FORM 5

A. ENERGY CHANGES IN
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
All living things depend on the energy received from
sun.
Plants store light energy as chemical energy in a
chemical reaction called photosynthesis.
Chemical energy in food is released during
respiration.
Energy plays an important role in chemistry.
In most chemical reactions, there is an energy change.
Heat energy is either given out or absorbed during
chemical reactions
 WHAT IS
THERMOCHEMISTRY ???
The study of changes in heat energy which
take place during chemical reactions
EXOTHERMIC REACTION

CHEMICAL REACTION THAT

GIVES OUT HEAT TO THE
SURROUNDINGS
 EXOTHERMIC REACTION
HEAT

HEAT HEAT
ENDOTHERMIC REACTION

CHEMICAL REACTION
THAT ABSORBS HEAT
FROM THE
SURROUNDINGS
 ENDOTHERMIC REACTION
HEAT

HEAT HEAT
 EXERCISES…
Identify whether these examples are
exothermic or endothermic reactions
Frying an egg
Rusting of iron
Photosynthesis
Cooking lemang
A glass of milo ice
Burning of wood
 WHAT IS ∆H ???
HEAT OF REACTION.

∆H IS NEGATIVE WHEN HEAT IS GIVEN

OUT
∆H IS POSITIVE WHEN HEAT IS ABSORBED

∆ = CHANGE
 ENERGY LEVEL DIAGRAM
Exothermic reaction, reactants lose heat to form
products. The energy content of the products is
lower than the reactants. Hence, ∆H is given a
negative sign.
Endothermic reaction, reaction is given a
positive sign. Reactants absorb heat energy from
the surroundings to form products. Thus, energy
content of the products is higher than the
reactants.
 DIAGRAMS
ENERGY
ENERGY
Reactants
products
∆H= negative
∆H=
positive
Products Reactants

Exothermic reaction Endothermic reaction

 STEPS TO CONTRUCT ENERGY
LEVEL DIAGRAMS
Text book page 145
 EXERCISE-CONSTRUCT ENERGY
LEVEL DIAGRAMS
Page 146, learning task 4.2
 ENERGY CHANGE DURING
FORMATION & BREAKING OF BONDS
Exothermic reaction Endothermic reaction
Bond formation The breaking bond
releases > energy required > energy
than is required in than the energy
bond breaking, the that is released
excess energy is during the
released to the formation of bonds.
surroundings as
heat
APPLICATION OF EXORTHERMIC &
ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS
Instant cold packs – used to treat sports
injuries, have separate compartments of
water & solid ammonium nitrate,
NH3NO3 placed in a plastic of bag.
First-aid chemical hot pack.
Reusable heat pack.
Drain cleaner / lye.
 DIFFERENT TYPES
OF REACTIONS
TYPE OF HEAT OF REACTION
REACTION
PRECIPITATION HEAT OF
PRECIPITATION
DISPLACEMENT HEAT OF
DISPLACEMENT
NEUTRALIZATION HEAT OF
NEUTRALIZATION
COMBUSTION HEAT OF COMBUSTION
 B. HEAT OF PRECIPITATION
∆H = H products – H reactants
The change in amount of heat in a
chemical reaction is called heat of
reaction.
The heat of reaction is normally
expressed in a thermochemical
equation.
 DEFINITION OF HEAT OF
PRECIPITATION
THE HEAT CHANGE
WHEN ONE MOLE OF A
PRECIPITATE IS FORMED
FROM THEIR IONS IN
AQUEOUS SOLUTION.
 Example
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + K2SO4(aq) PbSO4(s)+2KNO3(aq)

In this reaction, 50 kJ of heat

C. HEAT OF DISPLACEMENT
D. HEAT OF NEUTRALIZATION
E. HEAT OF COMBUSTION