EXTRACTION

SARTE, Mary Catherine

SY, John Emmanuel
UMEL, Allurie
YAP, Franklin John
YOU, Mary Christine

ABSTRACT
Caffeine was extracted from dried tea leaves by multiple extraction technique. The extract of tea leaves was
boiled in a solution of anhydrous sodium carbonate and 100 ml distilled water and was extracted three times using 20
ml of dichloromethane. The residue was collected by decanting the mixture of organic extract and anhydrous sodium
sulfate and evaporating it to dryness. The percentage yield was computed by getting the ratio of the weight of the
crude caffeine (residue) and weight of the tea leaves used.

INTRODUCTION
Extraction is the process of obtaining a
substance from a mixture or compound using
chemical, physical, or mechanical means. The
theory of extraction lies in the concept of
immiscibility between two phases to separate a
solute from the other phase. There are two main
types of extraction in chemistry namely: Liquid-
liquid extraction (also known as Solvent
extraction or Partitioning), which is further divided
into two types (simple and multiple), and Solid-
liquid extraction. The type of extraction used in
this experiment was Multiple Liquid-liquid
extraction. In this experiment, the group should
be able to attain the following objectives:
B.) Extraction
A solution of 4.4 g. anhydrous sodium
carbonate and 100 ml distilled water in an
Erlenmeyer flask was heated in a water bath until
the anhydrous sodium carbonate dissolved.
15.6g. of tea leaves contained in a tea bag was
added to the mixture. The tea mixture was left to
boil and upon the first sign of bubbles, the tea
mixture was timed to boil for 10 minutes.

(1) Extract caffeine from dried tea leaves.

(2) Know the amount of caffeine present in the
tea leaves, and
(3) Calculate the percentage yield of caffeine of
tea leaves.

EXPERIMENTAL
A.) Weight of specimen (before extraction)
The weight of tea leaves used and empty
evaporating dish was obtained using an
analytical balance.

Fig 1.1 Materials for Extraction

The tea bag was removed from the

Erlenmeyer flask and its excess liquid was
collected by pressing it against the side of the
flask using a glass rod. 20 ml dichloromethane
was added to the aqueous solution in a
separatoryfunnel. It was left to stand for 2
minutes (or more) until the separation between
two layers was clearly visible.
Fig 1.0 Weight of the Specimen

Fig. 1.2 Procedure of the Experiment
The organic layer was drained into a clean
Erlenmeyer flask and the aqueous layer was
discarded. This procedure was repeated for three
times and all the organic layers obtained were
combined. Half a spatula of anhydrous sodium
sulfate was added to the extract in an Erlenmeyer
flask. The solution was decanted onto a tared
evaporating dish and was evaporated to dryness.
Fig. 1.3 Organic Phase and Aqueous Phase
C.) Weight of specimen (after extraction)
The weight of the evaporating dish
containing the crude caffeine (residue) was
obtained using an analytical balance. The weight
of the crude caffeine was obtained by subtracting
the weight of the empty evaporating dish to the
weight of the evaporating dish containing the
crude caffeine (residue).
Fig. 1.4 Weight of the Caffeine after Extraction
D.) Percentage yield
The percentage yield was obtained by
getting the ratio of the weight of the crude
caffeine (residue) and the weight of the tea leaves
used, then multiplying it by 100%.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
After subjecting the tea mixture tothe
entire process of extraction, decantation, and
evaporation, crude caffeine was successfully
collected. 0.4 g. of crude caffeine was collected
from 15.6 g. of tea leaves. A percentage yield of
(insert) was computed after getting the ratio of
the weight of caffeine (residue) and weight of tea
leaves used then multiplying it by 100%. This
means that for every 15.6 g. of tea leaves, an
amount of 0.4 g. of caffeine can be collected
using the technique of multiple liquid-liquid
extraction and this 0.4 g. of caffeine constitutes
of the tea leaves.
Fig. 2 (Schematic Diagram)
 DATA OBTAINED Date accessed: 07/ 27/ 2009 9:01 P.M.
WEIGHT OF TEA 15.60 g
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/extraction
LEAVES USED
WEIGHT OF EMPTY 112.20 g Date accessed: 07/ 27/ 2009 8:56 P.M.
EVAPORATING DISH +
WEIGHT OF CRUDE http://www.tutorbene.com/cms_images/LIQUID-
CAFFEINE (RESIDUE) LIQUID%20EXTRACTION.bmp

WEIGHT OF EMPTY 111.80 g Date accessed: 07/ 27/ 2009 9:19 P.M.
EVAPORATING DISH
WEIGHT OF 0.40 g
CAFFEINE
(RESIDUE)
Percentage Yield 2.56%

Table 1.0 Data Obtained

Computations:

% Yield= wt. of residue

_______________ x100
%%%
Wt. of tea leaves

= 0.40 g
_______________ x100
15.60 g

% Yield= 2.564% or 2.56%

REFERENCES
BOOKS

Bell, Charles. Organic Chemistry Laboratory with

Qualitative Analysis Standard and Microscale
Experiments.3rd ed. California, U.S.

Holland, C. (1975). Fundamentals and modeling of

separation processes : Absorption, distillation,
evaporation, and extraction. Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey: Prentice-Hall.

Vollhardt, Peter. Organic Chemistry Structure and

Function. 5th ed. New York: W.H. Freeman and
Company, 2007. 968-969.

(2010). CUBoulder Organic Chemistry Undergraduate

Courses. Retrieved July 16, 2010, from CUBoulder,
Colorado.

WEBSITES

http://www.chemicool.com/definition/extraction.html

Date accessed: 07/ 27/ 2009 8:58 P.M.

http://orgchem.colorado.edu/hndbksupport/ext/ext.ht
ml