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4 Understanding
the Gas Laws
Kinetic Theory of Gases
A few assumptions in this theory:
Fill up space
1. Molecules of gas are
Has
always moving in Gas has
kinetic
random motion. energy volume
2. Molecules of gas always
collides with each other.
Temperature
3. Collision of gas molecules pressure
with each other and with the
Change of
walls are elastic
collision. momentum gives
force
Relationship between
Pressure and volume
Boyle’s Law
Relationship between
Pressure and volume
Number of molecules
When the volume per unit volume
increases
of gas is
decreased, Constant
temperature
Boyle’s Law
Boyle’s Law states that for a fixed
mass of gas, the pressure of the gas
is inversely proportional to its
volume when the temperature is
kept constant.
1 That is PV = constant
P
V Or P1V1 = P2V2
Mass of gas is constant
Temperature is constant
Pressure decreases,
volume increases
Boyle’s Law
P P
1
0 0 V
V
P inversely proportional to V P directly proportional to 1/V
Worked Example pg 124
102 kPa
P2 Using P1V1 = P2V2
800 cm3
160 cm3
P2 = 102 (800)
160
= 510 k Pa
P1 = 102 kPa , V1= 800 cm 3
Charles’s Law
Relationship between
volume and temperature
Molecules move
When the faster, pushing
piston and
temperature of gas expand.
increases, Constant
pressure
gas expands and
hence volume
increases.
Lower Higher
temperature temperature
Graph of
volume against temperature
V - graph V -T graph
V V
Absolute
temperature
Charles’ Law
Charles’ Law states that for a fixed
mass of gas, the volume of the gas
is directly proportional to its
absolute temperature when the
pressure is kept constant.
That is V = constant
VT T
V1 V2
Mass of gas is constant Or
Pressure is constant T1 T2
Worked Example pg 126
Using V1 = V2
2.4 m3 of air at 27o C in T1 T 2
an expandable cylinder is 2.4 V2
heated to a temperature
300 360
of 87o C at constant
pressure. What is the new 2.4 x 360
volume of air ? V2
300
V1 = 2.4 m3, T1= (27+273) K
V2 = 2.88 m3
V2 = ? , T2= (87 +273) K
Relationship between
pressure and
temperature
Pressure Law
Relationship between
pressure and temperature
increases,
Constant
more frequent volume
Pressure Law
Pressure Law states that for a fixed
mass of gas, the pressure of the gas
is directly proportional to its
absolute temperature when the
volume is kept constant.
That is P = constant
P T T
P1 P2
Mass of gas is constant Or
volume is constant T1 T2
Worked Example pg 128
P
1 VT P T
V V1 V2 P1 P2
P1V1 = P2V2 T1 T2 T1 T2
PV
constant
T
EVALUATION
N
Balloon
1 V
0 0
V
C PV D P
P
V
0 0
EVALUATION
Which of the
following
physical
quantities of
Gas at high vacuum gas does not
pressure
changed ?
When valve P is open, A Mass
gas from cylinder A B Volume
moves to cylinder B. C density
D pressure
EXERCISE