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2
1 + log5 x – =2
log 5 x
2
log5 x – =1
log 5 x
Let y = log5 x
2
y– =1
y
y2 – 2 = y
y2 – y – 2 = 0
(y – 2)(y + 1) = 0
y = 2 or y = –1
log5 x = 2 or log5 x = –1
x = 52 or x = 5–1
1
x = 25 or x =
5
2. 2(4x) = 2y – 2 --- (1)
ex(e3y – 2) = 1 --- (2)
px2 – qx + p = 0
qr (q ) 2 4( p )( p )
x =
2( p )
qr q2 4p2
=
2p
2p r (2 p) 2 4 p 2
Since q = 2p, x=
2p
=1
Therefore, the x-coordinate of A is 1.
5. (a) Let f(x) = x3 – x2 – ax – b,
f(x) has a factor (x – 3) f(3) = 0
(3)3 – (3)2 – a(3) – b = 0
27 – 9 – 3a – b = 0
3a + b = 18 --- (1)
f(x) has a remainder –63 when divided by (x + 4) f(–4) = –63
(–4)3 – (–4)2 – a(–4) – b = –63
–64 – 16 + 4a – b = –63
4a – b = 17 --- (2)
Solve simultaneous equations (1) and (2): a = 5, b = 3
x2 2x 1
(b) f(x) = x3 – x2 – 5x – 3 x 3 x x2 5x 3
3
When f(x) = 0, x3 3x 2
2 x2 5x
x3 – x2 – 5x – 3 = 0 --- (3)
2x2 6x
(x – 3)(x2 + 2x + 1) = 0 x3
(x – 3)(x + 1)2 = 0 --- (4) x3
0
x = 3 or x = –1
sin 2 A § 2 cos 2 A 1 ·
= ¨¨ ¸¸
cos 2 A © cos A ¹
2 sin A cos A § cos 2 A ·
= ¨ ¸
cos 2 A © cos A ¹
= 2 si n A (shown)
7. (a)
y
(1.5, 1)
1
x
-1 0 1 2 3
-2
(3, -2)
(-1, -4) -4
The range is -4 d y d 1.
x (2 x 6) x 9
(b) t3
2
x(2x + 6) – x – 9 d –6 (multiply both sides by –2)
2x2 + 6x – x – 9 d –6
2x2 + 5x – 3 d 0
(2x – 1)(x + 3) d 0
+ – +
x
–3 0.5
Hence, –3 d x d 0.5
8. (a) Let the coordinates of B be (x, y).
Since length of AB = 6 2 ,
( x 2) 2 ( y 2) 2 6 2
1
= >(0)(2) (2)(4) (8)(7) (5)(0)@ >(0)(2) (2)(8) (4)(5) (7)(0)@
2
1
= 64 4
2
= 30 uni t s 2
y3
9. (a) Let Y and X = x,
2x
Y2 Y1
Gradient of the line, m =
X 2 X1
62
=
24
4
=
2
= –2
Equation of the line is Y – Y1 = m(X – X1)
Y – 2 = –2(X – 4) [ Using the point (4, 2) ]
Y – 2 = –2X + 8
Y = –2X + 10
y3 y3
Replacing Y by and X by x: = –2x + 10
2x 2x
y – 3 = –4x2 + 20x
y = –4x2 + 20x + 3 --- (1)
1
The power of x in (r + 1) term is 3(8 – r) r
2
1 1 1
For , the power of x is 3(8 – r) r =
x 2 2
1 1
24 – 3r r =
2 2
1 1
3 r = 24
2 2
r =7
7
1 §8· 3 8 – 7 § · 1 ·
The term in is ¨¨ ¸¸ (x ) ¨ 1 ¸ = (8)(x3) §¨
¨ 2 x¸ 3.5 ¸
x ©7¹
7
© ¹ © 2 x ¹
1
=
16 x
1 1
Hence, the coefficient of is .
x 16
§ 5 1 3· § 3x ·
5 ª § 5 ·§ 3 x ·
2
º
(b) ¨ mx x ¸ ¨1 ¸ = §¨ mx 5 1 x 3 ·¸ «15 ... ¨¨ ¸¸¨ ¸ ...»
© 5 ¹© 2 ¹ © 5 ¹ ¬« © 2 ¹© 2 ¹ »¼
ª 45 x 2 º
= §¨ mx 5 1 x 3 ·¸ «15 ... ...»
© 5 ¹¬ 2 ¼
§ 1 · § 45 ·
The coefficient of x5 is (m)(1) + ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ = 12
© 5¹ © 2 ¹
1
m– 4 = 12
2
1
m = 16
2
3x 4 6
11. (a) y =
x2
6
= 3x 2
x2
= 3x2 – 6x–2
dy
= 6x + 12x–3
dx
12
= 6x
x3
12
For x > 0, 6x > 0 and > 0,
x3
12 dy
thus 6 x >0 >0
x3 dx
? y increases as x increases.
(b) d
dx
>
(2 x 1) x3 @ = (2 x 1) d
dx
x3 x3
d
dx
(2 x 1)
= (2 x 1) 1
x 3 (2)
2 x3
= (2 x 1) 4 ( x 3)
2 x3
= 6 x 11 (shown)
2 x3
6 12 x 22 6 2(6 x 11)
³ dx = ³ dx
1
x3 1
x3
= 4 ³ (6 x 11) dx
6
1
2 x3
>
= 4 (2 x 1) x3 @ 6
1
= 4 > 33 2@
= 124
12. (a) s = 2t2 – 4t + 9
When t = 0, s = 2(0)2 – 4(0) + 9
= 9 --- (1)
? Distance AB is 9 m.
(b) v = 4t – 4
At instantaneous rest, v = 0.
4t – 4 = 0
t=1
When t = 1, s = 2(1)2 – 4(1) + 9
= 2–4+9
= 7 --- (2)
? Distance from A is 7 m.
(c) From (1): when t = 0, s = 9.
From (2): when t = 1, s = 7.
When t = 3, s = 2(3)2 – 4(3) + 9
= 15.
? Distance travelled = (9 – 7) + (15 – 7) m
= 10 m
(d) a = t–8
v = ³ (t 8) dt
2
= t 8t c --- (3)
2
Since instantaneous velocity remains unchanged,
2
v = 0, t = 1, equation (3) becomes 0 = 1 8(1) c
2
c = 7.5
2
v = t 8t 7.5
2
When v = 0,
t2
8t 7.5 = 0
2
t 2 – 16 t + 15 = 0
(t – 15)(t – 1) = 0
t = 15 or 1 (reject) ? The next value of t is 15.