ACIDS & BASES

Equilibria - Intro
Intro to Acids & Bases:
ACIDS BASES
• Taste Sour • Taste Bitter
• Conduct electricity • Conduct electricity

• Reacts with Mg & Zn to • Slippery to touch

produce H2
• Reacts with OH- to make • Reacts with acids to
salt & H2O make salt & H2O
Definitions of Acids & Bases:
Arrhenius Acids & Bases:

 Acid:
 producesH+ ions in water Cl
H
 HCl  H+ + Cl-
 Base:
 produces
OH- ions in water
Na
 NaOH  Na+ + OH- OH
Bronsted-Lowry Acids & Bases:

 Acid:
 Donates H+ ions Hydronium
Ion
makes acidic
 Base:
 Accepts H+ ions

HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl-

ACID BASE
NH3 + H2O  NH4+ +OH-

BASE ACID
Accepted Donated
H+ ion H+ ion
Water can act like a ACID or a BASE
 Is called “amphoteric”
 Conjugate
Acid – Base
Pair
CO32- + H2O  OH- + H2CO3
BASE ACID Conjugate Conjugate
BASE ACID
Accepted Donated Accepted Donated
H+ ion H+ ion H+ ion H+ ion

Conjugate
Acid – Base
Pair
 Conjugate
Acid – Base
Pair
HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl-
ACID BASE Conjugate Conjucate
ACID BASE
Donated Accepted Donated Accepted
H+ ion H+ ion H+ ion H+ ion

Conjugate
Acid – Base
Pair
Identify the acid & base

BASE
ACID
 Strength vs Concentration
 A highly concentrated acid -
 has a high [H+] or [H3O+] per litre
 A strong acid -
 transfersALL H+ to H2O to form H3O+
 reacts completely
 ex. HCl
 A weak acid -
 does not transfer all H+ to H2O
 ex. CH3COOH
Strong Acids
HX H3 O + X-

At Equilibrium

Weak Acids
HX HX
At Equilibrium

H3O+ X-
Strength vs Concentration
 A highly concentrated base-
 has a high [OH-] per litre
 A strong base -
 has a high affinity for H+ ions
 ex. NaOH, OH-, Ca(OH)2
 A weak base -
 has a low affinity for H+ ions
 ex. NH3