*sDa[mol

rpE´´m
rpE
 rpE´m

(1)

]tm&f tdkifwDrSm wpfaqmifwnf; &SdwJh *sDaymmausmif;awmfol? yHkrvmygw,f? wdk hrsm;rkef;wJh0g'ifjuD;eJ hwl}

]tpfudkajymjyr,f tdk acsmeSr&,f? wu,fyJem;axmifuG,f? pdwful;rvGJeJ hwpfudk,fwnf;yJuG,f

tysdKjuD; vkyfawmhuG,f}

cifcsdKwdk hpufrSKwuúodkvfwGif ausmif;om;aqmifrsm;udk at-1mD-pDwyfíac:onf/pkpkaygif;

ajcmufaqmif&Sdonf/owårajrmufaqmifonfum; rdef;uav;aqmifjzpfí ]Owå&aqmif}ymk trnfay;xm;
\/ odk h aomfvnf; eHygwfpOft& ]G} jzpfaom taqmifrdk h *sDaymm ymk tac:rsm;avonf/
1m,folu1m,fvdkpvdkufonfudkawmhtaotcsmrod&acs/pufrSKausmif;om;rsm;onf *sDaymmolrsm;
udk txufygtwkdif; axmrem jyKjuonfum; trSefyif/
*sDaymmudk yrmcdkif;&vSsif vGifwD;acgifwGif aqmifxm;aom taqmuftOD;juD;eSifh wlonfymk ajym&
ayrnf/ opfyif 0g;yif pdkpdkjynfjynf tkyftkyfqkdif;qkdif; 1mmrSs r&Sdacs/ usJaeatmif ylaom ae'Pfudk
vnf;aumif;? onf;aeatmif &Gmaom rdk;'Pfudkvnf;aumif;? wzGJzGJ usaeaom eSif;'Pfudkvnf;aumif;
txD;wnf;juHhjuHh cH&&Smavonf/ taqmifapmifh OD;pHnGef hvufxufu pdkufoGm;aom taqmift0if0 &Sd
ydawmufyifysdKav; eSpfyifrSmum; tawmftwefyif juD;xGm;aejyD jzpfavonf/ tazmfuif;pGm txD;usef
&yfwnfaeaom taqmifjuD;twGuf 1m0c&D;azmfav;eSpfOD;ymk cifcsdKu uAsmqefqef awG;rdavonf/

]ae&mwum tawG; racgifprf;ygeJ hcifcsdK&,f? taqmifu taqmifyJaygh? ydawmufyifu

ydawmufyif yJaygh? touf&SdwmawGrS rymkwfwm? txD;usefawG tazmfawG pOf;pm;raeprf;eJ h}
rrcifu cyfaigufaigufuav; ajymavh&Sdonf/ rrcifonf cifwdk htkyfpkwGif vljuD; tqefqHk;
jzpfonf/ ol hudk 1m,folurS q&mrwifaomfvnf; ol hoa1mmeSifhol ol h udk,fol rJay;jyD; jydKif1mufr&Sd
Akdvfwufvkyfaeavonf/ pdwful;,OfvGef;aom cifcsdKudkvnf; qlonf/ uav;qefaom axG;axG;udk
vnf; aigufonf/ tpm;juD;jyD; ajumufwwfaom rd udkvnf; oa1mmrawG h/ jrifjriforSs &,fp&m
vkyfjyD; 1m&kwfusavh &Sdaom a0a0eSifharmfarmfudkvnf; rajueyf/ apwemt&if;cHjyD; qlylavh &Sdonfrdk h
cifcsdKwdk h tm;vHk; rekdifí onf;cHjcif;ymlaom cEÅDp w&m;udk vufudkifxm;jyD; rrcifudk a1m;rJhay;xm;
ju&avonf/

rSwfrdygao;onf/ wpfcgu cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk; a&Twd*Hk1mk&m; wufjzpfjuavonf/ 1mk&m;toGm;

1
 *sDa[mol

1mwfpfum;ay:twufwGif zdeyfwpfzuf uGswfusef&pfaom rdarmfudk &Syfjymjym vkyf&aumif;vm;ymk

rrcifu qlawmhonf/ zdeyfwpfzufwnf;udk qufpD;xm;& aumif;edk;? cGswfjyD; vTwfypfvdkuf& aumif;ekd;
eSifh armfarmfcrsm pdwf&SKyfae&onfhtxJ rrcif qlorSs awayjyD; cH&&Smavonf/ a&Twd*Hk1mk&m;
qkawmif;jynhfapwDodk ha&mufaomtcg oajyyef;rsm; wayG hwydkufvSLjyD; ]þoajyyef;rsm; vSL&aom
tusdK;aus;Zl;ajumifh rrcifonf a,musfm;qkd;qkd;eSifh &jyD; tekdifcH&ygap1mk&m;} ymk atmfjuD;ympfus,f
qkawmif;avawmhonf/ jumjzLjumeDrsm;eSifh 1mk&m;udk jidrfjidrfoufouf tm&HkjyKum edAÁmefqkyefaeaom
rrcifonf rsufvHk;juD; jyJceJ yGifhvmjyD; tvef hwjum; xckefavawmhonf/ armfarmfcrsmvnf;
1mk&m;udkrS jyD;atmif OD;rcsekdif/ ]cPaeygOD; 1mk&m;? jyD;rS quf&Sdcdk;ygr,f 1mk&m;} ymk avSsmufwifum
oajyyef;rsm; ayG hum tl,m;zm;,m; xajy;onf/ cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk; 1mk&m;&Sdcdk;udk jyD;atmif rqdkedkif1mJ
olwdk h eSpfOD;udkjunfhum tlematmif &,fju&avonf/ armfarmfu tpoefonf/ rrcifu a'guefonf/
vltrsm;jum;xJwGif rrcifwpfa,muf Zkd;ceJ ZwfceJ vSrf;í acgufrnf rymkwfonfudk odojzifh
y0gwpfurf; vufwpfvSrf; avmufrSaejyD; armfarmfuvnf; rcHcsifatmif trsdK;rsdK; pavonf/ aemufqHk;
rrcifudk,fwkdif raeedkif1mJ &,f&avawmhonf/
]ausmif;om;1m0ymm aysmfp&m taumif;qHk;yJwJh? vlwdkif;ajymjuw,f? pmusuf&w,f?
*Pef;wGuf&w,f? ajcmufem&D xdk;&if taqmifxJrSm tydwfcH&w,f? q&mawGudk ajumufae&w,f? uJ
1m,frSmvJ aysmfp&m? 'Djum;xJ rrcifudk ajumuf&ao;}
pmusuf&rSmudk ysif;vGef;aom rd0gudkrl rrcif redkifay/ rrcif qlvGef;vSSsif tcef;xJwGif ajczsm;
axmifí avSsmuf&if; ymdkarmh onfarmheSifh aysmfp&mudk &SmrawG hoa,mif vkyfwwfavonf/ atmufqHk;
xyfu auoDwdk htcef;wGif pum;0kdif;zGJ haeonfudk awG hí rrcifqlvSsiftv,fxyfwufvmjyD; ckwif
ay:wGif yufvufvSefum pmtkyfuav;udk rsufemS ay:wif&if; tdyfygavawmhonf/ ol hudkar;vSsif
usufjyD;om;pmrsm;udk pdwfxJwif jyefí qkdjunfhaewmygymk ajzavh&Sdonf/
]tjymuav;vJ ZdrfyJ? tjzLuav;vJ ZdrfyJ? a1mmif;1mDav;u arsmufuav;? 1m,fnm 1m,fnm
ymkwfjyD? 1m,f1m,f 1m,f1m,f nm}
taqmiftay:qHk;xyfrSaejyD; taqmifa&S hjzwfavSsmufaom ausmif;om;rsm;udk ajcvSrf;trSm;rSm;
eSifh okwfajcwifay;atmif aemufavh&Sdaom axG;axG;crsmrSmrl rrcif acguforSs acgif;ylatmif cH&&Smav
onf/
]axG;axG; ausmif;a&mufcgpu acgif;ao;ao;av;&,f? 'Da&mufrS rrcif cPcP acgufwmeJ h
zl;a,mifjyD; axG;axG;acgif; juD;vmwm? rrcif rw&m;1ml;}
a0a0u rausreyf ajymwwfonf/ a0a0h tqdkt&rl ol hyg;eSpfzufrSmvnf; rrcif qGJvdrfvGef;
aomajumifh wpfae hwpfjcm; azmif;vmjcif; jzpfonfymk qdkonf/ jzLazG;aom a0ha0h yg;pHk hav;eSpfzuf
azmif;jynfhaeonfuvnf; trSefyif/
]ymJh rda0a0&J h? apwemeJ hauGs;&if aoaq;awmif pm;&owJh? igu eifwkd hwawGudk aumif;apcsif
vGef;vdk h? rdef;ryDoapcsifvGef;vdk h qHk;rwmudk? apwemudk a0'em xifaeovm;}
rrcifu a'gjuD;armjuD;eSifh ajymaomtcgwGifrl a0a0onf &,fusJusJeSifh okwfajcwifav
awmhonf/ rrcifudk qufajymaeyguvnf; rqHk;edkifatmifqlawmhrnfrdk ha&Smifajy;jcif; jzpfavonf/
wpfenf;awmhaumif;onf/ cifcsdKwkd htm;vHk;udk rrcifonf apwemh0ef;xrf; qHk;ryJhjyifaeonfrdk hqkd;csif

2
 rpE´m

wdkif; rqkd;&? awcsifwdkif; rawju&ay/ rauseyfcsifaomfvnf; taumif;1mufrS awG;jyD; auseyfju&av

onf/
rrcifom xdef;raevSsif cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk; ol henf;eSifhol qkd;rnfhawrnfh oluav;rsm;om jzpf\/
pmar;yGJeD;cgrS taru,fyg? t1mu,fygeSifh pmudk zifaxmifatmif usufwwfolrsm;? wpfcgwpf&Hvnf;
eHeufvif;tm;juD;txd avuefwwfjuolrsm;? tpm;pm;vSsifyif pm;ydk;eifhjyD; wtifhtifh jzpfwwfolrsm;udk
rrcifwpfa,mufom pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf apmifhjunfhjyD; ajymekdifqdkekdifayonf/ ol hyg&rD uvnf;rao;i,f
vS ay/
]ighrSmom armifawG tpfudkawG &Sd&if eifwdk hudkawmh r,lap&1ml;? tymkwfajymwm}
wpfcgwpf&Hawmhvnf; pdwfnpfvmovdk ajymwwfonf/
rrcif pdwfnpfovdk cifcsdKwkd hyHkpHrsm;udk junfhí pdwfnpfol tawmfrsm;ymef wlavonf/ xkd h
ajumifh oHcsyfxJüyif xnfhí pyfqdkcJhao;onf/
]*sDaymmoludk rvkdcsifAD,uferfyif oGm;vdkufcsifao;} wJhav/

***

3
 *sDa[mol

(2)

]rauseyf1ml; cifcsdK&,f? t0g enf;enf;rS rauseyf1ml;}

]1mmudkvJ}
]tm;vHk;udkaygh? t0gwkd htaqmifudk eSdrfaejuwJh vlwdkif;udkayhg}

t0gonf cifcsdKwkd htcef;xJodk hajcvSrf;usJusJeSifh vSrf;0ifvm&if; ajymavonf/ cifcsdKvnf; wGuf

vufpocFsmykpämudkcsxm;vdkuf&if;t0ghudktxl;tqef; junfhrdonf/t0gwpfckckawmh jzpfvmjyD xifonf/
]t0g 1mmjzpfvmwmvJ}

]tdk rcHcsifvdk hyg}

]1mmudk rcHcsifwmvJ}
]tvum; iemawG? t0gwkd htqmifu ausmif;olawGudk rvS1ml;wJh? rvS&if 1mmvdk h &nf;pm;pm
awG atmwkdufatmif ay;aejuao;vJ? wpfae hwpfae holwkd hwawGyJ tm;tm;,m;,m; pmawG a&;edkif
w,f? xnfhxnfhekdifw,f? ydk; rpGHawmh tvum; yHkrvmyg1ml;qdkjyD; vufcgw,f? ymGef; aumif;ovm;}

t0gonf yg;eSpfzufudk azmif;aeatmif plum rausreyf ajymaeavonf/ rJhvdkuf &GJ h vdkufeSifh

tacsmufwkduf a'gojuD;aeonf/ cifcsdKu junfh&if; &,frdaomtcg pum;ajym&yfjyD; cifcsdK hudkyg
j*dKymfjunfh junfhaeavonf/

]'grsm; pdwfqkd;p&mvm; t0g&,f? olwkd hymm olwkd hajymcsif&m ajymjuapaygh}

]tdk olwkd hajymcsif&m ajymwkdif; cH&rSmwJhvm;}
]uJ rcHvdk h1mmvkyfcsifovJ}
]ymGef; &dkufypfcsifw,f? wu,f}

jyHK;usJusJ vkyfaeaom cifcsdK\ ykcHk;eSpfzufudk udkifvSKyf&if; rajurcsrf; ajymonf/ wpfaqmif

vHk;udk ajymonfhtxJwGif r0gonf wpfa,mufwnf; 'dkifcHjyD; pdwfqkd;aeavonf/ cifcsdKu oleSifh twl
vdkufjyD; pdwfrqdk;ojzifhvnf; auseyfekdifymef r&acs/

pufrSKausmif;om;rsm;eSifh *sDaymmolwkd h&efyGJonf *smat; ol htar&dkufovdk csmvnfvdkuf

aeavonf/ *sDaymmolrsm; tvSrjyifjuonfrSmvnf; wu,fyif/ oeyfcg;a&usJvdrf;jyD; ausmif;wufju
olrsm;rdk hausmif;roGm;rD tvSjyifcsdef ig;rdepfcef h &vSsif vHkavmufjuavonf/

4
 rpE´m

wpf&mvSsif wpfa,mufavmufom a&arT;oHk;wwfjuonf xif\/ ,cif ae hausmif;ol 1m0u

eSKwfcrf;eD rdwfuyfoHk;avh&Sdaom cifcsdKyif *sDaymmaqmifa&mufvmaomtcgoeyfcg;a&juJtkyfpkwGif yg0if
oGm; avonf/ cifcsdK\ &ufAvGef eSKwfcrf;eD1ml;av;rsm; rSdKyifwufvk aejyD xifonf/ &dk;&dk;0wf?
&dk;&dk;qifwwfjuaom olrsm;onf aumif;aumif;0wf? aumif;aumif;jyifwwfjuolrsm;eSifh ,SOfaomtcg
rvS1ml;ymkom tajymcH&rnfrSm udk;q,fhudk;&mcdkifeSKef; usdef;aoaeavonf/ rdef;uav;wdk h\ tvStyyml
onfrSm t0wftpm; tqiftjyifwGif trsm;qHk; rlwnfaeonfudk t0godoifhayonf/

]olvJav avmuDom;ayrdk htvSruf&Smayvdrfhr,f} ymk cifcsdKu ajymvSsif r0gvufcHrnf rymkwf

acs/ tvStyudk rnfonfhpHcsdefeSifh rnfuJhokd hwkdif;wmqHk;jzwfrnfenf;ymk ar;OD;rnfom jzpf\/ xkdodk h
ar;vmvSsif cifcsdKrnfuJhodk h&Sif;&rnf rodacs/ tvSty &SmyHkawmf zGifhjyD; a&S;oa&mtcgu p&awmhrnf
xifonf/
]ymif; wu,f tjrifuwfp&m aumif;wm]
]ajomf r0g&,f}

&,fp&mvnf; aumif;vSygonf/ r0g tygt0if cifcsdKwdk h*sDaymmoltm;vHk;onf ausmif;om;

rsm;u ]yHkrvm1ml;} ymk ajymvSsif enf;enf;rS rcHcsifjuay/ rdef;uav;wdk h o1mm0rdk h1m,folrSvnf; cHcsif
rnfrymkwfacs/ rcHcsifrSef;odíajymolu ydkajymonf/ ajymaomajumifhvnf;rcHcsif/ odk haomfvnf; olwdk h
onf oeyfcg;a&juJudk vdrf;jrJvdrf;juavonf/ qHyifudkvnf; uspfqHjrD; wpfacsmif;wnf; tuspfrsm;
juavonf/ xrDwapmif;0wfjyD; ausmif;wufcsdefeD;rS ausmif;odk h wufokwf&kduf ajy;juav onf/
wpfcgwpf&H rsufcHk;arG;ay:rS oeyfcg;acsmufudkyif jcpfrypftm;/ wpfrsufeSmvHk; tarT;eH homr&Sd
1mJ rsufcHk;arG;ay:wGif tpkvdkuf tyHkvdkuf oeyfcg;rsm; cJapaom *sDaymmolwkd h\tvStytm; &SmrawG h
oludk rnfuJhodk h tjypfwif&rnfenf;/

]r0g 1mmjzpfaewmvJ}
]a'guefaewm}
]uJ q,fheSpf&moD 'efaumwJh ra'guef? vufzufpm;juGygwJh? vm cifcsdK a0a0wkd htcef;rSm
vufzufawG okwfxm;w,f}

a0a0onf tcef;0rS acgif;uav; jyLum vmac:onf/ a0a0hpum;qdkvSsif cifcsdKwkd h aumif;pGm

r,Hkay/ tpoef taemufoefvSojzifh ol hpum;udk ,Hkrdwkdif; wpfenf;rymkwf wpfenf;awmh t&l;jzpfju&
onfrdk htawmfvef hju&onf/

]cifcsdK&,f? a0a0 wu,fajymwmyg/ vufzufawG wu,f trsm;juD; okwfxm;wmyg? vufzuf

xJrSmvJ ayG;udkif;eJ huecdkrxnfhxm;yg1ml;}
a0a0u rsufeSmi,fav;eSifh ajymaomtcg cifcsdK&,frdawmhonf/ tpoefvGef;vSawmh taumif;
ajym onfudkyif trsm;u aumif;pGm r,Hkjunfojzifh tcufawG haeyHk&onf/
]a0a0aemf eif wu,fajymwmvm;}
]tymkwfajymwmyg r0g&,f? 1mk&m;pl;&ap&J h? 'o*D&deJ hnm;&ap&J h}
]wu,faemf}

5
 *sDa[mol

r0gonf r,Hkovdk xyfar;onf/ r,Hkvnf;r,Hkp&myif/ a0a0eSifharmfarmfwdk hyl;aygif;jyD; acsmufcs

orSsudk cifcsdKwkd hr0gwdk htm;vHk;rjumcP vdrfhaeatmif cHju&onf/ jyD;cJhaom aEGuyif 0rf;wGif;&l;
a':at;vSeSifh vSnfhwkdufay;ojzifh cifcsdKwdk htoufvkjyD; ajy;cJhju&ao;onf/
]uJ uJ 'Davmuf jzpfae&ifvJ rvmeJ h? rpm;eJ h? tukefawmif oufomao;w,f}
a0a0onf pdwfnpfvmovdk vSnfhxGufoGm;awmhonf/ xkdtcgusrSyif r0geSifh cifcsdKvnf; tawmf
twef ,Hkjunfvmonf/ 1m,fewfaumif;ewfjrwfu rnfuJhodk h pdwfaumif;pdwfjrwfrsm;udk ay;tyfcJhav
onfrod/ a0a0onf wu,fhudk apwem t&if;cHeSifh vufzufokwfpm;&ef vmac:jcif; jzpfymefwlonf/

]usm;om;rdk;judk; cifcsdKa&? a0a0 wu,fajymwm xifw,f? vm vm awmfjum; ukefoGm;&if 'ku©}

,ckrS vufzufeH h ykpGefajcmufeH hudk &vmonfrdk hr0gonf uref;uwef; vdkuf&ef ymefjyifonf/

]'Dae h1mmae hvJ rSwfxm;OD;rS? a0a0 pdwfaumif;0ifwJhae h? wu,fhudk xl;jcm;wJhae h}

cifcsdKonf tajy;vSrf;&if; ajymrdonf/ trSefwu,fyif xkdae hxdk&uf a0a0wkd h pdwfaumif;0ifcJh

avonf/ a0a0wdk hvufzuf0dkif;wGif vlpHkwufpHk pkrdjuavonf/

xkdrSpí jyóem pcJhjcif; jzpfonf/

udk&ifarmifeSifh rndKaxG;wdk h\ jyóemonf a0a0wkd hvufzuf0dkif;rS pwifcJhavonf/

***

6
 rpE´m

(3)

a,musfm;av;rsm; pkrdvSsif rdef;uav;tajumif;udk trsm;qHk; ajymjuonfymk qdkonf/ wu,f

ymkwfrymkwfawmh cifcsdKvnf; a,musfm; rymkwfí taotcsm rodacs/ rdef;uav;rsm; pkrdvSsif
a,musfm;av;tajumif;ajymjuonfum; trSefyif/ a,musfm;awGaumif;ajumif;? qdk;ajumif; tusifhp&dkuf
rsm;udkOD;wnfjyD;ajymrdjuonf/ xkdae huvnf; vufzuf0dkif;wGif *sDaymmolrsm;udk eSdrfaomausmif;om;rsm;
tajumif;udk pum;OD;wnfrdjuavonf/
]trSefawmh pdwfqdk;p&m rymkwf1ml;? rdef;uav;awG&J htvS? tdkav vlom;awG&J h tvSppf
tvSrSefymm &ifxJrSm eSvHk;om;rSm &Sdw,fqdkwm rjrif1mJ rdwfuyf? eSKwfcrf;eDeJ hqHyif *kwf0JawGudk rufjyD;
ta&jym;wpfaxmufudkom junfhwwf jrifwwfwJh olwdk hawGymm oem;p&mawmif aumif;ao;w,f}
rdonf vufzufokwfudk wjrHK hjrHK hpm;&if; t1md"r®mqefqef ajymonf/ rdpum;udk cifcsdK oa1mm
usrdaomfvnf; r0gurl auseyfyHkr&acs/
]tdk t0gawmh rauseyf1ml;? olwkd h&kyfawGua&m tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;&,fvdk husm;usm;,m;,m;
&Sdvdk hvm;? ykwJholu yk? ydefwJholu ydef? 0wJhvlawGuvJ pnfydkif;vm;atmufarh&w,f? ykuGydefacsmufawG}
]ymJh r0g&J h? eifuvJ ta&jym;tvSudk junfhjyefjyDvm;}
]junfhwmaygh? wlnDaom rsufpdeJ hyJ jyefjunfh&w,f? 'grS w&m;rSm}
r0gonf tvum;ae&if; a'gojuD;vSavonf/ cifcsdKurl r0gudkjunfh&if; &,fcsifaeonf/
*sDaymmoltm;vHk; udk,fpm;olu 'dkifcHpdwfqdk;aeavawmh cifcsdKwdk h pdwfqkd;zdk h&efyif rvdkawmh acs/ r0g
wpfa,mufwnf;eSifh vHkavmufovdk jzpfaeavonf/
]tr,fav; tJ'D ykuG ydefacsmufawGu tjyifrSm aps;aumif;w,fuGJ h}
]'gajumifhvJ ol henf;eJ hol 1m0ifudkufjuwm xifyg&J haemf}
xkdae hu cifcsdK em;axmiform; oufouf jzpfavonf/ vufzufokwfu tpyfwnfhvSojzifh
vufzufudkom wGifwGif rJjyD; pm;rdonf/ olwdk hajymaeaom tajumif;t&mrsm;xuf vufzufudk ydkjyD;
pdwf0ifpm;rdonfqdku rSm;rnf rymkwfacs/
]aym; 1mmawG pm;aejuwmvJ? 'Dvdkrsm;usawmh 'dk hudk owdr&1ml;aygh? aymm'Du tacsmtvS
av;udk owdr&ju1ml;ayghav w,faumif;}

7
 *sDa[mol

ndKaxG;onf 1m,fu 1m,fvdk teH h&vmonf rod/ tcef;wGif;odk hjAKef;'dkif;eSifh ajy;0ifvm&if;

ajymonf/ cifcsdK ha1m;wGif tuste wifyvifacGjyD; xdkifvdkufum vufzuf yef;uefudk ol h1mufqGJ,l
vdkufavonf/
]ajomf ndKaxG;&,f ajrmufavudk owif;pum;yg;vkdufygw,f? aveJ twl teH hcH&if; ndKaxG;
a&mufvmwmyJ rymkwfvm;}
em;yg;onf ? rsufpdaumif;onf? vSsmyg;onfymk ajymavh&Sdjuonf/ ndKaxG;url eSmacgif;yg;
onfymk ajym&rnf xifonf/ trJvdkufacG;yif vdkufí rrDatmif teH hcHaumif; vSonf/ 1mmteH hjzpfjzpf
cifcsdKwdk hr&rD olu t&if&wwfonf/
]1mmawG ajymaejuwmvJ qufajymav? ndKaxG;vJ em;axmifr,f}
vufzufudk av;ig;vkyf qufwkdufpm;jyD;aomtcgrS &yfoGm;aom pum;0dkif;udk owdxm;rdovdk
ajymonf/ ol hudk 0dkif;junfhaejuonfudk awG haomtcg &SufoGm;ovdk ZGef;udk ypfcs&if; ymufymuf
yufyuf &,favonf/ ndKaxG;&,fvSsif yg;csdKifhav; eSpfzufrSm cGuf0ifjyD; xif&Sm;vmonf/
]r0gu *sDaymmolawGudk eSdrfwJh ausmif;om;awGudk pGJcsufwifaeav&J h? olom tmPmydkifjzpf&if
tJ'D ausmif;om;awGawmh rvG,f1ml;}
]1mmjzpfvdk hvJ}
]ausmwpf&m &ifwpf&m judrf'PfcwfjyD; jrdKif&yfudk eSifvdrfhr,f xifw,f}
]tdk enf;ao;wmaygh? tukefvHk;udk tvkyf&HkxJydk h? judk;wkwfjyD; zpfwif;a&Smhyf xJu vT0dkif;juD;eJ h
vnfyif; jzwfypfr,f? uJ rSwfua&m}
]tkd 1mk&m; 1mk&m;}
r0ga'gojuD;onfudkjunfh&if;cifcsdKwkd htm;vHk;w0g;0g; &,faejuonf/ yg;eSpfzufudk azmif;ae
atmif pl&if; ymkwfwma&m rymkwfwma&m? ajymcsifwmawG avSsmufajymwwfavonf/ ol ajymcsifwmawG
ajymjyD; &ifxJrSm a'gojidrf;oGm;wwfonf/ &ifxJwGif judwfjrHKxm;avhr&Sd1mJ tm;vHk; tHxkwfavh&Sdonf
uawmh ol htwGuf pdwfcsrf;omp&m tusifhaumif;uav;yif jzpfonf/ xkd hajumifhvnf; ol h&ifxJwGif
1mmtusdwftcJrS r&Sd1mJ &Sif;aeavonf/
]tJ'DxJrSm udk&ifarmifqkdwJhvlu omwHk;ao;w,f? olvJ 1mmrS rajymwwf 1mmrSvJrod? olrsm;awG
eSdrforSs em;axmifjyD; wymJymJeJ h&,faew,f}
]1m,f udk&ifarmifvJ? ymkd tom;ndKndK t&yfjrifhjrifheJ hvlvm;}
]at;av ausmif;ajy;ckefypfwkef;uawmif ygao;w,fav}
]ymkdk ymdk a&S hqHk;u ajy;vmjyD; vrf;wpf0ufavmufusrS arSmuf&ufjuD; vJwJhvlvm;}
]tif;aygh olyJaygh}
]ajomf tJ'Dvlvm;}

8
 rpE´m

ndKaxG;u acgif;uav; wndrfhndrfheSifh ajymonf/ xdkpOfu cifcsdKeSifh ndKaxG;twlyif a&S h qHk;wef;

rSxdkifjunfhaejuonfudk rSwfrdonf/ aoewfazmufuwnf;u udk&ifarmifonf ajcvSrf;usJjuD;eSifh
pajy;av onf/ cifcsKdwkd hXmeu udkjrifhaxG;u 'kwd,yif vdkufedkifonf/ ]'DAdsKif;rnf;juD;uvJ ajy;yJ
ajy;ekdifvGef;} ymk cifcsdKpdwfxJrSmyif jiLplrdao;onf/
vrf;wpf0ufavmuf a&mufaomtcg 1m,fu 1m,fvdkjzpfonf rod? ajcacguffoGm;íyif
xifonf/ arSmufvsufjuD; vJusawmhonf/ rDwmwkdrdk hol hudk tukefvHk; ausmfwufukefjuaomfvnf;
tm;ravsmh1mJ vl;vJxum qufajy;ao;onf/ ]ZGJqkawmh ay;oifhw,f} ymk ndKaxG;u &,farm&if;
rSwfcsufcscJhavonf/
]olua&m *sDaymmudk eSdrfwmyJvm;}
]oleSdrfwwfvdk heSdrf&if cHomao;w,f? ckawmh olrsm;awG eSdrforSs a1m;uaejyD; tm;ay;tm;ajrSmuf
vkyfaewm ydkcHjyif;p&m aumif;w,f}
]ajymjuao;w,f *sDaymmolrsm;qdk&if ajumufyg&J hwJh? rvdkcsifyg1ml;wJh}
]trSefawmh OD;olajympwrf;aygh r0g&,f? pufrSK ausmif;om;awGrsm; tjyifvlawGom txifjuD;
wm? 'dk hawGrsm;uawmh roHk;a&;cs roHk;vdk hajymaewmvJ olwdk hawG cHae&wmyJ}
]'gayr,fh a,musfm;eJ hrdef;r jydKifajymjupwrf;qdk&if rdef;uav;uyJ &SHK;&rSmayhg}
]t ym,f ym,f ymJ}
r0gu tm;i,foHav;eSifh ajymaomtcg ndKaxG;onf avSmif&,fuav; &,fvdkufavonf/
ndKaxG;\ rsufvHk; ndKndKav;rsm;onfvnf; cyfavSmifavSmifeSifh &,farmaejuymef wlonf/
]1mmvdk h&SHK;&rSmvJ? rSwfxm; r0g&J h? a,musfm;qdkwm 1mmeJ hxkxm;wmrdk hvJ? a,musfm;wdkif;
a,musfm;wdkif;ymm rdef;uav;wdkif;twGuf upm;p&m t&kyfuav;awGyJ}
]t,f t,f}
a'gojuD;aeaom r0gonf ol ha'goudk cPa1m;csdwfvdkufjyD; ndKaxG;udk yg;pyfuav; ymvsuf
ai;junfhaeavonf/ r0g\ a'gorsm;onf vGifhaysmufjyD; rsufeSmusufodk h wufuyfukefjyD xifonf/
]ymm 'gawmh rymkwfao;yg1ml;}
]ymkwfwmrS odyfymkwfwmaygh}
ndKaxG;u cyfwif;wif;yif ajymavonf/ ndKaxG;\ rsufeSmoG,foG,fav;onf rmea&mifeSifh
0if;aeoa,mif&Sdonf/
]aumifav;awGom jum;&if odyfa'guefrSmaem}
]uefcsif&ifom uefaya&mh 'gymm trSefw&m;yJ? rupm;csif&ifom &Sd&r,f? rupm;wwf&ifom
&Sd&r,f? a,musfm;qdkwmrsdK;ymm rdef;ru vSnfhvdkuf&if 'dk;uav;vdk 0Dac:atmif vnfoGm;wwfwmrsdK;}

9
 *sDa[mol

]avavSsmhygOD; ndKaxG;&,f}
wpfcsdefvHk; jidrfaeaom a0a0u ,ckrS 0ifajymavonf/ a0a0\jyHK;pyfpyf? &,fusJusJ rsufeSm
uav; wGifyif acwårSs tjyHK;uG,faysmufaeonf/ tHhjoovdk rsufvHk;uav; t0dkif;om;eSifh ndKaxG;udk
ai;junfhaeavonf/
]ndKaxG;avus,fwm rymkwfyg1ml; a0a0&,f? wu,fajymaewmyg? *sDaymmoludk rvdkcsif1ml;qdkwJh
ausmif;om;awGudk *sDaymmola&S hrSm 'l;axmifjyD; idkcsif;csatmif vkyfedkifygw,f}
]rvG,f1ml; ndKaxG;&J hrvG,f1ml;? a,musfm;ymm rdef;rtwGuf upm;p&m qkd&if olwkd hu wjyef
rdef;rymm a,musfm;awGtwGuf tysif;ajzp&myJvdk hoa1mmxm;&if rcufygvm;}
'Dwpfcgawmh cifcsdKajymjzpfavonf/ r0gudk a'gorjuD;apcsifovdk ndKaxG;ukdvnf; rmerjuD;
apvdkay/ rmeymlonfrSm pifppftm;jzifh &ifwGif;ü avmifaomrD;ymk cifcsdKxifrdonf/
]tdk tcspfyGJrSm tonf;aysmhol cHpwrf;aygh? rdndKaxG;wdk htonf;rrm&if cHrSmaygh? 'gayr,fhf
ndKaxG;wdk htonf;u rmvdkufwmrS oHvufcwfeJ hwD;&ifawmif wl&d,moH xGufedkifw,f}
]tvJh w,fpmwJhqkdygvm;? tJav w,fqdkwJh pmygvm;}
cifcsdKwdk hpum;0dkif;onf 1mmvdkvdkeSifh OD;wnfcsufajymif;oGm;avonf/ wpfavwnf; wpfoHwnf;
xGufaeaom 0dkif;wGif eSpfpkuGJoGm;onf/ a0a0? armfarmf? rd0geSifh r0gu wpfzuf? ndKaxG;u wpfzuf
pum;&nfvkyGJjuD; pwifavawmhonf/ jum;aea&;0g'udk vufudkifxm;jyD; 'dkifvljuD;vkyfaeaom cifcsdK
vnf; ymdk1muf pdwfa&mufvdkuf? 'D1mufpdwfa&mufvdkufeSifh olwdk htajymaumif;ovdk pdwfajymif;ae&onf/
]ndKaxG;rmejuD;vGef;w,f} rdu rSwfcsufcsonf/
]rdwkd hu rmeenf;vGef;w,f} ndKaxG;u rajureyf ajymonf/
]ql;usvJzuf zufusvJzuf qkdwmymkd q,fh&Spf&mu pum;? ckacwfymm eSpfq,f&mpk? eSpfq,f&mpk
rdef;uav;awGymm 'Dpum;ajymaejuao;w,fqkdawmh 0rf;enf;zkd haumif;w,f? 'DacwfrSm ql;usdK;&r,f}
]jrwfpGm1mk&m;}
ndKaxG;onf avudk enf;enf;rS ravSsmhacs/ rsufeSmudk armhjyD; eSKwfcrf;udk wif;wif;aph xm;av
onf/
w&m;oljuD; cifcsdKvnf; 1mmudk qHk;jzwf&rnf rodawmhacs/ rdwdk honf ]uGsefrrSm rdef;rom;} ymlí
tm;EGJ hvGef;onf/ ndKaxG;url ]igymJh rdef;r} ymk rmefjuD;vGef;onf/ rdwdk h u enf;enf;wdk;? ndKaxG;u
enf;enf;avSsmhvSsif taeawmf jzpfrnf xifonf/
xdkae hu pum;&nfvkyGJonf wpfem&Dausmfjumonf xifonf/ pum;&nfvkyGJudk tavmif;tpm;
eSifh tqHk;owfoGm;aomtcg 'dkifvljuD; cifcsKdonf &ifwkefvmojzifh aq;ojum; azsmfaomuf&avonf/
tavsmftpm;tjzpf ausmif;rS atmifjyD; tvkyfvkyfaomtcg vcwpfvcudk owfrSwfonf/ ndKaxG;edkif
vSsif ol&onfh wpfvcudk rdwdk hav;OD;cGJ,l&rnf/ rdwkd hekdifvSsifrl olwkd hwpfvcpD ndKaxG;udk ay;rnf/

10
 rpE´m

ypfrSwfonfum; ]udk&ifarmif\tonf;}
ypfrnfhjrm;onfum; ]rndKaxG;}
yGJjunfhy&dowfonfum; r0g? rd? a0a0eSifh armfarmfwdk hjzpfonf/
w&m;oljuD;um; cifcsdK jzpfonf/
xkdtajumif;udk rnfolrSs rodap&ef cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk; vufzufpm;jyD; opömjyKcJhju &avonf/

***

11
 *sDa[mol

(4)

]trSefawmh 'Dvdktavmif;tpm;qdkwm vkyfudk rvkyfoifh1ml;}

wpfnae cifcsdKwdk hwawG tcef;tjyif1mufwGif zsmcif;xdkif&if; pkrdjuaomtcg rdu aemifw&
ovdk ajymavonf/ avu cyfjurf;jurf; wdkufaeojzifh rd\ qHyifrsm; wjzwfjzwf vGihfaeavonf/
cifcsKdonf 1mmrS jyefrajym1mJ rdudkom cyfai;ai; junfhaerdavonf/ avwGif a0hum 0dkufumeSifh 0Jae
aom rd\qHEG,fav;rsm;rSm junfhí aumif;vSonf/ *sDaymmwpfaqmifvHk; cifcsdKwdk htydkifpm;&aom
tay:qHk;xyf taemuf1muf a'gifhonf avtwdkufqHk; xifonf/ aEG rdk; aqmif; Owkra&G; pdrfhat;ae
atmif wdkufcwfavh &Sdonf/
]tdk *Gwfw,fxifvdk h'l;wmyJ}
]tif;aygh 'l;jyD;rSawmh *Gwfom*Gwf}
a0a0eSifh armfarmfonfum; jyHK;&,f&if; oHjydKifajymjuavonf/
]1mmtavmif;tpm;vJ? 1mmvkyfxm;wmvJ}
axG;axG;onf olrodvdkuf&aom udpördk hem;rvnfekdif1mJ ar;onf/ vufzuf opöm pl;rnfpkd;aom
ajumifh cifcsdKwkd htm;vHk; eSKwfydwfa&iHk aevdkufju&onf/ axG;axG;vufxJrS pm;vufp qD;,dkxkyfudk
a0a0eSifh armfarmfu wpfa,mufwpfvuf ,lpm;vdkufjuaomtcgwGifum; pum;vrf;ajumif;vnf;
ajymif;oGm;avawmhonf/
]ausmif;zGifhwmawmif rjumao;1ml;? 1mmvdkvdkeJ hpmar;yGJawmif wjznf;jznf; eD;jyD}
]at;uG,f eD;vmjyDaygh}
pmar;yGJajumif;jum;&vSsif cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk; wnfwnfjidrfjidrf jzpfoGm;wwfjuonf/ tjcm;ae&m
rsm;wGif rnfrSsyif aqmhae ajymifaeaomfvnf; pmar;yGJqkdvSsifrl ajumufju&onf/ av;av;pm;pm;
usufrSwfjyD; av;av;pm;pm; ajzju&onfom jzpf\/ odk haomf tif*sifeD,m 1mmom&yftm;vHk;xJwGif
Adokum 1mmom&yfudk oif,laom cifcsdKwdk honfum; wpf1mmomjcm;aeavonf/ olwkd havmuf usufpm
rrsm;ay/ twef;juD;vmaom tcg a&;ajzwpf1mmom eSpf1mmomrSty usufpm r&Sdawmhacs/ taqmuf
tOD;trsdK;rsdK;udkom OD;aeSmufudk jcpfukwfjyD; wpfvwpfjudrf xkwfju&awmhonf/ wpfvwpfjudrf wif&
aom yHkpHrsm;rS trSwfudk OD;pm;ay;jyD; tatmift&SHK; qHk;jzwfavonf/ xkd hajumifh tif*sifeD,mwdk h
tvkyf&SKyfaecsdefwGif Adokumwkd htm;aevSsifaewwfonf/ Adokumrsm; rtdyfraetvkyfrsm;aom tcsdefwGif
vnf; tif*sifeD,m1mmom&yf,lolrsm; at;at;aq;aq; xdkifaeedkifjuonf/ tif*sifeD,m vlrsm;pkjum;xJ

12
 rpE´m

wGif Adokum vlenf;pkuav;rSmuef hvef huef hvef hjzpfaewwfonf/ cifcsdKwdk hutdrfyHkpH?wkdufyHkpH tao;
av; rsm; aqmifvkyfí tvkyf&SKyfaecsdefwGif rdwdk honf *Pef;aygif; aomif;ajcmufaxmifjum;xJwGif
epfjrKyf aeavonf/
]aymm ymdkrSm ajym&if;qdk&if;}
taqmifa1m;rS auG hywfjyD; wufoGm;aom vrf;uav;udk junfh&if; armfarmfu ajymavonf/
wpfa,mufwnf; wpdkufpdkuf avSsmufoGm;aom udk&ifarmifudk awG h&onf/ naeapmif; wGif ausmif;om;
rsm;onf tpkvdkuf at;at;oufom vrf;avSsmufavh &Sdjuonf/ udk&ifarmifonfum; naeig;em&DcGJ
wGif xrif;pm;jyD; wpfOD;wnf; vrf;avSsmufxGufavh&Sdonfudk cifcsdKwkd howdxm;rdonf/
]ajomf crsm oem;p&m? 1mmrS rod&Sm1ml;}
rdonf jyHK;rvdk rJhrvdk rsufeSmuav;eSifh udk&ifarmifudk ai;junfhaeonf/ jzpfcJh&aom tavmif;
tpm; jyóemtwGuf tawmfyif pdwfroufrom jzpfaeyHk&onf/
]ndKaxG;u 1mmajymao;vJ}
]tymJ tcsdefwefawmh EGm;ydefuefvdrfhr,fwJh? ckxdawmh 1mmtpDtpOfvkyf&r,fawmif rodao;
1ml;wJh}
]aumif;uGm}
r0gonf cifcsdKa1m;wGif 0ifxkdif&if; &,favonf/ pifppf jyóemudk r0gu pcJhjcif; jzpfonf/
a0a0? armfarmfeSifh rdwdk hu ulnDtm;ay;olrsm; jzpfonf/
]jyóempol r0g? ajrSmufay;olu a0? armf? rd? juHazmfjuHzuf tm;vHk;teufwGif irdkufom;
&ifarmifav? eifcsnf;yif aoayawmhymk av;ypfrnfholum; rndKaxG;}
armfarmfonf wdk;wdk;av; a&&Gwfaeonf/ a0a0au em;axmif&if; &,faomfvnf; rdonf
r&,fedkif acs/ r0gurl jyHK;pp vkyfaeavonf/
olwdk hwpfawG vkyfcJhjuaom tavmif;tpm;tajumif;udkom rrcif odvSsif rnfuJhodk h aernfudk
cifcsdKawG;aerdonf/ ol'Davmuf qHk;raeonfhjum;xJu 'Dvdk vkyfju&rvm;ymk krqkH;edkifatmif qlawmh
qJawmhrnf jzpfonf/ a0a0wdk h? ndKaxG;wdk hacgif;uav;awGudk AHkpDovdkpDjyD; 'vpyf vdkufacgufvdrfhrnf
xifonf/ 'Dvdkqdkjyefawmhvnf; vufzuf0dkif;wkef;u rrcifom &SdvSsif taumif;om;ymk cifcsdKawmifhw
rdonf/ rrcifom &SdvSsif tavmif;tpm;vnf; jzpfvmedkifrnf rymkwfacs/
tavmif;tpm;r&SdvSsif tavsmftpm;vnf; &Sdrnf rymkwfygacs/
t&SHkK;tedkifvnf; &Sdrnf rymkwfygacs/
cifcsdKuawmh 1m,fol hudkrS redkifapvdkay? tedkif&SdvSsif t&SHK;&Sd&awmhrnfrdk hjzpfonf/ rnfol hudkrSs
r&SHK;apcsifaomajumifh jzpfygonf/

***

13
 *sDa[mol

(5)

]ndKaxG;wpfoufvHk; wpfcgrS r&SHK;zl;1ml;? ndKaxG;vkyf&if edkif&rSmyJ}

ndKaxG;onf cifcsdK hyefuefxJodk hc&rf;oD;eSyfwpfZGef;cyfxnfhay;&if; ajymonf/ ndKaxG;\rsufvHk;
ndKndKav;rsm;onf rmea&mifeSifh &Tef;vJhaeonf/ acgif;avSsmfjyD;prdk h zm;vsm;csjyD; zJjukd;eSifh uydku,dk
csnfxm;aom qHyif aysmhaysmhrsm;onfum; eufarSmif oefpGrf;vSonf/r0gurl ndKaxG;udk cyfjyHK;jyHK;
junfhjyD; xrif;om ukef;pm;aeonf/ oljudkufaom c&rf;oD;eSyfymif;rdk htpm;udk pum;xuf rufaejcif;
vnf; jzpfedkifonf/ c&rf;oD;eSyfqdkvSsif cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk; judkufjuonf/

taqmifu xrif;ymif;udk nHhvSonfymk nnf;oltawmfrsm;avonf/ rD;a&tpHk? aeonfhtwGuf

a&m? pm;onfhtwGufyg taqmifaju;rSm ig;q,fhckepfusyfom jzpfonfhtwGuf ymif;wGif qDenf;onf
qdkjyD; rnnf;oifhymk cifcsdKxifonf/ tdrfxrif; tdrfymif;eSifh eSdKif;jyD; tjypfwif&ef roifhay/ trsm;pm
csuf&aom ymif;onf tdrfwGif csufaom qDjyefymif;eSifhum; ,SOfekdifrnf rymkwfacs/ odk haomf pufrSKwGif
auGs;aom c&rf;oD;eSyfonfum; tdrfpHcsdefudk rDonfymk cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk; pHxm;qHk;jzwfjuonf/
c&rf;oD;eSyfauGs;aomae hwGif cgwdkif;xuf xrif;pm;í 0ifjuavonf/ taqmifaepu taqmifxrif;
ndKndKeSifh jzLavsmfavsmf ymif;rsm;udk junfhjyD; rsdKrusedkif1mJ idkcsifpdwfaygufaeaom cifcsdKyif c&rf;oD;eSyf
ymif;eSifh xrif;pm;edkifcJhonf/

]aymh cifcsdK 1mmidkifaewmvJ}

r0gonf cifcsdK hycHk;udk qwfceJ ykwfvkdufonf/ ymif;cGufudk junfh&if; tawG;vGefoGm;aom

cifcsdKvnf; rdrdpdwfudk jyefqGJac:&if; &,fvdkufrdonf/ cifcsdKwdk hxrif;pm;tjyD;wGif taqmifudk wef;rjyef
jzpf1mJ ausmif;udk ywfí vrf;avSsmufrdjuonf/ ausmif;taemuf1muf tvkyf&Hkrsm;1mufwGif jruf&dkif;yif
eDeDrsm;nf yef;cif;juD;ozG,f &Jaeonf/ avtaoG;wGif 1m,fnm ,drf;EGJ haejuonf/

]'Dausmif;rSm ndKaxG; tcspfqHk;u tJ'D jruf&dkif;eDawGyJ? ndKaxG; olaX;jzpf&if jcHtus,fjuD;0,fjyD;

tJ'DjrufawGudk rsufpdwpfqHk; tcif;juD; jzpfatmif pdkufxm;r,f}

wEGJ hEGJ hnGwfaeaom jrufnSmwHav;udk cl;,l&if; pdwful;,Ofaeaom ndKaxG;onf cav;i,f

av;eSifh wlaeonf/ cifcsdKom yef;csDqGJwwfvSsif jruf&dkif;yif eDeDrsm;tjum;wGif qHEG,fqHnGef hrsm;
avwGif vGifhaeaom ndKaxG;\ yHkudk yef;csDqGJrdrnf xifonf/ ndKaxG;0wfxm;aom tusF D0g0geSifh
vHkcsnft0gyGifhonf jruf&dkif;yifrsm; tjum;wGif vGifvGifuav; xif&Sm;aehrnf jzpfonf/ eD&J&J ,Sufjzm

14
 rpE´m

us aeaom naecif; aea&mifjcnfonf ndKaxG;\ yg;csdKifhuav;rsm;udk ydkrdk xif&Sm;aprnf jzpfavonf/

teDeSifh t0gqdkvSsif ylaEG;aom ta&mifrsm;aeonf/ ndKaxG;\ qHyifudk pD;xm;aom zJjudk;jym;av;onf
avxJwGif ysH0JaejyD; rsufpdudk rodromuav; at;oGm;apekdifrnf jzpfavonf/ yef;csDum;\ trnfudkrl
]t&dkif;} ymk ay;&vSsif aumif;rnfxifonf/ t&dkif;ymlonfrSm o1mm0twdkif; rjyKrjyif xm;onfudk
qdkvdkonf rymkwfygavm/

]ndKaxG;om wefcdk;&Sif qkd&if tJ'D jruf&dkif;eDawGudk ckvdk aqmif;wGif;ru1ml;? q,fheSpf&moD

&Sdaeatmif zefqif;xm;rSmyJ}

]tdk uG,f yef;vJ rymkwf? t&GufvJ rymkwf? arT;vJ rarT;? aymmymkd acsmufxJu yef;0gav;awGurS
ydkvSao;w,f}
]yef;qdkwm arT;rS vSrS yef;vdk hoa1mmxm;&if rSm;rSmaygh r0g&,f? yef;qdkwm yef;qefvGef;&if
raumif;1ml; rdef;uav;&J h}

jruf&dkif;eDrsm;jum;xJwGif &yf&if; ndKaxG;u ajymaepOf cifcsdKwdk ha1m;rS udk&ifarmifonf jzwfí

avSsmufoGm;onf/ ol hymeftwkdif; acgif;iHk hum ajcvSrf;udk a&wGufí avSsmufaeovdk wpfvSrf;csif;
avSsmufoGm;\/ wpfOD;eSifh wpfOD; rdwfqufp&mrvdk? odaejyD; jzpfjuaomfvnf; rnfolurSpí
eSKwfrqufonfhtwGuf eSKwfrqufjzpfjuay/ ndKaxG;url jrufwpfyifudk trSwfwrJh vSrf;Ekwf&if;
rsufvTm0ef;0dkufjyD; tuJcwfvdkufonf/ xkdh aemufwGifum; wdkifyifp&myif rvdk? ndKaxG;? r0geSifhcifcsdKwkd h
oHk;OD;om; udk&ifarmif\ aemuf1mufrS jznf;jznf;oufom vdkufvmrdjuonf/

]yef;qdkwm vSwdkif;vJ rarT;1ml;? arT;wdkif;vJ rvS1ml;? wcsdK husawmh uHaumif;vdk hxifyg&J h

arT;vJarT;w,f vSvJvSw,f? uHqdk;wJh yef;av;rsm; usjyefawmhvnf; arT;vJ rarT; vSvJ rvS? 'dk hrsm;
rdef;uav;awG&J h1m0ymmvJ yef;uav;rsm;vkdyJ}

ndKaxG;onf avat;av;eSifh ajymaeonf/ rsufvHk;ndKav;rsm;u &D&Tifaeaomfvnf; ndKaxG;\

toHonf aqG;aqG;ajrhajrhav; jzpfaeonf/ cifcsdKwdk hta&S hvufwpfvSrf;omomavmufwGif avSsmufoGm;
aom udk&ifarmifonf ndKaxG;\ toHudk aumif;pGm jum;ekdifayvdrhfrnf xifonf/

]yef;jrif&if cl;csifjuwmawmh vlawG&J hnmOfyJ xifyg&J haemf? tjrwfwedk;tyefcH&wJh yef;av;awG

uawmh uHaumif;wmaygh? wcsdK hvlawGuawmh yef;jrif&if cl;jyD; acsypfwwfwmrsdK;? yef;uav;awGudk
1mmOya'urS umuG,fray;1ml;? tnSmvG,f& aumif;vm;vdk hawmif 0dkif;jyD; zdvdkufjuao;w,f? tJ'gu
awmh rw&m;yg1ml; aemf cifcsdK&,f}
]tif;aygh}

ndKaxG;u pum;axmufvkdufí cifcsdKonf a,mifeeeSifh tif;om vkdufvdkuf&onf/ rndKaxG;\

ajcvSrf;udk aumif;pGm rjrifrdao;acs/ rdef;rrm,m oJudk;jzmymk qdkpum; &Sdonf/ ndKaxG;onf oJudk;jzm
xJrS oJwpfqkyfudkawmh toHk;jyKjyD xif&onf/ udk&ifarmif\ ajcvSrf;rsm; aeS;oGm;onfum; trSefyif/

]wu,fawmh ndKaxG;wdk hrdef;r1m0ymm wu,fhudk zuf1m0? ql;usus zufusus zufomayguf&

w,fqdkwm a&S;vljuD;awGymm wu,fajymcJhwmaemf? t&SHK;cH1m0 oufouf&,f}

15
 *sDa[mol

ndKaxG;u aqG;ajrhemjunf;oHav;eSifh ajymaomtcg r0g\rsufvHk;eSpfzufonf jyL;xGufjyD;

tvef hwjum; jzpfoGm;avonf/ eSpfq,f&mpkeSpfrSm zufay:uswJhql;awG usdK;&r,fymk avoHrmrmeSifh
ajymcJhaom pum;udk owd&íxifonf? ndKaxG;onf ol hudk rsufvHk;tjyL;om;eSifh vSnfhjunfhaomtcg
r0gtm; &,fusJusJeSifh rsufpdwpfzuf rSdwfjyavonf/ rsufpdymlonfudk acgif; ta&S h1muf rsufeSmwGifom
eSpfvHk;pvHk; wyfqifay;cJhaom o1mm0w&m;juD;ajumifh ndKaxG;udk ausmcdkif;xm;aom udk&ifarmifonf
ndKaxG;\ &,fusJusJymefav;udk rjrifedkif&Smacs/ toHudkom jum;ae&ol onf rsufvHk;av;&Da0a0eSifh
aqG;&dyforf;aeaom rsufeSmav;udkom awG;xifjrifa,mif rdrnf jzpfayonf/

]1m,facwfjuD; 1m,fvdkwdk;wufjyD; 'HkysHawG 1m,fvdkvTwfvTwf? vudk1m,fvdkoGm;oGm;'dk hrdef;uav;

awGvJ ynmawG 1m,fvdkwwfwwf? ql;eJ hzuf ed,mrjuD;uawmh ajymif;rSm rymkwf1ml;aemf}
]ndKaxG;u a,musfm;jzpfcsifvdk hvm;}
]tdk rjzpfcsifyg1ml;? rjzpfekdifwmudk 1mmvdk hwrf;wae&rSmvJ? a,musfm;awGudkom rdef;uav;awG&J h
1m0 em;vnfapcsifwm? pmemapcsifwmyg}

ajcvSrf;aeS;aeaom udk&ifarmifudk cifcsdKwdk hwawG ausmfwufcJhjuonf/ tuJcwfymefeSifhrodrom

vSnhfjunfhonfudkyif vHk;0trSKrxm;rdovdk aumif;uifjymudk armhjunfhaeaom ndKaxG;onf trlt,m
aumif;vSayonf/ udk&ifarmifymlonfh vludk &Sdonfymk trSwfxm;yHkyifr&/ ta&;pdkufrdyHkyifr&/ pdwfwHcg;
udk rodromav;zGifhjyD; *sdKif;ceJ jyefydwfxm;vdkufonf/

xdjyD; ajy;aom ]xdajy;} uav;rsm;onf tcspfyGJwGif ppfcif;juonfymk cifcsdKjum;zl;onf/

jidrfoufpGm &yfaeoltm; pwifjyD; xdcdkufí vSKyf&Sm;vmaomtcg ajy;avawmhonf/ tajy;orm;eSifh
tvkduform;ymlonf ajy;olu ompjrJyifwnf;/ ndKaxG;udk junfh&onfrSmvnf; tajy;orm;av;eSifh
wlonf/ uefa&jyifuJhodk hjidrfaeaom pdwftpOftm; cJao;ao;av;eSifh rxdwxd pjyD; ypfcwfaejyD
xif&onf/ cifcsdKjum;zl;aom yHkjyifxJwGif ol&Jaumif; rif;om;av;u av;ypfrnfymk av;nSdK hudk
wD;cwfvdkufaomtcg &efoltukefvHk; rSifoufrdjyD; ausmuf&kyfvdk jzpfukefjuonf qdk\/ av;ypfrnfh
cspfjrm;&Sif ndKaxG;onfvnf; av;nSdK hudk omomav; wD;cwfaeacsjyD/ irdkufom;&ifarmifav a&Smifedkif
&if a&Smifayawmhymk cifcsdK pdwfxJwGif wD;wdk;a&&Gwfaerdonf/

]oJudk;jzmxJu oJwpfqkyfudkawmh ndKaxG;oHk;cJhjyD xifyg&J h}

taqmifodk hjyefa&mufaomtcg zm;zm;a0a0 ydawmuf&Gufrsm;udk ckefcl;&if; r0gu ar;ajymav;

ajymonf/ ndKaxG;onf 1mef'gyif&dyfatmufrS cHkpdrf;av;wGif ajcypfvufypf xkdifcs&if; &,favonf/

]oJwpfrSKef eSpfrSKefyg r0g&,f? wpfqkyfrukefyg1ml;}

***

16
 rpE´m

(6)

'Dae hcifcsdKausmif;rwufjzpfacs/ wufcsifpdwfvnf;r&SdvS/q&mqGJcdkif;xm;aomyHkpHudkqGJí rjyD;ao;

aomajumifhq&meSifhvnf; &ifqdkifcsifpdwfr&Sdacs/ xdk hajumifhtcef;xJwGifwpfreufvHk;atmif;aejyD;ausmif;
ajy;jzpfavonf/ cifcdsKwdk htaqmifeSifh ydokumXmeonf eD;uyfojzifh tcef;tjyif1mufxGufaevSsif
XmerS vSrf;jrifekdifonf/ xkd hajumifh tcef;tjyifudk yif rxGuf&J? taqmifa&S hwGif jzwfoGm;aom q&m
rsm; trSwfwrJh vSrf;jrifoGm;rnfudk ajumufaomajumifh jzpfonf/
odk haomf q,fhwpfem&D xdk;aomtcgwGufum; cifcsdKonf raeomawmhacs/ igh0rf;ylqm raeom
vdk hxGuf&w,fymk nnf;&if; xrif;pm;aqmif1mufokd hcyfvSsdK;vSsdK; xGufvm&onf/ *sDaymmolrsm; 'Dwpfcg
awmh uHqdk;vSonf/ xrif;pm;aqmifeSifh taqmifonf wpfac:omom a0;avonf/ oD;jcm;pD &Sdju
onfrdk hxrif;wpfcg pm;&efta&; usJusJylaom aexJrS jzwfjyD; ig;rdepfomomcef hvrf;avSsmuf
ju&avonf/ aeylonfurSawmfao;onf/rdk;wGif;tcgwGifum;'l;qpfcef hjrKyfaeaoma&xJwGifw0kef;0kef;
eSifh a&ul;usifhjyD;rS xrif;pm;ju&avonf/
]aym; cifcsdK axG;axG;}
pm;aomufqdkifrsm; a1m;rS tjzwfwGif qdkifxJrS ,k,kaqGu vSrf;ac:onf/ ol ha&S hu pm;yGJ
ay:wGif 'HaygufyGJudk jrif&ojzifh cifcsdKwkd hajcvSrf;vnf; xrif;pm;aqmifudk arhjyD; 'HaygufqDodk htvdkvdk
OD;wnfoGm;avonf/
]1mmjzpfvdk hausmif;rwufjuwmvJ? q&mjuD; a':uefaew,f}
]tymkwfvm;}
cifcsdKa&maxG;axG;yg &ifxJwGif 'dkif;ceJckefoGm;juonf/ wpfcgwpf&Hawmhvnf;cifcsdKwkd hpdwfnpf
rdonf/ pmtydk'fwpf&musuf ymkqdkvSsifyif 0D&d,tm;udk;eSifh usufygu jyD;edkifao;onf/ 'DyHkudk 'Dae h
pOf;pm;jyD; tjyD;qGJ&rnfymkqkdygu OD;aeSmufu &TifaevSsif jyD;edkifayonf/ wpfcgwpf&H ÚmPfajcmufcef;
aomtcgrsm;wGif rnfuJhokd haom yHkpHudk xkwfvkyf&rnfudk pOf;pm;í r&edkif1mJ wpfaeukef&onf/OD;aeSmuf
xJrS pOf;pm;ÚmPfymlonf jcpfxkwfaumfxkwfívnf; &aumif;onf rymkwfygacs/
]'dk hawG 'DZdkif;rxGufao;vdk h}
]tdk 1mmyHkyJjzpfjzpf awG hu&m qGJjyvdkuf&if jyD;wmyJ}
]'DvdkvJ rjycsif1ml;uG? rif;wdk hjrefrmawG nHhvSacsuvm;vdk hxifoGm;&if tcuf}

17
 *sDa[mol

axG;axG;u wkd;wdk;av; ajymonf/ cifcsdKwdk h\ twef;q&monf &yf&Sif;vlrsdK; jzpfavonf/

&k&Sm;rSa&mufvmonfrSm rjumao;ojzifh jrefrmwkd h\ tavhtx? tusifhp&dkufudkvnf; aumif;pGm
em;rvnfao;acs/ awG horSs jriforSsudk pl;prf;avhvmjyD; &k&Sm;eSifh ,SOfjunfhavh&Sdavonf/ cifcsdK hpdwfxJ
wGif jrefrmawGudk txifao;rSm pdk;&drfaom tawG;jzifh jynfhaeonf/
cifcsdKwdk htwef;wGif 'kwd,eSpfuwnf;upí &yf&Sifq&mrsm;eSifh a&pufqHkcJh&onf/ OD;qHk;q&m
onf tdk*sDaumhjzpfonf/ t&yfjrifhjrifh cg;udkif;udkif;eSifh vufeSpfzufudk vTJjyD; avSsmufavh&Sdaom q&m\
ymefonf xl;jcm;avonf/ pum;ajymvSsif ol hrkwfqdwf wdkwdkav;udk oyfíoyfí ajymavh&Sdonf/
wpfcgwpf&H jrefrmykqdk;udk cyfwkdwkd 0wfwwfavonf/ jrefrmhtavh? jrefrmhp&dkufudk em;tvnfqHk;
q&mymk qdkedkifayonf/
'kwd,q&monfum; 'dk,dkzD;,uf jzpfonf/ t&yfcyfykyk 00zdkihfzdkifheSifh xm0pOf jyHK;aewwfonf/
&yf&Sifyif jzpfaomfvnf; tar&duef pD;u&ufudkrS aomufwwfonf/ jrefrmjynfrS rdausmif;om;eSifh
ajrGom;udk tonf;pGJatmif judkufeSpfoufavonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;udk em;vnfrSK&SdjyD; oa1mmaumif;
vSonf/
,ckaemufqHk;q&monfum; rpöwm t,fvufZjE´d,m; Apf&Sftl&Sm;aumhymk trnfwGifav\/
jreffrmjynfa&mufvmonfrSmvydkif;om&Sdao;onf/ cifcsdKwkd hausmif;ajy;vSsifol htoiftjyudk reSpfouf
aom ajumifhymk awG;jyD; pdwfraumif; jzpfwwfonf/ pkpkaygif;rS q,fhig;a,mufom &Sdaom cifcsdKwdk h
twef;uav;wGifvnf; vlwpfOD;ajy;vSsif ajy;rSef; odomvSacsonf/
]'Dae hausmif;ajy;wJhvlawG trsm;juD;? 1mmjzpfvdk hrwufwmvJvdk hcsnf; ar;aew,f? aeraumif;
jzpfw,fqdk&atmif uvJ wjydKifeufwnf; zsm;wm rsm;vGe;f w,f? 1m,fvdk ajz&r,fawmif rod1ml;}
]1m,feSpfa,mufawmif aysmufaevdk hvJ}
]udk;a,muf? 'Dae hausmif;wufwm ajcmufa,mufwnf; &Sdw,f}
]ymdkuf}
rwdkifyif1mJeSifh wkdufqdkifukefacsjyD/ twef;xJwGif vlwpf0ufyif r&Sdavawmh q&ma'guef rnfqdk
vSsifvnf; uefoifhvSacsonf/
]naeydkif;awmh vmvdk hrjzpf1ml;xifw,f}
]jyp&m yHkvJ r&Sdao;1ml;}
]uJ pm;rSm pm;ygOD;}
&SHK hrJhrJh jzpfaeaom cifcsdKwdk heSpfOD;1mufodk h,k,kaqGonf 'Haygufyef;uefrsm; xdk;ay;onf/
rqvmeH hu oif;ysH hjyD; a0h0Jvmaom tcgrS wjukwfjukwfjrnfaeaom Adkufudk owd&rdonf/ pufrSKu
pm;aomufqkdifrsm;onf emrnfjuD;avonf/ w&kwfpm? ukvm;pm? jrefrmxrif;ymif; tvHk;pHk tqifh
twef;rDrDeSifh aumif;rGefonf/ ,kaqGonf pm;í ukefvkeD;aejyD jzpfaomfvnf; cifcsdKwdk hudk apmifhjyD;
jznf;jznf;pm;aeonf/
]aymmawmh OD;a&Taumh}

18
 rpE´m

axG;axG;onf o&ufoD;oeyf yef;uefudk vSrf;í cyf,l&if; vufjuD;wef;vef;eSifh &yfoGm;onf/

yg;pyfuav;ymvsuf ezl;jyifwGif csufcsif;yif acGs;rsm; pdk hvmavonf/
]ym,f}
oljunfh&m wpfzufqdkifudk vSrf;junfh&if; cifcsdKonf vufxJrS ZGef;udk a,mifa,mifrSm;rSm; ypfcs
vdkufrdonf/
wpfzufqdkifa&S hwGif cifcsdKwdk htac: OD;a&TaumhtrnfcH q&mjuD; rpöwmtl&Sm;aumhonf rm;rm;
juD; &yfaeonf/ qdkifxJrS vlrsm;udk wpfOD;pD taotcsm vdkufjunfhaeavonf/ jrefrmjynfa&mufprdk h
jrefrmwdk h\ &kyfudk uGJuGJjym;jym; rrSwfrdao;acs/ 0wfpm;jyifqifyHkrsm; a&maxG;aeojzifh ol hwynfhausmf
ausmif;om;rsm; ymkwfrymkwf wpfOD;pD avSsmufjunfhaejcif; jzpfonf/
]1mm 1mm 1mm vkyfjurvJ}
axG;axG;u xpfxpf aighaigh ar;avonf/ xrif;pm;csdefrdk hpm;aomufqdkifxJwGifvnf; vltjynfh
jzpfonf/ ajumifvufwGif rdaom juGufuav;rsm; ozG,f ausmif;ajy;zrf;aom q&mjuD;vufxJwGif
vla&S hola&S hü trdcH&awmhrnf xifonf/ 0l;0l;0g;0g; qlyljyD; ausmif;cef;wGif;odk hqGJac:jcif;udk cH&
ayawmhrnf/ rsufeSmav;rsm; atmufcsjyD; ukyfacsmif;acsmif;vdkufoGm;&rnf xifonf/
]ym,f ym,f ym,f vmjyD}
wpfzufqdkifrS cifcsdKwdk hpm;aeaom qdkif1mufokd hvmaom tcgwGifum; 1mmudkrSs rpOf;pm;ekdifawmh
acs/ pm;vufp 'HaygufyGJrsm;udk ypfjyD; qkdifaemufzuf aiGodrf;pm;yGJqDodk h OD;wnfajy;rdjuonf/
]aymh aeOD; aeOD;av}
'HaygufoHk;yGJeSifh wpfOD;wnf; cef hcef hjuD; xdkifusef&pfaom ,kaqGonfvnf; cifcsdK hvuf udk
vSrf;jyD; qGJum; wymkefxdk; vdkufavonf/ tcsdefrD&Hkuav;yif jzpfonf/ oHk;OD;om; aiGodrf;pm;yGJ
aemufa&mufjyD; ikwfwkwfxdkifcsjyD;onfeSifh q&mjuD;OD;a&Taumhvnf; qdkifa&S ha&mufvmacsawmhonf/
wpfOD;pDudk taotcsm vdkufjunfhavawmhonf/ cifcsdKwdk haemuf1mufwGif xrif;csufaom avrD;zdkjuD;u
w&SJ&SJeSifh jrnfymnf;&if; awmufavmifaeonf/ rD;zdkeSifh uyfaeaomfvnf; axG;axG;\vufrsm;onf
at;pufaeavonf/
rm;rm;juD;&yfaeaom q&mjuD;tm; taygufjum;rS acsmif;junfh&if; &ifxJwGif wqwfqwf
ckefaeonf/ £ajE´rysuf 'Haygufpm;&if;trdcH&onfurSawmfOD;rnf/ pm;yGJaemuf1mufwGif rsufvHk;uv,f
uv,feSifh ikwfwkwfuav;awG xkdifaeonfudk rdoGm;ygrS rymmt&Sufawmf vSvSjuD; uGJacsawmhrnf/
ydkíyif &Sufp&m aumif;acsOD;rnf/
]1mk&m;-1mk&m;-1mk&m;-u,fyg}
,kaqGonf wdk;wdk;av; &Gwfaeonf/ ausmif;wufygvsufeSifh cifcsdKwdk heSifh taygif;aumif;
aomajumifh tajcmufwdkuf 0&rf;ajy;jzpf&&Smonf/ qdkifwGif;rS ausmif;om;rsm;onf tl,m;zm;,m;
xajy;aom cifcsdKwkd hoHk;OD;eSifh qdkifa&S hwGif &yfaeaom q&mjuD;wdk htjzpfudk &,fcsifjuymef &Sdonf/
vlajymifvlaemuf wpfOD;OD;om ygí pm;yGJaemufokd hvufnSdK;nTefjyvdkufygu w&m;cHajy;rsm;udk ikwfwkwf

19
 *sDa[mol

uav;awGawG h&awmhrnf jzpfonf/ odk haomf armifrif;juD;om;rsm; awmf&Smjuygayonf/ £ajE´rysuf

qufpm;aejuonf/ wpfOD;rS azmfaumifrvkyf/
]oGm;jyD oGm;jyD}
acsmif;junfhaeaom axG;axG;onf armymkdufoHav;eSifh ajymonf/ oufjyif;udk ymif;ceJ cs&if;
pm;yGJpGef;av;udk rSDxm;vdkufonf/ wtHhwjojunfh&if; jyHK;aeaom qkdif&Sifukvm;juD;tm; a,mifcsmcsm
oGm;jznf;jyaeaom axG;axG;\ &kyfuav;onf &,fp&maumif;vSacsonf/q&mjuD; tawmfvGefoGm;
aomtcgrS cifcsdKwdk hoHk;OD;om; acgif;axmif&Jawmhonf/ pm;yGJaemufuG,frS ukwfacsmif;acsmif; xGufvm
aom cifcsdKwkd htm; junfhum wpfqdkifvHk; jyHK;aejuonf/ &Sufaomt&Sufonf i,fxdyfodk hwufuyfae
oa,mif cHpm;&onf/ wpfrsufeSmvHk; xlylaeonf/
]ausmif;ajy;csifOD; rSwfyvm;}
'Haygufrsm;udkyif qufrpm;edkifjuawmhacs/ qdkifxJrS a,mifayay xGufvmjujyD;aomtcg
,kaqGu qlavonf/
cifcsdKwkd hvnf; qloHudk remcHtm;/ taqmifodk htjrefqHk; jyefajy;cJhjuonf/ taqmifwGif;ü
tcef;atmif;aeonfyifvSsif a1m;uif;ayrnf/ jyó'g;rvGwfaomae hrdk hnaeydkif;vnf; ausmif;rwuf&J
juawmhacs/
cifcsdKwdk homru a0a0eSifh armfarmfudkvnf; jyó'g; eSdyfpufcJhavonf/ xkdae hxkd&ufwGif
udk&ifarmif? rndKaxG;wdk hjyóemtwGuf olwdk hwawG OD;aeSmufajcmufcJhju&avonf/

***

20
 rpE´m

(7)

]rajymcsifawmh1ml;uG,f rajymcsifawmh1ml;}
a0a0onf vufxJrS pmtkyfrsm;udk pm;yGJay: 1mkef;ceJ ypfcsvdkufonf/ rsufeSmav;u &SHK hrJh
aeaomf vnf; rsufvHk;av;rsm;onf ta&mifawmufyjyD; ymufymufyufyuf &,farmaejuymef &Sdonf/
armfarmfurl jyHK;rvdk? &,frvdkeSifh a&wpfcGuf jynfhjynfhcyfjyD; w&Sdef;xdk;aomufavonf/ xkd haemuf ]tymJ
armfarmfwdk hawmh &SHK;rvm; ekdifrvm;rod} ymk ajymonf/
]rndKaxG; wu,fvsifw,f? uHuvnf; ol h1mufvdkufaevm; rod1ml;}
rajymcsifyg1ml;ymk atmfaeaom a0a0onfcifcsdKrar;1mJeSifh tptrStqHk;Zmwfajumif;jyefavonf/
]ae hcif;u a0a0wkd hawG aEG;at;rSm edk hat;oGm;aomufw,f}
aEG;at;onf tyla&m tat;yg&aom pufrSKpm;aomufqdkif jzpfonf/ vufzufokwf? *sif;okwf?
tmvl;okwfyg tpHk&aom aEGat;wGif vlrjywfvSacs/
]ausmif;om;awG ajymjyD; &,faejuw,f? cifcsdKwdk hawG ae hcif;u uJifwif;rsm 1m&kwfvkyfoGm;ju
w,fqdk}
cifcsdKonf roufromeSifh acgif;jidrhfjy&onf/ olwkd htajumif;uvnf; trSefyif &,fp&mrdk h&,f
yGJzGJ haeaom olrsm;tm;vnf; tjypfrwifedkif&Smacs/
]a0a0wdk hvJ tukefjum;ae&wmaygh? cifcsdKwdk hjzpfyHkuvJ &,fp&mjuD;? 'Dae hawmh cifcsdKwdk h wif
1m&kwfjzpfwmrymkwf1ml;? udk&ifarmifuvJ tlwlwl vkyfoGm;ao;w,f}
]ajymygOD;}
a0a0onf pum;qufrajymekdifao;1mJ ol hymmol &,faeonf/ ckwifay:wGif yufvufvSJ
tdyfaeaom armfarmfonfvnf; a0a0hudk junfhum ymufymufyufyuf &,favonf/
]udk&ifarmifeJ hApfwmeJ haygh? 1mmjzpfvmw,f rod1ml;? udk&ifarmifu rsufrSeftxljuD; wyfjyD;
qdkifxJudk apmif;ief; apmif;ief; eJ h0ifvmw,f}
]udk&ifarmifu rsufrSefwyfvdk hvm;}

21
 *sDa[mol

]rwyf1ml;av? t&ifu ol hrsufcGufrSm rsufrSefrS r&Sdwm? tckawmh 1mmpdwful;aygufjyD; wyfvm

w,f rod1ml;? atmifodyÜHqdkifrSm olwdk htkyfpku xkdifjunfh&if; &,faejuw,f? Apfwmu rsufrSefryg1ml;?
udk&ifarmifhvufudk aemuf1mufu wif;wif;qkyfvdk hayuvyf ayuvyfeJ hav}
Apfwmonf cifcsdKwdk hpufrSKwuúodkvfwGif rsufrSefyg0gtrsm;qHk; wyf&ol jzpfrnf xifonf/
rsufrSefcGswfxm;vSsif tem;u vludkyif vlvHk;ruGJawmhacs/ Apfwm\rsufrSefudk udk&ifarmifu xyfjyD;
warmharmheSifh qdkiful;vmjcif; jzpfonf/
]qdkifa&mufawmh atmufzufrSm acGeufusm; tdyfaewmudk olwdk heSpfa,mufpvHk; rjrif1ml;?
Apfwmu acG;udk wnfhwnfhjuD; wufeif;ygava&m}
Apfwmu acG;udk wufeif;aomtcg at;at;vlvl Zdrf,l&if; rSdef;aeaom acG;eufusm;onf
wudefudefeSifh pl;pl;0g;0g; xatmfavawmhonf/ olwkd h\ ajcaxmufatmufrS acG;atmfoH wudefudef
xGufvmaomtcg eSpfa,mufpvHk; ajrmufceJ aeatmif xckejf uawmhonf/ acG;onf ajumuftm;vef h
tm;eSifh wdk;xGufavonf/ acG;oGm;&mvrf;wGifvnf; olwdk heSpfOD;\ ajcav;acsmif;onf ajrmufjuG
ajrmufjuGeSifh &SKyf&Sufcwfaeonf/ acG;wpfaumifeSifh vleSpfa,muf xkwfqD;xdk;wrf; upm;aejuymefESifh
wlaeavonf/ w0g;0g;&,faejuaom &,foHrsm;ajumifh acG;onf ajumufvef hwjum; twif;wdk;&if;
udk&ifarmif\ ajcusif;0wfudk ymyfrdoGm;avonf/
]acG;udkufygw,fqdkrS udk&ifarmifu wpfawmifavmufjrifhatmif 0kef;ceJ xckefao;w,f? aemufjyD;
awmhrS ol hajcaxmufudk jyL;wl;jyJwJeJ hukef;junfhaew,f}
ajcusif;0wfwGif aoG;rsm; pD;usaeaomfvnf; yg0grsm;vSaom rsufrSefjuD;ajumifh taotcsm
jrifyHkr&acs/ acgif;udk qwfceJ jyefarmhum rsufrSefudk jzKwfjyD; ApfwmqDodk h vSrf;ay;avonf/ rsufrSef
cGswfvdkufaom udk&ifarmifeSifh rsufeSmjyefwyfvdkufjuaom Apfwmwdk honf wpfOD;udk wpfOD; cyfajumif
ajumif junfhaejuonf/ ESpfOD;pvHk; rsufrSefxlpeufajumifh wpfatmifhavmufjumaomtcgrS Apfwmonf
tvef hwjum; xatmfavonf/
]aymhaumif &ifarmif rif;ajcaxmufrSm aoG;awG}
]at;uG}
udk&ifarmifonf trl;rajyao;ymeffeSifh rsufpdudk yGwf&if; cyfat;at; ajymavonf/ qdkifxJrS
ausmif;om;rsm;onf xkdtcgusrS ajcaxmufrS aoG;udk owdxm;rdjuymefwlonf/ wpfa,mufwpfayguf
ajym&if; 0dkif;vmjuonf/ a0a0eSifh twlxdkifaeaom ndKaxG;onf ol hpmtkyfjum;xJwGif nSyfxm;aom
vufudkify0gtjzLav;udk xkwf,lvdkufonf/ aoG;rsm;udk vufjzifh oyfcsvdkufrnf ymefjyifaom
udk&ifarmifxHodk hurf;ay;vdkufonf/
]a&mh 'geJ hywfxm;? taqmifudkjyef? uma1mmfvpfqyfjymeJ htemudk aq;vdkuf? jyD;&if q&m0efudk
oGm;jyOD;? acG;u &l;ae&if tcuf}
ndKaxG;\toHu wdk;wdk;av;yif jzpfonf/ wpfa,mufwpfayguf qlaejuolrsm;txJwGif ol h
toHat;at;av;u jywfjywfom;om; xGufvmojzifhudk&ifarmifonf ndKaxG;\vufudkify0g tjzLav;
udk eSajrmovdk junfhaeonf/ csdKat;aomfvnf; wnfjidrfaeonfh ndKaxG;\ rsufeSmudk wpfcsuf
armhjunfhjyD; ndKaxG; ajymovdk temudk cyfzGzG pnf;vdkufonf/

22
 rpE´m

]uHudku ol h1muf az;aewmudk;? udk&ifarmifudk junfhwm ndKaxG;udk tawmfaus;Zl; wifoGm;yHk

&w,f}
]igwdk hudku nHhwm? igwdk hvJ vufudkify0gay;ekdifom;yJ? owdawmif r&1ml;}
armfarmfonf ajym&if;&,faeonf/ cspfjrm;&Sif ndKaxG;onf tcGifhomcdkufwGifav;nSdK hudk wpfcsuf
wD;cwfvkdufjyefjyD xifonf/ ndKaxG;wD;aom av;nSdK hoHuav;rsm;onf nifomvGef;ojzifh a1m;vlrsm;
yif vHk;0&dyfrdedkifymef rwlacs/
]oJwpfrSKef hESpfrSKef hoHk;cJhjyefjyDxifyg&J h? ymkwfvm; ndKaxG;}
jyHK;jyHK;av; cifcsdKu ar;aomtcg ndKaxG;onf acgif;cgjyavonf/ jyHK;&Tifaeaom ndKaxG;\
rsufeSmoG,foG,fav;rSm tjypfuif;vSonf/
]'Dwpfcg wu,fapwemeJ hay;vdkufwmyg cifcsdK&,f? nKdaxG;xGifwm rymkwfyg1ml;}
ndKaxG; wu,fajymjcif; jzpfymefwlonf/ rmea&mif oef;aewwfaom rsufvHk;ndKuav; rsm;wGif
u&kPma&mif vJhvJhudk cifcsdK &SmawG hoa,mif xifrdonf/

***

23
 *sDa[mol

(8)

]cifcsdKa& x x}
a0a0onf cifcsdK hudk omomav; vSKyfEdSK;onf/ we*FaEGae hrdk hpdwf&Sdvuf&Sd tdyfvdkufrnfymk
pdwful;xm;aom cifcsdKonf rajureyfjzihf vl;vGef h&if; rsufvHk; zGifhvdkuf&onf/
]eSif;awGrS trsm;juD;yJ? tkyfqkdif;aewmyJ? xjunfhprf;yg}
tdyf,mrS rxao;1mJ tjyif1mufodk harSsmfjunfhvdkufonf/ eSif;jrLrsm;onf rdk;aygufuav;rsm;
ozG,f wzGJzGJ usaeonf/ cifcsdKonf xdktcgrS tdyf,mrS vl;vJxjyD; tcef;tjyif1muf xGufvmrdonf/
eHeufajcmufem&Dcef h&SdjyDjzpfaomfvnf; ae0ef;onf vHk;0 rxGufjyLekdifao;acs/ eSif;jzLjzL rsm;u
tkyfqkdif;xm;onf/ taqmifta&S h1muf a1mmvHk;uGif;xJudkyif taotcsm rjrif&/ ]at} taqmifudkrl
a&;a&;av; jrif&avonf/ xrif;pm;aqmifeSifh ausmif; aq;&Hkudkvnf; rawG h&acs/ t&yf&SpfrsufeSm
tukefvHk; eSif;rsm;eSifh rSKefrSdKif;aeonf/
]ym,f aumif;vdkufwm? odyfaumif;wmyJ}
ndKaxG;onf ol htcef;0wGif &yf&if; atmfaeonf/ judk hukef;? tif;pdef1mufwGifvlaetdrfrsm;u jrdK h
xJvdk rxlxyf1mJ usJyg;avonf/ atmufcHodyfonf;rSKenf;ojzifh eSif;jrLrsm;onf odyfodyf onf;onf;
usavh&Sdonf/
]awmpy,fawG oGm;cl;r,f}
ndKaxG;? a0a0eSifh cifcsdKwdk hoHk;OD;om; rsufeSmudk uref;uwef;opfum tajy;xGufvmrdjuonf/
csrf;csrf;pD;pD; eSif;awmxJ wdk;jyD; arT;ysH hysH hpy,fyef;rsm;udk cl;,l&onfrSm aysmfp&m aumif;vSonf/
]aym; 'dk hvJ vdkufr,f}
cifcsdKwdk hudk jrifaomtcg rrcifonf usufvufp pmtkyfudk ypfcsjyD; tajy;tvTm; vdkufvmonf/
*sDaymmaemuf1mufwGif ukef;jrifhuav;eSifh vSdsKrsm; &Sdonf/ xkdukef;jrifhwGif awmpHy,fyifrsm; EG,f,Suf
aygufaejuonfh rSdKif;a0aom eSif;rSHKrsm;eSifhtwl py,fyGifh jzLjzLrsm;onf azG;aeatmif yGifhwwfavonf/
twefi,f vljywfojzifh cifcsdKwdk h eHeufapmapmwGif wpfOD;p? eSpfOD;p roGm;&Jjuay/ vltkyfaumif;vSsif
tzGJ hvdkuf yef;cl;xGufjuonf/

24
 rpE´m

]ym,f trsm;juD; trsm;juD;yJ? azG;aewmyJ}

a0a0onf jzLazG;El;nHhaom py,fyGifhrsm;udk avm1mwjuD; cl;&if; atmfaeonf/ awmifukef;
uav;u odyfrjuD;aomfvnf; py,fyifrsm;onf ymkdem;wpfpk? onfem;wpfpk eSifh tawmfrsm;onf/
py,fyifcsnf;yif jzpfaomfvnf; trsdK;tpm;u rwlacs/ wcsdK hpy,f rsm;onf yGifhzwfcGsefcGsefav;rsm;
jzpfonf/ tcsdK honfum; ao;ao; ekyfekyfav;rsm; jzpfonf/ tcsdK honf yGifhzwf0dkif;eSifh eSpfxyfpy,frsm;
jzpfavonf/ py,fawmifukef; a&mufonfeSifh ymdkjcHKajy;? onfjcHKajy; cl;rekdifatmif jzpfawmhonf/
]ymJh cifcsdK jcHKxJ odyfrwkd;eJ h? ajrGyg; uif;yg;vJ owdxm;OD;? a0a0ua&m urf;yg;&HudkwG,fraeeJ h
OD;? rsufpda&S hu yef;awGyJ ukefatmif cl;ygOD;? ndKaxG; vSsdKxJ rqif;eJ h}
rrcifonf ol h0goemtwkdif; ymdkatmfonfatmfeSifh yef;rsm;udk rJcl;aeonf/ eSif;rsm;ydkí odyfonf;
vmonf/ eSif;pufeSif;rSHKrsm;onf pdk&TJaeaom py,fyifrsm; jum;xJwGif wdk;a0S h aeonfh cifcsdKwdk honf
vnf; tusF DvHkcsnfrsm; pkdukefawmhonf/ eSif;rSHKrsm;wifum vef;pGifhaeonfh yef;jzLav;rsm;onf arT;judkif
oif;ysH hvSonf/ yef;tzl;rsm;aom tcdkifav;rsm;qkdvSsif cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk; rcl;&ufjuacs/ vufusef tzl;
enf;jyD; tyGifhrsm;avvSsif tcdkifvdkuf cl;onf/ tzl;rsm;aom tcdkifqdkvSsif tyGifhvdkuf acGscl;onf/
a0a0onf yef;cl;&if; wpfzufuvnf; acGacgufxm;aom qHyifwGif yef;cdkifrsm; xdk;pdkufyefqifaeonf/
awmifwpfcuf ajrmufwpfcuf jzpfovdk a0aeatmif yefqifxm;onf/
]aym; awmfa&maygh? 'Davmuftrsm;juD;&aerS? wpfaqmifvHk;awmif a0vdk h&w,f awmfa&maygh}
rrcifu avmaqmfaomtcgrS cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk; py,fukef;rS rcGmcsif cGmcsif cGmvmcJhju&onf/
vufxJwGif pHy,fyef;rsm; wayG hwydkuf&xm;aomfvnf; tyifwGif usefaeao;onfh yef;av;rsm;udk
oHa,mZOf tjrSifrjywfedkif1mJ vufvSrf;rDorSs cl;csifaeao;onf/
]eSif;awG ydkawmif rsm;vmao;w,f? ausmif;1mufu pG,fawmfawGyg oGm;cl;ju&atmif}
a&ajrmif;av;udk ckefausmf&if; ndKaxG;u ajymavonf/ ndKaxG; wpfacgif;vHk; yef;awG a0ae
onf/ rsufawmifaumhwGif eSif;pufav;rsm; wGJ&GJcdkaeavonf/ tusF DjzLjzLav;onfum;aywl;aeonf/
xkdtcgrS cifcsdKvnf; udk,fhudk,fudk junfhrdonf/ zHkrsm;ayaeaom opf&Gufay:wGif eSif;pufrsm;usjyD;
pdkaepOf jcHKwdk;cJhjuojzifh cifcsdKwdk h wpfudk,fvHk; zHkeSifha& a&mokwfxm;ovdk aywl;wl; jzpfaejuavonf/
]at; pG,fawmfawGyg oGm;cl;&atmif}
rrcifu axmufcHonfhtwGuf cifcsdKwdk hwpfzGJ hvHk; taqmifudk rjyefjzpfao;1mJ ausmif;taemuf
1mufrS ywfjyD; avSsmufvmrdjuonf/ cifcsdKwdk hausmif;onf uHhaumfawmymk rwifpm;edkifaomfvnf;
pG,fawmf&dyfndKymk qdkygu qdkekdifonf/ cifcsdKwdk h yxreSpfu eSpfvTmaygif;rS wpf&Gufjzpfaom pG,fawmf
&Gufav; rsm;udk cl;jyD;? pmtkyfjum;wGif nSyf&if; &l;cJhjuao;onf/ c&rf;&ifha&mif? yef;&ifha&mif pG,fawmf
yef; av;rsm;udk twef; tul;tajymif; oGm;&if; vm&if; cl;jyD yefwwfjuonf/
]ym 1mmvkyfwmvJ? rda0a0aemf jyefay; jyefay;}
&lyaA'Xmeem;odk hta&mufwGif tvpfacsmif;aeaom a0a0onf rrcif\vufxJrS yef;rsm;udk
qwfceJ qGJvk&if; xGufajy;avawmhonf/

25
 *sDa[mol

]ighyef;awG jyefay; rda0a0 tpkwfyvkwfrav;}

ol wyifwyef; cl;vmorSs tukefygoGm;ojzifh rrcifonf aqG haqG hckefaeonf/ tpoefovdk
tajy;oefaom a0a0onf eSif;awmxJodk hwymkefxdk; ajy;onf/ yg;pyfrSvnf; ]tysdKjuD;awG ymdkymmr&vdk h
vrf;ay: rwfwyfckef py,fyef;awGvJ ukef *sDaymmaqmifjuD;wkef aAxHk aAxHk} ymk &,farm&if; aygufu&
atmfoGm;onf/ rrcifonfvnf; vHkcsnfwkdwkd jyif0wf&if; atmfum ympfumeSifh ajy;vdkufavawmhonf/
ausmif;ydwf&uf eHeuf apmapm eSif;rsm; xlxyfcsddefrdk holwdk htoHrSty wpfausmif;vHk; wdwfqdwfaeonf/
vl&dyfol&dyfvnf; rjrif&? vloHolvHvnf; rjum;&/
]atmifrav;awmh 1mk&m;u,fyg}
1mmrSs rjumvdkuf? rdepf0ufyif &Sdrnf rxif? rrcif\ atmfoHeSifhtwl vJjydKoHudk jum;&awmh
onf/ aemuf1mufrS ajy;vdkufvmaom ndKaxG;eSifh cifcsdKwdk honf a1mmif;1mDwdkav;0wfum av;zuf
axmufvsufom; jzpfaeaom 'o*D&dwdk hudk awG h aomtcg r&,f1mJ raeedkifawmhacs/ reufapmapm
xjyD; tajy;usifhaom'o*D&donfurl;&SL;xkd;ajy;vdkufaomrrcifeSifha&Smifomwdrf;omaom vrf;us,fwGif
ra&Smifedkif rwdrf;ekdif wnfhwnfhjuD; wdk;rdjuymef wlonf/
]ajomf 'o*D&d}
]cifAsm}
rrcifonf ol ha&S hwGif av;zufaxmifaeoltm; junfhum y#doE¦m&pum;qdkavonf/ ol hudk
'o*D&dymk 1mGJ hxl;emrfxl;ay;xm;onfudk rod&Smaom wpfzufom;crsmrSmawmh em;vnfedkifymef rwlacs/
]1mmjzpfjuwmvJ}
a0a0onf &lyaA'Xmeatmuf1muf avSum;rS jyHK;usJusJeSifh xGufvmonf/ avSum;atmufwGif
0ifykef;aejyD; qlqlnHnH jum;rS raeedkif1mJ xGufvmymef &Sdonf/ a0a0hudk jrifaomtcgrS 'o*D&donf
owd0ifvmovdk uref;uwef; rwfwyf&yfvkdufavonf/
]tymJ 'DtoHawG jrifzl;ygw,fvdk hawmh txifom;}
'o*Dd&donf yGef;oGm;aom 'l;udk yGwf&if; ta,mifa,mif trSm;rSm; ajymonf/ a1m;wGif tapmifh
ta&Smuf oHkh;a,mufawmifygavawmh a0a0onf tawmfowådaumif;avonf/
]a0a0uvJ a&S huajy;vmwJhol jum;zl;ygw,fvdk hxifaewm}
a0a0onf &,foHav;eSifh ajymaomtcgrS 'o*D&donf ol pum;ajymrSm;oGm;jcif;udk &dyfrdymef
&Sdonf/ rsufeSmwpfckvHk; &JceJ jzpfoGm;avonf/
]oGm;OD;r,f} ymk eSKwfquf&if; wcsdK;wnf; vpfavawmhonf/
]rSwfyvm;ym 'o*D&d}
a0a0onf &,foHav;eSifh judrf;avonf/cifcsdKurl'DwpfcgwGif'o*D&d1mufrSvdkufí ajymjzpfonf/

26
 rpE´m

]ajomf a0a0&,f 'o*D&dvJ tonf;eSvHk;awmh &Sdygw,f vludk rcifayr,fh eSvHk;om;udkawmh

todtrSwfjyKoifhygw,f}
]rjyKeJ ha0a0 roem;eJ hrjuifemeJ h? oem;wwfwJh rdef;uav;ymm tcspfyGJrSm ppfcif;jupwrf;qdk&if
wyef;&SHK;jyDom rSwfayawmh}
ndKaxG;onf rrcif acgif;rS jyKwfusoGm;aom yef;uav;rsm;udk ulaumufay;&if; ajymonf/
ndKaxG;\rsufeSmwpfzufodk hvSnfhaeojzifh rmea&mif 0if;aeoavm? u&kPm&dyforf;aeoavm? rcHcsif
pdwfeSifh x,faeoavm? cifcsdK taotcsm rodacs/ ndKaxG;onf olpm;rnfh rkef hwGif yk&Gufqdwfrsm;
wufaevSsifyif wpfaumifcsif; jznf;jznf;oufom z,favh&Sdonf/ cyfjurf;jurf; z,fxkwfvdkufygu
aoajuukefrnfpdk;aomajumifh jzpf\/ yk&Gufqdwfudkyif tom;vGwfrowf&ufaom ndKaxG;onf roem;
eJ hymk a0a0hudk oifwef;ay;aomtcg cifcsdK &,fcsifonfum; trSefyif/ ndKaxG;onf rmejuD;onfeSifhtrSs
u&kPmvnf; juD;onfudk cifcsdKwdk h aumif;aumif; odaomajumifh jzpfonf/

***

27
 *sDa[mol

(9)

]ndKaxG;}
toHu cyfwdk;wkd;yif jzpfonf/ odk haomf udk&ifarmif\ toHrSef; cifcsdK rSwfrdojzifh vSnfhjunfh
rdonf/ udk&ifarmifonf cifcsKdwkd hem;odk hoGufoGufavSsmufvmonf/ aumf&pf'gvloGm;vrf;wGifvltoGm;
tvm &SKyfaeojzifh cifcsdKwkd honf a1m;1mufodk huyfjyD; &yfaevdkufjuonf/
]vufudkify0gav; jyefay;rvdk hyg}
tem;a&mufaomtcgrS jyHK;í ajymonf/ jyHK;vdkufaomtcg udk&ifarmifhrsufeSmonf eke,foGm;
onf/ cifcsdKwdk hxifoavmuf toufjuD;yHk r&acs/
]tJ'Dae hu uGsefawmfeJ hApfwm aemufajymifjyD; twwfqef; juwm? acG;udkufvdk haowJh romrsm;
ay:&ifawmh 1m,folrS oem;rSm rymkwf1ml;aemf}
tdwfxJrS vufudkify0gav;udkrl w&dkwao xkwfay;onf/ tuste jyefavSsmfjyD; rD;yljyef h jyef h
wdkufxm;ymef &Sdavonf/
]acG;&l;aq; xdk;ao;vm;}
ndKaxG;onf trSwfwrJhyif vufudkify0gav;udk pmtkyfjum; nSyfvdkufjyD; ar;onf/ cifcsdKwkd ha&S h
qufjyD; avSsmufcJhaomtcg udk&ifarmifvnf; vdkufvmonf/
]acG;u taumif;yJAsm? ol hcrsm rsufpdaemufvGef;vdk hudkufwmyg}
udk&ifarmifu roufrom ajymaomtcgwGif cifcsdKa&m ndKaxG;yg tm;rem edkif1mJ jyHK;&,frd
juavonf/ ndKaxG;u &,faomtcg udk&ifarmif\ rsufeSmonf &SufaoG;rTef;ovdk eDoGm;onf/ xkd h
aemufrS vdkufa&mjyD; wymm;ymm; &,fawmhonf/
cifcsdKwdk hausmif;atmuf1mufrS tjzwfwGif armfarmfwdk hudk awG h&onf/ pmtkyfawG wayG h
wydkufeSifh pmtkyfqkdifrS jyefvmjuymef &Sdonf/ pum;ajym&if; avSsmufvmaom cifcsdKwdk h oHk;OD;udk awG h
aomtcg rsufvHk;av;rsm; jyL;oGm;juonf/ udk&ifarmifudk wpfvSnfh? ndKaxG;udk wpfvSnfh rodrom
junfh&if; tuJcwfaejuaom olwdk heSpfOD;udk junfh&if; cifcsdK &,fcsifvmonf/ eSpfOD;om; a&S hquf
ravSsmuf1mJ aemufajumif;jyefjyD; ndKaxG;em; uyfvmavonf/

28
 rpE´m

]temaysmufjyDvm;}
armfarmfonf tpr&Sd tqHk;r&Sd1mJ jAKef;ceJ ESKwfqufvdkufonf/
]ajomf ymkwfuJ aysmufygjyD}
]1mmaq;xnfhao;vJ}
rSefrSefavSsmufaeaom ndKaxG;eSifh udk&ifarmiftjum;odk ha0a0a&m armfarmfyg uef hvef h uef hvef h
0ifvmjuonf/ ndKaxG;onf rodromav;jyHK;í a1m;odk hcsJay;avonf/ tom;vGwfjuD; omoemvdkuf
zsufonfudk ajrGajrGcsif;rdk hajcjrifymef &Sdonf/ ukd&ifarmifurl ol hudk wpfcgrS azmfazmfa&Ga&G eSKwfrquf
zl;aom a0a0wdk hwawG azmfa&GyHkqefk;aeí tHhjoaeyHk &onf/
armfarmfeSifh a0a0 atmifjrifaeonfymk qkd&avrvm;awmh rodygacs/ udk&ifarmifeSifh ndKaxG;onf
qufjyD; pum;ajymcGifhr&onfum; trSefyif/ vrf;cGJa&mufjyD; eSKwfqufjuonftxda0a0eSifh armfarmfwkd h
om a&yufr0if pum;ajymjuavonf/
]armfarmfwdk hudk ndKaxG; aus;Zl;wifvdkufwm}
]ymif 1mmjyKvdk hvJ}
]ndKaxG; udk&ifarmifeJ hpum;&Snf&Snf rajymcsifao;1ml;? a0a0wkd ha&mufvmawmh tawmfaygh}
]ymif 1mmjyKvdk h}
]ajomf a0a0&,f? ppfyGJqdkwm trsdK;rsdK; &Sdw,f? xdk;ppf &Sdw,f? cHppf &Sdw,f? qkwfppf &Sdw,f}
ndKaxG;onf udk&ifarmif oleSifh pum;&Snf&Snf ajymcsifonfudk odojzifh rodromav; qkwfvkd
ymef &Sdonf/ wpfzufu qkwfvSsif vl ho1mm0t& wpfzufu wufpjrJyifwnf;/ odk haomf xdk;rnfhqif
aemufodk hwpfvSrf;qkwfavh&Sdonfudk cifcsdKu jrifaeonf/
olwdk huysuf,ysuf vkyfcgrS ndKaxG;u tjudkufusjyD; aus;Zl;wifygonfymk qdkojzifh a0a0wdk h
eSpfOD;om; tawmfyif pdwfysufvufysuf jzpfoGm;juavonf/ olwdk heSpfOD; 0ifa&mjcif;onf ndKaxG;udk
wifay;ovdk jzpfaerSef; ,ckrSyif &dyfrdymef &Sdonf/
]cHayghymm}
armfarmfonf ol hezl;udk ol&dkuf&if; &,favawmhonf/ ol h&,foHu us,fojzifh a1m;rS jzwfoGm;
olrsm;u junfhoGm;aom tcg yg;pyfudk uref;uwef; ydwfvdkufonf/ taqmifwGif aqmhvSaemufvS
aomfvnf; taqmiftjyifa&mufvSsif olawmfaumif; ozG,f £ajE´q,favh&Sdonf/
]rajymr&SdeJ haymh}
cifcsdKwdk hav;OD;om; a,musfm;av;taqmifem;rS tjzwfwGif taqmifxufrS armif;uGJjuD;
xkovdk toHukefatmfavonf/ rdef;uav;rsm; jzwfvSsif wpfaqmifvHk;ukef? a&csdK;cef;xJrS vlyg rsufeSm
okwf y0gywfjyD; xGufjunfhavh&SdjuonfrSm pufrSK ausmif;om;wdk htusifhjzpfonf/ cifcsdKwdk hausmif;
a&mufpu ]rajymr&SdeJ h} toHjum;vSsif ajcvSrf;trSm;rSm;eSifh acgif;ikH hum tjrefavSsmufwwfjuaomfvnf;

29
 *sDa[mol

,cktcgwGifum; ta&xlaejujyD jzpfí wpfaqmifvHk; ruvdk h1m,feSpfa,muf 0dkif;atmfatmf £ajE´rysuf

juawmh? rajumufjuawmhay/
]odjua&maygh? armfarmf rSefajymif;wpfvufavmuf &atmif &SmOD;r,f}
armfarmfonf wdk;wdk;av; judrf;vdkufonf/ rdef;uav;taqmifudk rSefajymif;eSifh junfhavh
&Sdonfqdkí cifcsdKwdk htukefvHk; txdwfxdwf tvef hvef hjzpfcJhju&onf/ a,musfm;av; taqmifudkvnf;
tjyeftvSef rSefajymif;eSifh acsmif;vdkaom qE´ tm;vHk;wGif &Sdjuavonf/

***

30
 rpE´m

(10)

]cifcsdKa& 'DrSm junfhprf;}

armfarmfonf cifcsdK\tcef;wGif;odk hcyfoGufoGuf vSrf;0ifvmonf/ ol hvufxJrS rSefajymif;juD;udk
axmifjyavonf/ 1m,fuae 1m,fvdkrsm; &atmif&SmvmcJhavonf rod&acs/ armfarmfh aemuf1mufrS
a0a0onf jyHK;pyfpyfeSifh vdkufvmonf/
]1m,folrS rajymeJ haem}
]at;yg rajymyg1ml;}
rdef;uav;awG rSefajymif;wpfvufeSifh a,musfm;av;aqmif1mufodk hjunfhjuonfymlaom owif;
udkom taqmifrSL;jum;oGm;vSSsif cifcsdKwdk hwawG oufomrnf rymkwfacs/ xkd hajumifhvnf; a0a0wkd h
onf pdwfcs,Hkjunfavmufaom cifcsdKwkd hvlpkavmufom rSefajymif;&Sdajumif; todcHjcif;jzpfymefwlonf/
odk haomf ol hrSefajymif;juD;onf q,fh&Spf&mpku xkwfvkyfcJhaom rSefajymif;jzpfymefwlonf/ a&S;acwf
&kyf&Sif um;rsm;xJwGif yifv,f"m;jyrsm; oHk;aom wpfzufjunfhrSefajymif; &SnfjuD;jzpfonf/
]aym; ymkd;taqmifay:u tusF Dt0gav;eJ hausmif;om;udk junfh&atmif}
taqmif ]1mD} tay:qHk;xyfwGif tusF Dt0geSifh &yfaeaom ausmif;om;wpfOD;udk OD;pGm rsufrSef;
wef;rdonf/ vlymefudk jrifae&aomfvnf; tawmfuGmvSrf;ojzifh vlvHk;roJuGJacs/ rnfol rnf0grSef;
rSef;qí r&acs/
]yxrqHk; rSefajymif;udk jidrfaeatmif csddef&r,f}
q,fh&Spf&mpkeSpfu rSefajymif;udk toHk;rjyKwwfaom cifcsdKudk a0a0onf rSefajymif;junfhenf;
oifay;avonf/ ukvm;xdkifaemufrSDay:wGif acgif;tHk;rsm; ckwifum rSefajymif;udk wifjyD; udk,fjunfhvdk
&m1mufokd hOD;pGmcsdef&avonf/ tay:wdk; atmufqkwf? 1m,fa&T hnma&T hESifh csdefrdaomtcgwGif rSefajymif;
udk ra&G h&Sm;ap&ef acgif;tHk;rsm;eSifh ckjyD; xdef;xm;vdkuf&onf/ xkd haemuf rSefajymif;udk rxdawmh1mJ a&S h
1mufrS rSef1mDvl;udkom csdefom;udkufatmif wjznf;jznf; vSnfhay;&avonf/ rsufpdwpfzufwnf;
junfhae&onfhtwGuf tm;aeaom 1m,f1mufrsufpdudk vuf0g;eSifh tkyfxm;&onf/ olwdk hrSefajymif;
juD;udk toHk;jyK&onfrSm tawmfyifyef;vSonf/
]aymm-aymm-junfvmjyD? junfvmjyD? jrif&jyD? aymm-aymmawmh-tJ'g apmndK&,f}

31
 *sDa[mol

nmzufrsufpd wpfzufwnf;jyL;xGufvmrwwf tyef;wjuD; junfhae&SmaomcifcsdKonftusF Dt0g

eSifh rif;om;udk taotcsmawG haomtcg yufvufvefoGm;avonf/ apmndKonf cifcsdKwdk hXmerS
ausmif;om;jzpfonf/ XmewGif rawG hcsiftqHk; tcsdefjynfh awG hae&oludkrS tyef;wjuD; rSefajymif;eSifh
rsufpdprf;rdavojzifh cifcsdK idkcsif&,fcsif jzpfoGm;onf/ xkd hajumifh rSefajymif;pjumudk tenf;i,f a&T hay;
vdkufonf/
]tJ-tJ-'Dwpfcgawmh tom;jzLw,f? 'Drif;om;u a&csdK;jyD;p xifw,f? tusF Dr0wf& ao;1ml;}
]1m,folvJ-1m,folvJ}
]rod1ml;? jrifawmhjrifzl;w,f}
cifcsdKwdk honf ausmif;wuf&ifhvSjyD jzpfaomfvnf; wpfausmif;vHk;&Sd ausmif;om;rsm;udk tukef
rodacs/ tukefrajymeSifh? av;yHkwpfyHkyif odrnfrxif? wpf0ufavmufudkawmh jrifzl;awG hzl; rsufrSef;wef;
rdonf xifonf/
]tm-'Dvluawmh wpfrsdK;? tcef;tjyifxGufjyD; acgif;zD;aew,f? atmifrm-atmifrm- acgif;zD;&if;
jyHK;aew,f? aymm-atmfaew,f? wpfckck atmfaew,f? aumifrav;awG jzwfoGm;vdk hxifw,f? rSwfxm;?
rSwfxm;? 'DrsufeSmawmhvm;? *sDaymma&S ha&muf&if taoyJ}
cifcsdK hvufrS rSefajymif;udk vkjyD; junfhaeaom a0a0onf yg;pyfrS wwGwfwGwf ajymaeonf/
cifcsdK hvdk wkefwkefcsdcds rymkwf1mJ wpfzufjunfhrSefajymif;udk usifvnfpGm csdefwwfavonf/
*sDaymmaqmifonf ,cifu q&mrsm; aexdkif&ef &nf&G,fcJhjcif;jzpfonfymk qdkonf/ xkd hajumifh
tcef;rsm;onf us,fjyD; vif;vSonf/ tcef;wdkif;wGif a&csdK;cef; tdrfom wpfckpD ygonf/tvif;
a&mifeSifhav aumif;pGm&jyD; aeí aumif;vSaomfvnf; wHcg;udk zGifhxm;vSsif tcef;wGif;odk hvif;vif;
csif;csif; wef;jrif&onfuawmh cufvSonf/ a&csdK;jyD;p xrdef&ifvsm;eSifh ausmif;olrsm;? tdyf&may:wGif
ajcaxmufaxmif tdyfaeolrsm;onf ausmif;om;rsm;\ rSefajymif;'Pfudk rjumcP cH&&Smonfymk tqkd
&Sdavonf/ a0a0wdk hu rSefajymif;wpfvufeSifh *vJhpm;acsaejuajumif;om armifausmif;om;wkd hodvSsif
ymm;wkdufí &,favrvm;? pdwfysufvufysuf nnf;avrvm;? cifcsdK aumif;pGm rawG;wwfacs/
]t,f-t,f-'Dwpfa,mufu rSefajymif;juD;eJ h? *sDaymm1mufudk junfhaew,f? tm;-a0a0wdk h1muf
udk junfhaewm? tif-tif-t,f-aoygjyD? 'o*D&djuD;awmh}
a0a0onf rSefajymif;juD;udk jAKef;ceJ vTwfcsvdkufavonf/ rSefajymif;juD;w0if;0if;eSifh rsufvHk;
csif; pum;ajymvdkuf&onfhtwGuf rsufeSmuav;rSm jzLwpf0uf? eDwpf0uf jzpfaeonf/
]ao ym}
rarmfonf ymufymufyufyuf &,f&if; tcef;wHcg;udk wGef;ydwfvkdufonf/ olcdk; olcdk;csif; wpfOD;
eSifh wpfOD; qHkaomtcg vef hjzef hjyD; atmfjuonfymk jum;zl;onf/ a0a0h tjzpfonfvnf; xdktjzpfeSifh
wlrnf rxifyg/
]a0a0hudk rSefajymif;juD;junfh&ufeJ hawG hoGm;rSmawmh}

32
 rpE´m

]ymvdk-eSra':? armifa':vJ rSefajymif;juD;eJ hygyJ? udp rpd1ml;? r&SufygeJ heSra':vdk h vSrf;ajymwm

rjum;vdkuf1ml;vm;}
ymufymufyufyuf &,faeaom armfarmfhudk a0a0onf ajumifpDpDav; junfhaeonf/
xdk haemuf acgif;tHk;juD;udk qGJum 'kef;'dkif;eSifh udkifaygufavawmhonf/ acgif;tHk;wpfvHk;jyD;
wpfvHk; udkifayguf&if; ol hymmol raeedkif1mJ &,favawmhonf/
]at;ym,f-juHjuHzefzef jzpf&w,f}
rSefajymif;eSifh qufjunfh&ef tjuHudk vufavSsmhvdkufjuonf/ tcef;xJrS csufcsif;rxGuf&Jao;
aomajumifh cifcsdKwdk hckwifay:wGif pkxdkifrdjuavonf/ ajymrdajym&m pyfrdpyf&m ajymaeju&if; a0a0
onf cifcsdK hvufudk qGJjunfhavonf/ vu©Pm ta&;tajumif;rsm;udk em;vnfymefeSifh taotcsm
junfhaeonf/
]a0a0-eifwu,fvJ rwwf1mJeJ h}
]enf;enf;yg;yg;awmh odygw,f}
ymdkpyfpyf 'Dpyfpyf 0goemygaom a0a0onf vu©Pmudkvnf; tenf;tyg; junfhwwfonfqkd
onfrSm jzpfekdifayrnf/
]aym;-1mmvkyfaejuwmvJ? atmifr,f-a0a0u vu©Pmjunfhwwfvdk hvm;? ndKaxG;udk junfhay;
prf;yg}
ndKaxG;onf tcef;xJ vSrf;0ifvmonf/ a0a0ha&S hwGif vuf0g;av;jzef h&if; junfhcdkif;aomtcg
jyHK;usJusJeSifh ajymavonf/
]ndKaxG; wu,f0goemygovm;}
]'gaygh}
]rarmfwkd hwpfcgjukd hukef;&GmxJrSm ar;zl;w,f? ukvm;t1mkd;juD; odyfrSefwmyJ}
]ym,f-ndKaxG; ar;csifvdkufwm}
]tm;wJhae hajymav? vkdufydk hay;r,f}
ol hudk tuJcwfymefeSihf junfhaeaom a0a0tm; armfarmfonf rsufpdwpfzufrSdwfjy vdkufonfudk
cifcsdK &dyfceJ jrifvdkuf&onf/ wpfckckawmh wpfckckyJ jzpfrnf/ 1mmwpfckrSef;awmh cifcsdK taotcsm
rodacs/

***

33
 *sDa[mol

(11)

1mmwpfckckrSef;rodí cifcsdK hpdwfxJwGif paemifhpeif;jzpfaeaomfvnf; nKdaxG;u aA'ifoGm;ar;&

atmifymk tazmfpyfaomtcg vdkufjzpfavonf/ rSwfrSwf&& xdkae honf vjynfhae hjzpfonfymk cifcsdK
rSwfrdonf/ ausmif;ydwf&ufjzpfojzifh cifcsdKeSifh ndKaxG;onf eHeufapmapmwGif armfarmfOD;aqmif&m
aemufokd hwaumufaumufvdkufvmjuavonf/ a0a0eSifh armfarmfonf judk hukef;&Gmav;xJwGifawmh
wu,fhudk uGsrf;usifvSonf/ wpfcgwpf&H &GmxJwGif wpfaeukefavSsmufvnfae havh&Sdonf/ judk hukef;&Gm
xJrS vmjyD; cifcsdKwkd htaqmifa&S hwGif qD;oD;? iSufaysmoD;? aumufnSif;aygif;ponfwkd hudk a&mif;aom
aps;onfuav;rsm;eSifhvnf; i,faygif;juD;azmfozG,f cifrifvSonf/ acsmifjudkacsmifjum;rS tajumfqdkif?
rkef hymif;cg;qdkif tukefvHk; olwkd hodvnf; odekdifvSonf/
]a0a0yg&if aumif;rSmaemf}
]at;uG,f-'Dae hrS ol hta':uvnf; qGrf;auGs;&Sdw,fwJh}
armfarmfonf pdwfysufvufysuf ajymonf/ ol hjunfh&onfrSm a0a0rygojzifh odyfjyD; pdwfygvSyHk
r&acs/ pum;tcH&Sdaomajumifhom vdkufydk h&jcif; jzpfymef wlonf/
]OD;&efuem; &SdrS&Sdyghhrvm;awmif rod1ml;}
]OD;&efuem;wJhvm;}
]tif; armfarmfawmh ol hemrnfudk tJ'DvdkyJ jum;rdw,f xifwmyJ}
]emrnfu &,fp&mjuD;}
]vluvJ &,fp&maumif;w,f? 'gayr,fh oGm;r&,feJ h? olu vu©PmaA'ifomru1ml;? orxvJ
aygufw,fwJh? olrsm;pdwfxJrSm jzpfwmudk tvdkvdk odw,fwJh}
armfarmfhpum;udk cifcsdKwu,faxmufcHrdonf/ OD;&efuem;onf emrnfomru vlyg &,fp&m
aumif; onfrSm trSefyif jzpf\/
rnfolrnfrSs tom;rnf;onfqdkqdk OD;&efuem;avmufawmh rnf;ekdifrnf rxifacs/
aq;rnf;okwfxm;ovdk arSmifaeatmif rnf;onf/ qHyifudkrl qm'l;rsm; xHk;ovdk xdyfwnfhwnfhwGif
a,mifaypl;ozG,f xHk;xm;onf/ OD;&efuem;\ qHyifonf jzef hcs vdkufygu ausmwpf0ufavmufawmh
&Snfrnf xifonf/ a&Tudkif;rsufrSeft0dkif;av;onf ol htom;rnf;eJ hawmh vdkufzufoa,mif &Sdonf/
um;pGifhaeaom eSKwfcrf;arT;juD;onfum; yknSufaom cE¨mudk,fav;eSifh junfhraumif;vSay/ wpfjcm;pD

34
 rpE´m

jzpfaeovdk &,fp&maumif;aeonf/ oleSifh rwefwq yGaeaom &SyftusF Dudk vufju,foD;? &if1muf

ju,foD; taphwyfjyD; 0wfxm;onf/ tusF DtjzLeSifh ydwfjzLvHkcsnf wdk hajumifh ol htom;rnf;rnf;rSm
ydkí rnf;aeymef wlonfymk cifcsdKawG;rdavonf/
ausmufoifykef;wpfcsyfeSifh ymkdjcpfonfjcpf wGufaeaom OD;&efuem;onf r0Hr&J 0ifvmaom
cifcsdKwdk htm; cyfpl;pl; vSrf;junfhonf/
]&efuem; odw,fav? 'D-oli,fraemf? vu©Pmtm;juD; ar;csifw,f}
cifcsdKwdk hwawG juHk hjuHk h,Hk h,Hk hav; xdkifjyD;juaomtcg pl;prf;ymefeSifh junfhaeaom ndKaxG;udk
vufnSdK;xdk;í ajymvdkufonf/ emrnfeSifh vlom tcsdK;rusonfrymkwf? ol h toHuvnf; tcsdK;rusvS
acs/ toHpl;pl;ao;ao;eSifh cyfav;av;ajymonf/ cifcsdKwdk htaqmifa&S hwGiftusF Daymmif;? vHkcsnfaymmif;
eSifh yvwfpwpf ypönf;rsm; vmí vJavh &Sdaom ukvm;rsm; 0JyHkrsdK; 0Jojzifh cifcsdKwdk hawG hzl;aom aA'if
q&mrsm;eSifh rwlonfum; trSefyif/
]'D1mufu oli,frav;aemf? &efuem;udkjunfhjyD; &,fcsifaew,f? raumif;1ml;aemf? r&,fygeJ h?
&efuem;pdwfqdk;&ifaemf ydkjyD; raumif;1ml; &Sdr,f}
]ymdkuf}
aA'ifq&mudkjunfh&if; yvwfpwpf? ZvHk? cGuf? jcif;rsm; wxkyfwydk;eSifh vmavh&Sdaom ukvm;udk
awG;xifjrifa,mifrdaom cifcsdKcrsm ymdkufceJ jzpfoGm;onf/ rsufarSmif rodrom csD&if; cifcsdK hudk
cyfapmif;apmif;junfhaom OD;&efuem;onf pdwfwGif;udkvnf; xGif;azmufjrifedkifymef &Sdonf/ cifcsdK hausm
xJwGif pdrfhceJ jzpfoGm;jyD; uref;uwef; £ajE´qnfvdkuf&onf/
]&efuem; odw,fav? t*FgorD;vmyg? a&S hwkd;yg? nm1mufvuf0g;jyyg}
ndKaxG;udk t*FgorD;ymk 'ufceJ ajymjyD; a&S hwkd;cdkif;onf/ ndKaxG;onf rsufvHk;uav; t0dkif;om;
eSifh uref;uwef; a&S hwdk;um vuf0g;av;jzef hjyavonf/
]oli,fraemf i,fi,fu tm;juD;aysmfw,f? armifeSr okH;a,muf&Sdw,faemf? oli,fru ti,fqHk;?
rSefovm;}
]ymkwf ymkwfygw,f}
]tckavrd1mawGeJ hcGJae&w,f? oli,frtdrfudkowd&w,f?pdwfnpfw,faemfrnpfygeJ htm;vHk;
aumif;w,f? ynma&; tm;juD;aumif;w,f? 1mGJ htjuD;juD; &r,faemf &efuem;udk rarhygeJ h? jrefrmjynfrSm
wpfck&r,f ymdk;ta0;juD;rSm aemufxyf wpfck&r,f}
]ymkwfuJh}

OD;&efuem;onf rsufrSef*dkif;udk udkifum vuf0g;jyifudk taotcsm iHk hjunfhonf/ tcsdK h ta&;tajumif;

rsm;onfum; rxif&Sm;ymefeSifh vufeSifh yGwfjunfhonf/ vluom tymef h r&Sd1mJ &,fp&maumif;aeaomf
vnf; ol hynmonf ao;yHkr&acs/
]q,feSpfavmufwkef;uaemf? tjuD;tus,f aeraumif;jzpfzl;w,f? &efuem; odw,f ymkwfovm;}

35
 *sDa[mol

]ymkwfygw,f &efuem; tJ tJ OD;&efuem;}

ndKaxG;u tm;wufoa&m ajzavonf/ ndKaxG; i,fi,fu wdkufzGdKufjzpfí aq;&HkwufcJh&zl;
onfh tajumif;udk cifcsdKwdk hodonf/ aymmorSs rSefí ,Hkjunfpdwf rsm;jym;vmonf/ OD;&efuem;onf
cifcsdKwdk h1mufodk hrodrom apGjunfhjyD; acsmif;wpfcsuf ymef hvdkufonf/ ]armfarmf rajymvm;? OD;&efuem;
u odyfrSefwm} ymk armfarmfonf wdk;wdk;av; ajymonf/
]rmejuD;w,faemf raumif;1ml;? oli,frav tm;juD;rmejuD;w,f}
rSefjyD;&if; rSefjyD;rdk hcifcsdKyif OD;&efuem;udk txifjuD;vmonf/ OD;&efuem;onf ndKaxG;\
1m,f1muf vufz0g;udkyg jzef hcdkif;jyD; taotcsm junfhaeonf/ xdk haemuf acgif;udk 1m,fnm,rf;
cgavonf/ OD;&efuem;a&S hwGif vuf0g;uav;eSpfzufjzef h&if; usHK husHK h av;xkdifaeaom ndKaxG;onf
rsufvHk;av; 0dkif;oGm;avonf/
]a,musfm;awGudk txifao;w,faemf? raumif;1ml; &Sdr,f? olwkd hawGeJ htrsm;juD; qufqHw,f?
oli,fr tm;juD; 'ku©a&mifr,f}
touf&SL&efyif cifcsdKwpfa,mufarhoGm;onfymk qdkygu ydkonfymk rxifrSwfapvdkyg/ 'ufceJ
'ufceJaeatmif rSefaeaom OD;&efuem;onf ndKaxG;\ tavmif;tpm;udkyif odaea&mhovm;ymk
pOf;pm;aerdonf/ ol htoHpl;pl;ao;ao;av;onf jum;&wdkif; pdrfhceJ jzpfoGm;atmif tpGrf;xufvSonf/
]olwdk hudk 'ku©jzpfatmif vkyfw,faemf raumif;1ml;? oli,fryg 'ku©rsm;rsm; jzpfr,f
&efuem;ajymwm rSwfxm;yg}
ndKaxG;\rsufeSmav;onf qD;uif;cef hom &Sdawmhrnfxifonf/ rsufeSmi,fav;eSifh cifcsdKudkvSrf;
junfh aomtcg oem;p&myif aumif;awmhonf/ OD;&efuem;onf ajym&if; aymm&if; pdwf0ifpm;vmovdk
ae&mjyifxkdifjyD; ausmufoifykef;udk vSrf;,lum wukwfukwf wa*smufa*smufeSifh wGufcsufaeavonf/
]ymif}
cifcsdKonf cyfwdk;wdk; atmfvkdufrdonf/ ae&mjyifxkdif&if; wpf0ufwpfysuf ay:oGm;aom
OD;&efuem;\ ajcovHk;om;rsm;onf jzL0if;aeonf/ ajczrdk;eSifh ajcusif;0wfonf tdk;rnf;u t1mac:&
atmif t&pfvdkuf rnf;aejyD; ajcovHk;om;rsm; azG;azG;jzLaejcif;onfum; ,kwåd odyfjyD; rwefvSacs/
wpfpHkwpfckawmh rSm;,Gif;aeacsjyD/ ndKaxG;onf ausmufoifykef;av;udkom pl;pdkufjunfhaeojzifh
OD;&efuem;\ ovHk;om; jzLjzLudk owdxm;rdymef rwlacs/
]cifcsdK wdwfwdwfae &Sdcdk;yg&J h&Sdcdk;yg&J hcifcsdK&,f}
cifcsdK pl;pkdufjunfhaeonfhae&mudk vdkufjunfhjyD; armfarmfonf rsufvHk;jyLl;oGm;onf/ cifcsdK h
vufudk vSrf;qkwfjyD; wdk;wdk;av; awmif;yefaeavonf/ wusdwfusdwfjzpfaeaom toHrsm;ajumifh
OD;&efuem;onf rodrom rsufvHk;apGjunfhaomtcg armfarmfonf toHrxGufatmif jyL;vdkuf? &GJ h
vdkufeSifh yGpdyGpd ajym&if; ajcovHk;udk vufnSdK;xdk;jyaeavonf/ xkd hajumifh ndKaxG; rjrifrD OD;&efuem;
\ jzLazG;aom ovHk;om;av;onf ydwfjzLvHkcsnfeSifh jyefvnf tkyfrdoGm;avonf/

36
 rpE´m

]Ak'¨yml;om;eJ hqufqHw,faemf - trsm;juD; raumif;1ml;? oli,fcsif;awG tm;juD;rsm;w,f?

aumif;aumif;ulnDr,f? rSwfxm;yg? 'Da1m;u oli,fraemf oleJ haygif;yg? tm;juD;ulnDwwfw,f? trsm;
juD; pdwfaumif;&Sdw,f? &efuem; odw,f}
OD;&efuem;onf cifcsdK hudkzm;aejyD/ tom;rnf;rnf;eSifh eSKwfcrf;arG; um;um;juD;udk awGawGa0a0
junfh&if; rsufarSmifjukwfaeaom cifcsdK htm; qdkif;rqifh AHkrqifh xí csD;usL;avonf/
]olrsm;awG 'ku©jzpfatmifaemf? ol1m,fawmhrS rvkyf1ml;? olrsm; raumif;ajumif;aemf rajym1ml;?
tomrsufpdrSdwfaew,f trsm;juD; pdwfaumif;w,f}
ae hcsif;ncsif; olawmfaumif;jzpfoGm;aom cifcsdKtm; ndKaxG;onf av;av;pm;pm; vSnfhjunfh
avonf/ xkdpOfwGif OD;&efuem;onf cifcsdK hudk qvHtxyfxyf ay;aeavonf/
]ym,f - ym,f - a0 - a0 -&,f}
cifcsdKonf pdwfxJrS atmfvdkufrdonf/
rsufeSmcsdKaoG;aeaom OD;&efuem;udk pdwful;xJwGif rsufrSefjzKwf? eSKwfcrf;arT;jzKwfjyD; junfhrdaom
tcg aq;rnf;okwfxm;aom a0a0h\&kyfudk a&;a&;rSs jrifa,mifvmonf/ wwfvnf; wwfedkifaom
oli,frav; jzpfonf/ 0if'grD,mu ol hta':tdrfwGif qGrf;auGs;&SdonfqkdjyD; reuftapmjuD;uwnf;u
xGufoGm;aom a0a0ymlonfh oli,frav;onf judk hukef;&GmxJu wJykwfi,fwGif rnf;rnf;wlwleSifh
OD;&efuem;jzpfae vdrfhrnfymk cifcsdK vHk;0 rarSsmfvifhrday/
ndKaxG; tvpfwGif 'dk;qvH? wif;qvH ay;um toHwdwfawmif;yef&Smaom &efuem;udk junfh&if;
cifcsdKonf &,fcsifvGef;ojzifh vSsmudk ememudkufxm;vdkuf&onf/
]&efuem;aemf w&m;xkdif&OD;r,f? ar;jyD;&if jyefyg}
&,fcsifpdwfudk twif;rsdKodyfxm;&ojzifh eD&Jvmaom cifcsdK\ rsufeSmudk junfhum OD;&efuem;
trnfcH a0a0onf tawmfvef hvmymef &Sdonf/ ESKwfcrf;arT;vSKyfvSKyfjuD;udk rjyKwfap&ef vufeSifh
zdxdef;xm;&if; eSifavawmhonf/
]wpfckawmh ar;yg&apOD;}
ndKaxG;onf wpfpHkwpfck ar;vdkymef &Sdao;onf/ odk haomf OD;&efuem;onf ndKaxG;udk pdwf0ifpm;
edkifymef rwlawmhacs/ tvdrfay:jyD; ndKaxG; xwD;ygu 1m,ftaygufrS ajy;&rnfenf;ymk ajy;aygufudk
&Smaeymef &Sdavonf/
]w&m;tm;juD; xkdif&r,f? aemufus&ifaemf txufq&mjuD;rsm; pdwfqdk;w,f? jyefyg &efuem;
w&m;tm;xkwf&r,f? jyefyg}
OD;&efuem;u twGifom; eSifavonfhtwGuf ndKaxG;vnf; rjyefcsif jyefcsifeSifh x&avonf/
]jyefvdkufygOD;r,f OD;a0uem;} ymk cifcsdKu pum;rSm;oa,mifa,mifeSifh eSKwfqufaomtcg
eSkwfcrf;arT;um;um;juD;rsm;yif ukwfusoGm;oa,mif rsufeSmav;i,foGm;onf/ cifcsdKwdk htdrfay:rS
qif;aomtcg OD;&efuem;trnfcH a0a0onf oufjyif;uav;csum ajcoHvHk; vHkatmif juHk hjuHk h
av;xkdif&if; rsufawmifav; ykwfcwf ykwfcwfeSifh usefcJhavonf/ qHxHk;av;udk i,fxdyfwGif uspfuspfyg

37
 *sDa[mol

atmif xHk;jyD; eSKwfcrf;arT;juD; wvSKyfvSKyfeSifh &kyfysufqif;ysuf jzpfaeaom a0a0htm; cifcsdKonf

aemufjyefvSnfhjunfh&if; £ajE´raqmifedkifawmh1mJ ymufymufyufyuf &,frdawmhonf/ tom;vGwf&,f
aom cifcsdKudk ndKaxG;onf em;rvnfekdifovdk tai;om; junfhaeavonf/
]wu,frSefw,faemf}
ndKaxG;onf wtHhwjoeSifh wD;wdk;csD;usL;aomtcg armfarmfonf oHk;a,muf ,SOfavSsmufae&mrS
rodrom aemuf1mufcsefae&pfonf/ &,foHxGufrnfpkd;í ol h yg;pyfudk ol vufeSifh tkyfxm;&if usdwfí
&,faernfudk cifcsdK odygonf/ cifcsdKudk,fwdkifvnf; ndKaxG;udk rjunfhrd&ef rsufeSmvTJxm;&onf/
OD;&efuem;onf acsmvSygonf/
ndKaxG;uvnf; aygvSygonf/
&,fcsifpdwfudk rsdKodyfxm;ojzifh rsufeSmuav; eDaeaom armfarmfuvnf; tawmfyif
pdwfarmoGm;ymef &Sdonf/
trSefw&m;udk ajymjy&efvnf; tcsdefapmao;onfymk cifcsdKxifygonf/
w&m;oljuD;vm1mfpm;onfymk qdkvSsifvnf; cH&ayawmhrnf/ ndKaxG;qDrS &aom ylaZmfaiG
ig;usyfeSifh a0a0wkd hu acgufqGJajumf 0,fauGs;aomtcg cifcsdK rjiif;rqef pm;avonf/

***

38
 rpE´m

(12)
ckwavm ndKaxG;tawmfajcjidrfaeavonf/ ausmif;rSefrSefwufum tcef;atmif;jyD; pmrSefrSef
usufaeonf/ pum;juD; pum;us,fawGudkvnf; olrsm; tjrifuyfatmif rajymonfrSm tawmfjum
acsjyD/
twef; tul;tajymif;wGif udk&ifarmifeSifh rjumcP qHkrdwwfjuonf/ ndKaxG;onf wwfedkifvSsif
rsufeSmcsif;rqdkifrd&ef a&Smifavh&Sdonf/ rwwfomí &ifqdkifwdk;vSsif ryGifhwyGifh av; jyHK;um acgif;ikH h
ypfwwfavonf/
]ndKaxG; qkwfppfu w,faumif;ygvm;? udk&ifarmifawmh zef hwief hief hjzpfaejyD}
cifcsdKwdk hvltkyfudkawG hwkdif; ndKaxG;udk rodrom &Smavh&Sdaom udk&ifarmif\ rsufvHk;rsm;udk OD;pGm
owdxm;rdolrSm r0gjzpfonf/ qlnHqlnHeSifh aysmfaysmfyg;yg; aewwfaom ciffcsdKwdk h vlpkxJwGif at;at;
aq;aq;jzpfaeaom ndKaxG;onf wpfrljcm;aeonf/ rSdefrSdefav;eSifh vif;aeaom ju,fav;ozG,f tm&Hk
pll;pdkufpzG,f jzpfaeavonf/
]ndKaxG;udk junfh&wm &ifxJrSm wpfrsdK;yJ? ol hrsufeSmav;ymm wnfvJwnfw,f at;vJ at;w,f
rmefvJ &Sdw,f &TifvJ &Tifw,fAs}
udk&ifarmifu vomaom nwpfnwGif vjynfh0ef;udk junfh&if; ajymonfymk wpfqifhpum;
jum;&onf/ v0ef;wGif ndKaxG;rsufeSmav; xifymyfaejyDvm;ymk cifcsdK awG;rdonf/ av;rypf&ao;1mJ
av;nSdK hwD;cwf&HkeSifh &efolonf tajc,dkifaejyD xif&onf/
wpfnae xrif;pm;tjyD; cifcsdKwdk hvrf;avSsmufxGufaomtcg ndKaxG;vnf;ygvmonf/
jruf&dkif;eDrsm;onfum; wHk;ukefacsjyD/ teDa&mifaysmufum ndKrnf;rnf;eSifh acG,dkifvJaeonf/ onfvdk
qdkjyefawmhvnf; eDeDvGifum vScJhzl;onfymk ,Hkp&myif r&Sdacs/ ]tvStyqdkwm ocFg&ygyJuG,f} ymk
rdonf oHa0*pum; qdkaeavonf/ jruf&dkif;eDrsm;udk awG hwkdif; tajy;cl;avh&Sdaom ndKaxG;onf
ndKazsmhazsmh jzLavsmfavsmf jrufyifrsm;udk ai;junfh&if;rS ajymaeymef &Sdavonf/
ca&vrf;wGif ca&yifrsm;eSifh a&m,Sufaygufaeaom ]tm&ftdkifwD cs,f&D} rsm;onfum;
yifvHk;uGswfyGifhaeonf/ xdkyef;udk rnfuJhodk hac:&rnfymk cifcsdKwdk hwpfa,mufrS aumif;aumif;rodjuacs/
yifvwftrsdK;tpm;jzpfjyD; yef;cdkifyef;yGifhav;rsm;onf yef;a&mifeSifh tjzLa&mum yJyef;eSifh qifqifwlav
onf/ cs,f&Dyef;ozG,f yifvHk;uGswf nGwfaeatmif yGifhwwfaomajumifh cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk; oa1mmwlyif
]tm&ftdkifwD cs,f&D} ymk vG,fvG,fulul ac:vdkufjuavonf/ teH hrarT;onfhtwGuf rufrufarmarm
yefavh r&Sdjuay/ tcdkifvkdufcl;jyD; yef;tdk;xdk;vSsifrl tvGefvSyavonf/ cifcsdKwdk htwGuf yef;tdk;xkd;&ef
yef;r&Sm;vSay/ tm&ftdkifwDcs,f&DwHk;vSsif ikpyfcs,f&D yGifhonf/ xkd haemuf wpfqufwnf; c&rf;a&mif

39
 *sDa[mol

ysOf;reSifh ik0gwkdk hyGifhjuavonf/ rdk;wpfjydKuf eSpfjydKuf usvSsif ausmif;t0ifvrf;&Sd pdefyef;eDwdk hu

&J&JeDatmif tvSjyjujyD jzpfonf/ 1mmyef;rS ryGifhaom &moDjzpfapumrl ausmif;ta&S h1mufa&uefwGif
0dkif;pdkufxm;aom yk@&dyfyef;eDeDwdk hurl 'dkifcHjyD; yGifhju&Smavonf/
vrf;ymdk1muf 'D1muf ,SufEG,faeaom cs,f&Dyef;wHwm;atmufu cifcsdKwdk htjzwfwGif rdonf
yef;cl;csifpdwfaygufvmymefeSifh cs,f&Dudkif;udk ckefqGJavonf/
]junfhprf; cifcsdK rdudkjunfhprf;}
odrfhceJ nGwfusvmaom yef;udkif;juD;udk qGJcdkxm;&if; rdu atmfaeonf/ rd\rsufeSmav;onf
yef;cufyef;cdkifrsm; jum;xJwGif 0if;0if;yyav; jzpfaeonf/ yef;uav;rsm;udk &SdKuferf;&if; uav;i,fvdk
&,farmaeaom rdudk ndKaxG;onf jyHK;í junfhaeonf/
]yef;cl;aejuwmvm;}
toHjum;rSyif tem;wGif udk&ifarmif a&mufvmrSef; owdxm;rdjuonf/ rdonf yef;cdkifwpfcdkifudk
csdK;,lvdkufjyD; yef;udkif;udk vTwfvkdufonf/ rd\qHyifay:wGif yef;a&mifyGifhzwfav;rsm; ajuGususef&pf
juonf/
]'Dyef;u wpfrsdK;yJ? odyfjudkufvScsnf&J hvJ rymkwf1ml;? jrifjyefawmhvJ rcl;1mJ raeedkif1ml;? wpfcuf
jzpfjzpf? wpfcdkifjzpfjzpf cl;rdwmcsnf;yJ}
]yef;av;awGu vSw,f}
]arT;awmh rarT;1ml;}
]ndKaxG;a&m rcl;1ml;vm;}
udk&ifarmifonf jidrfjidrfav;&yfaeaom ndKaxG;1mufodk hvSnfhar;onf/ ndKaxG;onf yg;csdKifhav;
ay:&HkjyHK;jyD; acgif;,rf;jyonf/
]1mmjzpfvdk hvJ rarT;vdk hvm;}
]rymkwfyg1ml;? yef;wdkif; 1m,farT;yghrvJ? yef;wdkif;vJ 1m,fvSekdifyghrvJ}
]wcsdK hyef;av;awGusawmh arT;vJarT;ygw,f? vSvJ vSygw,fAsm}
udk&ifarmif\pum;udk jum;&aomtcg rdonf rodromav; jyHK;vdkufjyD;rS £ajE´ qnfvdkuf
avonf/ udk&ifarmifudk junfh&onfrSm ndKaxG;wpfapmif;wdkufaymm&aom yef;t1md"r®mav;udk owdw&
&SdaeyHk&onf/ rxdwxd ypfcwfxm;aom cJcsufao;ao;av;ajumfh *,ufxvmonfudk ndKaxG;vnf;
odymefwlonf/
]rdef;uav;1m0qkdwm yef;av;awGvdkyJ}
]a,musfm;1m0ua&m}
]yef;cl;olaygh}

40
 rpE´m

ndKaxG;onf cs,f&Dyef;av;wpfcufudk trSwfrJh yefqifvdkufonf/ ndKaxG;acgif;ay:rS yef;av;udk

udk&ifarmifonf ai;junfhaeavonf/
cifcsdKwdk hu pum;jzwfjyD; taqmif1mufodk hvSnfhjyefvmaomtcg ukd&ifarmifonf wpfOD;wnf;
qufjyD; avSsmufoGm;avonf/
]OD;&efuem;u aymmxm;w,faemf? Ak'¨yml;om;eJ hqufqH&if 'ku©jzpfr,fwJh? &ifarmifqdkawmh &-
,-v-0 Ak'¨yml;om;aemf}
cifcsdK tawmf&,fcsifoGm;onf/ ndKaxG;wpfa,muf jidrfukwfukwfav;jzpfaejcif;rSm OD;&efuem;\
vufcsuf jzpfrSef; ,ckrSyif od&awmh\/ ndKaxG;ymlonfh oli,frudk cifcsdK u,frS jzpfacsawmhrnf/
]tJ'DAk'¨yml;om; 'ku©jzpfr,fvdk haymmwmyg}
]tymkwfvm;}
]ymkwfygw,f? Oyg'efajumifh Oyg'fra&mufprf;ygeJ h? ndKaxG; 'ku©jzpfrSm rymkwf1ml;? Ak'¨yml;om;
'ku©jzpfr,fvdk haymmwmyg}
cifcsdK\tm;ay;pum;udk jum;&aomtcg ndKaxG;\rsufeSmav;onf &TifoGm;onf/ cifcsdK hvufudk
wif;wif;qkyf&if; tm;wufoa&m ar;avonf/
]tymkwfaemf-cifcsdK}
]ajomf ymkwfvdkufwmrS ymkwf ymkwfeJ hawmif jrnfao;w,f}
]rodyg1ml; cifcsdK&,f? OD;&efuem;aymmjyD; ndKaxG; awmfawmf pdwfnpfaewm? olaymmwmawGuvJ
odyfrSefw,f rymkwfvm;? ndKaxG;av 1mmqufvkyf&r,fawmif rod1ml;? vrf;udk aysmufoGm;wm1mJ?
avmif;xm;jyD;rS &SHK;oGm;rSmvJ t&rf;ajumufw,f? vufpowfawmh ndKaxG; t"dyÜm,faumuf vGJwmudk;}
a0a0omygvSsif £ajE´raqmifedkif1mJ x&,frnf jzpfonf/ OD;&efuem;aumif;rSK ndKaxG; tawmf
yif 'ku©rsm;oGm;ymef &Sdonf/ udk&ifarmifonf Ak'¨yml;eHjuD;udk a&S havSsmuf'ku©ay;&ef tawmfuav; vef h
aecJhymef wlonf/
]tcka&m 1mmvkyf&r,frod}
]tckawmh qufvkyf? uJ&DtGef ndKaxG;aygh]
cifcsdKu &,farm&if; ajymvdkufonf/ a0a0wkd hxkd;aom acgifqGJajumf vm1mfoyfyumudk vufcH
aomfvnf; ndKaxG;udkvnf; jyefvnf pdwf"mwfjrSifhwifay;ojzifh cifcsdKonf ormorwf usaom
w&m;oljuD; jzpfvdrfhrnf xifygonf/ w&m;oljuD; ymlonf csdefcGifudk udkifjyD; rsufpdudk tkyfxm;&onfymk
tqkd&Sdonf/ yg;pyfydwf&rnfymk Oya'u rqkdygacs/ xdk hajumifh acgufqGJajumfvnf; pm;edkifonf/
rymkwfwmvnf; ajymekdifonfymk rdrdukd,frdrd tmywfvTwfvdkufonf/
]&efuem;a& ru,fawmh1ml;vm;}

41
 *sDa[mol

ndKaxG;u udk&ifarmihfqDrS arwåm o0PfvTm rjumrDa&mufap&rnfymk ajymaomtcg armfarmf

onf xatmfawmhonf/
]tdk-&efuem;uudk aymmvdkufwmav? ndKaxGG;eJ hqufqHvdk hAk'¨yml;om; 'ku©jzpfr,fwJh? tymif;
ymif; ndKaxG;ekdifrSm usdef;udk aovdk h}
]&efuem;a& jrefrmpum;udk jrefrm em;rvnfatmif ajymOD;ymJh}
armfarmfonf 'kwd,tjudrf pdwfysufvufysuf atmfjyefonf/ a0a0onf OD;aeSmufajcmufymefeSifh
acgif;udkwGifwGifukwfaeonf/ rnfol hya,m*ajumifh ndKaxG;ae hcsif;ncsif;tm;wufvmrSef; pOf;pm;ekdifyHk
r&acs/
]&efuem;av; trsm;juD; acsmufwGef;w,f? 'Doli,fraemf tm;juD; acgif;rmw,f? &nf;pm;pm
&atmif ,lr,f ajymw,faemf- &efuem; 1mmvkyf&rvJ trm;]
tceff;xJrS ndKaxG; vSnfhxGufoGm;aomtcg a0a0onf juH&mr&ymef &SHK h&SHK hrJhrJh nnf;&Smavonf/

***

42
 rpE´m

(13)

]apmapmtdyfvdk hapmapmxvdk hapmapmvrf;avSsmufjuygpdk h}

xkdoDcsif; a&'D,dkrS rjumcPvmvSsif eSif;rSKHrSKdif;rSdKif;eSifh tm;upm; &moDokd ha&mufjyD jzpfonf/
wpfpdwfwnf;? wpf0rf;wnf;? wpfavwnf; xGufavh&Sdaom r0g? armfarmf? a0a0eSifh rdwdk h pdwfcsif;uGJvGJ
juonfrSmum; xdktcdsefyif jzpfonf/ tm;upm;&moDwGif Xmetvdkuf jydKifyGJrsm; jyKvkyfonf/ oli,fcsif;
tcsif;csif; 1m,favmufyif cifcif? Xmetvdkuf jydKifaomtcg XmecGJuav;rsm; jzpfvmjuonf/ cifcsdKwdk h
pufrSKwuúodkvfwGifvnf; pufrSK? "mwk? vSsyfppf? csnfrSsiffeSifh txnf? jrKd hjy? owåKwl;azmfa&;? Adokum
ponfjzifh Xmetcsif;csif; jydKifju&aomtcg cifvSaom oli,fcsif;rsm;onfvnf; oli,fcsif;ymlí rnSm
edkif? XmetwGuf aoaoausaus tpGrf;jyjuavawmhonf/
ykí 0aom rrvSyifvSsif a1mmif;1mDwdkav;0wfum a1mmfvDa1mm 0ifykwfavonf/ avwdkufvSsif
vJawmhra,mif ydefjyD; &SnfvSaom rat;oG,fonfvnf; oHjym;0dkif; 0ifypfavonf/ vufarmif;&if;
udkufaeaom ,kaqGyif raeedkif? y&kyfqDvdrf;jyD; juufawmif&dkufjydKifyGJ 0ifcJhao;onf/
axG;axG;wpfa,mufonfvnf; Xmetvdkuf vGefqGJ&ef vlpkaeonf/ cifcsdKonfum; tm;upm;
&moDwGif ]yHk;qGJ} ymlaom trnftopfwpfckudk &cJhavonf/ ol hcrsm 1m0ay;yg&rDajumifh tm;upm;
1mufwGif tawmfyif tusdK;ay;nHh&Smavonf/ juufawmif&dkuf&ef judk;pm;onf? 1mufwHeSifh juufawmif
onf &efjzpfxm;juymef wlonf/ wpfckeSifhwpfck xd&ef judk;pm;í r&1mJ wpfvGJpD jzpfaeí vufavSsmh
vdkuf &onf/ xkd haemuf a1mmfvDa1mm ykwf&ef tm;xkwfjyefonf/ avxJwGif ysH0Jaeaom abmvHk;ol h
qDodk h wef;vmavvSsif ajumufajumufvef hvef heSifh acgif;udk vufeSpfzufjzifh tkyfjyD; uGif;xJwGif
avSsmufajy; aeonf/ xkd hajumifh a1mmfvDa1mm toif;uvnf; vufcHvdkymef r&Sdacs/ ydefcsdaom
cE¨mudk,fav;ajumifh vGefqGJ&efvnf; rnfolurSs pm&if;xnfhroGif;acs/ xkd hajumifh jydKifyGJ0ifolwdk h
tarmajyaomuf&ef oHyk&m &nfazsmfjyD; yHk;juD;wum;um;eSifh o,f,loGm;avh&Sdaom cifcsdKudk ]yHk;qGJ} ymlí
uifyGef;wyfxm;juonf/ yHk;qGJuvnf; acawmh racvSygacs/
a1mmfvDa1mmtoif; a&TwHqdyf&aomtcg q,fheSpfck &avonf/ t&Hvl aeaeomom? rdef;uav;
&Sm;vGef;í ajcmufa,mufjynfhatmifyif renf;vlpkupm;&aom pufrSKa1mmfvDa1mmtoif;ayrdk hyHk;qGJaom
cifcsdKvnf; a&TwHqdyfwpfck&avonf/
]vGefqGJwm ekdif&if XmetrSwfodyfaumif;rSmaemf}
]qGJuGm ekdifatmifqGJ? rdk&D;,mrif;aomuf? EGm;edk ah omuf}

43
 *sDa[mol

cifcsdKu twGifom tm;ay;avonf/ udk,fwkdif 0ifqGJ&ef rwwfedkifavawmh tm;ay;&mwGif cifcsdK

udk rnfolrSs rDrnf rxifay? oHyk&m&nf wpfyHk;eSifh yGJwdkif;ausmf jzpfavonf/
]ymm udk&ifarmif vGefqGJr,f xifw,f}
a1mmif1mDwkdav;eSifh avSsmufvmaom udk&ifarmifudk awG hojzifh r0gonf cyfwdk;wdk; ajymonf/
a,musfm;av; vGefyGJrsm; t&ifprnfrdk hcifcsdKwdk hrdef;uav;rsm;onf yGJjunfh y&dowfjzpfonf/ cifrif&m
cifrifajumif; XmecGJuav;rsm;eSifh udk,feSpfouf&m 1mufodk h tm;ay;juonf/
]udk&ifarmif vGefqGJrvdk hvm;}
]at;Asm awmfrD&,f zsm;aevdk hvlrjynfh1ml;qdkjyD; zufwD;0if;atmif&,f twif;qGJac:vmw,f}
]qGJ qGJ edkifatmifqGJ}
]tm;ay;juygAsm? tm;vdkygw,f}
ndKaxG;udk a0hceJ junfh&if; udk&ifarmifonf cyfjyHK;jyHK; ajymavonf/ ndKaxG;onf eSpfeSpfjcdKuf
jcdKuf &,fvdkufonf/ ndKaxG;&,fvSsif cGuf0ifoGm;avh&Sdaom yg;cdsKifhav;rsm;onf pGJrufpzG,faumif;
vSonf/
]zufwD;udk0if;atmif ygaerSawmh udk&ifarmifwdk hr&SHk;ekdifyg1ml;}
rnfonfhae&mwGifrS rsufeSmaumif;&avhr&SdaomzufwD;rsm;onfvGefyGJwGifrl txl; rsufeSmyGifhvef;
juavonf/ acsmifjudkacsmifjum;rS zufwD;taygif; olawmfaumif;wkd hudk Xmeqdkif&m tm;upm;rSL;rsm;u
awmif;awmif;yefyef yifhac:ju&avonf/
]zufwD;u 0om0wm tm;r&Sd1ml;}
]aemufqHk;u judk;csnfcdkif;aygh}
zufwD;udk0if;atmifonfum; cifcsdKwkd hodorSs wuúodkvf&Sd vl0rsm;xJwGif t0qHk;jzpfonf/ ol h
vufeSpfzufudk a1m;okd h&dk;&dk;csxm;vSsif olrsm;vdk wef;wef;rwfrwf usraeacs/ 0xpfaeaom tom;rsm;
ajumifh um;um;juD; jzpfaeonf/ tom;jzLjzL? eSmwHay:ay:? rsufcHk;xif;xif;ESifh rsufeSmudkcsnf;
junfhvSsif vlacsmwpfOD;ymk ajymedkifonf/ rwefwq 0aom udk,fcE¨majumifh ol hcrsm ckxdawmh rpGHedkif&Sm
ao;acs/
]zufwD;uG - zufwD;? judk;pm;ay;}
udk&ifarmifwdk htzGJ hwGif zufwD;udk0if;atmifonf t"du& jzpfaeonf/ aemufqHk;rS aejyD;
vGefjudk;vGwfrxGufap&ef cg;udk judk;eSifh ywfjyD; csnfxm;onf/ judk;wif;vGef;vSsif tom;xJjrKyfjyD;
yGef;rnfpdk;aomajumifh xifonf/ cg;eSifh judk;tjum;wGif uif;Awfpf 1mdeyftjzLrsm; cHxm;onf/ cg;
ywfvnfwGif zdeyfrsm; pD&&DESifh 0onfxuf 0aeaom udk0if;atmifudk junfhum vlwdkif; yGJusaejuonf/
udk0if;atmifonf y&dowfu xyfwvJvJ awmif;qdkjcif; cH&aom Zmwfrif;ozG,f tm;&yg;& jyHK;jyD;
cg;uav;ukef;um OD;nGwfjyaomtcgwGifum; w0g;0g; jzpfukefjuawmhonf/

44
 rpE´m

zufwD;ta&S heSpfa,mufausmfwGif udk&ifarmifudk awG h&onf/ vlrjynfhojzifh qJGoGif;xm;olrdk h

olwkd htzGJ hxJwGif tydefqHk; jzpfaeonf/
]aymhaumif - &ifarmif? rif;eH&dk;awGu ywåvm;wD;vdk h&w,faymh}
vltkyfxJrS Apfwm\toHudk jum;&onf/ vl0rsm;tjum;xJwGif ydefaeaom udk&ifarmifonfvnf;
vl&,fp&m jzpfaeonf/
]vGefyGJom ekdifatmifqGJ? tcspfyGJrSmvJ ekdifap&yghr,f armifarmif&,fwJh? olu ajymw,f? olu
ajymw,f}
y&dwfowfxJrS toHajumifajumifeSifh wpfOD;u xatmfjyefonf/ vGefyGJrprcsif; atmfympfoH
aemufajymifoHrsm;eSifh qlnHaeonf/ ]udk&ifarmifu Avrqdk;1ml;q&m/ t&yfjrifh? tom;ndKwJh vlcef h
acsmqkdwm ol hvdkvlrsdK; xifyg&J h} ymk axG;axG;u wkd;wdk;av; rSwfcsufcsaomtcg ndKaxG;onf jyHK;ae
avonf/
]0rf;-wl;-qGJ-0rf;-wl;-qGJ}
aoewfypfazmufvdkufonfeSifh vGefjudk;onf wHk hceJ wif;oGm;jyD; tjydKiftqdkif qGJjuavawmh
onf/ awmufavSsmufjuD; tm;ukefatmif rqGJ1mJ csdefom;udkufum aqmifhí aqmifhí qGJaom udk&ifarmif
wdk htzGJ honf vuf&nfomavonf/
]ymm;-ymm;-junfh-cifcsKdjunfh-&,fp&mjuD;}
tHjudwfum &SHK hrJhrJhjzpfaeolrsm;udk junfhum axG;axG;onf tm;rem yg;rem &,faeonf/ rnfol
rnfrSs acsmonfqkdqdk? vSonfajymajym vGefwpfcgqGJcdkif;vSsif vSorSs ysufavawmhonf/ tm;oGefcGefpdkuf
qGJ&avonfrdk hrdrdudk,fudkvnf; arh? ywf0ef;usifudkvnf; arhwwfjuavonf/ tvStyudk tom
a1m;ypfcsxm;jyD; rJhvdkuf? &GJ hvdkuf? tHjudwfvdkufeSifh tedkiftxuf judk;pm;juawmhonf/ rsufeSmu &SHK ah v
onfeSifh trSs rsufvHk;eSpfzufu jyL;xGufvmaomtcgum; vlysuf&kyfaygufukefjuavawmhonf/
]'grS 'dk hzufwD;uG- ekdifiHausmf zwfwD;? urÇmausmfr,fh zufwD;}
zufwD;0if;atmif\rsufeSmonf c&rf;csOfoD;rSnfhvdk wGwfwGwf&Jaeonf/ ajrjyifudk ajcuefumwHk h
ceJ wpfcsuf qGJwdkif; wpfzufrS vlrsm; idkufceJ jzpfoGm;wwfavonf/ vGefjudk;onf zufwD;wdk hzuf
wjznf;jznf; ygvmonf/ wpfzuftoif;rS ausmif;om;rsm; arSmufvJolvJ? '&GwfqGJolqGJ jzpfukefju
aom tcg Apfwmonf vufckyfvuf0g;wD;jyD; rsufrSefjuD; w0if;0if;eSifh xuavawmhonf/
]igwdk hu vleJ hqGJ&rvm; atmufarhygw,f? rif;wdk hu EGm;awG 0ufawG xGufvmwmudk;}
judk;juD;udk rvTwf1mJ arSmufvsufom; '&GwfqGJygvmaom udkoef;armifaX;onf ajrjyifay:wGif
ikwfwkwfjuD; xkdifumatmfaeonf/ zufwD;0if;atmifonf ol ha&S hwGifaqmifhajumifhav;xkdifumvuftkyf
csDvdkufavonf/
]XmetwGufrdk hyg a,mufz&,f? vGefyGJ&SHK;ayr,fh eSrawmh ay;ygaemf}

45
 *sDa[mol

eSracsmav;rsm; &Sdaom udkoef;armifaX;? ae&mrS txwGif zufwD;onf &kwfceJ xum ajy;av

onf/ odk haomf ol hcrsm vGeftqGJaumif;aomfvnf; tajy;roef &SmavonfhtwGuf pGefokwfcH&aom
0uf0HjzLjuD; ozG,f udkoef;armifaX;vufwGif rdjyD; Zufydk;tkyf cH&avonf/
]tm;ay;wJh vlawG aumif;vdk hedkifwmygAsm}
ukd&ifarmifu cifcsdKwdk hqDrS oHyk&m&nf awmif;aomuf&if; ajymonf/ cifcsdKwdk hvlpk uvnf; ol h
a1m;rS toHukefatmfjyD; tm;ay;cJhjuavonfhtwGuf tawmfauseyfaeymef &Sdonf/ atmifyGJ& vGeftzGJ h
wGif qk&aom oGm;wdkufaq;1ml;av;rsm;udk a&S hwGifaxmifjyD; aqmifhajumifhav;rsm;xkdifum "mwfyHk&dkuf
juaom tcg ndKaxG;wdk htem;a&mufaeaom udk&ifarmifudk atmfympfac:,lju&avonf/
]aymhaumifjuD; &ifarmif? rr,frudk &Smaeovm;? "mwfyHk&dkuf&atmif juGygOD;}
zufwD;udk0if;atmifonf toHjyJjuD;eSifh ukef;atmfaomtcg udk&ifarmif\rsufeSmonf &JceJ
jzpfoGm;jyD; ndKaxG;udk zsufceJ cdk;junfhvdkufonfudk cifcsdKjrifvkdufonf/ ndKaxG;url 1mmudkrSs trSKrxm;
rdovdk junfjunfvifvifuav;yif &,faeonf/ ]udk&ifarmif "mwfyHkxJrSm toHygoGm;atmif &,faemf}
ymkyif vSrf;íaemufvdkufao;onf/
]rr,frqdkwm 1mmudk ajymwmvJ}
r0gonf jrefrm0w¬Krsm; zwfavhzwfxr&Sdojzifh ]armif&ifarmif? rr,fr} tajumif; odymef
rwlacs/ ]armif&ifarmif? rr,fr}onf *sdrf;vSausmfa&;aom 0w¬KacwfOD;u 0w¬K jzpfajumif;/ rdef;uav;
rsm;em;wGif a&mufaeaom ukd&ifarmifudk ]rr,frudk &Smaeovm;} ymk0w¬KxJrS emrnfoHk;um aemufajymif
jcif; jzpfajumif;udk cifcsdKu &Sif;jyae&avonf/
]'Dvkdqdk&if ndKaxG;udk rr,frvdk hajymwmxifw,faemf}
]tdk 1mmjzpfvdk h}
1mkrod 1mrod xifaju;eSifh rSwfcsufcsaom axG;axG;udk ndKaxG;uacgif;uav;cgjyonf/ a0a0
eSifh armfarmfurl ]'dk hudkajymwm xifw,f] ymk oHjydKif 0ifajymonf/
]ymkwfyg1ml;-axG;axG; 'Davmufawmh vsifygw,f? udk&ifarmifu ndKaxG;qdk&if uGufjunfh
uGufjunfheJ hymif;-odwmaygh? uJ-rr,fr eufjzef a1mmfvDa1mm yGJus&if udk&ifarmifjuD; vmtm;ay;
ygvdrfhr,f}
axG;axG;u tydkifajymaomtcg ndKaxG;onf 1mmrSrjiif;omawmh1mJ jyHK;aeavonf/ ndKaxG;onf
xkdae hrSpí ]rr,fr} ymlaom emrnfajymifav;udk &&SdoGm;&Smavonf/
axG;axG; twyfaymmouJhodk hyif ndKaxG;wdk ha1mmfvDa1mmyGJodk hudk&ifarmif a&mufvmcJhonf/
ndKaxG;eSifh cifcsdKonf ydefrom vdrfrom jzpfonf/ tm;upm;zufwGif eSpfOD;vHk; yg&rD enf;&Smjuonf/
odk haomf ndKaxG;onf cifcsdKxufawmh owådaumif;w,f qkd&ayrnf/ olwdk hXmeu upm;&efvlrjynfhí
0if&yf&Hkuav; &yfay;yg/ vljynfhvSsif awmfygjyDymk twif;ac:aomtcg ndKaxG;uGif;xJodk hqif;
&avonf/ r0Hhr&JeSifh a1mmfvDa1mmuGif;xJwGif ajumif;pDpDav;&yfaeaom ndKaxG;onf &,fp&m
aumif;aeonf/ axG;axG;url ndKaxG;udk junfh&if; wcGD;cGD;eSifh usdwfí &,faeavonf/ cifcsdKwdk huJhodk h

46
 rpE´m

yif a1mmvHk;udk junfh&if; wcGD;cGD;eSifh usdwfí &,faeonf/ cifcsdKuJhodk hyif a1mmvHk;udk ajumufjyD;
vufeSpfzufeSifh acgif;udk tkyfum uGif;xJwGif avSsmufajy;avh&Sdaom ndKaxG;\ t&nftcsif;udk
twGif;od tpif;odrdk hymefymefyefyef uGif;xJ0if&yfaeaomtcg &,fcsifpdwfudk xdef;edkifymef rwlacs/
wpfzuf toif;wGif a0a0? armfarmfeSifh rrcifwdk hygonf/ ndKaxG;1mufwGif r0geSifh rdygavonf/
eSpfoif;pvHk; cifrifolcsnf;rkd hcifcsdKwdk hvnf; eSpfzufvHk;udk tm;ay;ju&rnf jzpfonf/
]ndKaxG;u upm;rvdk hvm;}
]ymkwfuJh}
cifcsdKwdk ha1m;wGif 0if&yfaom udk&ifarmifonf ndKaxG;udk vSrf;ar;onf/ ndKaxG;onf
jyHK;a&miforf;a,mifa,mifeSifh acgif;ndwfjyD; £ajE´q,faeonf/ jyHK;pyfpyfvkyfaeaom axG;axG;udk
rsufapmif;wpfcsufxkd;um cyfwnfwnfvkyfaeaom ndKaxG;onf ydkjyD; &,fp&m aumif;aeonf/
]cgwdkif; ndKaxG; upm;wm rawG h1ml;}
]1m,fupm;rvJ olu pufrSKuvlawGeJ hvuf&nfwlw,fxifwm rymkwf1ml;? csdKxm;wm? tckrS
ynmawGjyr,fav? apmifhjunfh}
axG;axG;\pum;udk ,Hkovm;? r,Hkovm;awmh rod? udk&ifarmifonf ndKaxG;udk txifwjuD;
vSrf;junfhaomtcgwGif ndKaxG;onf taecufymefeSifh ud,
k fuav; usHK h oGm;&Smonf/
]apmifhjunfh apmifhjunfh}
axG;axG;ajymovdkyif apmifhjunfhaeaom udk&ifarmifonf ndKaxG;\csdKxm;aom ynmrsm;udk
jrif&aomtcg tawmfyif &,fcsifvmymef &Sdavonf/
olwdk hwpfzGJ hvHk;wGif ndKaxG;onf tcsmqHk;rSef;odojzifh awmfaom vleSpfOD;jzpfonfh r0geSifh rdwdk h
jum;xJwGif nSyfjyD; xm;onf/ a1mmfvDa1mmuGif;xJ0ifjyD; a1mmvHk;ajumufaeaom ndKaxG;udk a1m;eSpf
zufrS 0kdif;uljuonf/ ndKaxG;qD a1mmvHk; ta&mufrcH/ olwdk hu 0dkif;ykwfay;onf/ wpfzuftoif;rS
a0a0wdk huvnf; ndKaxG;qDudkrS csdefjyD; ypfwwfjuonf/ ndKaxG; qDvmorSs a1mmvHk;udkvnf; r0geSifh
rdwdk hu tajy;tvTm; 0ifzrf;juonf/ ndKaxG;onf olwdk h0ifvmatmif ymdkwdrf;? onfwdrf;eSifh
qkwfvdkuf? a&Smifvdkuf? vrf;&Sif;ay;avh&Sdonf/ a1mmfvDa1mmuGif;xJwGif a1mmvHk;udk a&Smifajy;aeaom
ndKaxG;\tjzpfudk junfhum y&dowf tm;vHk; tlwufaejuonf/
]ymkd1mufudk a&muf&if ig;jym;ay;r,f}
]judk;pm;uG,f ESro,fav;a&? tpfudku wpfrwfay;r,f}
ndKaxG; qmAifay;&rnfhtvSnfhwGif ausmif;om;rsm;u 0dkif;aemufaejuonf/ XmetwGufrdk h
r&Sufrajumuf vlysufvkyfae&aom ndKaxG;onf rsufeSmuav; eDaeonf/ rsufeSmuav;ysufum
tawmftm;i,faeymef &Sdonf/ ol htjzpfuvnf; wu,fyif &,fp&mrdk htlwufatmif &,faeolrsm;udk
tjypfwifvdkymef r&Sdacs/ ol hymmol vnf; &,fcsifidkcsif jzpfaeymef &Sdonf/
]&SL; wdk;wdk; r&1ml; ajymedkifvm;}

47
 *sDa[mol

axG;axG;u £ajE´qnfum ajymaomtcg jidrfoGm;ju\/ odk haomf ndKaxG; wkd;xkwfvkdufaom

a1mmvHk;onf t&Sdefjyif;jyif;eSifh a&S hodk hoGm;&rnfhtpm; 1mkef;ceJ aemufzufvGifhoGm;aomtcg wGifum;
wpfcsdefvHk; jidrfaeaom udk&ifarmifyif Adkufudk eSdyfjyD; vdrfhaeatmif &,fawmhonf/ a1mmvHk;udk a&S hodk h
xdk;&rnfudk a,mifuef;uef;eSifh aemufjyef xdk;xkwfvkdufjcif; jzpfymef wlonf/
]zrf; zrf; ndKaxG; rdatmif zrf;}
ndKaxG;qDodk hwef;wef;rwfrwf csdefvTwfvkdufaom a1mmvHk;udk 0ifykwf&ef rrDojzifh r0gu
ajy;vm&if; atmfaeonf/ ndKaxG;onf a1mmvHk;udk ykwfvkduf&rnfhtpm; rdrd&& zrf;udkifum ajumifpDpD
&yfaeaom ndKaxG;udk junfh&if; r0geSifh rdwdk honf pdwfrqdk;ekdif1mJ ajcjypfvufjypfxkdifcsum &,fju
avawmhonf/
aA'ifar;p&m rvdk/ xkdyGJwGif ndKaxG;wdk h1mufu r&SKrvS &SHK;avonf/ yGJjyD;aomtcg cifcsdKwdk h
tm;vHk; Adkufemaejuygonf/
]ndKaxG;ajumifh &SHK;wm}
ndKaxG;onf rsufeSmi,fav;eSifh ajymonf/ ol hjunfh&onfrSm wu,fyif pdwfraumif;jzpfaeymef
wlavonf/ XmetwGufrdk hvlysufvkyfcJh&aom ndKaxG;udk udk&ifarmifonf u&kPmruif; junfhaeonf/
]&SHK;vJ 1mmjzpfvJ? &,f&wm tjrwfaygh}
r0gu ajymaomtcg ndKaxG;rsufeSmav;onf &SHK hoGm;&Smonf/
]ndKaxG;udk uGsefawmf wu,fcsD;usL;w,f? uGsefawmfom qdk&if 'Dvdkowåd&SdrSm rymkwf1ml;?
udk,frwwfwmudk yGifhyGifhvif;vif; rwwfajumif; jy&Jwm enf;wJhowådrS rymkwfwm}
udk&ifarmifonf &,f&Sdefrowfekdifao;aomfvnf; csD;usL;pum;ajymonf/ &Sufvnf; &Suf? &,fcsif
idkcsifvnf; jzpfaeaom ndKaxG;\rsufeSmav;onf ezl;jyifay:rS acGs;rsm;udk vufeSifh oyfcs&if; jzwfceJ
rsufvTmcsvdkufavonf/
rsufeSmav;i,fi,feSifh jyHK;rJhrJhjzpfaeaom ndKaxG;udk udk&ifarmifonf trSwfrxif ai;junfh
aeavonf/

***

48
 rpE´m

(14)

]udk&ifarmifu wu,fcifp&maumif;w,faemf? t&ifu ol hudk 'Davmufcifp&maumif;vdrhf r,f

awmif rxifrd1ml;}
axG;axG;onf tkef;oD;tcGHrmay:&Sd tkef;qHrsm;udk 'g;yg;eSifh jcpfypfae&if; pum;rpyfajymonf/
ndKaxG;onf ocsFmwpfyk'fudk ukef;wGufae&mrS rodromav; apmif;junfhavonf/
]1mmjzpfvdk h}
]cifp&maumif;w,fqdkwm tao;tzGJav;awGudk ajymwmxifw,f? ol hjunfh&wm ulnDwwf
w,f? &dk;w,f? tm;emwwfw,f? ymdkae hu uGif;xJrSm ndKaxG;vlysufvkyfaewkef;u junfhygvm;? ol h
junfh& wm &,fwm&,fae&w,f? ndKaxG;udk oem;aeovdkyJ}
]atmifrm rvdkyg1ml;? 1mmvdk hoem;&rSmvJ}
ndKaxG;onf azmifwdeftzHk;udk ydwfvdkufjyD; xvm avonf/ rcHcsifovdk rsufeSmav; ndKae
onf/ rmejuD;aom rdef;uav;rsm;onf toem;cH&rSm tvGefajumufwwfjuonf/ ol htjzpfuvnf;
wu,fhudk oem;p&m &,fp&m jzpfcJhí emvdkcHcuf jzpfoGm;ymef &Sdonf/
]oem;wm pdwfqkd;p&mvm; ndKaxG;&J h}
]tdk qkd;w,f}
]tymJ cspfjcif;tp oem;jcif;uwJh? jum;zl;wmyJ}
r0geSifh rdonf xif&mjrif&m pGwfawmaeaom axG;axG;udk cyfai;ai;junfhaeavonf/ tysuf
tysufeSifh pcJhaom udk&ifarmihf tonf;cGJa&; pDrHudef;juD;onf eSmacgif;aoG;xGufavatmif taumif
txnfay:vmrnfhta&;udk awG;rdjyD; &ifav;aejuymef &Sdonf/ ndKaxG;url cyfaxhaxhav; jyHK;aeonf/
]aemufjyD; udk&ifarmifu pmodyfawmfwmyJ? pmar;yGJvJ eD;vSjyD? pifoD,mwdk hu udk&ifarmifudk
rodwmawG ar;&tHk;r,f wJh}
]tJ'g 1mmjzpfvJ}
]udk&ifarmifuawmh ndKaxG; pmawGvdkufekdif&J hvm;wJh tymJ}

49
 *sDa[mol

]wjcm;tajumif;ajymprf;yg axG;axG;&,f? 1mmvdk hw&ifarmifxJ &ifarmifae&wmvJ? ay;prf;r0g?

qufcGm ay;r,f}
r0gu pdwfr&Snfovdk cyfaigufaigufav; 0ifajymonf/ cifcsdKwpfcgu rdef;rrm,m tajumif;
pmtkyfxJwGif zwfzl;onf/ xrD0wfwmu tp? ajcaxmufum;xdkifwma&m? aygifaphxkdifwma&m? uav;
csDwmtqHk; vSKyf&Sm;rSKrSeforSs 1mmrSrvGwf1mJ rm,mxJ ygaeí tawmfpdwfnpfoGm;onf/ ckawmh ,Hk&rvkd
jzpfaeonf/ ndKaxG;onf udk&ifarmifudk wpfcgrS odomavmufatmif tcGifhta&;ay; azmfa&Gjcif;
r&Sdao;ay/ oGm;&if;vm&if; c&D;oGm;ymefvTJeSifhyif aeSmifjudk;eSifh iifcJhonf/ rdef;uav;wdk honf a,musfm;
om;rsm;udk &dk;&dk;wef;wef; oGm;vmvSKyf&Sm;&if; rodromav; qGJaqmifedkifpGrf; &Sdjuymef wlavonf/ xkd h
ajumifhvnf; tawmifeSpfq,frif;a,musfm;rsm; tvef hjuD; vef hjyD; rdef;uav;wkd hvSKyf&Sm;avorSs
trlt,mrSeforSsudk rm,mymk owfrSwfcJhjuymef wlavonf/ ndKaxG;onf jrm;udk cGsefjyD; axmifxm;&m?
udk&ifarmifu jrm;OD;odk h wjznf;jznf; wkd;vmaeonfeSifh wlaeonf/
]OD;&efuem;uawmh aymmxm;w,f? ndKaxG;eJ haygif;&if Ak'¨yml;om; 'ku©a&mufr,fwJh}
]OD;&efuem;wJhvm; 1m,folvJ}
judk hukef;&GmxJu aA'ifq&mjuD;av odyfrSefwm1mJ}
OD;&efuem;toHudk jum;&aomtcg cifcsdKonf &,fcsifvGef;í rsufeSmudk wpfzufodk h vSnfhxm;
vdkufonf/ jyóemuawmh oyGwftlvdkufaeayjyD/ OD;&efuem; ay:vmonfhtwGuf w&m;oljuD;
acgufqGJpm;&avonf/ rymkwfwmvnf; ajymcJhayjyD/ w&m;oljuD; ya,m*ajumifh ndKaxG;tm;wufjyD;
tonf;cGJa&; tpDtpOfudk qufvuf vkyfaqmifcJhonf/ 1mmvdkvdkeSifh w&m;oljuD;onf w&m;cH1m0odk h
a&mufrSef;rod a&mufaeacsjyD/ cifcsdKonf &,fcsif&ufu pdwfvnf; t&SKyfjuD; &Skyfrdonf/
]axG;axG;a&m ar;rvm;? odyfrSefwm}
]tymkwfrSefvm;}
]ar;raeeJ h? OD;&efuem; r&Sdawmh1ml;}
]ymif 1mmjzpfvdk h}
]ymdk; ykyÜm;awmifrSm w&m;tm;xkwfzkd hxGufoGm;jyD? odyfvJaeraumif;1ml;wJh? tJ'DrSmyJ xGuf&yf
ayguf&if aygufoGm;rSm...}
&efuem;Zmwfodrf;rS jzpfawmhrnfrdk hcifcsdKonf twnfaygufeSifh 0ifí ajymrdonf/
]ym,f emvdkufwm? axG;axG;awmif rar;vdkuf&1ml;? pmar;yGJrSm trSwfaumif;yghrvm;? tqifh
1m,favmufeJ hatmifrvJ? ar;csifvdkufwm}
]ewfwif eifwwf&if atmifrSmaygh rdaxG;&,f}
r0gonf pdwfr&Snfedkifovdk 0ifajymonf/ a0a0\&efuem;tajumif;udk odxm;ojzifh jumvSsif
r&,fedkif1mJ x&,frdrnf pkd;aomajumifh jzpfymefwlonf/ axG;axG;onf 1mmrS qufrajymawmh1mJ
ukwifay:wGif rwfwyf&yfvkdufonf/ tkef;oD;xJrS t&nfrsm;udkvnf; azmufxkwfjyD; jzpfojzifh

50
 rpE´m

tkef;tcGHrmudk cGJ&ef cifcsdKwdk hwwfekdifaom enf;wpfenf;om &Sdonf/ tjrifhwGif wuf&yfjyD; vufeSpfzuf

udk tay:ajrSmufum tkef;oD;udk oHrHwvif; ay:odk hypfcsvkdufjcif;jzpfonf/ acgif;rmaom tkef;oD;
qkdygu wpfcsufwnf;eSifh r&ay/ oHk;av;cg ypf&wwfonf/
]0rf; wl; o&D; ypf]
rdonf em;udk vufeSpfzufeSifh tkyfcg atmfonf/ axG;axG;vufxJrS t&SdefeSifh usvmaom tkef;oD;
av;onf oHrHwvif;eSifh &dkufcwfrdaomtcg cGrf;ceJ uGJoGm;onf/
]ym,f ym,f qHusnfaxG;av;}
tkef;oD;tuGJwGif qHusnfaxG;jzLjzLav;onf jyKwfjyD; vdrfhxGufvmonf/ tpm;aemufodk h vdkuf
aom r0gonf ukwifatmuftxd av;zufaxmufvsuf vdkufoGm;onf/ pmtkyfyHkrsm; aowåmrsm;eSifh
nyfaeaom ckwifatmufwGif wukef;ukef; wuGuG &SmazGjyD; av;zufaxmufvsufeSifhyif aemufjyef
xGufvmonf/ ol hvufxJwGif qHusnfaxG; jzLjzLav;onf zHktvdrf;vdrf;eSifh ygvmonf/
]ym,f tkef;oD;jrifrS xrif;pm;csifw,f}
]rqDrqdkifymm rduvJ}
]tymkwfajymwm? wu,fqmvmvdk h}
rdajymrSyif cifcsdKwdk hvnf; qmvmonf/ naexrif;pm;raumif;ygu &Spfem&DcGJ udk;em&Davmuf
usvSsif qmvmjyDjzpfonf/ vqef;&uf tdrfrS a&mufcgp qdkvSsif azmazmoDoD pm;ekdifonf/ vukef
&ufqdkvSsifum; a&aomufjyD; AdkufarSmuftdyfoihfygu tdyfju&avonf/ cifcsdKwdk htkyfpkonf udk,fhydkufqH
eSifh udk,f tusF Dwpfpyif r0,fekdifatmif tpm;eSdyfpufjcif; cH&olrsm; jzpf\/
]aEG;at;u tmvl;okwfeJ hvufzufokwf0,fuGm? xrif;oHk;xkyfqkd&if avmufa&maygh?
OD;at;armifudk ay;zkd hu ig;rl;}
nxGufcGifhr&Sdaom taqmifaeausmif;olrsm;onf taqmifapmifhrsm;udk ydkufqHay;jyD; 0,fckdif;
ju&onf/ OD;av;juD;rsm;uvnf; awmf&Smjuygayonf/ ausmif;olrsm; pm;csiforSs rnnf;rnL
tacgufacguf tcgcg 0,fay;ju& avonf/
odk heSifhyif cifcsdKwdk hwawG vufzufokwfeSifh nv,f xrif;pm;jzpfjuavonf/ tcef;tjyif
1mufwGif 0kdif;zGJ hjyD; pmrdjuonf/ vloGm;vrf;wGif rD;ydwfxm;ojzifh arSmif&dyforf;um va&mif vJhvJhjzm
usaeonf/ avajyavnif;aoG;aeaom ntcsdefwGif xrif; rvHkravmuf? ymif;? rvHkravmufeSifh
oli,fcsif;wpfpk wpfvkwfwpfqkyfpD pm;&onfrSm t&omxl;vSonf/ vufzufpm;&if; i&kwfoD;pm;
csifaomajumifh r0gonf wpfcef;0if wpfcef;xGufeSifh i&kwfoD;vdkuf&Smonf/ aemufqHk;vGifvGifat;wdk h
tcef;rS ajcmufaeaom i&kwfoD;pdrf;oHk;axmifh &vmcJhavonf/ r&SdygrS pm;aumif;aeaom i&kwfoD;av;
onf wpfa,mufwpfudkufeSifh cPav; ukefoGm;onf/
]aymm ymkdrsm udk&ifarmif rymkwfvm;]
axG;axG;onf taqmifa&S h&Sd vrf;uav;wGif jznf;jznf;av; avSsmufoGm;aom ausmif;om;
wpftkyfudk nTefjyonf/ nOfhtarSmifwGif vlvHk;roJuGJvSacs/ odk haomf cifrifol tcsif;csif;qkdygu vlymef

51
 *sDa[mol

eSifh vrf;avSsmufymefudk junfhjyD; rnfolrnf0g cGJjcm;ekdifavonf/ t&yfjrifhjyD; cyfav;av; avSsmufavh

&Sdaom udk&ifarmif\ ymefudkvnf; cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk; rSwfrdjuonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf taqmifa&S h
wGif jzwfavSsmuf&if; taqmifwGif;odk hiJhapmif;junfhjuavonf/
]ymdwf 1mmjunfhwmvJ? rr,fr r&Sd1ml;}
axG;axG;onf eSmacgif;udk vufeSifhydwfcg eSmoHav;eSifh toHzsufí atmfvdkufonf/ toHudk
rSwfrdoGm;ygu udk,fhtvSnfhusvSsif aoatmifcH&rnfrdk haxG;axG;vnf; ajumufwwf&Smavonf/
]yma&; tmudk; 1m,fwGm;rvJ? rr,fru vufzufpm;ygOD;wJh tmudk;}
cifcsdKwkd hrwm;edkifrD 'kwd,tjudrf atmfjyefonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;qDrS &,foHusdwfusdwfudk
jum;&onf/ udk&ifarmifonf taqmif1mufodk hjunfhcsif&ufeSifh acgif;iJhjyD;rjunfh0Hh&Smawmhay/ ndKaxG;
onf axG;axG;\ aygifwGif;ajumudk qGJvdrfawmhonf/
]yma&; 1mmaumif;vJ? u,fygOD; tmudk;? rr,fr emhudk qdwfaew,f}
axG;axG;onf ravSsmh1mJ uJí atmfavonf/ *sDaymmonf &wem? tif;vsm;paom rdef;uav;
aqmifrsm;eSifh rwlacs/ taqmifeSifh vrf;uyfaeaomajumifh toHcyfus,fus,f ajymqdkvdkufvSsifyif
vrf;rS aumif;aumif; jum;&avonf/ axG;axG;\ aumif;rSKajumifh udk&ifarmifonf rnfonfh1mufrS
rvSnfh0Hhawmh1mJ ZufjuD;ckdifoGm;&Smonf/ ol ha1m;rS ausmif;om;rsm;onfum; toHtkyfjyD; usdwf&,fae
juonf/
cifcsdKwdk hvnf; tjyifwGif jumjumrae0Hh? tcef;xJ 0ifajy;ju&onf/ taqmifrSL;odoGm;ygu
woDwwef;juD; tqlcH&rnf pdk;aomajumifh jzpfygonf/

***

52
 rpE´m

(15)

]OD;atmifnGef heJ hpdkif;&Dvdwfu oHk;wef;? OD;atmifodef;eJ harmifarmifzkef;u av;wef;? tl&Sm;aumheJ h

&kd'D,dkaemhzfu ig;wef; ajcmufwef;? OD;rsdK;jrifhpdef XmerSL;? tdk*sDaumh? tl&Sm;aumh? 'dk&dkzD;,uf? OD;rsdK;jrifhpdef
XmerSL;}
udk0if;ekdifonf AdokumoDcsif;udk atmfqdk&if; yHkqGaJ eonf/ ]tdk1mvm'D; tddk1mvm'g} oDcsif;tvdkuf
q&mrsm;trnfoGif;um zsufqdkxm;jcif; jzpf\/ oDcsif;tvdkuf ajyajyvnfvnf qdkedkifaomajumifh
wrsdK;wzHk em;axmifí aumif;avonf/
Adokum ausmif;olausmif;om;tm;vHk;vdkvdkyif toHaumif;ola&m? raumif;olyg yHkpHpdwful;&if;
qGJ&if; oDcsif;jiD;avh&Sdjuonfudk cifcsdK owdxm;rdonf/ pdwftm&Hkudk yHkpHxJwGif pl;pdkufjyD; epfjrKyfae
csdefwGif yg;pyfrS tvdkvdkyif oDcsif;oH xGufvmwwfjuayonf/ pum;ajymvSsif xpfaom armifjrifhyif
yHkqGJ&if; oDcsif;qkdaomtcg vHk;0rxpfawmhacs/
]cifcsdK qGJvdk hjyD;vkjyDvm;? 1mmidkifaewmvJ}
]ajomf axG;axG;}
axG;axG;onf yHkqGJrifvdkufwHudk udkif&if; idkifaeaom cifcdsK\ ykcHk;udk zswfceJ ykwfvdkufonf/
qwfceJ wkefoGm;aom cifcsdKudk junfhjyD; ymufymufyufyuf &,faeavonf/ &,fp&mudk &SmjyD; &,fae
avh&Sdaom axG;axG;\ rsufeSmekekav;onf &TifcsdKaewwfavonf/
]cifcsdK 1mmawG awG;aewmvJ}
]1mm&,frymkwfyg1ml;? 'DvkdygyJ}
]cifcsdKurS 'DZdkif;xGufaejyD? awmfao;w,f? axG;axG;jzifh 'DZdkif;awmifr&ao;1ml;? yHkpHujzifh wif&
cgeD;aejyD}
cifcsdK\qGJvufp tdrfyHkpHi,fav;udk junfhae&if; axG;axG;u ajymavonf/ q&mrsm;u yHkpHwpfck
qGJckdif;vdkufvSsif rnfuJhodk haom taqmuftOD;ypönf;udk oHk;jyD; rnfuJhodk haom yHkpHudk wnfaqmufrnfymk
OD;aeSmufcsmcsmvnfatmif pOf;pm;&onfrSm cifcsdKwdk h Adokum ausmif;om;rsm;tvkyfyifjzpf\/ OD;aeSmufrS
pOf;pm;í a&;a&;rSs xGufvmaomtcg wu,faqmufekdif raqmufekdif csí qGJjunfhju&avonf/ qGJí
jyD;aomtcg yHkpHi,fuav;udkyg puúLjym;rsm;eSifh uyfjyD; wnfaqmufju&avonf/ yHkpHi,fuav;wGif
wu,ftaqmuftODeSifh wlap&ef um;uav;rsm;? vluav;rsm;? opfyifuav;rsm;udk ol hpau;eSifhol

53
 *sDa[mol

xnfhoGif; ay;wwfjuonf/ cifcsdKwdk htwGuf opfyifrsm;? um;rsm;udk ndKaxG;eSifh a0a0wdk honf 'dkifcHul
jyD; vkyfay;avh&Sdjuonf/
]ndKaxG;u ajymw,f 'Dwpfcg um;a&mif;pm;r,fwJh? wpfum;udk wpfrwfwJh}
wpfvufrvSsif q,fhajcmufayeSKef;eSifh vkyfxm;aom ndKaxG;\puúLum;av;rsm;onf vufr
avmufom &Sdavonf/ aemufqHk;ay: rSefum;yHkav;rsm;udk awG;jyD; pdwf&Snfvuf&SnfjyKvkyfumaq;a&mif
awmufawmuf okwfay;avh&Sdaom ndKaxG;\ um;av;rsm;onf cifcsdKwdk h\ taqmuftODi,fav;rsm;
eSifh vdkufzufvSonf/ wpfcgwpf&Hk &dk;yHkpHrsm; jyKvkyf&aomtcg vrf;rjuD;wGif ajy;qGJaom ymD;edk;um;
av;rsm;udkyg pdwfvdkvuf& jyKvkyfay;wwfavonf/
]'Daumif pD;yGm;a&; aomif;usef;w,f? ymdkwpfcgwkef;u opfyifwpfyif q,fjym;ay;&w,f}
]'Dwpfcg pmar;yGJeD;ae&ufeJ hulvkyfay;&wmrdk hwpfrwfwJh? aps;wufoGm;w,f}
]aumif;wmayghymm? acG;rav; ndKaxG;}
cifcsdKonf rausreyfeSifh ajymrdonf/ nKdaxG;ymlonfh ndKaxG;onf ulp&m&SdvSsif rjiD;rjiL
apwem &Sd&SdeSifh ulavh&Sdavonf/ odk haomf wpfcgwpf&H aAGqdk;azmufjyD; apwemudk aiGeSifh wefzdk;jzwfum
vufzufokwf 0,fpm;wwfaom owå0gav;jzpf\/
]cifcsddK xrif;pm;cef;eJ hrD;zdkcef;wGJxm;rSmyJvm;? axG;axG;awmh wjcm;pDxm;wm judkufw,f}
]wjcm;pDxm;wmu tdrfazmfrsm;rsm;?xrif;csufowfowfxm;edkif&ifawmhymkwfwmaygh? tdrf&SifruyJ
csuf&wJh tdrfrSm xrif;pm;cef;eJ hrD;zdka0;ae&if raumif;1ml; xifw,f}
]tif; 'gvJ ymkwfwmyJ}
]aemufjyD; 'dk hjrefrmtdrfawGu ekdifiHjcm;vdk rymkwf1ml;? rD;zdkacsmifrSm pm;yGJ0kdif;av;eJ h pkpm;wwf
juwm? wnif;oD;qm;pdrftdk;utp? iHjym&nf? ig;yd? ig;ajcmuf tqHk; rD;zdkrSm xm;wwfjuwmrdk hrD;zdkvJ
us,fus,fvkdw,f}
]at; ymkwfw,f? rD;zdkrus,f&ifvJ odkavSmifcef;av; &SdygrS? 'grSrymkwf&if wnif;oD; qm;pdrfeH h
ymm tdrfcef;em;txd e,fcsJ hvma&m? tJ'gawGu pm;vdk hom aumif;wm? &SLvdk h awmh w,fraumif;1ml;
aem}
axG;axG;onf awG;awG;qqav;ajymjyD; &,faeavonf/ axG;axG;onf uav;qefvGef;
aomfvnf; wpfcgwpf&HwGifrl twnfayguf awG;wwfavonf/ odk haomf q,fcgwpfcgom twnf
awG;wwfaom axG;axG;udk rnfolurS vljuD;t&m roGif;wwfacs/ ol hqdkvSsif wpfqihfeSdrfhjyD; uav;
ozG,f oa1mmxm;avh&Sdojzifh axG;axG;onf tvGefa'goxGufavh&Sdonf/
]aym; jyD;jyDvm;? jyD;jyDvm; qGJvdk hjyD;jujyDvm;? yHkpHwifzdk hu zifem;uyfaejyDaem}
udkoef;a0onf twef;xJodk htajy;tvTm; 0ifvm&if; ajymonf/ ol hvufxJwGif yHkpHi,fjyKvkyf&ef
aumf1ml;rsm;? puúLjym;rsm;udk wayG hwydkufjuD; udkifxm;avonf/ cg;jum;xJwGifrl uwfaju;wpfvufudk
xdk;xm;onf/

54
 rpE´m

]udkoef;a0 taqmifu vmwmvm;}

]ymifhtif; pyg;vHk;a&G;jyD; jyefvmwm}
]1mmymif;vJ}
]1mJOa&ajumfeJ hjuuf&dk;ymif;}
taqmifrS auGs;aom xrif;onf trsm;pmcsufonfrdk hpyg;vHk; ra&G;ekdif1mJ csufju&avonf/ xkd h
ajumifh xrif;xJwGif pyg;vHk;rsm; edkifcsif; ygavh&Sdonf/ xrif;pm;vSsif pyg;vHk;a&G;&onfrSmvnf; tvkyf
wpfvkyf jzpfaeavonf/ xkd hajumifh ausmif;om;rsm;onf xrif;pm;aqmifodk hxrif;pm;&efoGm;
onfudkyif pyg;vHk;a&G;&ef oGm;onfymk ajymavh&Sdjuonf/ xrif;wpfyef;uefvSsif pyg;vHk; tvHk;oHk;q,
eSifh av;q,fjum; ygavh&Sdonfymk ajymjuonf/ ]a0a0url pyg;vHk;vJ txJrSm xrif;yJ 1mmjzpfovJ} ymk
ajymum *&kwpdkuf z,favhr&Sdacs/
]cifcsdK cifAsm; ndKaxG;eJ hcifovm;}
]cifw,fav 1mmjzpfvdk h}
udkoef;a0onf cg;jum;xJrS uyfaju;udk tHqGJxJ xnfhvdkufjyD; qGJvufpyHkudk qufqGJ&ef cJwH
cGsefaeonf/
]aymm q&mvmjyD}
cifcsdKonf taotcsm ar;rnfymk ymefjyifaepOf q&m0ifvmí tomjidrf&if; yHHkqufqGJae&onf/
wpfavmu ausmif;tajy;rsm;oGm;ojzifh cifcsdKwdk hwpfawG ckwpfavm ausmif;rSefrSef wufae&onf/
pm;aomufqdkifxJwGif xGufajy;&onfhtjzpfudkrl q&mjuD; rodí awmfygao;onf/ yHkpHqGJí wifonf
qkdaomfvnf; udk,fxif&m udk,fqGJedkifjuonf rymkwfay/ twef;ydkifq&meSifh wpfqifhjyD; wpfqifh
tajutvnf aqG;aEG;jyD;rS *sL&D wifju&onf jzpfonf/ cifcsdKwdk hq&mjuD;onf wpfOD;pD vdkufjunfhjyD;
qGJxm;aom yHkpHrsm;udk taumif;tqdk; nTefjyjyD; aqG;aEG;avonf/
cifcsdK\ ta&S h1mufcHkrS ,keSifhq&monf jiif;aejuonf/ ,kqGJxm;aom yHkpHwGif jrefrmqef
ap&efymk jyom'fvdkvdk tcGseftwufrsm; xnfhcdkif;aeavonf/ 1mmoma&; taqmuftODrymkwfonfh
twGuf ,kuvnf; rxnfhvdkay/ edkifiHjcm;om;q&meSifh oif&onfrSm wpfcgwpf&H jrefrmrSK? jrefrmymefeSifh
ywfowfjyD; jyóemay:wwfavonf/ trSwf&vSsif jyD;a&mymk q&mhtjudkufvdkufjyD; wHpufjrdwfutp
yef;qGJvdkvdk twGef huav; rsm;eSifh jyKvkyfjyefaomtcgüvnf; tlajumifajumif taqmuftOD jzpfoGm;
wwfjuavonf/
]udkoef;a0? ndKaxG;tajumif; 1mmvdk har;wmvJ}
q&m tvkyfrsm;aepOf cifcsdKonf ukdoef;a0udk wdk;wdk;av;vSnfhjyD; ar;rdavonf/
]cifAsm; udk&ifarmifudk odvm;}
]odom;yJ}

55
 *sDa[mol

]ajomf olu ajymvdk hyg? cifcsdKeJ hndKaxG;eJ hcifw,fxifygw,fwJh]

]tif;av tJ'g 1mmjzpfvJ? 1mmeJ hpum;pyfrdvdk hvJ}
]ndKaxG;tajumif; ajym&if;yg? ndKaxG; a1mmfvDa1mmupm;wmudk ajymjyD; taqmifrSm &,faeju
w,f? ol howådudkawmh tm;vHk; csD;usL;aejuw,fav}
]ndKaxG;av; oem;ygw,f}
]cifcsdK cifAsm;eJ hudk&ifarmifeJ hwpfavwnf;yJ? udk&ifarmifuvJ oem;ygw,fwJh? ol h rsufeSmav;
ymm eD&JjyD; t&rf;&Sufaeayr,fh r&Sufcsifa,mifaqmifjyD; qufupm;aewmudk oem;p&m aumif;aewmwJh}
udkoef;a0onf ajym&if;wef;vef; ol htem;odk hq&ma&mufvmonfhtwGuf ]r*Fvm eHeufcif;yg
q&m} ymk eSKwfquf&if; rwfwyf&yfvkdufonf/ cifcsdKeSifhvnf; pum;jywfoGm;avonf/ ymefrysuf
yHkqufqGJaeaomfvnf; cifcsdK hpdwfrsm; a0aeonf/ r0g? rdeSifh a0a0? armfarmf wdk hwawG wpfvc
pDjyKwf&ef ta&;onf wjznf;jznf; zefvmaejyD xifygonf/

***

56
 rpE´m

(16)

]zefvmi,fa&;i,f? ajomf zefvmi,fa&;? at; - aym; i,f - tdk - ymdk - ymdk &,fvJ&,fcsif idkvJ
idkcsifw,f}
a0a0onf ol hvufxJrS yef;a&mifpm&GufeSifh pm&GuftjzLuav;udk ,SOfvsuf axmifjy&if;
aygufu& atmfaeavonf/ ol ha1m;wGif armfarmfonf jyHK;pyfpyfuav; xdkifaeonf/
ol hjunfh&onfrSm tawmf&,fcsifaeymef &Sdonf/
]1mmjzpfvdk hvJ a0a0}
]ajym rajymcsifawmh1ml;? rajymcsifawmhyg1ml; yml; yml; yml;}
a0a0onf pdwfysufvufysuf atmfavonf/ armfarmfurl 1mmrSrajym1mJ a0a0hvufxJrS pm&Guf
eSpf&Gufudk qGJ,ljyD; cifcdsK hqDodk hurf;ay;onf/
]cspf&vGef;aom a0wJh? tymrf; - 1m,fol hqDuvJ rda0}
]'o*D&dqDu - tJ'g xm;ygOD;? ymdkpmzwfygOD;}
a0a0onf tdyf,may:wGif yufvuf vSJae&if; 1mdef;pm;oHav;eSifh ajymavonf/ odk h ajumifh
cifcsdKvnf; pm&GufjzLav;udk zGifhzwfjzpfonf/
]orD;av;a0a0wJh? ymm rda0 eifhtarqDu pm 1mmvkyfzkd hwHk;}
]qufzwfygOD;av}
]orD;av; aeaumif;vdrfhrnfymk xifygonf/ pmar;yGJeD;í pmjudk;pm;ae&ojzifh yifyef;aevdrfhrnf
xifygonf/ arar vljuHkeSifh tm;aq;rsm; ay;ydk hvdkufygonf/ arar azmfay;vdkufaom aoG;aq;udkvnf;
rSefrSefaomufyg}
]ymm eifhymmawGuvJ 1mmrS pdwf0ifpm;p&m ryg? aymm - aymm - awG hjyD}
ymdkwpfae hu ararh oli,fcsif; r&ifjreJ hawG hygonf/ om;ajumif; orD;ajumif; ajymju&if; ol h
om;vnf; orD;wdk hausmif;rSm &Sdonfymk od&onf/ orD;eSifh wpfeSpfwnf; a&mufonfymk ajymygonf/
armif&ifarmif t&yfjrifhjrifh ymk ajymygonf/
]tvJh - igwdk hudk&ifarmifayghaemf}

57
 *sDa[mol

]ararwdk holi,fcsif; tcsif;csif; uGJoGm;juwm tawmfjumjyD; ckrS jyefawG hjcif; jzpfonf/ aemif
aqGrsdK;awmfju&ef orD;eSifh om;udk ae&mcsay;&&if raumif;vm;ymk r&ifjru ajymaeygao;onf/
]ym,f - ym,f - ym,f}
cifcsdKonf pmudk qufrzwfjzpfawmh1mJ vufxJrS pm&GufvGwfusoGm;ygonf/ yg;pyftaymmif;om;
jzpfoGm;aom cifcsdK hudk a0a0onf &,fcsifidkcsif rsufeSmxm;uav;eSifh ajumifai;ai; jyefjunfhae
avonf/
]ym,f juHkrS juHkwwfw,f}
]at;uG,f juHk&w,f}
ar;udk vufeSifh pHk axmufum jyHK;rJhrJh jzpfaeaom armfarmfonf cyfnnf;nnf;av; ajymonf/
a0a0u 1mmrajym nmrajymeSifh ymufymufyufyuf x&,faomtcgwGifum; cifcsdKa&m armfarmfyg
&,fjzpfjuavonf/ udk&ifarmifwpfa,mufawmh rsufcHk;vSKyfa&mhrnf xifonf/
]a0a0 1m,fvdk oa1mm&wHk;}
]1mmudkvJ}
]udk&ifarmifh udpöudkav}
tymuf a0a0awmh udk,fhvcav; wpfvcjyKwfatmif udk,fhymmukd,f tm;judk;rmefwuf judk;pm;
&OD;rSmaygh}
]1m,f vdk}
]udk&ifarmif ndKaxG;udk judkufw,fvdk haocsm&if a0a0wkd h&SHK;r,f rymkwfvm;? t&ifwkef;uawmh
&SHkK;rSm ajumufvdk h&efuem;awmif vkyfcJh&ao;w,f? ckawmh &SHK;atmif vdk hudk judk;pm;&OD;r,f}
]qkdygawmh &SHK;awmh 1mmvkyfrvJ}
]&SHK;awmh tarhudk ajym&rSmaygh? yma&; trm; - &ifarmifaemf raumif;1ml; &Sdw,f? olav trm;
orD;udk rjudkuf1ml;? ndKaxG;vdk hac:w,faemf? t*FgorD;udk judkufw,f? trm;orD;eJ h ay;pm;vdk haemf?
trsm;juD; 'Gwfca&mufr,fvdk hajym&rSmaygh}
&efuem;aveSifhajym&if; a0a0onf &,faeavonf/ cspfa&;judkufa&; tdrfaxmifa&;udk
vHk;0rpOf;pm;ao;aom a0a0onf udk&ifarmifeSifh ndKaxG; eD;pyf&ef tm;oGefcGefpdkuf judk;yrf;awmhrnf
xifonf/ tlvnfcsmvnf vdkufaeaom jyóemxJwGif w&m;oljuD; cifcsdKwpfa,mufawmh *Gsrf;om
vSdrfhjyD; xkd;csifpdwf aygufvmonf/
]1m,fymkwfrvJ rda0a0? &SHK;&if eifwpfa,mufwnf; rymkwf1ml;? igwkd hyg &SHK;rSm? udk&ifarmifeJ hae&m
csrSm eifom oa1mmwlvdkuf&if igwdk htukefedkifa&m}
]tvkdav; - av; - rvkyfvdkufygeJ h}

58
 rpE´m

armfarmfu rausreyf 0ifajymaomtcg a0a0onf ajcum;,m; vufum;,m;eSifh

atmfaeavonf/ ol hudk junfh&onfrSm &,fp&mvnf; aumif;onf/ pdwfnpfp&mvnf; aumif;vSonf/
]trfrmav; tar&J h? 1mmjzpfvdk hrsm; udk&ifarmifqkdwJhvl&J htareJ hrsm; oGm;jyD; oli,fcsif;
awmf&wmvJ? ataym;aym; - oli,fcsif;awmf&wHk; ymHk; - ymHk;}
]ym,f a0a0 1mmjzpfaewmvJ}
tdyf,may:wGif yufvufvSeftdyf&if; awG hu&m atmfum idkcsif;csaeaom a0a0hudk tcef;xJ
0ifvmaom ndKaxG;onf wtHhwjo junfhaeonf/ jzLwpf0uf eDwpf0uf jzpfaeaom a0a0hrsufeSmav;
onf ndKaxG;udk awG haomtcg aoG;a&mifvSsrf;vmonf/
]rdndKaxG; - csmwl; avayg}
]ymif}
]tvum; tD;aygavm}
]ymm}
]avjuGm;}
]aymmawmh}
1mmrajym nmrajym xqJaeaom a0a0hudk ndKaxG;onf jyL;ajumifajumifav; junfhaeavonf/
ndKaxG;vufxJwGif udkifxm;aom yk@&dyfyef;eDeDav;rsm;udk awG h&ojzifh ndKaxG;wpfa,muf vrf;avSsmuf
&mrS jyefvmjcif; jzpfymefwlonfymk cifcsdKawG;rdavonf/
]tvum; avayg tD;aygavm}
]ymif rda0a0 eif1mmjzpfaewHk;}
tuste rsufpdrSdwfum wpfckjyD;wpfck pOf;pm;a&&Gwfaeaom a0a0\ ykcHk;udk ndKaxG;onf
udkifvSKyfaeavonf/ ol hjunfh&onfrSm tawmfyif rcHcsd rcHom jzpfaeyHk &onf/
]1m,frvJ udk&ifarmihfqDu &nf;pm;pm}
]ajomf 'gvm;}
]rjumcif &ygaphr,fqdk avjuGm;uav;&J h}
ndKaxG;\rsufeSmwGif rmea&mifvTrf;oGm;avonf/ yk@&dyfyef;uav;rsm;udk pm;yGJay: ypfwifvkduf
jyD; a0a0hudk cyfawGawGav; junfhaeonf/
]tajymeJ htvkyfqdkwm nDrSaumif;wm}
rcHcsd rcHom ajymaeaom a0a0hudk armfarmfonf tomvufukwfaeonf/ cifcsdKurl 1mm0ifajym
&rSef; rodonfhtwGuf jidrfaerdonf/

59
 *sDa[mol

]rdndKaxG;wdk hu rjzpfekdif&if rajym1ml;? od&J hvm;? apmifhjunfhaygh? a0a0wkd hrif;om;juD;

&ifuGJr,fhae hudk apmifhjunfhaygh}
ndKaxG;u rmefygyg ajymaomtcg a0a0onf usdwfí jyHK;aeavonf/ armfarmfurl
oufjyif;cs&Smonf/ pufrSKpum;eSifh ajym&vSsifrl at;aeaompufudk csm*sif0ifatmif rme a&avmif;aejyD
ymk ajym&rnf xifygonf/ a0a0 rw&m;ymk cifcsdK awG;rdonf/ jyóemt&SKyfawmfyHkxJwGif 1mmrS
0ifrajym1mJ at;at;aq;aq; ikwfwkwf prÜ,faeaom w&m;oljuFD; cifcsdKvnf; tawmfyif csmvS
ygao;onf/

***

60
 rpE´m

(17)

]csmvdkufwmymm - igheS,f? aoygawmh? jyD;umeD;usrS xyfjyD; rSm;oGm;w,f? aoym}

r0gonf vufeSpfzufudk pHkcgjyD; ckefaeonf/ wpfausmif;vHk; jidrfwdwfae&mrS pmar;yGJ tcsdefaph
acgif;avmif;xdk;jyD;onfeSifh a0gceJ qlnHoGm;avonf/ cgcsOftHkudk wkwfeSifh xdk;ovdk ausmif;om;rsm;
onf taygufrS vSsHjyD; xGufvmjuonf/ ar;cGef;pm&Gufrsm;udk udkifjyD; tajzwdkufjuaom toHrsm;onf
wpfOD;eSifhwpfOD; rjum;edkifavmufatmifyif qlnHaeonf/ r0gonf ckefaygufjyD; xGufvmonf/ ol h
aemuf1mufwGif rrcifeSifh rdonf acgif;csif;qkdifum tajzwdkufaejuonf/
]aym; ajzedkifvm;? ajzedkifvm;}
cifcsdKwdk hrajz&aom 1mmomrsm;udk tayguf0rSqD;jyD; olwkd hudk jukdk&onf/ rdujyHK;aeaomfvnf;
r0gu &SHK hrJhaeonf/ wpfzufcef;rS a0a0eSifharmfarmfurl &,fusJusJ eSifhxGufvmjuavonf/ olwkd ha1m;rS
ndKaxG;url rsufarSmifjuKwf&if; ar;cGef;vTmudk tjyefjyef tvSefvSef junfh&onf/
]ndKaxG;ajzekdifvm;}
]odyfr&1ml;}
]awmfprf;ygym,f? r&1ml; r&1ml;eJ htcsdefwef&if *&dwfzdk;eJ hzdkufuudk atmufrus1ml;}
]'dk huawmh &Sif;&Sif;yJ? *&dwfzdk;avmufawmh 0ifw,fuG}
]r0gawmh *&dwfo&D;yJ xifyg&J h? ,leJ hyDawmh vGwfr,f xifyg&J h}
cifcsdKapmifhaeaom tvkyf&HkatmufwGif vlpkrdjuonf/ pmar;yGJaemufqHk;&ufrdk hcifcsdKwdk h tm;vHk;
&kyf&Sifjunhf&ef pDpOfxm;juonf/ pmar;yGJjyD;vSsif aEGausmif;ydwf&uf pjyD jzpfavonf/ odk haomfvnf;
cifcsdKwdk haemufqHk;eSpf ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm; wpfOD;wpfa,mufrSs tdrfrjyefju&ay/ 1mGJ h,lppfwrf;
twGuf pkaqmif;avhvmrSKrsm;ukd jyKvkyfaeju&rnf jzpfonf/
]aymm - udk&ifarmif? udk&ifarmif ajzekdifvm;}
]ajomf - a0a0 toifhtwifhygyJAsm? 1m,fheS,fhvJ vlpHkvSacsuvm;}
]tymJ vlpHkqdk &kyf&SifoGm;jurvdk h}
]1mmum;vJAs}

61
 *sDa[mol

]&&mum;yJ? vufrSwf&wJhum; 0ifjunfhjurSmyJ}

]ymm; aysmfp&mjuD;}
]vdkufcJhygvm;}
a,musfm;av;wpfOD;udk eSKwfoGufvSsmoGufeSifh &kyf&Sifjunfh&ef zdwfac:vdkufaom a0a0hudk rrcif
onf rodrom rsufapmif;xdk;avonf/ a0a0u rodcsifa,mifaqmifaeonf/ udk&ifarmifu ndKaxG;udk
a0hceJ junfhvdkufaomtcgüvnf; ndKaxG;onf rodymef jyKaeavonf/
]uGsefawmfwdk ha,musfm;om;eSpfa,mufxJudk rw&m;awmh rvkyfjuygeJ haemf}
Apfwmonf eSmacgif;ay:usvmaom rsufrSefxljuD;udk vufeSifh yifhwifvdkuf&if; &,fp&mvdkvdk
ajymonf/ cifcsdKwdk hvlpkeSifh &kyf&Sifvdkufjunfhcsifaomfvnf; r&Jw&J ajumufaeymef &Sdonf/
]aym; tcsdefeD;jyD oGm;jur,f}
rrcifu avmaqmfvdkufaomtcg tm;vHk;xGufvmjzpfjuavonf/ udk&ifarmifESifh Apfwmvnf;
a,mifvnfvnfeSifh ygvmjuonf/ a0a0awmh taqmifa&mufvSsif acgif;acgufcH&awmhrnf jzpf\/
]ndKaxG; ajzekdifvm;}
]'DvkdygyJ? atmifawmh atmifygvdrfhr,f}
]*&dwfzdkuf 0ifw,fxifyg&J h}
]ajomf txifrjuD;ygeJ h}
ndKaxG;onf yg;csdKifhav;ay:atmif jyKH;&,f&if; ajzonf/ 1mwfpfum;qdyf ta&mufwGif ndKaxG;
acgif;rS jyKwfusoGm;aom pHy,fukH;av;udk udk&ifarmifu aumufay;vdkufonf/
]ndKaxG; yef;odyfjudkufw,fxifw,f}
]1mmjzpfvdk h}
]ajomf tjrJwrf; yef;wpfrsdK;rsdK;awmh yefxm;wmvdk hyg}
a0a0hudk tajumif;jyKjyD;vdkufvmaom udk&ifarmifonf ndKaxG;eSifh pum;vufqHkusaeaomtcg
cifcsdK tawmf&,fcsifaeonf/ rda0a0 ynmpGrf;awG jyaejyD xifonf/ w&m;oljuD;vnf; 0goemygonf
rdk holwkd hajymaeaom pum;rsm;udk em;pGifhaxmifrdonf/
]rda0a0 acG;r}
armfarmfonf a0a0hudk usdwfjyD; qdwfum toHtkyfeSifh qJavonf/ omoemzsuf&rnfh ta&;wGif
wm0efudk ausyGefpGm rxrf;aqmif1mJ omoem tjyKaumif;? a&tavmif;aumif;aeonfh a0a0hajumifh
avmif;aju;&SHK;awmhrnfudk awG;jyD; &ifav;aeymef &Sdonf/
]ndKaxG; 1mmyef;tjudkufqHk;vJ}

62
 rpE´m

]judkufwmcsnf;ygyJ}
]uHhaumfa&m}
]judkufwmaygh}
]uGsefawmfwdk htaqmifem;u uHhaumfawG zl;ukefjyD}
uHhaumfyifrsm;onf pufrSKwuúodkvf0if;xJwGif tawmfrsm;rsm; &Sdaomfvnf; rdef;uav;taqmif
em;wGif r&Sd1mJ a,musfm;av;aqmif1mufwGif jzpfonf/ cifcsdKwdk h rdef;uav;rsm;onf a,musfm;av;
aqmifa&S hu uHhaumfyifudk oGm;cl;&Javmufatmifum; owådraumif;vSay/ reuftapmjuD; ausmif;om;
rsm; redk;rD wdwfwdwfuav; oGm;cl;&ef juHpnfjuao;onf/ armifrif;juD;om; ausmif;om;rsm;onf
nuwnf; u tzl;juD;juD;rsm;udk cl;jyD; a&pdrfxm;juonfymk qdkonf/ uHhaumfonf tyifay:wGifyif
wpfyGifhrS ryGifhju&&Smay/ zefcGufxJwGif yGifhaom yef;av;rsm;onf cifrif&m cifrifajumif; eD;pyf&m
ausmif;olrsm;xHodk ha&mufvmwwfonf/ tyifay:wGif tyGifh&SdrnfrymkwfavonfhtwGuf reuftapm
juD; vlredk;rD yef;cl;&ef juHaom cifcsdKwdk h vnf; tjuHudk vufavSsmhvdkufju&avonf/
udk&ifarmifuawmh ndKaxG;udk yef;judkufovm;ymk ar;aeayjyD/ taqmifapmifhjuD;rSwqifh
uHhaumfyef;av;rsm; a&mufvmvSsif cifcsdKwdk huyfyef&OD;rnf xifonf/ a0a0onf cifcsdK h udk tomvuf
ukwfjyD; rsufpdwpfzuf rSdwfum vufraxmifjyavonf/
]q&mwkd ha& a0 aym aym}
]q&mwkd ha& a0 aym aym}
]'dk hwawG pmjudk;pm; zsm;juyg&J hAsm;}
]0g;}
]'dk hwawG *&dwf0rf; ray;ygeJ hvm;}
]0g;}
ausmif;om;wpfodkufonf atmf&if;ympf&if; oHcsyfxdk;um xGufvmjuonf/ jyHK;oljyHK; rJholrJh
&,fol&,f rSdKifolrSdKifeSifh qlnHaejuonf/
]aym; um;acsmifw,f wufju wufju}
eHygwf&Spfum;wpfpD; xdk;tqdkufwGif cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk; wdk;a0S hwufcJhjuonf/ um;wpfpD;vHk;
ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;om jzpfaeordk hqlnHaeonf/ vrf;rawmftxd c&D;&Snf pD;&rnfjzpfojzifh
cifcsdKwdk honf um;a&S hydkif;txd wkd;vmcJhjuonf/
]þazudk,fjuHwm rajyvnfvm;}
,SOfvsuf &yfaeaom udk&ifarmifeSihf ndKaxG;udk ar;aighjy&if; a0a0u jyHK;pyfpyfeSifh ajymonf/
wwfvnf; wwfedkifaom uav;rav; jzpfonf/

63
 *sDa[mol

]&kyf&Sif&HkxJodk ha&mufaomtcgwGifum; rda0a0 ukvm;zef rxdk;ekdif&Smawmhay/ juHkovdk0ifjyD;

xkdifju&aomajumifh ndKaxG;eSifh udk&ifarmif uyfjyD;xkdif&ef rjuHedkif&Smawmhay/ udk&ifarmifha1m;wGif &SHK hrJhrJh
av;xkdifae&aom a0a0hudk junfh&if; armfarmfonf usdwfí &,faeavonf/ jyHK;usJusJeSifh rsufpd
wpfzufrSdwfjyaom r0gudk junfhum &SHK haeaoma0a0hrsufeSmav;wGifeSKwfcrf;juD;uplxGuf vmavonf/

]udk&ifarmifwdk htaqmifem;u uHhaumfawG t&rf;zl;aejyDaem? a0a0wkd htJ'Dyef;awG vmcl;csifvdkufwm?

ndKaxG;qkd&if uHhaumf odyfjudkufwm? a0a0wkd htxJrSm ndKaxG;u yef;tjudkufwwfqHk;}
&kyf&Sifpí jyaecsdefwGifyif a0a0htoHudk wkd;wkd;av; jum;ae&ao;onf/ wwftm;orSs avSmfae
aom a0a0hudk junfh&if; cifcsdK tawmf&,fcsifaeonf/

***

64
 rpE´m

(18)

]odyf&,fp&maumif;wmyJ cifcdsKa&? ymm; ymm; vmjunfh vmjunfh}

axG;axG;onf tcef;a&S haumf&pf'gvloGm;vrf;wGif xdkifae&if; cifcsdK hudk cyftkyftkyf vSrf;ac:
onf/
]aymm'DrSm aymm'DrSm? tkef;yifatmufudk apmif;juD;ydkufvdk h0ifajy;w,f}
aEGausmif;tm;&ufrsm;wGif ausmif;om;rsm;onf n1mufusvSsif rdef;uav;taqmifrsm; 1mufodk h
vm&if; oDcsif;qdkavh&Sdonf/ udktHhjuD; oDcsif;at;at;av;rsm;udk r,f'vifeSifh omomav;wD;cwf
wwfol &Sdovdk *DwmeSifh 1mDwJvf oDcsif;qdkolrsm;vnf; &Sdonf/ attaqmifrS yavGoHurl pdwfonf
avxJwGif vGifhajrmoGm;avmufatmifyif om,mvSonf/ tzGJ haygif;pHkwGif apmif;juD;ydkufjyD; pnf;eSifh
*syfudkifumvmaom oDcsif;juD;tzGJ hrsm;vnf; ygonf/ taqmifa&S hwGif wifyvif acGxdkifum
apmif;juD;udkd nif;ajymif;pGm wD;cwf&if; *Dwpsmef0ifaepOf um;jzwfoGm;jyD; um;rD;xdk;aom
tcgrsm;wGifum; xajy;wwfjuonf/ rnfol rnfrSs ajumif&Jonf qdkqdk rdef;uav;taqmifa&S hwGif
apmif;juD;ydkufvsufom; ikwfwkwfjuD; um;rD;txdk;awmh rcH0Hhju&Smay/ ,ckvnf; tkef;yifaemufodk h
0ifajy;aom ausmif;om;wpfOD;udk junfh&if; axG;axG;onf tm;rem yg;rem wcGD;cGD;eSifh &,faeonf/
um;jzwfoGm;jyD; twefjumrS tkef;yifaemufrS olonf cyfukef;ukef;av; jyefxGufvmonf/
&,foHusdwfusdwf xGufaeaom rdef;uav;aqmifa&S hwGif jumjumrae&JawmhymefeSifh oDcsif;wpfyk'f qdkjyD;
aomtcg xjyefoGm;avonf/
]tkdufvkdufwm? tcef;xJrSm tdyf&wm ylavSmifaewmyJ}
a0a0eSihfarmfarmfonf zsmwpfcsyfudk qGJ&if; tcef;tjyifxGufvmjuonf/ vloGm;vrf;rD;u
vif;aeojzifh wdwfwdwfuav; oGm;jyD; ydwfvdkufjuonf/ rD;a&mifrsm; avsmhoGm;aomtcgrS avuvnf;
at;vmovdk ttdkufoufomvmavonf/ odk h&mwGif vloGm;vrf;rD;udk ydwfxm;ajumif; taqmifrSL;
odvSsif tqlcH&rnf jzpfonf/ taqmifaumf&pf'garSmifaejcif;udk q&mrrsm;u rjudkufay/ tcef;xJwGif
tdkufojzifh tjyifxGuftdyfaom cifcsdKwdk huvnf; rD;a&mifatmufwGif rtdyfcsifjuay/ vpfvSsif vpfovdk
vloGm;vrf;rD;udk cdk;jyD; ydwfxm;wwfjuonf/
]aym; z&JoD;pm;rvm;}
]ymm pm;rSmaygh? odyfpm;rSmaygh}
raxG;jrifhonf ol htcef;xJrS z&JoD;wpfvHk;rjyD; xGufvmonf/ ajrvwfydkif;wGifaeaom
raxG;jrifhwdk ht&yfwGif tvGef z&JoD;aygavonf/ aEG;OD;tp z&JoD;ay:csdefwGif raxG;jrifh tdrfjyefygu

65
 *sDa[mol

z&JoD;awmif;vdkuf ygvmwwfavonf/ z&Japhrsm;udkvnf; wazsmufazsmufeSifh wpfvavmuf pm;rukef

atmif o,fvmwwfavonf/
]z&JoD;u t0gvm; teDvm;}
]t0ga&m teDa&mygw,f? judkufwmcGJ}
]eSpfckvHk; judkufw,f}
]'gjzifh eSpfckvHk;cGJ}
z&JoD;juD;onf eifhaeatmifav;um tawmfjuD;vSonf/ eSpfvHk;cGJvSsif av;ig;ajcmufa,muf
pm;ukefrnf rymkwfygacs/
z&JcGHxJodk h"m;oGm;ESpfvdkufvSsifyif t&nfrsm; pdrfhxGufvmatmif t&nf&Trf;vSonf/ &TD;ceJ
"m;oGm;eSifhtwl z&JoD;juD; xufjcrf;uGJoGm;avonf/ taphenf;um tom;rsm;jyD; t&nf&Trf;vSaom
z&JoD;eDeDrS csdKat;aom teH hu a0hxGufvmonf/ acgif;tHk;wGif rsufeSmtyfum pdwfr0ifpm;ymefeSifh
tdyfaeaom rdonf z&JoD;eH hudk &SL&SdKuf&if; aigufceJ xxdkifavonf/
]ymm csdKw,f? csdKw,f? odyfaumif;? aemufwpfvHk;qdk&if ydkaumif;OD;r,f}
axG;axG;onf yxrqHk; tpdyfudk aumufpm;aejyD; aemufwpfvHk;udk rsufapmif;xdk;aeavonf/
csdKat;aeaom z&JoD;&nfonf &ifxJodk hpdrfh0ifaeoGm;jyD; at;jroGm;avonf/
aemufwpfvHk;cGJaomtcg ojum;cJuav;rsm;yif tlwdkifwGif uyfaeavonf/ z&JoD;teDeSifh
t0gonf wpfvHk;eSifhwpfvHk; csdKyHkjcif; rwljuacs/ wpfrsdK;pDaumif;jyD; wpfrsdK;pD csdKjuavonf/ a0a0eSifh
axG;axG;u teDudk judkufjuonf/ r0g? armfarmfeSifh rdu t0ga&mif judkufonf/ cifcsdKurl eSpfrsdK;vHk;
jukdufavonf/
]'Dae hyJ ararhqDu pmvmao;w,f}
cifcsdK hvufxJrS z&JoD;pdyf tv,fom;av;udk jzwfceJ vk,lvdkuf&if; a0a0u cyfwdk;wdk;av;
ajymavonf/
]1mmwJhvJ}
]armif&ifarmifudk orD;odjyDvm;wJh? orD;oa1mmxm;a&m 1m,fvdkvJwJh- tymJ}
]ukd&ifarmifhtaruvJ ol hom;qD a0a0htajumif; pma&;avmufa&maygh}
]tJ'gqdk&ifawmh 'ku©yJ? 'gayr,fh araru orD;oa1mmar;yg&apOD;vdk hajymxm;w,fwJh}
]awmfao;wmaygh}
va&mifrSdefrSdefazsmhazsmhwGif a0a0\rsufeSmjyHK;jyHK;av;udk jrifae&onf/ tarh0rf;u uGswfuwnf;
u ridk1mJ &,fvsufom; arG;vmaom uav;rav;rdk h,ckvnf; rjyHK;rysuf &,faeekdifjcif; jzpfvdrfhrnf
xif&onf/ oloa1mmwlxm;aom owdk hom; avmif;vsmudk tonf;cGJa&;twGuf r&ao;aom tvkyf\

66
 rpE´m

vcwpfvcudk avmif;aju;xyfxm;ajumif;om a0a0htarodvSsif rnfuJhodk hjzpfoGm;rnfudk cifcsdK pOf;pm;

í rwwfedkifacs/ ol horD;aygufausmfudk udkifjyD; zGwfcsifvdrfhrnfum; taotcsmyif/
]ukd&ifarmif ndKaxG;udkawmh tawmfpdwf0ifpm;aeyHkyJaemf}
]ymkwfw,f ndKaxG;u 1mmrS xl;xl;jcm;jcm; ymefa&;awmif rjyao;1ml;? armfarmfwdk hawmh &SHK;rSm
ygyJ}
cifcsdKu ajymaomtcg rdonf cyfwdk;wdk;av; &,fvdkufavonf/ &,fom&,fvdkufaomfvnf;
rd\rsufvHk;av;rsm; twGef hcsdK;um rsufarSmifav; rodrom csDaeavonf/
]wu,fvdk hndKaxG;uyg udk&ifarmifudk jyefjyD; judkufr,f qkd&ifawmh w&m;oljuD;u t&SHK;tedkifudk
1m,fvdk qHk;jzwfrSmvJ}
]ymif}
cifcsdK wpfcgrS rawG;rd? 'Djyóemudk wpfcgrS rawG;rdacs/ ndKaxG;\ tonf;eSvHk;udk arhxm;
rdonfymk ajym&rnf xifonf/
]ndKaxG;u 1mmajymvdk hvJ}
]tdk oluawmh 1mmajymrvJ? 'gayr,fh olu tifrwef oem;wwfwJh rdef;uav;rymkwfvm;?
udk&ifarmifuvJ wu,fhudk vlaumif;vlat;wpfa,mufyJ? ndKaxG;ymm udk,fhudk wu,farwåmppfeJ h
cspfvmwJh vlwpfa,muf&J heSvHk;om;udk cGJypf&ufyghrvm;? tajymeJ htaymmnDatmif vkyfedkifyghrvm;}
]ymm ym olwdk heSpfa,muf wu,fjudkufoGm;&if at;a&m? odyfaumif;rSm}
ta&;xJwGif a0a0onf 0rf;omtm;& xatmfaeavonf/ cifcsdKonf vauG;auG;udk
oHwdkifjum;rS iJhapmif;junfh&if; rmejuD;aom rdef;uav;\ u&kPm&dyforf;aom rsufvHk;ndKav;rsm;udk
jrifa,mifvmrdonf/ avajyavat;u woGifoGif wkdufcwfvmaomfvnf; cifcsdK h&ifxJwGif rat;edkif
atmif ylavmifaeonf/
]trf rm av; u,fjuygOD;? tifh tifh wif;vdkuf wm}
]aymm awmh}
cifcsdKwdk hpum;0kdif;udk vHk;0pdwfr0ifpm;1mJ z&JoD;wpfpdwfjyD; wpfpdwf rJpm;aeaom axG;axG;udk
,ckrSyif owdxm;rdawmhonf/ zsmay:wGif yufvufvefum wtifhtifh jzpfaeonf/ r&SLedkif ru,fekdif
jzpfaeavonf/
]axG;axG; aymh - axG;axG; 1mmjzpfaewmvJ}
]z&JoD;pm;wm odyfrsm;oGm;w,f? Adkufudk wif;azmif;aewmyJ vkyfygOD;}
axG;axG;u toH,Jh,JheSifh ajymonf/ ol hAdkufudk prf;junfhaomtcg wif;jyD; at;pufaeonf/
vufeSifh ykwfjunfhaomtcg wAHkAHk jrnfvmonf/

67
 *sDa[mol

z&JoD;udkyif pm;ydk;eifhatmif pm;aom axG;axG;vdk vlrsdK;onf wpfaomif;wGif wpfa,mufyif

&Sdrnf rxif/
]plpumykPÖm;ymm zsm;vdk haowm rymkwf1ml;aemf rdaxG;&J h}
r0gonf tcef;xJrS y&kyfqD1ml;udk tajy;tvTm; 0if,l&if; ajymonf/ a0a0eSifh armfarmfurl
axG;axG;\ Adkufudk wpfvSnfhpD omomav; ykwfjunfh&if; &,faejuonf/ &,fvnf;&,fp&m ? ol h
AdkufxJ wGif z&JoD;&nfrsm;eSifh wif;jznfhum wuGD;uGD; w*Gm;*Gm; jrnfaeonf/ ykwfvkdufvSsif AHkceJ
jrnfum wl&d,moHxGufvmonf/ tavmif;pnfolrif;juD;jum;vSsif wl&d,mtopf wnfxGifvdrfhOD;rnf
xifonf/ tavmif;pnfolrif;juD;\ rdzk&m;juD;onf axG;axG;vdk z&JoD;Adkufum;atmif pm;jyD; pm;ydk;
reifhzl;onfhtwGuf *DwavmuwGif epfemrSKjuD; jzpfoGm;&onf/
]plpum ykPÖm; zsm;vdk haowmrymkwf1ml;aemf? zsm;vdk haowm rymkwf1ml;}
axG;axG;\ AdkufwGif y&kyfqDvl;ay;&if; r0gonf wjzpfawmufawmuf ajymaeavonf/
axG;axG;url 1mmrS jyefrajymedkif? AdkufjuD;vSefum pef hpef hjuD; jzpfaeonf/ y&kyfqDekdifedkif vl;ojzifh
at;pufwif;azmif;aeaom Adkufonf twefi,foufomvmaom tcgrS ol h Adkufudk wpfvSnfhpD
ykwfaejuaom a0a0eSifh armfarmfudk ]'o*D&d} ]acgif;rqef h}wdk heSifh ay;pm;um toHoJhoJheSifh qJaeav
onf/
]aymmawmh axG;axG; 1mmjzpfaewmvJ}
]pm;ydk;eifhvdk h}
acgif;tHk;wpfvHk;ydkufum cifcsdKwdk h1muf avSsmufvmaom ndKaxG;onf AdkufjuD;vSefum y&kyfqD
tvdrf;cHae&aom axG;axG;ukd junfh&if; tvef hwjum; jzpfoGm;onf/
]'o*D&d&J h&nf;pm;u axG;axG;Adkufudk ykwfw,f? acgif;rqef h&J htqufu axG;axG; Adkufudk
ykwfw,f}
axG;axG;onf 1mdef;pm;oHeSifhqD;jyD; wdkifaeavonf/ olr&SLedkif ru,fedkif wtifhtifh jzpfaeonf
udk a1m;rS w0g;0g; &,faejuonfhtwGuf tawmfcHjyif;aeyHk&avonf/
]ymJh 'o*D&d&J h&nf;pm; axG;axG;udk 1mmvdk hp&wmvJ - ymGef; acgif;rqef h&J htqufaemf}
ndKaxG;onf axG;axG;\toHudk vdkufjyD; tajcmufwdkuf 0ifjudrf;avonf/ rrcifonf zsmwpf
csyfqGJum a&mufvmjyefojzifh cifcsdKwdk hvlpkonf tawmftiftm;awmifhvmavonf/ zsmeSpfcsyfudk
qufcif;um oHwdkifrsm;udk acgif;qdkufjyD; pDwef;tdyfju&onf/ tcef;xJwGif tdkufaomfvnf;tjyif1muf
wGif twefi,fcsrf;oa,mif jzpfvmatmifyif at;vmonf/
ndKaxG;onf vauG;auG;udk ai;junfh&if; ]o&ufyifatmuf0,f} oDcsif;udk wdk;wdk;av;
jiD;aeonf/ ndKaxG;\toHonf at;aq;jyD; EGJ havonf/ ymdk; ta0;juD;rS vGifharsmí vmovdk jidrfhjyD;
0Jaeonf/ ndKaxG;u trSwfrJhqdkaejcif;jzpfaomfvnf; cifcsdKwdk h tm;vHk;jidrfjyD; em;axmifaerdjuonf/
plpum vufopf axG;axG;onfvnf; rsufawmifpif;arS;um tdyfaysmfoGm;avonf/ndKaxG;\ aw;oHwGif
vGifharsmaejuaom cifcsdKwdk h\pdwftm&Hkudk atmufzufvrf;rS oDcsif;orm;rsm;u zsufypfvdkufonf/

68
 rpE´m

]rdef;rqdkwm a,musfm;rsm;&J h"mwfpmwpfrsdK;yg/

vlysdKjrif&if rsufapmif;xdk;vdk h? pdwfrSm wpfrsdK;yg?
juufr1m,favmufwGefwGef? rdk;rvif;yg1ml;Asm}
]aymmawmh vlyg;0vdkufwm}
r0gonf tdyfae&mrS vl;vJjyD; acgif;axmifjunfhonf/ taqmifa&S h1muf arSmif&dyfwGif
ausmif;om;av;a,mufudk awG h&onf/ arSmif&dyfuG,fwGif xkdif&if; rxdwxd paejujcif; jzpfonf/
rdef;uav;taqmifa&S hvmjyD; juufrwGefí rdk;rvif;ymk atmfqkdaejcif;onf rdef;ravmuudk apmfum;ae
jcif; jzpfonfymk cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk; ,lqrdjuonf/
]rdef;rqdk&if 'dk hrajumuf?
ajumufrdjyef&ifig;yg;juD;udk
arSmuf juufr1m,favmuf wGefwGef rdk;rvif;yg1ml;Asm}
taqmifatmufrS a0hwufvmjyefavonf/ ydawmufyif&dyfeSifh tHk;yif&dyfndKndKwGif cdkjyD; qdkaeju
jcif;ajumifh vlymefudkvnf; zrf;ír&acs/ ausmif;om;aygif; aomif;ajcmufaxmifwGif rnfol htoH
jzpfrnfenf;ymlívnf; cifcsdKwdk ha&;a&;rSs rawG;rdedkifjuacs/
]vlysdKjriff&if rsufapmif;xdk;vdk hpdwfrSmwpfrsdK;yg?
juufr 1m,favmufwGefwGef rdk;rvif;yg1ml;Asm
juufr1m,favmufwGefwGef rdk;rvif;yg1ml;Asm}
]atmuftD;tD; - juufz
-ymm; - rdk;rvif;ao;ygvm; - ymm; - ymm; - ymm;}
oDcsif;wpfacgifausmhí tjyD;wGif a0a0eSifh armfarmfonf oHjydKifatmfjuavonf/ juufatmfoH
]atmuftD;tD;tGwf} udk &GJ hjyD; ]atmuftD;tD; juufz} ymk atmfvdkufojzifh *Dworm;rsm;onf trf;oGm;
ymefeSifh jidrfjyD; wdwfoGm;juonf/ olwkd huarSmif&dyfcdkaeovdk cifcsdKwdk hvlpkuvnf; tarSmif&dyfwGif
uyfaejuojzifh wpfOD;eSifhwpfOD; vlvHk;roJuGJacs/ vlymefzrf;í r&acs/ armfarmfwdk hatmuftD;tD; tatmf
aumif;ojzifh 1mmqufqdk&rnf rod1mJ jidrfoGm;juaom olaumifhom;rsm;udkjunfhum cifcsdKwdk h tm;vHk;
0rf;om;tm;&eSifh usdwfjyD; &,frdjuonf/
]tdk; - rdef;rqdk&if 'dk hrajumuf
ajumufrdjyef&if ig;yg;juD;udkarSmuf
juufr1m,favmufwGefwGef - rdk;rvif;yg1ml;Asm
juufr1m,favmufwGefwGef- -}

69
 *sDa[mol

]ymm; atmuftD;tD;juufz? ymif - arSmifvdk hrnf;vdk h}

ausmif;om;rsm;u ravSsmh1mJ wpfywfausmhaomtcg a0a0wdk huvnf; uJí atmfjuavonf/
tv,fwGif jidrfí em;axmifaeaom ausmif;olrsm;\ &,foHonf 0Jwufvmonf/ a,musfm;av;rsm;
wlxkvSsif rdef;uav;rsm; vTwdkuf&aom pufrSKausmif;olrsm;jzpfonfhtwGuf rdef;uav;rsm;udk wpfqifh
eSdrfhjyD; eSdrfvSsif rnfonfh ausmif;olrS onf;cHekdifvdrfhrnf rxif/
rrcifurl a0a0wkd hudk ]odyfruJeJ h taqmifrSL; odoGm;r,f} ymkajym&if; xdef;avonf/
olvnf;rcHcsif jzpfaeojzifh ratmfeJ hymlíawmh rajymacs/ a0a0wdk h\ xdyfudkvnf; racgufacs/
*sDaymma&S hvmjyD; rdef;uav;rsm;udk rxdwxd eSdrfavolrsm;udk olvnf; cGifhvTwfekdifymef rwlacs/
]aiGpE´ma&mifjcnf ? xdefvif;awmhonf
1mHkjudk;jywfwJh - rdk;ewfr'D
o'¨guydkonf ? unmeSrudkyJ
tonf;pGJ cspfawmhrnf}
juufzrsm;onf jumjumatmfvSsif rdk;vif;oGm;rnfudk pdk;&drfaomajumifh xifonf/ twefjum&yf
oGm;jyD;rS oDcsif;ajymif;qkdum ppfajyjidrf;a&; urf;vSrf;vmavonf/ armfarmfonf yg;pyfudk tkyfum
usdwfí &,faeonf/ wpfzufu oDcsif;taumif;qdkawmhvnf; olwdk honf 1mmrS jyefratmfjuawmh1mJ
jidrfí em;axmifaejuavonf/
]'gajumifhrdk hvdk hudk&ifarmifu ajymwm? ndKaxG;wdk h*sDaymma&S hrSm tazmfryg1mJ wpfa,mufxJrsm;
ravSsmuf0Hhyg1ml;wJh? odyfjyD; ajcvSrf;rSm;w,fwJh}
]jo - udk&ifarmifu ajymw,fvm;}
]tif;av}
]rr,frudk ajymw,fvm;}
]tif;av}
]ajomf ajomf udk&ifarmifu rr,frudk ajymw,fvm;}
ndKaxG;onf odvsufeSifh rodymefaqmifjyD; tajumif&dkufum ar;aeaom a0a0hudk jyHK;jyHK;av;
junfhaeavonf/ va&mifazsmhazsmhwGif ndKaxG;\rsufeSmav;onf aysmhajymif;El;nHhaeonfudk cifcsKd
owdxm;rdonf/
]ndKaxG; udk&ifarmifeJ hpum;ajymawmh &ifrckef1ml;vm;}
cifcsdKu wkd;wdk;av; uyfar;aomtcg ndKaxG;onf cifcsdKudk awGawGa0a0av; pdkufjunfhaejyD;
&,favonf/ ta&;rpdkufymefeSifh avSmif&,fuav; &,fae&mrS rodrom oufjyif;av; &SdKufvkduf
onfudk cifcsdKu jrifjzpfatmif jrifvdkufrdao;onf/

70
 rpE´m

ndKaxG;\ rsufvHk;ndKndKuav;rsm;onfvnf; avSmif&dyforf;um &Tef;vJhaeonf/ odk haomf

&,f&Tif rae1mJ ndSdK;aeonfymk cifcsdKxifrdavonf/

***

71
 *sDa[mol

(19)
1mef'g&GufeDeDrsm;onf avta0S hwGif a0h0Jum ajuGvGihfoGm;juonf/ taqmif0u 1mef'gyif
eSpfyifonf oHk;av;eSpftwGif; jrifhrm;um xGm;wufvmonf/
]ysif;vdkufwm]
ndKaxG;onf avwGif0Jaeaom 1mef'g&GufeDeDudk ai;junfhae&if; jiD;avonf/ aEG&moD
ausmif;ydwf&ufrdk h*sDaymmwpfaqmifvHk; wdwfqdwfaeonf/ &Sdaom ausmif;ol tenf;i,fuvnf;
&uftm;rkd hXmejyefaejuonf/ 1mGJ h,lppfwrf;jyKpkae&aom aemufqHk;eSpfausmif;olrsm;om&Sdaom taqmif
onf jidrfjyD; wdwfaeonf/ cgwdkif;ysif;vSsif jrdK hxJ xGufjyD; vnfedkifaomfvnf; ,cktcgwGifum;
a&ajumufojzifh rxGuf&Jjuacs/ ajomf 1mmvdkvdkeSifh twmul;aom wef;cl;vodk hyif a&mufvmjyD rymkwf
ygvm;/
]eSpfopfeJ hojuFefusav?
tjypfjzpfr,fh twGif;&ef1m,awG
aoGajumif;eJ ha&avmif;um axGaxG
awmif;qkacGs}

ndKaxG;onf wdk;wdk;av; qdkaeonf/ tif;pdefvrf;r1mufrS a&upm;oHonf wpfcgwpf&H taqmif

1mufodk hvGifhysH hvmavonf/
cifcdsKwdk htaqmif1mufwGifrlojuFefusaeonfeSifhyifrwl/ajcmufaoG hwdwfqdwfaeonf/ rrcifeSifh
r0gwkd hwawGurl *sifrDwdk hvlodkufeSifhtwl um;rSmjyD; a&upm;xGufjuonf/ a&ajumufaom cifcsdKeSifh
ndKaxG;eSpfOD;om taqmifwGif ukwfjyD; usef&pfcJhjuavonf/ tv,fxyfrS 0if;0if;wdk hurl ojuFefxrif;
csufjyD; ig;ajcmufajumf&ef pDrHaejuavonf/
cifcsdKeSifhndKaxG;url ysif;ysif;&SdonfeSihf 1mef'gyif&dyfu cHkwef;av;wGif qif;xdkifaerdjuonf/
1mef'g&GufajuGrsm;udk wpf&GufjyD; wpf&Guf a&wGufaerdonf/ rmvumyifrS toD; oGm;&Smao;onf/
tuspfrsm;om &Sd\/ yGyGqdkvSsif wpfvHk;rSs rusefacs/
]aym; ydawmufyifjuD;a& yGifhawmh yGifhawmh jrefjref yGifhawmh}
taqmift0if0wGif vufcsif;,Sufum udkif;nGwfaeymef &Sdaom ydawmufyifeSpfyifwGif vnf;
tzl;rsm; pD&&Dzl;aejyD jzpfonf/ 'DeSpfrS pzl;aom tyifrdk hcifcsdKwdk htm;vHk; yGifhrnfh&ufudk warmharmheSifh

72
 rpE´m

arSsmfrdjuonf/ ndKaxG;onf ydawmuf&Gufrsm;udk ckefqGJum pdwfr&Snfovdk ajymaeonf/ ojuFefusjyD

jzpfaomfvnf; ydawmufzl;rsm;u yGifhrnfh t&dyfta,mif rjyao;acs/
]ndKaxG;a& vm vm tvum;ae tvum;yJ? 1mef'gaph vmxuGm}
1mef'gyif&if;wGif usJjyef haeaom 1mef'goD;eDeDrsm;udk junfh&if; i,fpOfu 1mef'gaph xkpm;ju
onfudk owd&rdonf/ 1mef'goD; taphudk avSum;tkwfcJay:wifjyD; tkwfcJeSifh ememxkaomtcg
uGJoGm;jyD; txJrS tqHjzLjzLav; xGufvmonf/ tm;vGefoGm;vSsif tqHyg ajuoGm;jyD; &Smr&atmif
jzpfoGm;wwfonf/ cyfqwfqwfav; xkjyD; taphtufaomtcg tomuav; qGJymvdkufygu tqHvdkuf
rusdK;raju &avonf/ pdrf;qwfqwfeSifh qdrfhaeaom 1mef'gqHudk cifcsdKi,fpOfu tvGefjudkufcJhonf/
xkd hajumifh 1mef'gaphjrifvSsif tkwfcJeSifh xkpm;csifaom i,fusihfuav;udk razsmufekdifatmif &Sdwwfonf/
]ymm cifcsdK&m xk&wmeJ hpm;&wmeJ hvJ rumrd1ml;}
]umrdygw,f xkomxk}
]'DurÇmavmujuD;rSm qefawG r&Sd1mJ 1mef'gaphom xkpm;ju&r,fqkd&if vlawG vufarmif;
juD;awGudk xef;vHk;avmuf wkwfvmjurSm}
]1mmjzpfvJ 1m,favmufusef;rma&;eJ hnDrvJ}
1mef'goD; oHk;av;oD;cef hxktjyD;wGifrl ndKaxG;onf qufrxkedkifawmhymefeSifh tkwfeDcJ udk ypfcs
vdkuf&if; jiD;avonf/ olxkorSs toD;rsm;onfvnf; tm;vGefukefojzifh tqHaumif;aumif; wpfckrSs
r&acs/ tusdK;eSifhtajursm; jzpfukefojzifh pm;í raumif;acs/
]ndKaxG; 1mmvkyfaewmvJ}
]aymmawmh udk&ifarmif}
ndKaxG;onf ikwfwkwfav;xkdif&if; 1mef'goD;tajuxJrS tqHjzLjzLav;rsm;udk a&G;ae&mrS tem;
a&mufvmaom udk&ifarmifhudk owdrxm;rdacs/ pum;oHxGuv f maomtcgrS tvef hwjum; armhjunfhjyD;
uref;uwef; x&yfvdkufavonf/ cifcsdKvnf; xkvufp 1mef'goD;rsm;udk wGef;z,fjyD; rwfwyf&yfvkduf
rdonf/ *sDaymmolrsm; 1mef'goD;xkpm;aeju onfymk &yfausmf&Gmausmf armif;wD;cH&rnfudk pdk;&drfaom
ajumifh jzpfygonf/
udk&ifarmifonf wpfcgrSs rdef;uav;aqmifodk htvnf rvmzl;acs/ ol haemufwGif wpfudk,fvHk;
&TJpdkaeaom ApfwmeSifh udkoef;a0udk awG h&onf/
]uGsefawmfwdk hawG q&mjuD;udk a&uefawmhjyD; jyefvmjuwm cifcsdKwdk hwawG wukef;ukef;eJ h
1mmvkyfaejuwmvJvdk h0ifjunfhwm? vufpowfawmh 1mef'goD;xkaejuwmudk;}
ukdoef;a0onf olwdk hvm&jcif; tajumif;&if;ukd &,fymymeSifh &Sif;jyavonf/ q&mrsm; aeaom
tdrfrsm;onf rdef;uav;taqmiftvGefwGif &Sdí toGm;tjyef taqmifa&S hu vrf;rS jzwfoGm;&pjrJ
jzpfonf/ ,ckvnf; c&D;oGm;ymefvTJ 1mef'goD;xkyHk qef;aeojzifh 0ifjyD; pyfpkjuymef wlonf/
]1mef'gqHu pm;vdk hodyfqdrfhwm}

73
 *sDa[mol

cifcsKdvnf; ajymrdajym&m ajymvdkufrdonf/ Apfwmonf &,fcsifvSaomfvnf; r&,frd&ef

eSKwfcrf;udk twif;aphjyD; yg;pyfydwfxm;onf/ rsufrSefxljuD;atmufrS eSmacgif;juD;onfum; yGpdyGpd
jzpfaeavonf/ wymm;ymm; &,fcsvdkufonfurS awmfao;onf/ ol hrsufeSmjznf;pyfpyfjuD;ajumifh
cifcsdKwdk hydkjyD; taecufonf/
]cifcsdKwdk ha&yufcH rxGuf1ml;vm;]
]ymifhtif;}
]wpfcgrS ojuFefa& rxdao;1ml;aygh}
]rxdao;1ml;}
]ymm 'Dvdkqkd 1m,fjzpfrvJ}
olwdk honf &,farmajym&if; vufaemufjyefzGufxm;aom a&zvm;rsm;eSifh oGef;avmif;csjuonf/
atmfzkd h&efyif tcsdefr&/ wpfukd,fvHk; at;ceJ jzpfum &TJpdkoGm;onf/ cifcdsKa&m ndKaxG;yg udk,fhymmudk,f
1mef'gaph xkpm;juonfudk a&S havm juD;jyD; &SufaoG;rTefaejuojzifh olwdk hwGif a&zvm; ygvmvdrfh
rnfudk owdrxm;rdekdif atmif jzpfoGm;juonf/ owdvpfoGm;onfymk qdk&ayrnf/ a&ajumufí
taqmifatmif;aeumrS &TJTqdkoGm;&ojzifh pdwfvnf;npf? &,fvnf; &,fcsifoGm;onf/
]ndKaxG; pdwfrqkd;aju;aemf}
udk&ifarmifonf a&pufrsm;wifum 0if;yaeaom ndKaxG;\rsufeSmav;udk awG;ai;ai; junfh&if;
awmif;yefovdk ajymonf/ ndKaxG;onf a&pufrsm;wifum nGwfusaeaom rsufawmifpif;&Snf&Snfudk
wpfcsufeSpfcsuf cwfjyD; eSKwfcrf;aphxmavonf/ &,fvnf; r&,f? jyHK;vnf; rjyHK;? pdwfqkd;ymefvnf;
rjy1mJ jidrfaeaom ndKaxG;\ ymefuav;onf wpfzufvludk raewwf rxdkifwwf jzpfvmatmif
pGrf;edkifymef &Sdonf/
]aym; ndKaxG;u pdwfqdk;vdk hvm;}
Apfwmu ar;aomtcg ndKaxG;onf eSKwfcrf;nGwf&Hkav; jyHK;jyD; at;at;aq;aq; acgif;cgjy
avonf/ ndKaxG;\ at;pufpuftrlt,mav;udk junfh&if; ol hrsufvHk; ndKndKrsm;udkyg owdxm;
tuJcwfrdonf/ El;nHh&Tef;pdkaeaom rsufvHk;av;rsm;onf ndKaxG;pdwfrqkd;ajumif; wdwfwcdk; ajymjyae
juonfudk cifcsdKjrifvdkuf&onf/
]aym; 0dkif;ju 0kdif;ju? *sDaymmtxd e,fusL;vmwJh usL;ausmfolawGudk 0dkif;ju zrf;ju}
a0a0eSifh armfarmfwdk h\toHonf pDceJ xGufvmonf/ ysif;ysif;eSifh tdyfaysmfoGm;jujyD; tdyf&mrS
wpfa&;edk;wGif taqmifa&S h&Sd olaumif;om;oHk;OD;udk jrifojzifh nmoHay; xvmjujcif; jzpfymef wlonf/
olwkd htoHjum;rS taqmifa&S huJjunfhrdjuaom ausmif;olrsm;onfvnf; ojuFefwGif; usL;ausmfo
lrsm;udk xdktcgrSyif owdxm;rdjuymef wlavonf/
]aymmAsm}
]tJ'grS 'kau©m}

74
 rpE´m

Apfwm\ rsufrSefxlxljuD; atmufrS rsufvHk;rsm;onf ykpGefrsufvHk;uJhodk hjyL;xGufvmonf/

udk&ifarmifeSifh udkoef;a0wdk honfum; yg;pyftaymmif;om;eSifh ausmuf&kyfjuD;rsm;vdk awmifhawmifhjuD;
&yfaejuavonf/
]armifajumif1mDvl;a&}
]ymm - 'Daomuf&l;? rif;t1mZifatmuf 0w¬Ka&;aewm rymkwf1ml;uG ajy; ajy;}
avSum;rS w0kef;0kef; ajy;qif;vmaom toHrsm;udk jum;&aomtcg qwfceJ wkefoGm;juonf/
OD;pGm owd0ifvmolrSm udkoef;a0 jzpfonf/ AvHk;AaxG;atmf&if; w&Sdefxkd;ajy;avawmhonf/ udk&ifarmif
uvnf; racyg/ jcHayguf0txd aemufqkwf aemufqkwfeSifh qkwfcGmjyD; eSKwfqufpum;av;yif rqdkedkif/
csmceJ vSnfhum okwfajcwifavawmhonf/ aemufqHk;usef&pfolum; Apfwm jzpfonf/ a&eSifh pdkuyfae
aom ykqdk;u wkwfqGJaeojzifh wkwfqwfqwfeSifh pdefatmifrif; uovdk qwfawmuf qwfawmuf
ajy;aeonf/
]aym; vdkufym zrf;ym? tkd;rnf;okwf&atmif? a0; aym;aym;}
a0a0wkd honf avSum;&if;wGif at;at;aq;aq;xdkif&if; atmfaejcif; jzpfonf/ olwdk h aemufudk
vdkuf&efum; pdwfyif rul;acs/ pifppfum; udk&ifarmifwdk htajumufvGefjcif; jzpf\/ rnfonfh
ausmif;olonf olwdk hudk twif;csKyfudkif zrf;qD;0Hhygrnfenf;/
]a0; aym; aym; tdk;rnf; tdk;rnf; &jyDvm;}
armfarmfonf Adkufudk &Syf&if; vdrfhaeatmif &,f&mrS xatmfaeao;onf/ ykqdk;juD;awG zwfvwf
zwfvwfeSifh okwfajcwifajy;aeaom udk&ifarmifwdk honf aemuf1mufodk hvSnfh rjunfhjuacs/ ausmif;ol
wyfjuD; tkyfvkdufcsDjyD; tdk;rnf;okwf&ef ajy;vkdufvmjuonf txifeSifh toufvkjyD; ausmaumhajy;
aejuonf/ olwdk hudk aemuf1mufrS at;at;aq;aq; xdkifjunfhjyD; tlwufatmif &,faejuonfudkum;
rodju&Smao;acs/
Apfwm\vufrS a&zvm;juD;vGwfusjyD; vrf;ray:wGif w*Grf;*Grf; vdrfhoGm;onf/ Apfwmonf
a&zvm;udk rufonfxuf aqGwpfyg;wdk h\ tkd;rnf;udk ajumuf&Smojzifh iJhapmif;íyif rjunfhacs/
pm;aomufqdkifwef;a&mufcgrS aemuf1mufodk hvSnfhjunfh0Hhjuonf/ olwdk haemufu toHomyg
vmonfudk odaomtcgrS udk&ifarmifwdk honf rwifat;qdkifwGif 0ifjyD; ajcypfvufypf xkdifaejuonf/
pm;aomufqdkifwGif vlyg;&Sm;vSaom tcsdefrdk h twefi,f t&Sufoufom&m &juavonf/
t&Sifocifu rsufeSmvTJoGm;aom a&zvm;jzLjzLav;onf uwå&mvrf;a1m;u jrufawmxJwGif rsufeSm
i,fi,feSifh vJavsmif;ae&Smonf/ a0a0u zvm;udk aumuf,lxm;avonf/ a0a0onf a&zvm;yhhHoul
aumufaepOf udk&ifarmifwdk hu pm;aomufqkdifrS junfhaejuonf/ pdwfarmvlarmjzpfoGm;í aymmymJ
ymdkufae&mrS ]a0a0eSifh armfarmfqdkygu urÇmajuaomfvnf; O'gef;raus] ymk toH,Jh,JheSifh
judrf;juavonf/

***

75
 *sDa[mol

(20)

]ymmym rr,frav;a&? rif;&J hudk&ifarmifjuD;u a0a0hudk urÇmajuaomfvnf; O'gef;raus wJhav?

tr,frif;jidK;rmefzufvdk h&ufpufavw,f? a&r&SdwJh acsmif; eSmacgif;azmfjyD; a&ul;oifOD;r,f}
qHyif&Sif;aeaom ndKaxG;udk tdyf,may:wGif tm;vsm;arSmufí junfhae&if; yg;pyfrS tjidrfrae1mJ
awG hu&m ajymaeaom a0a0hudk awG h&onf/ wpfzufukwifay:wGifum; armfarmfonf yvwfpwpf
puf&kyfpk1ml;juD;udk udkifum Zmuemwpfacsmif;eSifh tvkyfrsm;aeonf/ cifcsdK hvufxJrS oHjudk;acGeSifh
&m1mmprsm;udk awG haomf rsufeSmav;rsm; &SHK hoGm;juonf/ olwkd hudk opfyifi,fav;rsm; vkyfay;&ef
acGs;wyfqGJawmhrnfudk aA'ifrar;1mJ odaejuaomajumifh jzpfonf/
]a0a0uvJ vGefwmudk;? oem;ygw,f}
ndKaxG;onf &,fp&mvdkvdkeSifh cyfjyHK;jyHK;ajymonf/ a0a0onf rsufvHk;av;rsm; jyL;oGm;jyD;
ndKaxG;udk qwfceJ armhjunfhavonf/
]oem;w,f ymkwfvm;? tHr,f ndKaxG;u udk&ifarmifhudk xdvdk hemw,faygh}
]ymkwfyg1ml; a0a0&,f? 1m,foljzpfjzpf rdef;uav;taqmifuaejyD; aoajy; &Sifajy; xGufajy;&&if
&SufrSmaygh? ndKaxG;u yk*¾dKvfpGJt& ajymaewm rymkwfyg1ml;? vlwpfa,muf taeeJ hyJ junfhjyD; ajymwmyg}
1ml;xJrS ig;rl;aph rwfaphrsm;udk Zmuemwpfacsmif;eSifh qGJxkwfaeaom armfarmfonf cifcsdKwdk h
1mufodk hapmif;iJhíyifrjunfhacs/ vqef;&ufqdkvSsif armfarmfonfol hpk1mll;xJodk hydkufqH tajuGrsm;jynfh
wufvmatmif xnfhavh&Sdonf/ wpf0ufcef hom jynfhrnf juHcg&Sdao;onf/ vqef;rS vv,fodk hul;
vmaomtcg pk1ml;av;udk pm;yGJaemuf1mufodk hwGef;ydk hxm;vdkufonf/ tajuGrsm;rsm; rxnfhedkif&Sm awmh
ay/ vv,frS vukef&ufodk h eD;uyfvmaomtcgwGifum; Zmuemwpfacsmif;eSifh jyefjyD; qGJxkwfav
awmhonf/ vpOfvwkdif; ZmuemeSifh qGJcsJ hjcif; cH&aom pk1ml; taygufav;onf us,faejyDyif jzpfonf/
uav;rsufeSmav;udk jyHK;jyHK;av; jzpfaeaom 0ufrsufeSmav;onf vukef&ufqdkvSsif ol hAdkufxJrS aiGrsm;
qGJxkwfawmhrnfudk judkwifodymefeSifh rJhwJhwJhav; jzpfaewwfonfymk a0a0u ajymonf/ 0uf&kyf
uav;\ Adkufonf eSJorm;yg;pyfvdkyif ydefvdkuf azmif;vdkufjzpfae&Smavonf/
]aymm &jyD &jyD}
armfarmfonf Zmuemzsm;wGif nSyfygvmaom aiG'*Fg;usyfaphjuD;udk owdjuD;pGmeSifh qGJxkwf&if;
0rf;omtm;& atmfavonf/

76
 rpE´m

]a0a0a& - vmaymh? acgufqGJajumf wpfxkyfzkd;awmh jynfhjyD? OD;av;juD;udk oGm;rSm&atmif}

xkwfxm;jyD;aom ig;rl;aph? rwfaphrsm;eSifh aygif;um wcGsifcGsif aiGoHay;&if; eSpfOD;om; tajy;
xGufoGm;juonf/ tcef;xJwGif olwdk hr&SdjuaomtcgrS ndKaxG;onf oufjyif;av; wpfcsufcsvdkufjyD;
cifcsdK hudk vSnfhjunfhonf/ wpfpHkwckudk ajym&aumif;edk;? rajym&aumif;ekd;eSifh csDwHkcswHk jzpfaeovdk
idkifawGawGav; jzpfaeavonf/
]ndKaxG;junfh&wm wpfckck ajymcsifaeovdkyJ}
]ymkwfw,f}
ndKaxG;onf acgif;udk cyfav;av; ndwfjyonf/ OD;a&jym;xdatmif tkef;qDedkifekdifvl;avh &Sdaom
ndKaxG;\ qHyifrsm;onf eufarSmifaysmhajymif;vSonf/ qHyifudk vufeSpfzufeSifh zGí &Sif;ae&if;
ndKaxG;u wdk;wkd;av; ajymavonf/
]ol hqDu pmvmw,f}
]1m,fol hqDuvJ}
]udk&ifarmifhqDuav]
]ymif 1mmwJhvJ}
awGai;ai; jzpfaeaom ndKaxG;udk ai;junfh&if; cifcsKdu acsmufuyfuyftoHeSifh ar;rdonf/
cspfcGifhyefaom pmjzpfvdrfhrnfudkum; ar;p&mrvdk? pdwfxJwGif tvdkvdk odaeonf/
]cifcsdK&,f ndKaxG; 1mmvkyf&r,f rod1ml;}
]olwdk hudk 1mmvdk hrajymwmvJ}
]tdk; ndKaxG; 1mmvkyf&r,f rod1ml;}
ndKaxG;onf pm;yGJwifrSefav;xJwGif xifymyfaeaom ol ht&dyfudkol cyfawGawGav; junfh&if;
avoHav;eSifh ajymaeonf/ xifvnf; xifcJhonf/ xifonfhtwdkif;vnf; jzpfvmonf/ jzpfvm
jyefawmhvnf; &ifarm&onfrSm trSefyif/
]nKdaxG;udk owdxm;rdwm jumvSygjyDwJh? ndKaxG;pum;eJ hndKaxG;udk jyefajym&r,f qdk&if ndKaxG;
ymm vSvJvS? arT;vJarT;wJh yef;av;wpfyGifhygwJh - cifcsdK&,f? ol hudk tdrfaxmifzuftjzpf pOf;pm;zdk h
ajymwmygyJav? yxrqHk;pmxJrSm vufxyfzdk hcGifhawmif;vdk hpdwfrqdk;ygeJ hwJh? ndKaxG;udk ol &dk;ajrus
atmif jrwfedk; edkifw,fqdkwm odapcsifw,fygw,fwJh}
ndKaxG;onf tdyfrufxJwGif pum;ajymaeolvdk cyfav;av; ajymaeonf/ cifcsdKonf 1mmajym
&rnfrodonfhtwGuf tdyf&mcif;jzLjzLav;udk tai;om; junfhaerdavonf/
]ndKaxG; pdwfxJrSm 1m,fvkdaevJ}
]wpfrdsK;yJ}

77
 *sDa[mol

]ol hudk oem;aevm;}

]ymkwfw,f? ndKaxG;u ol hudk 'ku©a&mufatmif oufoufvkyfovdk jzpfaew,faemf? ndKaxG;
pdwfraumif;1ml;}
]e*dkxJu od&ufeJ hvkyfcJhwm1mJ}
]tJ'Dwkef;u pdwfu wpfrsdK;}
ndKaxG;onf rsufvTmudk zswfceJ csvdkufonf/ acgif;udk atmufpdkuf&if; 1mD;0g0gudk t"dyÜm,fr&Sd
jcpfaeonf/ cspfjrm;&Sif ndKaxG;onf olcsdefypfvdkufaom jrm;onf wpfzufom;\ tonf;eSvHk;udk
cdkuf&Hkru xkwfcsif;cwfygoGm;ajumif; od&aomtcg &,farmedkifpGrf; &dSawmhymef rwlacs/
]ol hqDu pmvmwm oHk;apmif &SdjyD}
]jumjyDvm;}
]yxr tapmifu ojuFefruscifuav;uyJ}
]ndKaxG;u vSdsKvdkufwm}
]cifcsdK&,f ndKaxG; 1mmvkyf&r,f rod1ml;? 'gajumifh taqmifatmif;aewmaygh? cifcsdK owdrxm;
rdvdk hyg}
olajymrSyif pOf;pm;rdawmhonf/ ndKaxG; tjyifodyfrxGuf1mJ taqmif uyfaeonfum; trSefyif/
cifcsdKonf ndKaxG;rsufeSmudk aphaphjunfhum jyóem\ tajzudk &Smrdonf/ &Smí rawG hekdifatmif&Sdawm h
onf/ jyóemonf rnfuJhodk htqHk;owfrnfenf; ymk cifcsdK rpOf;pm;edkifawmhacs/
]aymh cifcsdKa& cifcsdK? ydawmufawG yGifhaejyD}
r0geSifh rdonf tcef;xJodk hajy;0ifvmju&if; toHtkyfí ajymjuonf/ cifcsdKonfvnf; 0rf;om
tm;& ae&mrSckefí xrdavonf/
]ym,f trsm;juD;&,f}
0if;0gaeaom va&mif&dyf0,f iHktmvmaom ydawmufyGifhav;rsm;udk taqmifay:rS qD;jyD; a&;a&;
&dyf&dyf awG h&onf/ ndKrnf;aom ydawmuf&Gufrsm;jum;0,f 0gekek ydawmufzl;iHkav;rsm;onf avwkduf
&m1mufodk h,drf;nGwfaejuonf/
]ratmfeJ hodyfratmfeJ h? olrsm;awG odukefr,f? OD;aomif;nGef hudk wdwfwdwfuav; cl;cdkif;
ju&atmif? a&pdrfxm;&if reufusawmh yGifhrSmaygh}
rdonf cifcsdK hyg;pyfvSrf;ydwf&if; ajymonf/ wpfaqmifvHk;t&dyfwjunfhjunhfeSifh apmifhjunfh
aeaom ydawmufyifjzpfí olrsm;xufOD;atmif cl;csifjuaom wpfudk,faumif; pdwfuav;rsm;eSifhrdk h
atmufxyfodk hwdk;wdk;wdwfwdwf qif;vmjuonf/ nq,fem&Dcef h &SdjyDjzpfí taqmifaeausmif;olrsm;
wpfcsdK hwpf0uf tdyfaejujyD jzpfonf/ taqmifapmifhOD;av;juD;uyg uif;wJav;xJwGif tdyfidkufaejyD
jzpfí wdk;wdk;av; toHtkyfí eSdK;ju&onf/ njuD;rif;juD; opfyifwpfyif wufcdkif;&onfuawmh

78
 rpE´m

odyfraumif;vSacs/ okd haomf OD;av;juD;onf rjiD;rjiL wufcl;ay;&Smonf/ cifcsdKwdk h wawG

ydawmufcufrsm; redkifreif; ydkufjyD; ajcazmhí tajy;tvTm;jyefvmjuonf/ wpf0ufcef hom yGifhaeao;
aom ydawmufyGifhav;rsm;onf iHktmtm jzpfaeju\/
]rr,fra& yef;,lOD;rvm;}
ndKaxG;onf ydawmufzl;wpf0uf tyGifhrsm;udk junfh&if; acgif;cgjyavonf/
]yef;qdkwm tyifay:rSm iGm;iGm;pGifhpGifh yGifh&rS aumif;wm? ckvdkqdk 1m,fvSrvJ}
]tdk a&pdrfxm;vJ yGifhrSmyJ}
]o1mm0 tyGifheJ hawmh rwledkif1ml;}
]ajymyg ajymyg? o1mm0q&mrjuD;&,f? q&mrjuD;&J harwåmyef;wpfiHkymmvJ o1mm0usus
yGifhvmOD;rSmayhgaem}
r0gonf yvwfpwpf a&ZvHkwGif a&tjynfhxnfhjyD; yef;cdkifrsm;udk xdk;pdkufae&if; cyfaxhaxh
ajymonf/
]rr,fr\ a&TarwåmoHwHcg;onf udk&ifarmif zGifhí yGifhavownf;? arwåmodkufxJ&Sd ork',
yef;rmvmonf &eH hoif;ysH hpGmeSifh yGifhaomtcg? tdk w&m;oljuD;&J h? tavmif;tpm;udk 1m,fvdk qHk;jzwf
ay;rSmvJ}
rdonf ydawmuf&Gufrsm;udk oifh&HkacGsae&if;rS tljrL;pGm ajymonf/ yef;awG wyHkwyif olrsm;xuf
OD;atmif &xm;aomajumifh tl&Tifum cyfaomaom ajymaejcif; jzpf\/
]tm; pl0ufav plvdk heda,muf nm;ju&if tDavmif;tDpm; emwdk hekdifwmaygh? 0avvkudk cspfv,f?
vkav 0udkcspfv,f? y,fplrS tDwJruGJ1ml;v,f}
a0a0onf axmifuJtoHeSifh0ifajymonf/ ymefeSifhyefeSifhudk&ifarmif vrf;avSsmufovdk vufeSpfzuf
udk vTJcgum cyfav;av; avSsmufjy&if; ajymaeaom a0a0hudk junfhum cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk; 0g;ceJ &,frd
juonf/ ndKaxG;url cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk;udk odrf;juHK;jyD; pl;pl;pdkufpdkufav; junfhaeonf/
]ymm ym? ndKaxG;vcav;awmh jyKwf&acsao;&J h? *sDaymmolav;awmhygoGm;acsao;&J h? udk&ifarmif
uawmh rdwdk hudk aus;Zl;wifrSmaemf ymm; aus;Zl;&SifawG? tymrf; aus;Zl;&SifawG}
xl;xl;jcm;jcm; tavmif;tpm;vkyfolrsm;eSifhw&m;oljuD;cifcsdKomtcef;xJwGif pkrdaejuí pum;udk
csifhcsdefrae1mJ ajymcsif&m ajymaejuonf/ &,farmaemufajymifaejuaom r0gwdk hwawGudk junfhum
ndKaxG;\ rsufeSmuav;onf rJhoa,mifa,mif jzpfvmonf/ idkrJhrJhrsufeSmav;wGif rme&dyf rmea&mif
rsm;vnf; xifymyfvmonf/
]we*FaEGae hus&if udk&ifarmifu taqmifudk vmcJhyg&apwJh? olvmvdrfhr,f? *sDaymmol ygoGm;
roGm; apmifhjunfhaygh ymkwfvm;? ndKaxG; &SHK;r&SHL; apmifhjunfhjuaygh}

79
 *sDa[mol

ndKaxG;onf ydawmufyGifhav;rsm;udk ai;junfhaejyD;rS jywfjywfom;om;av; ajymvdkufonf/

&,farmaemufajymifaeoltm;vHk; acwårSs wdwfqdwfoGm;juonf/ acgif;uav; armhum rxDw&Dav;
jyHK;aeaom ndKaxG;udk wtHhwjo junfhaerdjuavonf/ cifcsdKuawmh oufjyif;udk av;yifpGm csrdonf/
rdonf yef;rsm;udk ypfcsvkdufjyD; ]ym,f ndKaxG;&,f? rdudk pdwfqdk;ovm;? aysmfvdk hpwmyg} ymk 1mkrod
1mrod ajymaeonf/ a0a0url ndKaxG;udk txdwfwvef hjunfhae&Smonf/ aysmhra,mifeSifh rmaeaom
ndKaxG;\ rsufeSmav;wGif t"dyÜm,f&atmif &Smaeymef &Sdonf/
]1m,fvdkvJ 1m,fvdkvJ tajctaeu 1m,fvdkvJ}
cifcsdKwdk hudk,fhtcef;udk,f jyefvmjuaomtcg r0gwkd hu ar;aeonf/ cifcsdK 1mmjyefajym&rnfudk
rodacs/ udk,fwdkifvnf; tajctaeonf rnfuJhodk h&Sdonfudk rodaomajumifh jzpfonf/ wpfckawmholwdk h
xufydkonfymk ajymedkifonf/ udk&ifarmifhqDrS pmrsm; ndKaxG;qDa&mufaejcif;udkawmh r0gwkd hrodao;acs/
xkdae hnwGif nOfheufrS tdyfjzpfjuavonf/ wpf0ufwpfysufom jrif&aom aumif;uifjyifeSifh v0g0gudk
tajumif;rJhxdkifjunfhaeaomajumifh jzpfavonf/
aemufwpfae hreufwGif tdyf,mxaemufusjuonf/ *sDaymma&S hu ydawmufyifvnf; wpfyifvHk;
0gatmif yGifhavonf/ cifcsdKwdk hawG avm1mjuD;jyD; cl;xm;aom ydawmufcwfrsm;onf yGifhtmrvm1mJ
nwkef;utwdkif; jyLwpfwpf 1m0wGifom &yfwef h aeavonf/ r0gonf zl;wpf0uf? iHkwpf0uf
ydawmufyGifhrsm;udk eSajrmwopGm junfhae&if; ]ymm yGifhprf; yGifhprf;? 1mmvdk hjyLwpfwpfjuD; vkyfae&wmvJ
xGuf xGuf xGufprf; yGifhprf;} ymk usdwfredkif cJr& ajymaeonf/

***

80
 rpE´m

(21)
]cifcsdKa& xGufprf; xGufprf; xGufjunfhprf; udk&ifarmif vmaejyD}
r0gonf cifcsdK hudk toHtkyftkyfeSifh vSrf;ac:onf/ udk&ifarmifymlaom toHudk jum;&aomtcg
cifcsdK h&ifxJwGif xdwfceJ jzpfoGm;onf/ usm;eSifhqif v,fjyifrSm awG hju awmhrnfymkawmh rajymvdkyg/
ndKaxG;onf usm;rymkwfovdk udk&ifarmifonfvnf; qifrymkwfygacs/ El;nHhaom eSvHk;om;udk
ydkifqkdifjuonfh vlom;pifppfrsm;om jzpfjuygonf/ eSvHk;om;ekekrsm; ryGef;r&SapcsifaompdwfeSifh cifcsdK h
&ifxJwGif cJqGJxm;ovdk av;av;vHvHjuD; jzpfaeonf/ ndKaxG;onf udk&ifarmifudk *sDaymma1m;u
{nfhcef;aqmifwGif qif;íawG havonf/ {nfhcef;aqmifqkdíum; txifrjuD;apvdkyg/ trdk;om&Sdí tum
r&Sdaom taqmuftOD;jzpfygonf/ aiGrwwfedkifao;í tumrumedkif ao;ymk qdkygonf/ trdk;onf
av;1mufapmif;tv,fwGif pkcGsefaom Z&yfvdkyHkjzpfí *sDaymmZ&yfymk tac:rsm;juavonf/ pum;ajym
aejuaom ndKaxG;wdk hudk jrifekdifonfjzpfí rodrom tuJcwfvdkjuaomfvnf; cifcsdKwdk honf r0Hhr&J
jzpfaejuonf/ tcef;a&S hwGifom pkxdkifí xdkif&if; 1mk&m;waerdjuavonf/
]ndKaxG;udk junfh&wm udk&ifarmifhudk oem;ovdkyJ? oHa,mZOfvJ jzpfvmyHk&ygw,f}
]'gayr,fh oluawmh rjudkuf1ml;vdk hajymrSmyJ}
]r0gonf rsufarSmifcsD&if; a1mmvHk;uGif;xJrS jrufyifajcmufajcmufrsm;udk ai;junfhaeonf/
ndKrnf;ajcmufaoG haeaom jrufyifrsm;jum;0,f xdu&kef;yGifh yef;a&mifav;rsm;udk uGufjum; awG h&onf/
]ol hjunfh&wm ndKaxG;udkwu,fcspfyHk&ygw,f? r0gt&ifuol hudk odyfrkef;wm? tckawmh wu,f
pdwfraumif;1ml;}
]jyóemqdkwm puwnf;u pOf;pm;juzkd haumif;w,f}
rdurl w&m;&oHav;eSifh nnf;&Smonf/ cifcsKd 1mmrSrajymrd? 1mmrSvnf; rajymcsif? Wwfedkif
vSsifawmh tavmif;tpm; pjzpfcJhjuaom ae hudk jyefjyD; a&mufcsifonf/ xkdae hxdktcsdefudkom jyefa&mufcJh
vSsif xdkuJhodk htavmif;tpm;rsdK;jzpfrvmatmif judkwifjyD; wm;qD;edkifvdrfhrnfymk arSsmfvifhrdaomajumifh
jzpfygonf/
]udk&ifarmifudk awG hawmh wif;xm;wJh nKdaxG;&J hpdwfawGymm u&kPmzHk;jyD; acgif;ndwfvufcHcsif
vufcHvdkufrSmyg? junfhaeudk&ifarmifjuD; jyHK;jyD; jyefoGm;rSm}
a0a0onf oljzpfapcsifovdk pdwful;,OfjyD; wrf;wrf;ww ajymaeonf/ a0a0eSifh armfarmfwdk h\
&,fusJusJ rsufeSmav;rsm;yif xl;xl;jcm;jcm; wnfjidrfaeonf/ pdwfraumif;jzpfovdk nSdK;aejuonf/
ylajcmufajcmuf avrsm;onf a0hum0JumeSifh wdkufcwfaeonf/ cifcsdK h&ifxJwGif wif;usyfjyD; touf&SL

81
 *sDa[mol

r0ovdk jzpfaeavonf/ cifcsdKom wefcdk;&SifjzpfvSsif ndKaxG;&ifxJrS rmersm;udk xkwf,ljyD; a&arSsmypf

vdkufawmhrnf/ ndKaxG;\rmersm; a&wGif arsmoGm;vSsif aysmf&TifzG,f&m Zmwfodrf;av;udk awG hjuHkekdif
vdrfhrnf xifonf/
]aymm udk&ifarmif xGufvmjyD? r0gwdk hawG tcef;xJ 0ifae&atmif? awmfjum &SufaeOD;r,f}
r0gu pmempdwfuav;eSifh ajymí cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk; tcef;xJ 0ifcJhjuonf/ tcef;xJrS aejyD;
taqmifa&S hwGif avSsmufoGm;aom udk&ifarmifudk uJjyD; junfrdjuonf/
udk&ifarmifonf t&dyfryg usJusJylaom vrf;uav;wGif wpfOD;wnf; ajz;nif;pGm avSsmufoGm;
onf/ ol hymeftwdkif;yif acgif;udk atmufpdkufjyD; wpfvSrf;csif; jznf;av;pGm avSsmufoGm;avonf/
udk&ifarmif\ aemufausmydkif;udk ai;junfh&if; cifcsKdwdk h touf&SL&efyif arhaejuonf/
]aymm ndKaxG;}
ndKaxG;onf tcef;wGif;odk hcyf,dkif,dkifav; 0ifvmavonf/ jidrfoufpGm xdkifaejuaomcifcsdKwdk h
tm; ai;ai;av;junfhaejyD;rS a&wpfcGuf jynfhjynfhcyfum w&Sdefxdk; armhaomufvdkufavonf/
]jyefoGm;jyDvm;]
cifcsdKu odvsufeSifh wdwfqdwfrSKudk onf;rcHedkifaomajumifh ar;rdar;&m ar;rdonf/ ndKaxG;onf
acgif;uav; wpfcsuf qwfum ajcmufaoG haoG h&,fvdkufavonf/
]jyóemuawmh jyD;oGm;jyDav? Zmwfodrf;cef; a&mufoGm;jyD] ymk &,farm&if; ajymonf/
]Zmwfodrf;aomf irdkufom; udk&ifarmif tonf;uGJavownf;ayhg ymkwfvm;}
]'gaygh}
ndKaxG;onf ol hvufxJrS py,fyef;av;rsm;udk pm;yGJay:odk hayghqqeSifh ypfwifvdkufonf/
py,fyef;rS arT;ysH haom &eH honf oif;oif;av; a0hysH haeonf/ ndKaxG;udk udk&ifarmif ay;oGm;jcif;
jzpfymefwlonf/ arwåmyef;&Sifu acgif;idkufpdkufeSifhjyefoGm;avjyDrdk hpy,fwdk haw;qdkwwfvSsif tvGrf;aw;
av;rsm; oDqdkjuvdrfhrnf xifonf/ a0a0onf pm;yGJay:rS py,fyGifhjzLjzLav;rsm;udk vufeSpfzuf
pHkaxmuf&if; ai;junfhaeonf/
]ndKaxG;edkifjyDaygh}
]ndKaxG; wpfoufvHk; 1m,fawmhrS r&SHK;cJhyg1ml;}
rdu oHjywfeSifh ajymaomtcg ndKaxG;uvnf; rmeoHav;eSifh jyefajymavonf/ rmea&mifeSifh
0if;vJhaeaom ndKaxG;\ rsufvHk;ndKwGif rsuf&nfjunfrsm; pdrfhjyD; a0hvmonfudk awG h&aomtcg cifcsdK
onf tdyf&may:odk hajcypfvufypf vSJcsvdkufrdonf/ rnfol hudkrSs rjunfhcsifonfhtwGuf rsufeSmusuf
jzLjzLudkom armhjyD; ai;pdkufjunfhaerdonf/
]ndKaxG; arT;wJhrD; ol hudk avmifaew,fwJh}

82
 rpE´m

ndKaxG;onf rsufawmifwjzwfjzwf cwf&if; ajcmufuyfuyf&,foHav;eSifh ajymonf/ pm;yGJay:&Sd

py,fyef;jzLjzLav;rsm;udk twefjumai;junfhaejyD;rS tcef;tjyif vSnfhxGufoGm;avonf/ ol hrsufvHk;
tdrfrS vSsHusvmaom rsuf&nfjunfrsm;udk cifcsdKwdk h rjrifapvdkonfhtwGuf a&SmifxGufoGm;rSef; tm;vHk;
em;vnfvdkufjuonf/
]jyóempolu r0g? ajrSmufay;olu a0 - armf - rd? juHazmf juHzuftm;vHk;teufwGif irdkufom;
&ifarmifav? eifcsnfhyif aoayawmhymk av;ypfcJholum; rndKaxG;}
armfarmfwkd hwawG aemufajymifa&&GufcJhaom pmydk'fuav;udk owdw&&SdjyD; cifcsdK pdwfarmaerd
onf/
touf&SLíyif r0atmifyif armymdkufymdkufjzpfaeonf/ rdef;rvSav;rme onf1m0wGif onfrSseSifh
ajuapawmhymk qkawmif;&atmifuvnf; t&SdefjuD;aom rD;onf wnD;nD; awmufavmifaejyD jzpfyg
onf/
]uJuG,f aemufqHk;usawmh igwdk h&SHK;juavownf;aygh ymkwfvm;}
]ukd&ifarmifvJ &SHK;wmyJ}
]ndKaxG;wpfa,mufyJ edkifwmayghav}
]tdk oluvJ &SHK;wmyJ}
]1mmjzpfvdk h}
]rD;arT;wJhvlymm rD;eJ hydkjyD;awmhawmif ylOD;r,f rymkwfvm;? ndKaxG;vJ rD;avmifcH&wmyJ? ol hrD;urS
&ifxJrSmavmifwJh rD;}
awG;awG;qqajymaeaom rd\rsufeSmav;onf nSdK;aeonf/ cifcsdKurl ol hpum;av;udk
tawmfjudkufoGm;rdonf/ ]rD;arT;wJhvlymm rD;eJ hydkeD;vdk hydkjyD;awmif ylOD;r,f} wJhav/ pifppftm;jzifh
awmufavmifvmaom rD;yHka1m;&Sd cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk;vnf; rD;ymyfcHcJh&onf xifygonf/ &ifxJwGifyljyD;
armjuyfaejuonfum; trSefyif/

***

83
 *sDa[mol

(22)
vufzufpm;jyD; opömjyKcJhjuaomajumifh r0gu pcJhaom jyóem tavmif;tpm;onf wdwfwdwf
uav;eSifh jyD;qHk;oGm;cJhavonf/ vufzufopömpl;rnfudkum; tm;vHk; ajumufjuavonf/ xdk hajumifh
vnf; vHk;0raygufrjum; ydyd&d&d &SdcJhjcif; jzpfymefwlonf/
ndKaxG;onfum; wpfOD;wnf; taersm;avonf/ wpfcgwpf&H cifcsdKwdk heSifhtwl &,farmaysmf&Tif
aeymef &Sdaomfvnf; ol hrsufvHk;ndKav;rsm;onf &Da0a0jzpfaewwfonf/ &,fae&if;rS wpfpHkwpfckudk
ai;junfh&if; idkifawGawGav; jzpfoGm;wwfojzifh cifcsdK yifhouf &SdKuf&wwfonf/
]rdwdk hawG tedkifr,leJ hqdk&if r,lyg1ml;? 'Dtajumif;udk arhypfvdkufqdk&ifvJ arhyghr,f? ndKaxG;udk
'Dvdkjzpfaewmawmh rjunfh&uf1ml;? ol hrmeu ol hudkeSdyfpufaewmqdkawmh rdwdk h vJ 1mmrS rwwfedkif1ml;}
rdonf wkefcwfaom toHav;eSifh ajym&Smonf/ ndKaxG;url cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk; ol hudk tuJcwfae
juonfudk taotcsm *&krlrdymef rwlacs/ nSdK;vsaom ol hymefukdrl wpfcgwpf&H ol hymmol owdxm;rd
ymefeSifh judk;pm;jyD; &,favh&Sdavonf/
'kwd,eSpf0uf ausmif;jyefzGifhjyD; wpfausmif;vHk; pnfpnfum;um;eSifh vloHoloH qlnHvm
jyefjyDjzpfonf/
ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;\ &,farmaysmf&TifoHeSifhtwl avoHrdk;oHuvnf; *sdK;*sdrf;
nHvmavonf/ ajomf 1mmvdkvdkeSifh wpfaEGukefum wpfrdk;qef;jyefjyD jzpfonf/ cifcsdKwdk hpkaeus
tcef;tjyif1muf vloGm;vrf;uav;wGifvnf; rdk;a&&TJ&TJpdkaewwfojzifh tcef;atmif;um vlodyfrpkrd
juawmhacs/
]cifcsdK&,f wu,fhwu,fawmh ndKaxG; oufoufqkd;wmyg/ 'Dvdk tavmif;tpm;qdkwm vkyfudk
rvkyfoifh1ml;aemf? 'gayr,fh avmif;jyefjyDqkdawmhvJ ndKaxG; ravSsmhcsif1ml;}
rdk;oJoJ&Gmaom ae hwpfae hwGif ndKaxG;onf cifcsdK htdyf&mxJwGif twlvmtdyf&mrS cyfwdk;wdk;
ajymavonf/ naeapmif;yif jzpfaomfvnf; rdk;u oJoJrJrJ &Gmaeojzifh wpfrdk;vHk;arSmifrnf;aeonf/
vSsyfyef;vSsyfEG,frsm;u jydK;jyufvufaeonf/ cifcsdKwdk honfrdk;a&xJwGif a&ul;rxGufcsifojzifh xrif;pm;
aqmifodk hyif xrif;pm; roGm;juawmhacs/
]ol hudk vufrcHedkif1ml;vdk hajymvdkufawmh ol hrsufeSmudk jzLazsmhoGm;wmyJ? ndKaxG;udk ai;junfh
aejyD;rS acgif;iHk hvdkufw,f? ol hudk 1mmjzpfvdk hvufrcHedkifwmvJwJh? ndKaxG; rjudkufwJh tjyKtrl &Sd&ifvJ
ajymygwJh cifcsdK&,f? ndKaxG; 1mmajym&rvJ}
]ndKaxG; 1mmjyefajymvdkufvJ}

84
 rpE´m

ndKav ndKaxG;av &,fvdkufwmaygh? renf;juD; judk;pm;jyD; &,fvdkufwmaygh? ol hudk cspfvJ

rcspfekdif1ml;? judkufvJ rjudkuf1ml;? &if;&if;eSD;ESD;ac:ajymaewmudk tcGifhta&; ,lvmvdk hrkef;w,f? ol h
rsufeSmudk junfhae&wmawmif pdwfnpfw,fvdk h ajymcsvdkufw,f}
]ymif}
pdrf;rnfhpdrf;awmhvnf; jrurÁvmjcHKjyD; jrpdrf;yifatmufwGif &yfum pum;pdrf;yef;yefjyD; pdrf;vdkuf
yHk&avonf/ cifcsdKu ndKaxG;\ vufuav;rsm;udk wif;wif;qkyfudkifrdaomtcg at;pufaeonfudk
owdxm;rdavonf/
]cifcsdK&,f ol hrsufeSmudkav ndKaxG;junfhawmif rjunfh&uf1ml;? jzLazsmhjyD; eSKwfcrf;awG wkefae
w,f? 'Davmuf rkef;aewmrodvdk hyg? oGm;ygawmhr,fwJh? ndKaxG;rjrifcsifwJh rsufeSmrjrif&atmif a&Smifygh
r,fvdk hajymjyD; xxGufoGm;awmhwmyJ}
]ndKaxG; ridkcsif1ml;vm;}
]ymifhtif; ndKaxG;&,faew,f}
ndKaxG;onf jydK;jyufvufaeaom vSsyfyef;vSsyfEG,frsm;udk rSefjywif;rS armhjunfh&if; wkefcwfaom
toHav;eSifh ajymonf/ ymkwfygonf/ trSefwu,fyif ndKaxG; &,faecJhavonf/ ndKaxG;\
eSKwfcrf;av;rsm;u &TifcsdKpGm &,faecJhavonf/ odk haomf vnf; &ifxJwGifum; idk&SdKufaeymef &Sdonf/
]ndKaxG; udk,fhudkukd,f 1mmvdk hvSnfhpm;&wmvJ? ol hudk wu,frrkef;1mJ 1mmvdk hrkef;w,f
vdk hajym&ovJ}
]tdk ol hudk rrkef;&if ndKaxG; &SHK;oGm;rSmaygh? ndKaxG; 1m,fawmhrS t&SHK;rcHcsif1ml;}
]tJ'D rmejuD;ajumifh cufaewmaygh? 'DrSm junfhprf; ndKaxG;? cka&m ndKaxG;u udk,fhudkudk,f
edkifw,fxifaevdk hvm;}
cifcsdKonf cyfrmrmajymvdkufrdonf/ avoHrrmpzl; rmaeaom cifcsdK hudk ndKaxG;onf txdwf
wvef hav; armhjunfhavonf/
]'Dtavmif;tpm;rSm 1m,folrS rekdif1ml;od&J hvm;? r0gwkd hvJ &SHK;w,f? udk&ifarmifvJ &SHK;w,f?
ndKaxG;vJ &SKH;w,f? oa&yGJawmif rymkwf1ml; tm;vHk;u &SHK;juwJh &SHK;yGJ}
u&kPma'gaom ajymaeaom cifcsdKudk ndKaxG;onf awGawGuav; junfhaeonf/ rmeoHav;eSifh
eSKwfvSefrxdk;1mJ jidrfaeavonf/ twefjum jidrfaejyD;rS yifhoufwpfcsufudk av;yifpGm&SdKuf&if; cifcsdK h
vufudk qkyfudkifvdkufonf/ ndKaxG;\ vufuav;rsm; at;pufwkef&Daeojzifh cifcsdKonf wif;wif;
juyfjuyfuav; jyefqkyfxm;vdkufrdonf/
tjyif1mufwGif arSmifrnf;aejyDjzpfaomfvnf; cifcsdKwdk honf tcef;rD; rzGifhrdjuacs/ arSmifxJrJxJ
wGif wdwfwdwfqdwfqdwf idkifaerdjuonf/
]aym; "r®pjum&Gwf&atmif vmju}

85
 *sDa[mol

r0gonf tcef;tjyif1mufrS atmfac:&if; qif;oGm;onf/ 0gwGif;a&mufvSsif Oykofae h wdkif; pkjyD;

"r®pjum&Gwfavh&Sdonfu cifcsdKwdk h*sDaymm\ tavhtxav;jzpfonf/ 'Dwpfcgawmh 1mmrS vkyfcsifpdwf
r&Sdí tomjidrfaerdonf/ rjumrD om,mnGwfajymif;zG,f aumif;vSaom "r®pjum&GwfoHonf rdk;oHeSifh
twl a0hysHxGufay:vmonf/
xkdae hnaeu cifcsdKwdk heSpfOD;pvHk; naepmxrif;rpm;rdju1mJ tdyfaysmfoGm;juonf/ tdyfaysmf
onfqdkaomfvnf; eSpfeSpfjcdKufjcdKuf tdyfaysmfonfawmh rymkwfacs/ xrif;vHk; wapäajcmufovdk edk;wpf0uf
tdyfrufrsm;eSifh acsmufacsmufcsm;csm;juD; tddyfaysmfjcif;om jzpfonf/
aemufwpfae heHeufwGifum; tapmjuD; edk;vmjuonf/ wpfnvHk; oJjuD;rJjuD; &Gmxm;aom
aumif;uifjyifwGif rdk;om;uif;pifum jymrSdKif;aeonf/ tcef;tjyif1mufwGifum; rdk;a&rsm;aumif;pGm
rajcmufwwfao;acs/ a&wifum pdkpdkpGwfpGwf jzpfaeavonf/
]ndKaxG;a& udk&ifarmifu ravSsmh1mJ jyefjyD;qufOD;r,f qkd&ifaum vufcHrvm;? tJ'Dvdkqdk&if
ndKaxG; &SHK;w,fvdk hrqdkdedkifyg1ml;}
tcef;tjyif1mufwGif pdkpdkpGwfpGwf xGufí &yfaeju&if; cifcsdKu aoG;wdk;prf;ovdk ajymrdonf/
ndKaxG;onf cifcsdKudk jyHK;rJhrJhav; junfhjyD; acgif;cgjyonf/
]rjzpfekdifyg1ml; cifcsdK&,f? ndKaxG; 'Davmufajymypfvdkufwm? tjywfajymjyD;om;yJ? ckrsm; ol hudk
awG hawmif rawG h&awmh1ml; rymkwfvm;}
ymkwfygonf/ udk&ifarmifonf udk,faysmufrif;om;vdk &Sdef;qm,m ydkarmufjyD; udk,ftaysmuf
aumif;vSavonf/*sDaymma&S hurlravSsmufrdatmifa&Smifymef&Sdavonf/ wpfcgwpf&H naevrf; avSsmuf
&if; &ifqdkifawG hrdra,mif qHkrdwwfaomtcgrsm;wGifvnf; a&Smifomaom vrf;rS auG hoGm;wwfonf/
ra&Smifom rwdrf;om &ifqdkifwdk;avvSsifrl rcsdjyHK;av; jyHK;jyavh&Sdavonf/
a,musfm;uav;rsm; tonf;a0'emudk cHpm;&avvSsif t&uftdk;xJwGif pdrfjuonfymk
jum;zl;onf/ t&ufrl;jyD; tdyfaysmfoGm;avvSsif t&m&mudk arhypfekdifpGrf;&Sdonfymk qdkjuavonf/
udk&ifarmifurl t&ufaomufymefrwlacs/ odk haomfvnf; t&ufraomuf1mJ rl;aeovdk ol h
rsufvHk;rsm;u &Da0a0jzpfaewwfonf/ ndKaxG;udkawG hvSsif ol hrsufvHk;rsm;udk atmufpdkufjyD; rjunfhrd
atmif vTJxm;wwfavonf/
]&ifarmifymm wu,fh vl&dk;vlaumif;ygAsm? aysmfwwfaemufwwfayr,fh wu,f&dk;ygw,f?
ndKaxG;u 1mmvdk hrsm; rjudkufwmvJ]
udkoef;a0u ajymaomtcg cifcdsKonf a,mifcsmcsmyif jyHK;aevdkuf&onf/ 1mmjyefajym&rnf
rodaomajumifh jidrfaeonfuom taumif;qHk; jzpfrnf xifonf/
]'DaumifjuD; tawmfxdaew,f? nwdkifus&if wvl;vl; wvGef hvGef heJ h? vomwJh nawGrsm;
wpfa,mufwnf; vrf;xxavSsmufaevdk huGsefawmfwdk hrSm wzm;zm; vdkufaeju&w,f}
udk&ifarmif\ owif;udk cifcdsKu jyefvnf azmufonfcsaomtcg ndKaxG;onf idkrvdk rsufeSm
xm;av;eSifh &,faeavonf/ a0a0onf ndKaxG;\ rsufeSmav;udk tai;om;junfh&if; oufjyif;cs

86
 rpE´m

onf/ 'Dwpfcgawmh &efuem;vnf; u,fekdifymef rwlawmhacs/ rnfolupí arT;rSef;rodaomfvnf;

avmifavaom rD;onf tm;vHk;udk ylapcJhavonf/
wdrfawmufaom naewGif cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk; tcef;tjyif1mufwGif pkrdjujyefavonf/ o&ufoD;
ay:cdsefrdk hrcspfpk o&ufoD;udk iHjym&nf? jiKyfoD;pyfpyfeSifh wdk hpm;&if; pyfrdpyf&m pum;0dkif; zGJ hrdjuonf/
]o&ufoD;pm;&if; tcGHygpm;&w,f? tom;u 0rf;oufw,f? tcGHu 0rf;csKyfw,f? eSpfckpvHk;awmh
wpfckeJ hwpfck xdef;oGm;w,fwJh}
]ymm 'dk hawmh tom;yJpm;r,f? 0rf;awmfvm;&Hkruvdk h1mmjzpfjzpf}
r0gu rdkufpum;ajymjyD; tv,fom;rsm;udkcsnf;a&G;pm;avonf/ z&JoD;udkpm;ydk;eifhatmifpm;aom
axG;axG;onf rcspfpk o&ufoD;pm;&HkeSifh tm;r&ao;acs/ trSnhfcHxm;aom &ifuGJo&ufrsm;udkyg cGJpm;&ef
armfarmfhudk tazmfpyfaeavonf/
]tck taqmifrSm atmfwdkawG yvlysHaewmyJ? aemufqHk;eSpfqkdawmh cGJju&awmhrSm rymkwfvm;}
armfarmfu ajymaomtcg cifcsdK h&ifxJwGif 'def;ceJ jzpfoGm;onf/ ymkwfayonf/ 'kwd,eSpf0uf
ausmif;zGifhjyD; vydkif;twGif; pmar;yGJppfawmhrnfjzpf\/ xkdaemufwGifum; cifcsdKwdk hwawG ausmif;ouf
ukefqHk;awmhrnf jzpfonf/ ajcmufeSpfwdkifwdkif aygif;vmaom oli,fcsif;rsm;onfvnf; cGJcGmju&awmhrnf
jzpfayonf/ ausmif;om;1m0rS tvkyform;1m0odk hul;ajymif;ju&awmh rnfjzpfayonf/
]ckvqkd&if *Gsef? *sLvdkifqkd&if pmar;yGJjyD;jyD? 1mmvdkvdkeJ hwpfvausmfausmf1mJ vdkawmhw,f}
r0gonf tcsdefudk aocsmpGm wGufjunfh&if; vef hoGm;ovdk ajymonf/ aerif;juD;udk
aemufcHxm;jyD; ta&mifpHkawmufyaeaom wdrfrsm;onf tqkyfvdkuf tcJvdkuf a&G hvsm; aejuonf/
ae0ifcsdefeD;jyDjzpfí pufrSKwuúodkvfacgifrdk;ay:&Sd a&puftdrfav;rsm;onf rJrJ&dyf&dyfeSifh uGsef;arsm
av;rsm;vdk jzpfaeonf/ 'Dwuúodkvf 'D0ef;usif? 'Dtaqmif? 'Dajr 'Dav 'Doli,fcsif;rsm;eSifh cGJcGm&ef
tcsdefonf eD;uyfvmacsjyDudk ,ckrSyif tm;vHk; owdxm;rdjuonf/ uAsm0goemygaom rdonf
uAsmav;ydk'fudk pyfqdkjyD; cifcsdKwdk hpmtkyf a&S h1muftzHk;wGif wdwfwdwfav; a&;xm;avonf/
]ajomf wpfae hwpfae h? wa&G ha&G heSifh
eSif;aiG hodkif;jcHK? aqmif;eSif;ukefí
cgaEG1mufodk hul;cJhjyD/
aEGtOD;rdk h? av&l;jrL;aysmf
Ojoausmfvsuf? uHhaumfawGvJ zl;cJhjyD/
zl;yk&pfpD? uopfeDeSifh
&moDtcg ik0g0gwkd h
ruGmaysmfvsuf armfjuonf/

87
*sDa[mol

a&Tpifaomfarmf? uopfaysmfvnf;
oHausmfOjo? aw;oDajymvnf;
pdwfarmAsma0? aomuayGonf
'dk hawG cGJcGm&OD;rnf/ /

***

88
 rpE´m

(23)
]cGJ&rSmyJ? wpfae hawmh tm;vHk; cGJju&rSmyJ? arG;vmuwnf;u wpfa,mufwnf; arG;vm&wm?
rjyefvrf;udkawmif avSsmufjyD; tjyD;tydkif cGJju&rSm}
rrcifonf w&m;oHygygeSifh ajymonf/ cgwdkif;naecif;vrf;avSsmufvSsif &Tifaysmf oGufvufjyD;
&,fp&mrsm; ajymumavSsmufavh&Sdaom cifcsdKwdk hvlpkonf ckwpfcgawmh r&,fedkif? raysmfedkif ajcvSrf;av;
aejuonf/ cGJju? cGmju? auGuGif;ju&rnfudk taotcsm odaeaomfvnf; pdwfxJwGif vufrcHcsifjuay/
]cspfcifaygif;oif; qufqHjcif;um;? auGuGif;aemufqHk; &Sdacs\ wJh}
rdonf vrf;a1m;acsmufxJrS ajruyfyef;0g0gav;rsm;udk qif;cl;&if; ajymonf/ rkd;jzKdifjzdKif usvSsif
rdk;a&eSifhtwl 0g0if;aeatmif yGifhvef;vmwwfjuaom yef;av;rsm;onf cspfpzG,faumif;vSonf/ rdk;zGJzGJ
wGifvnf; yGifhonf/ rdk;oJoJwGifvnf; vef;onf/ aeylvSsifvnf; rnSdK;acs/ 1m0eSifhcsDjyD; juD;juD;
us,fus,f ajym&vSsif avmu"H\ txktaxmif;udk tawmfcHedkifonfymk ajym&rnfxifonf/
]eSpfywfvnf xrif;pm;yGJus&if 'dk hawG tpDtpOfwpfckavmufvkyfzdk haumif;w,f}
]1mmtpDtpOfvJ}
]a':&oDu ajymw,f? 'dk h*sDaymmolawGymm ausmif;om;awGeSdrforSs tjrJcHae&wmwJh? ausmif;u
rxGufcif trSwfw& wpfckck jyefaqmfoGm;csifw,fwJh}
ausmif;oufwpfeSpfukefjyD; 'kwd,eSpf0uf pm;ar;yGJppfcgeD;wGif taqmifae ausmif;ol ausmif;om;
rsm;udk txl;tpDtpOfeSifh auGs;arG;jyD; eSKwfqufyGJvkyfwwfonfum; eSpfpOfyif/ pm;aomufjyD;juaomtcg
tekynm toif;eSifh 0goem&Sifrsm;u tutckefrsm;eSifh ajzazsmfjuavonf/
]1mmtpDtpOfvkyf&rvJ? u& ckef&atmifuvJ 'dk hawGtxJrSm csdKrdkifrdkifawmif rSefatmif uwwf
ju&J hvm; rod}
]jyZmwfqkd&ifaum}
]1mmZmwfvrf;udk ujurSmvJ}
cifcsdKwdk hat;at;oufom pum;ajym&if; avSsmufvmcsdefwGif ta&S h1mufrS ausmif;om;wpfpk
avSsmufvmonfudk owdjyKrdonf/ rsufrSefjuD;w0if;0if;eSifh Apfwmudk jzwfceJ awG hvdkufí olwdk hvlpkxJ
wGif udk&ifarmifvnf; ygvmvdrfhrnf xifonf/ ndKaxG;u 1m,fvdkaernfrod/ cifcsdKyif &ifckefcsifonf/
]AsdK; rrcif? cifAsm;wkd h*sDaymmu eSpfvnfxrif;pm;yGJus&if Zmwfpifay:wufjurvdk hqdk}

89
 *sDa[mol

tekynm toif;0if udkoef;atmifonf tmus,fygus,feSifh vSrf;eSKwfqufavonf/

udkoef;atmif\ aemuf1mufwGif udk&ifarmifudk awG h&onf/ rsufeSmudk cyfvTJvTJxm;jyD; acgif;iHk haeav
onf/ a0a0onf udk&ifarmif\ rsufeSmudk trdt& vdkufjunfhjyD; tuJcwfaeonf/
]wufr,f wufr,f? uGsefrwdk h*sDaymmolawGudk tjrJwrf;eSdrfaewm? Zmwfpifay:wufjyD; &Sifwdk h
awGudk jyefeSdrfypfOD;r,f}
]trf rm av; ajumufygw,fAs}
Apfwmonf a0a0eSifh armfarmfudk rsufvHk;tjyL;om;eSifh junfh&if; xatmfonf/ ol hjunfh &onf
rSm wu,fhudk ajumufaeymef &Sdonf/ armfarmfwdk honf olwdk heSifh 1mmrS rqdkifovdk rsufeSmxm;
wnfwnfxm;jyD; r0geSifh vSnfhpum;ajymaeavonf/
ndKaxG;onf cifcsdKwdk haemuf1mufwGif uyfí &yf&if; ajr0yfyef;0g0gav;rsm;udk pdkufjunfhaeav
onf/ ndKaxG; &ifxJwGif rnfuJhodk h&Sdrnfudk cifcsdKodcsifaeonf/ cifcsdKwdk hvlpktm;vHk;a&m? udk&ifarmifyg
£ajE´rysufjuonfhtwGuf pum;0kdif;onf pdkpdkjynfjynf jzpfaeonf/
]ndKaxG;a&m urSmvm;}
]rvkyfygeJ h? vltm;vHk; xGufajy;ukefyghr,f}
]wpfa,mufawmh usefrSmayghAsm}
]1m,folvJymif}
Apfwmu taeSmifhrvGwftoGm;rvGwf ajymaomtcg a0a0onf pum;udk eif;um uref;uwef;
ar;avonf/ a0a0wpfa,muf tjuHtzefawG vkyfaejyefjyD xifonf/ ndKaxG;\ rsufeSmav;onf &JceJ
jzpfoGm;jyD; Apfwmhudk cyfawGawGav; vSrf;junfhonf/ Apfwmonf acgif;udk ukwfum &,foGrf;aoG;&if;
pum;avSsmhcsvdkufonf/
]tymJ uGsefawmfyg? uGsefawmfu tuqdk&if arsmufuawmif xrif;arh ymif;arh xdkifjunfhwwfwm}
a0a0onf pdwfysufoGm;ovdk rsufeSmav; &SHK hoGm;onf/ udk&ifarmifurl rodrom oufjyif;&SdKuf
vdkufavonf/ tajumif;rSefudk rodaom rrcifeSifh axG;axG;wdk hurl ymefeSifhyefeSifh ajymaom Apfwmhudk
junfhum &,faejuavonf/
junfjunfvifvifaom rdk;aumif;uifonf &kwfcsnf;yif rdk;&dyfrsm;wufum tHk hqdkif; vmonf/
&Gmra,mif ymefjyifum *sdK;*sdrf;oH ay;aeavonf/ ausmif;udk ywfjyD; avSsmuf&ef tjuHudk vufavSsmh
vdkufjyD; aemufajumif;jyefavSsmufvmcJhjuonf/ cifcsdKwdk h vlpkeSifhtwl udk&ifarmifwkd hvlpkvnf; ygvm
juavonf/
]&efukefrdk;eJ h&efukefolymm tpdk;r&1ml;wJhAs}
udkoef;atmifonf cyfoGufoGufavSsmufae&if;rS rdk;#Dum zGifhavonf/ wpfcsdefvHk; jidrfaeaom
udk&ifarmifonf 'Dwpfcgawmh toHxGufvmonf/

90
 rpE´m

]&efukefrdk;u tpdk;r&ayr,fh &Gmwwfygw,fAsm? tnmrdk;urS &Gmawmhrvdk tHk hqdkif;jyD; rdk;csdrf;oH

awGom nHaew,f? rdk;ajy;uav;rS r&Gm? rdk;aygufuav;rS rus? arSsmfwJholom arm&wwfwm}
rdonf rdk;vGwfatmif tajy;wpfydkif;eSifh vrf;avSsmuf&if; udk&ifarmifhudk rodrom vSnfhjunhf
onf/ rdk;aumif;uifudk armhjunfhaeaom udk&ifarmifurl owdxm;rdymef rwlacs/ tnmrSm arG;jyD;
tnmrSjuD;aomtnmolav; ndKaxG;uwdwfwcdk;av; yifhouf&SdKufvdkufonfukdum; cifcsdKodvdkufonf/
]atmifr,f tnmrdk;u &Gm&ifvJ oJjuD;rJjuD;ygyJ&Sif}
]&GmygapAsm? oJoJrJrJjuD;udk &GmygapAsm}
axG;axG;onf 1mkrod 1mrod 0ifawmavonf/ Apfwmonf ndKaxG;udk a0hceJ junfh&if;
tmvkyfoHjud;eSifh qkawmif;aomtcg a0a0onf ymufymufyufyuf &,favawmhonf/ cyfoGufoGuf
avSsmufae&if;rS rdk;pufrdk;aygufrsm; usvmaomtcg ciffcsdKwdk hwawG tajy;wpfydkif; jzpfukefjuonf/
AdokumXme teD;vrf;cGJwGif udk&ifarmifwdk hu Xme1muf ajy;jujyD; cifcsdKwdk hu taqmif1muf ajy;cJh
juonf/
]uGsefawmfwdk hZmwfvdkufjuD; udk&ifarmifvJ oDcsif;wufqdk vdrfhr,fAs? wpfyifwdkif rif;om;juD;wJh}
wjznf;jznf;pdyfjyD;oJvmaomrdk;ajumifh cifcsdKwdk hwawGtajy;rvGwfrSef;odíajcvSrf;udk t&SdefavSsmh
vdkufjuonf/ Apfwmonf rrDrurf; vSrf;atmfajymvdkufao;onf/
]ndKaxG; ajy;eSifhr,f? acgif;udk a&pdkrcHcsif1ml;}
ndKaxG;onf ajymajymqdkqkd wpfOD;wnf; ajy;xGufoGm;avonf/ cifcsdKwdk hurl pdkrnfh twlwl
rxl;awmhonfhtwGuf rdk;a&xJwGifyif avSsmufvmcJhjuavonf/ cyfpyfpyfav; rdk;pufrdk;rSKefrsm; rsufeSm
udk yufaeonfrSm wpfrsdK;t&om&Sdonf/ a0a0onf acgif;udk armhjyD; yg;pyfudk ymxm;avonf/
]rdk; rdk; rdk; vm; armifwkd h
av av avvm; armifwdk h
aym; av av avvm; r,fwkd h
ymm; rdk; rdk; rdk;vm; r,fwdk h}
a0a0? armfarmfeSifh axG;axG;wdk honf wpfvSnfhpD wdkif&if; 0&kef;okef;um; atmfaejuonf/
rdk;a&rsm;eSifh &TJuyfaeaom qHyifrsm;ajumifh olwkd h\ &,fusJusJ rsufeSmav;rsm;onf ajumifpDpD
jzpfaejuonf/ vljyuf&kyfaygufaejuonf/ rrcifonf olwdk hudk ai;junfhae&if; 0rf;omtm;& xatmf
onf/
]ymkwfjyD ymkwfjyD oHcsyfxdk;r,f? 'ifemus&if *sDaymmu oHcsyfxkd;r,f}
]aumif;w,f aumif;w,f}

91
 *sDa[mol

r0gu vSdKufvSdKufvSJvSJ axmufcHonf/ tjuHay:vmjyDrkd htaqmif&Sd vlpkeSifh wdkifyif&ef ajcvSrf;

oGufvmjuonf/ taqmif0&Sd ydawmuf nDaemifatmufodk ha&mufaomtcg armfarmfonf ydawmuf&Guf
rsm;udk ckefí qGJ&if; &,farm&Gwfqdkvdkufavonf/
]pufrSKausmif;om; a*:irf;ayG?
rdef;r&SmawGawmif a&Smif1ml;qdkyJ}
]ymm; odyfaumif;w,f? armfarmf qufpyf? qufjyD; pyfygOD;}
rdonf tm;wufoa&m ajymonf/ armfarmf\vufudk twif;qGJum qufí pyfcdkif;aeonf/
armfarmfonf 1mmqufqdk&rnf rodonfhtwGuf acgif;ukwf&if; ymufymufyufyuf &,faeavonf/

***

92
 rpE´m

(24)

&,farmoHrsm;onf wpfcef;vHk; yJhwifxyfum qlnHaeonf/ Zmwfpifay:wGifpdyfykwD;juD; {&meE´m

juD;qGJum ajumifpD pD&yfaeaom udkoef;a0tjzpfuvnf; &,fp&mrdk hcifcsdKwdk h £ajE´raqmifedkifacs/
eSpfvnf npmpm;yGJtjyD; uyGJrsm;rprD rJazmufavonf/ rJaygufaomol uHxl;olrsm;onf olwdk h\
qkvm'frsm;udk pifjrifhay:wufjyD; ,lju&onf/ vltrsm;a&S hwGif aygufrJudk zGifhjunfhju&avonf/
udkoef;a0onf yxrqHk;aygufaom uHxl;oljzpfí cifcsdKwdk hwawG vufckyfudk qlnHaeatmif wD;ay;
juonf/ ol&aom aygufrJu txkyfcyfao;ao;yif jzpfonf/ eSpfvnfyGJrdk htusF Dpdrf;&ifh&ifh? a1mmif;1mD
pdrf;&ifh&ifhESifh OD;cGsefzdeyfpD;um tuste &SdK;xkwfxm;aom ukdoef;a0onf y&dowfqE´t& ol haygufrJudk
pifjrihfay:wGif zGifhjy&&Smonf/ ykwD;aphwpfvHk;vSsif ZD;jzLoD;cef h&Sdaom pdwfykwD;juD; xGufvmojzifh
rsufeSmav; i,foGm;&Smonf/ tcrf;tem;rSL;u pdyfykwD;juD;vnfyif;pGyfay;aomtcgolonf y&dowfzuf
vSnfhjyD; OD;nGwfjyavonf/ a1mmif;1mDjuD;um;um;eSihf pdyfykwD;qGJxm;aom udkoef;a0udk junfhjyD;
rnfolrSs £ajE´raqmifedkifjuawmhay/ w0g;0g; jzpfukefjuawmhonf/
wdkufwdkufqdkifqdkifyif aemufwpfcg rJaygufolum; a0a0jzpfavonf/ a0a0onf pifjrihfhay:odk h
ajumufqkwfqkwfeSifh wufoGm;&&Smonf/ a0a0haygufrJonfum; juD;rm;vSacsonf/ cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk;
txkyfjuD;udk junfhjyD; 1mk&m;waejuonf/ zGifhvdkufaomtcg zdk;0&kyfjuD; um;um;juD;xGufvmojzifh
0g;ceJ jzpfukefjuonf/
]ymm; ymm; a0a0uG? *sDaymmu rdaumuG ymm; ymm; ymm;}
cifcsdKwdk haemuf1mufweff;wGif xdkifaeaom Apfwmonf tlvSdKufoJvSdKuf &,faeavonf/
zdk;0&kyfjuD;udk pifjrifhay:wifjyD; ayG hxm;&aom a0a0tjzpfuvnf; roufomvSacs/ a0a0acsmufayguf
wdk;aeyHkudk junfhjyD; udk&ifarmifeSifh Apfwmwdk htawmfyif 0rf;omtm;& jzpfaeyHk&avonf/ rcsdoGm;jznf;
eSifhajumifpDpDav; &,faeaom a0a0hudk junfh&if; Apfwmha1m;rS tvGrf;rif;om;udk&ifarmifuvnf;
raeedkif toHxGufatmif wymm;ymm; &,faeonf/
]a&mh cifcsdKpm;ygOD;vm;}
uyGJrsm;rprD udk&ifarmifonf qm;iHaphwpfxkyf vSrf;ay;avonf/ cifcsdKwdk huvnf; uGmaphxkyf
rsm; jyefay;onf/ cyfwef;wef;jzpfae&mrS a0a0vljyuftvkyfaumif;onfh twGuf &,fjuarmjueSifh
jyefjyD; wpfpnf;wpfvHk;wnf; pkrdoGm;juonf/ ndKaxG;onfvnf; junfjunfvifvifuav; jyHK;&,fae
avonf/
]aymm xGufjyD xGufjyD oHcsyfxGufjyD}

93
 *sDa[mol

rjumygacs/ arSsmfaeaom oHcsyftzGJ hxGufvmavonf/ a,musfm;av;wpfzuf rdef;uav;

wpfzuf *i,fyHk0dkif;jyD; &yfvdkufjuonf/ oHcsyfxdk;rnfholrsm;wGif vSvSjrifh? a':&oD? rpef;? jroufndK?
rwif&D? rmrmwif? pE´DvSdKif? rtHk;jrifhpaom owådcJrsm; ygavonf/ tusF DeSifhvHkcsnfqifwl tpdrf;? t0g?
tjymponfjzifh wpfa&mifpD tay:atmuf qifwl0wfxm;aom *sDaymmolav;rsm;onf vdyfjyma&mifpHkav;
rsm; pkpnf;xm;onfeSifh wlaeonf/ tm;vHk;yif &SKrjiD;atmif vSaejuonf/ a,musfm;av;1mufurl
udkwif0if;eSifh wifarmif0if;wdk hygavonf/ a,musfm;av; wpfvSnfh? rdef;uav;wpfvSnfh oHcsyfxdk;&if;
i,fusdK;i,femrsm; azmfum aqmfju? eSufju? wG,fjurnfrdk htm;vHk;yif pdwf0ifwpm; &Sdjuavonf/
yrmPysdK;jyD; q&m? q&mr? y&dowfrsm;udkuefawmhjyD; onfeSifh 1mmrajym nmrajym
]wuúodkvfwdkif;rSm ymdk;ymdk;ausmf *sDaymmolaemf a&Smifju &Sm;ju} ymk xwG,fygawmhonf/
a,musfm;av;rsm;onf 0g;ceJ &,fum vufckyfwajzmif;ajzmiff; wD;avonf/
]eSrunmwdk hudk tjypfqkd&if
udk,fhudkukd,fyif? jyefjunfhygOD;}
]yk uG ydefacsmuf rnf;jymjym
yHkrvmwm &Sifwdk h&Sifwdk h}
*sDaymmolrsm;uvnf; raeygacs/ ausmif;om;rsm;udk vufnSdK;xdk;um jyefvnf oHcsyfxkd;juonf/
'Dwpfcgawmh cifcsdKwdk hndKaxG;wdk htvSnfhjzpfonf/ vufckyfemem wD;ay;&onf/
]*sDaymmoludk rvdkcsif
AD,uferfyif oGm;vdkufcsifao;}
AD,uferfppfrD;yGm;aecsdefrdk holwdk hpum;onf xdrdvSonf/ olwdk hu toHudk jrSifhum ymdef;aeatmif
atmfovdk atmufzufrS jo1mmoHuvnf; nHoGm;avonf/
]pm;csifvSwJh? pyspfcsdK
vSrf;rrDoudk? csOfjuwmaygh}
]ukwfacsmif;acsmif;eJ hydef*kwfarmif
rwefaygifaemf O'kAÁ&eJ h}
yd*Fkwå&vkvifeSifh O'kAÁa'0Dwdk h\ Oyrmudk cdkif;eSdkif;jyD; *sDaymmolrsm;udk aoG;juD;ymef vkyfavonf/
]ig;rmefwufolrdk h&ufpufavw,f oufoufu,f aoGz,fvdk harwu,f pdrf;wmayghaemf} ymk
Apfwmonf &,f&if;arm&if; wdk;wdk;av; a&&Gwfaeonf/
]wHcg;ydwfvdk h? zsmvdyfum
ewfar;wmymm olwkd htusihf}

94
 rpE´m

]wdk;wdk;wdwfwdwf usdwfvdk hom

*Pef;wGufwm olwdk htusifh}
rdef;uav;aqmifwGif &SifratmifjzL zsmvdyfewfar;juonfudk oHcsyfxJ xnfhaomtcg *sDaymmol
rsm;uvnf; a,musfm;av;aqmif&Sd zJ0kdif;rsm;udk &nf&G,fjyD; jyefqdkjuavonf/ a&S hwef;wGif xdkifaeaom
q&mrsm;onf wjznf;jznf; vrdkif;uyfum ymefeSifh yefeSifh qdkukefjuaom oHcsyftzGJ hudk junfh&if;
ymufymuf yufyuf &,faejuavonf/ i,fusdK;i,fem tukefvHk; zHk;r&1mJ ay:ukefjuaom ausmif;ol
ausmif;om;rsm; tjzpfuvnf; roufomvSacs/
]ig;ydajumf q,fjym;zdk;?
q,fa,mufwdk;wm junfhraumif;1ml;}
]xrif;pm;cef;xJ a,mifrSm;0if
aiGroGif;&if jyefxGuf jyefxGuf}
ig;ydajumfq,fjym;zdk;udk 0,fjyD; q,fa,muf0dkif;pm;juonfymk rdef;uav;wdk huyfap;eSJyHkudk olwdk h
u pmzGJ havonf/ ausmif;vc? taqmifaju;? xrif;vc ponfwdk hudk roGif;1mJ tcsdefwefvSsif
xrif;vmpm;juaom ausmif;om;rsm;\ tjyKtrludk twGif;od tpif;odrdk hausmif;olrsm;uvnf;
csufcsif;jyefyufavonf/ twdkiftazmufnDvSojzifh &,foHonf rpJedkif1mJ yJhwifvdkufaeavonf/
oHcsyfvrdkif;uyfjyD; trlt,mpHkpHkeSifh jyHK;um rJhum &,farmum vufnSdK;wxkd;xdk; tusdwfte,f
jzpfukefojzifh em;axmif&onfa&m? junfh&onfyg tm;&p&m aumif;vSonf/
]pdwfrqkd;ygeJ haqGuvsm
'dk hwawGymm armifeSrawGyJ}
]armifeSrawGrdk h? aysmfaysmf&Tif
cifrifwmawG ? ajymvdk hrqHk;}
oHcsyftjyD; ajuat;pum;qdkaejuaomtcg udkoef;a0onf usdwfredkif cJr&eSifh ]aymhaumifawG
owådenf;vSacsuvm;? qufqdk? qufqdk} ymk toHjyJjuD;eSifh xatmfavonf/ Zmwfpifay:rS vlrsm;yg
raeedkif1mJ &,fju&awmhonf/
]1mJOjcrf; jzLwlwl
qm;a&eJ hul?
pufrSKol trlwHk;?
1mJOeJ hzHk;/
ymdkrav 'Drav ymif;csdKa& yef;uefxJ

95
 *sDa[mol

ydkufusa& ylylaEG; qm;uav;eJ hwJh/

t&d&,f t&GJ&,f ajc&kd;wJhuG,f
vnfacsmif;oG,f? awmifyefum;? pufrSKjuufom;/
aymm'DrSm aymm'DrSm tacgufrSm tqDaxG;
arT;ndKndK? yifcsif;,Suf? 0ufymif;wJhav;/
rrSKyg tdk igh&Sif? tm;enf;vm&if
ADwmrif at wl Zuf? aq;&HkuxGuf
0rf;udk hpfwJh vHk;wpf&m aq;vmxdk;yg
'dk ha'gufwmudkvlajzmifh tyfjuD;eJ hapmifh
0rf;udk hpfrSm vHk;wpf&m ? aq;vmxkd;yg?
wifyg;rSm 1m,fnm,Suf? xkdif&cufcuf?
eSmacgif;ydwfrcHedkif? ikwfwkwf&ifqdkif?
&eH hjudkif xdkifr&? 'dk htdrfomAs?
ymdka&S hu uefom-uefom? pufrSKuefom
urÇmrSm pHwifxm;? tHhzG,fwpfyg;
1mdk;1mGm;rS ajr;jrpfwD? jyD;vkygjyD
&mjynfhrD 'DuefxJ ul;&rvGJ/
aemufqHk;wGifum; 1mmrS rusefawmhacs/ pm;raumif;aom taqmifymif;rsm;udk vnf;aumif;?
vmorSs vlemudk aq;xdk;vTwfaom q&m0efudkvnf;aumif;? teSpfeSpf tvvuaqmufaejyD; ,ckwdkif
rjyD;edkifao;aom pufrSKa&ul;uefudk vnf;aumif; wG,fjuawmhonf/ vufckyfnDpGm wD;jyD; oHjydKif
qdkaeaom oHcsyftzGJ hudk tm;ay;aom vufckyfoHrsm;onfvnf; rpJawmhacs/ yg;pyf rydwfedkifatmif
&,fcJh&í yg;&kd;rsm;yif anmif;aeonf/
]'Dwpfcg *sDaymmolawG w,fowådaumif;vSyguvm;}
Apfwmu a0a0hudk vSrf;junfhonf/ &,farm&TifcsdKaeaom ndKaxG;udk udk&ifarmifu ai;pdkufjunfh
aeavonf/ tuFsDtpdrf;&ifh&ifh0wfxm;ojzifhndKaxG;tom;av;rsm;onftuFsDa&mifymyfum tajumpdrf;
rsm; ,Sufaeoa,mifyif xif&atmif 0if;yaeonf/ wywfvSsKd qHxHk;wGif uyfyefxm;aom eSif;qDyef;
t0gav;onf judkifaeatmif arT;avonf/ ykvJoG,f&Snf&Snaf v;wpfuHk;wnf;udk qGJxm;aom ndKaxG;\
ymefonf ausmh&Sif;vSonf/

96
 rpE´m

ol hudk ukd&ifarmifjunfhaeajumif;udkodaomtcgndKaxG;\rsufeSmav;onf&TifcsdKae&mrS wnfoGm;

avonf/ eSKwfcrf;eSpfvTmudk wif;wif;aphum ZmwfcHkudk ai;junfhaeavonf/ &ifckefaumif; ckefae
rnfjzpfaomfvnf; ol htrlt&monf at;pufvSavonf/
]1mmjzpfvdk hymefaqmifcsif&wmvJ rdef;uav;&,f} ymk ar;vdkufcsifaomfvnf; rar;&ufí
rar;rdacs/ ndKaxG;\&ifxJrS rmeonf ckxd t&nfaysmfao;ymef rwlacs/
]wu,fhwu,fawmh 'DyGJymm uGsefawmfwdk hausmif;om;awGtwGuf eSKwfqufyGJyJ? rjumcif
pmar;yGJppfawmhrSm? jyD;vdk h&Sd&if wpfae&mpD? wpfXmepD? rawG hrjrifcsif&ifvJ rawG hju rjrifju&awm h
1ml;ayghAsm? uGsefawmfuawmh cifygw,f? 'DvlawGudk arhrSmvJ rymkwfyg1ml;}
uyGJtjyD;wGif udk&ifarmifonf cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk;udk eSKwfqufpum;qdkavonf/
rsufvTmcsxm;aom ndKaxG;udk cyfpdkufpdkufav; junfhjyD;rS vSnfhxGufoGm;avonf/
cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk; ajumufaeaom auGuGif; cGJcGmjcif; ymlaom avmu"Hw&m;juD;udk
&ifqdkifju&awmhrnfymk taotcsm odvnf; od? awG;vnf; awG;aerdjuavonf/ rawG;rdvSsif
aumif;onf/ awG;rdvSsif oHa,mZOf trSsifwef;í &ifxJwGif av;oGm;wwfonf/ apmapmu &,farm
&Tifaysmfaeonfudkyif arhoa,mif jzpfoGm;onf/
]vlcsif; rawG hekdif&ifawmif pma&;awmh rysif;juygeJ h oli,fcsif;wdk h&m}
r0gonf wkefcwfaom toHeSifh rSmavonf/

***

97
 *sDa[mol

(25)

]cifcsdKa&-
r0gav pma&;ysif;vSwJhjum;xJu yxrqHk;a&;wJh pmyg? cifcsdKwdk hppfwrf;a&m wif&cgeD;a&maygh?
opfyifav;awG um;av;awG ulvkyfray;edkifwm pdwfraumif;1ml;uGm? r0g 'DrSmawmh tm;aejyD?
tdrfrSmqdkawmh twdk;cs Zdrfusaewmaygh? pm;jyD; tdyf tdyfjyD; pm;? pmar;yGJatmifpm&if;awGvJ cifcsdKwdk h
ppfwrf; wifjyD; av;ig;&ufae&if xGufrSmqdk}
,laom 1mmomwGJjcif; rwlovdk? cifcsdKwdk holi,fcsif;wpfpk pmar;yGJjyD;aomtcsdefonfvnf;
rwljuay/ r0g? a0a0eSifh armfarmfwdk honf tapmqHk; jyD;oGm;juonf/ cifcsdKwdk hwawGxuf eSpfywfcef h
apmjyD; tdrfjyefoGm;juonf/ r0gwdk hpnf;pdrfjuD;aeaom tcsdefwGif cifcsdKwdk haxG;axG;wdk hrtdyfrae
judk;pm;aewkef; jzpfonf/ tpm;ysuf ttdyfysuf yifyef;aeonfhjum;xJrS r0g\ pmuav;udk zwf&
onfrSm vlygtem;a&mufvmjyD; pum;ajymaeovdk &ifxJwGif aEG;oGm;onf/
xdkae hnwGif cifcsdKonf yHkqGJae&if; vufay:acgif;pdkufum vpfceJ tdyfaysmfoGm;onf/
cPuav; tdyfaysmfoGm;onfhtxJwGiftdyfrufrufaeao;onf/ tdyfrufxJwGif r0gvnf; ygonf/
a0a0vnf; ygonf/ ndKaxG;vnf; ygonf/ udk&ifarmif wpf,mufvnf; cifcsdK htdyfrufxJodk h
a&mufvmao;onf/ ndKaxG;eSifh udk&ifarmifwkd hjyHK;&TifpGm pum;ajymaejuonfudk junfh&if; a0a0onf
0rf;omtm;& jzpfaeavonf/ udk&ifarmif\ tareSifh a0a0\tarwdk hwkwfjuD;rsm; udkifum a&mufvm
aomtcg cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk; xajy;juonf/ tl,m;zm;,m; ajy;ae&mrS a0a0\ junfvifaom &,foH
uav;udk jum;&ao;onf/ cifcsdKurl ajy;vdkufonfrSm w&Sdefxdk;jzpfonf/ aemufudkyif vSnfhí
rjunfhtm;/ ajy;&if;vTm;&if; acsmufxJvdrfhusaomtcgrS at;ceJ jzpfjyD; edk;vmonf/ ekd;vmjyD;aomtcg
wGifyif wu,f ajy;vTm;xm;&ovdk armaeao;onf/
]axG;axG;wdk hawG ausmif;udk ywfjyD; eSKwfqufju&atmif}
ppfwrf;wifjyD; aemufwpfae heHeufapmapmwGif axG;axG;u tazmfpyfojzifh cifcsdKwdk honf
ausmif;udk wpfywfywfjyD; avSsmufvmcJhjuonf/ ae hv,fcif;wGif tdrfjyef&ef tm;vHk; odrf;qnf;
jyifqifxm;jyD; jzpfonf/ wu,fcGJju&awmhrnf qkdawmhvnf; oufrJhausmif;juD;udkyif rcGJcsif? rcGmcsif?
oHa,mZOf trSsifwef; rdavonf/
]ajcmufeSpfqdkwJhtcsdefymm 1mmrSrjum1ml;? ukefoGm;vdkufwmaemf? junfhprf; cifcsdK? axG;axG;wdk h
ausmif;a&mufpu ajrrSm yk0yfaewJh ca&yifav;awG? junfhygOD; jrifhvSjyDaemf? axG;axG;wdk hvJ touf
ajcmufeSpfawmif juD;vmjujyD}

98
 rpE´m

ca&&Gufpdrf;pdrf;av;rsm;udk w,kw, yGwfoyf&if; axG;axG;onf cyfaqG;aqG;av; ajymonf/

ajcmufeSpfqdkaom tcsdefonf jzKwfceJ ukefoGm;cJhayjyD/ cifcsdKwkd hvnf; vli,fouf ukefqHk;jyD; vljuD;ydkif;
0ifa&mufvmjyDrdk hat;jrjravudk w0&SLjyD; tm;opf pkxm;rdonf/ cifcsdKwdk hq&mjuD; OD;a&Taumh tajym
t&rl 1m0 pmrsufeSm topfwpf&Guf vSefju&awmhrnf jzpfonf/
cifcsdKwdk honf ca&yifvrf;rS arwåmaygif;ul;wHwm;1mufodk hauG hvmcJhjuonf/ taqmif (1)eSifh
(2)udk qufoG,fxm;aom wHwm;av; eSpfcktv,fwGif a&uef0kdif;av;eSifh &GufvSyif pdrf;pdrf;rsm;
jzma0aeonf/ ausmif;juD;wpfausmif;vHk; cifcsdKwdk heSpfOD;u vGJí ouf&Sdowå0gyif r&Sdoa,mif jidrfvS
wdwfvSonf/ arwåmaygif;ul;a&uefav;wGif 0dk;w0g; vSKyf&Sm;aeaom udk,fht&dyfudk udk,fiHk hjunfh&if;
jidrfaerdjuonf/ a&uefxJwGif trSdKufrsm;usjyD; zm;avmif;aumif taoav;rsm; aygavmarsmaeonf/
cifcsdK wwd,eSpfwkef;url vl&Sif;vSsif a&uefxJrS zm;wpfydkif; ig;wpfydkif;av;rsm;udk vuf0g;eSifhtkyfum
zrf;jrJ jzpfonf/ vufxJwGif wjzKwfjzKwfckefum ymdk'Dwkd;a0S haeaom zm;avmif;uav;rsm;eSifh upm;&
onfrSm eSpfjcKdufzG,faumif;vSavonf/ ckawmh zm;aoav;rsm;udk awGawGa0a0junfh&if; ukefvGefcJhaom
tcsdefrsm;udk jyefvnf awG;aerdonf/ i,f1m0udk wrf;wrf;ww jyefvnfawG;&aom vljuD;1m0udk
tpjyKvmjyD xifonf/
&GufvS&GufeDeDav;wpf&Gufudk tzsm;aumhum a&xJcsvdkufonf/ &GufavSeDeDav;ozG,f avwdkuf
&m 1mufodk h0JvSnfhí arsmaeavonf/ a&wGiful;cwfaeaom zm;avmif;av;rsm;u olwkd hqD avSuav;
OD;wnfvmvSsif &SJceJ csJum a0;&modk hul;ajy;wwfjuonf/
]emewfavSsmfyifaygufuav; wpfyifavmufawmh trSwfw& ,loGm;tHk;r,f? ol htyifyHkpHudk
axG;axG; odyfjudkufw,fyJ}
axG;axG;onf yifrjuD;rS jzmxGufaeaom tyifaygufuav;wpfckudk qGJekwfaeonf/
emewfyifozG,f t&GufcGsefrsm; um;aeaom uEÅm&yifrsdK; jzpfonf/ t&GufcGsefrsm; xdyfwGif cGsefjraeaom
ql;rmrmrsm; &Sdao;onf/ pl;vdkufvSsif wjznf;jznf; tqdyfwufvmum roufrom cH&wwfonf/
a1m;zufodk hjzmum axmifxGufaeaom t&Gufrsm;onf vSawmh tawmfvSavonf/ ]av,mOfysufusjyD;
avxD;eJ hqif;vmwJhvl emewfavSsmfyifay:us&ifawmh 'ku© } ymk a0a0onf tonf;w,m;,m;eSifh
ykcHk;wGef hum ajymzl;onf/ ywfywfvnf ql;cGsefrmrmrsm; &Hxm;aom tyifay:odk husygu aqGrsdK;
arhoGm;rnfvnf; trSefyif/
axG;axG;vufxJodk htyifaygufav;wpfyif uGswfygvmaomtcg cifcsdKwdk hvnf; qufjyD; avSsmuf
cJhjuonf/ &lyaA'XmeteD;u avSum;tkwfcHkwGif wpfOD;wnf;xdkifaeaom udk&ifarmifudk awG haomtcg
cifcsdKa&m axG;axG;yg ajcvSrf;wHk hoGm;juonf/ ,ckvdk eHeufapmapm wGif cifcsdKwdk huvGJjyD; rnfolrSs
ausmif;1mufvmvddrfhrnfymk xifrxm;aomajumifh jzpfonf/
]wpfa,mufwnf; 1mmawG awG;aewmvJ? 1mmawG aqG;aewmvJ}
]vlwpfck ylrSK&,fwJh taxGaxGqdkwm jum;zl;w,f rymkwfvm;Asm}
axG;axG;uar;aomtcg udk&ifarmifonf ezl;ay:0Jusaeaom qHyifrsm;udk oyfwif&if; cyfjyHK;jyHK;
av; ajymonf/ udk&ifarmifonf ydefoGm;ojzifh ydkjyD; t&yfjrifhvmoa,mif xif&onf/ pmar;yGJjyD;í
ppfwrf;wifjyD;vSsif ae&yfjyefedkifjyD jzpfaomfvnf; tcsdK hausmif;om;rsm; onfatmifpm&if; apmifhjyD;rS
jyefwwfjuonf/ udk&ifarmifvnf; atmifpm&if;apmifhaeymef &Sdonf/

99
 *sDa[mol

]wdkufwdkufqdkifqdkifAsm? uGsefawmfrae hurS odw,f? a0a0htareJ huGsefawmfhtareJ hi,foli,fcsif;

awGwJh}
cifcsdK h&ifxJwGif 'def;ceJ jzpfoGm;onf/ r&Tifvef;aom ol hrsufeSmudk pdk;&drfwjuD; junfhrdavonf/
a0a0eSifh udk&ifarmifwkd h\ jyóemonf tpysdK;vmayjyDymk xdwfvef hpGm awG;aerdonf/ vljuD;tcsif;
csif; cifrifjujcif;onf wpfcgwpf&H vli,fwdk htm; uoduatmuf jzpfapwwfjuonf/
]ymkwfvm; a0a0vJ ajymzl;w,fxifw,f}
]ymm a0a0u e*dkxJu odw,fvm;}
udk&ifarmifonf cifcsdK hudk tuJcwfovdk junfhaeavonf/cifcsdKua,mifuef;uef;eSifh acgif;ndwf
jyaomtcg udk&ifarmifonf tkwfavSum;udk tm;avsmhpGm rSDcsvdkufonf/
wEGJ hEGJ hnGwfaeaom pdefyef;jym&Guf pdyfpdyfav;rsm;udk ai;junfhaeonfh udk&ifarmif\ rsufvHk;
tpHkonf &Da0aeavonf/
]&Sif;&Sif;yJ ajymjuygpdk hudk&ifarmif&,f? a0a0hudk tdrfu oa1mmwlayr,fh ndKaxG;udkyJ cspfw,f
rymkwfvm;}
cifcsdKu 'Jh'dk;juD; ajymcsvdkufaomtcg udk&ifarmifonf qwfceJ wkefoGm;um cifcsdK hudk pdkufjunfh
aeavonf/ cifcsdKvnf; 1mmjzpfvdk hajymvdkufrdonfudk udk,fhudkudk,fyif pOf;pm;í r&acs/ w&m;oljuD;u
'g&dkufwm0ifvkyfaom Zmwfvrf;onf Zmwfodrf;aumif;ygapymlíomwdwfwcdk; judwfjyD;qkawmif;rdonf/
]cifcsdKu tukefodaewmudk;}
udk&ifarmif\ rsufeSmonf eDaejyD; oufjyif;wpfcsuf csvdkufonf/ a1m;wGif &yfaeaom axG;axG;
onf 1mmrS em;rvnf1mJ yg;pyfuav;ymvsuf wtHhwjo jzpfaeavonf/
]ndKaxG;ymm uGsefawmhfwpfoufeJ hwpfudk,f yxrqHk; eSpfeSpfumum cspfrdwJh rdef;uav;ygAsm?
aemif wpfjcm;wpfa,mufudk cspfzkd hqdkwm vG,fedkifyghrvm;}
udk&ifarmifu aqG;aqG;jrnfhjrnfh ajymaomtcg ajzodrfhpum;udk cifcsdK rajymedkifcJhacs/ rsufvHk;
jyL;vdkuf ar;aighvkdufeSifh toHwdwf ar;cGef;awG xkwfaeaom axG;axG;\ vufudkom ememqkyfjyD;
jidrfaerdonf/ rdndKaxG; rmetdk;uav;\ ymefaqmifrSK wHwdkif;juD; jydKaomae hudkom wrf;wrdavonf/
]a0a0hudkawmh uGsefawmfu i,fajumuf}
udk&ifarmifonf rcsdjyHK; jyHK;&if; ajymonf/ ykqdk;juD;awG zwfvwf zwfvwfeSifh rdef;uav;
aqmifrS acG;ajy;0ufajy; ajy;&avatmif rpxm;aom a0a0hudk juif,moufxm;awmf&ef ta&;awG;yif
awG;0Hh&Smymef rwlacs/ cifcsdKvnf; olwdk htjzpfudk pOf;pm;jyD; pdwfnpfonfhtxJrS &,frdao;onf/
cifcsdKwdk hoHk;OD; taqmif1mufodk hwdwfwdwfqdwfqdwfyif jyefcJhjuonf/ udk&ifarmifeSifh vrf;cGJonfeSifh
axG;axG;onf ar;cGef;awG w&pyf ar;avawmhonf/

100
 rpE´m

vufzufopömpl;vSsifvnf; pl;ygapawmh? cifcsdKonf a&S;oa&mtcg vSvnf;vS? rmevnf;

juD;aom *sDaymmol ndKaxG;eSifh udk&ifarmif qkdao cGususvlwdk h&Sdjuavownf;ymlonfu tpjyKjyD;
ajym&avonf/
axG;axG;onf wpfcsdefvHk;jidrfvsuf em;axmifaeonf/ yHkjyifqHk;aomtcg &ifxJwGif wif;juyf
aeovdk toufjyif;jyif; &SLavonf/
xkdaemuf ]'DyGJrSm ndKaxG;om rmercH&if aysmfp&m jzpfoGm;rSm} ymk rSwfcsufcsavonf/ rmeqdk
awmifvdk armufaom ndKaxG;ymlonfh rdef;uav; jum;apcsifygonf/

***

101
 *sDa[mol

(26)
cifcsdKa&-
rmeqkdwm 1m,fae&mu uyfjyD; ygvmcJhwmvJymif? cifcsdKajymovdk ndKaxG; rmejuD; vGef;ovm;?
udk,fhudkudk,fawmh rodwmtrSefygyJ? t&SHK;ray;csifwJhpdwfymm rmeqdk&ifawmh ndKaxG; rmejuD;cJhw,fvdk h
ajym&rSmaygh/
rxifwmawGymm jzpfvmwwfw,faemf? ndKaxG;udk tcktdrfu edkifiHjcm;jyefwpfa,mufeJ h aphpyfcsif
aew,f? t&ifuwnf;u armifeSrvdk cifvmcJhjuwJholygyJ? ararwdk huawmh ajymygw,f? orD;oa1mm
rwl&if twif;rvkyfyg1ml;wJh? orD;rSm cspfol&Sd&ifvJ ajymygwJh? cifcsdK&,f ndKaxG;1mmvkyf&rvJ? wpfcg
wpfav wpfa&;edk;&if ndKaxG; rsuf&nfawG usaew,f/ cifcsdK hudkawmh ndKaxG; r&Sufyg1ml;? olrsm;
tonf;cJGcJhwJhae&mrSm ndKaxG;&J h tonf;udk &if;cJhwm ndKaxG; tckrS em;vnfw,f? cifcsdKajymovdk
r0gvJ &SHK;? udk&ifarmifvJ &SHK;? ndKaxG;vJ &SHK;wJh &SHK;yGJjuD;ygyJ cifcsdK&,f/
aymh...cifcsdK
a0a0awmh a*smufaygufwdk;aejyD/ udk&ifarmifqdkwJh iwduvJ pmar;yGJatmif&if a&Smifaewm
rymkwf1ml;/ tdrfjyefvmawmh 'DrSm a,mu©rjuD;awGu crnf;cruf awmzdk h pdkif;jyif;aejuav&J h/ om;wdk h
orD;wdk hrSm cspfol&nf;pm;r&Sdju&if rd1mpDpOfwm jiif;zkd hroifhyg1ml;wJh? tvum; iwHk; udk&ifarmif?
ndKaxG;udkvJ pGHatmif rydk;edkif1ml;? a0a0uvJ csmvdkufwm? ajcmufeSpfvHk;vHk; ausmif;aejyD; &nf;pm;xm;zkd h
arhvmcJhw,f? &nf;pm;r&Sdwdkif; olwdk h ay;pm;wm ,l&rSmvm; cifcsdK&m? vljuD;awGu w&m;jyvdk hvJ
r&1ml;? ynmay;vdk h vJ r&1ml;/ ckcsdefawmh 'o*D&dvmcdk;vJ a0a0awmh vdkufajy;rSmyJ? tymkwf
pdwfnpfwm/
cifcsdK-
cspfjcif; arwåmqdkwm vkyf,lvdk hr&1ml;qdkwm vljuD;awGu em;rvnfju1ml;Asm? ]twwfoifap?
ay;a0eSD;&if;? xdrf;jrm;jcif;vSsif? 0wfig;tif} qdkwJh rd1m0wfawGGudk &GwfjyD; wGifwGifjuD; em;csjuwmyJAsm/
a0a0hcrsmvJ &SHK hrJhaewmyJAsm? ndKaxG;udk &atmif rydk;cJh&aumif;vm;vdk h ae hpOfeJ htrSs &efaxmifaewmyJ/
ndKaxG;udkyJ owd&aew,fAsm? oluawmh aysmfaerSmayghaemf? uGsefawmfeJ ha0;&m a&mufjyD; rawG h rjrif&
awmh1ml; qdkawmh pdwfcsrf;omr,f xifyg&J h/
ndKaxG;? a0a0eSifh udk&ifarmifqDrS pmoHk;apmifonf cifcsdKqDodk ha&S hqifhaemufqifh a&mufvmju
onf/ olwdk hpmrsm;udk zwf&if; cifcsdK hacgif;xJwGif qla0aeonf/ pmar;yGJatmifpm&if; xGufaomtcg
tm;vHk;avSsmavSsm&SL&SLyif atmifjrifjuonf/ tdrfjyefa&mufjyD; twdk;csZdrf,laeojzifh oli,fcsif;rsm;eSifh
tquftoG,f rvkyfrdcJhacs/ ausmif;pmoifcef;udka&m? ausmif;ywf0ef;usifudkyg acwåarhxm;jyD; tdyf&m
wGifom arsmaerdonf/ pmoHk;apmifonf cifcsdK hudk jyóemxJodk hqGJac:vdkufonf/ zwfvufp 0w¬Krsm;
udk a1m;csjyD; ai;idkifaerdonf/

102
 rpE´m

]r0gwdk hvJ &SHK;w,f? udk&ifarmifvJ &SHK;w,f? ndKaxG;vJ &SHK;w,f? tm;vHk;&SHK;juwJh &SHK;yGJjuD;ygyJ

cifcsdK&,f} ymlaom ndKaxG;\ toHudk jum;a,mifvmaomtcg cifcsdKonf pGef hpm;rSKwpfckudk jyKvdkufrd
onf/
ndKaxG;qDudk pmjyefrnfymk pOf;pm;ae&mrS azmifwdeftzHk;ukd ydwfvdkufrdonf/ a0a0eSifh udk&ifarmif
wkd h\ pmeSpfapmifudk jyefacgufum pmtdwfxJ twljyefxnfhum ndKaxG; vdyfpmwyfjyD; ydk hvdkufonf/
ndKaxG;\pmudkrl udk&ifarmifhqDodk hydk hay;vdkufonf/
rSm;rvm; rSefrvm;awmh cifcdsK &J&Jyif rawG;0Hhacs/ rSm;vSsif tukefvHk; tvl;tvJ cHju&rnf
jzpf\/ cifcsdKvnf; w&m;cHvHk;vHk; jzpfoGm;rnf jzpfonf/ rSefvSsifrl tm;vHk; aysmfju? &Tifju?
&,farmju&ayrnf/ cifcsdKonfvnf; aus;Zl;&Sif1m0odk hae hcsif; ncsif; ul;ajymif;oGm;rnf jzpfonf/
rnfolurSs aus;Zl;rwif1mJ arhxm;vdkuvnf; arhxm;edkifygonf/ olwkd hwawG Zmwfodrf;aumif;vSsif
cifcsdK auseyfygjyD/ Zmwfodrf;raumif;1mJ 1mDvl;uawG xGufukefyguvnf; cifcsdKwpfoufvHk; pdwfaumif;
ekdifawmhrnf rymkwfygacs/
]rdcsddKa&? vmjunfhprf;? oufwef hjuD; oufwef hjuD;}
cifcsdK\tpfudkonff tdrfa&S hjcHxJrS atmfac:aeonf/ rdk;&GmjyD;prdk htdrfa&S hu ajreDvrf;av; onf
odyfodyfonf;onf; jzpfum ajroif;eH hjudkifaeonf/
rdk;ukwfpuf0kdif; wpfzufqDrS ay:xGufvmaom oufwef heSpfckonf wjznf;jznf; jrifhwufvmum
tv,fwGif pkqHk&ef t&Sdef,laeavonf/ junfh&if; junfh&if; wjznf;jznf; xif&Sm;vmum aumif;uif
v,fwGif qufrdoGm;aom oufwef hauG;auG; juD;onf junfhrjiD;ekdifatmif vSyaeonf/ oufwef
haemufcHxm;jyD; azG;azG;jzLaeaom AdsKif;wpftkyfonf jrpfjyifus,f1mufodk h ysHoGm;ju onf/ AdsKif;rsm;udk
wpfaumifeSpfaumif ponfjzifh tjrefvdkufí a&wGufjunfhonf/ ajcaxmufjuD;rsm; qef hum
v,fuGif;1mufodk hwpfcsdK hwpf0uf qif;oufukefjuojzifh ra&rwGuf edkifawmh1mJ a&maxG;ukef avonf/
]rdcsdK 1mGJ h,l&if qHxHk;eJ h,lrSmvm;? OD;xkyfaqmif;rSmvm;}
tpfudkvwfonf tquftpyfr&Sd1mJ ar;avonf/ 1mGJ h,lcgeD; rdef;uav;wdkif; qHxHk;eSifh OD;xkyf
jyóemay:wwfonfhtwGuf ol hnDr ykcsmcsm uav;vnf; qHxHk;xHk;rvm;? OD;xkyfaqmif;rvm; odcsif
ymef wlonf/
]csddK hrsufeSmu qHxHk;eJ hrvdkuf1ml;}
]1m,folajymwHk;}
]xifwmyJav}
]ymm; ymm; OD;xkyfaqmif;awmh ausmufoifykef;av; tjym;vdkuf &Gufxm;wmeJ hwlrSm? 0wf&HkjuD;
uvJ aemufzufrSm tdwfjuD;eJ h? uav;wpfa,muf xnfhvG,fvdk h&w,f ymm; ymm; ymm;}
rcHcsd rcHomjzpfaeaom cifcsdK hudk junfh&if; ymufymufyufyuf &,faeavonf/

***

103
 *sDa[mol

(27)

]ymm; rd&m eift&yfykykav;eJ hOD;xkyfaqmif;awmh ajrjuD;xJ 0yfqif;oGm;rSmaygh? ymm; ymm; tdrfrSm

1mmawG pm;vmovJ ymm? 0vdkufwm vHk;vdk h}
axG;axG;onf rdudk junfhjyD; w0g;0g; &,faeonf/ wpfa,mufeSifh wpfa,muf 0rf;omtm;&
atmfju? ac:jueSifh 1mGJ heSif;o1mifcef;rjuD;a&S hwGif qlnHaeonf/
1mGJ hr,lrD wpf&ufwGif cifcsdKwdk htm;vHk; tprf;avhhusihf&ef vmju&onf/ oHk;av;v uGJuGm
aeaom oli,fcsif;rsm; jyefvnfpkqHk&ojzifh jyHK;&Tif &,farmoHrsm; eSKufqufoHrsm;eSifh qlnHaeavonf/
]ymm; rdaxG;axG;uvJ a'gufzdeyfjuD;pD;vdk h}
a'gufzdeyfpD;xm;aom axG;axG;udk junfhjyD; rduvnf; &,faeonf/ rnfol hudkjunfhvdkuf
junfhvdkuf rdwfaymmif; aqGaymmif;rsm;rdk hcifcsdKawmh &ifxJwGif aEG;aeonf/ rrcifonf tvkyfr&ao;
onfhtwGuf jiD;aeonf/ r0geSihf rdurl wpfa,mufjrdK hudk wpfa,mufwpfvJpD vdkufvnfaejuonfymk
qkdonf/ cyfvSrf;vSrf;wGif Apfwmudk rsufrSefjuD;w0if;0if;eSifh awG h&onf/ Apfwmha1m;wGif 'o*D&dudk
vnf; uifr&mjuD; vG,fvsufom; awG h&onf/ wkdufyHkteufeSifh xl;xl;jcm;jcm; £ajE´&aeonf/
jrefrmqefqefeSifh junfhaumif;aeonf/
]aym; aus;Zl;&SifjuD;a&}
a0a0onf oa1mFmr,fZvDyifjuD;atmufwGif &yfvsuf ai;aeaom cifcdsK hcg;udk zufvdkufonf/
a&arT;roHk;pzl; oHk;xm;ymef &Sdaom a0a0hqDrS a&arT;eH hoif;ysH hysH hav;udk &SL&dSKuf&onf/ yg;eDudk
rodromav; qdk;xm;onfukd cifcsdK owdjyKrdonf/ yef;&ifha&mif eSKwfcrf;qdk;aq; qdk;xm;aom
a0a0heSKwfcrf;av;rsm;onf wif;jyD; ekpdkaeonf/ a0a0hrsufeSmav;onf ,ckrS yGifhvmaom yef;uav;vdk
ekysdKvSyvSavonf/
]tHr,f tHrav; rda0a0 vlawG 1mmawGudk rSm;vdk h? ihg oli,fcsif; w,fvS w,facsm}
r0gonf a0a0hudk junfhum atmfavawmhonf/ a0a0onf tvSomjyifxm;aomfvnf; ol h
udk,fydkifrsufeSm &,fusJusJav;udkrl razsmufedkif&Smacs/ acgif;udk ukwf&if; raewwfovdk tymJceJ
&,foGrf;aoG;avonf/
]tqifajyw,f cifcsdKa& odvm;? 'Dwpfcgawmh udk&ifarmifuvJ ajcoGufvmjyD;? ndKaxG;uvJ
odyfrrlawmh1ml; xifw,f}

104
 rpE´m

cef;raqmifxJ wef;pD0ifvmju&if; a0a0onf cifcsdK hem;uyfum uref;uwef; ajymoGm;onf/

tptqHk; ar;csifaomfvnf; wpfa,mufwpfae&mpD xdkifae&onfrdk h rar;ekdif rajymedkif? cifcsdKvnf; zef h
wief hief hjzpfae&onf/
udk&ifarmifa&m ndKaxG;yg tprf;avhusifhyGJodk hrvmjuacs/ ta0;a&muf1mGJ hrsm; ,ljuavrnfvm;
ymk cifcsdKpdwfylrdao;onf/ olwkd hrsufvTmrsm;udk cifcsdKtuJcwfcsifonf/ jrifcsifonf/ awG hcsifonf/
tm;&yg;& pum;ajymcsifao;onf/
odk haomfvnf; olwdk hudk acgif;xJwGif jumjumxnfhrxm;edkifacs/ udk,fudk,fwkdif 1mGJ h,lzdk h jyif&if;
qif&if; arh&jyefavonf/ cifcsdK hudk azazu jrefrmqefqef qHxHk;xHk;apcsifavonf/ qHxkH;xHk;ívSvSsif
udpör&Sd? rvSryeSifhqdkvSsif xl;xl;jcm;jcm; jznf;pyfpyfeSifh vlysufxGufovdk jzpfaernfudk pdk;&drfaomajumifh
jzpf\/
0wf&HkjuD; 0wfvdkufjyefaomtcg wu,fhudk &Snfzm;zm;eSifh 0efjuD;u u&awmhrvkd jzpfaeonf/
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105
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106
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rpE´m

107