2007 Paper 1 Solutions

2x2 – x – 19 2x2 – x – 19 – (x2 + 3x + 2) x2 – 4x – 21

2
x + 3x + 2 – 1 = x2 + 3x + 2 = x2 + 3x + 2 (Shown)

2x2 – x – 19
x2 + 3x + 2 > 1
2x2 – x – 19
x2 + 3x + 2 – 1 > 0
x2 – 4x – 21
x2 + 3x + 2 > 0
(x + 3)(x – 7) + – + – +
(x + 2)(x + 1) > 0 –3 –2 –1 7

∴x < –3 or –2 < x < –1 or x > 7

2(i) Rg = [0, ∞) ⊄ Df
Hence fg does not exist.

Rf = IR \{0} ⊆ Dg
Hence gf exists.
1 1 1
gf(x) = g( x – 3 ) = (x – 3)2 ∴gf : x → (x – 3)2 , x ∈IR, x ≠ 3
 1
(ii) Let y = x – 3 , x ≠ 3
1
x–3=y
1
x=y+3
1
∴f –1 : x → x + 3, x ∈IR , x ≠ 0

(1) Check that the circle

3(a) passes through origin. When
z = 0, |2‐3i| = sq rt 13.
Drawing accurately using the
3 same scale in both axes also
help realize this.
13
(2) Label centre and radius.
–2

(b) ww* + 2w = 3 + 4i
(a + ib)(a – ib) + 2(a+ib) = 3 +4i
a2 + b2 + 2a + 2ib = 3 + 4i
Comparing imag. parts: 2b = 4 ⇒ b = 2
Comparing real parts: a2 + 4 + 2a = 3
a2 + 2a + 1 = 0
(a + 1)2 = 0 ⇒ a = –1
∴w = –1 + 2i
 dI
4. 4 dt = 2 – 3I
1
4 ∫ 2 – 3I dI = ∫ dt
Alternatively, you can solve for
4 –3
– 3 ∫ 2 – 3I dI = ∫ dt 4
c = − ln 4 and then obtain
4 3
– 3 ln | 2 – 3I | = t + c 3
− t
| 2 – 3I | = 4e 4 which can be
3
ln | 2 – 3I | = – 4 (t + c) simplified to either
3
− t
| 2 – 3I | = e–3(t+c)/4 2 – 3I = 4 e 4 or
2 – 3I = ± e –3t/4 –3c/4
e = Ae –3t/4
3
− t
1 −( 2 – 3I ) = 4e 4 .
I = 3 (2 – Ae–3t/4)
1 The latter is correct as t = 0 , I = 2
I = 2 when t = 0 ⇒ 2 = 3 (2 – A)
satisfy the equation.
⇒ A = –4
2
∴I = 3 (1 + 2e–3t/4)
2
For large values of t, I → 3 . The current tends towards 2/3.
 2x + 7 2(x + 2) + 3 3
5. y= x+2 = x+2 = 2 + x+2 ∴A = 2, B = 3
1
y=x
↓ translate 2 units in the negative x-direction Your description of the
1
y=x+2 transformations should be formal
↓ scale // y–axis by factor of 3 rather than left right up down.
3
y=x+2+2
↓ translate 2 units in the positive y-direction
3 2x + 7
5. y=2+x+2= x+2

7
(0, 2 )
y=2

7
(– 2 , 0)
x = –2
 → → ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛2⎞
6(i) OA • OB = ⎜⎜–1⎟⎟ • ⎜⎜4⎟⎟ = 2 – 4 + 2 = 0
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝1⎠
Hence OA ⊥ OB. Check your cross product by
→ → performing a dot product
→ 2OA + OB 1 ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ 1 ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟
1 2 4
with the OA and OC vectors
(ii) OM = 3 = 3 (2 ⎜–1⎟ + ⎜4⎟ ) = 3 ⎜2⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝1⎠ ⎝5⎠ and obtaining zero will
(iii) Area of triangle OAC ensure that the answer is
right.
1 → →
= 2 | OA × OC |

1 ⎪⎪⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟⎪⎪ 1 ⎪⎪⎛⎜

–2 – 4 ⎞⎪
1 ⎪⎪⎛⎜ ⎞⎟⎪⎪ ⎪⎪⎛⎜ ⎞⎟⎪⎪
1 –4 –6 3
⎟ ⎪
= 2 ⎪⎜–1⎟ × ⎜ 2 ⎟⎪ = 2 ⎪⎜–(2 + 8)⎟⎪ = 2 ⎪⎜–10⎟⎪ = ⎪⎜5⎟⎪ = 32 + 52 + 12 = 35
⎪⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎪ ⎪⎝ 2 – 4 ⎠⎪ ⎪⎝ –2 ⎠⎪ ⎪⎝1⎠⎪
7(i) A second root is z = re–iθ
A quadratic factor of P(z) is (z – reiθ)(z – re–iθ)
= z2 – z(reiθ + re–iθ) + reiθ re–iθ
= z2 – rz(cos θ + i sin θ + cos θ – i sin θ) + r2 eiθ–iθ
= z2 – 2rz cos θ + r2 (Shown) Argument of −64 is π and
modulus is 1.
(ii) z6 = –64 = 64eiπ = 26 ei(π+2kπ)
π kπ k can also be from 0 to 5.
i(6 + 3 ) Both acceptable though here
z = 2e , k = –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2
it is better to have the angles
in + and − relationship.
(iii) z = 2e–5iπ/6, 2e–iπ/2, 2e–iπ/6, 2eiπ/6, 2eiπ/2, 2e5iπ/6
π π 5π
z6 + 64 = (z2 – 4z cos 6 + 22)(z2 – 4z cos 2 + 22)(z2 – 4z cos 6 + 22)
3 3
= (z2 – 4z 2 + 4)(z2 + 4)(z2 + 4z 2 + 4) Question says non-trigo from
= (z2 – 2 3 z + 4)(z2 + 4)(z2 +2 3 z + 4) π
means evaluate cos 6 .
 → ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟
–2 1 –3
8. AB = ⎜ ⎟ – ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ 1 ⎟
3 2
⎝ 1 ⎠ ⎝4⎠ ⎝–3⎠
⎛1⎞ ⎛–3⎞
Equation of l is r = ⎜2⎟ + λ⎜⎜ 1 ⎟⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝4⎠ ⎝–3⎠
⎛1 – 3λ⎞ ⎛ 3 ⎞
Substitute eqn of l into eqn of p: ⎜⎜ 2 + λ ⎟⎟ • ⎜⎜–1⎟⎟ = 17
⎝4 – 3λ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
1
3 – 9λ – 2 – λ + 8 – 6λ = 17 ⇒ 16λ = –8 ⇒ λ = – 2
3 1 3
∴point of intersection = (1 + 2 , 2 – 2 , 4 + 2 ) = (2.5, 1.5, 5.5)

⎪ ⎛–3⎞ ⎛ 3 ⎞
⎜ 1 ⎟ • ⎜–1⎟ ⎪
⎪ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎪
⎝–3⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
cos θ =⎪ ⎪ ⎪–9 – 1 – 6⎪⎪= 16
2 =⎪
(ii)
⎪ 3 +1 +3 3 +1 +2 ⎪ ⎪ 19 14⎪
2 2 2 2 2
19 14
θ = 11.180°
Answer = 90° − 11.180 = 78.8° (to 1 decimal place)

(iii) One point, C on plane p is (1, 0, 7).

⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛ 0 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
CA = ⎜ 2 ⎟ − ⎜ 0 ⎟ = ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎜ 4 ⎟ ⎜ 7 ⎟ ⎜ −3 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

∧
⎛0⎞⎛3⎞
1 ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ 8
Distance = CAin = 2 i −1 = or 2.14 (to 3 s.f.)
9 + 1 + 4 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ 14
⎝ −3 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
9(i) From GC α = 0.619, β = 1.512 (to 3 decimal places)

(ii) Let the sequence converge to a value x.

i.e. xn → x and xn+1 → x as n → ∞
1
Then x satisfies x = 3 ex ⇒ 3x = ex ⇒ ex − 3x = 0.
Since α and β are the roots to ex − 3x = 0, x is either α or β.
(iii)

Key into GC and change

u(nMin) = 0, 1, 2 to see
the respective
behaviours in the table.

If x1 = 0 or 1, the sequence converges to the value α = 0.619

In GC, when x1 = 2, the terms
If x1 = 2, the sequence diverges. gets very large by x6 and error
after that because it is too big
for the GC to display.

(iv) xn+1 – xn
1 x 1 x
= 3 e n – xn = 3 (e n – 3xn)

1 x Treat xn as x – they are just

From the graph, this is 3 (e n – 3xn) < 0 if α < xn < β dummy variables.
1 x
But 3 (e n – 3xn) > 0 if xn < α or xn > β
Hence xn+1 < xn if α < xn < β,
xn+1 > xn if xn< α or xn > β

(v) Since 0 < α = 0.619, if x1 = 0, the sequence increases in value and approaches the
value α = 0.619.

Since α < 1 < β, if x1 = 1, the sequence decreases in value and approaches the
value α = 0.619.

Since 2 > β = 1.512, if x1 = 2, the sequence increases in value and approaches ∞.

This part is quite tough.
 1
10. a + 3d = ar ⇒ d = 3 (ar – a)
1
a + 5d = ar2 ⇒ d = 5 (ar2 – a)
Make d the subject so that we can eliminate it to get an equation in r.
1 1
∴5 (ar2 – a) = 3 (ar – a) [a is non zero, so can cancel away on both sides]
3(r2 – 1) = 5(r – 1)
3r2 – 5r + 2 = 0 (Shown)

(ii) (3r – 2)(r – 1) = 0

2 1
r = 3 , 1 (r = 1 is rejected since d = 3 (ar – a) = 0 but Q states d is non–zero)
2
Since | r | = 3 < 1, the geometric series is convergent. Here you have to give a reason why
r = 1 is rejected as the question ask
a you to show convergent so it is
S∞ = 2 = 3a
obvious r =1 has to be rejected.
1–3
1 2 a
(iii) d = 3 ( 3 a – a) = – 9
n a
S = 2 [2a – (n – 1) 9 ] > 4a
n 19 n
2( 9 –9)>4 [a can be cancelled away without affecting the inequality sign as a>0]
2
19n – n > 72
n2 – 19n + 72 < 0. Show graph below.

From GC, 5.2 < n < 13.8

Hence set of possible values of n = {6, 7, 8, ..., 13}.
11i)
1 Sketched for the required domain
for t. Go windows to change.

1 It is a curve, not a straight line.

Label intercepts.

dx
(ii) dt = 2 cos t (– sin t)
dy 2
dt = 3 sin t cos t 1
dy 3 sin2 t cos t 3
dx = – 2 cos t sin t = – 2 sin t
1
3
Gradient at the point is – 2 sin θ.
3
Equation of tangent is y – sin3 θ = – 2 sin θ (x – cos2 θ)
When y = 0,
3 2 2
2 sin θ (x – cos 2
θ) = sin3
θ ⇒ x – cos 2
θ = 3 sin θ
2
x = cos2 θ + 3 sin2 θ
When x = 0:
3 3
y – sin3 θ = 2 sin θ cos2 θ ⇒ y = sin3 θ + 2 sin θ cos2 θ
 Area of triangle OQR
1
= 2 OQ × OR
1 2 3
= 2 (cos2 θ + 3 sin2 θ)(sin3 θ + 2 sin θ cos2 θ)
1
= 12 sin θ (3 cos2 θ + 2 sin2 θ)(2 sin2 θ + 3 cos2 θ)
1
= 12 sin θ (3 cos2 θ + 2 sin2 θ)2

1 π
(iii) Area = ∫0 y dx When x = 0, cos t = 0 so t corresponds to .
π 2
When x = 0, t = 2 When x = 1, cos t = 1 so t corresponds to 0.
When x = 1, t = 0
0
=∫ sin3 t (–2 cos t sin t dt)
π/2
π/2
=2∫ cos t sin4 t dt (Shown)
0
Let u = sin t
du
dt = cos t
When t = 0, u = 0
π
When t = 2 , u = 1
1 u5 1 2
= 2 ∫0 u4 du = 2 [ 5 ]0 =5
2007 Paper 2 Solutions

Let x, y, z = price of 1 kg of pineapples, mangoes, lychees respectively

1.15x + 0.6y + 0.55z = 8.28
1.2x + 0.45y + 0.3z = 6.84
2.15x + 0.9y + 0.65z = 13.05
⎡ 1.15 0.6 0.55 8.28 ⎤
⎢ 1.2 0.45 0.3 6.84 ⎥ ⇒ By GC, x = 3.5, y = 2.6, z = 4.9
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 2.15 0.9 0.65 13.05 ⎦
∴Lee Lian paid = 1.3×3.5 + 0.25×2.6 + 0.5×4.9 = $7.65
 1
2(i) Let Pn be the statement: un = n2 , n ≥ 1
1
When n = 1: LHS = u1 = 1 RHS = 12 = 1 = LHS ∴P1 is true.
1
Assume that Pk is true for some k ≥ 1 i.e. uk = k2
1
Prove that Pk+1 is also true i.e. uk+1 = (k + 1)2
2k + 1
LHS = uk+1 = uk – k2(k + 1)2 [Recurrence relation given by Q]
1 2k + 1
= k2 – k2(k + 1)2 [By assumption]
(k + 1)2 – (2k + 1) k 2 + 2k + 1 − 2k − 1
= 2
k (k + 1) 2 =
(k + 1) 2
k2 1
= k2(k + 1)2 = (k + 1)2 = RHS
∴Pk true ⇒ Pk+1 true also.

Since P1 is true, and Pk true ⇒ Pk+1 true, by Mathematical Induction, Pn is true for all
n ≥ 1.
 N 2n + 1 N
(ii) ∑ n2(n + 1)2 = ∑ (un – un+1)
n=1 n=1
= u1 – u2
+ u2 – u3
+ u3 – u4
:
+ uN – uN+1
= u1 – uN+1 Remember it is N for
1 the last term not n.
= 1 – (N + 1)2

1
(iii) As N → ∞, (N + 1)2 → 0
N 2n + 1 1
Hence ∑ n2(n + 1)2 = 1 – (N + 1)2 is convergent.
n=1
Sum to infinity = 1 − 0 = 1  For sum to be convergent, it means when N goes
to infinity, the sum must tends towards a finite
number.

The sum to infinity is equal to 1,

NOT approximately 1.

|r| < 1 is only a condition for sum to be convergent

when it is a GP SUM. Not applicable in (iii) as it is
not a GP sum!

N 2n – 1 3 5 2N – 1
(iv) ∑ n2(n – 1)2 = 2212 + 3222 +...+ N2(N – 1)2
n=2

Compare to
N
2n + 1 2N +1
∑ n2 (n + 1)2 = 2 1
3 5 2N – 1
2 2 + 3222 +...+ N2(N – 1)2 +
n =1 N ( N + 1) 2
2

N 2n – 1 N–1 2n + 1 1 1
Therefore, ∑ n2(n – 1)2 = ∑ n2(n + 1)2 = 1 – = 1− N2
n=2 n=1 ( N − 1 + 1) 2
[Replace N by N−1 in the sum in (ii)]
3(i) Let y = (1 + x)n You should also know how to derive
dy n–1 the expansions of those in the
dx = n(1 + x) formula list by 1st principle like ex,
2
dy n–2 sin x, ln(1+x), cos x.
dx2 = n(n – 1)(1 + x)
d3y n–3
dx3 = n(n – 1)(n – 2)(1 + x)
dy d2y d3y
When x = 0, y = 1, dx = n, dx2 = n(n – 1), dx3 = n(n – 1)(n – 2).
n(n – 1) n(n – 1)(n – 2) 3
∴y = 1 + nx + 2! x2 + 3! x +...

You can double check your answer

with the expansion in the formula list!

(ii) (4 – x)3/2(1 + 2x2)3/2

x 3
= 43/2(1 – 4 )3/2(1 + 2 2x2 +...)
31 3 1⎛ 1⎞
–
3 x 2 2 x 2 2 2⎝ 2⎠ x 3
= 8(1 + 2 (– 4 ) + 2! (– 4 ) + 3! (– 4 ) +...)(1 + 3x2 +...)
3x 3x2 x3 3x 387x2 1151x3
= 8(1 – 8 + 128 + 1024 +...) (1 + 3x2 +...) = 8(1– 8 + 128 – 1024 +...)
387x2 1151x3
= 8 – 3x + 16 – 128 +...

x
(iii) The expansion is valid for | 4 | < 1 and | 2x2 | < 1

1 1 1
| x | < 4 ⇒ −4 < x < 4 and ⇒ −
2 x2 < 1 ⇒ x2 < <x<
2 2 2
1 1 1
Therefore, – <x< [ you can also give answer as x < .]
2 2 2
 5π/3 2 5π/3 1 – cos 2x Exact value means you have to
4(i) ∫ sin x dx = ∫ 2 dx
0 0 perform integration and also evaluate
1
=2[x– 2 ]
sin 2x 5π/3 1 5π
=2[ 3 + 4 ]
3 π 3
0 sin as , etc.
3 2
5π 3 You should know you can check your
= 6 + 8
answer using GC!
5π/3 5π/3
∫ cos2 x dx = ∫ 1 – sin2 x dx
0 0
5π/3 5π 3 5π 5π 3 5π 3
=[x] –[ 6 + 8 ]= 3 – 6 – 8 = 6 – 8
0

π/2 2
(ii)(a) Area = ∫ x sin x dx u = x2 v’ = sinx
0
u' = 2x, v = −cosx
π/2 π/2
= [–x2 cos x ] –∫ –2x cos x dx
0 0
π/2
=0+2∫ x cos x dx u = x v’ = cos x
0
u' = 1, v = sin x
π/2 π/2
= 2[ x sin x] –2∫ sin x dx
0 0
π π/2
= 2[ 2 ]– 2 [ – cos x ] = π + 2 [0 – 1] = π – 2
0

π/2 2 Give your answer to 3 decimal

(b) Volume = π∫ ( x sin x )2 dx = 5.391 (3 decimal places)
0 places hints that GC can be used
to evaluate the answer!
5(i) To survey, say a sample of 50 shoppers who visit a particular shopping mall to find out
whether how many times they visit the mall in a month. 50 shoppers can be 25 females and 25
males.
State the population – which is the shopper who visits the mall
State the purpose of survey – which is how many times they visit
the mall in a month
State the mutually exclusive subgroups – females and males.

Quota sampling is appropriate in this situation because the sampling frame is not
available (do not have information on the total population of shoppers visiting the mall)
so random sampling methods cannot apply.
Your answer should show appreciation that sampling frame is not
available so you cannot do simple random and systematic because you
need the list of all the people and number them. You cannot do stratified
because you do not have proportion of each subgroup in the population!

A disadvantage of quota sampling is that the sample is biased as it is up to the surveyor to

choose who he prefers to survey to meet the quota.

(ii) Impossible since we do not have a list of all the shoppers.

Do state possible or not. Possible as answers is not acceptable.

6 Let X = no. of people out of 10 with gene A.
X ~ B(10, 0.24)
P(X ≤ 4) = 0.933

(i) Let A = no. of people out of 1000 with gene A. Q says using approximation,
A~B(1000, 0.24) so approximation must be
A~N(240, 182.4) since n large, np=240>5, n(1−p)= 760>5 used.

P(230 ≤ A ≤ 260) = P(229.5 ≤ A ≤ 260.5) = 0.717 Remember to state the

conditions including n is
large which is often left out.
(ii) Let B = no. of people out of 1000 with gene B.
B ~ B(1000, 0.003) Remember to do continuity
B ~ Po(3) since n is large, np = 3 < 5 correction for (i) !!

P(2 ≤ B < 5) = P(2 ≤ B ≤ 4)

= P ( B ≤ 4) − P( B ≤ 1)
= 0.616
 4626
7) x = 150 = 30.84 (exact) = unbiased estimate for population mean
2 1 46262
s = 149 (147 691 – 150 ) = 33.7259 = 33.7 (3 s.f.)
= unbiased estimate for population variance

H0 : μ = 30 H1 : μ > 30

X −μ 30.84 − 30
Z= = = 1.772
2 33.7359 150
s n
p-value = 0.038
Since p–value = 0.038 < 0.05, we reject H0 . There is sufficient evidence at the 5% level to
conclude that the population mean time for a student to complete the project exceeds 30 hours.

Since n = 150 is large, there is no need to assume that the population is normal because by
Central Limit Theorem, X is normally distributed approximately.
8) Let C, T = mass of a chicken, turkey respectively.
C ~ N(2.2, 0.52)
T ~ N(10.5, 2.12)
7
(i) P(3C > 7) = P(C > 3 ) = 0.39486 = 0.395

(ii) P(3C > 7) P(5T > 55) = 0.39486 P(T > 11) = 0.160
(iii) 3C + 5T ~ N(3×2.2 + 5×10.5, 32 0.52 + 52 2.12) = N(59.1, 112.5)
P(3C + 5T > 62) = 0.392

(iv) The event in (iii) includes the case in (ii). So the probability in (iii) is higher.
9(i)(a) 12! = 479 001 600 (b) 6! (2!)6 = 46 080

(ii)(a) (12 – 1)! = 39 916 800

(b) (6 – 1)! 6! = 86 400
It is only × 2, not ×26. It is because once the wife of the
(c) (6 – 1)! 2 = 240 first man choose to his left, the rest of the wives has no
choices. So either left or right – 2 choices.
 10)
1/2 S
1/4 S
1/2 F
1/8 S
1/4 S
3/4 F
3/4 F

1/4 S
1/8 S
111 1 3/4 F
(i) P(SSS) = 8 4 2 = 64
7/8 F
1/8 S
7/8 F
7/8 F
1
(ii) P(SSF) + P(SFS) + P(FSS) + 64
111 131 711 1 21
= 8 4 2 + 8 4 4 + 8 8 4 + 64 = 256
3 7
+
P( A ∩ B) P(SFS) + P(FSS) 128 256 13
(iii) P(A|B) = = 17/256 = 17/256 = 17
P( B)
11. The regression line is x = –0.2597t + 66.194 Here x is dependent and t is
x = −0.260 t + 66.2 (ans to 3 s.f.) independent. Read the Q.
So x on t.

When t = 300, x = –11.7 which is negative. But the concentration cannot be negative.
Hence the linear model is not suitable.
(i) Correlation coefficient r = –0.994 which is closer to –1. This indicates that t and y = ln x
have a stronger linear correlation than t and x.

(ii) Regression line is ln x = –0.012343t + 4.62061  Here x is dependent and t is

ln 15 = –0.0123t + 4.62 independent. Read the Q.
So line of ln x on t is to be used
⇒ t = 155 min.
even if you are estimating t
given x = 15.