
= ( −0.12 j − 0.225k )
0.255
(a) From f.b.d. of weldment
 0.225  
ΣM y = 0:   TDG  ( 0.16 m ) − ( 220 N )( 0.24 m ) = 0
 0.255  
∴ TDG = 374.00 N or TDG = 374 N
(b) From f.b.d. of weldment
ΣFx = 0: Ex − 220 N = 0
∴ Ex = 220.00 N
 0.12 
ΣFy = 0: E y − ( 374.00 N )  =0
 0.255 
∴ E y = 176.000 N
 0.225 
ΣFz = 0: Ez − ( 374.00 N )  =0
 0.255 
∴ Ez = 330.00 N
or E = ( 220 N ) i + (176.0 N ) j + ( 330 N ) k
ΣM x = 0: M Ex + ( 330.00 N )( 0.19 m ) = 0
∴ M Ex = −62.700 N ⋅ m
  0.12  
ΣM z = 0: ( 220 N )( 0.06 m ) + M Ez − ( 374.00 N )    ( 0.16 m ) = 0
  0.255  
∴ M Ez = −14.9600 N ⋅ m
or M E = − ( 62.7 N ⋅ m ) i − (14.96 N ⋅ m ) k
PROBLEM 4.131
Solve Problem 4.124 assuming that the hinge at A is removed and that the
hinge at B can exert couples about the y and z axes.
P4.124 A small door weighing 16 lb is attached by hinges A and B to a
wall and is held in the horizontal position shown by rope EFH. The rope
passes around a small, frictionless pulley at F and is tied to a fixed cleat
at H. Assuming that the hinge at A does not exert any axial thrust,
determine (a) the tension in the rope, (b) the reactions at A and B.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d. of door
(a) ΣM B = 0: rG/B × W + rE/B × TEF + M B = 0
where
W = − (16 lb ) j
M B = M By j + M Bz k
TEF = λ EFTEF =
(12 in.) i + ( 54 in.) j − ( 28 in.) k T
EF
(12 )2 + ( 54 )2 + ( 28)2 in.
TEF
= ( 6i + 27 j − 14k )
31
rG/B = − (15 in.) i + (14 in.) k
rE/B = − ( 4 in.) i + ( 28 in.) k
i j k i j k
∴
T 
−15 0 14 (16 lb ) + −4 0 28  EF  + M By j + M Bz k = 0
 31 
( )
0 −1 0 6 27 −14
or ( 224 − 24.387TEF ) i + ( 3.6129TEF + M By j)

(
+ 240 − 3.4839TEF + M Bz k = 0 )
From i-coefficient 224 − 24.387TEF = 0
∴ TEF = 9.1852 lb
or TEF = 9.19 lb W
(b) From j-coefficient 3.6129 ( 9.1852 ) + M By = 0
∴ M By = −33.185 lb ⋅ in.
From k-coefficient 240 − 3.4839 ( 9.1852 ) + M Bz = 0
∴ M Bz = −208.00 lb ⋅ in.
or M B = − ( 33.2 lb ⋅ in.) j − ( 208 lb ⋅ in.) k W
6
ΣFx = 0: Bx + ( 9.1852 lb ) = 0
31
∴ Bx = −1.77778 lb
27
ΣFy = 0: By − 16 lb + ( 9.1852 lb ) = 0
31
∴ By = 8.0000 lb
14
ΣFz = 0: Bz − ( 9.1852 lb ) = 0
31
∴ Bz = 4.1482 lb
or B = − (1.778 lb ) i + ( 8.00 lb ) j + ( 4.15 lb ) k W

PROBLEM 4.132
The frame shown is supported by three cables and a ball-and-socket joint
at A. For P = 0, determine the tension in each cable and the reaction at A.
SOLUTION
First note
− ( 0.65 m ) i + ( 0.2 m ) j − ( 0.44 m ) k
TDI = λ DI TDI = TDI
( 0.65)2 + ( 0.2 )2 + ( 0.44 )2 m
TDI
= ( −0.65i + 0.2 j − 0.44k )
0.81
− ( 0.45 m ) i + ( 0.24 m ) j
TEH = λ EH TEH = TEH
( 0.45)2 + ( 0.24 )2 m
TEH
= ( −0.45i ) + ( 0.24 j)
0.51
− ( 0.45 m ) i + ( 0.2 m ) j + ( 0.36 m ) k
TFG = λ FGTFG = TFG
( 0.45 ) 2
+ ( 0.2 ) + ( 0.36 ) m
2 2
TFG
= ( −0.45i + 0.2 j + 0.36k )
0.61
ΣM A = 0: rD/ A × TDI + rC/ A × ( −280 N ) j + rH / A × TEH + rF / A × TFG + rF / A × ( −360 N ) j = 0
i j k i j k i j k i j k
 TDI   TEH   TFG 
or 0.65 0.2 0   + 0.65 0 0 ( 280 N ) + 0 0.32 0   + 0.45 0 0.06  
 0.81   0.51   0.61 
−0.65 0.2 −0.44 0 −1 0 −0.45 0.24 0 −0.45 0.2 0.36
i j k
+ 0.45 0 0.06 ( 360 N ) = 0
0 −1 0
TDI T
or ( −0.088i + 0.286 j + 0.26k ) + ( −0.65k ) 280 N + ( 0.144k ) EH
0.81 0.51
TFG
+ ( −0.012i − 0.189 j + 0.09k ) + ( 0.06i − 0.45k )( 360 N ) = 0
0.61
T  T 
From i-coefficient −0.088  DI  − 0.012  FG  + 0.06 ( 360 N ) = 0
 0.81   0.61 
∴ 0.108642TDI + 0.0196721TFG = 21.6 (1)
T  T 
From j-coefficient 0.286  DI  − 0.189  FG  = 0
 0.81   0.61 
∴ TFG = 1.13959TDI (2)
From k-coefficient
T  T  T 
0.26  DI  − 0.65 ( 280 N ) + 0.144  EH  + 0.09  FG 
 0.81   0.51   0.61 
− 0.45 ( 360 N ) = 0
∴ 0.32099TDI + 0.28235TEH + 0.147541TFG = 344 N (3)

Substitution of Equation (2) into Equation (1)
0.108642TDI + 0.0196721(1.13959TDI ) = 21.6
∴ TDI = 164.810 N
or TDI = 164.8 N W
Then from Equation (2)
TFG = 1.13959 (164.810 N ) = 187.816 N
or TFG = 187.8 N W
And from Equation (3)
0.32099 (164.810 N ) + 0.28235TEH + 0.147541(187.816 N ) = 344 N
∴ TEH = 932.84 N
or TEH = 933 N W
The vector forms of the cable forces are:
164.810 N
TDI = ( −0.65i + 0.2 j − 0.44k )
0.81
= − (132.25 N ) i + ( 40.694 N ) j − ( 89.526 N ) k
932.84 N
TEH = ( −0.45i + 0.24 j) = − (823.09 N ) i + ( 438.98 N ) j
0.51
187.816 N
TFG = ( −0.45i + 0.2 j + 0.36k )
0.61
= − (138.553 N ) i + ( 61.579 N ) j + (110.842 N ) k
Then, from f.b.d. of frame

ΣFx = 0: Ax − 132.25 − 823.09 − 138.553 = 0
∴ Ax = 1093.89 N
ΣFy = 0: Ay + 40.694 + 438.98 + 61.579 − 360 − 280 = 0
∴ Ay = 98.747 N
ΣFz = 0: Az − 89.526 + 110.842 = 0
∴ Az = −21.316 N
or A = (1094 N ) i + ( 98.7 N ) j − ( 21.3 N ) k W

PROBLEM 4.133
The frame shown is supported by three cables and a ball-and-socket joint
at A. For P = 50 N, determine the tension in each cable and the reaction
at A.
SOLUTION
First note
− ( 0.65 m ) i + ( 0.2 m ) j − ( 0.44 m ) k
TDI = λ DI TDI = TDI
( 0.65)2 + ( 0.2 )2 + ( 0.44 )2 m
TDI
= ( −65i + 20 j − 44k )
81
− ( 0.45 m ) i + ( 0.24 m ) j
TEH = λ EH TEH = TEH
( 0.45)2 + ( 0.24 )2 m
TEH
= ( −15i + 8j)
17
− ( 0.45 m ) i + ( 0.2 m ) j + ( 0.36 m ) k
TFG = λ FGTFG = TFG
( 0.45) + ( 0.2 ) + ( 0.36 ) m
2 2 2
TFG
= ( −45i + 20 j + 36k )
61
ΣM A = 0: rD/ A × TDI + rC/ A ×  − ( 280 N ) j + ( 50 N ) k 
+ rH / A × TEH + rF / A × TFG + rF / A × ( −360 N ) j
i j k i j k i j k
 TDI  T 
or 0.65 0.2 0   + 0.65 0 0 + 0 0.32 0  EH 
 81   17 
−65 20 −44 0 −280 50 −15 8 0
i j k i j k
 TFG 
+ 0.45 0 0.06   + 0.45 0 0.06 ( 360 N ) = 0
 61 
−45 20 36 0 −1 0
( −8.8i + 28.6 j + 26k ) 

TDI   TEH 
and  + ( −32.5 j − 182k ) + ( 4.8k )  
 81   17 
T 
+ ( −1.2i − 18.9 j + 9.0k )  FG  + ( 0.06i − 0.45k ) ( 360 ) = 0
 61 
T  T 
From i-coefficient −8.8  DI  − 1.2  FG  + 0.06 ( 360 ) = 0
 81   61 
∴ 0.108642TDI + 0.0196721TFG = 21.6 (1)
T  T 
From j-coefficient 28.6  DI  − 32.5 − 18.9  FG  = 0
 81   61 
∴ 0.35309TDI − 0.30984TFG = 32.5 (2)
From k-coefficient
T  T  T 
26  DI  − 182 + 4.8  EH  + 9.0  FG  − 0.45 ( 360 ) = 0
 81   17   61 
∴ 0.32099TDI + 0.28235TEH + 0.147541TFG = 344 (3)
−3.25 × Equation (1) −0.35309TDI − 0.063935TFG = −70.201
Add Equation (2) 0.35309TDI − 0.30984TFG = 32.5
−0.37378TFG = −37.701
∴ TFG = 100.864 N
or TFG = 100.9 N W
Then from Equation (1)
0.108642TDI + 0.0196721(100.864 ) = 21.6
∴ TDI = 180.554 N
or TDI = 180.6 N W
and from Equation (3)
0.32099 (180.554 ) + 0.28235TEH + 0.147541(100.864 ) = 344
∴ TEH = 960.38 N
or TEH = 960 N W
The vector forms of the cable forces are:
180.554 N
TDI = ( −65i + 20 j − 44k )
81
= − (144.889 N ) i + ( 44.581 N ) j − ( 98.079 N ) k
960.38 N
TEH = ( −15i + 8j) = − (847.39 N ) i + ( 451.94 N ) j
17
100.864 N
TFG = ( −45i + 20 j + 36k )
61
= − ( 74.409 N ) i + ( 33.070 N ) j + ( 59.527 N ) k
Then from f.b.d. of frame

ΣFx = 0: Ax − 144.889 − 847.39 − 74.409 = 0
∴ Ax = 1066.69 N
ΣFy = 0: Ay + 44.581 + 451.94 + 33.070 − 360 − 280 = 0
∴ Ay = 110.409 N
ΣFz = 0: Az − 98.079 + 59.527 + 50 = 0
∴ Az = −11.448 N
Therefore, A = (1067 N ) i + (110.4 N ) j − (11.45 N ) k W

PROBLEM 4.134
The rigid L-shaped member ABF is supported by a ball-and-socket joint
at A and by three cables. For the loading shown, determine the tension in
each cable and the reaction at A.
SOLUTION
First note
− (18 in.) i + (13.5 in.) k
TBG = λ BGTBG = TBG
(18) 2
+ (13.5 ) in.
2
= TBG ( −0.8i + 0.6k )
− (18 in.) i + ( 24 in.) j

TDH = λ DH TDH = TDH
(18)2 + ( 24 )2 in.
= TDH ( −0.6i + 0.8 j)
Since λ FJ = λ DH ,
TFJ = TFJ ( −0.6i + 0.8 j)
From f.b.d. of member ABF

ΣM A( x-axis ) = 0: ( 0.8TFJ ) ( 48 in.) + ( 0.8TDH )( 24 in.) − (120 lb )( 36 in.) − (120 lb )(12 in.) = 0
∴ 3.2TFJ + 1.6TDH = 480 (1)
ΣM A( z -axis ) = 0: ( 0.8TFJ ) (18 in.) + ( 0.8TDH )(18 in.) − (120 lb )(18 in.) − (120 lb )(18 in.) = 0
∴ − 3.2TFJ − 3.2TDH = −960 (2)
Equation (1) + Equation (2) TDH = 300 lb W
Substituting in Equation (1) TFJ = 0 W
ΣM A( y -axis ) = 0: ( 0.6TFJ ) ( 48 in.) + 0.6 ( 300 lb ) ( 24 in.) − ( 0.6TBG ) (18 in.) = 0
∴ TBG = 400 lb W
ΣFx = 0: − 0.6TFJ − 0.6TDH − 0.8TBG + Ax = 0
−0.6 ( 300 lb ) − 0.8 ( 400 lb ) + Ax = 0
∴ Ax = 500 lb
ΣFy = 0: 0.8TFJ + 0.8TDH − 240 lb + Ay = 0
0.8 ( 300 lb ) − 240 + Ay = 0
∴ Ay = 0
ΣFz = 0: 0.6TBG + Az = 0
0.6 ( 400 lb ) + Az = 0
∴ Az = −240 lb
Therefore, A = ( 500 lb ) i − ( 240 lb ) k W

PROBLEM 4.135
Solve Problem 4.134 assuming that the load at C has been removed.
P4.134 The rigid L-shaped member ABF is supported by a ball-and-
socket joint at A and by three cables. For the loading shown, determine
the tension in each cable and the reaction at A.
SOLUTION
First
− (18 in.) i + (13.5 in.) k
TBG = λ BGTBG = TBG
(18) 2
+ (13.5 ) in.
2
= TBG ( −0.8i + 0.6k )
− (18 in.) i + ( 24 in.) j

TDH = λ DH TDH = TDH
(18)2 + ( 24 )2 in.
= TDH ( −0.6i + 0.8 j)
Since λ FJ = λ DH
TFJ = TFJ ( −0.6i + 0.8 j)
From f.b.d. of member ABF

ΣM A( x-axis ) = 0: ( 0.8TFJ ) ( 48 in.) + ( 0.8TDH )( 24 in.) − (120 lb )( 36 in.) = 0
∴ 3.2TFJ + 1.6TDH = 360 (1)
ΣM A( z -axis ) = 0: ( 0.8TFJ ) (18 in.) + ( 0.8TDH )(18 in.) − (120 lb )(18 in.) = 0
∴ − 3.2TFJ − 3.2TDH = −480 (2)
Equation (1) + Equation (2) TDH = 75.0 lb W
Substituting into Equation (2) TFJ = 75.0 lb W
ΣM A( y -axis ) = 0: ( 0.6TFJ ) ( 48 in.) + ( 0.6TDH )( 24 in.) − ( 0.6TBG ) (18 in.) = 0

or ( 75.0 lb )( 48 in.) + ( 75.0 lb )( 24 in.) = TBG (18 in.)
TBG = 300 lb W
ΣFx = 0: − 0.6TFJ − 0.6TDH − 0.8TBG + Ax = 0
−0.6 ( 75.0 + 75.0 ) − 0.8 ( 300 ) + Ax = 0
∴ Ax = 330 lb
ΣFy = 0: 0.8TFJ + 0.8TDH − 120 lb + Ay = 0
0.8 (150 lb ) − 120 lb + Ay = 0
∴ Ay = 0
ΣFz = 0: 0.6TBG + Az = 0
0.6 ( 300 lb ) + Az = 0
∴ Az = −180 lb
Therefore A = ( 330 lb ) i − (180 lb ) k W

PROBLEM 4.136
In order to clean the clogged drainpipe AE, a plumber has disconnected
both ends of the pipe and inserted a power snake through the opening at
A. The cutting head of the snake is connected by a heavy cable to an
electric motor which rotates at a constant speed as the plumber forces the
cable into the pipe. The forces exerted by the plumber and the motor on
the end of the cable can be represented by the wrench F = − ( 60 N ) k ,
M = − (108 N ⋅ m ) k. Determine the additional reactions at B, C, and D
caused by the cleaning operation. Assume that the reaction at each
support consists of two force components perpendicular to the pipe.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d. of pipe assembly ABCD
ΣFx = 0: Bx = 0
ΣM D( x-axis ) = 0: ( 60 N )( 2.5 m ) − Bz ( 2 m ) = 0
∴ Bz = 75.0 N
and B = ( 75.0 N ) k
ΣM D( z -axis ) = 0: C y ( 3 m ) − 108 N ⋅ m = 0
∴ C y = 36.0 N
ΣM D( y -axis ) = 0: − Cz ( 3 m ) − ( 75 N )( 4 m ) + ( 60 N )( 4 m ) = 0
∴ C z = −20.0 N
and C = ( 36.0 N ) j − ( 20.0 N ) k
ΣFy = 0: Dy + 36.0 = 0
∴ D y = −36.0 N
ΣFz = 0: Dz − 20.0 N + 75.0 N − 60 N = 0
∴ Dz = 5.00 N
and D = − ( 36.0 N ) j + ( 5.00 N ) k

PROBLEM 4.137
Solve Problem 4.136 assuming that the plumber exerts a force
F = − ( 60 N ) k and that the motor is turned off ( M = 0 ) .
P4.136 In order to clean the clogged drainpipe AE, a plumber has
disconnected both ends of the pipe and inserted a power snake through
the opening at A. The cutting head of the snake is connected by a heavy
cable to an electric motor which rotates at a constant speed as the
plumber forces the cable into the pipe. The forces exerted by the plumber
and the motor on the end of the cable can be represented by the wrench
F = − ( 60 N ) k , M = − (108 N ⋅ m ) k. Determine the additional
reactions at B, C, and D caused by the cleaning operation. Assume that
the reaction at each support consists of two force components
perpendicular to the pipe.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d. of pipe assembly ABCD
ΣFx = 0: Bx = 0
ΣM D( x-axis ) = 0: ( 60 N )( 2.5 m ) − Bz ( 2 m ) = 0
∴ Bz = 75.0 N
and B = ( 75.0 N ) k
ΣM D( z -axis ) = 0: C y ( 3 m ) − Bx ( 2 m ) = 0
∴ Cy = 0
ΣM D( y -axis ) = 0: Cz ( 3 m ) − ( 75.0 N )( 4 m ) + ( 60 N )( 4 m ) = 0
∴ C z = −20 N
and C = − ( 20.0 N ) k
ΣFy = 0: Dy + C y = 0
∴ Dy = 0
ΣFz = 0: Dz + Bz + C z − F = 0
Dz + 75 N − 20 N − 60 N = 0
∴ Dz = 5.00 N
and D = ( 5.00 N ) k
PROBLEM 4.138
Three rods are welded together to form a “corner” which is supported by
three eyebolts. Neglecting friction, determine the reactions at A, B, and C
when P = 240 N, a = 120 mm, b = 80 mm, and c = 100 mm.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d. of weldment
ΣM O = 0: rA/O × A + rB/O × B + rC/O × C = 0
i j k i j k i j k
120 0 0 + 0 80 0 + 0 0 100 = 0
0 Ay Az Bx 0 Bz Cx Cy 0
( −120 Az j + 120 Ayk ) + (80Bzi − 80Bxk ) + ( −100C yi + 100Cx j) = 0

From i-coefficient 80Bz − 100C y = 0
or Bz = 1.25C y (1)
j-coefficient −120 Az + 100Cx = 0
or Cx = 1.2 Az (2)
k-coefficient 120 Ay − 80Bx = 0
or Bx = 1.5 Ay (3)
ΣF = 0: A + B + C − P = 0
or ( Bx + Cx ) i + ( Ay + C y − 240 N ) j + ( Az + Bz ) k = 0
From i-coefficient Bx + Cx = 0
or Cx = − Bx (4)
j-coefficient Ay + C y − 240 N = 0
or Ay + C y = 240 N (5)
k-coefficient Az + Bz = 0
or Az = − Bz (6)
Substituting Cx from Equation (4) into Equation (2)
− Bz = 1.2 Az (7)
Using Equations (1), (6), and (7)
Bz − Az 1  Bx  Bx
Cy = = =  = (8)
1.25 1.25 1.25  1.2  1.5
1.5 Ay
Cy = or C y = Ay
1.5
and substituting into Equation (5)
2 Ay = 240 N
∴ Ay = C y = 120 N (9)
Using Equation (1) and Equation (9)

Bz = 1.25 (120 N ) = 150.0 N
Using Equation (3) and Equation (9)

Bx = 1.5 (120 N ) = 180.0 N
From Equation (4) Cx = −180.0 N
From Equation (6) Az = −150.0 N
Therefore A = (120.0 N ) j − (150.0 N ) k
B = (180.0 N ) i + (150.0 N ) k
C = − (180.0 N ) i + (120.0 N ) j
PROBLEM 4.139
Solve Problem 4.138 assuming that the force P is removed and is
replaced by a couple M = + ( 6 N ⋅ m ) j acting at B.
P4.138 Three rods are welded together to form a “corner” which is
supported by three eyebolts. Neglecting friction, determine the reactions
at A, B, and C when P = 240 N, a = 120 mm, b = 80 mm, and
c = 100 mm.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d. of weldment
ΣM O = 0: rA/O × A + rB/O × B + rC/O × C + M = 0
i j k i j k i j k
0.12 0 0 + 0 0.08 0 + 0 0 0.1 + ( 6 N ⋅ m ) j = 0
0 Ay Az Bx 0 Bz Cx Cy 0
( −0.12 Az j + 0.12 Ayk ) + ( 0.08Bz j − 0.08Bxk )

( )
+ −0.1C y i + 0.1Cx j + ( 6 N ⋅ m ) j = 0
From i-coefficient 0.08Bz − 0.1C y = 0
or C y = 0.8Bz (1)
j-coefficient −0.12 Az + 0.1Cx + 6 = 0
or Cx = 1.2 Az − 60 (2)
k-coefficient 0.12 Ay − 0.08Bx = 0
or Bx = 1.5 Ay (3)
ΣF = 0: A + B + C = 0
( Bx + Cx ) i + ( Ay + C y ) j + ( Az + Bz ) k = 0
From i-coefficient Cx = − Bx (4)
j-coefficient C y = − Ay (5)
k-coefficient Az = − Bz (6)
Substituting Cx from Equation (4) into Equation (2)
B 
Az = 50 −  x  (7)
 1.2 
Using Equations (1), (6), and (7)

2
C y = 0.8Bz = −0.8 Az =   Bx − 40 (8)
3
C y = Ay − 40
Substituting into Equation (5) 2 Ay = 40
∴ Ay = 20.0 N
From Equation (5) C y = −20.0 N
Equation (1) Bz = −25.0 N
Equation (3) Bx = 30.0 N
Equation (4) Cx = −30.0 N
Equation (6) Az = 25.0 N
Therefore A = ( 20.0 N ) j + ( 25.0 N ) k
B = ( 30.0 N ) i − ( 25.0 N ) k
C = − ( 30.0 N ) i − ( 20.0 N ) j
PROBLEM 4.140
The uniform 10-lb rod AB is supported by a ball-and-socket joint at A and
leans against both the rod CD and the vertical wall. Neglecting the effects
of friction, determine (a) the force which rod CD exerts on AB, (b) the
reactions at A and B. (Hint: The force exerted by CD on AB must be
perpendicular to both rods.)
SOLUTION
(a) The force acting at E on the f.b.d. of rod AB is perpendicular to AB
and CD. Letting λ E = direction cosines for force E,
rB/ A × k
λE =
rB/ A × k
 − ( 32 in.) i + ( 24 in.) j − ( 40 in.) k  × k

=
( 32 ) + ( 24 ) in.
2 2
= 0.6i + 0.8 j
Also, W = − (10 lb ) j
B = Bk
E = E ( 0.6i + 0.8 j)
From f.b.d. of rod AB

ΣM A = 0: rG/ A × W + rE/ A × E + rB/ A × B = 0
i j k i j k i j k
∴ −16 12 −20 (10 lb ) + −24 18 −30 E + −32 24 −40 B = 0
0 −1 0 0.6 0.8 0 0 0 1
( −20i + 16k )(10 lb ) + ( 24i − 18 j − 30k ) E + ( 24i + 32 j) B = 0

From k-coefficient 160 − 30 E = 0
∴ E = 5.3333 lb
and E = 5.3333 lb ( 0.6i + 0.8 j)
or E = ( 3.20 lb ) i + ( 4.27 lb ) j
(b) From j-coefficient −18 ( 5.3333 lb ) + 32 B = 0
∴ B = 3.00 lb
or B = ( 3.00 lb ) k

ΣF = 0: A + W + E + B = 0
Ax i + Ay j + Az k − (10 lb ) j + ( 3.20 lb ) i + ( 4.27 lb ) j + ( 3.00 lb ) k = 0
From i-coefficient Ax + 3.20 lb = 0
∴ Ax = −3.20 lb
j-coefficient Ay − 10 lb + 4.27 lb = 0
∴ Ay = 5.73 lb
k-coefficient Az + 3.00 lb = 0
∴ Az = −3.00 lb
Therefore A = − ( 3.20 lb ) i + ( 5.73 lb ) j − ( 3.00 lb ) k

PROBLEM 4.141
A 21-in.-long uniform rod AB weighs 6.4 lb and is attached to a ball-and-
socket joint at A. The rod rests against an inclined frictionless surface and
is held in the position shown by cord BC. Knowing that the cord is 21 in.
long, determine (a) the tension in the cord, (b) the reactions at A and B.
SOLUTION
First note
W = − ( 6.4 lb ) j
N B = N B ( 0.8j + 0.6k )
LAB = 21 in.
= ( xB )2 + (13 + 3)2 + ( 4 )2 = xB2 + (16 ) + ( 4 )

2 2
∴ xB = 13 in.
TBC = λ BCTBC =
(13 in.) i + (16 in.) j − ( 4 in.) k T
BC
21 in.
TBC
= (13i + 16 j − 4k )
21
ΣM A = 0: rG/ A × W + rB/ A × N B + rC/ A × TBC = 0
i j k i j k i j k
26TBC
6.5 −8 2 + 13 −16 4 N B + 1 0 0 =0
21
0 −6.4 0 0 0.8 0.6 13 16 −4
26TBC
(12.8i − 41.6k ) + ( −12.8i − 7.8j + 10.4k ) N B + ( 4 j + 16k ) =0
21
From i-coeff. 12.8 − 12.8N B = 0 ∴ N B = 1.00 lb
or N B = ( 0.800 lb ) j + ( 0.600 lb ) k
 26 
From j-coeff. −7.8 N B + 4   TBC = 0 ∴ TBC = 1.575 lb
 21 
ΣF = 0: A + W + N B + TBC = 0
( Axi + Ay j + Azk ) − ( 6.4 lb ) j + ( 0.800 lb ) j + ( 0.600 lb ) k +  1.575

21 

 (13i + 16 j − 4k ) = 0
From i-coefficient Ax = −0.975 lb
j-coefficient Ay = 4.40 lb
k-coefficient Az = −0.3 lb
∴ (a) TBC = 1.575 lb
(b) A = − ( 0.975 lb ) i + ( 4.40 lb ) j − ( 0.300 lb ) k
N B = ( 0.800 lb ) j + ( 0.600 lb ) k
PROBLEM 4.142
While being installed, the 56-lb chute ABCD is attached to a wall with
brackets E and F and is braced with props GH and IJ. Assuming that the
weight of the chute is uniformly distributed, determine the magnitude of
the force exerted on the chute by prop GH if prop IJ is removed.
SOLUTION
First note
 42 in. 
θ = tan −1   = 16.2602°
 144 in. 
xG = ( 50 in.) cos16.2602° = 48 in.
yG = 78 in. − ( 50 in.) sin16.2602° = 64 in.
− (144 in.) i + ( 42 in.) j 1

λ BA = = ( −24i + 7 j)
(144 ) 2
+ ( 42 ) in.
2 25
rK / A = ( 72 in.) i − ( 21 in.) j + ( 9 in.) k
rG/ A = ( 48 in.) i − ( 78 in. − 64 in.) j + (18 in.) k = ( 48 in.) i − (14 in.) j + (18 in.) k
W = − ( 56 lb ) j
PHG = λ HG PHG
− ( 2 in.) i + ( 64 in.) j − (16 in.) k

= PHG
( 2 ) + ( 64 ) + (16 ) in.
2 2 2
PHG
= ( −i + 32 j − 8k )
33
From the f.b.d. of the chute
ΣM BA = 0: λ BA ⋅ ( rK / A × W ) + λ BA ⋅ ( rG/ A × PHG ) = 0
−24 7 0 −24 7 0
 56   P 
72 −21 9   + 48 −14 18  HG  = 0
 25  ( )
 33 25 
0 −1 0 −1 32 −8
−216 ( 56 ) P
+ [ −24 ( −14 ) ( −8 ) − ( −24 ) (18 )( 32 ) + 7 (18 ) ( −1) − ( 7 )( 48 )( −8 )] HG = 0
25 33 ( 25 )
∴ PHG = 29.141 lb
or PHG = 29.1 lb
PROBLEM 4.143
While being installed, the 56-lb chute ABCD is attached to a wall with
brackets E and F and is braced with props GH and IJ. Assuming that the
weight of the chute is uniformly distributed, determine the magnitude of
the force exerted on the chute by prop IJ if prop GH is removed.
SOLUTION
First note
 42 in. 
θ = tan −1   = 16.2602°
 144 in. 
xI = (100 in.) cos16.2602° = 96 in.
yI = 78 in. − (100 in.) sin16.2602° = 50 in.
− (144 in.) i + ( 42 in.) j 1

λ BA = = ( −24i + 7 j)
(144 ) 2
+ ( 42 ) in.
2 25
rK / A = ( 72 in.) i − ( 21 in.) j + ( 9 in.) k
rI / A = ( 96 in.) i − ( 78 in. − 50 in.) j + (18 in.) k = ( 96 in.) i − ( 28 in.) j + (18 in.) k
W = − ( 56 lb ) j
PJI = λ JI PJI
− (1 in.) i + ( 50 in.) j − (10 in.) k

= PJI
(1) 2
+ ( 50 ) + (10 ) in.
2 2
PJI
= ( −i + 50 j − 10k )
51
From the f.b.d. of the chute
ΣM BA = 0: λ BA ⋅ ( rK / A × W ) + λ BA ⋅ ( rI / A × PJI ) = 0
−24 7 0 −24 7 0
 56   P 
72 −21 9   + 96 −28 18  JI  = 0
 25   51( 25 ) 
0 −1 0 −1 50 −10
−216 ( 56 ) P
+ [ −24 ( −28 )( −10 ) − ( −24 ) (18 )( 50 ) + 7 (18 ) ( −1) − ( 7 )( 96 )( −10 )] JI = 0
25 51( 25 )
∴ PJI = 28.728 lb
or PJI = 28.7 lb
PROBLEM 4.144
To water seedlings, a gardener joins three lengths of pipe, AB, BC,
and CD, fitted with spray nozzles and suspends the assembly using
hinged supports at A and D and cable EF. Knowing that the pipe
weighs 0.85 lb/ft, determine the tension in the cable.
SOLUTION
First note rG/ A = (1.5 ft ) i
WAB = − ( 0.85 lb/ft )( 3 ft ) j = − ( 2.55 lb ) j
rF / A = ( 2 ft ) i
− ( 2 ft ) i + ( 3 ft ) j − ( 4.5 ft ) k
T = λ FET = T
( 2 )2 + ( 3)2 + ( 4.5)2 ft
 T 
=  ( −2i + 3j − 4.5k )
 33.25 
rB/ A = ( 3 ft ) i
WBC = − ( 0.85 lb/ft )(1 ft ) j = − ( 0.85 lb ) j
rH / A = ( 3 ft ) i − ( 2.25 ft ) k
WCD = − ( 0.85 lb/ft )( 4.5 ft ) j = − ( 3.825 lb ) j
( 3 ft ) i − (1 ft ) j − ( 4.5 ft ) k 1
λ AD = = ( 3i − j − 4.5k )
( 3)2 + (1)2 + ( 4.5)2 ft 5.5
From f.b.d. of the pipe assembly
ΣM AD = 0: λ AD ⋅ ( rG/ A × WAB ) + λ AD ⋅ ( rF / A × T )
+ λ AD ⋅ ( rB/ A × WBC ) + λ AD ⋅ ( rH / A × WCD ) = 0
3 −1 −4.5 3 −1 −4.5
 1   T 
∴ 1.5 0 0  + 2 0 0  
 5.5   5.5 33.25 
0 −2.55 0 −2 3 −4.5
3 −1 −4.5 3 −1 −4.5
 1   1 
+ 3 0 0   + 3 0 − 2.25  =0
 5.5   5.5 
0 −0.85 0 0 −3.825 0
 T 
(17.2125) + ( −36 )   + (11.475 ) + ( 25.819 ) = 0
 33.25 
∴ T = 8.7306 lb
or T = 8.73 lb
PROBLEM 4.145
Solve Problem 4.144 assuming that cable EF is replaced by a cable
connecting E and C.
P4.144 To water seedlings, a gardener joins three lengths of pipe, AB,
BC, and CD, fitted with spray nozzles and suspends the assembly using
hinged supports at A and D and cable EF. Knowing that the pipe weighs
0.85 lb/ft, determine the tension in the cable.
SOLUTION
First note rG/ A = (1.5 ft ) i
WAB = − ( 0.85 lb/ft )( 3 ft ) j = − ( 2.55 lb ) j
rC/ A = ( 3 ft ) i − (1 ft ) j
− ( 3 ft ) i + ( 4 ft ) j − ( 4.5 ft ) k
T = λ CET = T
( 3)2 + ( 4 )2 + ( 4.5)2 ft
 T 
=  ( −3i + 4 j − 4.5k )
 45.25 
rB/ A = ( 3 ft ) i
WBC = − ( 0.85 lb/ft )(1 ft ) j = − ( 0.85 lb ) j
rH / A = ( 3 ft ) i − ( 2.25 ft ) k
WCD = − ( 0.85 lb/ft )(1 ft ) j = − ( 3.825 lb ) j
( 3 ft ) i − (1 ft ) j − ( 4.5 ft ) k 1
λ AD = = ( 3i − j − 4.5k )
( 3)2 + (1)2 + ( 4.5)2 ft 5.5
From f.b.d. of the pipe assembly
ΣM AD = 0: λ AD ⋅ ( rG/ A × WAB ) + λ AD ⋅ ( rC/ A × T )
+ λ AD ⋅ ( rB/ A × WBC ) + λ AD ⋅ ( rH / A × WCD ) = 0
3 −1 −4.5 3 −1 −4.5
 1   T 
∴ 1.5 0 0   + 3 −1 0  
 5.5   5.5 45.25 
0 −2.55 0 −3 4 −4.5
3 −1 −4.5 3 −1 −4.5
 1   1 
+3 0 0  + 3 0 −2.25  =0
 5.5   5.5 
0 −0.85 0 0 −3.825 0
 T 
(17.2125) + ( −40.5)   + (11.475 ) + ( 25.819 ) = 0
 45.25 
∴ T = 9.0536 lb
or T = 9.05 lb
PROBLEM 4.146
The bent rod ABDE is supported by ball-and-socket joints at A and E and
by the cable DF. If a 600-N load is applied at C as shown, determine the
tension in the cable.
SOLUTION
First note
− ( 70 mm ) i + ( 240 mm ) k 1
λ AE = = ( −7i + 24k )
( 70 ) 2
+ ( 240 ) mm
2 25
rC/ A = ( 90 mm ) i + (100 mm ) k
FC = − ( 600 N ) j
rD/ A = ( 90 mm ) i + ( 240 mm ) k
− (160 mm ) i + (110 mm ) j − ( 80 mm ) k
T = λ DFT = T
(160 )2 + (110 )2 + (80 )2 mm
T
= ( −16 i + 11j − 8k )
21
From the f.b.d. of the bend rod
( ) (
ΣM AE = 0: λ AE ⋅ rC/ A × FC + λ AE ⋅ rD/ A × T = 0 )
−7 0 24 −7 0 24
 600   T 
∴ 90 0 100   + 90 0 240  =0
 25   25 ( 21) 
0 −1 0 −16 11 −8
( −700 − 2160 ) 
600   T 
 + (18 480 + 23 760 )   =0
 25   25 ( 21) 
∴ T = 853.13 N
or T = 853 N
PROBLEM 4.147
Solve Problem 4.146 assuming that cable DF is replaced by a cable
connecting B and F.
P4.146 The bent rod ABDE is supported by ball-and-socket joints at A
and E and by the cable DF. If a 600-N load is applied at C as shown,
determine the tension in the cable.
SOLUTION
First note
− ( 70 mm ) i + ( 240 mm ) k 1
λ AE = = ( −7i + 24k )
( 70 ) 2
+ ( 240 ) mm
2 25
rC/ A = ( 90 mm ) i + (100 mm ) k
FC = − ( 600 N ) j
rB/ A = ( 90 mm ) i
− (160 mm ) i + (110 mm ) j + (160 mm ) k

T = λ BFT = T
(160 )2 + (110 )2 + (160 )2 mm
1
= ( −160 i + 110 j + 160k )
251.59
From the f.b.d. of the bend rod
( ) (
ΣM AE = 0: λ AE ⋅ rC/ A × FC + λ AE ⋅ rB/ A × T = 0 )
−7 0 24 −7 0 24
 600   T 
∴ 90 0 100   + 90 0 0  =0
 25   25 ( 251.59 ) 
0 −1 0 −160 110 160
( −700 − 2160 ) 
600   T 
 + ( 237 600 )  =0
 25   (
25 251.59 ) 
∴ T = 1817.04 N
or T = 1817 N
PROBLEM 4.148
Two rectangular plates are welded together to form the assembly shown.
The assembly is supported by ball-and-socket joints at B and D and by a
ball on a horizontal surface at C. For the loading shown, determine the
reaction at C.
SOLUTION
− ( 80 mm ) i − ( 90 mm ) j + (120 mm ) k
First note λ BD =
(80 )2 + ( 90 )2 + (120 )2 mm
1
= ( −8i − 9 j + 12k )
17
rA/B = − ( 60 mm ) i
P = ( 200 N ) k
rC/D = ( 80 mm ) i
C = (C ) j
From the f.b.d. of the plates
( ) (
ΣM BD = 0: λ BD ⋅ rA/B × P + λ BD ⋅ rC/D × C = 0 )
−8 −9 12 −8 −9 12
 60 ( 200 )   C ( 80 ) 
∴ −1 0 0   + 1 0 0   =0
 17   17 
0 0 1 0 1 0
( −9 )( 60 )( 200 ) + (12 )(80 ) C = 0

∴ C = 112.5 N or C = (112.5 N ) j
PROBLEM 4.149
Two 1 × 2-m plywood panels, each of mass 15 kg, are nailed together as
shown. The panels are supported by ball-and-socket joints at A and F and
by the wire BH. Determine (a) the location of H in the xy plane if the
tension in the wire is to be minimum, (b) the corresponding minimum
tension.
SOLUTION
Let (
W1 = W2 = − ( mg ) j = − (15 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 j )
= − (147.15 N ) j
From the f.b.d. of the panels
( ) ( )
ΣM AF = 0: λ AF ⋅ rG/ A × W1 + λ AF ⋅ rB/ A × T + λ AF ⋅ rT / A × W2 = 0( )
( 2 m ) i − (1 m ) j − ( 2 m ) k 1
where λ AF = = ( 2i − j − 2k )
( 2 )2 + (1)2 + ( 2 )2 m 3
rG/ A = (1 m ) i
rB/ A = ( 2 m ) i
rI / A = ( 2 m ) i − (1 m ) k
( x − 2) i + ( y ) j − ( 2) k
λ BH =
( x − 2 ) 2 + y 2 + ( 2 )2
( x − 2) i + ( y ) j − ( 2) k
T = λ BH T =
( x − 2 ) 2 + y 2 + ( 2 )2
2 −1 −2 2 −1 −2 2 −1 −2
 147.15   T   147.15 
∴ 1 0 0  + 2 0 0   + 2 0 −1  3  = 0
 3   2 2 
x − 2 y −2  3 ( x − 2 ) + y + ( 2 )
2
0 −1 0  0 −1 0
2 (147.15 ) T 147.15
+ ( −4 − 4 y ) + ( −2 + 4 ) =0
3 2
3 ( x − 2) + y 2 + ( 2)
2 3
147.15
or T = ( x − 2 ) 2 + y 2 + ( 2 )2
1+ y
1
For x − 2 m, T = Tmin ∴ Tmin =
147.15 2
( y + 4) 2
(1 + y )
−1 1
(1 + y ) ( y 2 + 4 ) 2 ( 2 y ) − ( y 2 + 4 ) 2 (1)
1
 dT  2
The y-value for Tmin is found from  dy  = 0: =0
  (1 + y )2
Setting the numerator equal to zero, (1 + y ) y = y2 + 4
y = 4m
147.15 ( 2 2 2
Then T min = 2 − 2 ) + ( 4 ) + ( 2 ) = 131.615 N
(1 + 4 )
∴ (a) x = 2.00 m, y = 4.00 m
(b) Tmin = 131.6 N

PROBLEM 4.150
Solve Problem 4.149 subject to the restriction that H must lie on the
y axis.
P4.149 Two 1 × 2-m plywood panels, each of mass 15 kg, are nailed
together as shown. The panels are supported by ball-and-socket joints at
A and F and by the wire BH. Determine (a) the location of H in the xy
plane if the tension in the wire is to be minimum, (b) the corresponding
minimum tension.
SOLUTION
Let ( )
W1 = W2 = − ( mg ) j = − (15 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 j = − (147.15 N ) j
From the f.b.d. of the panels
( ) ( )
ΣM AF = 0: λ AF ⋅ rG/ A × W1 + λ AF ⋅ rB/ A × T + λ AF ⋅ rI / A × W2 = 0 ( )
( 2 m ) i − (1 m ) j − ( 2 m ) k 1
where λ AF = = ( 2i − j − 2k )
( 2 )2 + (1)2 + ( 2 )2 m 3
rG/ A = (1 m ) i
rB/ A = ( 2 m ) i
rI / A = ( 2 m ) i − (1 m ) k
− (2 m) i + ( y) j − (2 m) k
T = λ BH T = T
( 2 )2 + ( y )2 + ( 2 )2 m
T
= ( −2i + yj − 2k )
8 + y2
2 −1 −2 2 −1 −2 2 −1 −2
 147.15   T   147.15 
∴ 1 0 0 + 2 0 0   + 2 0 −1  3  = 0
 3   2
0 −1 0 −2 y −2  3 8 + y  0 −1 0
( )
2 (147.15 ) + ( −4 − 4 y ) T 8 + y 2 + ( 2 )147.15 = 0
∴ T =
(147.15) 8 + y2
(1 + y )
(1 + y ) 12 (8 + ) ( 2 y ) − (8 + )
− 12 1
 dT  y2 y2 2
(1)
For Tmin ,  =0 ∴ =0
 dy  (1 + y )2
Setting the numerator equal to zero,
(1 + y ) y = 8 + y2
∴ y = 8.00 m
(147.15) 8 + (8)2
and Tmin = = 138.734 N
(1 + 8)
∴ (a) x = 0, y = 8.00 m
(b) Tmin = 138.7 N

PROBLEM 4.151
A uniform 20 × 30-in. steel plate ABCD weighs 85 lb and is attached to
ball-and-socket joints at A and B. Knowing that the plate leans against a
frictionless vertical wall at D, determine (a) the location of D, (b) the
reaction at D.
SOLUTION
(a) Since rD/ A is perpendicular to rB/ A ,
rD/ A ⋅ rB/ A = 0
where coordinates of D are ( 0, y, z ) , and
rD/ A = − ( 4 in.) i + ( y ) j + ( z − 28 in.) k
rB/ A = (12 in.) i − (16 in.) k
∴ rD/ A ⋅ rB/ A = −48 − 16 z + 448 = 0
or z = 25 in.
Since LAD = 30 in.
30 = ( 4 )2 + ( y )2 + ( 25 − 28)2
900 = 16 + y 2 + 9
or y = 875 in. = 29.580 in.

∴ Coordinates of D : x = 0, y = 29.6 in., z = 25.0 in.
(b) From f.b.d. of steel plate ABCD
ΣM AB = 0: λ AB ⋅ ( rD/ A × N D ) + λ AB ⋅ ( rG/B × W ) = 0
(12 in.) i − (16 in.) k 1

where λ AB = = ( 3i − 4k )
(12 )2 + (16 )2 in. 5
rD/ A = − ( 4 in.) i + ( 29.580 in.) j − ( 3 in.) k
N D = N Di
1 1
rG/B = rD/B =  − (16 in.) i + ( 29.580 in.) j + ( 25 in. − 12 in.) k 
2 2
W = − ( 85 lb ) j
3 0 −4 3 0 −4
 ND   85 
∴ −4 29.580 −3   + −16 29.580 13  =0
 5   2 ( 5 ) 
1 0 0 0 −1 0
118.32 N D + ( 39 − 64 ) 42.5 = 0
∴ N D = 8.9799 lb
or N D = ( 8.98 lb ) i
PROBLEM 4.152
Beam AD carries the two 40-lb loads shown. The beam is held by a fixed
support at D and by the cable BE which is attached to the counter-weight
W. Determine the reaction at D when (a) W = 100 lb, (b) W = 90 lb.
SOLUTION
(a) W = 100 lb
From f.b.d. of beam AD
ΣFx = 0: Dx = 0
ΣFy = 0: Dy − 40 lb − 40 lb + 100 lb = 0
∴ Dy = −20.0 lb
or D = 20.0 lb
ΣM D = 0: M D − (100 lb )( 5 ft ) + ( 40 lb )( 8 ft )
+ ( 40 lb )( 4 ft ) = 0
∴ M D = 20.0 lb ⋅ ft
or M D = 20.0 lb ⋅ ft
(b) W = 90 lb
ΣFx = 0: Dx = 0
ΣFy = 0: Dy + 90 lb − 40 lb − 40 lb = 0
∴ Dy = −10.00 lb
or D = 10.00 lb
ΣM D = 0: M D − ( 90 lb )( 5 ft ) + ( 40 lb )( 8 ft )
+ ( 40 lb )( 4 ft ) = 0
∴ M D = −30.0 lb ⋅ ft
or M D = 30.0 lb ⋅ ft
PROBLEM 4.153
For the beam and loading shown, determine the range of values of W for
which the magnitude of the couple at D does not exceed 40 lb ⋅ ft.
SOLUTION
For Wmin , M D = −40 lb ⋅ ft
ΣM D = 0: ( 40 lb )(8 ft ) − Wmin ( 5 ft ) + ( 40 lb )( 4 ft ) − 40 lb ⋅ ft =0
∴ Wmin = 88.0 lb
For Wmax , M D = 40 lb ⋅ ft
ΣM D = 0: ( 40 lb )(8 ft ) − Wmax ( 5 ft ) + ( 40 lb )( 4 ft ) + 40 lb ⋅ ft =0
∴ Wmax = 104.0 lb
or 88.0 lb ≤ W ≤ 104.0 lb
PROBLEM 4.154
Determine the reactions at A and D when β = 30°.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d. of frame ABCD
ΣM D = 0: − A ( 0.18 m ) + (150 N ) sin 30°  ( 0.10 m )
+ (150 N ) cos 30° ( 0.28 m ) = 0
∴ A = 243.74 N
or A = 244 N
ΣFx = 0: ( 243.74 N ) + (150 N ) sin 30° + Dx =0
∴ Dx = −318.74 N
ΣFy = 0: Dy − (150 N ) cos 30° = 0
∴ Dy = 129.904 N
Then D= ( Dx )2 + Dx2 = ( 318.74 )2 + (129.904 )2 = 344.19 N
 Dy  −1  129.904 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = −22.174°
D
 x  −318.74 
or D = 344 N 22.2°
PROBLEM 4.155
Determine the reactions at A and D when β = 60°.
SOLUTION
ΣM D = 0: − A ( 0.18 m ) + (150 N ) sin 60° ( 0.10 m )
+ (150 N ) cos 60° ( 0.28 m ) = 0
∴ A = 188.835 N
or A = 188.8 N
ΣFx = 0: (188.835 N ) + (150 N ) sin 60° + Dx =0
∴ Dx = −318.74 N
ΣFy = 0: Dy − (150 N ) cos 60° = 0
∴ Dy = 75.0 N
( Dx )2 + ( Dy )
2
Then D= = ( 318.74 )2 + ( 75.0 )2 = 327.44 N
 Dy  −1  75.0 
and θ = tan −1   = tan   = −13.2409°
 Dx   −318.74 
or D = 327 N 13.24°
PROBLEM 4.156
A 2100-lb tractor is used to lift 900 lb of gravel. Determine the reaction at
each of the two (a) rear wheels A, (b) front wheels B.
SOLUTION
(a) From f.b.d. of tractor
ΣM B = 0: ( 2100 lb )( 40 in.) − ( 2 A)( 60 in.) − ( 900 lb )( 50 in.) = 0

∴ A = 325 lb or A = 325 lb
(b) From f.b.d. of tractor
ΣM A = 0: ( 2B )( 60 in.) − ( 2100 lb )( 20 in.) − ( 900 lb )(110 in.) = 0

∴ B = 1175 lb or B = 1175 lb
PROBLEM 4.157
A tension of 5 lb is maintained in a tape as it passes the support system
shown. Knowing that the radius of each pulley is 0.4 in., determine the
reaction at C.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d. of system
ΣFx = 0: C x + ( 5 lb ) = 0
∴ Cx = −5 lb
ΣFy = 0: C y − ( 5 lb ) = 0
∴ C y = 5 lb
( Cx )2 + ( C y )
2
Then C = = ( 5 )2 + ( 5 )2 = 7.0711 lb
 +5 
and θ = tan −1   = −45°
 −5 
or C = 7.07 lb 45.0°
ΣM C = 0: M C + ( 5 lb )( 6.4 in.) + ( 5 lb )( 2.2 in.) = 0
∴ M C = −43.0 lb ⋅ in or M C = 43.0 lb ⋅ in.

PROBLEM 4.158
Solve Problem 4.157 assuming that 0.6-in.-radius pulleys are used.
P4.157 A tension of 5 lb is maintained in a tape as it passes the support
system shown. Knowing that the radius of each pulley is 0.4 in., determine
the reaction at C.
SOLUTION
From f.b.d of system
ΣFx = 0: C x + ( 5 lb ) = 0
∴ Cx = −5 lb
ΣFy = 0: C y − ( 5 lb ) = 0
∴ C y = 5 lb
( C x )2 + ( C y )
2
Then C = = ( 5 )2 + ( 5 )2 = 7.0711 lb
 5 
and θ = tan −1   = −45.0°
 −5 
or C = 7.07 lb 45.0°
ΣM C = 0: M C + ( 5 lb )( 6.6 in.) + ( 5 lb )( 2.4 in.) = 0
∴ M C = −45.0 lb ⋅ in.
or M C = 45.0 lb ⋅ in.
PROBLEM 4.159
The bent rod ABEF is supported by bearings at C and D and by wire AH.
Knowing that portion AB of the rod is 250 mm long, determine (a) the
tension in wire AH, (b) the reactions at C and D. Assume that the bearing
at D does not exert any axial thrust.
SOLUTION
(a) From f.b.d. of bent rod
( )
ΣM CD = 0: λ CD ⋅ rH /B × T + λ CD ⋅ rF /E × F = 0 ( )
where λ CD = i
rH /B = ( 0.25 m ) j
T = λ AH T
=
( y AH ) j − ( z AH ) k T
( y AH )2 + ( z AH )2
y AH = ( 0.25 m ) − ( 0.25 m ) sin 30°
= 0.125 m
z AH = ( 0.25 m ) cos 30°
= 0.21651 m
T
∴T= ( 0.125j − 0.21651k )
0.25
rF /E = ( 0.25 m ) k
F = −400 N j
1 0 0 1 0 0
 T 
∴ 0 1 0 ( )
0.25  0 0 1 ( 0.25 )( 400 N ) = 0
+
 0.25 
0 0.125 −0.21651 0 −1 0
−0.21651T + 0.25 ( 400 N ) = 0
∴ T = 461.88 N
or T = 462 N
(b) From f.b.d. of bent rod

ΣFx = 0: C x = 0
ΣM D( z -axis ) = 0: − ( 461.88 N ) sin 30°  ( 0.35 m ) − C y ( 0.3 m )
− ( 400 N )( 0.05 m ) = 0
∴ C y = −336.10 N
ΣM D( y -axis ) = 0: Cz ( 0.3 m ) − ( 461.88 N ) cos 30°  ( 0.35 m ) = 0
∴ Cz = 466.67 N
or C = − ( 336 N ) j + ( 467 N ) k
ΣFy = 0: Dy − 336.10 N + ( 461.88 N ) sin 30° − 400 N = 0
∴ Dy = 505.16 N
ΣFz = 0: Dz + 466.67 N − ( 461.88 N ) cos30° = 0
∴ Dz = −66.670 N
or D = ( 505 N ) j − ( 66.7 N ) k
PROBLEM 4.160
For the beam and loading shown, determine (a) the reaction at A, (b) the
tension in cable BC.
SOLUTION
(a) From f.b.d of beam
ΣFx = 0: Ax = 0
ΣM B = 0: (15 lb )( 28 in.) + ( 20 lb )( 22 in.) + ( 35 lb )(14 in.)

+ ( 20 lb )( 6 in.) − Ay ( 6 in.) = 0
∴ Ay = 245 lb
or A = 245 lb
(b) From f.b.d of beam
ΣM A = 0: (15 lb )( 22 in.) + ( 20 lb )(16 in.) + ( 35 lb )(8 in.)
− (15 lb )( 6 in.) − TB ( 6 in.) = 0
∴ TB = 140.0 lb
or TB = 140.0 lb
Check:
ΣFy = 0: −15 lb − 20 lb − 35 lb − 20 lb
− 15 lb − 140 lb + 245 lb = 0?
245 lb − 245 lb = 0 ok
PROBLEM 4.161
Frame ABCD is supported by a ball-and-socket joint at A and by three
cables. For a = 150 mm, determine the tension in each cable and the
reaction at A.
SOLUTION
− ( 0.48 m ) i + ( 0.14 m ) j
( 0.48)2 + ( 0.14 )2 m
−0.48i + 0.14 j
= TDG
0.50
TDG
= ( 24i + 7 j)
25
− ( 0.48 m ) i + ( 0.2 m ) k
TBE = λ BETBE = TBE
( 0.48)2 + ( 0.2 )2 m
−0.48i + 0.2k
= TBE
0.52
TBE
= ( −12 j + 5k )
13
 7 
ΣM x = 0:  TDG  ( 0.3 m ) − ( 350 N )( 0.15 m ) = 0
 25 
or TDG = 625 N
 24   5 
ΣM y = 0:  × 625 N  ( 0.3 m ) −  TBE  ( 0.48 m ) = 0
 25   13 
or TBE = 975 N
 7 
ΣM z = 0: TCF ( 0.14 m ) +  × 625 N  ( 0.48 m )
 25 
− ( 350 N )( 0.48 m ) = 0
or TCF = 600 N
ΣFx = 0: Ax + TCF + (TBE ) x + (TDG ) x = 0
 12   24 
Ax − 600 N −  × 975 N  −  × 625 N  = 0
 13   25 
∴ Ax = 2100 N
ΣFy = 0: Ay + (TDG ) y − 350 N = 0
 7 
Ay +  × 625 N  − 350 N = 0
 25 
∴ Ay = 175.0 N
ΣFz = 0: Az + (TBE ) z = 0
5 
Az +  × 975 N  = 0
 13 
∴ Az = −375 N
Therefore A = ( 2100 N ) i + (175.0 N ) j − ( 375 N ) k

PROBLEM 4.162
Frame ABCD is supported by a ball-and-socket joint at A and by three
cables. Knowing that the 350-N load is applied at D (a = 300 mm),
determine the tension in each cable and the reaction at A.
SOLUTION
− ( 0.48 m ) i + ( 0.14 m ) j
( 0.48)2 + ( 0.14 )2 m
−0.48i + 0.14 j
= TDG
0.50
TDG
= ( 24i + 7 j)
25
− ( 0.48 m ) i + ( 0.2 m ) k
TBE = λ BETBE = TBE
( 0.48)2 + ( 0.2 )2 m
−0.48i + 0.2k
= TBE
0.52
TBE
= ( −12i + 5k )
13
From f.b.d of frame ABCD
 7 
ΣM x = 0:  TDG  ( 0.3 m ) − ( 350 N )( 0.3 m ) = 0
 25 
or TDG = 1250 N
 24   5 
ΣM y = 0:  × 1250 N  ( 0.3 m ) −  TBE  ( 0.48 m ) = 0
 25   13 
or TBE = 1950 N
 7 
ΣM z = 0: TCF ( 0.14 m ) +  × 1250 N  ( 0.48 m )
 25 
− ( 350 N )( 0.48 m ) = 0
or TCF = 0
ΣFx = 0: Ax + TCF + (TBE ) x + (TDG ) x = 0
 12   24 
Ax + 0 −  × 1950 N  −  × 1250 N  = 0
 13   25 
∴ Ax = 3000 N
ΣFy = 0: Ay + (TDG ) y − 350 N = 0
 7 
Ay +  × 1250 N  − 350 N = 0
 25 
∴ Ay = 0
ΣFz = 0: Az + (TBE ) z = 0
5 
Az +  × 1950 N  = 0
 13 
∴ Az = −750 N
Therefore A = ( 3000 N ) i − ( 750 N ) k

PROBLEM 4.163
In the problems listed below, the rigid bodies considered were completely
constrained and the reactions were statically determinate. For each of
these rigid bodies it is possible to create an improper set of constraints by
changing a dimension of the body. In each of the following problems
determine the value of a which results in improper constraints.
(a) Problem 4.81, (b) Problem 4.82.
SOLUTION
(a)
(a) ΣM B = 0: ( 300 lb )(16 in.) − T (16 in.) + T ( a ) = 0
or T =
( 300 lb )(16 in.)
(16 − a ) in.
∴ T becomes infinite when
16 − a = 0
or a = 16.00 in.
 8 
(b) ΣM C = 0: (T − 80 N )( 0.2 m ) −  T  ( 0.175 m )
(b)  17 
 15 
−  T  ( 0.4 m − a ) = 0
 17 
0.2T − 16.0 − 0.82353T − 0.35294T + 0.88235Ta = 0
16.0
or T =
0.88235a − 0.23529
∴ T becomes infinite when
0.88235a − 0.23529 = 0
a = 0.26666 m
or a = 267 mm

Statics Chapter 4

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Statics Chapter 4

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PROBLEM 4.

ΣM B = 0: (15.696 kN ) ( 6 cos15° − 4.3) m  − ( 42.183 kN ) ( 4.3 + 0.4 ) m 

Check: ΣFy = 0: ( 33.613 − 42.183 + 24.266 − 15.696 ) kN = 0?

(a) From f.b.d. of diving board

(b) From f.b.d. of diving board

Check: ΣFy = 0: ( −1182.43 + 2487.2 − 637.65 − 274.68 − 392.4 ) N = 0?

(a) From f.b.d. of truck

Check: ΣFy = 0: ( −250 + 1668.37 − 250 − 3000 + 1831.63) lb = 0?

(a) From f.b.d. of truck

Check: ΣFy = 0:  2 ( 751 + 874 ) − 3000 − 250  lb = 0?

From f.b.d. of bracket

From f.b.d. of bracket

The amin value will be based on A = 0

From f.b.d. of bracket

a1 = ( 20 in.) sin α − ( 8 in.) cos α

a2 = ( 32 in.) cos α − ( 20 in.) sin α

From f.b.d. of hand truck

a2 = 32cos 35° − 20sin 35° = 14.7413 in.

b = 64cos 35° = 52.426 in.

a1 = ( 20 in.) sin α − ( 8 in.) cos α

a2 = ( 32 in.) cos α − ( 20 in.) sin α

From f.b.d. of hand truck

a2 = 32cos 40° − 20sin 40° = 11.6577 in.

b = 64cos 40° = 49.027 in.

ΣM F = 0: ( mA g )( 2.5 m ) + ( 4.5g )(1.6 m )

ΣM E = 0: mA g ( 0.5 m ) − ( 4.5g )( 0.4 m ) − (14 g )(1 m )

For (TC )max, TB = 0

ΣM O = 0: (TC )max ( 0.120 m ) − ( 400 N )( 0.060 m ) = 0

(TC )max = 200 N > Tmax = 180 N

∴ (TC )max = 180.0 N

For (TC )min , TB = Tmax = 180 N

ΣM O = 0: (TC )min ( 0.120 m ) + (180 N )( 0.040 m )

∴ (TC )min = 140.0 N

Therefore, 140.0 N ≤ TC ≤ 180.0 N

From f.b.d. of beam

ΣFy = 0: A + B − (100 + 200 + 300 ) N = 0

ΣM A = 0: (100 N )( d ) − ( 200 N )( 0.9 − d ) − ( 300 N )(1.8 − d )

720 − 1.8 ( 360 )

1.8 ( 360 ) − 360

From f.b.d of beam

ΣFy = 0: A + B − (160 + 200 + 300 ) N = 0

ΣM A = 0: 160 N ( d ) − 200 N ( 0.9 − d ) − 300 N (1.8 − d )

720 − 1.8 ( 360 )

1.8 ( 360 ) − 468

For the force of P to be a minimum, A = 0.

ΣM B = 0: Pmin ( 6 ft ) − ( 6 kips )( 2 ft ) − ( 6 kips )( 4 ft ) = 0

∴ Pmin = 6.00 kips

For the force P to be a maximum, A = A max = 45 kips

ΣM B = 0: − ( 45 kips )( 9 ft ) + Pmax ( 6 ft ) − ( 6 kips )( 2 ft ) − ( 6 kips )( 4 ft ) = 0

∴ Pmax = 73.5 kips

ΣFy = 0: 45 kips − 73.5 kips + B − 6 kips − 6 kips = 0

∴ B = 40.5 kips < 45 kips ∴ ok or Pmax = 73.5 kips

and 6.00 kips ≤ P ≤ 73.5 kips

To determine amax the two 150-lb forces need to be as close to B without

ΣM D = 0: − (150 lb ) ( amax − 4 in.) − (150 lb ) ( amax − 1 in.)

− ( 25 lb )( 2 in.) + (100 lb )( 8 in.) = 0

or amax = 5.00 in.

To determine amin the two 150-lb forces need to be as close to A without

ΣM D = 0: (150 lb )( 4 in. − amin ) − (150 lb )( amin − 1 in.)

or amin = 1.00 in.

Note: From f.b.d. of ABCD

ΣFx = 0: C x + 14 N + ( 28 N ) cos 60° = 0

ΣFy = 0: C y − 21 N + ( 28 N ) sin 60° = 0