Process of Photosynthesis

Definition: It is the process of preparation of food by green plants (with

chlorophyll pigment) in the presence of sunlight using carbon dioxide and water
as raw material. The overall reaction of the photosynthesis is:

Sunlight
6 CO2 + 12 H2O C6 H12 O6 + 6H2O + 6O2
Chlorophyll

Oxygen is released as a waste product . In this process, glucose is

the main photosynthetic product. In Photosynthesis solar energy is changed into
chemical energy. Chlorophyll is the main pigment of photosynthesis.

PHOTOSYNTESIS IN GREEN PLANTS

Factors Affecting Photosynthesis:

There are two factors affecting photosynthesis:
1. Internal Factors
2. External Factors

Factors Affecting Photosynthesis: -

Internal Factors External Factors

 Chlorophyll Contents - Light
 Accumulation of Products - CO2,O2
 Structure of Leaves - Water
- Temperature

Mechanism of Photosynthesis:
The entire process is completed in to phases:-
1. Light phase
2. Dark phase
Light phase:
This phase depends upon light and also called photochemical
reaction. There are two groups or pigment system i.e. PS-I and PS-II. These
pigments absorb light energy in the form of photons. Light reaction involves two
steps:-
1. Phase I(Photolysis of water).:- In this step H2O splits up into H+ and OH-,H+
is used to reduce NADP to NADPH2,which is used in dark reaction.

light
4H2O 4OH- + 4H+
chlorophyll

4OH - 4OH + 4e –

4 OH 2H2 O + O2
Thus O2 released during photosynthesis comes from H2O.
2. Phase II: (Photophosphorylation) in this step the chlorophyll molecule when
exposed to light is excited and emits electrons. ATP is formed from ADP and
inorganic phosphate. This ATP is used in dark reaction as energy source.

Dark Reaction:
It is immediately followed after light reaction. This occurs in the
stroma
of chloroplasts. In the dark reaction ATP and NADPH2 are used to reduce CO2 in
The chloroplast for synthesis of carbohydrates. CO2 enters into a cycle of
reaction starting with RUBP .At the end of cycle carbohydrates is synthesis and
RUBP is regenerated.

CO2 12 NADPH

Glucose 12NADP

Calvin –Benson Cycle

Guided By: Deepinder Kaur
Deepika Singla Prepared By: Saroj
Sandeep
Sarbhjeet
Class 8th
Govt High School, Surgapuri, Kotkapura