A Accessible tourism Adventure tourism Agritourism Archaeological tourism Atomic tourism Benefit tourism Bicycle touring Birth tourism

touring Birth tourism Boat Sharing Bookstore tourism Booze cruise CampusTours CouchSurfing Cultural exploration Cultural tourism Dark tourism Day-tripper Dental tourism Disaster tourism Drug tourism Dynamic packaging Ecotourism

E cont. Escorted tours Excursion Expedition cruising Experimental travel Extreme tourism F Female sex tourism Free Independent Traveler G Garden tourism Tourism geography Grand Tour Guest ranch H Heritage tourism I I-Tours L LGBT tourism Literary tourism M Medical tourism Militarism heritage tourism Music tourism N Neo tourism O Olivia (company) P Package holiday Pilgrimage Pop-culture tourism

P cont. Poverty tourism R R Family Vacations RV lifestyle Romance tours S Sacred travel Safari Self-guided tour Sex tourism Shark tourism Space tourism Spring break Sustainable tourism T Theme routes Tombstone tourist Tourist apartheid V Virtual tour Virtual tours W War tourism Whale watching Wildlife tourism Wine tourism

Accessible tourism = In 2003 this niche represented more than 50 million disabled persons in Europe, and more than 600 million around the world. Apart from people with disabilities, seniors and those with temporary incapacities (broken leg, etc) are also part of the market dynamic. The market represents a huge opportunity with new investment opportunities and new service requirements, usually not provided by the regular travel agencies. Usual problems found by the disabled tourist when booking a holiday: Accessible airport transfer Wheelchair accessible vehicles Well adapted hotel rooms Professional staff capable of informing and advising about accessibility issues Reliable information about a specific attraction's accessibility (church, castle, exhibition, etc.) Adapted toilets in restaurants and public places Accessible restaurants, bars, etc Inaccessible streets (cars parking in the stepwalk, etc) Lack of disability equipment rental (wheelchairs, bath chairs, toilet raisers, electric scooters) Europe and United States of America share the majority of the existing companies in this niche. However, around the world many companies start to appear as the result of a growing need, pushed also by the senior tourism - a tendency verified in all developed countries due to a growing life expectancy age. Countries like Portugal, Spain, UK, Germany, France and north European countries are prepared to receive tourists in wheelchairs, as well as providing disability equipment and wheelchair accessible transport. Adventure tourism = Adventure tourism is a type of niche tourism involving exploration or travel to remote areas, where the traveler should expect the unexpected. Adventure tourism is rapidly growing in popularity as tourists seek unusual holidays, different from the typical beach vacation. Adventure tourism typically involves traveling into remote, inaccessible and possibly hostile areas. It may include the performance of acts that require significant effort and grit and may also involve some degree of risk. According to the (U.S.-based) global Adventure Travel Trade Association, "adventure travel" may be any tourist activity including two of the following three components: a physical activity, a cultural exchange or interaction, and engagement with nature. Mountaineering expeditions, trekking, bungee jumping, rafting and rock climbing are frequently cited as an examples of adventure tourism. Agritourism = Agritourism is a style of vacation which is normally on farms. This may include the chance to help with farming tasks during the visit. Agritourism is often practiced in wine growing regions, as in Italy and Spain. In America, Agritourism is wide-spread and includes any farm open to the public at least part of the year. Tourists can pick fruits and vegetables, ride horses, taste honey, learn about wine, shop in farm gift shops and farm stands for local and regional produce or hand-crafted gifts, and much more. Agritourism is developing into a large part of the tourism industry and will soon be one of the largest sectors of tourism.

People are more interested in how their food is produced and want to meet the producers and talk with them about what goes into food production. Children who visit the farms often have not seen a live duck, or pig, and have not picked an apple right off the tree. This form of expanded agri-tourism has given birth to what are often called "entertainment farms." These farms cater to the pick-your-own crowd, offering not only regular farm products, but also food, mazes, open-pen animals, train rides, picnic facilities and pick-your-own produce. Dude ranches offer tourists the chance to work on cattle ranches and sometimes include cattle drives. Archaeological tourism = Archaeotourism or Archaeological tourism is an alternative form of cultural tourism, which aims to promote the passion for historical-archaeology and the conservation of historical sites. Archaeological tourism can include all products associated with public archaeological promotion, including visits to archaeological sites, museums, interpretation centers, reinactment of historical occurrences, the rediscovery of native products, festivals, or theater. Although archaeological tourism is quite recent, many international institutions and governments have already begun to contemplate viable alternative activity for the sustainable economic-social development. Several countries have for years had programs resembling the main points of Archaeological tourism for economic income, including Egypt, Mexico and Peru. Atomic tourism = Atomic tourism is a relatively new style of tourism in which the tourists travel to significant sites in atomic history. These sites are typically those involved with either atomic explosions or the vehicles (planes, missiles and rockets) that transport them. Benefit tourism = is the name given to the perceived threat that after May 1, 2004, huge masses of citizens from the European Union's ten new member countries would move to the previous fifteen member states to benefit from their generous social welfare systems rather than to work. This threat was used as a motivation for some (initial, temporary) restrictions in the free movement of labour within the EU. However, evidence since May 2004 does not suggest that a large number of people from Eastern Europe are claiming benefits in Western Europe. Bicycle touring = Bicycle touring is a leisure travel activity which involves touring, exploring or sightseeing by bicycle. Bicycle tourism can be likened to backpacking on a bicycle. Distances vary considerably. Depending on fitness, speed and the number of stops, the rider usually covers between 50 to 150km per day. (30 to 90 miles per day) A short tour over a few days may cover as little as 200km (120 miles) and a long tour may go right across the country or around the world. There are many different types of bicycle touring: In lightweight touring - informally called credit-card touring among cyclists - the rider carries a minimum of equipment and a lot of money. Overnight accommodation is in youth hostels, hotels, pensions or B&Bs. Food is bought at cafes, restaurants or markets. This type of bicycle touring is common in Europe. In fully loaded touring (also known as self-supported touring) cyclists carry everything they need, including food, cooking equipment, and a tent for camping. Some travelers go "ultralight" with basic supplies, food, and a bivy. Expedition touring means traveling extensively, often through developing nations or remote areas. The bicycle is loaded with food, spares, tools, and camping equipment so that the traveler is largely self-supporting. In supported touring a vehicle such as a van carries most of the rider's equipment. This can be organized by private groups of cyclists or commercial holiday companies. These companies sell places on guided bicycle tours, including booked lodging, luggage transfers, route planning and often meals and rental bikes. In a mass day trip, such as MS Bike Tour and Five Boro Bike Tour hundreds or thousands pay a fee to be conducted, sometimes by representatives of a charitable organization, on a day tour of usually tens of miles or kilometers. Accommodation is provided in the form of rest and refreshment stops, marshalling to aid safety, and SAG service. Birth tourism = Because the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees citizenship to those born in the U.S, it is reported [1] that some women, wishing their children to be born in the United States, engage in "birth tourism" so that their children become U.S. citizens. Under the rules of many countries, such children have dual citizenship generally until age 18; at which point they must choose one nationality. This practice is believed to be popular among women in Korea, Hong Kong and Taiwan [2]. According to Edward Chang, professor of Asian American Studies at the University of California, Riverside, the practice is popular among the elite of South Korea, since sons of these women can avoid compulsory military service. Temporary homes for these mothers are often located in residential neighborhoods, which neighbors allege decrease the quality of life in the neighborhood. [3] Being US citizens, these children do not have to meet the stricter international student rules to enter U.S. universities and colleges. In addition, when they turn 21, they become eligible to petition for a grant of permanent residency for their parents. Some prospective mothers misrepresent their intentions of coming to the United States, a violation of U.S. immigration law. However, it is not illegal for a woman to come to the U.S. to give birth. Boat Sharing = Boat Sharing means the operation of boats, mainly sailing boats, by an non-profit organisation for its members. The organisation may be an association, a cooperative, a club or a society orif it is set up more professionally and/or more commerciallya company or a corporation. The boats may be the property of the boat sharing organisation or of a third-party and operated under an appropriate contract. The limiting factor for the growth of a boat sharing organisation is the availability of moorings. By the comparatively high usage rate of boats and moorings, boat sharing uses the scarce resource moorings more efficiently, more sustainably and in this sense more fairly than ordinary private boat owners do. This would justify to favour boat sharers when allocating moorings; so far no port administration has become known, however, to favor boat sharers over ordinary private boat owners when allocating moorings. Bookstore tourism = Bookstore tourism is a type of cultural tourism that promotes independent bookstores as a group travel destination. It started as a grassroots effort to support locally owned and operated bookshops, many of which have struggled to compete with large bookstore chains and online retailers. The Bookstore Tourism movement encourages schools, libraries, reading groups, and organizations of all sizes to create day-trips and literary outings to cities and towns with a concentration of independent bookstores. It also encourages local booksellers to attract bibliophiles to their communities by employing bookstore tourism as an economic development tool. Others benefiting include local retailers, restaurants, bus companies, and travel professionals.

Booze cruise = Booze cruise is an English colloquial term for a brief trip from Britain to France or Belgium with the intent of taking advantage of lower prices, and buying personal supplies of (especially) alcohol or tobacco in bulk quantities.[1] Within limits, this is a legally acceptable process and should not be confused with smuggling. The term is also used in other countries to refer to a pleasure outing on a ship or boat involving a significant amount of drinking, but in the United Kingdom the meaning of a shopping trip for cheaper drinks or tobacco is the understood usage. CampusTours = CampusTours develops and provides a directory of virtual college tours, interactive campus maps, campus webcams, videos and college multimedia. Created in 1997, CampusTours helped spawn the growth of the virtual tour as an essential component on college and university Web sites. Virtual college tours are distinct from the tours offered by real estate sites and museums in that they often feature student or alumni tour guides, substantial amounts of video, intricate campus maps, and content personalization. Virtual tours mark a fundamental and important change in the way that college students, and especially those in the United States, use the Internet to supplement and, in some cases, replace traditional sources of college information. Today the college virtual tour is one of the first sources of information that most students seek when beginning their college search, and many often view the online tour before receiving printed materials, visiting campus or speaking with a representative CouchSurfing = The CouchSurfing Project is a free international Internet-based hospitality service, and currently the largest hospitality exchange network. As of November 2007, it had more than 360,000 members in 220 countries and territories. From various indicators it can be estimated that many members were actively using the website, with 40 percent offering their couches to host travelers (with another 22 percent saying "maybe" and others who are traveling at the moment).[1] Members use the website, initially designed by founder Casey Fenton, to coordinate accommodations. It features extensive profiles, and uses an optional credit card verification system, a personal vouching system, and personal references to increase security and trust. There are many other features on the site, such as interest discussion groups, meeting functionality, live chat and more. Cultural exploration = Cultural exploration is a relatively new approach to the world of social anthropology. Those who work in the field tend to bridge a gap between anthropology and tourism, leaning more toward the science side. The basic idea of cultural exploration is that the explorer not only documents his discoveries, but tries to learn from the culture by becoming immersed, at least to some degree. This is in contrast to age old practices of external observation of cultures in both anthropology and tourism. A second goal of cultural exploration is the sharing of the new knowledge with the public, often in interesting and entertaining ways. Since the advent of the Internet, this has become much easier and lucrative. Networks such as the History Channel and the Travel Channel have created numerous shows that follow the basic tenants of cultural exploration, even though they may not use the term. Companies are beginning to offer tours and excursions to the public that are billed as cultural exploration or Cultural Travel. This is a departure from the style of travel that places travelers in secluded resorts. A precursor to the cultural exploration trends are eco-travel companies. These excursions usually include close interaction with locals and often go as far as lodging in local dwellings. It is not uncommon for people to pay a great deal of money to experience the feeling of the simple life in Africa or Asia. Individuals that return from these types of outings often describe them as life changing. It is not uncommon for them to go beyond the usual sharing of photos and venture out into the community or further, leading to public presentation of what they've learned. Cultural tourism = 'Cultural tourism' (or culture tourism) is the subset of tourism concerned with a country or region's culture, especially its arts. It generally focuses on traditional communities who have diverse customs, unique form of art and distinct social practices, which basically distinguishes it from other types/forms of culture. Cultural tourism includes tourism in urban areas, particularly historic or large cities and their cultural facilities such as museums and theatres. It can also include tourism in rural areas showcasing the traditions of indigenous cultural communities (i.e. festivals, rituals), and their values and lifestyle. It is generally agreed that cultural tourists spend substantially more than standard tourists do. This form of tourism is also becoming generally more popular throughout Europe. Dark tourism = Dark tourism or Grief tourism is tourism involving travel to sites associated with death and suffering. Thanatourism,[1] derived from the Ancient Greek word thanatos for the personification of death, is associated with dark tourism but refers more specifically to violent death; it is used in fewer contexts than the terms dark tourism and grief tourism. This includes castles and battlefields such as Culloden near Inverness, Scotland; sites of disaster, either natural or man made such as Ground Zero in New York; prisons now open to the public such as Beaumaris Prison in Anglesey, Wales; and purpose built centers such as the London Dungeon. One of the most notorious destinations for dark tourism is the Nazi extermination camp at Auschwitz in Poland. Day-tripper = A day-tripper is a person who visits a tourist destination or visitor attraction from home and returns there on the same day. In other words, this excursion does not involve a night away from home. Thus, the day trip can be a very popular form of recreation with families who care for children who are too young or people who are too frail to travel easily or who own pets, or for whom the logistics and cost of a night away from home may be prohibitive. In Medieval days a destination for such days out would be religious (to a nearby shrine) or commercial, for example to a fair. Later, in England, visits to stately homes by those who regarded themselves middle class became frequent and it was the tradition to reward the butler or housekeeper with a tip for providing access to their employers' home. As such homes were meant for show it is unlikely that the owning family would object, provided they were not in residence at the time. The arrival of the railway excursion, often using Day Tripper tickets, in the mid-nineteenth century saw the blossoming of a distinctive day-tripper industry. Trippers also travelled in their thousands by steamer to the many piers around seaside resorts. The General Slocum excursion was an example. Cycling became a very popular day-tripper activity, especially amongst urban and suburban workers from the mid-1880s onwards. Coach trips and charabanc outings followed as the internal combustion engine became reliable enough to get the paying customers out and back again. While all of the forgoing still exist, the modern day-tripper experience is usually by motor car.

Dental tourism = Dental Tourism is a subset of the sector known as medical tourism. It involves individuals seeking dental care outside of their local healthcare systems. Disaster tourism = Disaster tourism is the act of traveling to a disaster area as a matter of curiosity. The behavior can be a nuisance if it hinders rescue, relief, and recovery operations. Drug tourism = Drug tourism is travel for the purpose of obtaining or using drugs for personal use that are unavailable or illegal in one's home jurisdiction. This would include crossing a national border to obtain drugs over the counter that are not sold in one's own country, or traveling to another country in order to obtain or use narcotics that are illegal in one's own country, or even traveling from one U.S. state to another in order to buy alcohol or tobacco more easily (although this last situation is often considered too trivial to qualify as drug tourism). Drug tourism has many legal implications, and persons engaging in it sometimes risk prosecution for drug smuggling or other drug-related charges in their home jurisdictions or in the jurisdictions they are visiting, especially if they bring their purchases home rather than using them abroad. The act of traveling for the purpose of buying or using drugs is itself a criminal offense in some jurisdictions. Amsterdam is a popular destinations for drug tourists, due to the Dutch government's acceptance of marijuana use and possession. Another Dutch city which is visited frequently by drug tourists is Maastricht because of its position close to the borders of Germany and Belgium. Other popular destinations include Southeast Asia and South America. Drug tourism thrives because legislation controlling the sale, possession, and use of drugs varies dramatically from one jurisdiction to another. Dynamic packaging = Dynamic Packaging is a method that is becoming increasingly used in package holiday bookings that enables consumers to build their own package of flights, accommodation, and a hire car instead of a predefined package.[1] Dynamic packages differ from traditional package tours in that the pricing is always based on current availability, escorted group tours are rarely included, and trip-specific add-ons such as airport parking and show tickets are often available. Dynamic packages are similar in that often the air, hotel, and car rates are available only as part of a package or only from a specific seller. The term "dynamic packaging" is often used incorrectly to describe the less sophisticated process of interchanging various travel components within a package, however, this practice is more accurately described as "dynamic bundling". True Dynamic Packaging demands the automated recombination of travel components based on the inclusion of rules that not only dictate the content of the package, but conditional pricing rules based on various conditions such as the trip characteristics, suppliers contributing components, the channel of distribution, and terms of sale.[2] Dynamic packages are primarily sold online, but online travel agencies will also sell by phone owing to the strong margins and high sale price of the product. Ecotourism = Ecotourism, also known as ecological tourism, is a form of tourism that appeals to the ecologically and socially conscious individuals. Generally speaking, ecotourism focuses on volunteering, personal growth, and learning new ways to live on the planet; typically involving travel to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions. Responsible ecotourism includes programs that minimize the negative aspects of conventional tourism on the environment, and enhance the cultural integrity of local people. Therefore, in addition to evaluating environmental and cultural factors, an integral part of ecotourism is in the promotion of recycling, energy efficiency, water conservation, and creation of economic opportunities for the local communities.[1] Ideally, ecotourism should satisfy several criteria[2][3], such as: conservation of biological diversity and cultural diversity, through ecosystem protection promotion of sustainable use of biodiversity, by providing jobs to local populations sharing of socio-economic benefits with local communities and indigenous people by having their informed consent and participation in the management of ecotourism enterprises. tourism to vg5rcfdevrfceb htbtplaces having unspoiled natural resources, with minimal impact on the environment being a primary concern. minimization of tourism's own environmental impact affordability and lack of waste in the form of luxury local culture, flora and fauna being the main attractions For many countries, ecotourism is not simply a marginal activity to finance protection of the environment but as a major industry of the national economy. For example, in places such as Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nepal, Kenya, Madagascar, and Antarctica, ecotourism represents a significant portion of the gross domestic product and economic activity.[4][5] The concept of ecotourism is widely misunderstood, and in practice is often used as a marketing tool to promote tourism that is related to nature. Critics claim that ecotourism as practiced and abused often consists of placing a hotel in a splendid landscape, to the detriment of the ecosystem. According to them, ecotourism must above all sensitize people with the beauty and the fragility of nature. They condemn some operators as greenwashing their operations; using the label of green-friendly, while behaving in environmentally irresponsible ways. Although academics disagree about who can be classified as an ecotourist[6] and there is precious little statistical data, some estimate that more than five million ecotourists - the majority of the ecotourist population - come from the United States, with others from Western Europe, Canada, and Australia. Currently there are various moves to create national and international ecotourism accrediation programs[7], although the process is also controversial. Ecotourism certificates have been put in place at Costa Rica, although some critics have dismissed these programs as greenwashing. Escorted tours = Escorted tours are a form of tourism in which travelers are escorted in a group to various destinations, verses a self-guided tour where the tourist is on their own. Escorted tours are normally conducted by a tour director who takes care of all services from the beginning to end of the tour. Escorted tours also normally include the flights, hotels, transportation, transfers to the airport/hotel, most meals and the sightseeing events. Escorted tours are often conducted by motor coach and usually no more than 3 nights are spent in each location visited. They are usually fast-paced and prices include most everything.

Excursion = An excursion is a trip, usually made for leisure or educational purposes. It is often an adjunct to a longer journey or visit to a place, sometimes for other (typically work-related) purposes. Public transportation companies issue reduced price excursion tickets to attract business of this type. Often these tickets are restricted to off-peak days or times for the destination concerned. Expedition cruising = Expedition Cruising is a genre or type of ocean cruising for pleasure or research. Vessels used for this purpose are usually smaller than regular cruise ships and more robust than similar-sized, conventional vessels. Icebreakers and ice-strengthened vessels are commonly used for this purpose. Expedition Cruising itineraries typically involve stops at ports or islands with little or no tourist infrastructure. Experimental travel = Experimental tourism is a novel approach to tourism in which visitors do not visit the ordinary tourist attractions (or, at least not with the ordinary approach), but allow whim to guide them. It is an alternative form of tourism in which destinations are chosen not on their standard touristic merit but on the basis of an idea or experiment. It often involves elements of humor, serendipity, and chance. There are a number of approaches to experimental tourism: Aerotourism - in which a tourist visits the local airport and explores it without going anywhere. Alphatourism - in which a tourist finds the first street alphabetically on a map, and the last street alphabetically, draws a straight line (or any other figure they desire) between them, and walk the path between the two points. Alternating Travel - leave your front door, turn right, turn left at the next intersection, turn right at the next, etc., alternating each direction, until you are unable to continue because of an obstruction. Cecitourism - in which a tourist is blindfolded and allows a friend to escort them through the city. Contretourism - in which a tourist visits a famous tourist site, but turns their back on the site and takes photos of, or just examines, the view from that direction. Erotourism - in which a couple travels separately to the same city and then tries to find each other. Monopolytourism - in which a tourist takes the local version of a Monopoly board with them and visits places on the board as determined by a roll of the dice. Nyctalotourism - in which the tourist only visits tourist attractions between dusk and dawn. Other ideas do not have particular names: Follow friends on their vacation without their knowledge and take photographs of them, to show to them upon their return. "Tour" your home town. Stay at a youth hostel, backpack through town, meet new people, do not go home until the vacation is over. Take a map of the town you are visiting with you, go to a random map grid, and explore every bit of the grid. Visit a bar, ask the bartender where their favorite bar is and what they drink there. Visit that bar, do the same with the bartender there, and continue. The concept was developed by writer Joel Henry, the French director of the Laboratory of Experimental Tourism (Latourex). Extreme tourism = Extreme tourism or shock tourism is a type of niche tourism involving travel to dangerous places (mountains, jungles, deserts, caves, etc.) or participation in dangerous events. Extreme tourism overlaps with extreme sport. The two share the main attraction, "adrenaline rush" caused by an element of risk, and differing mostly in the degree of engagement and professionalism. Extreme tourism is a growing business in the countries of the former Soviet Union (Russia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, etc.) and in South American countries like Peru, Chile and Argentina. The mountainous and rugged terrain of Northern Pakistan has also developed into a popular extreme tourism location. While traditional tourism requires significant investments in hotels, roads, etc., extreme tourism requires much less to jump-start a business. In addition to traditional travel-based tourism destinations, various exotic attractions are suggested, such as flyovers in MiGs at 2.5 Mach, ice diving in the White Sea, or travelling across the Chernobyl zone. Garden tourism = Garden tourism is a type of niche tourism involving visits or travel to botanical gardens and places which are significant in the history of gardening. Garden tourists often travel individually in countries with which they are familiar but often prefer to join organized garden tours in countries where they might experience difficulties with language, travel or finding accommodation in the vicinity of the garden. The list of famous gardens which attract garden tourists from afar includes: Sissinghurst Castle Garden and Stourhead in England, Versailles and Giverny in France, Keukenhof in Holland, Villa d'Este and Villa Lante in Italy, Alhambra in Spain, Longwood Gardens and Filoli in the USA, Taj Mahal in India, Ryan-ji in Japan. In the year 2000 the Alhambra and the Taj Mahal both received over 2 million visitors. This poses problems for the landscape manager. Michel de Montaigne was one of the earliest garden tourists to record his impressions of gardens (c1580). John Evelyn also recorded his visits to gardens in France and Italy, as did Fynes Moryson. At the start of the twenty-first century Britain had the largest number of gardens open to the public for tourist visits: over 3,500 gardens are listed in Gardens of England and Wales Open for Charity (the 'Yellow Book'). Tourism geography = Tourism Geography or Geotourism is the study of travel and tourism as an industry, as a human activity, and especially as a place-based experience. From a geographical point of view, tourism consists of the places of tourist origin (or tourist generating areas), tourist destinations (or places of tourism supply), and the relationship (connections) between origin and destination places, which includes transportation routes, business relationships, and traveler motivations. Geography is fundamental to the study of tourism because tourism is geographical in nature. Tourism occurs in places, it involves movement and activities across geographic space (between places), and it is an activity in which both place characteristics and personal self-identities are formed through the relationships that are created among places, landscapes and people. Physical geography provides the essential background against which tourism places are created, and environmental impacts and concerns are major issues that must be considered in managing the development of tourism places. Human geography provides an understanding of the social and economic relationships that exist in providing tourism and U.S. National Park Service nature-based [1] outdoor recreation opportunities and activities, as well as the special meaning that these places have to individuals. A destination's sense of place is often a key element behind tourism development -- after all, without the uniqueness and diversity of places, tourism would be mundane and uninteresting.

Heritage tourism = Cultural heritage tourism (or just heritage tourism) is a branch of tourism oriented towards the cultural heritage of the location where tourism is occurring. I-Tours = I-Tours (also spelled "iTours" or "Itours") are an emerging technology, typically using podcasting technology. A user, usually a tourist, visits a website on the Internet and downloads an audio tour of an area the tourist is interested in. This audio tour is loaded onto a portable electronic device, such as a digital audio player, a cell phone, or other portable electronic device. The user then listens to the audio tour while walking or driving through the area being described on the audio tour. The audio tour may also be accompanied by a downloadable map or other written explanation going with the audio tour. The I-Tour format permits the user to skip ahead to other tracks if not interested in the present subject being described, or to listen to a supplementary track providing further information about the subject being described. I-Tours may be accompanied by photographs, maps, or other written materials which can also be downloaded to aid the user. There are presently I-Tours available in Brussels, Belgium, Glasgow, Scotland, Savannah, Georgia, New York, New York, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, San Francisco, California, and other tourist destinations. It is believed that the ITour of Glasgow may have been the first such tour that was widely available, although audio tours on cassette tape players (and more recently CD-based tours) have been in existence since the advent of portable audio players in the 1970s. However, neither of these formats could be downloaded by the user at home before arriving at the site to be toured. I-Tours are also "Location-aware", by using GPS and cell location technology, audio and video is delivered based on user location, where audio (and visual) content is triggered by a user's location, and GPS tours are transmitted to the user in "real time." LGBT tourism = Gay tourism or LGBT tourism is a form of niche tourism marketed to gay people who are open about their sexual orientation and who wish to travel to gay travel destinations in order to participate to some extent in the gay life of the destination area. As an industry it has some substantial maturity, and includes such specialists as travel agents, tour companies, cruise lines and travel advertising and promotions companies who market these destinations to the gay community. Major companies in the travel industry have become aware of the substantial money (also known as the "pink dollar" or "pink pound") generated by this marketing niche, and have made it a point to align themselves with the gay community and gay tourism campaigns[citation needed]. According to Tourism Intelligence International (2000)[verification needed], some 10% of international tourists were gay or lesbians, accounting for more than 70 million arrivals worldwide. This important market segment is expected to continue to grow as a result of a change in world-wide attitudes to homosexuality. The gay and lesbian segment is estimated as a $55 billion annual market.[1] Outside those companies, practitioners of LGBT tourism are being offered other tools, such as LGBT hospitality networks, i.e. networks of lesbians, gay men, bisexuals or transgendered individuals who offer each other the gift of short term hospitality[vague] during their travels. Also available are gay expatriates clubs, which also function to give information and resources to practitioners travelling in their cities. Literary tourism = Literary Tourism is a type of cultural tourism that deals with places and events from fictional texts as well as the lives of their authors. This could include following the route a fictional character charts in a novel, visiting particular settings from a story or tracking down the haunts of a novelist. Literary tourists are specifically interested in how places have influenced writing and at the same time how writing has created place. In order to become a literary tourist you only need a novel and an inquisitive mind-set, however there are literary guides, literary maps and literary tours to help you on your way. In addition to visiting author and book sites, literary tourists often engage in bookstore tourism, browsing local bookshops for titles specifically related to the sites as well as other regional books and authors. Medical tourism = Medical tourism (also called medical travel or health tourism) is a term initially coined by travel agencies and the mass media to describe the rapidly-growing practice of traveling to another country to obtain health care. Such services typically include elective procedures as well as complex specialized surgeries such as joint replacement (knee/hip), cardiac surgery, dental surgery, and cosmetic surgeries. The provider and customer use informal channels of communication-connection-contract, with less regulatory or legal oversight to assure quality and less formal recourse to reimbursement or redress, if needed. Leisure aspects typically associated with travel and tourism may be included on such medical travel trips. Militarism heritage tourism = Militarism heritage tourism is a type of tourism, when people are visiting places of former military sites. For example, visiting former military sites and facilities. Interesting reminders of former military sites are in the Baltic States, which used to be occupied by the USSR. Music tourism = Music tourism is the act of visiting a city or town in order to see a gig or festival. With the presence of the tourist, money is spent and the local economy benefits. This sort of tourism is particularly important to small villages such as Glastonbury, as well as large cities like Glasgow. Neo tourism = Neo Tourism is a term coined by the Korea tourism organization that comprehensively describes the newly changing trend of the tourism. Pilgrimage = In religion and spirituality, a pilgrimage is a long journey or search of great moral significance. Sometimes, it is a journey to a sacred place or shrine of importance to a person's beliefs and faith. Members of every major religion participate in pilgrimages. A person who makes such a journey is called a pilgrim. Poverty Tourism = poorism is a type of tourism, much akin to slumming, in which tourists travel to less developed places to observe people living in poverty.[2] Poorism travel tours are popular in places like India, Ethiopia, and even places that have had natural disasters such as hurricanes and tsunamis. After Hurricane Katrina, Louisiana became a big poorism site. Critics say poorism is likened to a kind of voyeurism, exploiting people less fortunate, snapping pictures and leaving nothing in return. Some poorism tours do use portions of the profits to help out however. Space tourism = Space tourism is the recent phenomenon of tourists paying for spaceflights, primarily for personal satisfaction. As of 2007, space tourism opportunities are limited and expensive, with only the Russian Space Agency providing transport. The price for a flight brokered by Space Adventures to the International Space Station aboard a Soyuz spacecraft is now $30 million. Flights are fully booked until 2009.

Among the primary attractions of space tourism are the uniqueness of the experience, the thrill and awe of looking at Earth from space (described by astronauts as extremely intense and mind-boggling), the experience's notion as an exclusive status symbol, and various advantages of weightlessness. The space tourism industry is being targeted by spaceports in numerous locations, including California, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Florida, Virginia, Alaska, Esrange in Sweden and Wisconsin, as well as Singapore and the United Arab Emirates. Some use the term "personal spaceflight" as in the case of the Personal Spaceflight Federation. Sustainable tourism = There are many different definitions of sustainable tourism. Sustainable tourism in its purest sense, is an industry which attempts to make a low impact on the environment and local culture, while helping to generate income and employment for locals, as well as to promote the conservation of local ecosystems. It is responsible tourism which is both ecologically and culturally sensitive. Virtual tour = A virtual tour (or virtual reality tour) is virtual reality simulation of an actually existing location, usually comprising 2D panoramic images, a sequence of hyperlinked still or video images, and/or image-based models of the real location, as well as other multimedia elements such as sound effects, music, narration, and text. As opposed to actual tourism, a virtual tour is accessed on a personal computer (typically over the Internet). It does not require travel, but ideally, virtual tour viewing evokes an expereince of moving through the represented space. War tourism = War tourism, which refers to recreational travel to war zones for purposes of sightseeing and deliberate culture shock, is perhaps the most dangerous (and thrilling) form of extreme tourism.