onfaqmif;a[ref

okc

pm&dkufwifqufol
aygifaygif ( _refrmusL;ypfzdk&rf )

2
 xkwfa0ol\trSmpm

]]onfaqmif;a[ref}} [laom ½kyf½Sifum;\trnfonf 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD;

NyD;ptcsdef vGefcJhaomESpfaygif; 50 cefYu jrefrmjynfwpfeHwpfvsm; vlBuD;
vli,f usm;r ra½G; &ifxJü woojzpfaecJh&aom trnfjzpfonf[k
qdkygvQif ,if;tcsdefukd odrDvdkufMuolrsm;u wpfnDwpfnmwnf; axmufcH
Murnf jzpfygonf/ xdkpOfu ausmif;ae onfht½G,fyifra&mufao;aom?
,if;Zmwfum;ukdMunfhzl;onfqdkapOD; rnfokdYrS rrSwfrdEdkifaom uRefawmfwdkY
t½G,f rsm;Mum;wGifyif ]onfaqmif;a[ref} [laom a0g[m&ukd Mum;&½HkESihf
&if;ESD;pGmwoo jzpfae&onftxd tqdkyg Zmwfum;\ t½Sdeft0gonf
BuD;rm;vSygonf/
onfaqmif;a[ref Zmwfvrf;onf jrefrmy&dowf\ tonf;ESvHk;ukd
pl;pl;½S½S xdk;azmufEkdifaom Zmwfvrf; jzpfjcif;? Zmwfaumifrsm; txl;ojzihf
(OD;)ausmfaqG\ o½kyfaqmifrIrSm tvGefykdifEkdifjcif;? 'g½kdufwm (OD;)okc\
½kdufcsufrsm; qef;opfxdrdjcif;wdkYaMumifh tvGefatmifjrifaom Zmwfum;
jzpfcJhaMumif; rSwfom;&ygonf/
q&mBuD; OD;okc\tqdkt& ol½kdufcJhaom ½kyf½Sifum;rsmxJwGif jyuGufESihf
um;quftaumif;qHk;onf b,folNydKifívSygawmhEkdif? ZmwfñTef;taumif;
qHk;onf pum;ajymaomtonf;ESvHk;jzpfum ½kdufcsufESihf wDxGifrIwGif
tm;t&qHk;rSm onfaqmif;a[refjzpfaMumif; od&ygonf/
þrQ bufpHkqdkoavmuf yg0ifzefwD;o½kyfaqmifcJholrsm;uvnf; pdwfwdkif;
usjzpfcJh? tEkynmt&vnf; atmifjrif? y&dowfuvnf; wpfcJeuf
BudKufESpfoufcJhMuaom onfaqmif;a[ref½kyf½Sifukd uRefawmfwdkY rnfonfh
enf;ESihfrQ MunfhcGihfr&Edkifawmhyg/ acwfo½kyfaqmifrsm;ESihf jyefvnfzefwD;

3
rnfqdkvQifvnf; rl&if;ukd rD&efrSm rjzpfEdkifoavmuf cJ,Of;onf[k
qdkcsifygonf/
½kyf½Sif\t&omukd jyefvnfjrnf;prf;cGihfr&vQif ½kyf½Sif\ rl&if;0w¬Kukd
jyefvnfazmfxkwfEdkifygu onfaqmif;a[refESihfywfoufaom ]csOfjcif;}onf
tawmftwefajyaysmufEkdifaumif;\[k pdwful;&NyD; rl&if;0w¬Kukd xkwfa0
&ef q&mBuD; OD;okcESihf wdkifyifygonf/
q&mBuD;\ajymjycsuft& onfaqmif;a[ref0w¬Kukd ppfrjzpfrDu wdk;wuf
a&;owif;pmü tcef;qufa&;om;cJhonf[kqdkygonf/ ol&d, owif;pmü
q&mZ0e\ aumvdyfausmif;om;0w¬K tcef;qufazmfjyonfESihf wpfcsdef
wnf;avmufwGif wdk;wufa&;ü ygcJhygonf/ owif;pmwGif azmfjyNyD;aemuf
vHk;csif;0w¬Ktjzpfxkwfa0&ef a&ausmf½Sd yHkESdyfwkdufwpfckü yHkESdyfaeqJ
,if;taqmuftOD;rD;avmif&m q&mBuD;OD;okcukd,fwdkif oufpGefYqHzsm;
0ifa&mufí pmrlukd &,lcJh&onf[k od&ygonf/
,ck jyefvnfxkwfa0&ef onfaqmif;a[refpmrlukd ½Smaomtcg 1953
ckESpfwGif ½Ir0wkdufu xkwfa0onfhrlukd &ygonf/ ½Ir0rlukd ,lí xkwfa0
&efpDpOfaomtcg rl&if;0w¬KESihf ½kyf½SifwdkYukd zefwD;pOfu jzpfay:cJhaom
]tzktxpf} wpfck jyefay:vmygonf/ onfaqmif;a[refukd a&;om;
½kduful;cJhaomtcsdefonf ,ckacwfuJhokdY usef;rma&;todynmay;rI rysHUESHU
rxda&mufao;aomtcsdefjzpfí Zmwfvrf;xJwGif usef;rma&;ESihf ywfoufí
vGJrSm;aom tcsufwpfck r&nf½G,fbJ ygoGm;cJhygonf/ umr*kPf
taysmftyg;vdkufpm;í rdef;rrI ayGvQif temBuD;a&m*gjzpfonf[k xdkacwf
xdktcsdefu jynfoltawmfrsm;rsm; vGJrSm;pGmem;vnfcJhMuonfhtwdkif;
q&mBuD;OD;okcuvnf; t"duZmwfvdkuf ]odef;[ef} t&uf\aus;uRefjzpf?
rdef;rayG&mrS temBuD;a&m*g&onf[k ZmwfuGufqifcJhrdygonf/ ,ck

4
jyefvnfxkwfa0aomtcgwGif tqdkygvGJrSm;aom usef;rma&;t,ltqukd
rl&if;Zmwfvrf;ukd rxdcdkufapbJjyifqif&ef q&mBuD;OD;okcu qE´½Sdaomf
vnf; tjriftm½Hkenf;aeNyDjzpfí ukd,fwkdifjyefvnfa&;om;&ef rvG,f
awmhyg/ odkYjzpfí q&mBuD;\tmabmfukd twwfEdkifqHk; rDatmif a&;om;
Ekdifolvnf;jzpf? q&mBuD;\ ukd;pm;rIukd cH,l&olvnf; jzpfaom q&mr
rpE´m\ tultnDukd &,lí vdktyfaomtykdif;rsm;ukd jyefvnfjznfhpGuf
a&;om;ygonf/ rpE´m jyefvnfjyifqifaomtykdif;rsm;wGif aq;ynm
½IaxmifhrS rSefuefwdusrI ½Sdonfxuf ½Sdap&ef usef;rm a&;OD;pD;Xme?
'kwd,ñTefMum;a&;rSL; ( temBuD; ) a'gufwm OD;ausmfñGefYpdef u
wnf;jzwfay;ygonf/
,ckuJhokdY onfaqmif;a[ref0w¬Kukd jyefvnf xkwfa0&mü q&mBuD;
OD;okcESihf ñSdEIdif;í rl&if;Zmwfvrf;ukd rxdcdkufapbJ jyifqifa&;om;ay;ol
rpE´m?
aq;ynmtcsuftvufrsm; rSefuefwdusrI½Sdap&ef tBuHay;Muaom -

· a'gufwm OD;ausmfvGif? 'kwd,ñTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyf ( Nidrf; )?

usef;rma&;OD;pD;Xme? urÇmYusef;rma&;tzJUG tBuHay;yk*¾dKvf?
· a'gufwmOD;armifarmifBuD;?
a&eYHomtemBuD;a&m*gtxl;ukaq;½HktkyfBuD; ( Nidrf; )?
urÇmYusef;rma&;tzJGUtBuHay;yk*¾dKvf?
· a'gufwmOD;wifjrihf? 'kwd,ñTefMum;a&;rSL; ( Nidrf; )?
usef;rma&;OD;pD;Xme? urÇmYusef;rma&;tzJGUtBuHay;yk*¾dKvf?
· a'gufwmOD;ausmfñGefYpdef?
jrefrmEdkifiHtemBuD;a&m*guif;a0;a&;pDrHcsufrefae*smESihf
'kwd,ñTefMum;a&;rSL; ( temBuD; ) usef;rma&;OD;pD;Xme wdkYtjyif

5
apwemtjynfht0jzihf vdktyfaomtBuHÓPfrsm;ukday;cJhaom yef;csD OD;pHwdk;
ESihf oufqdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; txl; aus;Zl;wifygaMumif; azmfjytyf
ygonf/

ausmfOD;
yg&rDpmay

6
 tcef; (1)

tjzLig;q,fhESpfuGuf
teufoHk;q,fhajcmufacsmif;?
pE´,m;cvkyfaygif; ½Spfq,fh½Spfukd typftcwf twJGtzuf? t,uftaumf?
tac:tjznfh? xdvdkuf wdkYvdkuf ckefvdkuf ysHvdkufESihf jrL;xl;um ul;vl;
aeMuaom odef;[ef\ vufacsmif;wdkYrSm wuúodkvfcef;r BuD;ESihftjynfh
aomw½Sifrsm;xH *DwrIdif;vTwfaeavonf/
tdyfarGUpdwfynm0dZÆmwdkY\ vIyfvIyf½G½Gvkyfaeaom vufrsm;um; tm½Hkpdkuf
aeol wpfzufom;udk xdkif;rIdif; av;vHvmapoavmuf pE´,m;0dZÆm
odef;[ef\vufacsmif;rsm;uawmh wpfzufom;ukd MunfEl;½Tifysaponf/
wpfenf;ESihfEIdif;&aomf pdwfyg&*l\ yihfuluJhokdYaom vufacsmif;rsm;rSm
jrif&oltzdkY aMumufp&m? vefYp&m? rsufvHk;jyL;p&mjzpfonf/ odef;[ef\
zswfvwfaom pE´,m;ay:u vufuav;rsm;uawmh cspfp&m? tm;usp&m?
csD;usL;p&m rsufvHk;arS;íom emr&J½SdvSonf/ ñSKdU"gwfcsif;wlonfxm;?
tdyfarGU0dZÆmonf wpfOD;csif;ukdom ñSdKUEdkifrnf/ pE´,m;0dZÆmurl cef;vHk;jynfh
½SdorQvlawGudk tpkvdkuf ta0;vdkuf ñSdKUxm;vsuf½Sdonf/

7
odef;[ef\ pE´,m;vufoHrSm wdkYvdkuf xdvdkufaomae&mwdkif;u wl&d,m
jzpfaeonf/ vlwdkif;ukd ,pfrl;ap\/ wpfcgwpf&H nmoHuav;awGudk
cyfpdyfpdyfupm;ae&mu b,fbuf 'H;k vHk;BuD;awGqDodkY a0hum vSdrfhum
ul;vmvkdufvQif y&dowfrSm vIyfvIyf½G½GjzpfoGm;onftxd onf;tlukd uvd
vdkufonf/
em;axmifaeolwpfcsKdUrSm ukd,fhtem;uvlESihf NyHK;í rsufESmcsif;qkdifrd
wwfMuonf/ wpfOD;uvnf; jyefí NyHK;jyrdvsufom;jzpfoGm;onf/ olwdkY
tNyHK;rsm;rSm pum;vHk;rxGufaomfvnf; ESpfoufwmcsif;wlonfhoabmukd
jyonf/ csD;rGrf;jcif;teuft"dyÜg,fwlonf/ vlawG vlawGrsm;aomfvnf;
pE´,m;oHukdomtm½HkpdkufaeMuaomaMumihf aomaom½kwf½kwfr½Sd? yuwd
Nidrfoufai;armaeMuonf/ tcsif;csif;pum;qdkola0;í acsmif;[efYvdkufrd
rnfukdyif pdk;aeMuonf/ aq;vdyfaomuf&ef rD;jcpfuav; jcpfvdkuf&rnf
ukdyif ½GHUaeMuonf/ pifppfrlum; aq;vdyfaomufzdkYrS owdr&Mu?
ae&mr&í aemufqHk;eH&Hukduyfum rwfwyfMum;emae&onfh vlaygif;rsm;pGm
rSm anmif;nmírS ae&mrjyifrd? rdrdaMumihf taESmihft,Suf jzpfoGm;awmh
rvdkvdk aMumihfMurdMuonf/
cef;rpifjrihfBuD;ay:wGif Bwd*HyHko@mef pm;yJGpE´,m;BuD;ESihf xdkifwD;aeaom
odef;[efudkom rD;armif;u uGufíxdk;xm;aomaMumihf y&dowf\ rsufpdxJ
wGif tm½Hk tm&r®Pdu rjym;atmif uokdPf;uGufay;xm;ovdk ½Sdawmhonf/
pE´,m;topfBuD;\ eufajymifaeaom t&dyfta,mifonfvnf;aumif;?
armifodef;[ef\ ouúvyf tusÐteuf? ½SyftusÐaumfvmtjzL? befaumuf
cJykyfa&mifESihf awmufajymifaeaom oyf&yfonfh qHyifta&mifwdkYrSm
teufMum;u tjzL? tjzLMum;u teuf? 0if;ceJ vufceJ vQyfjyufovdk
jzpfí jzpfí oGm;onf/ odef;[ef\ vufESpfzufpvHk; tEkwftodrf;

8
tajymif;ta½TU oGufvufyHk? vufukdvdkufí ukd,fuygoGm;yHk? acgif;iJhyHkwkdYrSm
ydwfjzLay:wGif wifjyaom ½kyf½Sifum;ozG,f jywfjywfom;om; jrifae
Mu&onf/ þodkY [efa&mtoHyg Mum;jrifae& jcif;u ykdrdkí pdwfygvufyg
tm;&p&m½Sdonf/
odef;[efwD;aeonfrSm tqdkryg wpfudk,fcsif; wpfyifwkdif wD;í pnf;oH
uav;om b,fuay:vmrSef; rodaom wJGzufo'´g½Hkwpfckjzpfonf/
wD;yHkwD;enf;rSm oDcsif;BuD;wpfckwnf;ukd uvem;csí pdkufvdkufrwfwyf
wD;aejcif;rsKd;r[kwf/ wpfbmomwnf;jzpfvQif MumvGef;u em;tDwwfonf?
a&mihf&Japonf? NiD;aiGUEkdifonf/ þoabmw&m;ukdem;vnfaom odef;[ef
onf bmNyD;vQif b,f[mvmí b,fae&mu bmukd qufvdkufrnf[k
b,folrS twwfrodEdkifaom ya'omawGudkom zefwD;aejcif;jzpfonf/
oHrSefu ajcmufaygufa&mufcsifa&mufoGm;onf/ ajcmufaygufu ig;ayguf
jyefqif;csifqif;vmonf/ ig;aygufu ckepfoH wufwefwufoGm;onf/
toHajymif;orQrSm qDqdkif&m cJ&mcJqpf ywfysKd; ,dk;',m; wvkdif;aw;xyf
a&mpyfí pwkr"l vkyfvdkufao;onf/ þMum;xJu oHrlajymif;í teuf
acsmif;uav;awGukdupm;um urÇmYwl&d,moHawG oGif;vkdufao;onf/
xdkYaMumifh aES;&mu jrefcsifjrefvmonf/ jref&mu av;csifav;oGm;onf/
oH½dk;jrefrmyDyDukdrS pHkrufolawGtzdkY tqdkY? tydwf? tcHhtxnf <u,f<u,f
00oGif;jyvdkufovdk umvay: oHqef;uav;awGuvnf; tarmufuav;
wvlvl? EIwfcrf;eD yg;eD ZmEdkifvGefvufjywfESihf cyfqwfqwf vrf;ovm;
aom rdef;rysKdav;\ ajcvSrf;rsKd;vSrf;jyvkdufygao;onf/
wpfcgwpf&H ta½SUwdkif;qefaom w½kwf? *syef? ,dk;',m;oHrsm;ESihf
tdE´d,toHrsm; tpOftvdkuf ay:vm&mu taemufwpfcGifu toHpOfawGudk
ul;rSef;rod ul;oGm;wwfjyefonf/ ol\ pE´,m;vufoHonf urÇmukd

9
vSnfhvnf aeouJhodkYxif&onf/ olYvufoHrsm;ESihftwl Mum;emae&ol
taygif;rSmvnf; urÇmYyefwsm wpfwdkif;0ifwpfwdkif;xGuf wpfjynf0if
wpfjynfxGuf vSnfhvnfvdkufygae&ovdk½Sdawmhonf/ aemufqHk;qdk&aomf
armifodef;[efonf pE´,m; ukdomru vlxkukdyg jyKpm;aeaom
pE´,m;ua0BuD; jzpfaeawmhownf;/
y&dwfowfxJrS vlwdkif;vlwkdif; tcsdefumv rnfa½GUrnfrQ Mumjrihf
ukefvGefoGm;onfukd rnfolrQ rodvkdufMu/ oH&if;oHzsm;ukd a0SU,rf;um
em;vdkufawmhrS pE´,m;ya'om &yfem;vdkufonfudk owd&vkdufMuonf/
vlxk\vufckyfoHonf Zmwfwdkufxm;ovdk cef;rBuD;wpfckvHk; yGufavm
½dkufum yHwif[nf;oGm;avonf/

xdktcsdefwGif ...

xdktcsdefwGif wpfcef;vHk; rD;awGvif;vmonf/ pifjrihfay:wGif armif

odef;[efomru pE´,m;vuf0Jbuf cyfususrSm pm;yJGukvm;xdkif oHk;av;
vHk;ESihf tcrf;tem;rSL;? wl&d,mtoif;em,u ponfwdkYukd jrif&awmhonf/

vufckyfoHpJcgeD;avmufrS armifodef;[efxí acgif;ñGwfvkduf&m y&dowf

awGu aomaomnHatmif xyfíwD;vdkufMujyefonf/

cef;rpifjrifhESihf teD;qHk;jzpfaom a½SUwef;rsm;wGif rdef;uav;rsm; jynfhusyf

aeonf/ ausmif;olausmif;om;wdkYomr[kwf? *Dw0goemxHkaom t&yfol?
t&yfom; vlBuD;vlaumif;rsm;yg trsm;tjym;awGU&onf/ &[ef;ysKd
wpfodkufrSm vlxkESihfvkdufí vufckyfwD;rdMuao;onf/ þonfhaemufrS
owd&ovdk £a`E´qnfí &yfvdkufMuonf/

10
vufckyfoHawGMum;xJwGif roJuGJaomatmfoH? vufacgufrIwfoHawGvnf;
ygao;onf/ vlwdkif;vlwdkif;onf 0rf;omtm;& axmremMuonf/ aysmfp&m
BuD;wpfckvdkjzpfaeonf/

ta½SUbufcyfusus wwd,wef;avmufwGif toufav;q,fcefY 00zdkifhzdkifh

rGefrGef&nf&nf ta':BuD;wpfa,mufem;u jzLjzLazG;azG; a&aq;ig;wpfrQ
EkxGm;vSyaom rdef;rysKduav;rSmrlum; vufckyfwD;ae½HkESihfrQ tm;r&?
ukd,fuav; w<u<u ycHk;uav; wrr jzpfaeaomaMumifh olwumxuf
xl;ovdk½Sdawmhonf/ trsm;\ vufckyfoHpJoavmuf½Sdonfhwdkifatmif
xdkrdef;rysKduav;rSm olYvufz0g;EkEkuav;ukd tem;ray;Ekdifao;? aoG;jcnfO
í yef;qDEka&mifxoavmufyif ½Sdawmhrnf/

ywf0ef;usifu tcsKdUausmif;oluav;rsm;\ rsufapmif;onf ]uJ&efaum}

[lí qdkvdk[ef½Sdonf/ wpfa,mufESpfa,mufu vSnfhMunfh&if; rJhNyHK;uav;
NyHK;vdkufMuonf/ 'gawGukd rdef;rysKduav;urjrifvdkufrd/ olYrdcifESihfwlaom
ta':BuD;u waphwapmif;u jrifvdkuf&&m orD;ukd vufukwfí owday;
vkduf&onf/

rdef;rysKdav;um; wpfcPuav;MumrS oabmaygufoGm;onf/ odkYaomf

½Suf½GUHí twD;udk &yfqdkif;vkdufjcif;r½Sdyg/ pifjrihfay:u armifodef;[efonf
rdef;rysKduav;ESihf rsufESmcsif;qHkvdkufrdaomaMumihf txl;0daoojzpfatmif
NyHK;íEIwfqufvdkufovdkvdk vkyfjyvkdufav&m rdef;rysKduav;onf tem;u
rJhMuNyHK;MuolawGudk t½GJUwkdufí ]uJ odMuyvm;}[k ajymcsifovdk aighíyif
wD;vdkufygao;onf/

11
]]aus;Zl;wifygw,fcifAsm? aus;Zl;wifygw,f}}

em,upm;yJGrSxí tcrf;tem;rSL; vkvifysKdwpfa,mufuxvmí y&dowf

rsm;tm; tbd,mpuvkyfonf/

]]ararhom;ukdMunfhygOD;? *dkufu EkdifiHa&;orm;BuD;usaewmyJ}}

rdef;rysKduav;u olYrdcifukduyfí wdk;wdk;ajymum NyHK;vkdufonf/ rdcifBuD;u
olYom;udk ESpfvdkpGmMunfhaerdonf/

tdrfrSmawmh rdcifESihfESrudk EGJUwwf qdk;wwf ZGwfw½Gwfvkyfaewwfaom

olYom;onf ,ckvdk yJGBuD;vrf;BuD;usawmh wu,fhvlBuD;vlaumif;uJhodkY
wnfwnfcHhcHh ajymEkdifqdkEkdifonfukd txifBuD;vkdufrdavonf/

]],ckaemufqHk;tpDtpOft& 0dZÆmwef; yxrESpf ukdodef;[efukd pE´,m;

0dZÆmbJGU qkwHqdyf ay;tyfcsD;jr§ifh&ef jzpfygw,f/ wuúodkvf wl&d,m
*DwtzJGUBuD;&JU em,uBuD; *Dwrdcif oD&dO*¾g0wDbJGU& pmqdkawmf a':apmjr
at;Munf ukd,fwkdifcsD;jr§ihfygvdrfhr,fcifAsm? em,uBuD; <uawmfrlyg}}

vkvifysKdonf pm;yJGwGifxkdifaeaom toufajcmufq,fausmfausmf tbGm;

BuD; ½Sd&mukd vufa0SUí acgif;ñGwfum yihfzdwfvkdufonf/

vufckyfoHawG NcdrfhNcdrfhoJonfhtxJu ydefydefyg;yg; tr,ftdkonf pdwfysKd

vufysKdxum cyf&J&JyJGcif;em;odkYavQmufcJhonf/ us,fjyefYaomezl;onf
xl;uJaomyg&rD½SifwpfOD;\ t*Fg½kyfyDovsuf½Sdonf/ qHyifusKd;wdk;usJwJ
xJwGifum; abmfaiGrQifuav;rsm; oef;aeavNyD/

12
rdkYarmufaom rsufcHk;½dk;atmufu awmufajymif0if;vufaeonfh rsufvHk;
tpHkjzihf y&dwfowfcGifukd pl;pl;pdkufpdkufMunfhvkdufonfrSm aMumuf½GUHxdwfvefY
jcif;uif;rJhí olYynm? olY0g'ESihf olY*kPfukd ,HkMunfxm;[ef rmefwpfrsKd;
aygufaeonf/

ig;awmifausmf NcHKyk0gBuD;ukdpkHcsí yifeDtusÐ eHYoma&mif&ihf&ihf? yckuúL

*efYa*ga,mvHkcsnfteufukd 0wfxm;onf/ olYzdeyfrSmawmh uwåDyg
eufjyma&mif cHkrxlryg; rEÅav;ydef;wef;uav;omjzpfonf/ olYt0wftpm;
ESihf [efyeftrlt&mrSm jrefrmh½dk;&m usyfjynfhwif;jynfh½Sdonf/

]]apmjrat;Munf apmjrat;Munf}}

þtrnfrSm *Dwavmu wl&d,mavmuwGifomru t&yfavmu wpfcGif

vHk;rSm Mum;zl;em;0½SdaeMuNyD;jzpfonf/ emrnfukd Mum;zl;aeMuoavmuf
vludk,fwkdifukd rjrifzl;ao;aom y&dowftrsm;tjym;½Sdonf/ xdkYaMumifh
wpfcsKdUu xdkif&mrSxMunfhMuonf/ wpfcsKdUum; vnfwkdifukd qefYí
arQmfMu&onf/

touftdkNyDjzpfaomfvnf; emrnfrSm ysKdvsufyif½Sdao;onf/

]]a':apmjrat;Munf}} [k tac:enf;í ]]apmjrat;Munf}} [kom EIwfusKd;

aeMuonfrSm r½dkao rav;pm;í r[kwf? emrnfysKdEkvsufyif½Sdao;ojzihf
ac:aumif;í ac:aeMujcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;'um OD;bdk;pdefqdkvQif bdk;pdefBuD;
[kom vlxkEIwfrSmwGifaevsufyif r[kwfygavm? xkdenf;twdkif;
]]apmjrat;Munf}}/

13
wpfcgu *DwokckrtEkynmjzihf rdef;rwdkY\ txGwftxdyfwdkifatmif
a&mufcJhzl;onf/ oD&dO*¾g0wD [laombJGUrSm xdkpOfu jrwfEdk;tyfaom
bGJU*kPfwpfckjzpfonf/ pmqdkawmf[kac:&mü oDcsif;BuD;? oDcsif;cefYwdkYukd
qdk½HkrQomr[kwf? jrefrmhyefwsm jrefrmhwl&d,mtjrKawjzpfaom apmif;aumuf
udk &if0,fxm;í upm;Ekdifaom *kPf[dwfu twdwf\ ausmfaZmjcif;
avSum;qihfjzpfonf/ jrefrmhapmif;aumufukd jrefrmwdkif; wefzdk;tjynfh
xm;Muonf/ ya'o&mZfacwfuqdkvQif awmf0ifawmfoHk; uefYowfcJh
Muonf/ ]]ywåvm;vlav? yavGEGm;ausmif;? apmif;rSrif;om;}} [laom
tqdkawmfyif½SdMuonf/ eef;wGif;½SdorQ tEkynmpmqdkawmfESihf rdzk&m;rSeforQ
apmif;aumufESihfruif;cJhMu/

apmjrat;Munfonf ya'o&mZfacwfu aumif;wmukduGufí ,ckvufxuf

txd apmihfxdef;cJhonf? aqmifMuOf;cJhonf? raysmufrysuf&atmif
toufESifhxyfwlarG;jrLcJhonf/ þtaMumif;rsm;udk tcsif;csif;ajymqdk
a0zefaeoHonf cef;rBuD;wpfckvHk; Oauúma#,svdk jzpfaeMuonf/

]]t[rf;-t[rf;}}

apmjrat;Munfu EIwfcrf;ukd vufESifhtkyfí acsmif;[efYvdkufonfESihf

wpfNydKifeuf &mausmfaxmifeD; y&dowfBuD;onf rD;ukda&ESihfowfvdkufovdk
qdwfNidrfem;pGihfukefMuonf/ tbGm;BuD;u y&dowfukd tEdkif,lvdkufjcif;
jzpf\/

]]EdkifiHhrsufESmzHk;? wdkif;jynfacgif;aqmifBuD;awG ay:xGuf&mjzpfwJh wuúodkvf

ausmif;BuD;rSm wl&d,m*Dwokckr tEkynmudk ,ckvdk pdwftm;xufoefpGm

14
avhvmtm;ay;MuwmawGU&awmh a':a':jzihf tvGefw&m ESpfaxmif;tm;&
½SdvSygw,f/}}

tbGm;BuD;\toHrSm tm;pkdufíratmfbJESihf vlxkukd vTrf;NcHKoGm;onf/

toHMoZm wnfNidrfav;eufí jywfom;vSonf/ cE¨mukd,fuav;rSm yg;vQyf
vQyfjzpfaomfvnf; EIwfrSxGufvmorQ pum;vHk;wkdif;rSm apmif;BudK;ukd
vufESihfcwfvdkufouJhodkY oefoefrmrmatmifjrifpGm½Sdonf/omom,m,mESifh
&mZoHaygufaeonf/ vlwdkif;rSm a[mfrleef;&m½SdvSaom olYtrlt,lukd
{u*¾wmjyKí wpfckwnf;aom tm½Hkom½SdMuonf/

]]taysmfwrf; *DwarGUavsmfolawGteufrSmjzihf tckwD;jyoGm;wJh armifodef;[ef

[m pE´,m;0dZÆmbJGUukd xdkufwefolwpfa,mufvdkY qHk;jzwf&ygr,f}}

y&dowfu a0gceJaeatmif av;eufpGm axmufcHovdk vufckyfoH ay;vkduf

aomaMumifh em,uBuD;onf rdefYcGef;pum;ukd wefYxm;vdkuf&onf/

armifodef;[efrSm tcrf;tem;rSL;ESihf ,SOf&yfae&mu yDwdNyHK;uav;

NyHK;vkdufrdonf/ tcrf;tem;rSL;u armifodef;[ef\ vufukd 0rf;omtm;&
qkyfukdifzspfñSpfvkdufonf/

azmfjycJhaom rdef;rysKduav;urlum; olYrdcifukd wpfpHkwpf&muyfajym&if;

ESpfaxmif;tm;& MobmjyKvsuf ywf0ef;usifu ausmif;olawGtm;
cyf<um;<um;Munfhvkdufonf/ y&dowfvufckyfoH rpJao;ojzihf a':apmjr
at;Munfu acsmif;wpfcsuf[efYí yJGukdxdef;vdkufjyefonf/ twefuav;
MumrS olYpum;olqufonf/

15
]]armifodef;[efuvnf; rdrduRrf;usifaom þynmukd aysmf½Hkyg;½Hkom
oabmrxm;bJ wdkif;jynfBuD;udkyg wl&d,m*DwqdkwJh tEkynmeJY wkd;wuf
atmif wpfzufwpfvrf; pGrf;aqmifEkdifygapvdkY a':a':u qkawmif;NyD;
a½TwHqdyfukd csD;jr§ifhay;tyfygw,fuG,f om"k om"k}}

tbGm;BuD;\ pum;ed*Hk;wGif cef;rBuD;wpfckvHk; yGufavm½kdufoGm;awmhonf/

tcrf;em;rSL;onf pm;yJGay:u a½TwHqdyfaowåmi,fukd tbGm;BuD;vufodkY
w½dkwao,lay;vkdufonf/ tbGm;BuD;u a½TwHqdyfukd zJjym;rS ukdif xkwfí
OD;acgif;ñGwfvifhaom armifodef;[eftm; yef;uHkpGyfovdk pGyfay;vkduf&m
tcsif;ESpfvufrcefY a½TwHqdyfBuD;rSm eufjymouúvyftusÐta&mifukd
aemufcHjyKí <um;<um;0ihf0ihf½Sdawmhonf/

owif;pmwkduf toD;oD;rS "gwfyHkowif;axmufwdkYrSmum; pifjrihfem;wGif

ysm;yef;cwfrQ "gwfyHkwzsyfzsyf ½kduf,lMuavownf;/

___________

tcef; (2)

]]uJ jrihf? owif;pmcsNyD; aumfzDaomufygOD;? at;ukefawmhr,f}}

aemufwpfaeYeHeuf or*¾aysmfyJGpm;½HkxJwGif armifodef;[efu rsufESmcsif;qdkif

xkdifvsuf owif;pmukd tm½Hkpdkufaeaom rdef;rysKduav;tm; wdkufwGef;

16
vdkuf\/ owif;pmxJwGif a':apmjrat;Munfu armifodef;[eftm;
a½TwHqdyfqJGay;aeyHk "gwfyHkESihf acgif;pOfuvnf; pmvHk;BuD;rsm;a&;um
owif;tus,fukd atmufwGifazmfjyyg½Sd avonf/

armifodef;[ef\ vuf0Jvuf,mrSm nu tcrf;tem;rSL;vkyfaom vkvifESihf

jrihf\rdcifBuD;jzpfonf/ olwdkYwawGum; armifodef;[efukd tawmf&if;ESD;pGm
ajymqdk&,farmaeMuonf/

]]ukdausmfoef;? jrihfu odyfxGm;vmwmyJaemf? rESpfu uRefawmf armfvNrdKif

vmwkef;u 'Davmufr0ao;bl;}}

jrihfu NyHK;íodef;[eftm; rsufvTmyihfí Munfhvdkufonf/ ukdausmfoef;[k

tac:cH&aom tcrf;tem;rSL;u olYESrudkol trSwfrxifMunfhvkduf&if;

]]tvum;Asm eif;uefpm; eif;ueftdyfaewm}}

]]vkyfNyD ukdukdujzihf}}

jrihfu EIwfcrf;uav;plí olYtpfukdukd &efrlvdkufav&m tem;u rdcifBuD;

ESihfwuG oHk;a,mufom;rSm w0g;0g;&,fvdkufMu&onf/

]]ukdukdodef;[ef 'Dwpfcg armfvNrdKifukdygvmrS 'DvufoHawGukd tm;&yg;&

em;axmif&r,f? vdkufcJhaemf ukdukdodef;[ef? ukdukd ryg ygatmif ac:cJh}}

aemufqHk;wGif jrihfu olYtpfukdokdY tyluyfvkdufonf/ armifodef;[efu

bmrSjyefrajymbJ NyHK;íom aevdkufonf/

]]iguawmh ausmif;ydwfwkdif; ac:wmygyJAsm? olu rvdkuf&ifom}}

]]tyGg; rvdkufrae&bl;vdkY ZGwfukdifaygh}}

17
ausmfoef;\ pum;tqHk;wGif jrihfu pdwfvdkufrmefyg ajymvkdufrdonf/
xdkYaMumifh armfvNrdKifZmwdjyum tyGg;[k atmfvdkufum ]]ZGwfukdifaygh}}
[laom tzsm;owfí rodrom toHuav;0Jvmavonf/ &efukefol
&efukefom;rsm;tzdkYawmh þvdk pum;uav;0JoGm;wmuav;rSm em;t&om
½SdvSonf/

]][JhorD; orD;uvJ ae&mwum qdk;csifwmyJukd}} [k rdcif rif;uawmf

rkqdk;rBuD;u olYorD;ukdol [efYvdkufonf/ NyD;awmhrS odef;[efbufokdY
vSnfhí ...

]][kwfw,f armifodef;[ef&JU? ckvJ Munfhawmav wpfaeYuwnf;u

armfvNrdKifukdjyefzdkY? tJ'g rif;nu pE´,m;wD;r,fqdkwm olYtpfukdajymwmeJY
a':a':hukd ZGwftaecdkif;wm tJoavmuf}}

rif;uawmfBuD;u vuf[efajc[ef rJhumNyHK;umESihf odef;[efukd vdyfywf

vnfatmif ajymjyaeonf/ odef;[efuawmh jrihfukdom MunfhNyHK;aeonf/

]]tr,f araruvJ? 'DvdkyJGrsKd;rSm wD;wmem;axmif&cJbdjcif;? aMomf 'geJYav

ukdukdodef;[ef}}

xdktcdkuf ausmif;om;oHk;av;a,muf odef;[efpm;yJGem; 0ifvmí 0rf;om

tm;& vufqGJEIwfqufvdkuf ojzihf jrihfrSm rqwfwiHh pum;wefYoGm;NyD;
cyfNyHK;NyHK;Munfhaevdkuf&onf/

]]uGef*&ufusLav;½Sif;Asm ukdodef;[ef}}
]]oihfc½kAsm oihfc½k? vm aomufMuygOD;}}

18
]]aomufygAsm aomufyg? a[; ukdausmfoef; cifAsm;tpDtpOfawG tm;vHk;
aumif;ygw,fAsm? y&dowf rqHhwmwpfckyJ cGuswm}}
]]'guawmh rwwfEdkifbl;avAsm? [J[J vl'Davmuf vmvdrfhr,fvJ rxifrd
bl;As? [J[J vmAsm aumfzD aomufMuygOD;}}
]]Edk; Edk; oihfc½k}}

ausmif;om;rsm;u jzLjzLazG;azG;BuD;jzpfaom jrihfukd rsufpdawG0JNyD;rS tyg;u

cGgoGm;Muonf/ jrihfuawmh olwdkYukd *½krpkduf? wuúodkvfausmif;awmf
BuD;wGif ay:jyLvmjzpfaeaom odef;[efukdom txifBuD;aerdonf/

]]ukdukdodef;[ef? 'DZifbma[ma';us&if vdkufjzpfatmif vdkufcJhygaemf?

jrihfarG;aeY}}
]][Jvdk csefyD,HBuD;}}

bdkqefqef anmifememtoHuav;rsm; Mum;u jzwf0ifvmaomaMumihf

Munfhvdkuf&m tif;,m;olav; ig;a,mufwpfpk 0kdif;vmMujyefonfukd
awGU&jyefNyD/

]]csefyD,HBuD; odyfaumif;wmyJ½Sif? t[kwft[kwf}}

0rf;'g;zl; 0rf;'g;zl; bJ&D;0rf;'g;zl;}}
]]uGef*&ufusLav;½Sif;? 0dZÆmBuD;}}

ausmif;olawGu wpfa,mufwpfaygufajym&if; wpfa,mufu vufqJGum

EIwfqufaejyefonf/ jrihfonf xdkrdef;uav;awGukd £a`E´ESihfMunfhrdonf/
rdef;rysKdawGuvnf; ausmif;rSmrawGUzl;aomjrifhukd apmif;iJhí Munfhvkduf
Muonf/ odef;[efESihf qufpyfí awG;MunfhvkdufMuonf/ t&dyftuJ

19
cwfvkdufMuonf/ tem;urif;uawmfBuD;ukdyif olwdkYrsufvHk;u csrf;om
ray;/

jrihfonf olwkdYukdawmh ,cifuav;uEIwfqufcsD;usL;oGm;aom ausmif;om;

wpfodkufavmuf arwåmr½Sd ]]enf;enf;awmhykdw,f}} [k qdkvkdufcsifonf/
trSefuawmh 'if;wkdYausmif;olawGukd ,ckvufpm;acs&onf r[kwfavm/
nu olwdkYwawGyif jrihfukd ]]uJ&efaum}} [lonfh tMunfhESihf MunfhcJh
Muonf/

]]'Dwpfcg pdwfygvufygwD;vkdufwmyJ xifw,f/ odyfaumif;wmyJ/}}

]][J[J 'DvdkayghcifAsm? vufawGUwJhtcg wD;aumif;wmyJAs/ [J[J}}

jrihfuawmh ausmif;ol\ajympum;rSm ½dk;rS½dk;&JUvm;[k atmufarhvdkufrd

onf/

]]igvmem;axmifwmodvdkY odyfaumif;atmifwD;vdkufwmvm;}} [k aighum

apmif;csdwfum ajymvkdufavovm;[k xifvdkufrdonf/ wu,fqdkawmh
jrihfonf olYtvdkbufukd olqJGíawG;um vdyfjymroefYjzpfoGm;jcif;om
qdk&ayrnf/

]]csefyD,HBuD; uRefrudk oifay;&r,faemf}} [k ausmif;olwpfa,mufu

pum;prjywfatmif 0ifajymae aomtcg jrihfu ]]uJ ½SifwkdYyJajymaeMu?
ajymaeMu}} [k qdkcsifovdk oufrcsí olwdkYrSvTJum wpfjcm;ae&mukd
Munfhaevdkufonf/ a>ra>rcsif;ajcjrifovdk ausmif;olawGu jrihf\trlt&m
ukdjrifvdkufMuonf/

20
]]tm;wJhtcg oifay;yghr,fAsm}} [k armifodef;[efu ajzí rqHk;rD
wpfa,mufu ]]urf;rGefrif}} [k qJGíac: oGm;NyD; olwkdYtcsif;csif;
rsufpdrSdwfjyvkdufonf/ xdkYaemufusdwfajymNyD; usdwf&,f&if; ta0;odkY
a&mufoGm;Muonf/ jrihfuolwdkY&JUaemufykdif;ukd Munfhvkdufygao;onf/
NyD;awmhrS odef;[efqDvSnfhum

]]ukdodef;[efwdkYuawmh odyfrsufESmyGihfaewmyJaemf [J [J [J}}

]][,f 'Daumifrav; vkyfNyD}}
ausmfoef;u olYESrukd ol[efY&if; &,fvdkufonf/
]]pE´,m;awmfawmhvnf; rsufESmBuDwmayhgorD;&,f}} [k rif;uawmfBuD;u
pum;ukdzmypfvdkufNyD/ NyHK;ppeJY vkyfaevdkufonf/
]]jrihfarG;aeYus&if ukdodef;[ef armfvNrdKifukdvmwD;ay;&r,faemf}}
]]wD;yghr,f jrihf&m? wD;yghr,f}}
]]ukdukd ygatmifac:cJhaemf 'DESpfawmh 'gyJ}}
]]at;yg[ jrihfuvnf; em;ylvkdufwm wuwJ}}
]][kwfom;yJ orD;uvnf; ac:cJhyghr,fqdkwm}}
]]pdwfcsyg jrihf&JU 'DESpfawmh vdkufjzpfatmif vkdufcJhyghr,farmifodef;[efu
'kwd,rÜd cH0efay;vkduf&onf/ jrifhrSm toufq,fhajcmufESpfavmufom
½dSao;í uav;pdwf raysmufwpfaysmufjzpfonf/ zcifrJhojzihf rdcifBuD;u
tvdkvkdufxm;av&m tcgcyfodrf; qdk;EGJUíomaecsifonf/ ZGwfw½Gwf
vkyfwwfonf/ armfwifvdrf;ausmif;uxGufí wuúodkvfodkYvmcsifonf[k
ylqmaomfvnf; rdcifBuD;wGif wdk;wdk;azmfr½SdíwpfaMumif;? aiGaMu;u
cifyGef;onf 0efaxmufrif;r½Sduwnf;u tenf;i,f usOf;usyfoGm;í
wpfaMumif;? orD;i,fukd ausmif;tdyf? ausmif;pm; wpfa,mufwnf;xm;&ef
pdwfrcsEkdifonfu wpfaMumif;wdkYaMumifh jzpfonf/

21
armfvNrdKifNrdKUay:rSmawmh rif;uawmfBuD;a':jrvIdifonf NrdKUrd? NrdKUz?
NrdKUrsufESmzHk;wpfa,mufjzpfygonf/ 0efaxmufrif;BuD; uG,fvGefoGm;onfh
wkdifatmif olYt½Sdeft0gu <uif;usef&pfcJhygao;onf/ &yfrI ½GmrI rif;yJG pdk;yJG
wdkif;wGif rif;uawmfBuD;rygvQifrNyD;ay? toufav;q,fqdkaomfvnf;
rif;uawmf½kyf &mZ½kyfygaomaMumihf 00cefYcefY usufoa&½Sdonf/ pum;
tajymtqdk &nfrGefonf/ i,fpOfu t*FvdyfoDv½Sifausmif;xGuf jzpfaom
aMumifh bdkqefonfhpdwfu t&dyfyrmuyfvsufygonf/ jrihfrSm ratwl
orD;jzpfonf/ rath½kyf&nftwdkif; 00wkwfwkwfjzLjzLazG;azG; BuD;jzpfonf
omru a[ma[m'dkif;'dkif; &J&Jwif;wif;ESihf bdkqefonf/

]]uJ om; 'DaeYnae ararwdkYjyefr,f? tppt&m&m qifqifjcifjcifoHk;aemf?

armifodef;[ef rif;oli,fcsif;ukd owday;yguG,f}} [k rdcifBuD;u EIwfquf
vkdufonf/
]]araruvnf; vlukd uav;uav;vdkufvkdY}}
]]ukdukduvnf; rdbqdkwm 'DvdkyJ ajym&wmaygh}}

EIwfoD;aumif; vQmyg; 0ifvkyfvdkufaom jrihfukd odef;[efu oabmuspGm

MunfhNyD; NyHK;aevdkufonf/ jrihf trlt&mrSm {&mr tysKdBuD;vdkjzpfaeonf/
ausmfoef;xuf ti,fqdkayr,fh tvHk;t&yfrSm ausmfoef;\ tpfrBuD;vdk
jzpfaeonf/ tvHk;t&yfESihf t½G,fomru pum;t&muvnf; tpfrBuD;
ozG,f Mo0g'ay;vdkufcsifao;onf/

]]uJ oGm;r,f jrihfwdkY? ukdudkodef;[ef armfvNrdKif vkdufjzpfatmif vkdufcJh}}

aemufqHk;pum;rSm odef;[efukd armfvNrdKif rvm vmatmif owday;

oGm;aom EIwfqufjcif;omjzpfonf/

22
armifodef;[efESihf armifausmfoef;um; wpfa,mufukd wpfa,mufMunfhí
NyHK;vdkufrdMuonf/

___________

tcef; (3)

a*gwrAk'¨onf yGihfawmfrl&m rZÑdra'orSonf okemy&EÅwdkif;odkY a'o

pm&DjzefYcsDawmfrlcJh&m yifv,fjyif0,f [oFmzdkr wpfaumiftay: wpfaumif
xyfí uwfoD;uwfowfem;aeMu&aom ajruGufuav;wpfckukd jrifawmf
rl&mü

]]þae&müum; igbk&m;\ omoemawmf0,f [Hom0wD[laom rif;aejynf

BuD; jzpfvmvwåH}} [k Asm'dwfay;cJhonf[lí ordkif;q&mrsm;u qdkMuonf/

wzefvnf; taemufwkdif;om; ukvm;ukefonfwpfpkonf yifv,fqdyfurf;

NrdKUjzpfvmaom xdkt&yfxdkNrdKUodkY a&mufvmí rif;jyKolESihf ppfbufNydKifrnf
½Sd&m wpfa,mufcsif;? wpfOD;csif;owf&ef vHbm;trnf½Sd t&yftvGef
jrihfvSaom ukvm;ppfolBuD;tm; vTwfvdkuf\/ xdkukvm;BuD;tm; Oyg,f
wHrsOfjzihf cdk;í tEdkif,lvdkufaomaMumifh xkdumvrSpí Oyg,fcdk; ,if;rS
wzef OóyJcdk; [laom trnfwGif\[lí &mZ0ifq&mwdkYuqdkjyef\/

23
rnfodkYyifjzpfap [Hom0wDyJcl;[k uREkfyfwkdYodaeMu&aom yJcl;NrdKUonf
rEÅav;? armfvNrdKif? &efukef[lonfh ta&;BuD;aom NrdKUBuD;oHk;NrdKU\
tcsuftcsmvrf;qHkvrf;cGjzpfaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;? qefa&pyg; trsm;qHk;
xGuf&m a'ojzpfívnf;aumif; pnfum;ausmfMum;vsuf½Sdonf/

OD;atmifBuD;
oD&dr*Fvmqefpufykdif½Sif

NcH0wGifemrnfa&;í NcHxJwGif oD;pHkyGihfpHkO,smOfuav;tv,fü oyf&yfaom

ESpfxyfwdkufuav;onf odkufNrdKufpGm 0ihf<um;vsuf½Sdonf/ xdkwdkufuav;
\ {nfhcef;qDodkY a&mufatmifoGm;í waphwapmif;Munfhvdkuf&vQif touf
av;q,fcefY ta':BuD;wpfOD;ESihf av;q,fausmfcefY ta':BuD;wpfa,muf
&if;&if;ESD;ESD; &,farmajymqdkaeMuyHkukd awGU&Mum;&rnfjzpfav\/

av;q,fcefYta':BuD;rSm ydefydefyg;yg; tom;jzLjzL a½Tukdif;rsufrSefwyfí

zswfzswfvwfvwf oGufoGufvufvufjzpfonf/ ½kyf&nfwifí MunfMunf
vifvif oefYoefYjyefYjyefY½Sdonf/ olYvufxJwGif owif;pmwpfapmif
ukdifxm;&m xdkowif;pmrSm armifodef;[ef pE´,m;0dZÆmbJGU&aom "gwfyHkESihf
owif;tjynfhtpHkyg½Sdavonf/ t0wftpm;ukdMunfh&jcif;tm;jzihf NrdKUxJu
vmvnfaom {nfhonfESihfo@mefwlonf/

av;q,fausmfta':BuD;uawmh 00zdkifhzdkifh½Sdonf/ EIwfav;ovdk olYukd,f

BuD;uvnf; av;vHyHk&onf/ odkYaomftpOfcsKdNyHK;aeonfhrsufESmxm;u
oabmxm;jynfh0í cifrifwwfaomtwGif;ADZukd ay:vGifaponf/ &,f&,f
armarm taomt½Tef;uav;awGñSyfí {nfhcHaeyHk½Sdonf/

24
]]vufpoyfawmh ra½TñGefYu om;acsm&JUowif;ukd vm<um;&wmukd; [J [J
[J}} owif;pmukd rsufpda&mufoGm;&if; &,foGrf;aoG;ypfvdkufonf/
]]usKyfom;ayr,fh ½Sifhorufavmif;rdkY usKyfu rsufESmvdktm;& vmjy&wmyg
ra½TESpf&,f? usKyfu<um;wmr[kwfygbl;/ wuxJ usKyfu <um;aum
om;ukd ½SifwkdYtykdifay;&awmhr,fhOpöm vufvGwft<um;BuD; jzpf½Hk½Sdawmh
raygh}}

ta':BuD;ESpfa,mufonf ukd,fhpum;ukd toD;oD; oabmusoGm;ouJhodkY

[m;wkdufí &,fvkdufMuonf/ þrQavmufyif &if;ESD;Muonf/

owif;pmukdifívmjyaom ta':BuD;rSm armifodef;[ef\rdcif yJGuawmfBuD;

a':cifñGefYqdkoljzpfí tdrf½Sif OD;atmifBuD;uawmfrSm a':zGm;ESpfjzpfonf/
olwdkYESpfOD;rSm ajymremqdkrem Xmae i,foli,fcsif;jzpfonf/ crnf;cruf
awmfMu&ef &nfoefxm;MuyHk&onf/

]]trmMuL awGUNyD;yvm;}}

a':cifñTefUu olYacR;ravmif;owif;pmukd awGUrawGU&nf½G,fí ar;vkduf

onf/

]][J [J ½Sif vmjywmaemufusao;w,f? olu usKyfukd t&ifvmjywm}}

]]tif; 'Dvdk jzpf&r,f}}

ESpfa,mufom;NyHK;vdkufMujyefonf/ a':cifñGefYonf trmMuLukd apmif;iJhí

vdkuf½Smonf/ vlukd,fwkdifukdawmh rawGU&? {nfhcef;axmihfwpfaxmihf
wGif½Sdaom pE´,m;ay:u cyfNyHK;NyHK;vkyfaeonfh trmMuL\ "gwfyHkuav;
om awGU&onf/ "gwfyHkxJu ½kyf&nfMunfh½HkESihf rqlrBuHK ig;&HUukd,f

25
uav;uJhokdY £a`E´jynfhpHkaom toufq,fh½SpfESpfcefY rdef;rysKduav;\
ukd,fwpfykdif;yHkrSm cspfp&maumif;vSonf/ aiGaygifaxmufrSefxJwGifoGif;í
pE´,m;cHkay:rSm wifxm;vsuf½Sd&m olYtem;wGif aiGyef;tdk;uav;ukd
A[dkjyKí wpfzufpGef;uvnf; olYom; armifodef;[ef\ aiGaygifoGif; "gwfyHk
ukdygjrif&onf/ om;awmfarmifu olY"gwfyHkukd b,ftcsdefursm; vmí
ay;xm;ovJ rod&aomaMumihf NyHK;vkdufrdao;onf/

]]b,foGm;ovJ trmMuL}}

a':cifñGefUu olYorD;avmif;ukd ar;vdkufonfhtwGuf

]]olYtdyfcef;xJ0ifNyD; "gwfyHkygwJh owif;pmyJ Munfh½l;aeovm;rS rodwm}}

]][J [J [J 'gjzihfvnf; olYtawG;eJYol aeygapawmhav [J [J [J}}

pwifíar;vdkufaom a':cifñGefYuyif wkdufatmufxyf {nfhcef;ESihf

uyfvsuf½Sdaom trmMuL\ tdyfcef;uav;ukd vSrf;Munfh&if; ydwfyif
vkdufawmhonf/

xdktcdkuf toufoHk;q,fcefY axmifaxmifarmif;armif;vkvifBuD;wpfa,muf

{nfhcef;xJodkY0ifvmcJhonf/ olYvufxJwGif iSufavSmiftdrfuav; wpfvHk;
yg \vmí omvdumuav;ESpfaumifrSm 'ef;pD;vsufom;½Sdonf/

]][Jh armifbouf eif b,fuvmwmvJ}} [k a':zGm;ESpfu ar;vkdufonfukd

xdka,musFm;ysKdBuD;u ½kwfw&ufjyefrajzao;bJ a':cifñGefY½Sd&mokdYvSnfhí
]]aMomf ta':vnf; a&mufaeoukd;}} [k EIwfqufvkdufonf/
]]at;uJGU rif;iSufavSmiftdrfBuD;u bmvkyfzdkYwHk;}}

26
]]aMomf [J [J trmMuLu arG;csifvScsnfh ylqmvkdY awGUwmeJY0,fvmwm}} [k
ajymajymqdkqdk avSmiftdrfukd {nfhcef;aumfaZmay:csí qdkzmtvGwfwpfvHk;
ay: odkY xdkifvkdufonf/ rdef;rBuD;ESpfa,mufuawmh a':if;wnf armif;wnf
EdkifvSaom boufukdMunfh&if; wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,mufNyHK;vkdufrdMuonf/
[efaqmifrIr½Sd? y&d,m,fryg? <um;0grIuif;aom boufuawmh ta':BuD;
awG\ t&dyftuJudkrS cwf&aumif;rSef;rod? vufukdifyk0gjzLukd xkwfí
olYezl;us,fBuD;ukd acR;okwfvsufom½Sdonf/

]]aeygOD;? rif; tck pufxJu vmwmvm;}}

]][kwfuJh cifAs}}
]]rif; OD;aum}}
]]pufujyefoGm;wm cyfapmapmuyJ cifAs}}
]]EdkY rif;u bmvdkYvmwmwHk;}}
]]trmzdkY omvdumuav; vmykdYwmav}}
]]trav;awmf ae&m½SmvdkY wuwnf; igh tvkyfudpöeJYrsm; vmovm;vdkY}}

a':zGm;ESpfutjypfwifoa,mifajymaeonfukd boufuawmh NyHK;NzJNzJpyfNzJNzJ

vkyfíom acgif;BuD;iHkYaeonf/ Mum;xJu a':cifñGefYrSmrl olwkdYESpfa,mufukd
Munfh&if; wpfpHkwpf&mawG;aeovdk cyfai;ai;½Sdavonf/

]]uRefawmf jyefawmhr,f}}

boufu ezl;ukd vufukdifyk0gESihfokwfNyD;vQifNyD;csif; aumufumiifum

ajymNyD; xvdkufonfhtwGuf a':zGm;ESpfu tHhtm;oihfoGm;&onf/

]][Jh t½l;vm; eihfOpöm ckvm ckjyefawmhrvm;}}

27
]]uRefawmf trmhzdkY omvdumvmykdYwmygvdkY ajymyaum}}
]]uJ 'gjzihfvnf; <u <u}}

boufu a':cifñGefYukd NyHK;íEIwfqufovdkvkyfum cyf,dkY,dkY xGufoGm;

av&m a':cifñGefYrSm rcsdNyHK;uav; NyHK;ae&mu oufrwpfvHk;csvdkufrdonf/

]]olYjrifawmh ½SifhorD;tBuD;yJ oGm;oGm;owd&rdw,f? tckqdk trmjzLqHk;wm

tcgvnfawmif½SdNyDaemf}}[k a':cifñGefUu pum;pvkdufrdonf/

xdkpum;onf a':zGm;ESpftwGuf idkcsifvsufvufwdkY qiftdyf&m qdwfEId;

qdkovdkjzpfoGm;ouJhokdY {nfhcef;wpfae&m½Sd eH&Hu "gwfyHkBuD;wpfyHkukd
rsufpda&mufoGm;rdonf/ "gwfyHkBuD;um; q,fhESpfvufrt½G,fjzpfonf/
"gwfyHkxJwGif boufu acgif;aygif; tkyfaygif; ykqdk;awmif½Snf? ykd;tusÐ
&ifzHk;ESihf uwåDygyHkBuD;ay:wGif ykqpf'l;us xdkifaeonf/ olYtem;u
rdef;rysKdwpfa,muf xdkifrodrf;tusÐ tcsdwfvHkcsnf Zmy0gukd a'0DNcHK NcHKí
wJG½kdufxm;onf/

olwkdYESpfa,muftv,fwGif &mausmpD; aiGzvm;BuD; wpfvHk;½Sd&m ,if;

txJwGif oajycufuav;rsm; vSypGm vef;qef;aeonf/

a':cifñGefYonf a':zGm;ESpfMunfh&mukd vkdufMunfhonf/ xdk"gwfyHkBuD;um;

armifboufESihf trmMuL\ tpfr trmjzLwkdY vufxyfay;pOfu yJGxdkif
½dkuful;xm;aom yHkBuD;jzpfaMumif; csufcsif;odvdkufonf/

a':zGm;ESpfu "gwfyHkrS rsufvTmcsvdkuf&if;

28
]]tif; tcgvnfeJY oHk;vaygh rcifñGefY&,f}} [k wpfukd,fwnf; nnf;ovdk
nnf;aevdkufonf/ olYrsufvHk; tpHkwGif rsuf&nfuav;rsm; a0hoef;vmcJhNyD/
a':cifñGefYonf bmpum;rS rajymbJ tvdkufodpGm Nidrfaevdkuf&onf/

]]'DaumifBuD; i,fi,fuwnf;u ukd,fhpufxJrSm ½dk;½dk;om;om; vkyfvmcJh

wmrdkY ay;pm;vdkufygw,f? 'if;wdkY tcgvnfrS raygif;vkduf&bl;}}

oufrBuD;udk av;av;wJGUwJGUcsvdkuf&if; a':zGm;ESpfu olwkdY\ twdwfawG

udk pOf;pm;vdkufrd½Smonf/ boufrSm tvHk rHk½Gm tnm bkwvifom;
jzpfonf/ OD;atmifBuD; a':zGm;ESpfwdkYpufwGif vlysKdayguft½G,fu omref
wmvDpma&;uav;upí vkyfukdifcJhaom aqG;rsKd;eD;pyf tvkyform;av;
jzpfonf/

tnmom;yDyD ½dk;om;onf/ BudK;pm;onf? oabmaumif;onf? ½dkao

usKd;EGHaompdwf½Sdonf? wpfjcm;qdkí bmrSolYpdwfxJwGifxnfhxm;[efrwl/
qefpuf? pyg;? qeftdwf? aiG? pm&if;ESihf xrif;[if;om twG,ftwm
½Sdonf/ 'gawGudkom tm½HkjyKonf/

OD;atmifBuD;onf boufukd oabmusonf/ tzufzufucdkif;Munfhonf?

tzufzufuprf;Munfhonf? wpfcsKdUae&mukd rsufESmvJTMunfhonf? rsufESmvTJ
oavmuf auseyfp&momawGU&onf/ pyg;todrf;? qefta&mif; t0,f?
pufupm&if;tif;? aiGbufaMu;bufuyg pdwfcs&onf/ xdkYaMumifh
wjznf;jznf; tcGihfta&;ay;um ig;ESpf cefYtMumwGif olYpufwGif
refae*smcefYvdkufonf/

29
bouftzdkUuawmh qefpufwpfvHk;ukd tkyfcsKyf&rS ykdíyifyrf;ae&onf/
ykdí*½kpdkufonf? armfjcif;? <um;jcif;? aysmfjcif;? yg;jcif;onf tnmom;
bouftzdkY bmrS t"dyÜg,fr½Sd/ t0wftpm;aomfrS ykd;ykqdk;opfopfukd
cg;ay:wif& onfhtcg olYrsufESmBuD;rSm rcsKdrcsOfjzpfaewwfonf/
xdkYaMumifhyif csnfvHkcsnf 'l;ajcovHk;ay:atmif tNrJ0wfí zdkoDzwfoD
zdk;½dk;zm;&m; tvkyfawGMum;wGif rtm;atmif olYwpfukd,fvHk;jr§KyfESHxm;NyD;om
awGU&wwfonf/

OD;atmifBuD;ü om;a,musFm;[lí wpfa,mufrSr½Sd/ trmjzLESihf trmMuL

nDtpfrom½Sdonf/ trmjzLu tysKdaygufomom? trmMuLu *g0efrS
rcRwfao;/ xdktcsdefupí boufukd aqG&if;rsKd;csm om;wpfa,muf
wlwpfa,mufozG,f wu,fhoHa,mZOfESihf cifwG,fae&avonf/ bouf\
t&dyftjcnfudk tNrJMunfhaeaom rdbESpfyg;pvHk;u tdrfwGif; tdrfjyif
boufukd,fwkdif xGuf0if oGm;vmaeonfhtawmtwGif; tdrfwGif;a&;
a0,sm0pötcsKdUwkdYukdvnf; vkyfay;csifvkyfay;oGm;onf/ ukd,fhorD; ESpf
a,mufpvHk;tm;vnf; &J&Jwif;wif; yGihfyGihfvif;vif; qufqHwwfwmom
½Sdonf/ trmjzLukd olYESrt&if;vdk oabmxm;í av;pm;oavmuf
trmMuLukd uav;i,f uav;ozG,f usDp,faemufajymif &efp½Hkom
wwfonf/ bmrqdk tvdkvdkufzdkYom odonf/ tysKdvlysKd[laom Am[D&
pdwfawG wqdwfurS r0ifpm;aMumif; vlyg;BuD;jzpfaom OD;atmifBuD;
udk,fwkdifodcJh&ojzihf bouftm; omí pdwfcsauseyfaecJhMuonf/

þodkY wpfESpfu wpfESpfMumav qefpufvkyfief;wGif bouf r½Sdrjzpfonfh

tajcodkY a&muf½SdcJhav&m vlysKdBuD;zm;zm;u ausmfvmaom bouf
oHk;q,feD;yg;avmufwGif wpfjcm;rdef;r,loGm;rSm awGUoGm;rSmukdyif pdk;&drf

30
vm&ayonf/ xdkYaMumifh vufvGwfrcHEdkifonfhtwlwl tvkyform;aumif;
wpfa,mufukd orD;tBuD;ESihf ae&mcsum wpfoufvHk;cdkif;pm;zdkY vifr,m;
ESpfa,muf acgif;csif;½dkufMuonf/ orD;ukd em;oGif;í wD;acgufMunfhMu
onf/ trmjzLrSm boufESihf rnm;cifuwnf;u toGifwlaom tysKdBuD;
jzpfonf/ a½S;qefonf? ½dk;onf? at;at; vlvlaewwfonf? pum;
enf;onf? oabmaumif;onf? boufESihfae&mcsxm;&ef BuH½G,fonf[k
ajymjyaomcgrSm olYrSm tHhMojcif;vnf;r½Sd? 0rf;omjcif;? 0rf;enf;jcif;vnf;
uif;bdonf/

]]'gawmh tarwdkY oabmyJav tarwdkY orD;yJ[m}}

þvdk ½dk;taomtajzom ay;azmf&onf/ olYpdwfxJrSm rdb\ arwåm

apwemwdkYukd t<uif;rJh ,HkMunfxm;[efwlonf/ rdb\MoZmukd vufcH
em,ljcif;jzihf rdb\apwemarwåmukd aus;Zl;wHkYjyef&efom wpfckwnf;aom
qE´½Sdonf/

uJ orD;uawmh auseyfygNyD/ orD;ukd wpfcgrSrsufpdESihfyif qef;qef;

rMunfhzl;aom ukda½Tbouf vl½dk;BuD;ukd em;cs&efcufao;onf/ olu
vkdcsifygonf[k ajymvmvQif OD;atmifBuD;tzdkU rsufESmtylu rsm;pGm
oufom&ef½Sdonf/ ,ckawmh tnmom; a&a0; rxHkwufao;BuD;ukd
a,mu©rvkyfrnfholu awrd tvdkprf;cef; zGihf&rnfu cufvSonf/ odkYaomf
boufvdk vlrsKd;ukd ½Sufp&mr½Sd[k OD;atmifBuD;uwpfxpfcs pdwfykdif;jzwf
xm;onf/

]]a[haumifBuD; rif;eJY trmjzLeJY igae&mcscsifw,f? rif;oabm b,fvdkvJ}}

[k ajymonfh tcsdefu boufonf rsufvHk;BuD;rsm;jzihf vSefí Munfhvdkuf

31
\/
]]b,fvdkvJ rif;oabm}} [k xyfar;aomtcg
]]uRefawmfhrSm r*Fvmaqmifp&m ykdufqHr½Sdbl;cifAs}} [k ½dk;½dk;BuD;
ajzypfvdkufaomaMumifh OD;atmifBuD;wGif £a`E´rS rcsKyfwnf;EkdifawmhbJ
EIwfcrf;arG;BuD;um;oGm;atmif cGufxdk;cGufvef &,fvdkufrdawmhonf/

þodkYaomenf;jzihf olwpfyg;\ *kPfyumoe? "e? Opöm wdkYukd rrufaom

OD;atmifBuD;onf olY*kPf? olY "e&dyfNrHKwGif;0,f vdr®maomorD;ESihf
tykd;aoaom tvkyform;wpfa,muftm; aoG;om;t&if; odrf;oGif;
vkdufawmhonf/

odkYaomf oaAÁocFg&m tedpömonf wpfESpfrSrMumcif trmjzLwpfa,mufukd

uGufí OD;OD;zsm;zsm; tedpö oGm;aomaMumihf rcsdwifuJ 0rf;enf;aMuuJGpGm
cHvkdufMu&avonf/

a':zGm;ESpf\pdwfonf vufypfwpfwGuf twGif;uav;0,f þodkYaom

ol\twdwfukd jyefvSefoHk;oyf vdkufrdavonf/

]]tif; tjzLqHk;wm tcgvnfeJYoHk;v? tcgvnfeJYoHk;v? ckawmh

'if;ygoem;p&m jzpfaeNyD rcifñGefY&,f/ olYr,m;olcspfvdkufwmqdkwmvnf;
wkefvdkY}}

a':zGm;ESpf\ pum;tqHk;owf0,f toHawGyg wkefívmawmhonf/ tvdkuf

urf;qdk;rod pum;prdaom a':cifñGefYrSm qwfaqmhrdí tdrfa½SUyl
tdrfaemufrcsrf;omovdk olygcHpm;vdkuf&jyefonf/ xdkYaMumihf rD;ukd a&ESihf
owf&awmhovdk

32
]]at;av olwkdYzl;pmaygh b,fwwfEdkifrvJ/ uJ uJ uRefrjyefr,f}} [k
aemufqHk;wGif "r®a&at;ESihf owfvdkuf&onf/
a':zGm;ESpfrSmum; ai;vsuf? awG;vsuf? aqG;vsuf ...

___________

tcef; (4)

'DZifbmv\ wpfaeYaomnaecif;uav;jzpfonf/

aqmif;aeonf toufomcdkcsifaom tvkyform;vdk tcsdefukdcdk;í taemuf

bufrdk;okdY 0ifcsifvSayNyD/ aeY em&DoHk;q,f? n em&DoHk;q,f[k jrefrmhtvdk
ajcmufq,f½Sdonfteufu ae0ef;onf wefcl;ESihf oDwif;uRwf ESpfvwGif
om tcsdefrSefvkyfonf/ olYqifajcuawmh 0gqdkvrSm ajcmufem&Dwdwd
ykdítdkAmwkdif;qif;&aomaMumihf jymodkvrSm ajcmufem&Dwdwd apmapmpD;pD;
toufomcdk&ygonf[k ajymvdk[ef½Sdonf/ xdkYaMumifh eDazsmhazsmhaom
taoG;uav;vTwfum avmuukd rsufESmcsKdaoG;aeawmhonf/
aqmif;aeonf t&dyfukd½Snfapí aqmif;avonf t&yfukd arT;aponf/
wpfenf;tm;jzihfqdk&aomf aiGESif;rsm;wa0a0½SdavNyD/
yef;oZifabmfaiGjzLwkdYuvnf; wMuLMuLarT;MuavNyD/

33
rdk;aumif;uifwpfjyifvHk; wpfcgwpfcg 0Vm[if;vif; tjyma&miftqif;ESihf
Munfvifaewwfonf/ wpfcgwpfcgawmh ukdyZÆKef pdwfrausí vlYjynfukd
rdk;a&oGef;OD;awmhrvdk vkyfwwfygao;onf/
trmMuLwkdY wdkufuav;u{nfhcef;rSm taemuf,Gef;,Gef;u wdk;0ifaeaom
aea&mifjcnfaMumihf jrLrIefuav;rsm; twef;BuD;jzpfaeovdk xif&onf/
trmMuLonf a&rdk;csKd;NyD;p oeyfcg;bJusm;uav;ESifh a½T0ga&mif[yf
aeovdk½Sdawmhonf/ {nfhcef;t0 tjyifbuf cyfususavmufwGif
ukdbouf BuD;0,fvmay;aom omvdumavSmiftdrfuav; csdwfxm;onf/
twGif;u omvdumarmifESHonf 0ifqJ 0ifvwåHaom aea&mifaMumifh
tljrL;um w*l;*l;w*J*J ckefqGckefqG vkyfaeMuonf/
trmMuLu olwdkYukdMunfh&if;tem;uyfvmcJhonf/ trmMuLajymapcsifwmu
olwdkY\bmom&if;jzpfaom rm*"\ *l;*l;*J*Jr[kwf/ olYukd rr [k
vlYbmom vlYpum;ESihf EIwfqufvkdufapcsifonf/
]]rr vSw,f rr vSw,f}} [k csD;rGrf;apcsifonf/
'grS r[kwfaomf
]]omvdum qDay;yg? apmapmx? rMum;vm;}} [lonfh omvdum
rlvwef;pum;awGudk ½Gwfqdkjyapcsifonf/ ,ckawmh ESpfaumifpvHk;
w*l;*l;w*J*J/
]][Jh pum;ajymMuav ighvdk vdkufqdkprf;}}
]]omvdum}}
]]qDay;yg}}
]]apmapmx}}
]]rMum;vm;}}

34
trmMuLu pdwfygvufyg ausmif;q&mruav;vdk wdkifay;av&m omvdum
ESpfaumifpvHk;u *J *J [kom jyefajymazmf&ojzihf pdwfysufoGm;onf/
]]tvum; vlpum;vnf; rajymwwfao;bl;}}
]]ukdboufBuD;uvJ pum;ajymwwfwm½Sm0,fcJhygqdkcgrS}}
trmMuLu pdwfrausrcsrf;ESihf 0,fvmay;olukdyif tjypfwifaevdkuf
jyefao;onf/
]]wjznf;jznf;aygh orD;&,f yAÁwawmifajc odaEéwjznf;jznf;wJh}}
pum;oHESihftwl rdcifBuD;rSm aemufyg;u&yfvsuf½Sdonf/
]]'gawmif armifbouf 'if;b,fae&mu awGUvmvdkY0,fcJhovJrS rodwm?
ighorD;uvnf; ae&m½Sm&efaum oHa,mZOfr½Sd oHa,mZOf½SmvdkY}}
trmMuLonf olYrdcifukd apmif;iJhíMunfh&mu NyHK;NyHK;uav;awG;aerdonf/
wd&pämefrsm;ukd vlrI vlpum; oifMum;onfhtcg vlajcwdwfí qdwfNidrfonfh
ntcgrS oifMum;&onf/ xdktcsdefrS olwkdYwawG wnfNidrfí tm½Hkpl;pdkuf
Muonf/ xdkaemufwpfrsKd;vnf;½Sdao;onf/ omvdum Muufwla½G;wdkY
rnfonf olwdkYrm*"ESihf wpfaumifcsif; cGef;wHkYvS,faeMuvQif vlYpum;ukd
awmfawmfESihfrajymwwf/ xdkYaMumihf avSmiftdrfwpfckxJwGif wpfaumifpD
cJGxm;&onf/ odkYrS olwdkYcsif;pum;rajymEkdifbJ ½Sdcsdrfhrnf/
trmMuLonf wpfpGef;wpfpMum;zl;aom omvdumoifwef;ukd trSwf&í
]]arar olwdkYukd wpfaumifpDcJGxm;rS jrefjrefpum;wwfowJh? cGJxm;&
raumif;bl;vm;[if}} [k wkdifyifvkdufavonf/ rdcifBuD;onf wpfcPav;
pOf;pm;ovdkvkyfvkdufNyD;rS orD;\ykcHk;uav;ukd,k,pGm vufwifvkduf&if;
]]vlpum;rwwfcsifvnf; aeygap orD;&,f? 'if;wdkY cspfolcsif;
rauGuGif;ygapeJY}} [k jznf;jiif;oufompGm w&m;csvdkufavonf/

35
trmMuLonf xdkpum;Mum;&awmhrS 'dwfueJ pdwfxJwGif wpfrsKd;wpfrnf
wkefvIyfoGm;rdonf/ [kwfonf? rSefonf? {uefyifjzpfonf/ ukd,fuawmh
wpfukd,faumif;? ukd,fhvdkbomMunfhí ajymrdonf/ omvdumuav;awG
bufuaeMunfhí ukd,fcsif;pmvdkuf&vQif tcsKyftaESmif tavSmiftydwfcH
&onfaomfrS vGefvSNyD/ olYcrsmrsm;rSm obm0ukdu wpfyifysHul;
aumif;uifav[kefrSm jrL;aecJhMu&onf/ ,ckrl ESpfawmifywfvnfrSr½Sdaom
oHcsKdifhwGif;0,f ukd,fucspfvdkYarG;í tpmauR;onfxm;OD;? tawmifuav;rS
tm;&yg;&jzefYí ysHp&mr½Sd/ taeusyf tawmifanmif;NyD; pdwfraumif;
jzpfMuayvdrfhrnf/ xdkonfhtxJu tzdkESihftr cJGvdkuf&vQifum;?
trmMuLonf a½SUukdqufírS rawG;awmhbJ
]]at;av 'Dtwdkif;bJ aewmaumif;ygw,f/ pum;wwfcsifwwf
rwwfcsifae}} [k ajymajymqdkqdkESihf tdrfa½SUNcHbufodkY xGufcJhavwmh\/
trmMuL wkdufzdeyfcRwfu qif;vkdufonfESihfwpfNydKifeuf NcH0u pdkufpdkuf
0ifvmaom odef;[efukd rarQmfrvihf awGUvkduf&onf/ qG,fwmtusÐ
vufjywfukd atmufu½SyftusÐcH0wfí befaumufa&ñSda&mifukd qD;xm;
onf/ aer0ihfw0if odef;[efukd jrifvdkuf&onfrSm tawmfuav; tqifajy
oGm;onf/ olYvufxJwGif zufpdrf;ESihfvdyfxm;aom txkyfBuD;wpfck ygvm
onf/ wpfpGef;wpfp xdk;xdk;axmifaxmif xGufaewmukd Munfhvkduf½HkESihf
oZifyef;xkyfrSef; odomygonf/ trmMuLtzdkYawmh yef;ukdjrifvdkuf&jcif;u
ykdí 0rf;omoGm;rd\/
]][,f ukdodef;[ef ausmif;ydwfvdkufNyD [kwfvm;}}
armifodef;[efu tajzray;Ekdifao;? NyHK;NyHK;BuD;vkyfumom trmMuLtem;
a&mufatmif ajcvSrf;usJBuD; rsm;ESihfuyfvmonf/ tem;a&mufonfESihf

36
wpfNydKifeuf wpfayGUwpfykdufBuD;ygvmaom a0jzmñGefYvef; &eYHoif;aeonfh
yef;xkyfBuD;ukdom xdk;ay;vkdufonf/
]]tdk oZifyef;awGygvm;? tr,fav; aumif;vkdufwJh tcufBuD;awGaemf?
ukdodef;[ef0,fvmcJhwmvm;? tdk aus;Zl;wifvkdufwm}}
trmMuLu 0rf;omtm;& u&m;rSa&vTwfovdk wwGwfwGwf ajymaerdonf/
rdef;uav;wdkY\ p½kdufpdwf"gwft& BudKufwwfvSaom vufaqmifjzpfojzihf
aqGUaqGUckefawmhravmuf tljrL;aeyHkukd odef;[efwGif ESpfESpfNcdKufNcdKuf
tm½HkcHpm;aerdawmhonf/
]]wu,fyJ aus;Zl;wifvkdufwm ukdodef;[ef&,f}}
]]tr,f olu olpdrf;usaewmyJ}}
trmMuLonf odef;[ef\ pum;t"dyÜg,fukd &dyfpm;vdkufrdonf/ xdkYaMumifh
olYvdyfjymolrvHkovdk rsufapmif; uav;wpfcsufxdk;cJhNyD; wkdufwGif;odkY
0ifajy;av\/ odef;[efonf oGufvuf½Tifysaom orifrav;ozG,f
olYoufvS,f\ aemufausmukdMunfhí yDwdvIdif;xum 0ifvkdufí oGm;&
avonf/
]]arar arar ukdodef;[ef0,fvmcJhwmwJh? aumif;vkdufwmaemf? tcufBuD;
awG vwfvwfqwfqwf bk&m;wifr,f? bk&m;wif&r,f? usefwmawG
þukd,f tukefyefypfvdkufr,f}}
trmMuLu tHMoaeaom olYrdcifteD;wGif uEGJUuvs vkyfaevdkufonf/
]][Jh armifodef;[ef b,fwkef;u a&mufvmwmvJ? ausmif;ydwfvkdufyvm;}}
]][kwfuJhBuD;BuD;? ckyJ a&mufa&mufcsif; 'DxGufvmwmyJ}}
]]oZifyef;awGuvnf; rsm;vSyguvm;uG,f? xdkif xkdkif}}
odef;[efu qdkzmay: okdY 0ifxkdifvkduf&if; trmhxHodkY rsufpda&mufoGm;um
]]rrsm;ygbl;BuD;BuD;&JU? ig;&mwnf;yg}}

37
]]atmifrm? araruvnf; 0,fwJhvlu 0,fvmwJhOpöm? 'Dxufrsm;&if
omaumif;ao;}}
]]tif; nnf;uawmh oZifyef;qdk irf;irf;wufukd;? nnf;tvdktwdkif;om
0,fwJholu 0,fay;&&if}}
rdcifBuD;u olYorD;ukd cspfpEdk;pGm tjypfwif&if; NyHK;aeaom odef;[eftm;
&,foGrf;aoG;íjyvkdufonf/
]]uJ armifodef;[ef? 'DrSmyJ xrif;pm;oGm;}}
]]tdk aeygap BuD;BuD;}}
]]tr,f xl;xl;axGaxG vkyf&wmvkdufvdkY? wuwJ? oGm; orD;?
xrif;yJGjyifzdkYajymvdkufawmh? nnf;azaz vnf; jyefvmcgeD;ygNyD?
wpfvufpwnf; pm;Mu&atmif}}
a':zGm;ESpfu ajymajymqdkqdk odef;[eftyg;rScGgoGm;av&m trmMuLu
odef;[efudk ar;av;wpfcsuf xdk;jyvdkuf&if;
]]bmvJ olu olpdrf;usaewmyJ}} [k wdwfwcdk; jyefacsvdkufonf/
qdkzmay:wGif tNidrfhom;xkdifMunfh ae&aom odef;[eftzdkYrSmum; trmMuL\
ukd,fvufvIyf½Sm;rIrSeforQ EIwfcrf;yg;u pum;xGufvmwmrSeforQ
um,uH? 0pDuH raemuH[lorQwdkYukd ta[m0wom jzpfaerd½Smonf/
odef;[ef trmMuLwdkYrSm i,fpOfuwnf;u yGef;wnf;&if;ESD;vmMuaom
tcspf"gwfjzpfonf/ csKd;½kyftdk;ykwf uav;rsm;ESihf upm;cJhMuonfhtcsdefupí
,ckvlysKdtysKd jzpfvmonfhwkdif cdkifNrJaeMuonf/ b,frdburqdk odef;[ef
wdkYESpfa,muftm; ]]eifwdkYarmifESr}} [k ac:a0: rkwfjcif;jyKcJhMuonf/
,ckBuD;vmonfhwdkifatmif ESpfOD;om;ukd vufvGwfpy,f tcGifhta&;
ay;xm;onfrSm avmuD\"r®wm wPSm\taMumif;ukd rpOf;pm;rdír[kwf?

38
odef;[efutrmMuLukd pGJpGJNrJNrJcspfaeaMumif; od&oavmuf trmMuLuvnf;
pHkrufaeonfukdod&aomaMumihf jzpfonf/
rdbcsif;uvnf; wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD; ypönf;ypö, *kPfyumoerSpí wef;wl
jzpfonf/ uav;csif;uvnf; ½kyf&nfvu©Pm todtvdr®mwdkYrSpí
csKdU,Gif;edrfhusjcif;r½Sd/ tusLd;ay;jcif;nDrQ oabmusp&mjzpfonfhtavsmuf
wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,muf om;ay;orD;,l MunfjzLESpfoufaeMuonfrSm
txift½Sm;jzpfae½HkrQru
]]eifwdkYESpfa,mufawmh ay;pm;&r,f}} [k toD;oD;aom rdbrsm;u
ajymifavSmifajymqdkonfukd ½Sufudk; ½Sufuef;ESihf Mum;cJh&onftxd jzpf&um;
odef;[efESihftrmMuLwdkYwGif wdwfwdwfykef;&nf;pm;rS rjzpfvkdufMu&bJ
wpfaeYaeYvufxyfay;pm;rnfh ZeD;avmif; Muif,mavmif;[k aumif;aumif;
BuD; ukd,fpDodNyD;jzpfMuaomaMumihf awGUMuonfhtcg þrQ&Jwif;½Tifysjcif;
jzpfMuavonf/
cspfolcsif;rsufESmcsif;qdkifí pm;&aom xrif;\t&omonf b,ft[m&
ESihfrS EIdif;pmír&/ trmMuLu Muufom;yef;uefxJrS tonf;tjrpf
wpfzwfukd odef;[ef\ pm;vufp xrif;yef;uefxJodkY ZGef;ESihfaumfcyfí
xnfhay;vdkufaomtcg a':zGm;ESpfESihf OD;atmifBuD;wdkYrSm trSwfrxif
wpfa,mufrsufESm wpfa,mufMunfhí NyHK;vkdufrdMuonf/
xrif;pm;aomufNyD;onfESihfwpfNydKifeuf odef;[efay;vmaom oZifyef;wdkY
ukd bk&m;wif&if; auseyfaerd onfrSm trmMuLyifjzpfonf/
OD;atmifBuD;ESihf a':zGm;ESpfwdkYrSm yef;NcHwGif;odkYqif;í tysif;ajy tanmif;ajy
aeMuonfrSm aeYpOftrIjzpfí rxl;jcm;aomfvnf; odef;[eftwGufrlum;
trmMuLESihf ESpfudk,fcsif; qHkqnf;atmif apmifr cGihfvTwfouJhokdY ½Sdaom
aMumifh yDwdrjzpfbJraeEkdifawmhacs/

39
wpfywfvQKdqHxHk;uav;ukd zHk;awmhrwwf oZifyef;rsm;yefxm;vsuf
avSum;em;wGif cHnm;vSypGm½Sdonfh pE´,m;ay:u aiGyef;tdk;uav;odkYvnf;
av;ig;q,fcuf oGm;ípdkufaeonfh trmMuLtem;odkY odef;[efudk,fwkdif
ra,mifrvnfuyfoGm;rdonf/ aMumhaeatmifNzD;vdrf;yefqifxm;aom
ukd,fvHkuav;ukd r0EkdifaomMunfhjcif;jzihf MunfhaeaomaMumihf trmMuLrSm
½SdK;wdk;½SefYwefYjzpfvkduf&onf/
]]Munfhygvm; vlem;uyfvmNyD; Munfhaevdkufwm pm;awmh 0g;awmhr,fh
twkdif;? xdkifaeyg [dkrSm bmvkyf xvdkufvm&wmvJ [if? awmfawmf&Jae
azazwdkYjrihfrS [kwfayh jzpfaer,f}}
trmMuLu qD;í [efYvkdufaomfvnf; odef;[efuawmh rNzHK/ rxHkwufaw;?
NyHK;NyHK;BuD; ai;azmfom&onf/
]]Munfhygvm;vkdY? ajymaewm rMum;wJhtwkdif;}}
]]tr,f vlBuD;awGujzihf a½Smifay;&atmif qif;awmifoGm;MuNyDOpöm? ol
tifrweftuJukdifcsifw,f Munfh½Hkuav;rS rMunfh&bl;wJhvm;}}
]]Munfhwmu vGef vGefvGef;w,f}}
]][J [J 'g vGefvGef;ovm;}}
]]Munfhygvm; £a`E´&&ukd raeEdkifbl;vm; ukdodef;[ef? wuwJ vlYtem;
uyfaewJhOpöm}}
trmMuLu tvdkrusovdk cyfrlrlav; rsufapmif;xdk;vdkufonf/ xdktMunfh
uav;rsKd;yif odef;[efrSmawmh tonf;ESvHk;ukd qJGvIyfvkdufovdk ½Sdawmh
onf/
]]cspfwJhpdwfu Aavmifqefaewm? cE¨mukd,fu b,f £a`E´&EdkifawmhrvJ}}
]]ykdvdkufwm}}
]]vdkawmifvdkao; cifAsm;}}

40
]]Munfhygvm; ½kyfukdu rcsKdrcsOfeJY}}
]][kwfw,fav tem;u wpfz0g;rS rcGgcsifwJhaumifukd ESifypfaewm}}
]]'gjzihf bDatatmifatmif jrefjrefBudK;pm;ygawmhvm;vdkY}}
]][Jh BudK;pm;vdkufwmawmh rajymeJY? 'D*&D&csifvSvdkY 'Davmufr[kwfbl;?
bDatatmifrS MuLMuLeJYaygif;&rSmrdkY rsufcGufeJY pmeJYudk rjywfbl;? 'gayr,fh
[J [J 'gayr,fh}}
]]'gayr,fh bmjzpfovJ}}
]]'gayr,fh bDat atmifvmawmh vifr,m;? ckaeawmh orD;&nf;pm;qdkovdk
yl;yl;uyfuyfaecsifao;wmaygh}}
]]Munfhprf; Munfhprf;? ajymvdkufwm yufyufpufpuf? [kwfw,f ½Sihfukd
b,foluBudKufvdkY orD;&nf;pm;jzpf&rSmwJhwHk;? [kwf [kwfao;awmh}}
trmMuLu odef;[efudkausmcdkif;ae&mu jzKef;ceJYvSnfhí &efawGUvkdufonf/
xdkYaemuf csufjcif;yif rsufESmcsif;rqdkif0HhouJhokdY ajymNyD;onfESihf wpfNydKif
euf ausmay;vkdufjyefonf/
]]atmifrm? aumifrav;wpfa,muf vdrfw,fa[h vdrfw,f}}
odef;[efu trmMuL\ rsufESmem;odkY0Jum vufñSdK;ESihf u½dku½dk
vkyfjyae&mu vufukdjyefrcsawmhbJ ycHk;uav;udkvSrf;qGJ vdkufonfhtwGuf
trmMuLwGif ',drf;',dkifESihf &ifcGifxJygcJh&avonf/
]]tdk tdk MunfhygOD;? &rf;vdkufwm? [dkrSm aemufaz;u[mawG jrifukef
awmhr,f? wpfcgwpfcgvmrSjzihf 'Dvdkcsnf;yJ? vTwfprf;yg}} [k yg;pyfuvnf;
rmefrJí ukd,fuvnf; twif;½kef;xGufaeaomaMumifh odef;[efu vufESihf
zdxm;&if;
]] tdk b,folrS vmrjrifygbl;? odNyD;om;awGyJ[m? vmvnf; MunfhMurSm
r[kwfwJh[mukd ½kef;aevdkufwm? wuwnf;}}

41
]][iftif; [iftif; vTwf vTwf}}
]]aeygOD; 'DrSm tckeoZifyef;awG bk&m;wifwkef;u bmqkawGawmif;ovJ?
ajymprf; ajymprf;}} [k pum;ukd vrf;aMumif;vTJypfvkdufrS Nidrfovdk
jzpfoGm;um
]]tr,fav; ½Iyfvdkufwmaemf}} [k pdwf½IyfouJhokdY em;o,f qHpav;udk
wpfcsufESpfcsufukwfvkdufonfrSm cspfp&muav;vdk jzpfaejyefawmhonf/
]]ajymprf;yg? bmqkrsm;awmif;ovJvdkY}}
]][iftif; vTwfqdk}}
]]ajymrSvTwfr,f}}
]][ihftif; vTwfrSajymr,f}}
]]uJ 'gjzihf 'DvkdyJae rajymeJYawmh}}
]]Munfhygvm; oltifrwef tusyfukdifwwfw,f? ½SifeJYaygif;&ygapvdkY
qkawmif;ygowJh½Sif? uJ auseyfawmfrlNyDvm;? [kwfw,f pdwfaygufvma&m?
uJvTwf}}
trmMuLu cyfrlrl? cyfplplajymvdkufrS odef;[efwGif ESvHk;ava0SU oGm;awmh
onf/ 'gawmif ½dk;½dk;rvTwfvdkufao;bJ ESm0ESihf trmMuLUyg;ukd wpfcsuf
a0SUvdkufaomaMumihf trmMuLu uref;uwef;½kef;txGufvdkufwGif
OD;atmifBuD;wdkYvifr,m;uvnf; wkdufwGif;okdY0iftvmESihf yufyif;yg
BuHKae&um; odef;[efonf uysmu,m pE´,m;cvkyfuav;rsm;ukd
a,mifwda,mifcsm awmifukdif ajrmufukdifvkyfae&onfukd ta0;wGif½Sdaom
trmMuLu
]]aumif;w,f aumif;w,f 0rf;omw,f tm;&w,f}}
[k vufñSKd;uav; u½kdu½kdvkyf&if;ceJYaeawmhonf/

42
i,f&muBuD;vmcJhMuaom a,mu©ravmif;BuD;awGu uarmufur jzpfae
½Smaom odef;[efukd rjrifusKd;uRefjyKvkdufMuonf/ xdkrQru tdrfacgif;&if;½Sd
Budrfyufvufukvm;xdkifBuD;ay: odkY oGm;xdkifcsvdkufum
]]armifodef;[ef pE´,m;wD;rvdkYvm;? vkyfprf;uGm wpfyk'favmuf}} [k
acsmftvJwGif a&mxkdifEdkifatmif a':zGm;ESpfukd NyHK;jy&if; OD;atmifBuD;u
pum;pay;vdkufonf/ a':zGm;ESpfuvnf; £a`E´rysuf reD;ra0;u qdkzmay:
xdkifvkduf&mu
]]at;uG,f wdkYvnf; em;axmifcsifygw,f/ aumvdyfrSm pE´&m;wD; csefyD,H
qdkwm owif;pmxJawmh tawGUvdkufom;}} [k 0kdif;ulí a&vmajrmif;ay;
vkyfvdkufojzihf þwGifrS odef;[efü £a`E´&oGm;awmhum tvdkufodwwf
aom vlBuD;awGudk aus;Zl;wifvkdufonf/
avmuwGif armifodef;[ef\ tcHkrifqHk;aom ouf½SdoufrJhESpfckrSm wpfcku
pE´,m;? wpfcku trmMuLyifjzpfonf/ ,ck trmMuLukd rsufarSmufjyKí
pE´&m;ukdwD;ae&rnfhtcdkuftwefYonf Muufoa&r*FvmESihf 'GefwJGaeaom
tcgyifjzpfawmhonf/
xdkYaMumifh xdkifcHkuav;ukd tm;&yg;&jzpfatmif pE´,m;tem;odkY qJGxkdif
vkdufonf/ NyD;onfhaemuf oH½dk;oHpHkukdprf;í vufq,f acsmif;pvHk;
rtm;&atmif twJGtquf b,fqufnmajymif; EGJUaESmif;oHNidrfh wtdrfhtdrfh
aeatmif wD;jyvdkufonf/ 0goemBuD;vSaom trmMuLrSm cyfa0;a0;u
tm;r&Ekdifawmhovdk odef;[efESifheD;atmif rdcifBuD;tyg;odkY uEGJUuvs
a&mufvmcJhav\/
]]pE´,m;wD;qdk 'DvdkrSaygh? trmMuLwkdYrsm; ykd;omukef armifyHkapmif;rwwf}}
]]OD;atmifBuD;u Mum;jzwfí a0zefvdkufavonf/

43
]]tr,f azazuajymNyD? olYwkvdkYawmh b,fjzpfrvJ? olu csefyD,HBuD;[m
trmvJ oDcsif;jzpfatmifavmufawmh aeYwdkif; wD;aeom;yJ}}
]][if eifwD;oavmufeJY pE´,m;topfrsm; ylqm&ao;ovm;}}
trmMuLu ½Suf&rf;í acgif;uav;ukd iJhypfvkdufonf/
]]usKyforD;vnf; aemufawmhwpfjznf;jznf; awmfvmrSmayghawmf? b,fhES,f
ajymygvdrfh? armifodef;[efukdvnf; toifcdkif;&OD;r,f}} [k rdcifBuD;u0ifí
{nfhaxmufcHvdkufavonf/
odef;[efwGifum; olwdkYom;trd om;tzawG pum;ajymvdkYaumif;½Hkavmuf
aemufcHwD;vHk;wD;ay;aeouJhodkY wdkYum yihfum upm;ae&avonf/
]]oDcsif;BuD;awGu cufw,fazaz&JU? twD;wifr[kwfbl;? tqdkvnf;
cufwmyJ? tqdkxuf teuft"dyÜg,fawGu ykdcufao;wm/ trmwdkY
rodwmawGtrsm;BuD;? Munfhygvm; *E¨rmaAGqdkwJh bJGUxJrSm}}
]]tif; qdkprf;ygOD; *E¨rmaAGxJrSm bmrodwmvJ}}
odef;[efu pE´,m;ukd aemufcdkfif;í trmMuLtm;vSnfhar;vkdufonf/
]]bmrodwmvJqdkawmh *E¨rmaAG[m awmtaMumif;? awmiftaMumif;awG
a&;zJGUxm;wmawmh [kwfygNyD? tJ'DawmxJ aysmfwJh om;&Jwd&pämefawGusawmh
usm;wdkY? qifwdkY? orif? '&,f? acsi,fpdkifqwf? zGwfykwwfqdkwmawGom
tawGUrsm;aewJhtxJ rqDrqdkifwJh ig;&HUwkdY ykpGefwdkY vl0HwdkY xnfha&;
xm;wm}}
]]aMomf 'gvm;? 'gawGu vdk&if;t"dyÜg,fukd; trm&JU? tjcm;om;aumifawGeJY
rwlwJhtwGuf wrifzJGUEJGUxm;wm}}
]]ig;&HU[m pmzJGUavmufatmifxl;vdkYvm; ukdodef;[ef&,f wuwnf;}}
]]xl;w,f trm xl;w,f xl;yHkukd ajymjyr,f? awmbJGUqdkayr,fh rlv
pmqdkawmfBuD; &nfñTef;wJhawmu omrefvloleD;wJh awmrsKd;ukd qdkvkd[ef

44
r½Sdbl;/ vlY&yf? vlYXmaeuawmrsKd;qdk&if Oyrm- ]a½ToZif? ajymifqifusm;&J?
uRJESihf,Hki,f? acs'&,f aysmfzG,fzdkr jrL;MunHnH} qdkwJh bkef;rsmhrsmYrif;
ywfysKd;BuD;xJu awmrsKd;? tck *E¨rmaAGqdkwJh awmawmift&yfu vlra&muf
iSufraomufqdkwJh [dr0EÅmu ½Icif;wpf&yfrdkY omrnawmawmifr[kwfbl;/
aumif;uifysHEkdifwJh q'´efqiftppfwdkY psmeftbdnmOf&wJh &aoh&[ef;wdkY
avmuDodyÜH 0dZÆm"dk&fpwJh aZmf*sDwyoDwdkYrS pHjref;EdkifwJh awmukdqkdvdkwm/
aq;'ef;jrif;oDvm ausmufzsmwdkYqdkwmvnf; [dkrSmrS½Sdwm/ tJovdkae&mrSmrS
xGuf&yfaygufatmifBudK;pm;EdkifMuvdkY ]pr}vrf;vdkufMuwJhtaMumif;ajymwm/
trm tckajymwJh ig;&HUwdkY ykpGefwdkY vl0HwdkYqdkwmvnf; wu,f½SdvdkY
a&;wmr[kwfbl;/ p? "? A? 0 qdkwJh pr tu©&mav;vHk;ukd wifpm;NyD;
azmfxm;wm}}
]]tif; tif; vkyfprf;ygOD;uG,f? rif;ajymwm em;axmifvdkYtaumif;om;}}
OD;atmifBuD;u Budrfukvm;xkdifBuD;ay:rS pdwf0ifpm;vmovdk ukd,fudk
cyfrwfrwf jyifxdkif&if; tbd,mpuvkyfvkdufonf/ trSefqdk&vQif
OD;atmifBuD;rSm pD;yGg;a&;orm;BuD;omjzpfonf/ jrefrmpmESifh t*FvdyfwdkYrSm
olYpufESihfolYqefpyg;vkyfief;wGif om tm½Hk pdkufcJhonf/ oluRrf;usifonfrSm
rD;'Hk;? a½T0g? jyKwfqefwdkYomjzpfonf/ pyg;wpf&matmufwef;½Sif;vkdufvQif
wpfeHygwf zJGUEk? ESpfeHygwf zJGEk? xdkYaemuf qefuJG? xdkYaemuf qefusKd;ig;yHk
ausmufukdvdkufí bZm;uJGvwD; tufpMuLponfwkdYrSm &mcdkifEIef;tm;jzihf
rnfa½GU rnfrQpD&rnfukdom uRrf;usifonf/
wpfckawmh½Sdygao;onf/ tvSLtdrf? romtdrfwdkYwGif vlBuD;yDyD aqG;aEG;
Edkifavmufatmif oN*ØK[f? tbd"r®mwdkYukdawmh tvGwf usufwefwm
usufxm;onf/ rSwfwefwm rSwfxm;onf/ 'gawGu ukd,fhzdkY udk,fha&;&m
r[kwfygavm/ ukd,fhzdkY ukd,fha&;&mqdkí oHk;q,fhwpfbHku xGufajrmuf

45
avmufatmif tmoDoqdkvQif rSefcsifrSrSefrnf/ yJcl;a½Tarmfa"mbk&m;BuD;\
b@mawmfxdef; a*gyu vlBuD;wpfOD;jzpfaomaMumifhomvQif roifrae&
ynma&;pepfjzpfcJhovm;rSrod/
aemufwpfaMumif;uvnf; ½Sdao;onf/ oDjcif;? ujcif;? wD;rIwfjcif;
qdkonfwdkYrSm epö? *Dw? 0g'dw tESpfom&uif;rJhí uav;uvm;Edkifonf[k
,lrSwfxm;[efvnf;½Sdonf/ a[;vm;0g;vm; taysmftyg;orm;rsm;\
vrf;pOf[k txifao;cJh[efwlonf/
rnfodkYyifjzpfap ,ckarmifodef;[efajymaewmudk oabmuspGm tm;ay;vdkuf
wmukdrlum; trmMuLu cspfoltwGuf *kPf,l vkdufrdonf/
]]bmjzpfvdkY tu©&mav;vHk;jzpfEkdifygvdrfhaemf}}
]]tu©&mav;vHk;jzpfwmu 'Dvdktrm&JU? ig;&HUrsm;udk aoaocsmcsmMunfhprf;?
tNrD;rSm pvHk;eJYwlwJh tu©&muav;ygw,f/ trsm;pm;avhpm;x½SdwJh ig;&HUrSm
awmh odyfrxif½Sm;bl;/ bk&m;ig;vkYdac:MuwJh acgif;ykyk0dkif;0dkif; acgif;wdk
ig;&HUrSmqdk&if tawmf xifxif ½Sm;½Sm;awGU&w,f/ aemufNyD;awmh ykpGefvHk;
vkYdac:MuwJh uPmef;&JU &ifbwfrSmvnf; aoaocsmcsmMunfh&if AxufcsKdihf
vdkvdk tcGHuav;½Sdw,f/ a'gif;&JUtNrD;awmifuav;awGrSmawmh "atmufcsKdihf
eJYwlwJh a½Ta&mifuGufuav;awGrygbl;vm;? tJ aemufNyD;awmh vl0Hrsm;&JU
&iftkyfrSmawmh tarG;awGaAGjzpfaevdkY 0vHk;yHko@mefay:aeowJh/ tJovdk p?
"? A? 0 qdkwJh prtu©&mav;vHk;ukd wifpm;NyD; tJonf owå0gav;OD;ukd
xnfhpyfxm;wm? 'gaMumifhrdkY
]]ar'g0D &aohav; &aohi,faysmf&m usdef;cdkp&m ausmufzsmcif;wJh
jrihfaovmrSm pdefa&mifjzmvdkY 0g0g0if;w,f BudKif&eJYoif; woD;woefY
ig;&HUv,fykpGef a'gif;eJYvl0H odyÜHrsKd;wkYd wefcdk;i,fvGef azaZmfrGefwdkY
&*HkaMumrSm ½Sdef;owfwJhawm}} vdkY qdkwmaygh/ ½Sdef;owfw,fqdkwmu

46
½Sdef;qm,mykdarmufvdkY ukd,faysmufatmif usihfw,f/ BuHw,f/ ½Sdef;NyD;w,f
qdkwmu wpfzufurf;cwfw,f tJovdkMum;zl;wmyJ}}
om;trdom;tzoHk;a,mufrSm odef;[ef\vufcsmukd tawmfoabmayguf
oGm;Muav\/ om;rufavmif;ukd tawmfuav; txifBuD;rdMuav\/
]]tJovdkyJ trm&JU? a½S;ua&;cJhwJh oDcsif;BuD;awG[m 0gus&JU eufeJYjcif;?
yg'&JUeufeJjcif;qdkwmawG½Sdw,f/ ÚmPfupm;NyD; 0Sufxm;wJh pmawGvnf;
ygwwfw,f/ Oyrm - jr0wD0efBuD;a&;cJhwJh pdefjcnfnD;vif; wvdkif;oHBuD;
rSmaum tqHk;owfem;rSm aom&mjrifh oHk;qihfoHcsKdñTef; ,kefaiG0ef;
zefcgcgaqG;aMumif; qdkwmawGU&vdrfhr,f? jzKef;ceJ trSwfwrJhqdkawmh
t"dyÜg,fodMurSmr[kwfbl;/ zJGUxm;wmu awmbJGUqdkawmh wufwufwl
cg;cg; wufwufwl cg;cg; vdkY cgwGefwmukd vGrf;p&maumif;wJhtaMumif;
ya[Vdoabm0Sufa&;xm;wm}}
]][if ajymprf;ygOD; b,fvdkqdkifvdkYvJ}}
]]aom&mjrihf oHk;qihfoHcsKdñTef;qdkwmu aom&mqdkwm aA'ifpum;?
aom&Duvmwm? paeeHukdac:w,f/ paeeHAsnf;awGu w? x? '? "? e
r[kwfvm;/ tJonfu w ukd,l? oHk;qihfqdkawmh w? w? w ayhg/ tJonf
w? w? w u wufwufwljzpfvma&m? zqyvu zufqpfawmfvSefa&;
jynfolYvGwfvyfa&;jzpfovdkaygh [J [J? aemufNyD; ,kefaiG0ef;qdkwmu
vukdac:wm? vqdkwmu aA'iftac: pef;? pef;qdkwmu wevFm?
olYAsnf;awGu u? c? *? C? i tJonfu c ukd,lNyD; cg;cg;vkdY
jzpfvmwmaygh/ 'Dawmh ESpfck aygif;vdkufprf; wufwufwlcg;cg;
jzpfrvmbl;vm;}}
]]tr,f armifodef;[efu tvmBuD;yJa[h? 'Dvdkawmh}}

47
]]uRefawmfwwfwmr[kwfygbl; BuD;BuD;? 'D;'kwfOD;bcsKdwdkY a':apmjr
at;MunfwdkYqDu &wm [J [J [J txifvnf; odyf rBuD;MueJYOD;}}
]]at; oDcsif;BuD;awG[m A[kokw tawmfygom;yJuG}}
]]'gu 'Dvdk½Sdygw,fOD;? *Dwwpfyk'fjzpfatmif vkyfypfcJhMuwJh pmqdkBuD;awGudk
uRefawmfwdkYu Munfh&ygr,f/ rdef;rjzpfap? a,musmF;jzpfap pmqdkawmfrSef&if
avmuD avmukwå&m *E¦EÅ& pG,fpHkusrf;BuD;awG jzpfMuygw,f/ wpfcsKdU
wpfcsKUdrsm; udk,fwkdif usrf;aygif;rsm;pGmukd a&;om;jyKpkawmfrlcJhMuygw,f/
Oyrm - jr0wD0efBuD;yJMunfhyg/ aoe*FAsL[musrf;? aq;usrf;? "gwfusrf;?
eu©wfusrf;qdkwmrsKd;awGudk jyKpkcJhygw,f/
a½TbHked'gef;qdkwJh eef;pOfOya'oawGudkvnf; wpfxHk;wpfzJGUa&;cJhygw,f/
"r®owf? &mZowf? t&yf&yfaom vlrIa&;&musrf;awGudkvnf; a&;cJhygw,f/
'Dawmh 'Dyk*¾dKvfBuD;awG EIwfuay: xGufvmwJh *DwawGqdk&if b,favmuf
av;eufwJh t&omawGjzpfrvJqdkwm oHo,½SdzdkrS rvdkygbl;/ olwdkY olwdkY&JU
tm*r,kwdå tmabmfudkvkdufqdkEkdifzdkYawmif uRefawmfwdkYrSm trsm;BuD;
vdkygvdrfhr,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh oDcsif;tyk'fwkdif; tyk'fwdkif;rSm ayg&mP
pum;ygw,f/ eu©wfwm&m aA'ifpum;ygw,f/ aq;usrf;0g;usrf;
toHk;tEIef;awGygw,f/ rif;crf;rif;em; eef;wGif;pum;awGygw,f/
&moDawmawmif a&ajrqdkwmuawmh xm;awmh}}
]]at;at; [kwfvdrfhruJGU 'gaMumihf wpfcsKdUoDcsif;BuD;awGomqdkoGm;Muw,f?
t"dyÜg,fusawmh ar;vdkYr&bl;}} [k OD;atmifBuD;u 0ifíaxmufcHvkduf
onfwGif
]]'guawmh uRefawmfwdkYawmif tyk'fwkdif; em;vnfw,fvdkY tmrrcH0Hh
ao;bl;/ em;rvnfwmawG½Sdao;vdkY vkdufpm;wkef;? ar;jref;wkef;?
oifae&wkef;yJ}}

48
]][dkwavmwkef;u 0d0g'uJGwmMum;vdkufrdygao;w,f? xl;r jcm;em;&,f?
xl; rjcm;em;qdkwm&,f? aemufNyD; axmifa&mifaeuom eJY axmifa&mif
aeokdYom qdkwm&,f tJ'gawGudka&m b,fvdk trSm;trSef a0zefMuovJ}}
odef;[efu ar;vdkufaom OD;atmifBuD;tm; w½dkwaorsufESmjyKvkdufNyD;rS
]]xl;rjcm;em;ukd xl;r jcm;em; vdkY cJGwmu b*0awmqdkwJh ygVdukd b*
0awm? b*0 awm qdkNyD; cJGMuwm tm;usvdkYxifygw,f/ b*0awmukd
cJGMuwmu olYteufeJYol orÁefvdkY cJGwkdif;&Ekdifw,fqdkwm zwfrdzl;ygw,f/
xl;rjcm;em;qdkwJh cJGenf;rsKd;uawmh xl;rSjrwfonf? ½l;rSwwfonf?
ul;rScwfonfqdkwJhpum;vdk xl;rSjcm;em;r,fqdkwJh t"dyÜg,fukd ,lcsifMu
vdkYeJYwlygw,f/ wu,fvdkY xl;rSjcm;em;w,fvdkY jr0wDynm½SdBuD;u qdkcsifcJh
&ifvnf; rtu©&mukd [xdk;xnfhcJhrSm trSefaygh? 'gayr,fh xl;rjcm;em;
qdkwmrsKd;uawmh t&yfpum;qefvGef;ygw,f/ xl; rjcm;em;qkdwmu ruJG
rjym;jcif;? cJGjcm;ír&Ekdifjcif; qdkwmoufa&mufygw,f/ zJGUxm;wmuvnf;
a&mifjcnfawmfajcmufoG,f uGefYjrL;wJh bk&m;ukd,fawmfjrwfBuD;ukd tm½HkjyKNyD;
pyfcJhwJh a&mifjcnfawmfbJGUqdkawmh a&rD;tpHkjzpfwJh ,rujym#d[mrSm rD;eJYa&
raxGrjym; xl;rjcm;em; jzpfaMumif; qdkcJhwmjzpfw,fvdkY ynm½SdBuD;rsm;
qHk;jzwfMuygw,f/ uRefawmf&zl;wJh bk&m;yihfpmwpfyk'frSmawmh
]]£'¨d0d" wefcdk;awmfESihf r[dó&dZde tusKd;arQmfNyD; w[dk;[dk;ausmfatmif
,rujym#d[mjypOfu bk&mhum,d yom'csufawmfA[dkrS txufawmf
wpfcdkwGif tmayguodkPf;ESihf yxAsm waMumuvIdif;í ajrwkefvdkY
<uavmufuJh? a&tpHktpHkusum cg;tjyifatmufü wtm;½Tifavmufatmif
a½Toabmykdif;NyD; awaZmuokdPf; t&[HyGg;vdkufvQif ESpfwefpvsm;
ajr[nf;vdkY wkefavmufwJh? a&rD;tpHkjyawmfrlEkdifaom jrwfpGmbk&m;/}}

49
]]tJovdkqdkygw,f/ tus,fukd Mum;emcJhzl;wmuvnf; or®m orÁK'¨
bk&m;pifppfrS yapöuAk'¨g &[EÅm om0uponfwkYdESihf rqufqHaom
a&rD;tpHk jym#d[mukd jyawmfrlEdkifMuygowJh? tJovdk jywJhtcgrSm rD;rao?
a&rcef;? uodkPf;wpfckESihfwpfck a&m,SufyGg;rsm;ovdk xif&wJhtwGuf
þum; a&? þum;rD;tvQH&,fvdkY rcJGjcm; EdkifMuatmif xl;rjcm;em;
jzpfMuygowJh/ 'gukd&nfí xl; rjcm;em;vdkY jr0wDrif;BuD; tpcsDw,f
qdkwJhtaMumif; wpfqihfpum; ynm½dSrsm;xHu rSwfom;Mum;emcJhzl;ygw,f/
'DoabmurS xl;rSjcm;em;qdkwJhoabmxuf tvGefYtvGef MunfñdkzG,f&m
jzpfygvdrfhr,f/ 'gawmif uRefawmfu t|uxm #DumawG rwwfao;vdkY}}
]]at; rif;ajymwm[kwfw,f? rif;ajymwm[kwfp&m½Sdw,f}}
bk&m;a*gyuvlBuD;yDyD OD;atmifBuD;u aumufcsufcsvdkufonf/ tcsdefrSm
wpfppukefcJhí wpfcef;vHk; "gwfrD;awGvif;cJhavNyD/ xrif;pm;NyD;í watmifh
wem;avmufwGif aomufaeusjzpfaom aumfzDESihfopfoD;wdkYyif tdrfap
uav;rsm;u toD;oD;xnfhvmí csxm;vdkufMuonf/
]]aomufygOD;uG,f aomufOD;? rif;wdkY wl&d,m*Dwuvnf; e,ftus,f
om;yguvm;? 'Dvdkqdkawmh}}
armifodef;[efonf rdrdvdkufpm;aomynmukd av;pm;pGm axmufcHazmf&
aomaMumifh tawmf0rf;ajrmuf oGm;rdonf/ a':zGm;ESpfuvnf; OD;atmifBuD;
ESihf orufavmif;tm; wpfvSnfhpDMunfhum NyHK;NyHK; NyHK;NyHK;ESihf tawmf
oabmusaeavonf/ trmMuLuawmh cspfolxHrS pum;BuD;pum;us,f
awGudk rdbrsm;uygem;pdkufae&jcif;aMumifh tawmfb0ifjrihfoGm;rdonf/
odef;[ef aumfzDyef;uefudk csvkdufaomtcg
]]axmifa&mifaeuom eJY aeodkYom qdkwmuaum ukdodef;[ef}} [k
pum;pazmfay;vdkufjyefavonf/

50
]]awGUzl;wmuawmh aeuomyJ trm&JU}}
]]aeodkYom qdkwmua&m aeuJhodkYbkef;BuD;aomrif;vdkY qdkEdkifom;yJ}}
]]tif; qdkawmh qdkEkdifygw,f? odkYayr,fh 'Dvdkqdk&if Oyrm? Oyar,s
oabmyJoufa&mufEkdifr,f/ aeuJhodkY bkef;BuD;aomrif;qdkawmh aeu Oyrm?
rif;u Oyar,saygh/ 'DvdkzJGUMuEIdif;MuwmawG½Sdyg&JU/ oajyyif0ef; qdkwJhBudK;
xJrSm ]aeEIef;pHxm;? bkef;wef;BuD;jrihfrm;} qdkwmrsKd;awGvnf; wkjcif;?
EIdif;jcif;t"dyÜg,f½SdwmyJ/ odkYayr,fh axmifa&mif aeuom qdkwmu
aerif;u wkduf½kdufoufqif;vmwJhtrsKd;vkdY qdkvdk[efwlw,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJ
qdkawmh tm'dpöAE¨K aerif;\ taqGjzpfaomrif; qdkwJh toHk;rsKd;awG
awGUzl;Muoukd;}}
]][J [J 'gjzihf aerif;&ifaoG; edyGefvlrsKd; qdkwmaygh? [kwfvm;}}
]][kwfw,f? [kwfw,f urÇmYta½SUwkdif;rSm 'DvdktoHk;rsKd;? t,ltq
rsKd;½SdMuwmyJ}}
]]uGefjrLepfawGuawmh ya'o&mZfacwfu azmfvHzm;oDcsif;awGvdkY qdkMurSm
yJaemf}}
]]tif; a½S;ESpfaygif;&mausmfu t,ltq tzJGUtEGJUawGudk ckacwfrSm 'Dvdk
ajymMurSmaygh/ aemufESpfaygif; wpf&mausmfavmufusawmhvnf; ckacwfrSm
zJGUEGJUaeMuwJh ajrBuD;ay:uvlwkdY bmwdkYqdkwJh toHk;a0g[m&rsKd;ukd tjypfwif
csifwifvmMuOD;rSmygyJ/ 'gawmhwpfa,mufwpfvSnfhayghav}}
]]tdk rif;wdkY[m aeprf;ygOD;uG,f? oDcsif;taMumif;ajym&mu EdkifiHa&;
taMumif;awG a&mufrvmprf;ygeJY? aeygOD; rif; [dkwavmu trmhukd
wufay;wm bmwJh onfaqmif;csdefcg}}
]]onfaqmif;a[refyg arar&JU}}

51
]]odygbl;at nD;wdkY emrnf? tif; tJ'guawmh aqmif;wGif;taMumif;
a&;om;xm;wmvm;}}
]]tif; aqmif;wGif;taMumif;yJqdkygawmh? 'gayr,fh oZifyef;taMumif;
csD;usL;xm;wmursm;w,f}} [k trmMuLu odef;[efudk,fpm; 0ifíajzvdkuf
NyD;rS owdwzef&ouJhodkY
]]aMomf 'geJY ukdodef;[ef}} [k pum;wef½Snfvkdufjyefawmhonf/
]]tif; qdkprf;ygOD;}}
]]onfaqmif;a[refbJGUukdajymygw,f? ewfawmf? jymodk ajrmufavwdkuf
wmwkdY ESif;uswmwdkY? oZifyef; ay:wmwkdY? bk&ifawGoHk;wmwkYdawmh
olY[meJYol t"dyÜg,f½Sif;ygbd? a½Todkif;ñGefYwvlvlqdkwmu bmukdajymwmvJ
aemufNyD; wpfcsKdUu oZifwJh? wpfcsKdUu oefYpifwJh? tJ'g b,foif;u
rSefovJvdkY}}
odef;[efrSm ajymíaumif;cJhoavmuf yg;pyfuanmif;vmNyDjzpfonfhtwGuf
t[if;? t[rf;ESihf acsmif; wpfcsuf ESpfcsufqdk;vdkufum tcsdefukd
cdk;vkduf&avonf/ NyD;awmhrS Mum;zl;em;0½SdorQudk ñSpfxkwfí
]]oZifqdkwmu yg;pyfutac:jzpfrSmaygh? oefYpifqdkwmu owfyHkrSefeJY
wlw,ftrm&JU? a&;&iftrSef? zwf&if toHqdkwmrsKd;vdk Oyrm pum;yef;
qdkygawmh? zwfwJhtoHusawmh pum;vdkYrzwfMubJ Z*g;vdkY zwfMu
ovdkaygh/ aemufNyD; tckeajymwJh a½Todkif;ñGefYwvlvlqdkwm a½Tokdif;qdkwmu
trmem;vnfatmif? jrifvG,fatmif EIdif;jy&r,fqdk&if av;ukdif;BuD;vdk
wkwfacsmif;auG;BuD;rSm ydwfjzLcsnfxm;wmyJ/ odkif;wdkY usKdif;wkdYqdkwm jrefrm
bk&ihfusufoa&aqmif y&dabm*wpfckaygh/ usKdif;qdkwmuawmh xD;ti,f
uav;eJYwlw,fvdkY Mum;zl;wmyJ/ tJ'g oZifyef;qufwJhtcg yef;ukd
odkif;eJY0ef;&Hvm&wJhtwGuf odkif;ewfyef;vdkY csD;jr§ihfNyD; ac:wwfMuao;w,f}}

52
a½ToZifaiGoZif ewf0ifonfhyef;awmf ajray:rSmryGihf a½Tokdif;ESihf0ihf&onf
yifqihfrsm;{u&mZf bkef;½Sdíjzpf&onfqdkwJh pmawGawmif½Sdoaum}}
]][kwfw,faemf oZifyef;rsm;[m ajrBuD;ay:rSm ryGihfMubl;/ 'gaMumifh
tzdk;wefMuwm xifyg&JU}} [k a':zGm;ESpfu 0ifíaxmufcHvkdufonf/
]]at;av tzdk;wefr,fqdkwefavmufa&maygh/ oefYpifyef;qdkwJh trnfeJY
vdkufatmif 'Dyef;rsKd;u roefYwJh ae&mrSmvnf; raygufbl;qdkyJuG}} [k
OD;atmifBuD;uvnf; axmufcHjyefonf/
]][kwfw,fcifAs? teHYtoufqdk;0g;wJh XmersKd;rSmvnf; b,favmufyJysKd;ysKd;
wpdk;wpdrS rjzpfxGef;bl;wJh/ omoemeJY ywfoufwJh 0wåuajrrsm;rSmvnf;
raygufbl;wJh/ avoefY? a&oefY? ajroefYrS pifpifMu,fMu,f ayguf wwfvdkY
oefYpifyef;&,fvdkYac:MuowJh/ 'gaMumifh avmuDq&mrsm;u *rkef;yifysH
&,fvdkYorkwfNyD; tEkaq;? yD,aq;? ewfBuD;ig;yg;aq;wdkYrSm xnfhBudwf
&owJh/ ajrBuD;rSm OeJYaygufwJhopfyifyef;yGihfwkdYukd *rkef;vdkYrac:bJ
yrkef;vdkYac:Muw,fqdkvm;?½Sifbk&if½SdpOfwkef;uqdk&if ½Srf;jynfe,f? awmifil
? ykyÜg; qdkwJht&yfawGu vmqufo&owJh/ tJ'D yef;awmfqufrsm;ukd
oD;oefYjcm;em;xm;NyD; ajrcGef? aiGcGef? tcGefawmft&yf&yf rif;wdkif;rsm;
vGwfNidrf;apowJh}}
]]ykyÜg;uvmquf&w,fqdkwm [kwfr,f arar? a½TzsOf;nDaemifwdkY[m
yef;awmfquf&mxl;eJY yk*Hukdvm&w,f r[kwfvm;}}
]]at; [kwfouGJU}}
]]tJ'gawGudk yk*H0efaxmufrif; OD;wif arwåmpma&;xm;wm½Sdygao;w,f}}
]]pvHk;rS ZuJGukdajymif;orI? orkwd|mefajymif; trnfopfavmif;aomfvnf;
taumif;wumhxdwfydwf? tedwfwumhya*;? tarT;wumh xdyfwif?
t,OfwumhMuiSef;? ,ckumv tcsKdUu oZifyef;[k tac:yifqef;Mu

53
aomfvnf; yef;wumhbk&if ajrwGifrayguf½HkrQru 'k*E¨½SdorQ roefYaom
XmewGif oefYpifyef;oefY r&yfwefYbJ a½SmifvTJumoGm;avh½Sdonfwpfjzm/
omoem0w¬Kue,frsm; qufqHvQifvnf; wpfcgwnf;a½Smif½Sm;í ajymif;
oGm;avh½Sdonf wpfwef/ trSefpifppf avoefYa&oefY taeoefYjzpfaom
opfyifjrwfjzpfonfvnf; wpfaMumif;/ yef;aygif; aq;aygif;? *rkef;aygif;?
rif;aygif;? Budwfaygif;pkaqmif;onfhtcg oefYpifyef; yg&onfwpfaxG/
a&arT;trsKd;rsKd; tzdk;weftcef;rSmvnf; oefYpifyef;twGuf arT;ysHUysHU &eHY
xGufatmifcsuf&onf wpfcef;/ oefYpifyef;aygufaom NrdKU½Gmaus;ajrrsm;u
yef;quf&olvltrsm;rSm csrf;ompGmaecGihf&NrJ wpfrsKd;/ tusKd;oGm;t&yf&yf
oHk;enf;taygif; ½Hk;pnf;aygif; xHk;a[mif;ukd [yfvkdufaomf usrf;wwftarmf
q&mausmfwdkY xkwfazmfa&;om;Muaom rkav;yef; tcef;wGif yef;wum
t&yf&yf arT;arT;ysHUysHU ta0;ESHUaom rkav;eHY tjrwfqHk;[k ed*Hk;csKyfpum;
jyqdkumxm;aomfvnf; ajrmufjrm;axGaxG ajrjyifwpfavQmuf pdkufysKd;&m&m
wdk;yGg;um rsm;pGmaygufonfhjyif oefYpifyef;atmuf wpfpcef; a&muf?
wpfaxmufvdkcsKd;? toa&jyefYjyefY av a& ajr oefYjyefY&ef vdkaom
tcsufonf oufaocHvufawGU jzpfawmhwonfwJh}}
odef;[efonf trmMuL\ qHxHk;wGif wvIyfvIyfw,dkif,kdif tcdkifcsif;
upm;aeMuaom abmfjzLaiGyGihf½dk;wH qihfonfh bk&ihfoZifrsm;ukdMunfhum
]arwåmpm}½Gwfjyaeavonf/
OD;atmifBuD;wGif csufcsufcsmcsm ajymwwfaom om;rufavmif;ukd
av;jrwfpGmMunfh&if;
]]at; at; [kwfouGJU wdkYi,fi,fuMum;zl;wmvnf; ykyÜg;em;u tif;wdkif
ydefnif;qkdwJh½GmrSm tcGefawmf vGwfq,fhESpfrIrif;wkdif;vGwf ul;wdkYqdyfwnf
yGJawmfaumuftpm;vGwfowJh/ wpfESpfwpfcg oefYpifyef;ay:&ifom

54
yefawmfyef;&,fvdkYcsnfeDyg;odkif;aqmif;NyD; NAJwdkufawmfqufo&onfwJh/
tJ'Dyef;awmfqufawGvm&if aejynfawmfu aps;csKdtaumuftcGefpm;&owJh/
aps;aumufawGayghvuGm}} [k yufvufukvm;xkdifBuD;ay:rSaeí
aomufaeaom aq;jyif;vdyfBuD;ukd jymacR&if; axmufcHvkdufavonf/
]]tr,f 'gjzihf awmfawmftcGihfta&;&om;yJaemf azaz}}
]]'gayghorD;&JU ½Sifbk&ifu odyfajr§mufpm;wm}}
]]aps;xJrSm csa&mif;vdkuf&&if bmajymaumif;rvJ/ ckumvaps;xuf
aps;BuD;&rSmayghaemf? ½Sifbk&ifuawmif ta&;ay;xm;wJhyef;}}
]][m; [m; [m; aps;xJcsa&mif;vdkuf&if t½kdufcHvdkuf&r,fhtrsKd;}}
]][if bmjzpfvdkYvJ azaz}}
]]OD;wdk;&mr&uefxJa&;xm;wm Munfhygvm;orD;&JU}}
]]NrdKU0efrifhpm vdyfrygbJ uG,f&maps;jyif a&mif;vdkYrsm;jrifuav aocsifao?
½Sifcsif½Sif tifrwdtifrwef &mZ0wfawmfcH&onf jrwfyefawmfyef;
cdkifvHk;vef;ukd [dkavmif;yef;yGihf b,f*kPf0ihfrvJ bkef;ESihfuHESihfa½ToZifwJh}}
OD;atmifBuD;u i,fi,fu&zl;aom &mr&uef wpfcsKdUwpf0ufukd ½Gwfjyonf/
odef;[efu tbdk;BuD;ukd NyHK;NyHK;BuD;Munfhvdkufonf/ olYoabmxJrSmawmh
]]tvJh tbdk;BuD;u tvmBuD;yJ}} [k qdkvdk[ef½Sdonf/ trmMuLurl zatukd
wpfvSnfh cspfolukdwpfvSnfh Munfhaerd&mu
]]'gjzihf ½Sifbk&ifawGu 'Dyef;ukd rdkEdkykdvDvkyfxm;wmayghaemf}} [k ya'o&mZf
acwfukd a0zefvdkufonf/
]][kwfw,f yef;&mZmtarmf eef;awmfwGifray: orQ Ak'¨a½SUawmfwGif
½Sifbk&ifrwiforQ tdrfa½SUawmf 0efaxmuftdrf b,frif;om;tdrf rSL;tdrf
rwftdrf b,faps;rS ray:&/ trdefYawmftwefwef vTwfawmfwGifjyef&zl;
ygonf/}} vdkY 0efaxmufawmfrif;OD;wifu qdkxm;awmh csKyfcs,fovdk

55
awmhjzpfaew,f/ 'gayr,fh bk&m;ukdtrSL; xm;NyD; OD;OD;zsm;zsm; uyfcsifvdkY
qdk&ifaum}}
armifodef;[efu trmMuL\tmabmfukd aumufcsufcsvdkufonf/ eukdu
pum;cyfenf;enf;jzpfaom a':zGm;ESpfuawmh orD;ESihfom;rufavmif;
a½SUoGm;aemufvkdufnDrnD tqifajyrI½Sdr½Sd tuJcwfae[efom½Sdonf/
b,foluajymajym NyHK;NyHK;BuD;om em;axmifaeonf/
tcsdefonf nOfheufrSef;rod eufvmav\/
cspfcifESpfoufaomyk*K¾d vfESihf pum;pjrnf pdwfat;vufat; cspfzG,faom
pum;ukd ajymMum;ae&rl w&dyf&dyf wa½GUa½GUukefvGefaom tcsdefwdkYukd
owdrxm;rdwwfMuay/
xdktcdkuf odef;[efwdkYpum;0kdif;odkY aemufxyf0ifvmolrSm qefpufu
vmonfh boufjzpfonf/ OD;atmifBuD;\ oD&dr*FvmqefpufrSm NrdKUpGef
avmufusojzihf rD;xif;udpö pdwfcs&atmif qefpuftvkyf½Hk;rSmyif
bouftzdkY wpfoD;wpfeef;pdkufay;cJhonf/
tdrfaxmify&dabm*tjynfhtpHk½Sdaom vlaecef;ESihf txufatmufjzpfonfh
tvkyf½Hk;onf bouf\ blrdeufoefjzpfcJhonf/ olYb0\ wdk;wufBuD;yGg;
&m atmifajrrSefcJhonf/ xdkae&muyif trmjzLukd &cJhonf/
odkYaomf NrdKUwGif;u wkdufukdum; nwdkif;vdkvdk tvkyfudpöt00rsm;ESihf
ywfoufí OD;atmifBuD;\ twdkifyif cH&atmif nnDvmcH0ifpNrJjzpfonf/
]]a[; armifbouf vm vm xkdif}}
boufu cyf½kdU½kdU0ifxkdif&if; pE´,m;em;u odef;[efukd vSrf;Munfhum
EIwfqufvdkufonf/
]]tr,f armifodef;[ef b,fwkef;u a&mufaeovJ? ausmif;ydwfvdkufyvm;}}
]][kwfuJh ukdbouf 'DaeYyJ}}

56
aqG&if;rsKd;csmjzpfaeaom armifboufonf armifodef;[efwdkY om;trdukdyg
tuRrf;w0if cifrif&if;ESD;cJhonf/ trmMuLESifh odef;[efwdkY\ tajctae
tvm;tvmukdyif odxm;oljzpffonfhtavsmuf odef;[efudk EIwfquf&if;
reD;ra0;u trmMuLukdyg pyfNzJNzJESihf vSrf;Munfhvdkuf&m pdwfrvHkaom
trmu rsufapmif;ESihf jyefyufvdkufonf/ trmMuLukd boufu p aeus?
aemufajymifaeMujzpfonf/ olYvufay:rSmyif BuD;jyif;vmcJhaom trmMuLukd
boufu uav;rav;t½G,favmufxuf ykdí txifrBuD;/
]]pE´,m;wD;rvdkYvm;? vkyfprf;ygOD;? ukd,fwdkYygem;axmif&atmif}}
]]at;uG,ftaumif;om;yJ oDcsif;taMumif;awGajymaeMuwmeJY ususee
wpfyk'frSem;raxmif&ao;ygbl;}} [k a':zGm;ESpfu wdkufwGef;vdkufonf/
]]uJ trmu oDcsif;qdkuGm}}
]][,f vkyfNyD ukdboufBuD;u}}
]][kwfom;yJ tqdkeJY twD;eJYrS NrdKifNrdKifqdkifqdkif½Sdawmhraygh? qdkvdkufyguG,f
orD;uvnf;}}
]]tr,f olu tqdkcdkif;vdkY aps;ukdifaewmyg}}
]][if;aemf ukdboufBuD; vlukd rpeJY}}
]]uJ vmyg trm&,f oDcsif;qdkwm ½Sufp&mrSwfvdkY}}
]]bmqdk&rSmvJvdkY}}
]]udk,fwufay;xm;wJh onfaqmif;a[refyJqdkygvm;}}
]]'gjzihf ukdboufBuD; pnf;vmwD;ay;vSnfh}}
trmMuLum; rqdkcsifovdkvdk uwfwD;uwfzJh vkyfaeír&onfhtqHk;
odef;[ef xdkifae&mem;odkY a&mufoGm;&avonf/ armifboufu pE´,m;
ay:wGif½Sdaom pnf;uav;ukd aumufukdifum wpfcsufESpfcsufcwfMunfh
vkdufao;onf/

57
xdkYaemuf odef;[efubJGUcHí onfaqmif;a[refukd tpjyKawmhav&m
trmMuLu rwdk;rus,f twD;ukd wG,fí vdkufqdk&awmhomwnf;/
]]onfaqmif;a[ref
ajrmufjyefavnif; aqmfw,fukd/
ewfawmf? jymodk? cGgñdkwnfh ESif;zHkzHk}}
a[rEÅOwk0,f trmMuL\ oDcsif;oHuav;rSm ESif;aiG&nfa&mvmaom
ajrmufjyefav[kefukdpD;í wdkufcef;wGif;0,f a0hvnfaeawmhonf/ odef;[ef
\pE´,m;oHuvnf; aw;oH½Sif vSdrfhEdkif vl;Edkifatmif aumfaZmBuD;cif;
ay;ouJhokdY ysHUysHUysL;ysL;½Sdav\/
]]½dk;wHqihfzl;iHk?
0wfrIef 0wfrIef wihfqHk;?
oZif oZif yef;*rkef;i,fESihfav;}}
trmMuLonf qdkaevsufu pE´,m;yef;tdk;uav;xJ½Sd oZifcufuav;
rsm;ukd rsufpda&mufoGm;rdonf/ xdkoZifcufuav;rsm;ukdMunfh&if; olYpdwf
rSm pdrfhBuD;? NrdKifBuD; awmawmifBuD;xJodkY a&mufoGm;avonf/ a½T0wfrIef
aiG0wfrIef wokefokef av,lvTihfí yifj rihfu o,HZmw yef;awGudk
jrifa,mifrdonf/ rm;rm;pGihfpGihf <um;<um;0ihf0ihf vkyfvJhvkyfvD ½SdMuonf/
vloHESihf a0;oavmuf csL&efvnf; cufao;onf/
]]a½Teef;awmfvHk;? rif;oHk;i,fpdk;,l?
oG,foG,fñGwfukdif;? a½Tokdif;ñGefYwvlvl?
½Srf;jynfawmifil? MunfjzLqufNrJrSefvSav?
*rkef;tif? oZif a½Tyef;vIdifvSav;?
od*ÐvQHvef;? pdefpDrSefeef;ay:i,frSm?
yefqif&m a½Tauom jref;ygvdkY?

58
onfyef;rS jrwfyef;awmf}}
taqmifukdif vkvifysKd? vHkrysKdwkdYonf 0efBuD;wwdkif;BuD;wdkY\ a½SUrS
vnf;aumif;? aemufrSvnf;aumif;? wpfzuf0J,mwdkYrSvnf;aumif;?
oufqkdif&m taqmifta,mif y&dabm*rsm;ukdukdifí NAJwkdufawmfodkY
wa½GUa½GUvdkufyg vSrf;vmvsuf½SdMuonf/ uGrf;tpf? axG;tif? a&wHaumif;?
vufzuftkyfponfwdkYrSm rdrdwdkYoufqkdif&m rSL;BuD;rwfBuD;wdkYtwGuf
jzpfonf/
NAJwdkufawmf eef;wdkifBuD;rsm;rSm a½Ta&mifw0if;0if;½Sdonf/ wdkifatmufajc
wGif &ifharmif;aom [oFmy'g; a&mifonf &JaoG;&Jrmefukd wuf<uatmif
zefwD;aeouJhodkY½Sdonf/ a½SUokdif;? aemufodkif;cif;í tv,fA[dku
ajcvSrf;rSefrSefESihfygvmolrSm eef;rawmfBuD;\ yef;awmfquf tysKdawmfBuD;
apmokeE´m jzpfcsdrfhrnf/ olYvufwGif wpfayGUwpfykduf½dSaom aiGzvm;BuD;ukd
av;jrwfpGm ukd,frScGgí aqmif,lcJhonf/ xdktxJu pdrf;zefYzefY0gEkaoG;
jzLazG;,Sufoef; vef;qef;aeaom oZifyef;cufwdkYrSm odkif;awmfwGif
qifxm;aom omcgoabFmydwfjzLjzLEkESihf t,Ofcsif; vkaeouJhokdY
xif&onf/
xdkYaemufrS y&dowftcsKdUum; pnfy[dk&foHESihfa0;uGmonfh aus;awmu
yef;awmfquf{nfhonfrsm;ESihf o@mefwlonfh olwkdYaemufrS tdk;pnfAHkarmif;
wD;um wpfodkufwpf0ef;vdkufygcJhaom toHk;awmfcHwdkYrSmvnf; jrL;xl;í
½TifysuckefoDqdkvsuf ½SdMuonf/
txufygtjcif;t&mwdkYrSm *DwwGifepfjrKyfoGm;aom trmMuL\ tm½Hkrsm;
jzpfonf/ olonf Mum;zl;em0 odef;[ef\A[kokwrS wpfqihfaygufzGm;
vmaom OD;aESmuf½kyf½Sifrsm;ukd Munfhae&jcif;omjzpfygonf/

59
odef;[ef\pE´,m;vufoHaumif;oavmuf trmMuL\tqdkuvnf; cHhnm;
ay:vGifonf/ Xmefu½kdPf;usjcif;? tqJGtiiftjzwftawmufaumif;jcif;?
toHat;í Munfvifjcif;onf vufoHajymifvSaom pE´,m;tcHhtuGuf
tMum;wGif upm;csifwkdif; upm;aeMuaomaMumifh wdwfqdwfvSaom
ntcsdefwGif tm½Hkykdírdavonf/ wD;oluvnf; tm;yg;w&? qdkoluvnf;
pnf;0g;wus? em;axmifolrsm;uvnf; tom;ygaeMujcif;aMumifh wpfwkduf
vHk;NidrfaeMuav\/
wu,fqdkawmh vlwdkif;vlwdkif;onf oDcsif;NyD;onftxd ukd,fhtawG;
ESihfukd,f idkifaerdMuonf/ boufonf olYZeD;onftrmjzLukd oGm;í
owd&rdonf/ trmjzLukd,fwkdif pE´,m;ukdawmh rawmufwacguf
wD;wwfonf/ tdrfodkY odef;[efaygufvmwkdif;
]][Jhaumifav; igh wD;jycJhprf;}}
]][Jh odef;[ef igwD;wmrSef&JUvm; em;axmifMunfhprf;}}
]]armifodef;[ef [dk oDcsif;yk'fuav; ihgoifay;cJhprf;uG,f}} pojzihf acsmhum
wpfwef? rmefumwpfvSnfh &if;&if;ESD;ESD; ylqmwwfonf/ cdkif;wwfonf/
tysKduwnf;u pE´,m;ukd0goemygí olYtwGuf ol0,f,lxm;aom
pE´,m;rSm xdkpOfu ,ck trmMuL0ifí aqmhwm acgufwm avmufom
½Sdonf/
boufpdwfwGif þuJhokdY atmufarhcHpm;vdkuf&onfukd rdbESpfyg;pvHk;
tuJcwfvdkufrdonf/ xdkYaMumifh pdwfaysmufvufajy pum;t½Tef;uav;
azmufum
]]trmMuLeJY armifodef;[ef ruGmvm;a[h armifbouf}} [k a&mvkduf&onf/
]][m trmwD;wmu pE´,m;ay: <uufavQmufwmeJY w,fwlwm}}

60
]]vmjyefNyDwpfa,muf csefyD,HeJYEIdif;EIdif;NyD; vlukd cvkyfwkdufMuwm/ awmfNyD
awmfNyD aemufrsm;pE´,m;ukd wdkYawmifrwdkYawmhbl;}} [k rsufESmxm;
uav;u wu,fpdwfqdk;ovdk aqmihfaqmihfatmihfatmihfvkyfypfvkdufaom
aMumihf þwGifrS wpftdrfom;vHk; [',½Tifaq;wpfcGufavmuf aomufoHk;
vdkufMu&ovdk ayghoGm;Muawmhonf/
]]tdk orD;uvnf; tusihf½Sdvmawmh wjznf;jznf;aumif;vmrSmaygh? tckae
armifodef;[efvmwkef; enf;enf; yg;yg; wD;uGufuav; bmav;
wuf,lvdkufygvm;}} [k a':zGm;ESpfu orD;i,ftm; tm;ay;tm;ajr§muf
vkyfonfhwdkif
]][m ararh ukdodef;[efuvnf; wpfzufom;ukd pdwf½Snfvuf½SnfeJY
jyay;csifwmrSr[kwfbJ? olYbmomol vnfoavmuf eif;uefwD;oGm;wm/
trm b,frSwfrdEkdifawmhrvJ}} [k odef;[efukdyg rsufapmif;uav;ESihf
xdk;Munfh vkdufaomaMumifh
]]at; at; oifay;r,fhq&mukd 'Dvdk &efawGUuwnf;u wwfua&mhr,f?
bmjzpfvdkY 'DavmufatmufuscHNyD; oifcsif&wmvJ}} [k boufu
azmufvkdufjyefojzihf armifodef;[efyg 0dkif;í&,fvdkufMu&jyefav\/
þodkYESihf armifbouftzdkY pdwfaysmufvufajyjzpfoGm;um rMumrD
tvkyfudpörsm;ESihf ywfoufaom pum;rsm;okdY a&mufoGm;NyD;vQif
OD;atmifBuD;ESihf qefpyg;udpö? pufudpöwkdifyifNyD;rS pufokdYjyefoGm;av&m
a':zGm;ESpfonf armifboufxGufoGm;onfukd vkdufMunfh&if; oufr
jyif;jyif;BuD;csvdkufrdav\/
]]aMomf bouf bouf? 'if;ukdjrifwkdif; trmjzLukdom oGm;oGm;
owd&awmhwmyJ}} [k nnf;wGm;&mu rsuf&nfuav;rsm;yif cyfprf;prf;
jzpfvmaomaMumihf

61
]]uG,f ocFg&awG ocFg&awG? aeYaoeJYnao? a½SUoGm;eJY aemufvkdufBuD;ygyJ/
xl;awmhrxl;Muygbl;}} [k OD;atmifBuD;u w&m;jy&½Smonf/
]]tif; rru pE´,m;rsm;qdk trmhxuf0goemygao;? ararwdkY azazwdkYu
olY[molaewmtaumif;om;eJY oufqdk;r½Snfatmif vifay;pm;Muwm}} [k
trmMuLuyg cyfikdifidkifajymae&if;u idkawmhrvdkjzpfvmaomaMumifh
]]uJ uJ 'gawGajymraeMueJYawmh/ ukodkvfuHtwdkif; aowJhvlu ao&½SmNyD
usefwJholawGom pdwfcsrf;omzdkY ta&;BuD;w,f/ tif; armifodef;[ef
rjyefao;&if rif;ESrukd wD;uGufuav; bmav; jyvkdufprf;ygOD;uG,f/
OD;wdkYawmh tdyf&mxJuyJ em;axmifawmhr,f/}} [k ajymajymqdkqdk
nnf;nnf;wGm;wGm;ESihf udk;em&DrS rxdk;ao;rD pdwfvufraumif;Muojzihf
wdkufay:okdY wufoGm;Mu&um; trmMuLyif idkifwdidkifawGESihf usef&pfcJh&
avonf/
]]vmavtrm vufaygufuav;awG MunfhvSnfhygvm;}} [k ac:rS
pdwfryghwygtem;uyfvmaomaMumihf
]]uJ b,ftydk'fvJ rrSwfrdbl;qdkwm}}
]][dk ½dk;wHqihf zl;iHk qdkwJh tykd'fuav;av aumif;aumif;rvnfao;bl;}} [k
ajym&aomfvnf; pdwfwGif;um; tpfrtwGuf 0rf;enf;yufvuf vGrf;emx
aeonfh toHomjzpfav\/
]]tdk 'gvm; 'gu bmrSrcufygbl;? Munfhaemf? ½dk;wHqihfzl;iHk? 0wfrIef 0wfrIef
avwihfqHk;? oZif oZif yef;*rkef;i,fESihfav;}}
odef;[efu olukd,fwkdifqdk&if; pE´,m;vufuGufawGudk cyfrSefrSefwD;jyonf/
]]tJ'Dtykd'f[m *E¨rmawmifxJu ]qGwfcsLi,f ,liif yefqifav yefqifav
yefqifav &nfpl; qifrnfom pdwfu,ful;} qdkwmeJY bmrSrxl;bl;/
b,fuav;enf;enf;zufvdkuf&if omNyD;cHhoGm;wmaygh? uJ wD;Munfhprf;}}

62
trmMuLu enf;enf;pdwf0ifpm;vmum odef;[efae&mukd,lí wD;Munfh
onf/ odkYaomf twJGtzuf tenf;i,f[maeao;ojzihf odef;[efu
tem;uyfíjy&jyefonf/ wpfcgwpfcgvnf; tm;rvdk tm;r&jzpfvmonfh
tavsmuf trmMuL\ aemufausmbufu ycHk;ukdausmfí odef;[ef\
vufESpfzufpvHk;ukd toHk;csíjy&jyefonf/
eD;pyfyGef;wD;íaejcif;onf trmMuLüom pE´,m;ukd tm½Hkpl;pdkufvSí
owdrjyK*½krxm;? ausmrS r,m;aomf vnf; odef;[efwGifrl olYacgif;ay:u
a0aeatmifyefxm;aom oZifyef;&eHYESihfa&mí trmMuL\ ukd,feHYuav;
rsm;u tcspf"gwfukd EId;vdkufqGvdkuf vkyfaeaomaMumihf rMumrMum
w½SL;½SL;w½SJ½SJ rpl;r&J jzpfae&avonf/
]]'guav;jy&wmawmif pdwfr½Snfbl;vm; ukdodef;[ef? [kwfvnf;[kwf
yg&JUav? trmhukdu wpfcgjyvnf; r&? ESpfcgjyvnf;r&}}
]]tdk tdk r[kwfygbl;}}
]][ihftif; trmuÚmPfukdxdkif;w,f awmfNyD}}
]]tdk r[kwfwm? wD;rSmomwD;yg trm&}}
]]EdkY bmjzpfvdkY oufrBuD;cscsae&wmvJ}}
]]oufrcswmu tdk wD;omwD;ygvdkYqdk}}
]][iftif; oif&wJhvlukd tm;emw,f}}
trmMuLu odef;[ef\rsufESmukd armhMunfhvdkufaomtcgrSm tcspfcdk;?
tcspfrIdif;a0í rsufawmifBuD; pif;aeaom rsufESmuJukdowdxm;rdawmh&m
rdrdausmjyifwpfckvHk;rSmvnf; odef;[ef\ &ifcGifwGif;odkY vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm;
ra&muf½Hkwpfr,f jzpfaeonfukd od&onfESihfwpfNydKifeuf ausmcsrf;í
MuufoD;xvmawmhavonf/

63
xdkYaMumifh cspfonf[k qdk&apumrl aMumufwmuvnf; wpfzufwpfvrf;
u½Sdao;aomaMumihf wD;aeaom acG;ajcuav;rS<uí qwfueJ x&yf
vdkufonfESihf
]]xdkifygtrm&JU b,fxrvdkYvJ ukdodef;[ef 'Dvdkaewmuav;rS rESpfouf
Ekdifbl;vm;}} [k [efYvdkufrS cyfawGawGuav;jyefxkdifvdkufrdjyefonf/
]]trm}}
odef;[efu pdwfyifyef;oHESihfac:jyef&m þwpfcgwGifrl aMumufaMumuf½GUH½GHU
ESihf acgif;rSrazmf0HhawmhbJ
]]½Sif}} [k toHwkefuav;ESihfom xl;vkdufaomaMumihf
]]ukdodef;[ef pdwfarmae&wm odw,fr[kwfvm;trm}} [k aoG;wdk;prf;
vdkuf&m tb,fukd&nf½G,fí tb,fukd qG,fonfukd &dyfrdaeNyDjzpfaomf
vnf; odygw,f[líum; 0efrcH0Hh? razmfjy0HhaomaMumihf &ifuav;wGifom
ykZGefqdwfckefovdkomckefae½Smav\/
xGuf0ifoGm;vmaeonfrSm umvMumjrihfaeNyDjzpfonfhwdkif odef;[eftm;
tckwpfcgavmuf rnfonfh tcgurS raMumufr½GHUcJhzl;onfukd trSwfjyKrd
avonf/ ,ckwpfBudrfum; aMumuf½GHUrQru tlwGif;? tonf;wGif;uyg
½dk;wdk;½Gwjzpfatmif ½dk;wGif;csOfqDxJu vIdufvIdufwufaeaomaMumihf
*emrNidrfEdkifonfESihftwl pE´,m;cvkyfuav; rsm;ukdom yGwfoyfupm;
ouJhodkY ae&avonf/
tcef;BuD;rSm cgwkdif;xufNidrfoufpGm olwdkYESpfOD;tm; tuJcwfaeav\/
odef;[ef\ tlwGif;oabmukd rajymcifuodESihfNyD;jzpfaom trmMuLwGif
tcef;BuD;Nidrfaeav touf½I rSm;awmhrwwf pdwfaemufavjzpfbdonf/
wu,fhwu,fqdk&vQif cspfrIBudKufrIxuf 0goemcsif;wlrIu &Jwif;yGef;wD;

64
atmif aqmif½GufvIHUaqmfjcif;jzpfcJh&m xdkokdY&Jwif;yGef;wD;pGmaerdjcif;aMumifh
pdwf\tqihftwef;wpfrsKd; wdk;wuf vmawmhonfukd ,ckrS&dyfrdawmhonf/
pE´,m;wD;aepOfu ynda`E´wnfMunfrIonf ,ckodef;[ef\ &ifcGifESihfrjcm;
awmhaom vufarmif;BuD;rsm; tMum;wGifae&aomtcg pMu0VmwpfjyifvHk;
ukef;aMumif;avQmufajy;ae&ouJhokdYvnf;aumif;?tZ#maumif;uifavtjyif
umvü rdk;wdrfwdkufrsm;ESihftwl vGihfyg;vSnfhvnfae&ouJhokdYvnf;aumif;
trsKd;rsKd;acsmufcsm;aeavonf/
rnfrQavmufyif rdrdukd,fukdrdrd acwfqefí a,musFm;rsm;ESihf ycHk;csif;
,SOf0Hhonf[k txifBuD;cJhrdvihfupm; wu,fhwu,f bDvl;awGU'l;awGU
awhawhqdkifqdkif tcspfwvif;ü ppfcif;íNydKifaeMu&onfh ,ckvdk
rdepfuav;wGifrl Zmwfwlom;r[kwfonfukd cJGcJGjcm;jcm;BuD; odomEkdifawmh
onfESihftrQ [',"mwfrSmavjzwfíupm;aeouJhodkY ½Sdacsonf/
]]trm ukdodef;[efajymwmukd jyefajymygOD;}}
]]trm bmajym&rSmvJvdkY}}
]]ukdodef;[ef bmjzpfvdkY pdwfarmae&w,fqdkwm trmodw,fr[kwfvm;}}
trmMuLrSm rnfokdYrQjyefrajzEkdif qGHUtaeouJhodkY ½Sdav\/
]][if vdkY trm}}
]]bmvJ ukdodef;[ef&JU}}
]]trmodw,fr[kwfvm;}}
]]trmb,fodwwfrvJ ukdodef;[ef? apawm y&d, tbdnmOf&wJh &[EÅmr
BuD;rS r[kwfao;wm}}
]]rodvdkY odatmif ajymjy&ifaum}}
]]ajymjy&if em;axmifae&rSmaygh}}
]]em;axmifae½HkeJY rjzpfao;bl;av? tif; vdkufOD;rSaygh}}

65
]]tdk [dk [dk ukdodef;[efuvJ? uav;uav;yHkajymaewmvdkufvdkY tif;
vdkuf&OD;rSmvm;}}
]]r[kwfbl;av oabmwlzdkYajymwm}}
]][m bmrSef;rod&cifu oabmwl&r,fqdkwmawmh ukdodef;[efyJ pOf;pm;
Munfhprf;ygOD;? EkdifxufpD;eif; rusvGef;bl;vm;}}
odef;[efwGif pum;rqufEkdifavmufatmif tHhtm;oihfoGm;av\/ pwif&ef
cufygbd toufaMumihfarmifyl qdkouJhokdY tpcufaeawmhavNyD/ pum;
wwfí yg;eyfvdr®maom trmMuLtm; vdk&if;a&mufatmif rnfuJhokdY
qJG&ygrnfenf;/ trmMuL odonf/ trmMuLodaeNyDjzpfaMumif;ukdvnf;
odef;[efodxm;ygNyD/ odkYaomf odkYaomf todacgufcuft0ifeufaeonf[k
qdk&rvm;/ tdyfa,mifaqmifolukd tEId;cufonf[k qdk&rvm;/ odef;[efwGif
rpl;r&Jjzpfae&av\/
]]trmu odyfNyD; pum;wwfwdkif; vSnfhywfaewmukd;}} [k om nnf;rdonf/
]]ukdodef;[efukd trmuvSnfhaewmr[kwfygbl;/ ukdodef;[efuom trmhukd}}
trmMuLu pum;ukd qHk;atmifrajym0HhouJhokdY wkefwkef,if,ifESihf &yfqdkif;
ypfvdkufonf/ rMum;0Hhaom pum;vHk;BuD;rsm;onfvnf; odef;[ef\
EIwfzsm;rS eihfeihfeJeJBuD;xGufvmawmhrnfukd trmMuLü txdwfwvefY
,HkMunfaeaomfvnf; xoGm;&efrjzpfonfhtavsmuf onf;cHae& ouJhokdY
½Sdonf/
]]trmodygw,f trm&,f/ ukdodef;[ef b,fvdkjzpfae&w,fqdkwm trm
aumif;aumif;BuD; odygw,f/ oufoufrJh trm ynm½SdESdyfpufaewmyg}}
odef;[efu ajymajymqdkqdk trmMuLxkdifaeaom pE´,m;wD;cHkuav;\
tpGef;wpfzufodkY0ifí uwfoD;uwf owf wifyg;vTJ xkdifcsvdkufonf/
]]trm ukdodef;[efukd pdwfrqdk;eJYaemf}}

66
trmMuLrSm olajymvdkufaom pum;xuf usOf;usOf;usyfusyf wdk;rda0SYrdaom
tawGUtxdu rdk;BudK;puf txdcHvdkuf&ouJhokdY jzpfoGm;aomaMumihf
]]qdk;ygbl;}} [k vTwfueJ yg;pyfuxGufoGm;rdonf/ NyD;rS igrSm;NyD[k
aemifwBuD;&vihfupm; odef;[ef\ toem;pmESihf t,lcHvTmukd vufcH
vkdufrdNyD;jzpfaeojzihf wtdtdESihf rdrdbufokdYygvmatmif qJGaeaom
odef;[ef\ vufukd ½kef;aomfvnf; vHk;vHk;BuD; r&awmhacs/
]]ukdodef;[ef 'Dvdkawmh rvkyfygeJY}}
trmMuL\avoHrSm a'goryg? tmPmoHra&muf? toem;cHovdkom
½Sdonf/
]]trm trm ukdodef;[efukd rcspfbl;vm;trm&,f}} [k xyfí ar;aejyef&m
xdkar;cGef;ukd ajz&efavmufawmh trmMuLtzdkYvG,fulygonf/ okdYaomf
xdktar;ukd tajzuav;wpfckESihf ed|dwHoGm;rnfr[kwfbJ ]]cspf&if oem;yg}}
[laom aemufqufwJGu xGufvmvdrfhOD;rnfukd BudKwifí&dyfpm;rd
aomaMumihf cufjyefonf/
]]ukdodef;[efukd rcspfbl;xifyg&JU trm [if? ukdodef;[efuom aoravmuf
cspfaeayr,fh trmuawmh}}
odef;[ef\toHrSm wu,fh0rf;enf;oHrsKd;ay:aeavonf/ þvdkqdkjyefawmh
Eke,fMuifemwwfaom rdef;uav;twGuf ,lusHK;r&p&m &ifxkrem
jzpfrdjyefao;onf/
]]pOf;pm;Munfhygvm; ukdodef;[ef? rcspf&if 'Dvdkaeyghrvm;}}
rsufESmomay; a½Ta&;yk*Hwufwwfaom 0goemrSm a,musFm;uav;awG\
ADZjzpfonf/
]]rawmfbl;xifw,f ukdodef;[ef? enf;enf;z,fay;ygOD;? trm raewwf
awmhbl;]] [k pdwfarmovdk ajymonfukd

67
]]'geJY cspfw,fqdk trm&JU? udkodef;[ef rcspf&bl;vm;}}
]]cspfawmh cspfwmaygh? cspf&ygw,f/ tckvnf; rkef;aevdkYvm;}}
]]rrkef;vdkY ykdifpdk;ykdifeif; cspfcsifwmukdajymwm}}
]]r*Fvmraqmifcif 'DvdkyJaeoGm;yg ukdodef;[ef? trm rcspf0Hhbl;/
awmfawmfMum zG[Jh vGJap z,fap r*Fvmraqmifjzpf&if}}
]][m edrdwfr½Sd ermr½Sd trmajym&ufwmaemf? 'Dtajca&mufrS bmjzpfvdkY
r*Fvmraqmifjzpf&rSmvJ? armifhukd r,HkvdkYvm;/ wpfrdk;atmufrSm wpfa,muf
vdkYrSwfxm;wJhtaumifyg/ trmh rsufESmuav;&,f? a[m'DrsufvHk;uav;?
a[m'DESmwHuav;awGrSm armifhtoufwpfykdif;0ifaeNyD;om;yg/}}
odef;[efu tvGwf&NyD;om; pmwpfykd'fukd rxpfraigh ½Gwfjyovdk rxpfraigh
wwGwfwGwfajymaeavonf/
a[m'D ESmwHuav;? rsufvHk;uav;? rsufESmuav; pojzihf rdrdukd,f
t*Fgtpdwftykdif;uav;rsm;ukd wpfckpDwpfckpDcJGjcm;í od'd̈wifaeaom
odef;[ef\ ½lyaA'uxm pum;uav;rsm;onf wu,fh wu,fqdkawmh
b0ifaoG;ajrmufatmif rodromajr§mufxdk;yihfaumf vkyfaeMuovdk½Sdonf/
]]cufwmyJ ukdodef;[ef? trm pdwfnpfvmNyD}}
trmMuLu em;o,fpukd ½IHU½IHUrJhrJhESihfukwf&if; nnf;vdkuf½Hkomwwfonf/
wu,fom&ufpufEdkifvQif jywfjywfom;om; ajymvdkufzdkYom½Sdonf/
,ckawmh rsufESmaouav;ESihf ylqmaeonfh odef;[efukd tb,fhaMumifh [k
twwfrod&bJESihf rMunfh&ufovdkvdkjzpfaomaMumifh wdkuftjyifzufokdYom
ai;aerdonf/
]]trm&JU ukdodef;[efukd tvdkvdkufw,fqdkwJh *kPfuav;ukd ,lprf;ygaemf
aemf aemfvdkY? oem;w,f r[kwfvm;? EdkYjzihf trmu bmjzpfvdkY bmjzpfvdkY
ukdodef;[ef raeEkdif rxkdifEdkif cspfcsifatmif vSaeao;vJ? uJ aemufNyD;

68
ukdodef;[efukd cspfw,fvnf;qdkao;&JU? 'DaeYnawmh bmyJjzpfjzpf rmw*F
ZGJrsKd;eJYuyfaerSmyJ rjyefbl;? rjyefbl;? ukd,fawmh trmhtdyf&mxJrSm
oGm;tdyfaeawmhr,f/}}
odef;[efu ajymajymqdkqdk ZGwfw½Gwfvkyfum trmhtdyfcef;qDodkY
oGm;awmhrnfwuJuJjzpfaeaomaMumihf
]]tdk 'gu b,fukdvJ? Munfhprf;ygOD;aemf? cufvkdufwm/ oDcsif;wufrdwm
cGuswmyJ}} [k ZGwftwif; qJGae&ojzihf idkrJhrJhuav;jzpfvmav\/
]]ukdodef;[efukd 'DavmufrS tvdkrvdkufcsifbl;vm; trm&JU}}
]]tvdkvdkuf&if ukdodef;[efu trdkufapmfum;vmrSmukd;}}
]]'g apmfum;wmrSr[kwfbJ? cspfvdkYyJ[m}}
]]cspfwmvJ apmfum;wmrsKd;yJ r[kwfvm;}}
xdkuJhokdY ESpfa,mufwnf; wBudwfBudwf wwdk;wdk; ½kef;olu½kef;? qJGolu
qJGaeMupOf trmMuL\rdcifBuD; acsmif;wpfcsuf[efYoHMum;vdkufaomaMumifh
ESpfa,mufom; tBuH&usyfí rwfwyfu NidrfoGm;Mujyefav\/
rdef;rrsm;onf a,musFm;awGxuf wcFPkyÜwådÚmPfomonf[k qdkMu\/
tcspf"gwfESihf&pfywf,SOfwJG rIdif;xJwGifrdaeaomtcgum; a,musFm;ESihfrdef;r
rjcm;em;Muawmhacs/ xHkxdkif;rIdif;taeonfomrsm;awmh\/
þtcgtcdkuf trmMuLom owd&vdkufygrlum;
]]a[monfrSm arar}} [k rdcifBuD;tm; atmfac:vkduf½HkrQESihf odef;[efrSm
vufeufcsí ppfajyNidrf;oGm;&ayrnf/ tu,fí rdcifBuD;xGufvmapOD;awmh
]][Jh bmvJ trm}} [k ar;onfhwkdifatmif
]]ukdoef;[efu jyefawmhrvdkYwJh EIwfqufaew,f}} [laom pum;csKd;
ajzvdkuf½HkrQESihf odef;[eftzdkY acsmftvJwGif a&mxdkif&awmhum NyHK;wrJhrJh
rcsihfr&J awmufcwfí wyfacguf&awmhrnfjzpfonf/ ,ckrlum;

69
þwcFPkyÜwådqdkonfwkdYrSm rrkef;Edkifaom arwåmwdkYtMum; qJGvm;iifvm;ESihf
vGihfyg;aysmufysufMu[efwlonf/ ratBuD;xGufvmí yufyif;ygjrifrnf
udkom pdk;&drfaerdaomaMumihf
]]uJyg ukdodef;[ef trmhukdoem;&if jyefygawmh}}
]]r&ufpufygeJY trm&,f}}
]]&ufpufwm r[kwfygbl; ukdodef;[ef uJ uJ 'gjzihf reufjzefusrS}}
trmMuL\ wcFPkyÜwådum; ,ckrS rqDrqdkif vufyHom;"g;ESihfcsKdifrdonf/
tvJGoHk;pm;toHk;csrdonf/ ,ckvwfwawm ab;tEÅ&m,fukd umuG,fjcif;
rQjzpfonf/ reufjzefcgqdkaom &ufcsdef;um; BudK;½Snf½SnfESihfvSefrnfh pum;
aemifcgay;awGUwdkif;awmif;[laomta<u;ESihfwlav&m reufjzefcg odef;[ef
vmvQif þuJhokdYyif pum;vufcHíajymqdkcGihfrS ay;awmhrnfr[kwf?
'grsKd;awGudkvnf; odef;[efqdkaom a,musFm;wpfa,mufu tpif;om;
odxm;onf/ odonfrodonftyxm; a,musFm;qdkaom owå0g\p½kdufukd
rodem;rvnfao;íom þuJhokdY BudK;½SnfESihfvSefvdkufjcif;jzpfav&m
url;½l;xdk; EGm;odk;BudK;jywf ,aeYaiG wpfusyfESihf reufjzef aiGwpfaxmif
rvJaom a,musFm;wkdY\ pdwfukd owdrxm;íom[k qdkEkdifawmhayrnf/
]][ifhtif; [ihftif; ckyJukd,fhukdrkef;aeNyDr[kwfvm;/ eufjzefqdkwJhpum;u
xrif;&nfylvmvdkY vQmvTJwJh pum; aemifcgay;awGUwkdif;awmif;vkyfrvdkY/
odw,f 'Du}}
odef;[efonf pum;qH;vQifqHk;csif; pGwfceJaeatmif trmMuL\ tcef;
xJodkY 0ifoGm;vkdufaomcPüyifvQif rdcifBuD;vnf; avSum;0odkY a&mufvm
onfukd awGU&av\/
]]orD; b,fhES,f wdwfcsufom;aumif;vScsnfh? armifodef;[efaum jyefoGm;
yvm;}} [k ar;vkdufaomtcg trmMuLtzdkY jzKef;ueJ rajzwwfawmhay/

70
]][Jh trm wpfa,mufwnf; bmidkifaewmvJ? tdrfa½SUuwHcg;awGvnf;
rydwf&ao;yguvm;? armifodef;[efaum armifodef;[ef jyefoGm;yvm;}} [k
xyfí ar;vkdufaomtcg w&m;olBuD;u Ncdrf;ajcmuf aigufirf;í tppfcH
&onfh w&m;cHyrm
]]arar [kwfuJh}} [k EIwfrS vGwfxGufoGm;av\/
þodkYESihf rdcifBuD;ukd,fwkdif wHcg;rsm;ydwfqdkYaeaomaMumifh trmMuLü
ig;t½kd;rsufaeaom vufwdkYuJhodkY rdrdtcef;qDodkYom vSnfhwMunfhMunfh
vkyf&if; pdwf½Iyfae&av\/ cufwmyJ ig b,fhES,fvkyf&yghrvJ [laom
jyóemonf OD;aESmufwpfckvHk; arTaESmufacsmufcsm;aeav\/
]]'Dvl[m ZGwform;BuD;yJ/ awmufwJhuyf uyfaeNyD/ ararhukd wdkifvkduf&
aumif;rvm;/ tdk ½Sufp&mBuD;ygav/ b,fajymvdkYjzpfrvJ}}
xdktcdkuf ]][Jh trm b,fihgaemufcsnf;yJ vdkufae&wmvJ? oGm;tdyfcsnf
awmhav}} [laom rdcifBuD;\ toHukdMum;&rS rdrdum; a,mifwda,mifcsmESihf
rdcifBuD;\aemufyg;u oGm;av&m uyfvdkufaerdaMumif; owd&rdawmhonf/
]]oGm;tdyfacsawmhav trm}}
]]trm aMumufw,f arar&JU}}
trmMuLu vTwfueJajymvkdufrdonf/
]]bmaMumufae&wmvJ? bmjzpfvdkYvJ? aMomf 'DaeYrS bmjzpfaewmwkef;}} [k
tHhtm;oihfumar;rS trmMuLwGif aMumifwufwufBuD; jzpfae½Smonf/
]]tdk trm bmrSrjzpfygbl;}}
]]'geJY aMumufw,fqdk}}
]][J [J [J trmvdrfwm tvum;}}
trmMuLu ½l;ovdkaygovdk udk,fuav;ukd vIyf½Sm;um vuf0g;csif;
yGwfoD;yGwfoyf vdrfzJhaeaomaMumihf rlrrSefaom orD;i,fukdMunfh&if;

71
a':zGm;ESpfwGif wpfpxufwpfp ouFmruif;Ekdifatmif jzpfvmojzihf
xl;xl;qef;qef; Munfhaerdav\/
]][Jh aumifrav; eifbmjzpfaewmvJ ajymprf;}}
]]aMomf araruvJ trm bmrSrjzpfygbl;vdkYqdkae}}
]][ifhtif; eifwpfckckjzpf&r,f bmvJ}}
]]t[D; bmrSrjzpfygbl; uRefr}}
a':zGm;ESpfum; wdk;íxdwfvefYum rouFm[efESihf ppfaMumae½HkrQru
zcifvkyfolukdyif vSrf;í ac:OD;awmh rvdkvkd½SdvmaomaMumihf trmMuLwGif
aMumuftm;vefYtm;ESihf acR;jyefvmav\/
]]r[kwfygbl; arar&JU? tcke ukdodef;[efuav}}
]]tif; odef;[efu bmajymoGm;vdkYvJ}}
]]trmhukdav}}
]]tdk cufvdkufwm nnf;udkbmajymoGm;vdkYvJ bmvJ bmvJ}}
]]o&JtaMumif; wapätaMumif;awG a,mq&mBuD;taMumif;awG? aemufNyD;
aemufNyD; pkef;ua0taMumif; awG? olzwfwJh0w¬KawGxJu[mawG [J [J [J
trmaMumufvmwmeJY ararhukd t[d}}
trmMuLu uEGJUuvs pdwfrvHkovdkvdk wpfvHk;csif; avQmhcsrS a':zGm;ESpfwGif
auseyfoGm;rdonf/ a':zGm;ESpf auseyfoGm;Edkifaom taMumif;&if;cH
uvnf;½Sdonf/ olukd,fwkdif uG,fvGefavNyD;aom orD;onftaMumif;udk
rsuf&nfpufvufESihfajymqdkum wufoGm;NyD;onfh tjcm;rJhü armifodef;[ef
onf usef&pfcJhaomtrmMuLtm; ayvuFwmeH aovuFwmeH qdkaom
pum;prsKd;ESihf qufpyfí emembm0? 0dembm0? 0dnmOfavmu
taMumif;rsKd;ukd ajymoGm;Ekdifayonf/ þodkYyif awG;,lvdkufrdonf/

72
]]w,f 'Dtaumif aemufwJhaumifyJ? rdef;uav; vdyfjymi,f&wJhtxJ
b,fu r[kwfw½kwfawG ajymoGm; &ygvdrfh? tvum;orD;? tvum; oGm;
oGm;tdyfcsnf? tdyf&m0ifrSm bk&m;ykxdk;½Sdcdk; Mum;vm;? 'gawGudk ta&;pdkuf
p&mrSwfvdkY? vm vm arar jcifaxmifcsay;r,f}} [k ajym&if; orD;i,fukd
zufwJGtm;ay;um tdyfcef;xJ ta&muf vdkufydkYay;OD;rnfjyKonfhtwGuf
]]tdk udpör½Sdygbl;? uRefr raMumufygbl; oGm;ygawmhav/ trm
raMumufawmhygbl;}} [k ajymajymqdkqdk OD;cifatmif rdrdut&JpGefYí
0ifcJh&aomfvnf; bDvl;BuD;apmifh&mocsØKif;okdY ta&mufvmcJh&onfh
r,fumumyrm &ifwzdkzdk acgif;wBuD;BuD; MuufoD;arG;nif;xaeav\/
okdYESihf rdcifBuD;ab;rS oDoDav;vGwfvmcJhNyD;vQif rdrd\txifü
ckwifay:wGif ikwfwkwfuav; xdkifaevdrfhrvm;? auG;auG;uav;
tdyfaevdrfhrvm;[k atmufarhcJhaom odef;[efukd ckwifay:ürawGU&ojzihf
tHhtm;oihfum 0rf;omoGm;NyD;rS rdcifBuD;\&efukdaMumufojzihf wHcg;uG,fü
ykef;atmif;aeaMumif; &dyfrdawmhav&m ckwifay:wGif vluom [efrysuf
xdkifae&aomfvnf; pdwfrSmrlum; aqmufwnf&mr&Ekdif½Smay/
vlajcwdwfovdk½SdrS bom;acsmu wHcg;½GufMum;u xGufvmNyD;vQif
aMumufaMumuf½GUH½THUESihf tem;uyfvm aomaMumihf iSufBuD;0efykduJhokdYaom
odef;[ef\ajcvSrf;ESihf trlt&mrSm aMumufp&mMum;u &,fp&mBuD;wpfck
jzpfaeav\/
]]trmhukd oem;&if ckaejyefxGufoGm;ygvm; ukdodef;[ef&,f}}
]]'DavmufawmifyJvm; trm&,f? trmhukd ukdufrpm;ygbl;/ vleJY vlcsif;yg/
aMumufp&mr[kwfwmukd aMumufae&if cspfw,fqdkwm tvum;jzpfae
rSmaygh? 'DrSm ukdodef;[ef ajymyg&apOD;/ urÇmtp yxruwnf;u
tcspfaMumifhjzpfvm&wJh vlawG? ewfawG? wd&pämef? Nydwåm? tol&um,f

73
awGyg? avmurSm touf½Sdw,fqdkwJh yk*¾dKvfrSeforQ[m tcspfwHk;
tcspfcJawGygyJ/ aemufqHk;ukefukefajym&&if tmoa0gukefcrf;wJh bk&m;?
&[EÅmawGawmifrS tEkyg 'daoo edAÁmefra&mufrcsif; cE¨m0efvufp
rodrf;ao;orQ tcspfaMumifhjzpfvm&wJh twåabm cE¨mukd,f BuD;awGudk
xrf;½Gufae&ygao;w,ftrm? ukdodef;[efwkdY trmwdkY qdkwmawmh
tcspf½kyfrSm tcspfemrfrukefao; EkdifvdkY a[m'DtcspfbHkrSm ½SufzdkYaMumufzdkY
bmrSrvdkygbl;/ cspfw,fqdkwJhpdwfukdawmh trmjrifatmifjyvnf; rjyEdkif?
jrifvnf; rjrifpaumif;wJh apwodufrdkY trmrodwmeJY jiif;aewmyg/
jyrsm;omjy&&if jrif;rdk&fawmifaum bmrdkYvJ r[mork'´&mawGuaum
bmrDvdrfhrwHk;? EIdif;p&m? wkp&m½Sdukdr½SdvdkY trmukd,fwdkifthHMooGm;rSmyg/
'Dawmh trm ukd,fwkdif oem;vmrSmrkcsygyJ}}
odef;[efajymorQpum;wdkYrSm trmwpfcgrS rMum;zl;ao;onfh pum;
txl;tqef;rsKd;jzpfaeaomaMumihf olajymwmawG [kwfrsm;[kwfrvm;[k
xifpm;rdav\/ odef;[efukdMunfhvdkuf&aomtcg oem;pzG,f ñId;i,f
aeonf ukdvnf; jrif&av\/
]]trm cspfawmhcspfygw,f ukdodef;[ef&,f cspfayr,hf}}
]]bmjzpfovJ trm}}
]]aMumufvdkY}}
]]tdk [dk [dk raMumufygeJYawmh trm&,f? ukdodef;[efcspfwmukd b,fvdk
vkyfjy&rvJ? toufaojy&rvm;? &ifESpfjcrf;cJGjy&rvm;}}
þtcsdefum; odef;[efu yg;pyfESihfomajyma[maeaom tcsdefr[kwfawmh/
vufuvnf; ycHk;uav;ukd jznf;jznf;qJG,líaeav&m trmMuLü a&pD;
oefvSaom oHvGifjrpfzsm;u awmopfwHk; arQmcsvdkufouJhokdY pdwfxJwGif
wvSyfvSyf wqwfqwfjzpf&if; wHk;wdkufwdkuf urf;wdkufwkduf uwdkuf

74
u½kduf uaomuarsm tcspf[laom a&,OfaMumwGif arsmygoGm;
vdkufonfESihfwpfjydKifeuf qHxHk;uav;ay:rS oZifyef;yGihfuav;rsm;onf
acgif;rSruGmbJvsuf acgif;tHk;BuD;ay:odkY tcdkifvdkufñGwfusoufqif;av&m
odef;[efwGifrl rdrdrsufESmatmufu oem;p&m oZifcufuav;ukd rerf;&uf
erf;&uf erf;vdkufav\/
aqmif;nonf avmuBuD;wpfcGifvHk;tm; aiGESif;okefokefBuJvsuf½Sdonf/
ajrmufjyefavnif;onf waqGUaqGUckefí O'[dkajy;vTm;upm;aeonf/
aiGMu,fyGihfuav;rsm;onf uwåDygeufjym rsufESmusufukduyfí wpfOD;ESiYf
wpfOD; rsufpypfum t&dyftuJjy&if; twif;ajymvdk[ef vu©Pm½SdMuonf/
]]trm}}
odef;[ef\ tac: om½Sdonf/
txl;ESihf tajzum; trmMuL\idk½IdufoH/

___________

a&mifjcnfwpfaxmif tvif;aqmifonf[k pmqdkMuaomae0ef;onf aiGESif;

rIefrIefMum;rS tm;,lí acsmif;ajrmif;Munfh½Iae½Smonf/ olYrsufESmBuD;rSm
½SufaoG;jzef;aeovdk eDjref;jref;? 0gMuihfMuihf? NyHK;pdpd? pyfNzJNzJ[k xif&onf/
trmMuLarG;xm;aom omvdumarmifESHwdkYrSm wwGwfwGwf wpmpm
rm*"oH&ihfa<u;í at;csrf;onfh eHeufcif;ukd ½Tifvef;pGmqD;BudKí aerif;ukd
EIwfqufaeMuonf/ rdk;aygufu ½IH;&aom tHhrqHk; ESif;aiG&nfwkdYESihf

75
ta½SUajrmufrS{nfhonfawmf ukdavjynfonf yef;&eHYrsm;ukd vufaqmif
o,f,lí avmuGwfvkyf½Smonf/
trmMuLUtdyfcef;rS jywif;aygufwHcg;½Gufuav; wpfzufwpfcsufrSm olwdkY
tcsif;csif;&ifMum;aphyHkr&? ukdavjynfajcxdk;í aoG;uJGaeMuav&m cef;qD;
ZmjymvJhvJhu ulvSnfhMuyg[k vuf,yfíac:ovdk wa0SUa0SU w&rf;&rf;
jzpfae½Smonf/
trmMuL\ puf&mcef;uav;um; wdfwfqdwfNidrfoufvsuf ½Sdaewkef;yif/
wpfa,muftdyfvnf;ru ESpfa,muftdyfvnf;r&aom paumpu ckwif
ay:wGif ½kdU½dkU,Jh,Jh wapmif;vSJí arS;rSdwfae½Smolum; trmMuL wpfa,muf
wnf;/
vuf,meHyg;ü jym;csyfEGrf;acG ñId;i,fae½Smonfh yef;oZifaiGyGihfuav;
wdkYonf ½dk;qihfzl;wH taer[efawmhbJ ra<uwefbJESihfa<u&onfhtavsmuf
*kPfrarmuf rmefr<um;Ekdifawmhojzihf ocifrESihftvm;wl uHwltusKd;ay;
tdyfarGUaq;rjy,fhwjy,fvdk ½Sd½Smonf/
'dkbDom;rusaom tdyf&mcif;jzLjzLazG;uav;rSmvnf; aeom;r&vIdif;xí
*,ufjzmum roufromjzpfae ½Smav\/
]]rpHkolcufvSaygh? uuú#&moD? wpfuGufrS omrMunfw,f? wpfem&DraEG;}}
qdkouJhokdY aiGESif;ESihfa&mí avnif;uygavmvdkufojzihf wpfukd,fwnf;
usef&pfcJhonfh trmMuLwGif rMumrD odrfhceJ jzpfoGm;um rsufcGHuav;
<uvmav\/
OD;pGmyxr z½kdz&J tazmfESifhuJGae½Smaom acgif;tHk;BuD;wpfvHk;ukd rdrd
acgif;&if;em;wGif awGUvdkuf&aomaMumihf odef;[eftm;owdr&bJ raeEkdif
awmhum xdwfxdwfysmysmjzpfoGm;NyD;rS nbufu reufbufrul;cif txl;
awmif;yefí ESifvkdufaomaMumihf rcGgcsif cGgcsif xGufoGm;yHkudk tm½Hkxifjrif

76
vmawmhojzihf þwGifrS reufBuD;apmapm tawmrowfEkdifatmif
vGrf;ovdkvdkjzpf&jyefav\/
xdkaemufwpfzef oZifysHaiGOuav;wdkYu a<upvk'Pf&mESihf jyefvSefum
wkdifwef;aeMuovdk jrif&jyefojzihf 0rf;enf;yef;enf; acgif;tkH;BuD;tem;u
aumufíukdifvdkufrdum u½kPmoufovdkjzpfaeav\/
trSefuvnf; u½kPmouf&ayrnf/ oZifolYcrsmrSm i½kyfoD;ESihfaygif;rdí
MuufoGefygtaxmif;cH&ovdk trmMuLacgif;ay:a&mufrdí ta<uapm&
½Smonf/ tajcavQm&½Smonf/ yef;uav;\ nOfhOD;uESihf vHk;0rwlaom
ocFg&ukd oHa0*wifrdonfhaemuf rdrdukd,fukdrdrd ypöa0u©Pm
wifMunfhvdkufaomtcg roufrom &wufjzmí ½Sufp&mwpfckukd
atmufarh&onfhenf;wl vlZmwfü ESpfb0ajymif;NyD; cE¨mukd,fwpfckvHk;
a[mif;EGrf;cJhavNyDwum;[k 0rf;enf;yufvufjzpf&jyefav\/
odkYaomf þMum;xJu tcspf\t&om ayrwPSmu ykdykdomomBuD;
wpfrsKd;ay:atmif EId;aqmfum owday;aejyefojzihf t"du&BuD; pJGovdkvdk
jzpfvsuf nOfhoef;acgifarSmifrkdufwGif cGihfvTwfvdkufrdwmutp oem;&awmh
rvdkvdk tHk;puf&m,SOfwGJí wpfckwifwnf;aecJh&aomaMumihf ylaEG;arT;BudKif
aom odef;[ef\ &ifaiGUyif tckxufwdkif aEG;aearT;aeao;ovdkvdk/
wpfwufpm;vnf; MuufoGef? ESpfwufpm;vnf; MuufoGefjzpfojzihf
vufvGefcsuf vGefap axGvmauvm wDwDwmwm yvDyvmvkyfoGm;aom
odef;[ef\ t,kt,tjyKtrlwnf;[laom ork',wkdYukd ,cknqufí
ESpfoufpGm aecsifovdkvdk? tESDvdkvdk tESmvdkvdk bmvdkvdk nmvdkvdk
&ifwGif;uzdkvmjyefonfESihf eD;&macgif;tHk;BuD;ukd pdwf½Sdvuf½Sd b0ifESihf
qJGzdxm;vdkufrS aeíxdovdkvdk oufom&m&Ekdifawmhonf/
þodkY þyHk Edk;aevsufESifh tdyf&mrS rxcsifaoma0'emjzpfaepOftwGif;

77
]]trm aejrihfvSygyaum orD;&,f? rEdk;ao;bl;vm;}}
rdcifBuD;toHukdMum;rS awG;aeaom pdwfESihfauG;aeaom ukd,fukd
uykdu½dkajymif;vJvkduf&&if; tcef;jyif bufodkYxGufcJhum rsufESmrdk;ESmopfí
aumfzDpm;yJG0ifxkdufvkduf&aomfvnf; cgwdkif;url tdyf&muEdk;vQifEdk;csif;
tirf;r& qmavmifrGwfodyfwwfaom tusihfonf ,aeYrS xl;jcm;pGm
ajymif;vJoGm;onfukd awGU&avonf/
tdrfacgif;&if;bufokdY rsufESmrlumxkdifrdí jrif&aom bk&m;pifrS oZifcuf
uav;rsm;rSm aqmif;avjynf yufzsef;í nOfhOD;uxufyif vef;aeavonf/
raeYu naebufrS wpfNydKifeuf&aom oZifyef;csif;wlapumrl bk&m;pifrS
yef;rSm ,kwfrmnpfax; udavom tnpftaMu;wdkYukd y,fcGgpGefYtyf
ruyfrNid oDv0dok'¨djzpfawmfrlaom bk&m;½Sif\ t&[H*kPfawmfukd cdkvIH
cpm;ae&aomaMumihf vef;onfxufvef;vmEkdifvsuf umr*kPftcspfaq;
wnf;[laom tnpftaMu;wdkYukd &pfarS; aysmfyg;vkdufrdaom rdrdacgif;rS
oZifyef;rsm;üomvQif ñId;EGrf;&da&mf yef;azmfr0if oDvrpifMu,fonf\
tjzpfukd qifjcif EIdif;pmp&m jzpfaejyefaomaMumihf
]]ig pdwftvdkudk vdkufrdavjcif;? [d&DMowåyÜ uif;vkdufrdavjcif;}} [k rdrd\
raumif;rIukdqifjcifí MowåyÜoHa0*&vkdufrdonf/
rdrdukd,fudkyif ro'Davmufatmif jzpfaepOf pE´,m;ay:½Sd aiGyef;tdk;uav;
xJrS oZifcufwdkYuvnf; rqif&ufatmif vef;qef;aeonfudk awGUvkduf
jyefav&m
]]onfaqmif;a[ref ajrmufjyefavnif;aqmfw,fukd}} [laom odef;[ef\
oDcsif;ukdwuf,loDqdkcJhyHkESihf odef;[efwD;yHk wJGyHk zufyHk o'´g½HktpkpkwdkYukd
owdqGay;aeMujyefvsuf twl,SOfwJGí xkdifrdMuyHkrStp pufcef;&dyf

78
v,fwGif tBudwfte,f opömNydKifí arwåmESpfcdkif vef;cJhMuonfukdvnf;
vGrf;avmufatmif aoG;aqmifaeMu jyefav\/
]][Jh trm aumfzDaomufav? bmidkifae&jyefwmvJ}}
rdcifBuD;u½kwfw&uftajym trmMuLu vwfwavmay;xm;onfh aumfzDylyl
ukd a,mifwda,mifuef;ESihf armhaomvdkufrd&m tmawG? vQmawGtylavmif
oGm;ojzihf zGD; zGm;ESihf £a`E´raqmifEdkifatmif ysmysmavmifavmif axG;xkwf
vdkuf&onfhtcg
]][Jh [Jh trm}} [k rdcifBuD;rSm xdwfxdwfysmysm jzpfoGm;&onf/
]]aMomf 'Duav;r nuwnf;u bmjzpfrSef;rodygbl;}}
a':zGm;ESpfuyif olYorD;olMunfh&if; nnf;wGm;vkdufjyefonf/
]]trm bmjzpfvdkYvJ arar&JU? aumfzDuvnf; ylvdkufwm}}
orD;u rdcif\rsufESmukd armhrMunfhbJ rdrd\tjzpfukd ½SufpEkd;í
aumfzDomtjypfwifvkdufrdonf/ wu,fqdkawmh tjypf½Sdolonf tvum;
ae&if; ukd,hfvdyfjymu ukd,hfukd tNrJwapvSefYaeavonf/
]]tJ'gcufw,f? taiGUwaxmif;axmif;eJY aumfzDukd ylrSef;rodwm?
bmjzpfovJ aeraumif;bl;vm;? nnf;Munfh&wm em;a0wdrfawmifeJY nu
tdyfysufovm;}}
a':zGm;ESpfu orD;i,f\ezl;ukdprf;Munfh&atmif vufvSrf;vdkufrdonf/
]]bmrSrjzpfygbl; arar&JU? araruvnf; vlukd uav;av;usaewmyJ}}
]]odygbl;awmf nursm; tdyfraysmfvdkYvm;vdkY? vef;vef;qef;qef;r½SdbJ
idkifwdidkifwdkifeJY? xawmhvnf; aejrihfrS? nD;azazawmif pufxJoGm;NyD}}
a':zGm;ESpf\pum;rqHk;rD wdkufxJokdY uref;uwef;avQmuf0ifvmaom
ajcoHukdMum;&ojzihf ESpfa,mufpvHk; NyKdifwlvSnfhMunfhvkdufrdMuonf/

79
]]BuD;BuD; BuD;BuD; BuD;BuD; b,foGm;ygvdrfh}} [k wqufwnf; ar;ar;½Sm½Sm
vmaeaom odef;[efukd awGUvdkuf&jcif;twGuf reufBuD;apmapm uaom
uarsmjzpfvmyHkukd tHhtm;oihf&if; trmMuLü txdwfwvefY jzpfoGm;av\/
]][Jh armifodef;[ef bmjzpfvmwmvJ? 0ifcJhav/ wdkYaumfzDaomufaew,f}}
a':zGm;ESpfu xrif;pm;cef;xJrS vSrf;ac:vdkufonf/ 0ifvmvQifvmcsif;
odef;[efESihf trmMuL rsufvHk;csif; qHkvdkufrdonf/ odef;[efu NyHK;ppeJY
jzpfoGm;oavmuf trmMuLu ½SufaoG;uav;jzef;um rsufvTmatmufcs
vdkufrdonf/ eHeufcif;\ tvif;a&mifonf rsufESmylp&mtm;ay;aeonf/
]]uJ aumfzDaomuf}}
odef;[efu trmMuLESihf uyfvsuf½Sdaom ukvm;xdkifwGif 0ifxkdifvdkufonf
ESihfwpfNydKifeuf trmu rsufESmudk armhrMunfhbJ u&m;xJrS aumfzDwpfcGuf
iSJYay;vdkufrdonf/ apwemonf b,fBudKb,fMum;uxGufvmMuonfrod/
rsufESmuav;u plovdkvdk tdkoa,mifa,mif ½Sdaeayr,fh 0wfauswef;aus
ruaom Av0o'¨gw&m;onf 00BuD;aomufpm;wmukdrS Munfhcsif½Smonf/
]]rif;Opöm bmjzpfvmwmvJ? apmapmpD;pD;}}
]]uRefawmf armfvNrdKifukd tckvkdufoGm;&rSmrdkY}}
]]armfvNrdKifukd bmudpöwHk;}}
rdcifBuD;uar;aepOf trmuqwfueJ acgif;armfíMunfhvdkufrdonf/
]]tdk uRefawmhfoli,fcsif;wpfa,muf tvSLvkyfvdkY tJ'gvlukd,fwkdif
nuvmac:wm wpfnvHk;uRefawmf tdrfrjyeffawmh}}
rlrrSefaom odef;[efu vTwfueJtajym trmMuLuodrfhueJYtjzpf
a':zGm;ESpfuuGufueJ odef;[efrsufESmudk Munfhvdkuf&mu
]][J eifnu 'DujyefoGm;wmtapmBuD;yJ tdrfrjyef&atmif b,frsm;
ukd;acsmif;ukd;usif; vnfae&vdkYvJ}}

80
]][dk [dk uRefawmhf oli,fcsif;wpfa,mufeJY tvnfvGefaeMuvdkY? [J [J [J}}
]]aMomf aMomf vufpowfawmh armfvNrdKifukd vdkufawmfrlr,fhtaMumif;
vmEIwfqufwmayghav/ tif; rif;ukdrsm; vlukd,fwkdif vmyihf&oukd;}}
]]taumif;yihfwmr[kwfbl; BuD;BuD;&? pE´,m;twD;cdkif;rvdkY/ cufvdkufwm
r&ru ZGwftwif;yJ/ cifwmuvnf; nDtpfukdavmufcifaeawmh jiif;vkdY
raumif;awmhbl;}}
trmMuLu em;omaxmifae&onf/ odef;[efarmfvNrdKifukd vkdufoGm;rnf
qdkwmawmhMum;uwnf;u em;rcsrf;om remvdkwdk½Snf jzpfaerdonfhtwGuf
]][dkuvnf;twif;ac: ukd,fuvnf; wD;csifvkdufwm eefYeefYwufaewmyJ
r[kwfvm;? bm[efvkyfNyD; jiif;ae&ao;vJ}} [k 0ifí aighvkdufaomaMumihf
rdcifBuD;u &,farm&if;
]]tdk at? emrnfuBuD;awmh wD;wmvnf; em;axmifcsifMurSmaygh}}
]]olukd,fwdkifuvnf; <um;csifcsifyg arar&,f tvum;}}
]]r<um;csifygbl; trm&m [J [J [J ausmif;ydwfwkef; at;at;aecsifwmyg}}
]]awmfyg}}
]]uJ uJ aumfzDaomufygapOD; orD;&,f? at;at; rEkdif&ifuefqdkawmhvnf;
ukd,fuaqmif½Gufay;rS aumif;rSmuvm;}}
a':zGm;ESpfu ajymajymqdkqdkpm;yJGrSxí xGufoGm;aomaMumihf þwGifrS
ESpfa,mufwnf;usef&pfojzihf trmMuLtwGuf pdwf½Sdvuf½Sd ajymcsifwmawG
ajym&atmiftcGihf&½Smonf/
]]'D armfvNrdKifukd rvdkuf&ifrjzpfawmhbl;wJhvm;}}
]][Gef? b,faumif;rvJ trm&JU? olYcrsmrsm;u wrifwum vkdufap
csifvGef;vdkY vlukd,fwkdif vmac:wJh Opöm ukd,fu}}

81
]]at;av zsufayr,hfvnf; tykdygyJ? olukd,fu ½Gykd;xdk;aewJhOpöm? [if;
awmfawmfMumom armfvNrdKifol jzLjzLazG;azG;BuD;awGeJY awGUaeygOD;r,f/
ajymvkdufygay&JU? tckawmh pdk;Edkifaomfvnf; ykdifcJonfqdkovdk rykdif0ufarG;
ae&ao;vdkYaygh/ EdkYr[kwfrsm;qdk&if oGm;&ygvdrfhr,f tm;BuD;BuD;}}
trmu rsufapmif;uav; cyfapGapG EIwfcrf;uav; cyfplpl rMunfjzLovdk
aqmifhaqmihfatmifhatmifh jzpfaeyHkuav;rSmyif odef;[eftzdkY ESvHk;ava0SY
aqGrsKd;arhae&awmhonf/ cspfo0efaMumifaom pum;uav;rsKd;um; cspfOD;
cspfzsm; cspfpcifp MuifemprsKd;wGif oMum;rSm qm; toihftwihf
cwfvkdufouJhodkY auseyfp&m av;av; yifyif½Sdygayonf/
]]NyD;awmh b,fawmhjyefvmrSmvJ}}
trmu aigufqwfqwf tai:wl;wl;/
]]MumvS ig;&ufaygh trm&,f}}
odef;[efuawmh aysmhpdpd tdnufnuf/
]]ig;&ufawmif? tvSLuav;oGm;wm ig;&ufawmif[kwfvm;}}
ig;&ufqdkwm bmMumwmrSwfvdkY trmuvJ}}
trmonf ayghysufysufajymvdkufaom odef;[efukd aphaphMunfhrdum
pum;qGHUí ½GUHwGefYwGefYjzpfoGm;rdonf/ ukd,fuawmh ]ig;&ufawmif}?
oluawmh ]ig;&ufwnf;} oabmcsif;uJGyHku 0rf;enf;p&maumif;vSonf/
]tif; a,musFm;? a,musFm;} okdYuvdkYom nnf;vdkufrdí
]]tckawmh ajymEkdifNyDukd? ajymayghajym? 'Dvdkacs;us&m aysmfcsifwJhMuufvdk
ayghysufysufaecsif&if bmjzpfvdkY vlukd'ku©ay;&ao;ovJ ukdodef;[ef&,f/
cgwdkif;vdk at;at;aeygawmhvm;/ tckawmh r&ukwfuwf olrsm;ukd
pdwfqif;&JatmifvkyfNyD;awmh}}

82
trmhtoHonf pum;rqHk;rD wpf0ufwpfysufu wkefwkef,if,if
jzpfvmawmhonf/ rsufcrf;uav; ESpfzufu prf;a&pdkYvmvsuf yg;tdkY
uav;rsm;eDjref;vmum rsufvHk;uav;rsm;yif rsuf&nf,Ofa0ha0h0Jae
aomaMumihf cgwdkif;xufuJí ½Tef;pdkawmufajymif ta&mifwzdwfzdwf
xGufaeav\/ wwkefwkef wqwfqwfjzpfaeaom EIwfcrf;yg;uav;ukd
rNidrfNidrfatmif a½SUoGm;jzLjzLazG;uav;ESihf ukdufzdxm;vdkuf&onf/
odef;[efonf olYt,ltqESihf olYpum;rSm;oGm;rSef;owd&í idkifae½Hkom
wwfonf/ b,fupí b,fvdk acsmh&rnfukd awG;ae[ef½Sdonf/ rdef;rysKd
uav;wpfOD;\ arG;aeYr*FvmyJGtwGuf oGm;&efudpöukd oli,fcsif;tvSL[k
tb,fhaMumihf vSD;vTJajymrdonfukdvnf; olYukd,folem;rvnfvdkufrd/
trmMuLjzpfyHkESihf awG;Munfhvkdufawmh ,ckvdk vdrfvdkufrdonfukdyif
awmfao;\[k qdk&rnf/
armfvNrdKifol jzLjzLazG;azG;BuD;awGeJYvnf; awGUaeygOD;r,f[k ajymuwnf;u
ausmfoef;\ESr jrihfukd rsufpdxJ ajy;jrifvkdufrdonf/ ukd,fjrifovdk
trmom jrifvdkuf odvkdufygrlum; ,ckxufpdwfrcsEdkifp&m? pdk;&drfp&mawG
cHpm;ae&ayOD;rnf/ okdYayr,fh rdef;uav;yDyD pdwfrcsEkdifwmom½Sdonf/
udk,fhtwGufuawmh trmuvGJvQif zJGESihf qefuJG[k rajym0Hhapumrl
vwfwavmtm;jzihf trmhwpfa,mufwnf;om cspfaerdonf/ aemufukd
vnf; tNrJcspfaerSm aocsmonf/ tNrJcspfaep&maumif;aom trm/
odef;[efu þvdkawG;aepOf trmuawmh ai;aerdonf/ rdef;rrsm;u
a½SUuajy;oljzpfí a,musFm;rsmu aemufuvkdufzrf;&olrsm;jzpfMuol[laom
pum;rsKd;rSm tcspf&nfrvnfcif olpdrf;jyifjyifa&jyifjyifb0u rSefaom
jy,k*fpum;jzpfaomfvnf; vGefvGefusL;usL; tcspfxl;jzihf rl;½l;&pfywfí
Zmwf&nfvnfvmaomtcgwGifrlum; xdkpum;onf jyefajymif;u ajymif;jyef

83
jzpfvm&onf/ a½SUa&;ukdawG;awmwwfaom rdef;rvdr®m obm0rSm tzrf;ukd
a½Smifí ta½Smifukd zrf;wwf&rnfjzpfonf/
]]ukdodef;[ef}}
]][if}}
]]tck ukdodef;[efvufcsuf[m b,ftxd pl;aeyvJqdkwm owdxm;rd&JUvm;}}
]]aMomf trmuvJuG,f? ukd,fuazmufjym;rSmrdkYvm;}}
]]r[kwfbl;av? trmajymygOD;r,f? tpu ukdodef;[efukd trm twefwef
awmif;yefcJhw,f}}
]][kwfygw,f trm&JU}}
]]twefwefawmif;yefygvsufeJY EdkifhxufpD;eif; olYEkdifiHrif; rif;rlNyD; ½l;aq;
wdkufcJhNyD;awmhrSawmh trmjzihf b,fae&moGm;oGm; pdwfrcsEkdifawmhbl;/
trmeJY ukdodef;[ef 'Dvdku 'Dvdk cspfaeMuygNyDqdkwm owif;pmxJxnfhNyD;
r@yfwdkif wufEkdif wuf0Hhao;wJhtcgrsKd;vnf; r[kwfao;awmh trm&JU
b0[m ukdodef;[ef&JU pdwfwpfckwnf; rSmom wnfae&awmhwmyJ}}
trmu oufjyif;uav;wpfcsuf rIwfxkwfvdkufNyD;/
]]aMomf rdef;r rdef;r rdef;uav;rsm;jzpf&wm w,fNyD; taMumif;qdk;yguvm;/
aemufNyD; ausmif;ydwfwmurS q,f&ufavmuf&,f [dkujyefvmwmeJY
&efukefjyef&rSmeJY 'Du rsufpdatmuf em;atmufrSm aeapcsifwdkif; ae&zdkY
½dSawmhrSmvnf; r[kwfygbl;}} [k 0rf;enf;yufvuf ajymaomtcg
ukdodef;[efudk,fwdkif aemufqHwif;vmrdonf/
]][kwf½Smom;yJ/ ausmif;ydwfwJh&ufuav;ukefatmifawmh aeapcsifrSm
ayghav/ igvkdufyghr,fvdkY 0efcHvkdufrdwm rSm;wmyJ/ ighukd'DavmufcspfaewJh
vltay: igpdwfraumif;atmif vkyfovdkusaeNyD}} [k awG;rdavonf/

84
]]tdkuG,f trmuvnf; oGm;&r,fhvl pdwfraumif;atmif/ 'Duaum
vdkufcsifvSvdkYrSr[kwfbJ/ pOf;pm; MunfhygOD;? nuawGU&wmuav;avmufeJY
wif;wdrfEkdifwJhaumifr[kwfygbl;/ tNrJcspfaecsifwJhaumifyg rm&JU}}
]]tif; nuawGU&wm[m trmhukd 'ku©ay;rSmyJxifyg&JU}}
]]a[m ajyma&mhr,f edrdwfr½Sd ermr½Sd? raumif;wwfvGef;vdkY vkduf&rSmygvdkY
ajymygyaum}}
]]at;av armifwdkYu a,musFm;uav;yJ embufur½Sdygbl;/ xoGm;&if
ajc&mvuf&m usef&pfcJhwmrS r[kwfbJ? rdef;uav;awGrSmom awG;&if
ylp&mawG rqHk;Ekdifwm}}
]]ylp&mawG awG;ae&atmif olpdrf;w&HqHawGvkdufvkdY trm&,f? rdeJYzeJY
rMumcifae&mcsMuawmhr,fh Opöm? 'Dwpfcgjyefvm&if trmBudKufwJh oZif
yef;awG trsm;BuD;0,fvmcJhr,f odvm;? trmuvnf; ukd,fjyefrvmcif
]onfaqmif;a[ref} ukd tuGufykdifatmif usihfxm;aygh? nu ukdodef;[ef
wD;jywJhtuGufawG rSwfrd&JUr[kwfvm;}}
odef;[efu xkdif&mrSxum trmhycHk;uav;ukd ukdifum ,k,k,,
ajym½Smonf/
]]ig;&ufu ykdrMumeJYaemf ukdodef;[ef}}
]]tdk rMumbl;? ig;&ufawmif tvGefqHk;}}
]]ukdodef;[ef 'grS ausmif;rzGihfcifuav;rSm trmeJY wlwlae&rSmaemf}}
]]tif;yg trm&JU}}
]]trmawmh trmhukd,feJY armifhpdwfjzpfukefNyD}}
]]armifuvnf; 'Dtwkdif;ygyJAsm}} [k ajymajymqdkqdk yg;uav;ay: odkY ukef;í
½IdufvdkufaomaMumihf trmMuLwGif rjiif;rqef jyKorQcH&if; 0rf;enf;oH
uav;aESmí

85
]]t&ihft&if rmeBuD;cJhorQ ck armihfajc&if;rSm yHkus&wmyJarmif}}
xdktcdkuf rdcifBuD;toHMum;&ojzihf odef;[efuvnf; £a`E´&& trmMuL
uvnf; usvkvk rsuf&nfukd okwfí ryl½kyfqifvkduf&avonf/
]]uJ &xm;tcsdefeD;NyD? uRefawmfoGm;ygOD;r,f BuD;BuD;}}
}}at; at;}}
]]oGm;r,f trm}}
trmMuLu yg;pyfrStoHrxGuf acgif;uav;ukdom NyHK;a,mifa,mifndwfí
EIwfqufvdkuf&onf/ rdcifBuD;a½SUrSm odef;[eftm; cyfpdrf;pdrf;uav;
aejyvdkuf&onf/
odef;[efwkdufxJrS xGufcsdefavmufwGif
]]aMomf a½T0gwdkYukd a&vJay;OD;rS}} [k omvdumuav;ESpfaumifukd &r,f½Smí
tdrfa½SUta&mufxGufcJh rdonf/ odkYaomf omvdumavSmiftdrfem;ra&muf?
odef;[efausmcdkif;í xGufoGm;aom yef;NcHxJu vrf;uav;okdYom rsufpdu
a&mufoGm;onf/
]]ukdodef;[ef}}
]]odef;[efu aemufrS trmMuLtoHaMumihf ajcvSrf;wHkYoGm;NyD; orifvnfjyef
vSnfhMunfhvdkufrdonf/ wdkuf0wGif awGawGuav; &yfaeaom trmukd
oem;rdonf/ xdkYaMumihf MuifempGmvufukd vIyf,rf;í EIwfqufvdkufrdonf/
trmMuLonf wa½GUa½GUa0;oGm;aom odef;[ef\aemufykdif;ukdMunfh&if;
tb,faMumifh aemufuvdkufí ac:&onfukd pOf;pm;ír&/
trmonf pdwfvufav;vHpGmjyefvSnfh0ifcJhonf/
wudud wuJuJ toHMum;rS omvdumavSmiftdrfuav;em;odkY a&mufaerSef;
owd&onf/ omvdum uav;ESpfaumifrSm ckefqGckefqGESihf wef;ay:
wufvkduf atmufqif;vkduf jrL;xl;aeMuonf/ wpfaumihfwpfaumif

86
wdkYvdkufqdwfvkdufusDp,faeMuonf/ wpfaumifua½Smifajy;vQif wpfaumif
u tawmifuav;jzefYum jzefYum vdkufaeonf/
]]tif; pum;wwfatmifqdkNyD; olwdkYukd wpfaumifcsif;cJGrxm;rdwm awmfao;
w,f/ [kwfw,f? ukd,fcsif; pmMunfhawmh olYcrsmrSm rajymwwfayvdkY?
ajymwwf&if ighukd b,favmuf&efawGUvdkufMurvJ}}
þodkYawG;íMunfhaepOfrSmyif omvdumESpfaumif vdkufwrf;ajy;wrf;
upm;rIaMumihf avSmihfcsKdihfxJu a&cGufuav; arSmufoGm;awmhonf/
]][,f a½T0guvnf; aqmhvdkufwm? Munfhprf;? a&cGufawmif arSmufukefNyD?
a[m'Daumif a[m'Daumif eiftxD;eJYwlw,f/ eif awmfawmfuJw,f}}
trmonf a&½Gwf&if; wHcg;uav;zGihfum txJu a&cGufukdEIdufvdkufonf/
rdrdwdkYukd ñSif;qJ&efrlawmhrvdkY xifovm;rod/ odkYr[kwf usOf;usOf;
usKwfusKwf tcsKyfaESmifcHae&onfukd tmCmw xm;avovm; rajymwwf?
omvdumtBuD;uav;u trm\vufukd qufueJ qJGqdwfvdkufav&m
trmu tr,fav; [k vefYí vuft½kyf xdkiSufuav;onf pGwfueJ
avSmiftdrfrS xGufí ysHajy;avawmhonf/
]] [,f [,f }}
½kwfw&uf trmMuLvkdufízrf;ygao;onf/ avSmifcsKdihfwGif;0,f taeMumí
tawmifanmif;aeaom omvdumuav;uvnf; wdkufwGif;rS jzKef;ueJawmh
rxGufEkdif/ okdYaomf usefwpfaumifyg vGwfajy;OD;rnfukd pdk;í avSmifcsKdihf
wHcg;uav;ukd jyeftydwfjzihf Asmrsm;ae&av&m aemufqHk;üum; taESmif
tzJGUrS vGwfatmifxGufoGm;aom iSufuav;ukdawmh trmMuL rrdvdkuf
awmhay/
trmMuLrSm wpfcPuav;twGif; pOf;pm;&if; idkifaerdawmhonf/
___________

87
omvdumav; vGwfoGm;jcif;ESihf armifodef;[efxGufoGm;jcif;rSm taMumif;
csif;rqdkifaomfvnf; tusKd;csif; rNydKifvmygapESihf[k rIdif&mu qkawmif;
vdkufrdonf/ wudud wumum atmfjrnfum ckefqGckefqGESifh usef&pfcJh
½Smaom oHcsKdihfuav;twGif;u omvdumazmfrJhuav;ukd jrifae&jcif;rSm
trmMuLtzdkY uoduatmufEkdifvSonf/ pEdk;paemihf xifrdonf/ olYtazmf
uawmh vufoyfukd,fuRwf vGwfxGufoGm;avNyD/ avSmiftdrfrS vGwfxGuf
oGm;NyD;aom iSufoli,fonf xdkavSmiftdrfodkY jyefía&mufygOD;rnfavm?
jyefí0ifygOD;rnfavm/
omvdumESihf odef;[ef/
wGwfwD;wGwfwm ajymonfhae&mwGif odef;[efonf omvdumuav;ESihf
wlvSbdonf/ omvdumuav; ESihfwlaom odef;[efudk,fwkdif trmMuL\
taESmiftzJGUrS omvdumuav;vdkyif vGwfxGufoGm;onfrSm xef;oD;
a<ucdkuf usD;eif;cdkufomjzpfygapawmh/
odef;[ef\ oHo*¾ukd raeYnurS &if;&if;ESD;ESD;vufcHcJhzl;onfhwdkifatmif
rsufpdatmufrS xGufoGm;cgeD;wGif olYukdwwGwfwGwf wwrf;wrf;rSmcJhjcif;rSm
rdef;uav;wefrJh t½SuftaMumufenf;yg;vGef;ír[kwf/ tajrmftjrif
BuD;rm;jcif;aMumihfomjzpfonf/ trmMuLum; tysKduav;pifppfjzpfvihfupm;
avmuBuD;\ uarmufur tcspfppfwdkY\'ku© qdkonfwdkYukd Mum;zl;em;0
A[kokw½SdcJhonf/
xdkYaMumihfyif odef;[efu tcgcgtwefwef ]cspfy&ap? toem;cHaomfvnf;
jiif;y,fawmfrltm;w,f} vkyfcJhonf/ vufyl;vufMuyf rawGUrrdatmif
a½SmifEkdiforQa½SmifcJhonf/ trsKd;rsKd;tzHkzHkaom y&d,m,fa00kpfwdkYjzihf
atmifjrifpGmwdrf;cJhonf/ þodkYwdrf;&if;a½Smif&if;u ra½Smifomonfh

88
vrf;ajr§mifMum;wGif nm;jzpfatmifnm;cJh&NyD;rSawmh trsm;aom rdef;uav;
wdkY\ wHwGm rl&m rm,m rvkyfcsifawmhay/
ql;ay:zufusvQifvnf; zufaygufí zufay:ql;usvQifvnf; zufom
ayguf&aom obm0ukd tNrJowdxm; rdaomaMumihf ½SufaMumuf
tm;em&rnfrSm tjypfuif;pifaom tysKdpifb0ujzpfí tHkYykef;yl vlrod iHk;ql
vlrod? ESpfa,mufwnf; cspfrdNyD;rS qdkvQifum; armifrif;BuD;om;\
apwem? arwåmay:wGifom rdrd\ toufESihft½Suf tusKd;quf
jzpfaeaMumif; aumif;aumif;BuD; pOf;pm;rdonfESihf wpfNydKifeuf r½SufEkdif
raMumufEkdif tcspfESihfwuGaom odef;[ef\twåabmukd ykdifEkdif&efom
BudK;pm;&ayawmhrnf [k odxm;avonf/
rnfokdYyifjzpfap odef;[efum; xoGm;vQif ajc&maysmufEkdifavmufonfh
vlysKd? vGwfvyfolwpfa,muf/ þodkYESifESif wpfavmuvHk;u xifMu
jrifMuayrnf/ odef;[efvdk vlysKdrqdkxm;ESihf r,m;BuD;ikwfwkwfESihf
a,musFm;awGyif rSm;csifvQifrSm;Muonf/ rdkufcsifvQifrdkufMuonf/ vdkufcsif
vQifvnf; vkdufMuonf/ olwdkY olwdkYum; a'gifvdkufusus? jym;vdkufusus
obm0ukd NyHK;NyHK;uav;cHEkdifonfh a,musFm;rS a,musFm;/
'gESihfawmifrS rdef;rwdkYrnfonf qdwfuG,f&mt&yfukd&vQif raumif;rIukd
jyKNrJ[k qdkcJhMuonf/ [kwfygayonf/ a,musFm;awGrl raumif;rIukdjyKp&m
qdwfuG,f&mt&yfyifrvdk? xdkqdwfuG,f&mqdkaomt&yfukd &onfjzpfap?
r&onf jzpfap vGwfvyfpGmjyKEkdifMuonfrSm rdef;rawGxuf wpfyef;om
vsuf½Sdonf/ xdkYaMumihf a,musFm;qdkolawGudk avSum;rSoHk;xpfqif;
oGm;vQif rdef;rawGu pdwfrcs&onfrSm ,xmblwusygayonf/
odkYygvsuf ]r½Sdraumif; ½Sdraumif;bJ raygif;vnf;cuf? aygif;vnf;
cufonf} [laom pum;rsKd;onf vnf;aumif;? ]rdef;rqdkwm aqmif;av

89
yrmnD? avSESihfjrif;vdk pD;eif;olaemuf vdkufygMuonf} [lonfwkdY
vnf;aumif; £w¬d0uF H e'D0uF H ponfwkdYonfvnf;aumif;? ppfwuf
a,musFm; a>rorm;ESihf a&oGm;c&D;? qifpD;wrQ pdwfu b,fcg rcs&monf
obm0qdk; rdef;rrsKd; ponfh csKd;csKd;zJhzJh pmrsKd;pum;rsKd;wkdYrSm rdef;rawGudkom
&nfñTef;cJhMuonf/
a,musFm;qdkolwdkY\ ya,m*aMumihf rawmfwqrSm;,Gif;cJhMuaom rdef;rom;
awGudkom wpfvifu ESpfvif? wpf&nf;pm;u wpf&nf;pm;ajymif;rdvQif
raumif;awmhoavmuf vG,fvG,fulultxifao;Muaom a,musFm;
rsm;tzdkYuawmh ewfjynfü ewforD; wpfzufig;&mxm;í pHpm;Muonf
qdkonfh ewfa,musFm;awG\b0ukd csD;usL; tm;us½Smonf/ oHk;uka#
ajcmufoef;rQaom ewforD;wdkYESihfwuG okZdwm? okrmvm? okeE´m? okpdwåm
[lí r,m;BuD;? r,m;i,f toG,foG,fwdkYukd ,liifcHpm;onfh odMum;rif;
pnf;pdrfwkdYukd vdkvm;Muonf/ ya'o&mZfacwfu wkdif;jynftkyfcsKyf
rif;vkyfolawGyif eef;& aqmif& rdzk&m;awGomru ukd,fvkyfawmfawG
w½kef;½kef;ESihf xifwkdif; usihfcJhMuonfukd *kPf,lí trSwfjyKcJhMuonf/
xdkYaMumihf xdkYaMumihf trmMuLonf a,musFm;xJu a,musFm;wpfa,muf
jzpfaom olY&nf;pm;odef;[efukd ylyefrdonf/
odef;[efum; ½kyfacsm\? oabmaumif;\? acwfynm½Sd\? ykdufqH
csrf;om\? xdkxufvGefaom*kPfxl;u wuúodkvfe,fwpf0dkuf wHcGefpdkuf
pE´&m;csefyD,H tEkynmorm;jzpfonf/ *Dwqdkaom *Dwonf vlYpdwf"gwfukd
tqJGaqmifEkdifqHk;jzpfonf/ vl\pdwfqdk&mü a,musFm; rdef;r rusef
tusHK;0ifaomaMumihf tcspfppfajrjyif0,f txufjrufqHk;aom vufeuf
wpfckjzpfayonf/

90
trmMuLonf wpfaeYvHk; odef;[eftaMumif;ukdom pOf;pm;aerdonf/
pOf;pm;wdkif;vnf; aomuawGom wpfckNyD;wpfckxyfawG;rdonf/ a':zGm;ESpf
udk,fwkdif orD;i,f\xl;jcm;yHkukd t&dyftuJcwfrdawmhonf/
[kwfoavmuf rxifEkdifvihfupm; xifoavmufwmh[kwf&rnf[k twyf
pJGum orD;i,ftm; udk,fcsif;pmí oem;rdonf/ a':zGm;ESpftxifum;
uav;csif;arwåm½SdaeMuNyDqdkaom tqihftwef;avmufomjzpfonf/ nOfhOD;
bufokdYul;cJhvQif rdcifBuD;ü raeEkdifawmhbJ
]][Jh orD; aeraumif;vkdYvm; nnf;Munfh&wm ysif;p&mBuD;udkath? pE´,m;
wD;ygOD;? [dkarmifodef;[efjyoGm;wJh oDcsif;av;[mav bmwJh}}
]]onfaqmif;a[refyg arar&JU}}
]]at;at; tJ'DoDcsif;[m w,fem;axmifaumif;w,f? usufoa&½SdygbdoeJY?
tJ'g ighorD; vnfvnfywfywfBuD; wD;wwf&ifaumif;rSmyJ}}
]]aumif;aumif;awmh rwD;wwfao;bl; arar}}
]]enf;enf;yg;yg; usihf&if; wD;MunfhygOD;vm;uG,f vm vm}}
trmMuLonf rdcifBuD;\ u,ku,ifvkyfrIukd &dyfrdvkdufonf/
armifodef;[efpdwfaMumihf rdrdwpfaeYvHk; cyfrIdifrIdifawGawGBuD; jzpfaeonfudk
&dyfrd½SmonfESihftrQ orD;uav; pdwfajyvufaysmufrI&atmif pum;a&m
azma&mESD;aESmonfukd trmMuL rawG;rdbJ raeEkdif/ rdcifwkdY\ oufñSm
aomu½kPmukd rMunfñdk rav;pm;bJ raeEkdif/
]]'gawmif ararhcrsm ightjzpfrSefudkrod½SmvkYdaemf? odrsm;odvkduf&if
b,favmuf&ifxkremjzpf½SmrvJ}} [k ,lusHK;r&jzpfvdkuf&ao;onf/
xdkYaMumihf pE´,m;wGif pdwfa&mufae&onfurS aeomxdkifom
½SdOD;rnfjzpfaomaMumihf pdwfygvufygwD;&ef pE´,m;qDodkYxcJhNyD;vQif

91
0ifxdkifumwdkYMunfhrdav\/ pE´,m;ay:rSoZifyef;uav;rsm;um; vef;qef;
½Tifyswkef;yif/ vufaqmif½Sifum; ta0;odkYoGm;cJhNyD/
]]aMomf trm pE´,m;wD;rvdkYvm;? vkyfprf;? vkyfprf; em;axmif&atmif?
armifodef;[efuvufxyfoifcJhwm olYtuGufuav;awG &avmufa&maygh}}
ajymajymqdkqdk 0ifvmolrSm vmaeus udkboufyifjzpfonf/ vl½kd;oavmuf
tvkdufurf;qdk;rod? ajymrdajym&m vTwfceJajymvkdufonf/ apwem
rSefaomfvnf; trmMuLrSm emomcHcufrsufceJjzpfoGm;&ao;onf/
]]at;uG,f 'gaMumifh wD;prf;ygvdkY cdkif;xm;&w,f}} [k a':zGm;ESpfu
0ifíaxmufvkdufonfwGif trmMuLu boufukd rauseyfovdk cyfplplom
jyefMunfhvkduf&½HkESihf vspfvsLjyKvkduf&avawmhonf/
boufESihf trmMuL\tpfr trmjzL tdrfaxmifuscgptcsdefavmufwGif
trmMuLum; <uyfqwfqwf aqmhawmhawmh? EGJUqdk;qdk;aom tysKdayguf
uav;omjzpfaomaMumihf ½dkao&rSef;rod? aMumuf&rSef;rod? tpfru
tvdkvdkufí tcspfydkoavmuf? bouftay:wGifvnf; qdk;cJhEGJUcJhonf/
boufukd,fwdkifuvnf; rdrd\tvkyf½Sif\ orD;taxG;vnf;jzpfjyef
tpfrESihfrdbrsm;uyg 0dkif;0efajr§mufpm;jyefojzihf rdrduonf;cH&onf
omr[kwf/ yifukdpdwf&if;uvnf; cifrifxm;aomaMumihf yGef;wD;vmcJh&
avonf/
]]ukdboufBuD; trmhukd pdefuwDyg tusÐ0,fay;prf;yg}}
]]ukdbouf &efukefoGm;&if vufywfem&Duav;0,fcJhygaemf}}
þodkY ylqmwdkif; 0,fíray;onfur½Sd/ u&duxcHum0,fí ay;wwf
aomaMumihf

92
]]tdk ukdbouf bmawG0,fvm&jyefwmwHk;? 'Daumifrav; ylqmwdkif;om
0,fay;ae&&if qHk;rSmr[kwfbl;}} [k tpfrjzpfoluyif 0ifí [efYwwfonfh
tcg
]]atmifrm 'guav;awGavmuf0,fay;&wmeJY rJGoGm;awmhr,fhtwkdif;?
w,fNyD; ckrSESajrm&rSef;odae vdkufwm? rraum ararwdkYypönf;awG
rjzKef;bl;vm;}} [k uufuufvefatmif &efawGUwwfjyefaomaMumihf
]]nnf;vdkcsif&if ararwdkYukd ylqmygawmhvm;}} [k ajymrdvQif
]]aMomf vufpoyfawmh olYvifuav;ykdufqHukd xdvdkYajymaewmukd;?
aumif;ygNyDawmf aemufwpfcg ylqmawmh oabm½Sdajymyg? olwdkY[m
uav;rsm;usawmh odwwfvkdufwm}} [k aqmifhaqmihfatmifhatmifhvkyfwwf
jyefavonf/
armifbouftzdkYuawmh trmajymorQ NyHK;íomMunfhaewwfonf/
tvGefqHk;ajymcsifvdkYajymonfhwdkifatmif trmMuLtm; tNrJwrf;cGihfvTwfí
olYbufuom a½SUaevkdufay;azmf&onf/
]][J [J [J [kwfouG,fh? [kwfouJGU? olYtpfrawmh olYwpfa,mufyJ
Edkifr,fhol½Sdw,f? trmjzLuvnf; [kwfw,f? [kwfy nDrav;yJ[m
o0efaMumifvkdufwmvGefa&m? wdkYvdkrsm;jzihf ajymvkdY&&if& r&&if [pfatmf
idkypfvdkufrSmcifAs}} [k ajr§mufxdk;yihfaumfajymwwfaomaMumihf þvdktcgrsKd;
wGif r,m;jzpfolu
]][if;aemf oluyg rD;avmif&mavyihf vkyfaejyefyvm;? rdkufonfxuf
rdkufatmif tqdyfyifa&avmif;aewm aumif;w,frsm;rSwfaeovm;?
olYtvdkvkdufvGef;vdkY aumifrav; urf;wufaewm [if;}} [k wu,fh
rsufESmxd rsufESmxm;ESihf Budrf;0g;vkdufonfhtcgwGifvnf; NyHK;NzJNzJ
pyfNzJNzJvkyfae&mu rsufESmydk;owfí rckwfwwfonfh aMumifuav;vdk

93
jzpfoGm;&jyefavonf/ wu,fqdkawmh boufrSm ukd,hfrdef;rukdaomfrS
tvdkvdkufí tBudKufukd acsmhaygif;aewwfonfh vl½dk;vlaumif;BuD;
wpfa,mufjzpf½Smonf/
xdkaeYnu pE´,m;wD;&ef boufukd,fwkdif trmMuLtm; acsmhajr§muf
cdkif;&jyefonf/ trmMuLESihf armifodef;[efrSm yGef;wD;&if;ESD;vmMuolyDyD
wpfaeYaeYwGif ESpfzufrdbu ae&mcsxm;ay;Mu&rnfh cspfoltcsif;csif;
jzpfaMumif;udkvnf; wpGef;wp&dyfrdxm;onfhtwdkif; rMumrMumvnf;
trmMuLESvHk;ava0SUatmif rxdwxdESihf usDpm; cRwfpGm; upm;vmcJh
avonf/ trmMuLurlum; boufu upm;vdkufwdkif; ½I;½I;½Sm;½Sm;ESihf
½Suf&rf;&rf; wwfonfhwdkifatmif cspfoltwif;pum;Mum;&jcif;ü ra&mifh&JEdkif
atmif ½Sd&avonf/
]]ukdboufBuD; 'Dwpfcg &efukefukd pufypönf;awG oGm;0,f&if trmhukd
oZifyef; &mxkyfwpfxkyfavmuf 0,fcJhprf;yg}}
]]tvdk rqDrqdkif vufyHom; "g;eJYcsKdifvdkufavAsm/ usKyfoGm;&wmu
ta&mif;t0,feJY zkwfylrD;wdkuf uwdkufu½kdufajy;ae&wm? rSmjcif;rSm&if
ausmif;rSmZdrfeJYaeaewJh armifodef;[efukdrSmzdkYaumif;wm/ [kwfw,f
armifodef;[efuqdk&if oZifyef;rajymeJY tmom0wDEG,feDewfyef;awmif
cl;ay;r,fhtaumif [m; [m; [m;}}
]]tdk odom;yJ? 'gawmh ukdboufBuD; ajymzdkYrvdkygbl;}}
]] [m; [m; [m; [m; }}
]] [if;aemf? udkboufBuD; }}
]]od&ufom;eJY vludkwifpD;NyD; t0,fcdkif;&ao;ovm;}}
]]tdk rcdkif;ygbl; rcdkif;ygbl;? 'DZifbmv ausmif;ydwfvdkYjyefvmrS olYukd
rSmvkduf&r,f? uJ bmajymOD;rvJ}}

94
]]rajymygbl;Asm? rajymygbl; [J [J [J}}
t[kwfyif trmMuLu armifodef;[efukd pmwpfwef aywpfwefay;í
oZifyef;t0,fcJhcdkif;vkdufonf/ ,ckpE´,m;ay:u oZifyef;uav;rsm;
yifr[kwfygavm/ tdk yef;udkjrifvQif yef;½Sifudkowd&vSonf/ ,ck owd&yHk
rsKd;rSm xdcdkufvSonf/ ,cifh,cifu wpfcgwpf&Howd&apumrl ayghaygh
qq/ 'DuaeYn owd&wmrsKd;uawmh av;eufvGef;tm;BuD;vSonf/
0w¬KxJ? ½kyf½SifxJ &nf;pm;ukdvGrf; rsuf&nfpufvufuscJhMuolrsm;ukd
ykdvGef;vGefY [k txifao;cJhzl;onf/ ½IwfcscJhzl;onf/ wuwJawmf [k
oa&mfcJhzl;onf/ wdkYrsm;jzihf onfavmuf[kwfaygif[k avSmifcJhzl;onf/
,ckawmh ,ckawmh armifrif;BuD;om; jr§m;csuftonf;wpf0uf pl;0ifNyD;
uwnf;u ausmcsrS "g;jyrSef;odovdk cyfxdxduav; cHpm;&ygNyD/
odef;[eftaMumif;awGudk tEkpdwfíawG;ae&onfrSm taysmfBuD;aysmfí
[pfatmfNyD; oDcsif;qdkvkdufcsif ovdkvdk? b0ifzdk&mu vGrf;wNyD;
[pfidkvdkufcsifovdkvdk? iSufuav;vdk tawmifaygufNyD; olYqDta&muf
vdkufMunfh vdkufcsifovdkvdk/
]]tdk cufvdkufygbd ukdodef;[ef&,f}} [kom nnf;vkdufcsif½Smawmhonf/

___________

95
trm

udkodef;[efukd pdwfrqdk;eJYaemf trm? ig;&ufeJY jyefvmcJhr,fvdkY ajymcJhNyD;rS

uwdysuf&wJhtaMumif;uawmh usKdufxD;½dk;bk&m;udk tm;vHk;uqJGMuwmeJY
twif;jiif;aomfvnf; r&EkdifvGef;vdkY vkdufoGm;&OD;r,fuG,f/
tckavmufqdk trmarQmaevdrfhr,f? a'gyGaevdrfhr,fqdkwm ukdodef;[ef
awG;rdygw,fuG,f/ 'gaMumihf ukdodef;[ef awmif;yefygw,f trm?
ukdodef;[ef vdkufcsifvGef;vdkY vdkuf&wmr[kwfygbl;uG,f/ tm;emp&mBuD;
jzpfaevkdY rvdkufcsifbJvkduf&wmyg/ ukdodef;[efvnf; trmhukd tNrJowd&?
tNrJvGrf;vsufygyJ? 'gayr,hf usKdufxD;½dk; ujyefvQif ausmif;ukdwkduf½kduf
wuf&awmhrvdkjzpfaewJhtwGuf ukdodef;[eftay: cGihfvTwfygawmhaemf/
'grS rauseyf&if aEG&moDausmif;&uft½SnfBuD;ydwfawmh trmoabm½Sd
&efawGU&atmif ukdodef;[efjyefcJh yghr,fuG,f/ 'DawmhrS xkcsifoavmuf
xkygaemf/ BuD;BuD;wdkYyg usef;rmap&ef qkawmif;ygonf/

odef;[ef

]]b,fudkay;zdkYvJ ukdukdodef;[ef}}
]][if aMomf jrihfuvJ vefYvdkufwm}}
odef;[efonf pmukdtqHk;owfa&;NyD;í pmtdwfwGifxnfhawmhrnftvkyf
tem;ujzKef;ueJ ar;vkdufonfh toHaMumifh vefYoGm;rdonf/ vSnfhMunfh
vdkufawmh jrihfjrihf NyHK;NyHK;uav;a&mufvmawmhonf/
]][J [J [J ukdodef;[efu b,folYqDpdwfa&mufaeovJrS rodwm}}

96
]]ajyma&mhr,f jrihfujzihf}}
]]EdkY r[kwfbl;vm;? tem;vla&mufvmwmawmifrS rodbl;qdkawmh}}
]][J [J 'gu trSwfwrJhudk;jrihf&JU}}
]]'Davmufawmifpdwf0ifpm;&atmif b,frsm;ay;zdkYa&;aevdkYygvdrfh}}
]]aMomf tdrfukdyg}}
armifodef;[efu r&Jw&JESihf ajAmifvdrfvkdufrdonf/ tb,fhaMumifh þuJhokdY
rkom0g'vdkuf&onfukd odef;[ef rpOf;pm;rd? aMumufíavm? ½Sufíavm
odkYr[kwf ajym&rSm rwihfw,fíavm? rnfokdYyifjzpfap odef;[efum;
pdwfygvufygvdrfí t&om½Sdygbdonf/
jrihfjrihfwdkYwkdufodkY odef;[ef,cka&mufaeaomtBudrfrSm yxrtBudrf r[kwf
yg/ 'kwd,tBudrf? wwd,tBudrf avmuf½SdygNyD/ rESpfaEG&moD ausmif;
&uf½SnfBuD;ydwfpOfu oli,fcsif;ausmfoef;qJGaqmifrIaMumihf wpfv eD;yg;
aysmfyg;pGmvmívnfzl;ygonf/
om; oli,fcsif;ESihfywfoufí rkqdk;r rif;uawmfBuD;ESihfomru
orD;av;jrihfjrihfESihfyg arwåmul;puf &if;ESD;vmcJhrdonf/ rk'HkuefBuD;okdY
aysmfyJGpm;xGufcJhMuzl;onf/ bDvl;uRef;odkY 'l;&if;oD;pm; oGm;Muzl;onf/
usKdu©rDodkY a&vnfbk&m;zl;oGm;cJhMuonf/ armfvNrdKifoBuFef Murf;w,fqdkí
vnf; a&yufcHxGufcJhMuzl;onf/
.wpfacgufxufwpfacguf a&mufav &if;ESD;av ae&mwumwGif &J&J
wif;wif; aqGrsKd;&ifcsmuJhodkY jzpfvmMuonf/ ,ckESpf jrihfjrihf\ q,fh½Spf
Budrfajrmuf arG;aeYr*FvmyJGBuD;wGif pE´,m;wD;ay;NyD;í oli,fcsif;0wå&m;
ausyGefukefqHk;onfhwkdifatmif yJcl;odkYrjyef&ao;/ usKdufxD;½dk;bk&m;okdY
waysmfwyg;BuD; oGm;Mu&atmif twif; aoG;aqmifMujyefavonf/

97
.....armfvNrdKifolyDyD jzLjzLwkwfwkwfuav;jzpfaom jrihfjrihftm; owdxm;í
MunfhrdonfrSm ,ckrSjzpfavonf/ ,cifa&mufzl;cJhaom tacgufrsm;xuf
xGm;usKdif;pdkjynfvmonfudkvnf; ododomomBuD; rSwfrdonf/ 'gxuf
,ciftacgufrsm;xuf eD;eD;uyfuyfa&ma&m0if0ifjzpfvmonfukdvnf; odod
omomBuD; owdxm;rdonf/
.....odef;[efum; &[EÅmr[kwf? vSwmjrifvQif cspfcsifonfh tEko, tHkYykef;?
udef;atmif;onfh omrefa,musFm; wpfa,mufomjzpfonf/ jzLjzLazG;azG;
a&aq;ig;BuD;vkdvSaom jrihfjrihfukd t&omcHí Munfhp&m rsufpduav;
ESpfuGif; ygonf/ csKdomaom yD,0gpm avmuGwfpum; cyf0J0J armfa½TNrdKif
avoHuav;awGudk Mum;&wdkif; ESpfoufatmif em;ESpfzufygonf/
aygif'geHYuav; woif;oif;? udk,fwGif;eHYuav; wBudKifBudKifukd
*E¨m½HkvIdifatmif tmemyge oGif;Ekdifonfh ESm&if;ESmwHvnf;ygonf/ tqHk;ukd
qkd&aomf odef;[ef\ ½lyu©E¨mü a0'emu©E¨mjzpfp&m tm½Hkig;yg;
pvHk;ruif;rqdwf rydwfrqdkYEkdifao;onfh vkvifwefpdk tnMwvlysKd
uav;jzpfaomaMumihf jypfrSm;rdonfukdawmh odef;[efom olYtjypfol
odcJhonf/
.....odkYaomf pdwfaemufukd ukd,frygp&m twG,ftwmawGu½Sdí awmfyg
ao;onf/ yxrtwG,ftwmum; usef&pfcJhonfh &nf;pm; trmMuL\
oem;p&mrsufESmuav;jzpfí 'kwd, ql;wyfwHwkdif;rSm tcspfqHk;oli,fcsif;
ausmfoef;\ rsufESmjzpfayonf/ t&dyfcdkcdk tcufcsKd;csKd; þrQavmufawmh
rqdk;0Hh r,kwfrm0Hhay/
.....]]ukdukdodef;[ef rvdrfeJYaemf? awmfawmfMum tarhqD r[kwfbJeJY
&nf;pm;qDay;wJhpmvnf; jzpfaeygOD;r,f [J [J [J}}
.....]][m jrihfuvJ [J [J [J}}

98
.....]][kwfw,fav jrihfawmh bGif;bGif;yJBudKufw,f/ &nf;pm;½Sd ½Sdw,faygh/
bmjzpfao;vJ? r*Fvmaqmif&if jrihfwdkY aumif;aumif; vufzJUGcsifvdkY
ajymaewmyg}}
.....]]tdk jrihfuvJ awmufwD;awmufwJh}}
.....]]'gjzihf ukdukdodef;[efrSm &nf;pm;r½Sdbl;ayghav}}
.....]]tdk usm;ukdufygw,fqdk emwm½Snfvm; ar;wm usaeygNyD}}
.....]]rodbl;av? rESpfu ausmif;ydwfwkef;uawmh wpfvavmuf Mumatmif
awmif aysmfaysmf½Tif½TifaecJh&JUom;eJY? 'Dwpfcgvmawmh csufjcif;jyefcsifwm
usKdufxD;½dk;awmifrS renf;ac:rS vkdufr,fajymwm yJcl;omjyefajy;csifaewm}}
.....odef;[efum; NyHK;½HkomNyHK;ae&awmhonf/ þodkY ajymqdkaeaomtcsdefum;
{nfhcef;wGif a':jrarvnf;r½Sd? armifausmfoef;vnf; tjyifokdYxGufaeqJ
tcgjzpfonf/ umvorD;ESihf umvom; b,fpum;u b,fodkYcsDvQif
b,fqDukd&nf½G,faMumif;?aumif;aumif;BuD;odonfhwkdifatmifarmifodef;[ef
tzdkYuawmh tdyfcsifa,mifaqmifae& ayawmhonf/ 'gayr,fh jcpm;onfh
r@dKifMumMumrS cdkifyghrvm;/
xdktcdkuf NcHwGif;odkYarmif;0ifvmaom um;oHukd Mum;vdkuf&aomaMumihf
armifodef;[efu rsufESmykd;owf vkdufonfhtcsdefwGif jrihfuvnf; odef;[ef
tyg;rS ra,mifrvnfcGgxGufoGm;avonf/ um;wHcg;zGihfí qif;vmolrSm
0efaxmuf OD;pdk;jrihfqdkoljzpfonf/ OD;wyfíac:&aomfvnf; toufrSm
oHk;q,fausmfuav;omjzpfonf/ armifodef;[eftaejzihfajym&vQif
udkpdk;jrihfrSm rif;uawmfBuD;ESihf tawmfyvJeHyoihfMuaom rdwfaqG&if;csm
jzpfonf/ rif;uawmfqHk;NyD;p t&m½Sdrkqdk;zdk t½G,faumif;jzpf&m
armfvNrdKifNrdKUcH rsufESmBuD;ykdif;u 0kdif;í*½kpkdufaeMuaom xifay:ol
wpfOD;jzpfonf/ jrihfukdyif csdefaeaomt&dyftuJrSm odef;[eftzdkY r&dyfrdbJ

99
raeom/ odef;[efu þodkY &dyfrdovdk ukdpdk;jrihfuvnf; jrihf\arG;aeYwGif
odef;[efESihf rdwfqufoduRrf;&NyD;onfupí odef;[ef\ t&dyftuJukd
apmifhMunfhaeyHk½Sdonf/ aumvdyfausmif;om; *Dworm;u Mum;u
jzwfokwfoGm;rnfukd rvdkwrm ½Sdaeonf/
odef;[ef\ pE´,m;vufoHukd trsm;u0kdif;ícsD;rGrf;aeMuonfhtcsdefrsKd;wGif
]]tif; wl&d,m*Dwqdkwm tysif;ajyavmufyJ oabmxm;zdkYaumif;wmuvm;?
wu,fqdkawmh pD;yGg;jzpf EkdifwJh ynmr[kwfygbl;}} [k avoHypfwwfonf/
]]'D0goemrsKd;[m w,fNyD;pdwfavwwfwmyJ}} [k csD;rGrf;ajcausmuf
ajymoHMum;uwnf;u odef;[efonf udkpdk;jrihftay: awmfawmfcsOfcJhzl;onf/
]]aMomf jrihfwpfa,mufwnf;vm;}}
{nfhcef;odkY0if0ifcsif; ukdpdk;jrihfonf odef;[efukd waphwapmif;Munfhum
rouFmovdk rsufESm&dyfESihf jrihfukd uGufíEIwfqufvkdufavonf/
]]tefu,fuvnf; ukdodef;[efwpfa,mufvHk;awmif rjrifawmhbl;vm; [J
[J}} jrihfu &,foGrf;uav; aoG;í aighawmhawmh {nfhcHvkdufonf/
pifppftm;jzihfqkd&vQif jrihfonf oltxifBuD;aom armifodef;[eftm;
txifao;aeoljzpfaomaMumihf aumif;aumif;rsufESmaMumrwnfh/
]]aMomf jrihfuvJ tdrfom;xJu wpfa,mufa,mufukdajymwmyg?
armifodef;[efawmh tjrifom;aygh? olu {nfhonfyJ[m r[kwfbl;vm;uGm
armifodef;[ef}}
vdr®myg;eyfaom vlBuD;vlaumif;yDyD rsufESmukd oumzHk;í cyfNyHK;NyHK;
qufqHvdkufonf/ jrihftzdkYajym&vQif t&m½Sd t&mcHjzpfaomfvnf; touf
BuD;aom rkqdk;zdkukd tcspfykdzdkY cufcJaeonf/ wuúodkvfausmif;om;qdkvQif
tqHk;tqr½Sd wufvrf;½Sd½HkrQru touft½G,fcsif;odyfruGmaom vlysKd
[lonfh yumoeu xif;yHkacgif;cs rSef;qí aumif;aeonf/ xdkxuf

100
omaom *kPft*Fgwpf&yfuvnf; rsufESmBuD; jrihfarG;aeYwGif txufwef;
vufa½G;pifrsm;om yJGaeyJGxkdif<ua&mufMupOfu vlwumcsD;rGrf;atmif
pE´,m;ukd EkdifEdkifeif;eif;wD;jyvkdufonfrSm armifodef;[efom jzpfaom
aMumihf jrihfwdkYwGif *kPfwuf&onfESihftrQ odef;[efwGifvnf; vlwkdif;u
ta&;,lrdwfqufjcif;udk cHcJh&yHk jzpfavonf/
xdkYaemufyifvQif 0goemygvSaom tdrfrsm;u toD;oD;zdwfac:aom
vufzuf&nfyJG? xrif;pm;yJGwdkYukd tdrfonfjzpfonfh jrihfESihfwuG
armifausmfoef;uyg vdkufykdYvnfywfae&jcif;onfvnf; jrihftzdkdY rsufESmyef;
vSovdk xif&avonf/
*DwynmonfrSmvnf; rylyif&aom tNidrf;pm;rsm;twGuf tcGihfta&;
ykdrdk&½SdEkdifvsuf em;axmif&mu 0goemygjcif;? tm;usjcif;? oif,lvdkjcif;
jzpfEdkifaomaMumihf yifpifpm;? tNidrf;pm;olaX;rsm;? t&m½Sdrsm;aygrsm;&m
'dkif;0efuGif;wGif odef;[efudk ta&;r,lol r½Sdoavmufxifay:cJhav\/
odef;[efESihfywfoufí jrihfudkyif 0goemygaom t&m½SdorD; taygif;toif;
rsm;u odef;[ef\ ZmwdZpfjrpf oabmoum, ponfwdkYukd pyfpk
vmMuavonf/
]]jrihfwkdYawmh odyfuHaumif;wmyJaemf 'DvleJYod&wm? ukd,fwdkYomjzihf
pE´,m;twD;oifrSmyJ}} [k ajymolu ajymMuvsuf wpfcsKdUr&if;ESD;onfh
rEdkif&ifumrsm;url
]]a[h jrihf? jrihfwdkYtdrf pE´,m;csdefyD,HBuD;a&mufaewmeJY wdkYrsm;tdrfawmif
vmvnfazmfr&awmhbl;ayghav? tcef;wHcg;ydwfNyD; pE´,m;ESdyfaeMuvdkYvm;}}
[k i,faygif;BuD;azmfyDyD rxdcvkyfxdcvkyfrsm;ESihf aighMuav\/
þodkY tajctaersKd;jzpfvmaomtcg jrihfpdwfxJwGif odef;[eftay:
tm½HkjyKoxufjyKrdav\/ txifBuD; oxufBuD;vmcJhav\/ pdwåaA'

101
tm;jzihfum; xl;qef;aomoabmr[kwfacs/ avmu"r®wmpdwfynmt&
xif½Sm;ausmfapmaomyk*¾dKvfwdkYtm; cifrifMunfñdkav;pm;jcif;onf obm0
"r®wmjzpf\/ rjrifzl;ao;vQif jrifzl;csif\/ rawGUzl;ao;aomf
awGUzl;qHkzl;BuHKzl;csifMu\/ todtuRrf;rdwfaqGo*F[qdkaom tqihftwef;
odkYa&mufvdkjyef\/ þodkY todtuRrf; cifcifrifrifjzpf&onfhtwGufyif
*kPf,lwwfMu\/
0efBuD;0efBuD;csKyfponfwkdYudkvnf;aumif;? tcsKdUemrnfausmf ½kyf½Sifrif;orD;?
rif;om; ponfwkYdESihf vnf;aumif;? oduRrf;&onfyifvQif udk,fhtaygif;
toif;tv,fwGif ajymírqHk;EkdifolawG trsm;tjym;½SdMuonf/ xdktxJwGif
vGwfvyfaom tysKd vlysKdjzpfcJhrl cifrifMunfñdk&mu wPSmcspfodkY ul;ajymif;
um pJGvrf;vmwwfMuonf/ Zmwfrif;om;uav;rsm;ukd om;trSwf?
wltrSwfarG;pm;wwfaom olaX;uawmf? t&m½Sduawmf? yJGuHx½kduf?
Zwfykdif½Sif rdef;rBuD;rsm;ESihf w&m;ta[maumif;aom yÍÆif;ysKduav;rsm;ukd
ypönf;av;yg;'g,dumr cHvdkonfh ausmif;tpfr tvSLUtpfrBuD;rsm;
onfvnf;aumif;? ,kwfpGtqHk; xbDNcHKatmufvrf;q&m Z&mtbdk;BuD;
yifjzpfap olwumu 0dkif;í pMumrif;avmif;[k txifBuD;í½Sdcdk;cpm;
aeMuNyDqdkvQif rdzk&m; a½G;aumufyJG0ifvdkonfh rdef;rrsm; ay:aygufvmNrJ
jzpfMuonf/ þoabmrsKd;rSm tjrihfukdvSrf;í txl;tqef;ukd cHkrifaom
pdwfwpfrsKd;\ om"u wpf&yfjzpfavonf/
jrihfwkdY\wdkufeD;csif;jzpfol yifpif&t&m½SdorD; cifrBuD;qdkolum; tysKd[dkif;
wpfa,mufjzpfav&m armifodef;[eftm; ta&;,lonfhteuf xl;uJol
wpfa,mufjzpfaMumif;ukd jrihfjrihfukd,fwdkif owdjyKrdavonf/
,cifh,cifu zHkwufatmifypfxm;aom pE´,m;ukd armifodef;[ef
a&mufvmuwnf;u aeYa&mnyg Mum;avmufatmif wD;aewwfvsuf

102
jrihfwdkYtdrfokdYrMumcPtvnftywfvmjcif;? pum;ajym&mwGif odef;[efESihf
pum;vufqHkusatmif BudK;pm;jcif;wkdUu oufaojyaeonf/
]]jrihf&JU jrihfwdkYtdrfu ukdodef;[efu aoG;BuD;wwfovm;uJGU}} [k ar;í
]][iftif; rBuD;wwfygbl;? bmjzpfvdkYvJ rrcif&JU}} [k jyeftajymwGif
]]aMomf bmaMumihfrSr[kwfygbl;? aoG;rBuD;wwf&if wdkYrsm;tdrfudk
tvnftywfac:cJhygvdkY ajymrvdkYyg/ olYcrsmysif;aerSmayghuG,f/ aemufNyD;
cifrBuD;udkvnf; pE´,m;oifay;zdkY wqdwfajymay;ygvm;}} [laom qG,fvHk;
rsm;uvnf; rdef;uav;wdkY"r®wmt& tarausmfNyD;a'G;a':vGrf;oGm;rnfukd
jrihfo0ifaMumifcJhrdonf/
odef;[efu ta&;t,lqHk;aomrdef;rysKdrSm rdrdomvQifjzpfapvdkaom raemrSm
tb,fukda&mufonf[k owdrxm;Edkifvifhupm; oabmxm;ao;cJhrdonf/
xdkYaMumifh odef;[eftm; avmuGwfo'¨gawGykdí ae&mwum vdkavao;
r½Sdatmif*½kpdkuf&onf/ rdrdtm; odef;[efu r½dk;aompdwfESihf wdwfwdwfcdk;
cspfoGm;aeovm;[k tuJcwfrd onfrSmvnf;tarm? a&vmajrmif;ay;
ajym&onfrSmvnf; twefwef? pifppfrSmawmh rdef;rom;uav;jzpfaeíom
ukd,fu rp0Hhí Mumae&onf/
olum;vlysKd? ukd,fum;tysKdjzpfygvsuf rdcifrsufESm? tpfukdYrsufESmaxmufí
aMumufaejcif;omjzpf&rnf/ xdkYaMumihf udk,fiifí olr,drf;? olwdrf;zdkY
uvnf; r[mopömawmfapmihfaejcif;twGuf tm;rvdktm;r&½Sdaeavonf/
]]udkukdodef;[ef wpfa,mufwnf;bmrsm;vmawG;aewmvJ}}
]]aMomf jrihf tvum;ygyJ}}
wpfnae armifodef;[efyef;NcHwGif;rSm xdkifíaepOf jrihfwdkufay:rSqif;í
pum;qdkvkdufjcif;jzpf\/

103
tMuifool? MunfjzLESpfouf? olYtdrfxuf0,f? wpf&ufwpfn? okccHpm;?
rsm;rsm;r[kwf? wpfvkwfxrif;? wpf½Iyf[if;udk? 0rf;wGif;avQm½SL;? oHk;&zl;rl?
xdkooltm;? jypfrSm;w&H? raemuHrQ? rBuHtyfay [laom 0d"l&ysKdUonf
odef;[ef\pdwfudkqHk;raeaom q&mwpfqljzpfav\/
]]ukdudkodef;[efukd jrihf wpfckar;OD;r,f}}
]]bmrsm;ygvdrfh}}
]][dkbufwdkufu cifrBuD;eJYodovm;}}
]][ifhtif;}}
]]rsufapmif;xdk;wdkufu cifcifav;udkaum}}
]]jrifzl;½Hk½SdMuwmyJ}}
]]'gjzihf tdrfa½SUtdrfu r&ifEkeJYaum}}
]]rodygbl; jrihfjrihf&JU? aeygOD; 'gawGudk bmjzpfvdkYar;ae&wmvJ? ajymprf;
ygOD;}} [k odef;[efu txdwfwvefYar;av jrihfwGif NyHK;pdpdjzpfav vkyfae
aomaMumihf omí ouFmruif;EdkifawmhbJ
]]bmjzpfvdkYar;wmvJjrihf}}
]]ar;aewJhvlukd ukdukdodef;[efu vdrfaewmudk;}}
]]tdk bmvdrfwmvJ? rodvdkY rodbl;ajymwJh[m}}
]]olwdkYuajymawmh}}
]]olwkdYu b,fvdkajymovJ}}
]]ukdudkodef;[efu olwdkYukd}}
]]tif; qdkprf;ygOD;}}
]]ykd;aeowJh}}
]]tvdk bk&m;a&}}
]]bk&m;a& vkyfraeeJY? tJ'goHk;a,mufpvHk;u wpfOD;pDpGyfpJGaeMuwm}}

104
tcspf&nfvnfcJhNyD;aom odef;[efonf jrihf\ r[kwfu[kwfu ukwfuwf
xkwfaom vkyfZmwfo½kyfukd &dyfrdavonf/ xdkYaMumifh NyHK;pdpdESihfjrihfudk
wpfcsufMunfhvkdufrdonf/ tom;vdkvdkY t½dk;awmif;? pum;vdkvdkY wpfrsKd;
aqmif;yHkrSm tqdk;taumif;rodao;onfhtwGuf vHkvSNyDxif&aomfvnf;
odef;[eftzdkYrSm oGm;awmhacGacG? aeawmh pif;pif; acgif;ckrif; qdkonfh
pum;xmukd tajzcdkif;onfESihf wlaeawmhonf/
]]bmvJ udkudkodef;[efu [kwfaevdkY NyHK;pdpdjzpfaewmvm;? BudKufvnf;
BudKufw,faygh? jrihf wpfcGef;ajym vkduf&if jzpfygw,f}}
jrihfu xyfí uGefYvkdufjyefao;onf/
]]'gjzihf jrihfub,foleJYoabmwlaevdkYvJ? uJ qdkprf;ygOD;}}
]]tdk 'guawmh jrihfuBudKuf&rSmrSr[kwfbJ? ukdukdodef;[efuBudKuf&rSm
ukdukdodef;[efoabmaygh}}
]]r[kwfbl;av? jrihfoabmwlrS ukdudkodef;[efu [J [J}}
jrifhonf pdk;&drfBuD;pGmESihf odef;[efudk tuJcwfvdkufrdonf/ ukd,fh½I;ukd,fhywf
um tusyf½kdufaeawmhonf/ rdrdMum;vdkaompum;u
]]tvum;ygjrihf&m? awmufwD;awmufwJh? b,folrSrBudKufygbl; pdwfawmif
rjypfrSm;rdygbl;? bk&m;pl;? rdk;BudK;ypf}} qdkaompum;rsKd;ESihf rdrdbufodkY
jr§m;OD;vSnfhvmvdkvmjim; atmuftpfxkwfjcif;rQjzpf&m ,ckawmhvdk&if;ESihf
qdkjcif;rSm y#dyu©jzpfaeaomaMumihf tHhtm;oihf½Sm½HkrQru wu,fyJ
'DoHk;a,mufxJu wpfa,mufa,mufudk BudKufaeawmhNyDvm;[k ta&;wBuD;
pOf;pm;rdavonf/
]]BudKufrSmygyJ? olwkdYuighxufvnf;½kyfacsmw,f? toufvnf;½G,fwl?
aemufNyD; racsmwdkYu eefYeefYwufaeMuwm? ihgqdkawmh udkukdodef;[efu

105
rsufESmaxmufp&mawG½Sdaeao;wm? olwdkYqdkawmh b,folYeJYrS ywfoufwmrS
r[kwfbJ}}
jrihfpdwfxJwGif remvdkrIawG uRrf;xdk;wrf;upm;aeMuav\/
]]jrihf oabmwlwmajym&rSmjzihf cifrBuD;yJ? b,fhES,fvJ}}
jrihfu olYpdwfukdolcsKyfí [efvkyfum aoG;wdk;prf;vdkuf&aomfvnf; olYtoH
uav;rSm wkefwkef,if,if jzpfae½Smonf/ xdkYaMumihf odef;[efrSm
&,fcsifonfhMum;u oem;vkdufrdjyefonf/ odkYaomf rdrdtay: tmv,jywf
oGm;Ekdifatmif
]]jrihfoabmwl&ifawmh ajymay;av? ukd,fuawmh cspfaewmyJ}} [k pyfNzJNzJ
jyefajzvdkufonfESihf wpfNydKifeuf jrihfrsufESmuav;rSm ESif;qDa&mifajy;í
idkawmhrvdk ai;oGm;avawmhonf/
]]orD;a& jrihf}}
rdcifBuD;u wkduf0rS vSrf;íac:vkdufaomaMumihf jrihfu odef;[efESihf
pum;pjzwfum rausreyfESihfyif xGufoGm;&avonf/ odkYaomf wpfvSrf;?
ESpfvSrf; vSrf;&mu odef;[efudkvSnfhí
]]udkudkodef;[ef wu,fajymwmaemf aemufawmhaMumufraeeJY}} [k rpl;r&JESihf
pum;pqufvkdufrdao;onf/ odef;[efrSmawmh &,f½Hkom&,fjyvdkuf&onf/
&,fíqHk;awmh oufrBuD;wpfvHk; ypfcsvkduf&ygao;onf/
ol rwdkYavrS olwdkYvQif wu,fjrnfwJh? NrdKUrefvnf a½TpnfBuD;ygyJ [laom
refvnfq&mawmfBuD;\ ukd,f&nfaoG;pmuJhodkY odef;[ef\ orm"drSm
jrihfjrihfuvmírwdkYygrS wkPSdbma0cyfrqdwfaeEkdifrnfjzpf&m ,ckvdk
jrihfjrihfu uEGJUu& ylwdylqmvmí wdkYvQifum; MumMumcHEkdif wGef;vSef
EkdifonfhpGrf;&nfrSm acsmufurf;yg;ukd a&pm;ovdk aeYvm;nvm; jzpfae&
jyefonf/ 'gukdvnf; ukd,hf0rf;emukd,fomodvdkufonf/

106
]]a[h ukdodef;[ef? wpfa,mufwnf; bmvmidkifaewmwHk;}}
aemufem;uvmí vSefYvkdufolrSm jrihftpfukd armfausmfoef;jzpfjyefonf/
olYukdawGUvdkuf&jcif;onf cRef;udk jrifvdkuf&aom ajymrmwifvdk qifjcifwHk
w&m;awG bGm;ceJay:vm&jyef\/ owdwref ÓmPfajruwkwf? ynmpGrf;
cRef;uJhokdYtkyf&rnf r[kwfygavm/
]][m cifAsm;uvJ ½SdrSr½SdbJ? ysif;ysif;½SdwmeJY}}
]]'gjzihf aeOD;Asm? aps;BuD;bufukdavQmuf&atmif? cifAsm;ukd wdkifyifp&m
uav;½SdvdkY uRefawmf tusÐoGm; 0wfvkduf&OD;r,f}} [k ajymajymqdkqdk
wdkufwGif;odkYcyfokwfokwf0ifoGm;onfhtcdkuf NcH0u 0ifvmolwpfOD;ukd
vSrf;jrifvdkuf&onfESihf wpfNydKifeuf ra,mifrvnf a½Smifz,fí xGufrnf
tjyKwGifrS
]]aMom ukdodef;[ef wpfa,mufwnf;ygvm;}} [k vSrf;íEIwfqufum
NyHK;NyHK;ESihfvmaeonfh cifrBuD;ukd rsufESmcsif;qdkifvkduf&jyefawmhonf/
wpfcPav;avmufu ajymoGm;aom jrihf\pum;udk trSwfr&bJ
raeEdkifojzihf aMomf? tif;? [kwfuJh ponfhpum;rsKd;jzihf &,foGrf;aoG;
&vihfupm; rsufESmrxm;wwfatmif NyHK;pdpdjzpfae&ao;onf/
cifrBuD;uvnf; tysif;ajy tvnftywf0ifcJhovdk tem;odkYa&mufatmif
pdwfat;vufat;ESihf avQmufcJhum ESpfudk,fcsif;,SOf&yfrdrS
]]jrihfwpfa,mufaum tdrfxJrSmxifyg&JU}}
]][kwfygvdrfhr,f? tckeuyJ wufoGm;ygw,f}}
þwGifvnf; cifrBuD;u pum;prowfEdkifao;bJ
]]ysif;&if cifwdkYtdrfbuful;cJhygawmh? azazwdkYujzihf udkodef;[efpE´,m;
vufoHukd ajymvdkYukd rNyD;Ekdifbl;? ukdodef;[efuvnf; 'DrSm MumMumrae
EdkifvdkYom? EdkYr[kwf&if cifhukdawmif oifay;zdkYylqmrvdkY}}

107
]][kwfuJhcifAsm? uRefawmfvnf; 'DrSmMumMumraeEkdifvdkYyg}}
}}MumMumae&ifvnf; oifay;zdkYapwem½SdOD;rSukd; ukdodef;[ef&JU}} tckawmh
ysif;wmeJY yif;wmeJY tavmawmfrdkY ajymae&wmvm;}} [k tqHk;owfwGif
t½Tef;uav;qefatmif cspfp&mtoHESihf &,fcsvdkufavonf/
odef;[efESihf cifrBuD;ESpfa,muf,SOfí NyHK;NyHK;½Tif½TifajymaeMuyHkrSm wdkufwGif;
ujrifae&aom jrihftwGuf rsufpdxJ oJESihftyufcH&ovdkjzpfoGm;av\/
]][kwfygNyD? [kwfygNyD? {uEÅ udkudkodef;[ef ihgukdajymvdkufwJhpum;[m
olYpdwfxJ½SdorQ zGihfajymvdkufwJh pum;yJjzpfrSmyg/ 'gaMumifhrdkY igu vpfwdkif;
tcGihfta&;ay;wmawGawmif t csifa,mifaqmifNyD; a½Smifa½Smifaewmaygh/
tcspft"dyÜg,fqdkwm olrodbJaeyghrvm;/ 'Dt½G,frS tNrD;rayguf
bmarsmufwJhwHk;? Munfhprf;ygOD;? ckawmh tMunf vHk;qdkufaevdkufMuwm}}
jrihf\tonf;wGif y½Gufqdwfwufovdk r½dk;r½GESihf tcH&cufae½Smonf/
cifrBuD;\ qHxHk;ay:wGifum; oZifyef;uav;rsm; wa0a0½Sdav\/
zvefe,fvHkcsnf tuGufpdyfuav;ukd0wfí pdefuwåDygeufjymyHkawmftusÐ
ay:wGif udk,fwdkifxdk;xm;aom odk;arG;vnfywfuav; rcdkYw½dkYwif
xm;onfrSm ukdodef;[efukd,fwdkif rsufpdusaerdonf/
vHk;BuD;aygufvS cHhcHh00jzpfaeaomaMumihf rif;uawmf½kyf wrf;aeav&m
cifrBuD;½kyf&nfusufoa&½Sdoavmuf jrihfjrifhrSm rsufpdaemufaerdonf/
tysKdaygufp tysKd½kdif;uav;rsm;\ tcspfpdwfum; tqdyftwmuf
r½Sdaomfvnf; tajcmuftvSefYaumif;aom vif;a>rESihftvGefwlvSonf/
xdkpum;onfrSef\/ a>rwumha>rxJwGif vif;a>rwdkYrnfonf vluom
aMumufyHk&vQif r½Sdaomyg;ysOf;ukdaxmifí a>ra[mufESihfwlatmif ½SL;½SL;
½Sm;½Sm;ESihfvkdufawmhrvdk vkyfwwfao;onf/ vluajy;av olwdkYuvdkufav?
wu,fhtrsufjyif;onfh a>rBuD;ygay/ vluom vif;a>rrSef;odí

108
raMumufr½GHU vkdufvQifum; acgif;udkajrrSm jym;jym;0yfí w&pyf
xGufajy;vkdufonfrSm aemufuvlrS rrDEkdifawmhay/
tysKduav;rsm;vnf; xdktwdkif;jzpfonf/

___________

wdrfuif;pifonfh aqmif;wGif;n aumif;uifjymatmufwGif rnf;rnf;rdkYrdkY

ukef;xaeaom usdKufomvH&ifjyifawmfxufu a½TapwD vQyfppfbk&m;rD;yGihf
uav;rsm;rSm toG,fvdkuf tqdkif;vkduf pdefBudK;oDxm;ovdk w0if;0if;
wvufvuf awmufyaeMuavonf/
oHvGifjrpf0udkjzwfajy;vmaom aqmif;avonf yifv,fa&aiGUuav;awG
udkyg wdkYuqdwf wdkYueef; qJGaqmifusDp,fvmcJhao;onf/
aps;BuD;ykdif; w½kwfwef;&yfuGufrSm oGm;ol vmol pm;ol aomufolrsm;ESihf
tvGefpnfum;aeonf/ nOfhOD;tcsdefuav;jzpfav\/
oefYjyefYxnf0gaom w½kwf[dkw,fBuD;wpfck\ oD;oefYtcef;uav;
wpfcef;xJwGif tjr§Kyfraoao;aom bD,mzefcGufpm;yJGukd tv,fuxm;í
pum;rajymao;bJ awGa0aeMuolESpfa,mufrSm ausmfoef;ESihf odef;[efwdkY
jzpfav\/
]]uJ qdkprf;ygOD;? cifAsm;wkdifyifcsifw,fqdkwm}}
odef;[efu pí yPmrysKd;vdkufaomtcgwGifrS ausmfoef;uNyHK;vmí
]]jrmtwGufayghAsm}} [k nnf;nnf;ñlñlESihf ed'gef;qifvdkufonf/
]]tif; qdkprf;ygOD;? aumifrav;wpfa,mufukd ydk;aew,fqdkygawmh}}

109
]]r[kwfao;bl;Asm? 'Dvdk'Dvdk? uRefawmfhukd vlBuD;awGu trmeJY pyfxm;
w,f}}
]][if trm? b,fu trmvJ}}
odef;[efwGif qwfceJ acgif;axmifí txdwfwvefYar;vdkufrdonf/
ausmfoef;ujzKef;ceJ rajzvdkufao;bJ cyfai;ai;awG;aeonfukdyif
aemufxyfapmifhraetm;bJ
]]vkyfprf;ygOD;? b,futrmvJ}} [k ar;aeonfhMum;u olYtrmMuLukd
owd&vdkufrdonf/
]]uRefawmfwdkYwkdufa½SUu r&ifEk&JU nDr[maum? jrihfqDukd cPcP
ul;vmMuwmav r&ifpkqdkwm? i,femrnfu trmwJh? uRefawmfwdkY
armfvNrdKifu trmwdkY? twmwkdYcsnf;yJ}}
]]aMom aMom}}
odef;[ef\toHrSm þwGifrS pdwfat;vufat; cyfav;av;jzpfoGm;&onf/
]]tJ'DMum;xJrSm oabFmvJu cspfcspfqdkwmeJYvnf; awGUaeMuvdkY}}
]][if cifAsm;u tJ'D trmqdkwmukdawmh rcspfbl; qdkygawmh [kwfvm;}}
]]trmhukdvm;? trmhukdvnf; &if;&if;ESD;ESD;awmif cspfNyD;aeNyD}}
]][if 'gjzihf}}
odef;[efu tHhMoum pum;tqHk;rowfEdkifao;onfhtwGif;
]]tJ'g uRefawmftBuH&usyfaevdkY}}
]]bmusyfp&m½SdovJ ukdausmfoef;&JU? &if;&if;ESD;ESD;cspfNyD;wJh trm½SdaewJhaemuf
cspfcspfqdkwmudk cGgvkdufaygh? EdkYr[kwf&ifolYcrsm}}
]][J [J ckrSawmh cGgvdkYr&awmhbl;? olYvnf; vGefvGefusL;usL;}}
]]a[mAsm 'gjzihf cifAsm;Opöm avSeHESpfzufeif;aewmaygh}}
ausmfoef;upum;rjyefbJ 0efcHovdk cyfidkifidkif NyHK;jyvdkufavonf/

110
]]'gjzihf bmtBuHusyfaep&m½SdovJ? w&m;cHu cifAsm;aygh? 'g cifAsm;tjypf?
ukd,fuvnf;cspfw,f? vlBuD; csif;uvnf; auseyfw,f? oluvnf;
ukd,fhtcspfukd vufcHxm;NyD;NyDqdkwJh rdef;uav;wpfa,muftjyif aemuf
wpfa,mufukd vGefusL;wJhtxd cspfrdw,fqdkwm}}
]]tif; uRefawmfhtjypfawmh uRefawmfhtjypfayghAsm? a,musFm;uav;udk;As}}
]][m 'gawmh a,musFm;uav;rdkYqdkwJh qifajceJY rvHkavmufygbl;Asm}}
]]uRefawmf qifajcay;aewmr[kwfygbl; ukdodef;[ef? jzpfvG,fwJhvrf;pOfukd
ajymjyaewmyg/ orD;&nf;pm; &JUtcspfqdkwmu ESpfukd,fhwpfpdwf
ESpfa,mufwnf;om ukd,fhtjypfudk,fod ukd,fhtajctae ukd,fodaeMu
ao;wmrdkY wpfOD;wpfa,mufu ukd,fhukd vGwfvyfwJhtaersKd;xifNyD;
cspf&nfaoG;vmwJhtcg udk,fwdkifra½SmifEkdifawmh tcufom;uvm;Asm?
cifAsm; ukd,fawGUBuHKzl;&if ukd,fcsif;pmEkdifrSmyJ}}
]]'gjzihf cifAsm;rdbpDrHxm;wmawGudk b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ}}
]]tif;av? 'gaMumihf uRefawmfpdwfnpfygw,fqdk}}
ausmfoef;onf bD,mukd wpfusKdufaumufí armhvkdufav\/
]]tck b,fukdoGm;rvdkY cifAsm;xGufvmwmvJ}}
]]olYqDukdaygh? cspfcspfqDudkav? reufjzefcg trmwdkY nDtpfrawGvnf;
usKdufxD;½dk;vdkufMur,fMum;vdkY tJ'g olpdwfraumif;bl;wJhAsm? aighNyD;pma&;
vdkY oGm;acsmh&OD;r,f? uJ aomufygAsm? cifAsm;uvnf; tckrS olawmfaumif;
vkyfraeprf;ygeJY}}
ausmfoef;u pum;emxdk;í wdkufaomaMumihf odef;[efuvnf; a&mí
aomuf&avonf/
]]trmhukdvnf;cspfwmyJ? usKyfaumifrav;vnf; oem;wmyJ? 'gawGaMumifh
a,musFm;rsm; r,m;ESpfa,muf ,lMuwmxifw,faemf ukdodef;[ef}}

111
]]tif; r,m;ESpfa,mufMum; Asmrsm;aowJh wapäqdkwmawmh acgpmypfwJh
txJawmifygw,fvdkY Mum;zl;wmyJ/ &nf;pm;ESpfa,mufMum;awmh b,fvdk
qdkMur,f rodbl;/}}
]]uRefawmftpu &nf;pm;ESpfa,mufNydKifxm;wJhvlrsKd;ukd tifrwef
pufqkyfcJhw,f? rdef;rysKdawGudk zsufqD;wmyJvdkYvnf; txifao;cJhrdw,f/
opömrJhw,fvdkYvnf; qJcJhzl;w,f/ 'gayr,fh ukd,fawGUjzpfvmawmh tqdk;
rqdkcsif awmhbl;AsKdU? [J [J uRefawmfudk,fwkdif zsufvdkzsufqD;eJY
cspfwmvnf; r[kwfbl;? taysmftyg;vnf; rxifbl;? oem;wmeJY cspfwmeJY
wpfrsKd;jzpfaewmyJ}}
]]'gjzihf cifAsm;[dkoGm;wm uRefawmfubmvkyf&rSmvJ}}
]]arar ar;&if awmfovdkMunfhvSdrfhxm;vdkufprf;ygvdkY cifAsm;ukdrSmcsifvdkYyJ?
tr,fBuD;uvnf; b,fu owif;Mum;vdkYvJ rodygbl;? ckwavm
odyfqlaewmAs}}
þodkYESihf ausmfoef;u pdwf½Iyfwkdif; bD,mukdarmhonf/ ol armhwdkif;vnf;
odef;[efukd apwemA&yGESihf o'¨g&ufa&mjyKonf/ odef;[ef\ OD;aESmuf
twGif;wGifrl trmMuLESihf jrihf? jrihfESifh trmMuL? olwdkYESpfa,mufESihf bD,m/
]]r&ru ,l? tvStyaMumihf rlol&,f? yyxlrS xr,f xr,f}} qdkaom
ZGJrsKd;um; cspfNidK;rajyolwdkY\ r&ukwfuwfpdwfrsKd; jzpfavonf/
cifrBuD;ESihf &,fumNyHK;um pum;vufqHkusaeonfukd jrif&uwnf;u
aqGUaqGUckefawmhrwwf cspfa'go jzpfae&aomjrihfonf rdrd\½kyf&nf
t½G,faMumifh 0efaxmufukdpdk;jrihfu wrf;wrf;pJGcspfatmif aoG;aqmifEkdif
ygvsuf odef;[efusrS a½Smifz,fz,ftvkyfcH&onfukd uoduatmuf
jzpfae&½Smonf/ olYtzdkYuawmh &wmrvdk? vdkwmr& cGusaejcif;
omjzpfonf/

112
rdcifBuD;uawmh pdwfcsvufcstdyf&modkY0ifoGm;cJhavNyD? jrihfrSmom tpfukd
ausmfoef;ESifh odef;[eftm; apmifh&if; pmzwfaerdonf/ pmzwfonf
qdkaomfvnf; pmxJwGif pdwfr0ifpm;? olpdwf0ifpm;orQrSm odef;[ef\
tay:rSmom jzpfonf/
cspf&r®ufqdkonfrSm rd½kd;zvmewfawGESihf tawmfwlonf/ olwdkYukd trGef
tjrwfjyKav zrf;pm;av? ñSif;qJav? olwdkYtm; pdwf0ifpm;av? ESdyfpuf
rif;rlav vkyfwwfonf/ bmukdrS b,fvdk[k r&nf½G,frdaomfvnf;
jrihfonf rdrdtpfukdESihf wpfckwifqDtdyfaom vlysKdcef;wGif;okdY csif;eif;
0ifa&mufcJhrdavonf/ tdyf&mudkjyKjyifay;jcif;? trIdufwHjruf½Sif;vif;jcif;
qdkaom a0,sm0pöawGudk aeYwkdif;aeYwkdif; jrihfudk,fwkdifvkyfay;aeus
jzpfonf/ þodkY udpöawGrSm tapmBuD;uwnf;u jyKNrJtwdkif;jyKNyD;jzpf&mu
,ckvdk wdwfqdwfaomtcsdefwGif ,ckwpfacguf udpö r½SdbJa&mufvm&
jcif;rSm olYukd,folrS rpOf;pm;rd? odef;[ef\ukwifay:wGif wifyg;vTJxkdif
Munfhrdonf/ oif;wysHUysHU &eHYwpfrsKd;onf b,fqDuay:vmonfrod?
*E¨m½Hkwpfcktjzpfjzifh jrihfukduvdaeawmhonf/
odef;[ef\ ukd,feYHvdkvdk aygif'geHYvdkvdk acgif;vdrf;qDeHYvdkvdk/
jrihfonf ukwifay:u acgif;tHk;ukdayGUí tm;&yg;&½Idufrdav\/ ykdufrd
av\/ rsufpduav;ukdarS;xm;aom tcg odef;[ef\ vHk;uspfoefrmaom
udk,fvHk;ukd,faygufonfvnf;aumif;? oefYjyefY½Tifysaom rsufESmxm;onf
vnf;aumif;? jyefYum;us,f0ef; rdrdudk,fuav;ukd ayGUykduf,k,EdkifpGrf;onfh
&iftkyfBuD;onfvnf;aumif;? wpfckpD wpfckpD uGif;uGif;uGufuGuf tm½Hk
xifjrifvmcJhawmhonf/ xdktm½HkwkdYrSm jrihftzdkYawmh om,mp&maumif;onfh
tdyfrufuav;yif/

113
cspfolukd,fwdkiftm; &if;&if;ESD;ESD;rayGUykduf&vQif oufqdkifol\t0wftpm;?
tdyf&mae&m? toHk;taqmif ponfwkdYukd tjrwfwEdk;jyKwwfMuonfhtwkdif;
tysKd½kdif;? pdwf½kdif;uav;jzpfaom jrihfonf olYpdwful;ESihfol arGUavsmf
aecJhonfrSm tcsdefudkrSowdrxm;vdkufrd/
aomufaeusr[kwfaom odef;[efonf ausmfoef;\bD,mwefcdk;aMumihf
cyfaxGaxGuav;jzpfvmcJhonf/ aomufwkef;uawmh cyfNyHK;NyHK;? cyfaysmfaysmf
aomufí vlodrSmawmh ½SufwwfaompdwfrSm tawmf&,fp&maumif;aom
aomufwwfump t&uform;wdkY\ t"dyÜg,fuif;rJhonfh [d&DMowåyÜ
wpfckjzpfonf/ odef;[ef\tBuHrSm {nfhcef;wGif ½SdESihfaeMurnfxifaom
jrifhwkYd om;trdtm; cyfjrefjrefa½Smifí tdyfcef;xJta&muf0if&efBuHcJhonf/
xdkYaMumifh wdkufwGif;a&mufí wpfpHkwpfa,mufrQ rawGUcJh&onfukdyif
aus;Zl;wifcJhaom odef;[efrSm tdyfcef;t0ifwGif acgif;tHk;BuD;udk wayGU
wykdufzufírdrdukwifay:ü acGacGuav; tdyfaysmfaeonfh jrihftm;awGU
vkduf&jcif;aMumihf tHhtm;oihfrdonf/
'Gwåd Hoabmif ur®Xme? vGwfNidrf;&atmif ½Smr&? umrudavwpfcGif qdkaom
bk&m;'umbdk;pdefBuD;\ opömxm;oDcsif;uJhokdY armifodef;[eftzdkY
jrihfESihfvGwfNidrf;&atmif enf;awGvrf;awG½SmcJhygonf/ a½SmifcJhygonf/
olYcrsmvnf; ½Smír&? a½Smifír&/
tm&wD 0d&wD [laom a½Smifjcif;ESpfrsKd;ESpfpm;½Sdonfhteuf rawGUcifu
a½Smifjcif;omvG,fulonf/ tawGUukd a½SmifzdkY&muawmh odef;[efwkdYvdk
ykxkZOfvlysLdvl½G,fuav;rSm rvdr®mEdkifawmhay/ rsufarSmufyufyif;wGif
rdrdtm; þa½GUþrQ cHkrifc,aeaMumif; rsufjrifukd,fawGUBuHKawGU&aomtcg
jrihftm; oem;u½kPm oufoGm;onfESihftrQ udk,fwdkifuvnf; yDwd

114
aomreójzpf&onfrSm wdwfqdwfaom ncsrf;tcsdefwGif t&ufcdk;
t&ufaiGUawGuyg rIdif;wdkufaeMuawmhonf/
rSefvSonf/ t&ufqdkaom t&ufuvnf; ukd,hf&ifaoG;om;t&if;ukdyif
[if;csufípm;avmufatmif rkdufrJapcJh\/ xdkYaMumihf rHopu©KESihf
rjrifEdkifawmhbJ t&ufpu©KESihfMunfhvkdufaomtcg yHkYyHkYuav;jzpfaom
wifyg;qHkrS pí rdkYrdkYarmufarmuf0if;0if;0g0g jynfhjynfhwif;wif;jzpfvSonfh
½kyf0g' tpdwftykdif;wdkYu zdwfac:vsuf½Sdawmhonf/
a½S;,cifuwnf;u odef;[ef\ apmihfpnf;rIwGifom wnfae&jcif;jzpfonf/
,ckawmh odef;[efuvnf; rapmihfpnf;? jrifhuvnf; olcdk;½Sd&mukd
0efxkyf0efykd;ygykdYxm;ovdk jzpfaeaomaMumihf 0rf;ukdufESihfAdkufem BudKuf&m
aq;ukdpm;MuzdkYyif½Sdonf/
odef;[efonf tdyfaysmfaeaom jrihftem;odkY ajczsm;axmufívSrf;cJhrdonf/
ajcvSrf;wdkif; ajcvSrf;wdkif; jrihfjrihfESihf eD;oxufeD;vmav\/ jrifhxHodkY
eD;oxufeD;av cspfcJhzl;aomyJcl;utrmhukd arhoxufarhav jzpfawmhonf/
jrihfudk,fvHk;uav;ESihf xdvkrwwf uyfíxkdifcsvdkufNyD;vQif jrihf\yg;ukd
erf;rdvkrwwfiHkYum jznf;nif; om,mpGmavaiGUuav; rIwfxkwfvkduf
onf/ xdkwpfcPuav;twGif;rSmawmh odef;[efudk,fwkdif udk,fykdif
&nf;pm;ukd acsmhjr§LaeovdkyJ oabmxm;awmhonf/
]][if tdk ukdudkodef;[ef tdk}}
jrihfu uref;uwef;aoG;½l;aoG;wef; ½Suf&rf;&rf;í y&rf;ywm ikwfceJ
xxdkifrnftjyK odef;[efu NyHK;NzJNzJ uav;vkyfí ycHk;uav; ESdrfxm;
vdkufonf/

115
]]tdk rxygeJYav tdyfa&;0atmif tdyfvdkufygawmh? jrihfuvJ ukdodef;[ef
acsmhodyfay;rSmaygh}} [k odef;[efu uvufwufwufyif ajymxGufvm
awmhonf/
]]tdk [ifhtif; [ihftif; jrihf tdyf&mjyif&if; tdyfaysmfrdwm}}
jrihfrSm £a`E´ysufí ½SufpdwfrGefum ajymvdkufjcif;rQomjzpfonf/ rdef;uav;
yDyD cspfaeonfrSefapOD;? vdyfjymuawmh vefYoGm;rdwmrSefonf/ 'gudk
odef;[efodonf/
ZufukdrodvQif jrif;ay: odkY pD;&efrqdkxm;bd? ukef;ESD;xufodkYwuf&efyif
cufbdawmif;? odkYaomf tcsufykdifí ZufEkdifygrlum; ajrjyifwGif
usufpm;onfh vlom;wdkY\,mOfjzpfaom jrif;wd&pämefrQru tmuma0[if
wdrfñGefYESihf ½SifMuaom ewfjrif;ysHodE¨0yif jzpfapumrl awmifpOfckepfxyfukd
&pfywfum uqkefpdkif;EdkifMuonf/ xdkYtwl rdef;uav;wdkY\ tlaMum
twGif;pdwfoabmukd aemaeatmif odxm;cJhvQifum; olvdkigpm;
qif;&Jom;yif rqdkxm;bd rdzk&m;{uef a½Teef;pHyifwpfrl MunfjzLESpfNcdKuf
udk,fhtBudKufukd axG;ykdufacsmhjr§L &atmif,lEdkifMuonfrSm a,musFm;
zdkowå0gwdkY\ "r®wm/
þodkYESihf ]]rcspfbl;? rBudKufbl;eJY rrav; rifhezl; ñSif;b,fuul;?
oHk;awmifjynfh cef;omv,f r,feJYarmif ESpfukd,fxl;? ñSif;armifuul;}}
qdkouJhokdY jrihfcrsmwGif rMumrDu tawG;ESihf rukefrD ,ckum;
tawGUESihfBuHKí ñSif;tzHkzHkul;&avawmhownf;/
]]jrihf}}
odef;[efu ryGihfwyGihf t,k,tMuifemqHk;aomavoHESihf ac:Munfhvkduf\/
]]ukdukd}}

116
jrihf\vQmzsm;rS ac:aeus ukdudkodef;[efrSm aemufqHk;pum;uav; ESpfvHk;
vnfacsmif;xJodkY 0rf;EIwfawaq; avQmusoGm;ovdk oGm;½Smawmhonf/
tcsdef/
tcsdef[kqkd&aom umvtykdif;tjcm;um; olYukd owdESihfMunfh½I ta&;jyK
olawGukdom trSeftuef twdtusazmfjywwfvsuf arhavsmhayghwef
aeolrSeforQtwGufum; ykef;vQKd;uG,fvQKd;ESihf wdwfwdwfcdk; ul;oef;
ajymif;a½TUoGm;wwfonf/
xdefxdefvif;r[kwfaomfvnf; rSdefrSdefESihf oJoJuJGuJGjrifEkdifaom tdyfcef;
rD;a&mifjymvJhvJhuav;aMumihf odef;[efESihfjrifhwdkY cspfaeyHkrSm cdk;aMumifcdk;0Suf
jyefvmaom ausmfoef;\rsufpdatmufwGif txifu&jzpfaeav\/
&nf;pm;tdrfrSjyefvmcJhaom ausmfoef;wGif tdrfa½SUwHcg;yGihfaerIaMumihf
rdcifBuD;odí qlyl&ef apmihfpm;aeovm;[k rouFmonfhpdwfESihf cRwfESufí
wufvmcJhjcif;jzpf&m rdrdtdyfcef;0a&mufonfESihf wpfNydKifeuf Muufaoao
oGm;avmufatmif wkefvIyfrdonfrSm ESrvifaeí armifzifusdef;um ½Sdef;ceJ
axmif;ceJ a'goxGufrdjcif;jzpfonf/
]]'Daumif opömr½Sdygvm;? ighrsufESmukdrSraxmuf? vl0wå&m; azmufzsuf
yav? ig0ifxdk;vkduf&ifvnf; tm;vHk;t½SufuJGukefawmhrSmyJ}} [k vufoD;ukd
qkyfum jzefYum tMumBuD;pOf;pm;aerdavonf/
odkYaomf odef;[eftay:wGif rdrducspfcifcJhaomarwåmw&m;wdkYESihf odef;[ef
ucspfcJhaom pdwf"gwfwdkYrSm awmf½Hkwef½Hkr[kwf/ xdkonfhMum;u ukd,hfESr
\trlt&mwdkYuvnf; odef;[eftay: e*dkuwnf;u cyf,dkif,dkifjzpfum
rsm;pGmvdkvm;cspfcifaeaMumif; &dyfrdweforQ&dyfrdcJhonf/ ,ckawGU&onfh
Xmeuvnf; odef;[efukd,fwdkifu ESri,f\ tcef;wGif;odkY usL;ausmf

117
apmfum;jcif;rsKd;r[kwf? ESri,fuomvQif odef;[ef\tdyf&may:odkY
wufupD;a&mufaejcif;ukd axmufí aemufodkYqkwfvkduf&½Smawmhonf/
]]ukdukd}}
]]jrihf}}
]]ukdukd awmfawmfMum ausmif;jyefoGm;&if jrihf vGrf;wmeJY ao&awmhr,f?
ararhukd ukdukdajy;NyD;jrefjref vufxyfMu&atmifBuHygvm; ukdukd&,f? 'grSjzihf
ukdukdY&ifcGifxJ 'DvdktNrJae&rSm? udkukdYrdbawGukdvJ jrefjrefylqmygaemf ukdukd?
ukdudkYararu oabmwlrSmygaemf? bmrwlp&m½SdvJaemf}}
odef;[ef ,ckrS qwfceJ acgif;armfvdkufrdonf/
,ckrS a½SUa&;aemufa&;awG;Munfhrdawmhonf/ awG;rdonfESihfwpfNydKifeuf
&ifqdkif&rnfhtcuftcJawGrSm wpfckNyD;wpfck a½SUu umqD;umqD; vkyfjyae
Muawmhonf/ tidkvG,fí t½Idufcuf/
]]bmjzpfvdkY oufrBuD;cs&wmvJ udkudk? jrihfukdrcspfbJeJY jrihf uJvGef;vdkYom
tvdkvdkuf&wmvm;? jrihfawmh udkukdeJYraygif;&&if toufwdkrSmyJ? udkukdYukd
jrihf bmjzpfvdkYvJ rodbl;? tlxJtonf;xJuukd vIdufvIdufvSJvSJcspfaeNyD?
jrihfrcJGEdkifawmhbl;? rcJGEkdifawmhbl;}}
jrihfu idkoHuav;rsm;ygvmum vIdufvIdufvSJvSJajym½Smonf/ jrihfum;
rl&mrm,mroHk;? t½SuftaMumuf paom rdef;rwdkY\ £a`E´wdkYrSm
tcspfwnf;[laom a&wHcGef\'PfaMumifh wvdrfhacgufauG; usukefMu
avNyD/
wu,fhwu,fum; tysKd½kdif;uav;wkdY\xHk;pHtwdkif; ]cspf wmwpfckwnf;}
od½Smonf/ cspfzdkYom yl½Smonf/ cspfzdkYom EGJU½Smonf/ xrif;&nfukd
twlvsuf&apawmh qdkaompum;rsm;ESihf wlESpfukd,f wJtdkysufrSmae& ae&
qdkaom rdkuf½l;&Jpdwfuav;rsm;<uwkef; wufwkef; t½G,fomjzpfonf/

118
tcspfqdkonfukd qifuef;awmwdk; ½Sdcdk;,HkMunfzdkYomwwfonf/ jzLpifaom
pdwfay:wGif tjymcscs t0gcscs pJGvSaom ydwfjzLum;ESihfomwlonf/
xdkt½G,f uav;udk odef;[efpdwfaemufukd,fygjyKrlcJhavNyD/

___________

wpfcsuf wpfcsuf em&DpufaMumihf? wpf&ufrnf&? wpfvvGefajymif;?

tcsdefawGajimif;cJhav\/
]]a0gh a[h xGD}}
trmMuLwGif aerxd xdkifrom ae&mwumrSm pdwfrcsrf;omp&mcsnf;om
awGUae&onf/ qHpyfuav;rsm; wpfaeYwpfjcm;ajcmufí em;xifem;&if;
uav;rsm;usum rsufuGif;uav;ESpfzufyif ñdka&miforf; aeMuonf/
olYukd,frSm EGrf;wacGacG yef;rajyEdkifbJ avwufíysKdUaeonf/ a>ryl&m
uif;arSmifh? bl;av;&mz½Hkqihf? BuHKcGihf&vQif 'ku©ay;wwfaom obm0u
csrf;omray;? odef;[efESihf ESpfukd,fwnf;omodonf[k xif&onfhudpöu
avmuBuD;ukd oufaocHjy&ef taqmuftODjyKaeawmhonf/
]]'grsKd;qdkwm zHk;&wmrsKd;r[kwfbl;orD;&JU? awmfawmfMumrS tm;vHk;t½SufuJG
ukefr,f/ ajymprf; b,fESpfv ½SdyvJ}}
orD;rlysufyHkukd t&dyftuJtNrJMunfhvmaom a':zGm;ESpfu wrIdifrIdif
wawGawG tdyf&mxJwGif acGaeaom ord;tm; azsmif;zsppfaq;ae&avNyD/
trmMuLum; rsuf&nfvnf½GJjzihf jiif;cJhonfrSm tcgaygif;rsm;vSNyD/ odkYaomf

119
ysKd&mu tdk½Hkomr[kwf? arG;xkwfcJhzl;aom rdcifBuD;jzpfaomaMumihf
tajzr&rcsif; jyóemrajyEkdif? pdwfrausEkdif/
]]ajymav trm}}
]]bmajym&rSmvJarar? trmidkcsifvmNyD}}
trmMuLu ajym&if; idkoHawG ygvmav\/ om;trdESpfa,muf aqG;aEG;
aeMuonfrSm trmMuL\ tdyfcef; uav;twGif;0,fjzpfonf/ trmMuL
onf acgif;tHk;ay:odkY cg;wpfykdif;arSmufvsuf½Idufae&mu aemufqHk;wGif
rdcif\ &ifcGif0,f acgif;tyfí rsufESm0Sufum ½IdufBuD;wiifidkvdkufav&m
rdcifBuD;rSm &ifxkremjzpf&avownf;/
]]om;trdcsif;yJorD;&,f? tarhrS rwdkifyif&if ighorD; b,folYoGm;
wkdifyifrvJ? tarwdkYu oabmwlvdkY nnf;wkdYcsif;csif; vGwfvyfcGihfay;
xm;awmh rSm;csifvnf; rSm;rdMurayhguG,f}}
a':zGm;ESpfu a&vmajrmif;ay; ppfaq;ovdkvdkeJY ]aumfí} xkwfvkduf
avonf/ olYrsufpdatmufrSm olYorD;onf odef;[efwpfa,mufESihfom
yGef;wD;wmjrif&onf/ jrifí xifonf? xifonfhtwkdif; trIukdqifí
w&m;cGifwifMunfhvkdufjcif;omjzpfonf/
trmMuLuacgif;cgírjiif;? &ifcGifwGif;rSmom ½IdufaeaomaMumihf a':zGm;ESpf
onf w&m;cHtppfukd wxpfcs odvkduf&ygNyD/
]]vli,fawGudk; orD;&JU? 'gawGudk ararwdkYu tjypfqdkwmrS r[kwfbJ?
tckar;aewmu jrefjrefae&mcswef csMu&atmif pDrH&wmaygh? Mumawmh
raumif;bl;av}}
trmMuLum; idk&if;½Iduf&if; enf;vrf;usvSpGmaom rdcif\ u½kPmukd
MunfñkdcdkvIHvkdufrdonf/ ,ckcHpm; ae&onfh pdwf'ku©? vl'ku©awGrS
jrefjrefBuD; uif;vGwf&efum; rdcifBuD;wpfOD;wnf;om wwfEkdifaom

120
apwem½Sif jzpfonf/ olom u,fwifEkdifayrnf/ xdkYaMumihf rdcif\
rsufESm0ef;udk tm;wufoa&m aus;Zl;wwif rsuf&nfawGESihf Munfhvkduf
½Smonf/ xdkurSwpfqihf rdcifBuD;odvdkorQ zGihf[íoGefvdkuf½Smawmhonf/
]]'gaMumihf tartxifom;yJ? uJuJ ½SufraeygeJYorD;&,f? nnf;azaz
rodatmif zHk;xm;yghr,f/ armifodef;[ef tareJY wkdifyifNyD; jrefjref
vufxyfjzpfatmif pDrHMu½Hkaygh/ 'DtawmtwGif; ykdNyD;pdwfcs&atmif
aphpyfNyD;NyD qdkwJhtaMumif; owif;pmxJrSm xnfhaMumfjimvkdufr,fav? uJ
uJ ighorD; bmrSpdwfnpfraeygeJYat? cgwdkif;vdk aysmfaysmf½Tif½Tif aerSm
omaeyg}}
a':zGm;ESpfum; orD;\twGif;a&;aMumihf owif;pmxJwGif aMumfjimrawGU&
rcsif; a':cifñGefYtdrfESihf vl;vm jyefacguf a'gif;awmufrwwf
BudK;pm;vkduf&onf/ olYtdrfutbdk;BuD;ukdvnf; vSdrfhvkduf&ao;onf/
i,faygif; BuD;azmfoli,fcsif;jzpfaom a':cifñGeYfukd,fwkdif acR;ravmif;
\taMumif;ukd odaomtcg udk,fcsif;pmí oem;rdonf/
]]uJ 'gjzihf 'DaumihfqDukd ½SifeJYuRefrvdkufoGm;Muwmaygh? tcke
rzGm;ESpfajymovdk aMumfjimESihfcsifvnf; aMumfjimvkdufwmaygh? [dktaumif
awmh txl;taxGajymrae&ygbl;/ 0rf;omvHk;qdkYNyD; uqkefpdkif;vmrSmyg/
tif; umvvli,frsm; w,fcufoudk;/ enf;enf;uav;rS tvpfray;bl;/
oawmwlNyD;om;awGrdkY awmfawmhwmaygh}} [k tjypfwifvdkufaomaMumihf
a':zGm;ESpfu pdwfraumif;rjzpfapvdkonfh oabmESihf
]]'gawmh vli,fawGudk; rcifñGefY&JU? ukd,hfpdwfukd b,fEkdifMurvJ? aemufNyD;
vlBuD;awGu oabmwlxm;w,f qdkwm 'if;wkdY odaeMuovm;rS rodwm}}
]]tif; ½SihforD;ukduvnf; cspfp&mBuD;uvm; rzGm;ESpfuJh [J [J}}
]]½Sifhom;uvnf; cyfuJuJaerSmyg? zatwlBuD;rsm;vm; [m; [m; [m;}}

121
crnf;crufESpfOD; usD;p,faeMuoHrSmtrmMuLtzdkY aomwr*Fvm½SdvSonf/
rMumrD ig;½dk;,Sufvufwdk 'ku©awGykdcJh&onfrSm tckawmh pdwfat;p&m?
pdwfcsp&mjzpfvm&jyefonf/ vlYb0 vlYwpfoufqdkonfum; csm;&[wf
rsm;vdk edrfhcsnfjrihfcsnf? ylcsnfat;csnf? aysmfcsnfcJcsnf? t½l;avmuESihf
wax0 xdkYtwlygwum;/
]]ol rMumcif 0rf;omtm;&eJYvkdufvmrSmyJ/ 'DawmhrS ihg'ku©awGudk xk&if;
½kduf&if; ajymjy&r,f/ olwdkY a,musFm;rsm;rSmawmh xoGm;&if ajc&mvuf&m
aysmufoGm;wm/ igwdkY rdef;uav;awGrSmom olwkdY&JU'Pfukd acgif;ay:
½Gufusef&pfcJh&wm? 'DavmufrodwwfwJhvl vmygapOD;? wpfcgwnf;
rSwfoGm;atmif vkyfvkdufprf;r,f}}
trmMuLonf odef;[efESihf aphpyfaMumif;vrf;NyD;jzpfaMumif;qdkaom owif;
pmygaMumfjimukd zwf&if;u tcJrausBudrf;0g;aerdjcif;jzpfonf/ Budrf;0g;
onfqdkayr,fh u½kPma'gaom oabmrSm yDwdawGvQHaeonfh tcsdeftcg
jzpfawmhonf/
trSeftm;jzihf owif;pmukdukdifí idkifaerdolrSm tif;0aqmifu armifodef;[ef
omjzpfonf/ bmoHrMum; nmoHrMum; jrefr,fhjrefawmh jrefvGef;vSonf/
trSefpifppf 0rf;omp&mjzpfaomfvnf; udk,fwGif;a&;ESihf ppfvkdufawmh
pdwfnpfp&m\ed'gef;? pdwfrcsrf;omp&m\ yPmr ,ckrStp½Sdao;onf/
'dGpdwåESihf £vdówdkY\ZmwfwGif vif\½kyf&nf xyfwlxyfrQjzpfaeíom
rdef;rjzpfaom 'GdpdwåwGif a0cJGír&Edkifatmif½SdcJhaomfvnf; ,ckum; odef;[ef
tzdkY ½kyf&nfcsif; wpfjcm;pDuJGjym;jcm;em;aeonfh &nf;pm;ESpfa,mufpvHk;
tay: a0cJGr&Ekdifatmifjzpf\/
]]'Dvdkvkyf&if 'DvdkjzpfawmhrSmyJ}} [laom tawG;ukd tpuarhavsmhcJhjcif;r½Sd/
odkYaomf ]]uRefawmf wufcdk;wkef;u vlEdk;r,frxifvkdYygbk&m;}} [k

122
w&m;cGifrSm xkacsaomw&m;cHuJhokdY vlEdk;rSmukd xnfhrpOf;pm;Edkif
avmufatmif tcspfcdk;rTefrdkufcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
trmMuL\½kyfuav;um; oem;p&m? jrihf\vSyyHkum; cspfp&m? xdkYtwl
trmMuL\pdwfaeoabmxm;u rdrdukd vdkufavsm½Smonf/ jrihf\oabm
um; rdrd\pdwfukd olYbufygatmif qJG,lEkdifonf/ xdkqJG,l&modkY vkduf&
onfrSmyif auseyfp&mjzpfonf/ trmMuLu ]armif} [k ac:vkdufoH
uav;rSm om,memaysmfzG,f½Sdoavmuf jrihfu ]ukdukd} [k ac: oHuav;
uvnf; uEGJUu&cspfírNiD;atmifjzpfawmhonf/
xdkYaMumihf befaumufvHkcsnftom;aumif;ESpfxnfukd ta½G;&cufovdk
&nf;pm;ESpfa,mufudkvnf; ta½G;& cufaeavonf/ yef;Eka&mifuav;
ukdvnf; rpGefY&uf? zufzl;a&mifuav;ukdvnf; rypf&uf? tcspfcufaMumihf
tppfcufae&NyDaum/
rlvu omrefumvQHum awG;cJhaomtawG;onf aoa&; ½Sifa&;vdk
ta&;BuD;vmav\/ oli,fcsif; ausmfoef;\ ukd,fawGUukd wkdifyifpOfu
olYae&mukd,f0ifírqifjcifcJhrd/ wpfa,mufukd,lvQif usefwpfa,mufESihf
um; urÇmajrwpfjyifwnf;ae&vsuf jyefvnfawGUqHk&if;ESD;&ef rarQmfvifh
Ekdifawmhacs/ &nf;pm;oufESHb0u olpdrf;&efol ozG,fjzpfacsawmhrnf/
odef;[ef\pdwf&if;rSm b,folYukdrS tMuifemruif;rJhEdkifacs/ wu,fqdkawmh
&ufpufEdkifol wpfa,mufrSmom 'Gd,Hudpöukd vG,fvG,fuav; ½Sif;ypfEkdifMu
ayvdrfhrnf/
om;armifodef;[ef
rif;wdkYudpöukd wdkifyif&ef trmhtarESihftwl ,ckvmrnfh paeaeYukd
vkdufvmcJhrnf/ qif;íBudKyg/
rdcif rcifñGefY

123
txufygpmuav;ukd vuf0,f&½Sdonfh wpfeHeufwGifyif jrihfvufa&;ESihf
pmuav;wpfapmif oli,fwpfa,muf ausmif;odkY qdkufqkdufNrdKufNrdKuf
a&mufatmif tykdYvmjyefonf/

udkudk

ta&;BuD;wJhpum;awG ajymp&m½SdvdkY 'DaeYnae av;em&Dukd qufqufBuD;

vmcJhprf;yg/ 'DreufyJ jrihfwkdY &efukefa&mufw,f/ bkef;BuD;vrf;? tdrfeHygwf
188 rSmwnf;w,f/ vmjzpfatmif qufqufBuD;vmcJhygaemf/
arareJY tdrfom;awG 'DtcsdefrSm bk&m;oGm;MurSmrdkY jrihfwpfa,mufwnf;
ae&pfcJhrSm? rvm&if jrihfudk,fjrihf owfaovdkufrSmyJ/

jrihf

a&tdk;ESpfvHk;½Gufrdaom odef;[efrSm tuGufrvnfEdkifatmifjzpfae&onf/

umvMumjrihfpGmu cifrifvmcJhaom oli,fcsif;ausmfoef;om wyftyfukefpif
odcJhygvQif b,fuJhodkYqHk;jzwfrnfrod[k xifvdkufrdao;onf/ ,cktcsdef
um; ausmfoef;ausmif;rSmyifr½Sdawmh? tenf;tusOf;&dyfrdwefoavmuf
&dyfrdavovm;rod/ armfvNrdKifodkYjyefoGm;cJhonf/ armfvNrdKifu ausmif;okdY
jyefvmpuyif ,cifuvdk rdrdtay:0,f yGihfyGihfvif;vif; &if;&if;ESD;ESD;
raygif;awmhbJ cyfa½Smifa½Smif cyfwnfwnfaevmcJhonfwdkYrSm pOf;pm;p&m
jzpfawmhonf/

124
jrihftzdkYukdawmh txl;awG;awmaep&mr½Sd? owif;pmygaMumfjimukdawGUrdí
uoduatmihfjzpfaeawmhrnf[k wyftyfodEdkifavmufonf/ xdkYaMumihfyif
wul;wuvdkufvmyHk&onf/ odef;[efonf pOf;pm;avacgif;½Iyfav?
rqHk;jzwfEkdifav em;a0wdrfawmifESihfom tcsdefawGukefcJh&onf/
]][,f aemifcgvm aemifcgaps;aMumif; ayguf&meJYoma&mif;&awmhr,f}}
[laom twdtusr[kwfonfh tmvkyfpum;ukdom½Gwfqdk nnf;ñlvkduf&
awmhonf/ ,ckvufiif;ta&;um; rdcifBuD;wdkYvkdufrvmcif ,ckavmavm
q,fta&;BuHKvmaom jrihf\rD;ukd oGm;íNidrf;&efom wwfEdkifao;onf/
olYukdacsmharmhNyD;onfhaemufrS rD;pifukdMunfhu &ef qHk;jzwfvkdufonf/
odkYESihf wpfvrf;vHk; wxdwfxdwfw½GUH½GHU oEéd|mefrcsEkdifaom &nf½G,fcsuf
uif;rJhpGmESihf rSmxm;aomtdrfa½SUukd 0ifí jrihf\ylyHkyef; rsufESmi,fuav;ukd
jrifvkduf&onfqdkvQifyif &ifwzdkzdk jzpfoGm;rdawmhownf;/

]]ukdukd}}
jrihfu rcsdrqefYxGufvm&aom idk½IdufoHESihf pwifEIwfqufvkdufav\/
]]awmfygay&JU ukdukd&,f? jrifhukdESdyfpufMuwmayghaemf? jrihfaocsifNyD?
aocsifNyD? avmuBuD;xJ aeawmif raecsifawmhbl;? owif;pmxJu
udkudkwdkYaMumfjimukd awGUvdkufuwnf;u jrihfjzihf vlYb0eJYrwefawmhbl;vdkY
pdwfqHk;jzwf vdkufNyD/ jrihfb,fhES,fvkyf&rvJ? uJ ajymprf;ygOD;? jrihf
b,fhES,fvkyf&rvJ}}
csHK;yJGcsíidkvdkufaom jrihf\ rsuf&nfonf odef;[ef\ tonf;ESvHk;rS
,dkxGufvmaom aoG;rsm;uJhodkY xif&av\/

125
]]jrihfMur®miifwmyJ? 'gukdukdYtjypfr[kwfygbl;/ jrihfujrif;rdwmyJ/ ukdukdu
jrihfukd BudKufwmrSr[kwfbJ? udkukdYukd jrihfu raeEdkifatmif BudKufrd
wmaMumihf awGU&wJh'ku©yJ? 'g jrihf N*dK[farTvmwmygyJ}}
]]tdk ridkprf;ygeJYOD; jrihf&m? ukdudkb,favmufcspfw,fqdkwm todom;eJY?
'DtawmtwGif;rSm ukdudkBuHEkdifyg ao;w,f}}
jrihf\pmwGifygonfhtwdkif; tdrfBuD;wpftdrfvHk;wGif jrihfwpfa,mufwnf;om
vGwfvGwfvyfvyf ajymqdk aeMu&ojzihf odef;[efu jrihfukd&ifcGifykdufí
pdwf½Snfvuf½SnfacsmharmhEdkifavonf/ jrihfuawmh ½IdufBuD;wiif jzpfae&mu
odef;[ef\vufarmif;ukd tm;&yg;&qkyfxm;NyD;
]]ukdukdYukd wpfckar;r,f? rSefrSefajymaemf}}
]]ajymyghr,f jrifh&m}}
]]'gjzihf jrifhtay:rSm tckb,fvdkoabmxm;ovJ? vufxyfrvm;?
a½Smifrvm;? tJ'gjrihftodcsifqHk;yJ}}
trmMuLukd r&ukwfuwf twif;cspfcJhyHkrSm rsufpdxJwGif uGif;uGif;uGufuGuf
ay:vmavmawmhonf/ rdbcsif;pum;qdkxm;onfukdvnf; owd&½HkrQru
,ckum; txift½Sm;owif;pmawGxJwGif ay:aygufaeojzihf trmMuLESihf
vGJ&vQif olYcrsmrsm;ü t½SufwuJGtusKd;enf;jzpfMuawmhrnfukd wpfzuf
rpOf;pm;bJraeEdkif/
jrihfu odef;[ef\&ifcGifwGif;rSxíxdkifum rdrd\aoa&;½Sifa&;ukd
txdwfxdwftvefYvefYESihf em;pGihfae½Smawmhonf/
]]uJ uJ jrihf zHk;raecsifawmhbl;? ck jrihf &efukefudkvdkufvmwm ukdukdeJYawGUNyD;
'gar;csifvdkYvdkufvmwmyJ? 'DudpöawGudk ararvnf;odNyD? 'gaMumihf araru
jrihfukdtar;cdkif;wm}}
]][if}}

126
odef;[efrSm yg;pyfta[mif;om;ESihf o&JtajcmufcH&ovdk rsufvHk;
rsufqefjyL;oGm;avonf/ rdrd\ qwfaqmhrIum; xifwmxufykdí
udk,fusKd;enf;MuzdkYom½Sdonf/
]]jrihfwdkYarar odoGm;NyD? [kwfvm;}}
]]tif;? odvdkY jrihfudkawmifqlvdkufwmav? aemufNyD; ukdudkuvnf;
pmwpfapmifay;vdkufao;w,f/ olawmh ½SufvScsnfqdkNyD; tdrfuawmif
xGufoGm;NyD}}
]]tdk bmpmrsm;ygvdrfh}}
jrifhuay;aompmukd wkefvIyfpGm r&Jw&JzGihfMunfhvkdufrdonf/

ukdodef;[ef

olYESrukd ukd,f,lí ukd,fhESrukd ol,lMuaomavmuwGif ½SufzdkYrvdk[k

xifojzihf þpmukda&;vkduf&jcif; jzpfonf/
cifAsm;ESihfjrihf cspfaeMuaMumif;ukd uRefawmfrsufjrifjzpfcJhonf/ odkYaomf
uefYuGufp&mtaMumif;rjrifojzihf aecJh&m ,ckowif;pmxJwGif cifAsm;\
owif;udkawGU&ygNyD/ rdrdoabmwlolwpfa,muf½SdygvsufESihf aemuf
wpfa,muftm; cspfuRrf;0ifatmifjyKjcif;rSm uRefawmfukd,fwkdif ukd,fcsif;pm
Ekdifojzihf tjypf[krqdkvdkaomfvnf; aemufqHk;pOf;pm;qHk;jzwfrnfqdkvQif
uRefawmf\ arwåm apwemukdyg xnfhoGif;qifjcif&ef owday;vkduf
&ygonf/
þpmukda&;om;vkdufjcif;rSm rdwfaqGpifppfu &efolrjzpfvdkíomjzpfygonf/

ausmfoef;

127
pmqHk;onfESihf wpfNydKifeuf rvIyfr,Suf MuufaoaoaeaomaMumihf jrihfu
oufrwpfvHk;ypfcsvdkufrS odef;[efyg yihfouf½Ivdkuf&rSef; owd&awmhonf/
]]jrihf ukdudkvnf; odNyDaygh}}
odwmaygh ukdudk? olodvkdY ararhukdajymwmaygh? ol[m ukdudkYukd
b,ftxdcspfovJqdk&if [dkaeYnu jrihfwdkY½SufoGm;rSmpdk;vdkY tdrfay:u
wdwfwdwfuav; qif;oGm;½SmowJh? aemufwpfaeYusawmh ararhukdvufxyf
ay;zdkY ajymwmyJ/ araru jrihfukd ½kdufrvdkYvkyfwmawmif ol0ifajym
ao;w,f/ 'geJYararu ukdudkodef;[efukdac:NyD; wdkifyifrvdkYvkyfwkef;
'Dowif;pmawGawGUwmeJY uref;uwef; jrihfwdkYvkdufwmwmyJ? 'DawmhjrihfwkdY
t½SufruJGapcsif&if udkukdarmfvNrdKifukd wpfcgwnf;vkdufcJhygawmh? 'grS
r[kwf&if jrihfawmh}}

jrihfu pum;tqHk;rowfbJ rdkufwdrdkufuef; EIwfcrf;uav;udk

udkufxm;vdkufonf/ wnfNidrf;pl;½Saom rsufpdtpHkonf odef;[efuvJGí
wpfavmuvHk; b,folUudkrSrjrifovdk cyfaMumifaMumifjzpfaeavonf/
odef;[ef\Zmwfvrf;um; tjyufjyufESifhESmacgif;aoG;xGuf&awmhrnf?
cspfolESpfOD;teufwpfOD;OD;um; rdrd\ra,m*jzifh avmuwGifepfemcH&½Sm
awmhrnf/ þudpöum; om;a½Ttdk;xrf;vmonf[k 'kulvESifhyg&duwdkU
qkawmif;rsKd;rjzpfEkdif? a>rraowkwfrusKd;[k qdk½dk;½Sdayr,fh ,ckawmha>rvQif
vnf; ao&rnf? wkwfaomfvnf; usKd;&rnf/
odkUaomf wpfckawmh½Sdonf? jynfwGif;a&;uBuD;aomfvnf; tdrfwGif;arT;aom
rD;uxavmifvQif tdrfacgifudk rpJGcift&ifowf&awmhouJhodkU avmavm

128
q,feD;uyfaeaom jrifh\y&da'0udk vSrf;írjrifEkdifaom trmMuL\'ku©
xuf u½kPmydkaerdonf/
xkdtcdkuf jrifh\rdcifBuD;ESifhtdrf½Sifrsm; bk&m;ujyefía&mufvmav&m
odef;[efwGif axmifacsmufrdaom ajracG;yrm ajy;p&mrwwfomawmhay/
twGif;usdwfwdkifyifodESifhNyD;jzpf[efwlaom tdrf½Sifrsm;uvnf; tvkduf
odpGm a½Smif½Sm;ay;Muojzifh a':jrjrvIdifudk,fwdkif odef;[eftm;rcsdNyHK;NyHK;í
pum;vHk;pvkdufawmhonf/
]]b,fhES,f armifodef;[ef? rif;owif;uw,farT;yguvm;}}
odef;[efu jyefíajzazmfr&? ñSdK;i,fpGm rsufESmukdatmufcsxm;½Hkom
owåd½Sdawmhonf/
]]rif;ukd a':a':wdkY b,favmufcspfcifcJhw,fqdkwmvJ rif;todom;yJuG,f?
wl&if;om;&if; tdrfwGif;om;vdk oabmxm;cJhw,fr[kwfvm;? jrihf&JUtpfukd
armifausmfoef;eJY ywfoufNyD;a&mufvmayr,fh aqG&if;rsKd;csmvdk cifcJhwmyJ/
'Dawmh jrihfqdkwm rif;ESrt&if;uav;vdk atmufarhzdkYaumif;w,f?
ckvdkjzpfMuzdkYvHk;vHk;rxdkufbl;/ jrihfu rvdr®mawmifrS ukd,fu tpfukdBuD;vdk
qHk;rzdkYyJ ½Sdw,f/}}
þpum;rsKd;ukd em;wGif;odkY ypfoGif;cH&aomtcg ½SufpdwfawG0ifvmonf
ESihftrQ ,lusHK;r&jzpf&olrSm odef;[efomjzpfawmhonf/ jrihfrSmrl
rsuf&nfokwf&if; cyfrqdwfjzpfaeavonf/
]]a':a':uvnf; rif;udk ,HkMunfpdwfcsvdkYom t&m&mrSm rylryifaecJhrdw,f/
'DavmufrdkufMuvdrfhr,fvdkYrS rxifcJhbJukd;uJGU/ armifausmfoef;ajymrSyJ
igodawmhw,f/ olYcrsm tpfudkt&if;r[kwfvm;? b,favmuf½Suf½Smr,f
qdkwm rif;pOf;pm;Munfhprf;/ rif;ukdvnf; oli,fcsif;qdkayr,fh nDtpfukd
t&if;vdkcspfaevdkYaygh? EdkYrdkY&if [dknuwnf;u wkwfwpfjyuf? "g;wpfjyuf

129
jzpfukefrSmyJ? rif;pOf;pm;Munfhprf;? armifodef;[ef a':a':ajymwm
[kwfuJhvm;}}
odef;[efu ½Suf½SufESihf r&Jw&J rsufESmazmfum
]][kwfygw,f a':a': uRefawmhftjypfygyJ? uRefawmfhtjypfygyJ? uRefawmf
rdkuf}} [k pum;rqHk;rD toHawG wkefvmum jrihf½Sd&mMunfhvkdufNyD;rS
rsufESmukdiHkY&if; tHBudwfvkdufrdonf/ olYukd,folpD&ifcsuf csvdkufrd
wmuawmh [kwfygonf/ ightjypf/
]]at; rif;vnf; rdkufwmyJ? aumifrav;uawmh ajymp&mr½Sdbl;? ESpfa,muf
pvHk; rdkufMuawmh vlBuD;awG rsufESmtkd;rnf;okwfovdk jzpfwmaygh?
'gaMumifh armifausmfoef;uyJ ajym½Smwm/ tar&,f rxl;wJhtwl
wpf½Sufuae ESpf½Suf rjzpf&atmif jrefjrefae&mcsay;vdkufygawmhwJh / tif;
a':a':wkdYu rdef;uav;½Sifjzpfaewmudk;/ wdkYuom yl&wm? 'Dawmh
tckar;csifwmu rif;t½Iyfukd rif;b,fvdk½Sif;csifovJ/ rif;Zmwfukd
rif;b,fvdkcif;r,fpdwful;ovJ? 'gyJ a':a': odcsifw,f}}
txufwef;pm; pum;vnfywfaom rif;uawmfyDyD aumufyif&dwfvSD;
csnfNyD;wkwfNyD; ukdifaygufav&m rvIyfomrvSnfhomjzpfoGm;onfhtcdkuf
]]'gawmh rjrvIdif&,f? olvnf; vlBuD;vlaumif;om;orD;yJ? ½SihforD;ukd
rcspfbJeJYBuHyghrvm;/ vlBuD;csif; oabmwlxm;wm½Sdayr,fh ukd,fBudKufwm
ukd,f,lMuwJhacwfBuD;yJ[m/ olYcrsmukdar;aezdkYawmif rvdkygbl;/}} [k
tdrf½Sifta':BuD;uMum;u {nfhaxmuf0ifcHvkdufonfuyif ykdíav;oGm;
awmhonf/
]]ukdudkeJY tJ'D trmMuLqdkwmuaum cspfaeMuwmyJvm;}}
þar;cGef;uawmh jrihfutckrSowd&ovdk aumufumiifum ar;vdkufjcif;
jzpf&m ½kwfw&uftzdkY odef;[efrSm acgif;cgíom jyvdkufEkdifonf/

130
]]'gjzihf rif; rdbMoZmukdemcHrvm;? jrihf&JUt½SufukdyJ umuG,frvm;? tdkav
aemufqHk;pum;ar;yg&apOD;? jrihfukd rif; wu,fcspf&JUvm;}}
]]cspfygw,f a':a':}}
]]'gjzihf ,lr,faygh}}
]][kwfuJh}}
]]at; 'Dvdkjzihf awmfao;w,fqdk&ayrayghuG,f/ rif;rdbawGudk jyefwkdifyif
vdkYawmh jzpfrSmr[kwfygbl;/ wdkYrSmawmh aygufwJhezl; rxl;qdkovdk BuD;BuD;
us,fus,fr*Fvmraqmif&awmif rif;rdbawGzsufvdkY t½SufwuJGawmh
tjzpfrcHy&apeJY/ ukd,fhwm0efukd,fodvdkY xrf;r,fqdk&if armfvNrdKifom
wpfcgwnf;vdkufcJh/ 'DvdkrSrvkduf&if ighom; armifausmfoef;awmh ½SufwmeJY
olYESrolowfvdrfhr,f}}
odef;[efonf jrifhukdu½kPmoufwmxuf oli,fcsif;ukd ½SufaMumuftm;em
jzpfaerdonf/ oli,fcsif;ESrudk BudKufrdí wdwfwdwfcdk;cspfrdonf/ cspfae
onfudkvnf; rdoGm;onf/ 'gyJ vGefvGef;vSNyD? xdkxuf rdrduwdrf;z,f
acgif;a½SmifvdkufvQifum; rnfa½GUrnfrQ tusnf;weft½kyfqdk;oGm;rnfudk
pdwfusOf;usyfpGm pOf;pm;rdonf/
ausmfoef;bufuaeMunfh&vQif odef;[efukd t&if;ESD;qHk;? txiftBuD;qHk;
vl&if;tjzpfaygif;oif;cJhonf/ jrihfESihfodef;[efwdkYtjzpfukd rsufESmylpGm
awGUvkduf&NyD;onfh aemufwpfaeYwGifyif rdcifBuD;tm; ESpfukdf,fMum;
wdkifajymajymum olwkdYta&;udk aqG;aEG;rdonf/ em;oGif;cJhonf/
]]rif;oli,fcsif; w,fawmfw,f}} [k rdcifBuD;u &ifbwfpnfwD;
tjypfwifojzihf
]]uRefawmfholi,fcsif;ukd bmrStjypfajymp&mr½Sdbl; arar? ararhorD;ukdu
uJwm? olu tdyf&mxJa&muf atmifoGm;wm}}

131
]]awmfprf;uG,f? em;½Sufp&m}}
]]ckrSawmh ½SufaevdkYrjzpfbl;? wD;acgufNyD; ay;pm;zdkYompDrHawmh?
ukdodef;[efwdkYrdbuvnf; rnHhygbl;}}
okdYaomf tr,fBuD;um; ukdpdk;jrihfudk *kPfj'yftm;jzihf rsufrSef;wrf;xm;
aomaMumihf
]]rif;ES,f ajymvdkufwmvG,fvG,fulul? [if;½GufuefpGef;usaewmyJ}}
]][if;½GufuefpGef;rusvdkY ausmufoHywåjrm;vdkrS ararhorD;u raecJhbJ}}
ausmfoef;u wkdufwGef;aeonfhwdkifatmif a':jrvIdifu tDvnfvnf
vkyfaecJhonf/ olYoabmrSm ukdpdk;jrihfxHrS uHaouHr rjzpfao;orQ
odef;[efukd BudK;½Snf½SnfESihf vSefxm;zdkYom pdwful;onf/ þMum;xJrSm
orD;ukd ukdpdk;jrihfESihf em;csMunfhonf/ odef;[efESihfpmvdkufaomf ukdpdk;jrihfu
&mxl;vuf½Sdjzpfonf/ aumvdyfausmif;om;qdkonfrSm ausmif;rxGufcif
awmh wefzdk;½SdonfrSef\/ tptqHk;r½Sd? &nf½G,fcsuf? arQmfvihfcsuf
awG½Sdonf/ twGif;0ef? c½kdif0ef? ynmawmfoif? yg&*l? EkdifiH
acgif;aqmifBuD;awG? a½SUaecsKyfBuD;awG? w&m;Xme t"dywdawGjzpfzdkY
yHkoGif;aeMuwm rSefonf/ odkYaomf yHkoGif;onfhtwkdif; atmifatmifjrifjrif
od'¨daygufoGm;ol ½Sdoavmuf Orrnf pmrajrmuf txufra&muf
atmufrus paumpuESihf avmuwGifaomifwifaeMuol 'kESihfa';ukdvnf;
jrif&awGU&BuHKae&jcif; aMumihf orD;twGuf ukd,fhorufzrf;&efrSm
ukdpdk;jrihfudkom wufupD;&vdkufcsifonf/
odkvihfupm; jrihfrSm yk0gjzLuav;ESihfwlonfht½G,fyDyD ueOD;wnfí
pGef;xif;rdaomta&mifrS cRwfvTJí r&EdkifaomaMumihf touft½G,frrQ
rkqdk;zdkb0ukd taMumif;jyum rsuf&nfESihfjiif;½Smonf/ þodkY yif;oluyif;?
jiif;olujiif;aeMupOfyif odef;[ef\owif;ygvmawmhav&m jrihfcrsmrSm

132
'def;wvdef;ewf zrf;oavmuf ausmfoef;uwarSmihf wpfaxmihfuqlojzihf
rdcifjzpfolrSm odef;[efESihf rsufESmpHknDar;jref;í orufzrf;&atmifvdkufvm
Muonf[kqdku rrSm;Ekdifay/

___________

olwnf;wpfa,muf aumif;zdkYa&mufrl wpfa,mufolrSm ysufvifhumom

"r®wmwnf;[laom pum;rSm vufiif;tm;jzihf odef;[ef\trIay:rSm
xdkufem;cJhavonf/ udk,fwGif;a&;aMumifh rdbawGtm;today;um ESpfOD;
ESpfzuftdrfwGif;a&;tjzpf wifjyvkduf&onf/ ukd,fwGif;a&;u tdrfwGif;a&;
jzpfNyD;onfhaemuf NrdKUwGif;a&;jzpfatmif aMumfjimvdkufrdonf/ ,ckum;
aMumfjimNyD;umrS vSvSBuD;t½SufuJG&NyD/
]]cifAsm;om; w,fawmfw,f [if rcifñGefY w,fawmfw,f}}
OD;atmifBuD;rSm wpfukd,fvHk;wkefwkef,if,if jzpfvmaomaMumihf
raqmufwnfEdkifonfhtwGuf vrf;udk cyfoGufoGufavQmufae&onf/
olYajcvSrf;rsm;rSm wpfcef;vHk;wGif b,fae&mrSmrS *emtNidrf raeEdkif/
vufoD;ukd uspfuspfqkyfrdvsuf ezl;uacR;awG tpDt&DxGufae½Smonf/
a':cifñGefYtzdkYrSmum; rsufESmuav;i,fi,fESihf acgif;razmf0HhovdkiHkYí
rsuf&nfomwGifwGifokwfaerdonf/ a':zGm;ESpfuawmh olESihfyl;uyfpGm
xdkifae&mu viftm;wpfvSnfh? a':cifñGefYudkwpfvSnfh tuJcwfae½Hkom
owåd½Sdawmhonf/ xkdodkYaeonfhMum;u rdrda,musFm;yg;pyfrS usL;usL;
vGefvGefawG? ykd;pdk;yufpufawGxGufvmrSm pdk;rdygao;onf/ rdwfaqGcsif;

133
vnf; rsufESmysuf? vifjzpfoluvnf; a'goxGufatmif &ufpufvGef;aom
odef;[efukdom owåKcsí pdwfqdk;aeavonf/
]]ckvdk t½SufwuJG tusKd;enf;jzpf&wm aumif;ao;ovm;}} [k a':cifñGefY
xHrS pum;jyefr&rcsif; cyfus,fus,fcGef;qihfvkdufonf/
xdkonfhwkdifatmif a':cifñGefYuawmh bmrSjyefrajzEkdif½Sm? rajzwwf½Sm/
]]jznf;jznf;ajymyg ukdatmifBuD;&,f}} [k a':zGm;ESpfuom vifukdacsmh&onf/
]][if rif;u tckrS½Sufaeovm;? rif;yg tjypfruif;bl;? rif;toHk;rusvdkY?
rif;toHk;rusvdkY? rif;ayghavsmhvdkY rif;tckbmwwfEdkifao;ovJ}}
OD;atmifBuD;u tem;okdYwdk;vmum vufoD;vufarmif;wef;avmufatmif
atmfjyefonf/ wu,fqdkawmh a':zGm;ESpfonf vifukd MoZmay;Ekdif
avmufatmif tcGihfta&;&cJhygonf/ OD;atmifBuD;vdk vlat;BuD;tay:rSm
ae&mwum wGifus,fcJhonf/ OD;atmifBuD;udk,fwdkifyif OD;pm;ay;cJhonf/
,ckta&;usawmh rdk;rD;avmifaom trIjzpfonfhtwGuf wpfcGef;wpfyg'rS
rpGufzuf0Hhawmhay/ OD;atmifBuD;rSm *kPfESihfj'yfESihf aecJh½Hkomru
orD;uav; wpfa,mufwnf;usefukd rsKdrvdkcspfxm;onf/ a½TvdkOxm;onf/
xdkonfhMum;u om;tjypfukd rdcifwdkYaMumuf½GUHxdwfvefY wwfonfhenf;wl
orD;\rSJYwpfaygufpGef;rIukd zcifwdkYu ykdít½SufBuD; ½SufwwfMuonf/
,ckum; rSJYwpfaygufpGef;½Hkr[kwfaom rsKd;½kd;Zmwdyg xdcdkufEdkfifonfh
r[mta&;awmfyHkBuD;jzpfav&m olYcrsmorD;twGuf tdkBuD;tdkrESihf t½SufBuD;
½Sufayrnf/
]]ihgtay: ae&mwum zHk;&wmeJY? zd&wmeJY? ihgukdEGm;BuD; atmufarhae
ovm;[if}} [k OD;atmifBuD;u pdwfrcsKyfEkdifbJ aigufjyefavonf/
[kwfvnf;[kwfonf/ trmMuLukd,fwGif;a&;ukd zHk;wefoavmufawmh
zHk;xm;Muonf/ 'gvnf; rdcifESpfOD;u OD;atmifBuD; pum;wef½SnfrSm

134
pdk;onfhtwGuf twGif;pufykef;ckwfvdkufMujcif;jzpfonf/ jrefjrefqefqef
aphpyf aMumif;vrf;jcif;aMumfjimukd xnhf&atmifajympOfu OD;atmifBuD;uyif
cyftiftif vkyfaecJh&ao;onf/ olYtjrifuawmh odef;[efbDatatmifrS
BuD;BuD;us,fus,f aphpyfyJGvkyfapcsifonf/ vufxyfr*FvmyJGBuD; csD;0SJcsif
onf/
]]tdkawmf rdbcsif;oabmwl aphpyfaMumif;vrf;w,fqdkwm aMumfjimxm;vdkY
vGefwmrsKd;r[kwfygbl;/ bDatqdk orufzrf;csifwJhvlu trsm;om;}}
]]zrf;csifaum rcifñGefY oabmu½Sdao;wmyJuGm}}
]]aMomf rcifñGefYuawmh[kwfwmaygh? vlysKdvl½G,fqdkwmu 0g;vHkeif;rdwHk?
0g;jcrf;eif;rdwHk r[kwfvm;? aMumfjimxm;vdkufawmh at;a&m}}
]]tHr,fuGm rif;ES,f iodef;[efurS ighorD; rcspfvdkY topfawGUNyD;
BudKufvnf; BudKufygap? rif;vkyfyHku orD;aps;ysufvSw,f}}
]]tdk ½Sifuvnf; ae&mwum usKyfaumif;w,fxifvdkYvkyfwJh[mudk? tck
olYtarupNyD; awmif;yefaewm? olu aMumfjimyg&apawmhqdkaewm?
ukd,fujiif;vdkYaumif;rwJhvm;}}
]]'gjzihfvJ oabm oabm rif;wkYdyJ wGifus,fcsifvGef;w,f}}
þodkYom OD;atmifBuD;u tavQmhay;cJh&onf/ xdkudpö xdk&nf½G,fcsufrSm
,ckrSbl;ay:ovdk bGm;bGm;ay:awmhonf/ EGm;vkyfonf[kvnf; ajymp&m
jzpfaeawmhonf/
]]Munfhprf;ygOD;Asm? usKyforD;av; yef;aumif;tñGefYusKd;}}
,ckwpfcgawmh OD;atmifBuD;rSm a'goawGukefoGm;í &ifxkrem
nnf;vdkuf½Smonf/
xdktcgusrS a':cifñGefYu Mum;&onfhavaysmhukd jyefíacsmh0Hh½Smawmhonf/

135
]][kwfygw,f ukdatmifBuD;&,f? ½SifwdkYajymvnf;ajymp&mygyJ? uRefrom;
ukdu rdkufwGif;eufvGef;vdkY tcktajctaeujzihf ukdatmifBuD;wkdYajymovdk
vkyfovdk uRefrcH&awmhr,fhb0yg/ aMomf om; om;? ararhrsufESmrS
raxmufbl;uG,f}} [k om;ukd wrf;wí idkrd½Smonf/
þodkYqdkjyefawmh OD;atmifBuD;rSm rdwfaqG&if;ukd u½kPmoufrdjyefonf/
a':zGm;ESpfuawmh a':cifñGefYESihfa&mí rsuf&nfukdtusÐvufzsm;ESihfyif
wdkYaerd½Smonftxdyif/
]]uRefr½SdwJhpnf;pdrfukef&ifukefoGm;ygap rzGm;ESpf&,f? trmht½Sufudk
BuHMuprf;ygOD;? b,fvdk[myJjzpfjzpf uRefr aqmif½Gufay;yghr,f}}
a':cifñGefYu ESpfESpfumum? vIdufvIdufvSJvSJajym½Smonf/ þpum;rSm
0rf;xJ ESvHk;xJrS ,lusKH;r&jzpfvmonfh wu,fhapwemyif jzpfayonf/
aoG;om;ADZjzpfaom om;vS\ ya,m*uav;aMumifh ay:ay: xifxif
acR;ryifrawmfvdkuf&aomfvnf; tawmfBuD;arwåmxm;&avonf/
xdkMum;xJwGif ESpfzufrdbudk ñ§if;yrf;ESdyfpufovdkjzpf&aomtaMumif;rSm
olYb0oltqHk;owfrnfBuHaom trmMuL\tjyKtrlrsm;aMumihfjzpfav\/
BudK;wef;vef;ESihfrdonfrSmvnf; wpfcgESpfcgjzpfí wifcsmtdkiftdk'if;ESihf
tufqpfrsm;udk aomufrnhfyufyif;wGifrdonfrSmvnf; wpfcgESpfcgjzpfaom
aMumihf rMumrMum oHk;OD;aomrdbrsm; idkBuD;csufrESihf r&&atmif
azsmif;zsMu&avonf/
]]orD;ukdwu,fcspf&if zsufvdkzsufqD;rvkyfMuygeJYawmh ararwdkY&,f?
avmuBuD;xJrSm uRefraMumihf ararwkdYwpfawG t½SufuJGwm rjrifcsifvdkYyg/
at;&mat;aMumif; uRefr½Smyg&apawmh}}[k trmMuLu ZGwfwa&m
ajymwwfonf/

136
]]ararwdkYtonf;ESvHk;udk jzKwfr,fBuHovm; orD;&,f? orD;'DuaeYao&if
eufjzefcg ararwdkYvdkufaoMu&rSmyJ/ odef;[efwpfa,mufrdkufwmeJY
vlBuD;awGtm;vHk; 'ku©a&muf&awmhrvm;}} [k &ifbwfpnfwD; idkBuD;csufr
ajymMu&jyefonf/
vlBuD;awGwpfaeYwpfjcm; tylawGqihfvmatmif "r®wm0efuvnf;
wpfaeYwpfjcm;&ihfum trmMuL\ t½Sufukd cJGawmhrnfwuJuJ½Sdav\/
odef;[efrdkufoavmuf aumif;½Smaom a':cifñGefYrSm trmMuL\rdbwdkYESihf
ta&;wBuD;wkdifyif&avonf/
aemufqHk;tBuHum; trmMuLukd cJtdkawmfarmifboufESihf £a`E´rysuf
qufvuf ae&mcsxm;vdkufMu&ef jzpfav\/ xdkudpöum; rvG,fulao;acs/
vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;ír&Ekdifonfh twGif;vljzpfaomboufukd yxrem;cs
MunfhzdkYyif tawmfcufao;onf/
boufrSm rkqdk;zdkjzpfonfhwkdifatmif a,musFm;wkdYrnfonf wpfckvyfjzpfap?
rkqdk;rjzpfap ododomom qdkvQif MunfMunfjzLjzL,lEkdifzkdYvG,fao;onf/
,ckuJhokdY olrsm;vSnf;usKd;ukd trdkufcHí0ifxrf;&efum; vG,fulvSaom
udpör[kwfay/ trdkuf0ifcHygawmh[k ajym&vQifyif tajymcH&rnfholtwGuf
ukd,fcsif;pmí ½SufpEdk;zG,fwpf&yf r[kwfygavm/
]]ukdatmifBuD;wdkYyJajymMunfhprf;ygOD;av? 'Doli,fqdkwmuvnf; wpfjcm;vlr
Sr[kwfbJ? ½SifwkdYukd rdbESihfrjcm; oabmxm;NyD; tm;ukd;ae½SmwmrdkY
ajym&ifvG,faumif;vG,fygvdrfhr,f/ uRefrwdkY ½SifwdkYt½Sufukd u,faumif;
u,fygvdrhfr,f/ trmMuLukdom ,lr,fqdk&if uRefru aiGig;aomif;
vufzJGUyghr,f/ olYukdom 0kdif;0ef;NyD; wkdufwGef;Muprf;ygOD;}} [k
a':cifñGefYupítBuHay;jcif;aMumihf a½SUrsufESmaemufxm;í acgif;csif;½kduf
MunfhMuavonf/

137
]]'gawmh OD;wkdYoabmaygh? trmMuLqdkwmu uRefawmhvufay:rSmvdkvdk
BuD;jyif;vmwmrdkY uRefawmfhESr taxG;uav;avmuf oabmxm;
vmcJhwmyg/ OD;wkdYupDrHr,fqdk&if uRefawmfhbufukdawmh xnfhrpOf;pm;
MuygeJY/ olYoabmukdom ar;jref;pHkprf;MunfhMuygOD;/ oloabmrusrSm
jzpf&ifvnf; twif;awmhrwdkufwGef;Muapcsifbl;/ pdwfnpfp&mawG rsm;
oxufrsm;vm&if 'Dxuf'D rawmfwa&mfawGBuHukefrSmpdk;&ygao;w,f}} [k
boufu arQmfac: pOf;pm;íjyefajymaomtcg vlBuD;awGrSm trmMuLukd
azsmif;zsem;cszdkY BuHMu&jyefonf/
trmMuLum; tcef;xJrSrxGuf? rsuf&nfESihfrsufcGuf? aeY&ufawGom
vGefcJhonf/ olYtjrifuawmh a½SUwGifumqD;aeaom tarSmifxkBuD;om
jzpfonf/ rdbawGwdkifyifMuyHk? pDpOfMuyHkukd tm½HkrSmr0ifpm;/ olY&ifaoG;udk
b,ftajctaeESihf arG;zGg;&rnfom pdk;&drfxdwfvefYae&onf/ odef;[efrS
wpfyg; olYt½Sufukd umuG,fxdef;odrf;EdkifrnfholrawGU/ odef;[efonfom
wpfOD;wnf;aom w&m;0ifa½SUaqmifa½SU½Guf? t½SufESihf usufoa&ukd
u,fwifrnfhol½Sd&m xdkodef;[efrSm raobJESihf b0ajymif;NyD; twdwf
a[mif;u tqdk;taumif;awGukd arhaeavmufayNyD/ þtaMumif;w&m;ukd
rdbrsm;yifodMuNyD/
xdkYaMumihf boufukd vlpm;xdk;í vSnf;usKd;ukd 0iftxrf;cdkif;&ef
trmhtm;em;oGif;MunfhrdonfESihfwpfNydKifeuf rsufpdrsufESmysufí
]]rw&m;rvkyfMuygeJY ararwdkY&,f? orD;rdkuforQ'Pfukd ukdboufBuD;tay:
yHkrcs&ufygbl;/ rvkyfMuygeJY? rvkyfMuygeJY}} [k xdwfxdwfysmysm
awmif;yef½Smawmhonf/
]]rw&m;vkyfovdkawmh b,f[kwfrvJorD;&,f}}

138
a':cifñGefYu {nfhaxmuf0ifcH½Smygonf/ ajymr,fhomajymvkduf&onf/
rw&m;rSef;awmh ukd,fpDukd,fiS toD;oD;odMuygonf/ odkYaomf b,fuJhokdY
wwfEkdifygrnfenf;/ ta&;BuHKvQif oufvHkaumif;Mu&awmhrnf/
]][kwfygw,forD;&,f? armifbouf olYcrsm apwemeJY oufouf
0ifxrf;½Smwmyg}}[k a':zGm;ESpfu xyfíaxmufcHvkdufygao;onf/
tdrfa½SUyl tdrfaemufrcsrf;omqkdovdk tdrfwGif;a&;BuD;wpfckudk tdrfwGif;om;
wpfa,mufjzpfaom bouftay: zHk;zdkYzdzdkY rjzpfEdkif/ zHk;zdxm;zdkY vlrsKd;vnf;
r[kwfaomaMumihf txkwfukdajzíjyNyD;om;jzpfonf/ ododomom awmif;
yefxm;jcif;aMumihf cyf½Sif;½Sif;yif/ odkYwdkifatmif "g;ckwf&mvuf0ifvQKd
onfhvlu vQKdapumrl trmuawmh arwåmoefYoefYaMumihf rckwf&ufEkdif/
'gxufqdk;wmu odef;[efudkrarhEkdifwmu ykdcufao;onf/
]]aemufqHk;uRefrajym&&if ukdodef;[efukd uRefr&JU umrykdif&,fvdkY
oabmxm;NyD;jzpfaevdkY oluuRefrukd rkef;oGm;ayr,fh uRefruawmh
b,fawmhrSrrkef;Ekdifbl; arar? udk,fha,musFm; aemufr,m;i,f
,loGm;w,fvdkYyJ pdwfxJpJGaerdw,f/ 'gaMumihf uRefraemufvif,lzdkY
rMum;yg&apeJY? oufqdk;½SnforQ uRefr'ku©eJY uRefryJ½Sdygap}}
a':cifñGefYonf olYom;qdk;oavmuf trmu aemufwpfrsufESm rajymif;
&ufao;onfhapwemukd tonf;eihfatmif Mum;vdkuf&jcif;aMumihf quf
rajymEkdifatmifjzpfoGm;½Smonf/ odkYaomf zatwefrJhESihf r½I&ufaom
OD;atmifBuD;u orD;tem;odkYuyfí tBuHay;&jyefonf/
]]uJ orD;? 'gjzihf 'DvdkvkyfMuygpdkYuG,f? armifboufeJYvufqufw,fqdkwJh
owif;uav;jzpf½Hkavmufawmh azazwdkYpDpOfyg&ap? 'grSr[kwf&if orD;
uav;rSm wpfaeYxufwpfaeY}}

139
OD;atmifBuD;u qHk;atmifrajymaomfvnf; trmu tqHk;owfukd em;vnf
vkdufygonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifhqdk&aomf trmonf rdrd\'ku©xuf
rdrdtwGuf aomua&mufaeMu&aom rdbawGudk u½kPm tBuD;tus,f
jzpfrdonf/ tm;vHk;uajymaeMuonfrSm rdrdwpfOD;wnf;\ aumif;usKd;ukd
a½SU½Iae&aMumif; em;vnf&ayonf/
]]orD;arwåm[m tNrJjzLpifaewmrdkY wpfaeYaeYoljyefvmvdrfhr,fvdkY t,l½Sdyg
w,fazaz/ 'Dawmh oljyefvm&if olYtqdk;[m uRefrtqdk;jzpfaeygOD;r,f}}
]]tdk 'DacG;rom; jyefvmr,fhtaumif r[kwfygbl;}}
OD;atmifBuD;u pdwfvdkufrmefyg a&½Gwfvdkufrdonf/ NyD;rS rsufESmuav;
i,foGm;aom olYtar rcifñGefYukd tm;wHkYtm;emjzpfvkduf&onf/ wu,f
qdkawmh OD;atmifBuD;wdkYvifr,m;onf a':cifñGefYukdawmh aemufxyf
rajym&ufavmufatmif ½SdMuygNyD/ olYcrsmrSm Budrf;0g;armif;rJ tjypfwif
onfhtxJu rdrdwdkYESihf at;twl yltrQ 'ku©udk a0cHae½Smavonf/
]]vmvnf; vm0Hhawmhr,f rxifygbl;orD;&,f}} [k rcifñGefYu rsuf&nf
okwf&if;ajym&mu qufí ]]vmvnf; vufoihfcHzdkY raumif;awmhygbl;uG,f?
acG;avmufrdkufwJhtaumif[m ihgorD;eJY rwefawmhygbl;}}
]]tdkuG,f oljyefvmvkdY ihgorD;uauseyfr,fqdk&if 'if;ukd vlBuD;pHk&m
½Sif;jyvkdufwmaygh? armifboufuawmh pdwfcs&ygw,f orD;&,f/ orD;ukd
ESruav;t&if;vdk oem;aewmyg/ oludk,fwkdifem;vnfrI½Sdygw,f/
aeMuawmhvnf; OruJGokdufrysuf azazwdkYeJY wpfvHk;wpfpnf;
xJaeMurSmyJ[m}} [k qdkaomaMumihf trmü rjiif;omatmif ½Sdavonf/
jiif;&atmifvnf; b,fbufurS pOf;pm;ír&? odef;[efwpfa,mufom
rdrdukdarh&ufonf/ odef;[efrSty tukefvHk;u aumif;Muonf/ apwem
½SdMuonf/ u,fwifvdkMuonf/ xdkMum;xJwGif rdrdrSm udk,fvGwf

140
vufvGwfr[kwf/ aejrihfav t½l;&ihfavqdkouJhokdYaom'ku©u udk,fESihf
ruGmaqmif½Gufae&ayao;onf/
xdkYaMumihf trmMuLonf vlBuD;awGxH tmrbaEÅcHvkduf&awmhonf/
]]ud ud uJ uJ}}
avSmiftdrfxJrS azmfuJGaom omvdumi,fonf trmMuL\a0'emukd
udk,fcsif;pmovdk toHjyKvkdufonf/ ,cifu ESpfaumifwJG? ,ckawmh
wpfaumifwnf;/
odef;[ef armfvNrdKifukdvdkufoGm;rnf[k EIwfqufvmonfhaeYu odef;[ef
txGufwGif omvdumMuifzuf vGwfxGufíoGm;wmudk jyefvSefum
pOf;pm;rdonf/ olYcrsm tpma&pmrS MunfMunfvifvifrpm;? pum;ajymzdkY
a0;vdkY jrL;xl;aysmfyg;yHkrSr&? trmonf iSufi,fukdMunfh&if; 0rf;enf;
vmrdonf/
]]tazmfr½SdwJh omvdumav;&,f}}
trmMuLonf avSmiftdrfuav;em;odkY wjznf;jznf;uyfoGm;rdonf/
xdkYaemuf avSmiftdrfwHcg;uav;ukd tomt,mzGihfvkdufjyefonf/ iSufi,f
onf olYtm; b,fodkYb,fyHkjyKrnfenf;[k tuJcwfum wxdwfxdwf
wvefYvefY rsufvHk;uav;0kdif;ae½Smonf/
]]ra½T0g&,f? rif;rSmawmh cspfolaemufukdysHvkdufp&m tawmif½Sdygw,fuG,f/
'gaMumihf rr zGihfvTwfay;vdkufawmhr,faemf? ighcspfolvlpdrf;um;BuD;
awGU&ifom rrrSmjzihf jzpforQtaMumif; taumif;yJqdkNyD; uHa[mif;ukd
½kd;r,fzJGUae&ygNyDvdkY ajymvkdufprf;yguG,f aemf? uJ oGm;awmhav oGm;awmh}}
trmMuLonf wd&pämefiSufi,fukd em;vnfolwpfa,muftaeESihf ajymvkduf
jcif;aMumihf pdwfajyvufajy &ifxJrSmtaeacsmifoGm;ygonf/ iSufuav;um;
trmhpum;awGudk acgif;uav;apmif;umiJhum ajcw<u<u tawmifuav;

141
wrrESihf em;axmifovdk½Sdonf/ odkYayr,fh trmMuLxifovdk avSmiftdrf
uav;xJu jzKef;ceJysHrxGuf ,cifowå0guav;ujzihf vpfwmESihf
wpfNydKifeuf vGwf&mukdajy;xGufoGm;onf/ tzdkESihftruGmjcm;wm 'grsm;vm;
[k pOf;pm;rdao;onf/ odkYaomf trmMuLtzdkY olYukdcifwG,faeonfudkyif
rMunfh&uf? jyefxGufroGm;wmukdvnf; r½Ipdrfh/ olYrsufarSmuf0,f
wpfaumifxD;wnf; azmfrJhwpfukd,fjzpfae&onfxuf oaAÁowåmur®oum
avESihf a&mí wdrfaMumukdysHum olYcspfoludkomvkdufvH½SmazGaeapcsifonf/
þvdk½Sm&if; tawmifanmif;íaooGm;wmurS auseyfp&m½SdvdrfhOD;rnf/
xdkYaMumihfyif þwpfcPuav;ü trmMuLonf omvdumruav;
omjzpfvdkufcsif awmhonf/ olYrSmom tawmifaygufvQif odef;[efajc&if;
ta&muf vkdufíidkjyvdkufcsifawmhonf/
]]oGm;av a½T0g? wHcg;zGihfxm;w,fav}}
omvdumuav;um; ayuyfíaeawmhonf/ Mumaomf trmMuLonf
olYukdrSapmihfrMunfh xGufoGm; vdkonfhtcsdefwGif vGwfvGwfvyfvyf
xGufoGm;Ekdif&ef wHcg;ukd tqifoihfzGihfcJhí olYtem;rS rsuf&nfokwfum
aemufqkwfí xGufoGm;rdawmhownf;/

___________

142
tcsdefonfum; ESm&nf,dk½TJonfh wydkYwGJrS waygif;? wefcl; rdk;om;
MuL;NyD;vQif uqkef? e,kef rkd;oHawGpHkcJhum 0gqdk 0gacgif a&azmifazmif
jzpfcJhjyefvsuf awmfovif;aeykpGefaocJhNyD;aemuf Mumaygif;ñGwfonfh
oDwif;uRwfodkY ul;cJh½HkrQru zHk;wkef; vHk;wkef; wefaqmifrkef;ukdvGefcJhum
ewfawmf jymodk ESif;pdkpdkokdYjyefvnf qdkufa&mufcJhjyefav\/
odef;[efonf usKdufomvHapwD&ifjyifawmfrS taemufajrmufpl;pl;ukd
rsufESmrlum ai;vsuf? awG;vsuf½Sdonf/ þrSaeí rHopu©KESihfrjrifEdkifaom
yJcl;bufudk a&mf&rf;rSef;qaejcif;omjzpfonf/ olonf rsufpdESihfrjrif
Edkifayr,fh tm½HkxJrSmawmhay:vmavonf/
ñdkarSmif&ihfa&mfaom awmifcdk;jrLaiGUwdkYjzihf rIefwjyjyuav;jrif&aom
rkwårNrdKUuav;ESihf oHvGifjrpf0wGif pdrf;pdrf;pdkpdkusufoa&aqmifaeaom
acgif;aq;uRef;uav;wdkYrSm odef;[ef\tawG;xJu wa&;a&;aysmufuG,f
oGm;Muonf/ xdk½IarQmfcif;wkdYtpm; jrifvm&aom ½lyg½Hkum; vSyaom
rdef;rysKduav;wpfa,mufESihf rGef&nfaom vkvifysKdwpfa,muf twl,SOfwJG
um pdwfaysmfvufaysmf pE´,m;wD;qdkaeMuyHkjzpfvmav\/
½lyg½Hkomru o'´g½Hkyg wJGvmovdkvdkxifvkduf&onf/ rdef;rysKduav;
qkdaeaomoDcsif;rSm ]onfaqmif;a[rmef} bJGU jzpfonf/ rdef;uav;
\qHxHk;ay:wGif oZifcdkifuav;rsm; w,dkif,dkifwvIdifvIdif½SdaeMuonf/
rMumrD vkvifu rdef;rysKd\ cg;uav;udkzufvkdufonf/ rdef;uav;u
½kef;xGufonf/ xdktcg a,musFm;ysKduav;u ZGwfzrf;í erf;vdkufrdonf/
]]aMomf trmMuL trmMuL ighukdodyfpdwfemaeawmhrSmyJ? tif; wu,fqdkawmh
emxdkufygNyDvm; trm&,f}}
odef;[efonf yg;pyfucyfwdk;wdk;½Gwfvkdufrdonf/

143
]]olYtay:rSm igapmfum;cJhrdw,f/ cspfrdcJhw,fqdkwJhpum;u odyfrrSefEdkifbl;/
apmfum;rdcJhw,fqdkwmrS wu,fwduswJhpum;aygh/ vlBuD;awGudkvnf;
rsufESmzsufcJhNyD/ ightaru ighukdpdwfemwmxuf olYrdbawGu ykdNyD;
pdwfemMurSmyJ/ tdk pdwftemqHk;uawmh um,uH½Siftrmtjyif b,fol
½SdOD;rSmvJ/ tckae ighudkawGU&&if zufNyD; idkcsvdkufrvm;? 'grSr[kwf&if
vufñdk;uav;aigufaigufxdk;NyD; uufuufvefatmif &efyJawGUavrvm;?
&efawGUzdkYrSpdwfr½SnfbJ rsufESmukdcsmceJYvSnfhxGufNyD; ajcaqmihfoGm;rvm;/
wu,fqdkawmh igawmfawmf,kwfrmcJhwmyJ/ ightukodkvf[m armfvNrdKif
ukdvkdufvmwJhtcgupNyD; tusKd;ay;cJhwmyJ}}
odef;[efonf tvdktavsmufyif rsufpdukdpHkrSdwfvdkufrdawmhonf/ tm;,lí
wzefjyefzGihfvkdufawmhrS rkwårNrdKUESihf acgif;aq;uRef;uav;rSm txift½Sm;
ay:aeNrJay:vmawmhavonf/ oufrBuD;wpfvHk;ukd ypövu©wf ypfcs
vkdufNyD;vQif bk&m;rSqif;awmhrnf[k 0wfjznfhvkdufaomtcg ½kyfyGg;awmf
wpfqla½SUwGif anmifa&tdk;uav;wpfckESihf a0qmñGefYvef; oZifyef;jzL
vTvTuav;udk oGm;awGU&jyefonf/ xdkyef;uav;awGudk jrif&jcif;rSm
odef;[eftzdkY &ifxJrSmqdkYoGm;apawmhonf/
odef;[ef\tajctaeonf azmufvSJazmufjyef avmu"Hu jrefyJjrefvGef;
vSonf/ armfvNrdKifodkY jrihfjrihfESihfygvmpu xdkbk&m;ay:odkY aysmfwNyHK;NyHK;
armifr,fpHkwufcJh&aomfvnf; ,ckawmh wpfa,mufwnf; a,mifvnfvnf
rsufESmi,fuav;ESihf awG;&if;ai;&if;om½Sdawmhonf/
a,mu©rtdrfwuf orufozG,f rsufESmi,f[laompum;rSm odef;[efvdk
orufrsKd;jzpfavonf/ xdktcsdef olwkdYtdrfxJ0ifí MunfhvkdufrnfqdkvQif
jiLplaeaom a,mu©r? rsufESmrvSaom r,m;onfESihf tdrftvnfvmaom
udkpdk;jrihfwdkYudk awGU&rnfjzpfav\/

144
rif;uawmf pdk;uawmf olaX;uawmfawG0kdif;0kdif;vnfaeaom 'dkif;0efuGif;
&yfuGufwGif rdbtarGjywf tvkyfvufrJh bDatratmifcJhaom odef;[ef
twGuf oruftjzpfESihf cyf½Suf½SufjzpfaeMuonf/ tdrfeD;csif;jzpfaom
odef;[efukdydk;cJh tvdkvdkufcJh ta&;ay;cJhMuonfh cifrBuD;udkMunfhvkdufvQif
rMumrDuav;urS tdkifpDtufwpfOD;ESihf vufxyfcJhavonf/ awmifbuf
wkdufu cifcifav;onfvnf; tvkyfoif0efaxmufwpfOD;ESihf ae&mcsxm;
NyD;jzpfonf/ tdrfa½SUtdrfu r&ifEkrSmvnf; bHkabbm;rm;opfpuf
ukd,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;ESihf tBuD;tus,f r*FvmaqmifcJhNyD/
þvdkMum;xJrS t0wfwpfxnf ukd,fwpfckomjzpfaom odef;[efvufokdY
orD;ukd 0 uGuftyfvdkuf&aom rif;uawmfBuD; a':jrvdIifrSm aeY½SdorQ
rausrcsrf;jzpfaerdonf/ xdkxuf ukdpdk;jrihfum; rdrdwdkYtay:rSm vrf;p
jywfroGm;bJ pdkwJhvufrajcmufatmif a&mufaeustwkdif; a&mufaejcif;u
csD;rGrf;p&m cifwG,fp&m vGwfwJhig;BuD;p&m jzpfaejyefonf/
]]nnf;xvdkY? nnf;½GvdkY 'DvdkrsufESmi,f&wm? igoabmwlwJh
armifpdk;jrihfeJYqdk&if rif;uawmfrjzpf&vm;? vifcHa½G;vdkY vifacG;eJYnm;&wm}}
qdkaompum;rsm;ESihf aeY½SdorQ jrihfjrihftm;Budwfí Budrf;armif;qlylae&mu
odef;[eftm; txiftjrifao;atmif aoG;aqmifovdkjzpfaeavonf/
tqdk;qHk;uawmh odef;[eftm;pdwfemí olYrdcifu om;tjzpfrS pGefYypf
vdkufjcif;qdkonfh owif;pmygaMumfjimu odef;[efukdrsufESmykdí i,fap
awmhonf/
'gukdrausrcsrf;jzpfí pum;emxdk;ol a':jrvIdiftjyif rnfol½SdOD;rnfenf;/
orufukdceJY orD;udk½GJU wu,fhukd tjypf½Smaeawmhonf/ orD;ESihforuf
tdrfxufrSm auR;xm;&onfyif ro'¨ga&pmEkdifvSNyD/ odef;[efujzihf
bmwpfckrS acgif;azmfEdkifp&mr½Sd/

145
vlYavmu*kPf&dyfNrHKwGif tzHkzHkaom avmu"Hukd pHkvifatmif rcHpm;
rpHpm;&ao;aom toufESpfq,f rjynfhao;onfh jrihftwGufqdk&vQif
pdk;jrihfxuf aumvdyfausmif;om; pE´,m;csefyD,HolaX;om;jzpfcJhonfh
odef;[efukd cspfcJhjcif;rSm *kPfaMumifhjzpfonf/ wpftdrfwnf; eD;eD;
uyfuyfyGef;wD;pGmaecJh&onfhtjyif tdrfeD;csif;*kPfBuD;½SifwkdYu cHkrifvkdufpm;
Muonfudkod&í tm;usrcHBudKufrd&mu pJGvrf;rSef;rodpJGvrf;vmvsuf
aemufqHk;wGif tpfukdBuD;jzpfol\ rsufjrifwdkifMum;rIaMumihf vsifjrefpGm
,lvkduf&jcif;jzpfonf/ tajctaerSm arQmfvihfovdkrjzpfvmonfhtcg
oli,fcsif; *kPfwk*kPfNydKifawGudk ½SufpEdk;jzpfvmonfhtcdkuf rdcifBuD;
wdkufwGef;rIonf ua,mifacsmufcsm; pdwfvGihfyg;apbd\/
odkYaomf wpfxHk;rMuif wpfxHk;Muif? vifqdkaomarwåmu cspfpcifp
MuifempwGif tm;&p&mrS rukefao;onfhtwGuf rdcifESihfvifpyfMum;wGif
Asmrsm;ae&½Smonf/
]]jrihf aqGaqGwihfwkdY r*Fvmaqmifukd roGm;bl;vm;}}
]]jrifh rif;uawmf e,fvDwdkYeJY rk'HkaysmfyJGpm;vdkufroGm;bl;vm;}}
]]oabFmvJu a':rdrdwdkYtvSL roGm;bJudk;}}
ukdpdk;jrihfu tdrfukdvmwkdif; jrihfukdEIwfcGef;qufonf/ vifh*kPfenf;í
vlawmxJ rwdk;csifolukd qiftdyf&m qdwfEId;oabmrsKd; ajymonfhtcgajymí
]]jrihf&,f tckvdk odrfodrfi,fi,fae&wm udkBuD; pdwfraumif;ygbl;uG,f?
armifodef;[efukd tvkyfuav; bmav; ½Smcdkif;ygOD;}} [kvnf; u½kPm
vdkvdkESihf cyfcsKdcsKdyifhwwfao;onf/ udkpdk;jrihfu jrihftay:u½kPmouf
ae&ao;onfrSm taMumif;½Sdonf/
a':jrvIdifonf olYorD;twGuf ½Suf½SufESihfumuG,fcJhzl;onf/

146
]]armifpdk;jrihfukd wl&if;om;&if;vdkoabmxm;NyD; zGifhajym&awmhr,fuG,f?
jrihfjzpf&wJhtjzpfu vl,HkowfvdkYao&ovdk a&wdrfrSmtepfcH&wmrsKd;ygyJ
armifpdk;jrihf&,f? odef;[efqdkwmu om;eJYywfoufvmwJh oli,fcsif;
r[kwfvm;? jrihfuvnf; ½l;½l;rdkufrdkuf? 'Dtay:rSm ukd,fhtpfukd&JU
oli,fcsif;qdkawmh ukd,fuvnf;tdrfonfjzpfae jyefawmh ae&mwum
jyKpkyGef;wD;cJhw,f? rsufESmomay;cJhw,f/ tJ'g ukda½Tacsmu olYBudKufae
yaumqdkwJhoabmeJY a':a':tvpfrSm jrihftdyf&mxJtwif;0ifNyD; Avuúm,
vkyfwkef; armifausmfoef;jrifoGm;wmeJY wpf½SufuESpf½Suf rjzpf&atmif
vkyf&r,fqdkNyD; tausmuftuefajymvGef;vdkY ae&mcsvdkuf&wmyguG,f/
wu,fqdkawmh olYvdktvkyfvufrJh ynmrJhukd jrihfub,frSef;vdrfhrwkef;?
'gayr,fh a,musFm;uav;qdkwmrsKd;u oGm;ykyfavvGihfajymcsif&majymEkdifwm
r[kwfvm;}} [laom pum;rsm;onf armifpdk;jrihftwGuf emomcHcuf
u½kPmoufp&mawGjzpfcJh&onf/
olYtjrifuawmh odef;[efuvlqdk;? a':jrvIdifwdkYuvl½dk;/
]]tif; 'gawGudk tpuwnf;u uRefawmfxifw,f a':a':}}
]]rSefwmajym&&ifawmh a':a': oabmwlvdkYr[kwfbl;? jrifhuvnf;
oabmusvGef;vSvdkYr[kwfbl;? oli,fcsif;csif; rsufESmylvScsnf&JUqdkNyD;
armifausmfoef;u wkwfwpfjyuf? "g;wpfjyufvkyfvkdY? 'DMum;xJ armifpdk;jrihfeJY
em;csygao;&JU? olYtjzpfol½SufvdkY armifpdk;jrihfeJYvufquf&rSm tm;emaewm
ayghuG,f}}
a':jrvIdif\pum;rSm pJGpJGvrf;vrf;jzpfaeaom armifpdk;jrihfukd tmv,
rukefp&mjzpfaeavonf/ olYtzdkYuawmh b,fESom;arG;í b,fESvifaeae
taotvJykd;aevsufom;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumihfyif a':jrvIdifuvnf;

147
armifpdk;jrihfqdkvQif ta&;w,lvkyfí udkpdk;jrihfuvnf; rdwfaqGaumif;yDopGm
cPcP tvnfvmjcif;jzpfav\/
odef;[efESihfwpfcgwpf&HqHkrdapumrl a':jrvIdifu ukdpdk;jrifhukd{nfhcHaewwf
vsuf odef;[efu pdwfajyvufaysmuf pE´,m;ukdacgufaeonfhtcg
]]a[h oli,f wpfqdwfavmufvnf; tdrfxJuvlawGudk tm;emygOD;?
em;nnf;vGef;vdkY acgif;awmifukdufvSNyD}} qdkaomtoHk;rsKd;
]]a[h armifodef;[ef 'DrSm{nfhaumif; apmifaumif;eJY pum;ajymaew,fuJGU?
enf;enf;jzpfjzpf tvdkuf uav;rsm;odOD;rSaygh? aeYwa'gifa'gif
nwa'gifa'gifeJY}} [laom pum;rsm;jzihf zdpD;ESdyfpufwwfjyefonf/
,cifu Mum;emírNiD;aompE´,m;oHonf yÍöodcFewfom;\apmif;oHvdk
xifcJhMuonf/ ,ckawmh oHyHk;oHvdk trSwfjyKMuavNyD/ xdkYaMumihf
odef;[efonf eD;pyf&m0goemtdk;rsm;xH aeukefaecrf;vnfí pE´,m;om
wD;ae wwfonf/ pifppfrSmawmh txifao;cH&í tdrfukdruyf
t&yfxJvnfaeav&m xdktjyKtrlu odef;[eftm; txifao;onfxuf
ao;p&mjzpfjyefavonf/
*Dwum; ol&mESihftawmfoabmcsif;wlonf/
pdwfnpfít&ufukdaomufcsifonf/ aysmfvQifvnf; t&ufukd aomufwwf
Muonf/ *Dwvnf;xdkYtwlyif? pdwfnpfvQif *Dw wD;csif qdkcsifonf/ odkYrS
pdwfajyovdk oufomovdk ½Sdvmonf/ aysmfvQifvnf; *DwESihf
wD;rIwfoDqdkí aysmfvdkufcsifonf/
wpfnaewGif odef;[efonf pE´,m;oifay;ae&onfh tdrfwpftdrfrS
jyefvmcJhonf/ jrihfwkdYwkduf0ü um;wpfpD; qkdufxm;onfudk vSrf;jrif
vdkuf½HkESihf ukdpdk;jrihftdrfvnfa&mufaeaMumif; aumif;aumif;BuD; odvdkuf&
onf/ yef;NcHwGif; wpfae&mü a,mu©ra':jrvIdifonf yef;cl;&if;

148
at;at;aq;aq; vrf;avQmufaeavonf/ a':jrvIdifukd odef;[efu
vSrf;jrifaomfvnf; odef;[ef0ifvmonfudk a':jrvIdifrjrifvdkufrd/
odef;[efonf wkdufwGif;odkY0ifvkdufonfESihf wpfNydKifeuf rsufvHk;rsm;jym
oGm;atmif a'gocdk;awGrTefvdkufrdonf/ {nfhcef;qdkzmwpfckay:wGif ukdpdk;jrifh
uxkdifí jrihfudktwif;ayGU&efBudK;pm;aeavonf/ jrihfu wtdktdk wtiftif
ESihf ½kef;xGufaeav&m
]]jrihfae&wm oem;vGef;vdkYyg jrihf&m? jrihfudk [dkaumifxufomatmif
xm;jycsifvGef;vdkYyg}} [k yg;pyfu wwGwfwGwfacsmharmhaeavonf/
wpfcPav;rSmawmh odef;[efonf rdk;BudK;pufukd ukdifvkduf&ovdk
uwkefu,ifawmif jzpfoGm;rdonf/ odkYaomf a,mu©rBuD; yef;NcHwGif;qif;
aejcif;u olwdkY\o½kyfukd xkwfajyaeum apwemawG odavmufygonf/
o&Jwapävdk wpfukd,fvHk;aoí &yfMunfhaeaom odef;[efudk t&if
jrifvkdufolrSm jrihfomvQifjzpfonf/
]][if usKyfxufomatmifxm;csifw,f [kwfvm;? xm; xm;}} odef;[efu
pdk;jrihfvdyfjymvGihfoGm;awmh rwwf toHukef[pfí atmfvkdufrdonf/
xdktwGif;uav;rSmyif a':jrvIdifajy;wufvmonfESihf wpfcsdefwnf;
vufvGef ajcvGefjzpfoGm;rSm pdk;onfhjrihfu
]]tdk udkodef;[ef}} [k uref;uwef;ajy;ízuf&efBudK;pm;vkdufao;onf/
odkYaomf wpfukd,fvHk;ewfus aeaom odef;[efu jrihf\pum;ukd vufrcH
jzef;ceJaeatmif yg;ukd vSrf;ykwfvdkufaomaMumihf jrihfxdkifíusoGm;
avonf/
]]tr,fav; usKyforD;aoygNyDawmf}} [k a':jrvIdifu &efawGUonfudk
udk,fha'goukd,frenf;Edkifatmif csKyfí

149
]][kwfw,f? [kwfw,f cifAsm;orD; cifAsm;orD;? cifAsm;BuD; avmfvnfcsif
ovdk avmfvnfayawmh}} [k rsufESmESihf twefom;ajymcsvkdufonf/
]]avmfvnfr,f[Jh avmfvnfr,f? toufwpf&m vifwpf&mjynfhoGm;yap?
eifvdkvifeJYuGJrS ihgorD;vljzpfrSm}} [k &dyfrdrSajymifajymifqdkovdk ajymcsvdkuf
av\/
a':jrvIdif\pum;ukd bmwpfcGef;rS rwHkYjyefawmhbJ odef;[efonf
t0wfwpfxnfudk,fwpfckESihf aemufcdkif;í xGufcJh&m
]]ukdodef;[ef udkodef;[ef}} [k r,m;onf\ wrf;woHuav;ESihf
wpfqufwnf;
]]bmvJ nnf;u acG;vdkvifrsm; pHkpHkrufruf vmcJh}} [k vSrf;qJGovdk
atmfaigufvkdufonfh a,mu©r toHum; odef;[ef\em;wGif aemufqHk;
pum;omjzpfawmhonf/
wpfaeYaomae0if&Dwa&mtcsdef yJcl;NrdKUü boufESihftrmMuLwkdYrSm pdwfajy
vufajy ajzwwfovdk ajzaeMuavonf/
]]trm aevdkYaumif;&JUr[kwfvm;}}
]]aumif;ygw,f ukdbouf&,f}}
]]uav;&JU rSu©½kawGawmh aysmufukefNyDa[h? 'DEdkYbl;u t&ifEdkYbl;xuf
aumif;w,f? aMomf 'gxuf trm rSnfhxm;wJhemrnfudkawmif armifodef;[ef
wdkYtaru w,fNyD; oabmruscsifbl;uJGU? bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh armifodef;
MuLqdk&if olYom;emrnfygaevdkYwJh}}
trmMuLum; yef;tdk;rsm;wGifoZifyef;rsm;xdk;ae&if; wpfpHkwpf&mukd tawG;
e,fcsJUaeavonf/ twdwf umvu ywfoufcJhaom oZifyef;rsm;udk
jrifwdkif;jrifwdkif; tawG;e,fwGif taqG;<u,frdavonf/ xdkokdYjzpfaepOf

150
odef;[ef\emrnfudk Mum;vkdufaomtcg rnfolrQr½Sdonfh pE´,m;wD;aom
cHkuav;qDodkY vSnfhMunfhav\/ NyD;rS owd&um
]]aMomf olwdkYrvnf; ukdodef;[efudk ypfy,fEkdifvGef;w,faemf? emrnfrSnfh
wmupNyD; a'gorajyEkdifMuav a&mhovm;? trmuawmh 'DemrnfuvJGvdkY
b,femrnfrS rrSnfhcsifbl;? olwdkYrkef;Ekdifayr,fh trmu rrkef;Edkifbl;
ukdbouf&,f}} [k ykcufxJu EdkYpdkY½G,fuav;i,fudkvSrf;Munfh&if;
rMunfromjzpfae&av\/
]]uefYuGufwm&,fvdkYawmh r[kwfygbl;uG,f? trmhoabmtwkdif;jzpf&rSmaygh?
wpfaeYu tarGpm; tarGcH pmcsKyfcsKyfMu&if; uav;emrnfukd pum;pyfrdvdkY
ajymaeMuwmMum;vkdYyg/ udkboufuawmh 'Demrnfuav;yJ BudKufw,f}}
bouf\aemufqHk;pum;ukd Mum;&aomtcg trmMuLwGif bouftwGuf
,lusHK;r&jzpfjyefavonf/ boufum; cJtdkjzpfvihfupm; tppt&m&mwGif
tpfudkt&if;ozG,f apmihfa½Smuftm;ay;½SmcJhonf/ wpfjznf;jznf;csif;
pdwfMunfvifcsrf;ajrhvmatmif oGefoifqHk;rcJh½Smav\/ rdrd\oabmukd
vdkufavsmvdkvm;½Smonf/ odef;[ef\ "g;ckwf&mwGif vuf0ifívQKdcJhonfrSm
awmf½Hkwef½Hkarwåmr[kwfaMumif; jy½Smonf/ twGif;pum;rQom vifr,m;
t&mESihfrywfouf&aomfvnf; wpf&yfvHk;? wpf½GmvHk;u todtrSwfjyKEkdif
avmufatmifyif r*Fvmaqmifxm;ol jzpf&m boufomvQif rMuifemu
twif;ZGwfw½Gwf EdkifxufpD;eif; rdrd\cspfolukd vk,lzsufqD;EdkifaMumif;
awG;rdav\/ odkYaomf ,cktcsdefxd boufum; vufzsm;ESihfrS þpdwfrsKd;ESihf
,SOfírwdkY½SmonfrSm rGefjrwfaom a,musFm; aumif;wkdY\ pdwfudk
arG;jrLxdef;odrf;aMumif; xif½Sm;apavonf/
vlBuD;rdbrsm;\oabmum; wpfaeYaeYwGif wpfa½GUa½GUESihf rdrd\arwåm
boufvufwGif;odkYygvmvdrfhrnf[k rSwfxifMu[efwl\/ xdkYaMumifhvnf;

151
þuJhokdY tEkenf;ESihfpDpOfxm;aMumif; rdrdomru boufyg &dyfrdEkdif
avmufonf/ odkYvifhupm; trmMuL\ aqG;ajrhaeaompdwfukd npfnL;
ñSdK;EGrf;atmif ukd,ftrlt&mESifhaomfvnf;aumif;? EIwftrl t&mESihfaomf
vnf;aumif; rjy½SmbJ yuwd½dk;om;wnfMunfpGm opömapmifhodvsuf
umrykdifvifa,musFm;ozG,f apwemxm;jcif;? Muifemjcif;? u½kPm
oufjcif;jzihf ajcmufaoGUaeaom trmMuL\pdwfukd ajzazsmfae½Smol
jzpfav\/
xdkodkYjzpfjcif;aMumifh wpfa,mufaus;Zl; wpfOD;arwåm qdkbdouJhodkY trmMuL
ukd,fwkdifu bouf\ *kPfaus;Zl;wkdYukd trSwfrxif rjyKEkdifawmhbJ
wpfaeYxufwpfaeY tm;ukd;av;pm;jcif;jyKcJh&avonf/
a,musFm;omref wpf&HqHwdkYESihfrwlaom bouftm; Munfñdkcspfcifaom
pdwfonf trmMuLtm; taetxdkif tajymtqdkrSpí &Jwif;yGef;wD;
vmav\/
xdktcdkuf ykcuftwGif;rS tJhceJ uav;Ekd;oHMum;vkdufaomaMumihf
]]a[m ihgom;BuD;Edk;ya[h? vluav; vluav;}} [laom toHESihftwl
uav;xHokdY tl,m;zm;,m; ajy;ayGUolrSmvnf; boufyifjzpfav&m
trmMuLwGif zatwluav;tm; cspfpEdk;pGm boufxHrS qD;BudKayGU,l&
jyefav\/
odef;[efr[kwfonfh boufu ighom;[k uav;tm;ac:a0:vkdufonfh
yxrtBudrfurl trmMuLrSm em;eihfí xihfceJjzpfoGm;rdzl;onf/ odkYaomf
uav;[lícspfp&m jrwfEdk;p&mr½Sdaom aqGrsKd;wpfodkufwGif armifodef;[ef
\ rdcifutp ighom; ighom;[laom pum;u vQmzsm;ay:rSrqif;MubJ
trmMuL\rdcifzcifwkdYuvnf; xdkenf;twdkif;jzpfum wpftdrfom;vHk;
]]ighom;}} [laom tac:rSvJGí emrnfuav;ukdyif ac:a0:jcif;

152
rjyK&ufMuaomaMumihf umvMumjrihfaomf trmMuL\em;wGif wpfjznf;
jznf;½kd;um onf;cHEkdifpGrf;avmufatmif jzpf&½Smav\/
]]trma& uav;EdkYwkdufygOD;vm;uG,f? ighom;qmvSygNyD}}
]]tdk [kwfvm;? om;av; csKdcsKdqmvSyvm;}}
xdktcdkuf vrf;ay:rS rxifr½Sm; xGufcGgíoGm;½Smaom odef;[efukd
wpftdrfom;vHk;rnfolrS owdrxm; vkdufEkdifMuay/
ppf½IH;aom ppfolBuD;uJhokdY odef;[efonf acgif;idkufpkdufcsum ajcwpfvSrf;
csif;avQmufcJhav\/ vlwdkY\ pJGvrf;jcif;um; arQmhowå0gESihfwlvS\/
wpfzufudkvGwfvGwfuif;uif; vTwfvdkufonfESihfwpfNydKifeuf usefonfh
wpfzufrS ykdrdkíNrJNrHpGm½Sdwwfonf/ tqdk;½SdvQif taumif;½SdNrJ qdkaom
pum;wGif tqdk;½SdrS taumif;rSm ykdíodod omomay:vGifvmEdkifavonf/
tqdk;ukd qdk;rSef;odonfESihf wpfcsufwnf; taumif;rSm aumif;onfxuf
aumif; aMumif; t&omukd ykdíjywwfavonf/
trmMuL\ oabmxm;BuD;jcif;? udk,fhtvdkudkvdkufavsmjcif;? [d&DMowåyÜ
NrJNrHjcif;? pdwfoabmxm;El;nHh aysmhaysmif;jcif;wdkYrSm jrihfukdpdwfemav ykdí
owd&av½Sdawmhonf/
]]armfvNrdKifukdvkdufroGm;ygeJY armif&,f}}
]]rMumygbl; trm&,f 5 &ufwnf;yg}}
]]awmfawmfMum armfvNrdKifol jzLjzLazG;azG;BuD;awGeJY}}
]]tkduG,f trmuvnf; trmhukdarhEdkifyghrvm;}}
]]nuawGU&wm trmhukd'ku©ay;rSm xifyg&JU}}
]]a[m ajyma&mhr,f edrdwfr½Sd ermr½Sd raumif;wwfvGef;vdkY vkdufoGm;
&rSmygvdkY ajymyaum}}

153
]]at;av armifwkdYu a,musFm;uav;yJ embufur½Sdygbl;/ 'Du
rdef;uav;rdkY awG;&if ylp&mrqHk;Ekdif wmyg}}
]]ylp&mawGawG;&atmif olpdrf;wpf&HqHvkdufvkdY trm&m? rMumcif
ae&mcsMuawmhr,fhOpöm? 'Dwpfcgjyefvm&if trmBudKufwwfwJh oZifyef;awG
trsm;BuD;0,fvmcJhay;r,fodvm;? trmvnf; ukdodef;[ef jyefra&mufcif
onfaqmif;a[refukdEdkifatmifusihfxm;aemf}}
]]5 &ufu ykdrMumeJYaemf? 'grS ausmif;rzGihfcifuav;'DrSm twlwl
ae&rSmaemfodvm;? trmawmh trmhukd,feJY armifhpdwfjzpfukefNyD}}
xdkpum;rsm;um; rESpfavmufu trmMuLESihf þtcsdefwGif ajymcJhqdkcJh&aom
pum;rsm;omjzpfav&m trmMuLwkdY\yef;NcHBuD;ukdMunfh&if; wjznf;jznf;
owd&vmav\/
uHqdk;rdk;arSmifusí trmMuLESihfuJGcJh&onfrSm xdknrSpíaemuftzdkYwGif
trmMuLESihf vHk;vHkrawGU&jcif;aMumihf &ifxkremjzpf&avonf/
]]igqdk;wm? igoufoufapmfum;wm? 5 &ufuykdNyD;Mum½Hkrubl;?
usKdufxD;½dk;awmif waysmfwyg;oGm;cJhrdao;w,f/ aemufusawmh ausmif;ukd
qufwuf&w,f/ 'DMum;xJrSm vlBuD;awG&JU aphpyfaMumif;vrf;jcif;owif;
ygvmw,f/ rMumcif jrihfwdkYvmqJGvdkY i&JukdygoGm;&w,f/ ightay:rSm
pdwfemoihfw,f/ tckawmh udkboufeJYawmif om;uav;wpfa,muf
&aeygyaumvm;? tdk 'gawG ightjypfyJ? olYtjypfr[kwfaybl;? t½SufwuJG
tusKd;enf; jzpfatmif owif;pmawGxJrSm [dk;av;wpfausmfjzpfNyD;rS ysuf&
w,f? usef&pfcJh&w,fqdkawmh oluaeEdkifayr,fh olYrdbawGuae
Ekdifygawmhrvm;? t½SufajyyJjzpfjzpf *kPfwk*kPfNydKifyJjzpfjzpf ay;pm;Mu&
raygh? awmfNyD awmfNyD rvGwfvyfwJh olYaysmf½TifrIukd igrzsufqD;csifawmhbl;?
ig0ifNyD;rsufESmjyvdkuf&if olYpdwfrSm taESmihft,Sufjzpf½Hkom ½Sdawmhr,f}} [k

154
vufavQmhum ukd,fhrdciftdrfukdrS r0ifvdkawmhbJ yJcl;ajray:rS aysmufuG,f
oGm;awmhavonf/
þonfyifvQif odef;[efESihftrmMuL\zl;pmrSm awhvJGuav; vJG&atmif
jzpfawmhonf/ tu,fí odef;[efom wpftdrftdrf0ifvkdufrdvQifum;
trmMuL\jyóemrSm ajyvnfoGm;p&m½Sdao;onf/ ,ckawmh udk,fh tjypf
ukd,f0efrcH&J? owådenf;yg;vSaom odef;[efonf vSnfhíomjyefcJhawmhonf/
&efukefNrdKU? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmftoHvTihfXmerS oHk;q,fhwpf 'ór
av;av;? av;q,fhukd; 'ór ckepf? vIdif;vwf oHk;&mhwpfq,fhav;
rDwmrsm;rS toHvTihfaeygonf}} [k aeYpOf ajymaeustoHvTihf½HkrSm
0efBuD;rsm;&yfuGufESihfeD;onfh 0if'grD,mwGif½Sdonf/
xdkc&D;ywf0ef;usif½Sd vrf;ab;umumvufzuf&nfqdkifwGif *Dworm;rsm;
tNrJpcef;csíaeavh½Sd\/ odef;[efonf &nf½G,fcsufuif;rJhpGmjzihf xdkae&m
okdYa&mufcJhav&m
]][m ukdodef;[ef}} [k 0rf;omt,fvJ vufqJGEIwfqufvdkufrS ,cifu
awGUzl;jrifzl;aom *Dwmq&m ukdxGef;jrihfqdkolukd owdjyKrdawmhavonf/
]]vmAsm vufzuf&nfaomufygOD;? cifAsm; olwkdYukdodrSmaygh? a[m'g wa,m
udkbwdk;? olu ywfwD; armifEk? oluqufuZdkzHk; armifoD;? 'guawmh
rif'dkvif vS0if;? [dkrSm ESJudkarmifarmif? oluawmh pma&;q&m aomwarmif}}
odef;[efonf *DwavmutwGif;u rsufESmodrsm;ukd &if;&if;ESD;ESD;
awGUvkduf&onf/ xdkol xdkolrsm;uawmh odef;[efukd pE´,m;0dZÆmtjzpf
trSwfw&ukd odaeMuygonf/ xdkYaMumihfyif av;pm;cifrifpGmNyHK;oluNyHK;í
vufqJGEIwfqufolu EIwfqufvkdufMuonf/ *Dworm;tcsif;csif;
aygif;oif;rIrSm [efaqmifrIr½Sd? <um;0grIr½Sd? 0wfaus 0wfuHk pdwfrsKd;r[kwf?
,ckrSawGU&apumrl yGihfyGihfvif;vif; &if;&if;ESD;ESD; i,faygif;BuD;azmfyrm

155
vGwfvyfpGm qufqHwwfMuNrJjzpfonf/ avmuay:wGif vlvlcsif;
vlwef;pm;trsKd;rsKd; cJGjcm;EkdifMuaomfvnf; wl&d,m*Dworm;rsm;tzdkYwGif
twef;tpm;cJGjcm;ír&? qif;&Jaom*Dworm;rsm;u csrf;omaom wl&d,m
orm;rsm;udk txifrBuD;? xdkYtwl pm;EkdifaomufEkdif tvkyftukdifae&mus
aeaom *Dworm;rsm;u pm;&rJhaomuf&rJhjzpfaeonfh *Dworm;ukd
txifrao; olwkdYtzdkYrSm yumoe tay:,Huypönf;awGudk *½kpdkufwmxuf
*DwynmuRrf;usifrI aphpHkrI *Dw0g&ifhrIukdom trGeftjrwfjyKMuonf/
aumvdyfpE´,m;0dZÆm ukdodef;[eftm; t&yfom; olaX;uav; wpfa,muf
xuf cifrifMunfñdkMuonf/ t&m½Sdwpfa,mufukdav;pm;onfxuf
olYvufoHukdav;pm;Muonf/
]]cifAsm; aumvdyfuxGufyvm;? cifAsm;vufoHrMum;&wm awmfawmfMum
oGm;NyD? tckb,foGm;rvdkYvJ}} [k ukdxGef;jrihfu qufíar;onf/
]]usKyfawmhrar;eJYawmh udkxGef;jrihf? pdwfavvlavjzpfNyD; xGufvmcJhwmyJ?
bmrS &nf½G,fcsufr½Sdbl;}}[k odef;[efu olwdkYwkdufonfh vufzuf&nfudk
armh&if; yGihfyGihfvif;vif; ajymcsvdkufonf/ wu,fhwu,fajym&vQif
odef;[efaemufusKcJhorQ pdwftnpftaMu;wdkYrSm olwdkYESihfawGUí tawmf
twef vef;qef;oGm;&onf/ *Dworm; rsm;onf *Dwwl&d,m
q&mESihfawGU&jcif;u ykdípdwf0ifpm;onf/ ykdípdwfajyvufaysmufjzpf&onf/
]]tawmfyJ ukdodef;[ef&,f? 'gjzihf uRefawmfwkdY0kdif;ukd ulprf;ygOD;? ckwavm
toHvTihf½HkrSm wD;0kdif;awG tNydKiftqdkifjzpfaewJhMum;xJrSm taysmfwrf;0dkif;
awGuvnf; odyfaumif;aeMuoAsm? 'Dawmh uRefawmfwdkYvdk aMu;pm;
wu,fhynmonfawGu nHhw,f tajymcH&rSm odyfpdk;ae&w,f}}
udkxGef;jrihfu tm;udk;wpfckESihf EIwfoGufvQmoGufawmif;yefaeavonf/

156
]][kwfygw,f ukdodef;[ef&,f? uRefawmfwdkYtxJ pE´,m;vnf;aumif;r,f?
wD;uGufpDrHcefYcJGyHkvnf; aumif;r,fqdk&if uRefawmfwdkY tqef;uGuf
uav;awG vkyfcsifovdkvkyfEkdifrSmygyJ? aemufNyD; pE´,m;0dZÆmukdodef;[ef
0dkif;qdk&if}}
]]awmfprf;ygAsm? 'DvdkemrnfBuD;rIawGaMumifh 'ku©a&mufcJh&ygNyD/ emrnfukd
rxifay:csifawmhygbl;}}
ukdbwdk;\pum;ukdjzwfí odef;[efu[efYvkdufonf/ trSefyif odef;[efrSm
xifay:ausmfaZmrIukd pufqkyf ½GUH½SmcJhygNyD/ avmuobm0 wu,fht&om
um; emrnfBuD;rSr[kwf? pdwfat;csrf;omzdkYomjzpfaMumif; aumif;aumif;
BuD; oabmaygufcJhygNyD/
]][kwfygw,fuGm? emrnfta&;rBuD;ygbl;? vufoHomta&;BuD;wmyg}}
armifEkqdkolu Mum;xJu 0ifí axmufcHvkdufonf/
]]tck cifAsm;aeawmhaum}}
]]aeawmhvm; [m; [m; [m; tckqdk&if a[m'Dtwkdif;yJAsKdU? ajcovHk;tdrfwdkif
t0wfwpfxnf ukd,fwpfck 'gyJ}}
odef;[efu xkdif&mrSxí olYukd,fol vuf[efajc[efESihfjyvkdufonf/
olYukd0kdif;Munfhaeaom *Dwq&mawGu oabmusí cGufxdk;cGufvSef
&,fvkdufMuonf/
]]'grS ykdBudKufw,f? ykdaumif;w,f? uRefawmfwdkYeJYtwl vdkufae? twlwD;?
awmfawmfMum "gwfjym;ukrÜPDawGaMumihf cifAsm;vufrSm aiGawmifoD;ae
apyghr,fAsm}}
odef;[efrSm jiif;vnf;rjiif;Edkif? jiif;p&mvnf;r½Sd? ol\aea&;pm;a&;rSm
a½SUwpfavQmufvHk; 0goemyg&m xl;cRef&m*DwESihf toufarG;awmhrnf[k

157
qHk;jzwfvkduf&onf/ *Dwonf taysmftyg;oabmomr[kwf? wu,f
BudK;pm;ípD;yGg;½SmEkdifaom a,musFm;wdkY\ twwfwpfckr[kwfygavm/
xdkaeYupí armifEkwdkYtdrfodkY wufupDpD;a&mufcJh&onf/ oDcsif;wkdufjcif;?
*Dwwl&d,mavhusihfjcif;? toHvTihfXmeokdYoGm;í vGihfjcif;wkdYrSm odef;[ef\
twdwfb0awGukd arhavsmhaponf/ odkYayr,fh wpfcguawmh tawmfuav;
ta[mif;utopfjzpfvdkuf&ygao;onf/ xdktcgum; trmMuLukd ykdíowd&
vkdufrdygonf/ tjzpfum; a&'D,dktwGuf onfaqmif;a[refoDcsif;ukd
toHvTihfpOfujzpfonf/ pE´,m;ukd ukd,fwkdifwD;í tjcm;tjcm;aom
wl&d,mypönf;wkdY pHkvifnDñGwfpGmjzihf tqdkausmfpdefygwD (trnf&if; rpH) u
ykdifykdifEdkifEdkifqdkjyvkdufaomtcgwkef;u jzpfygonf/ pdefygwD\toHrSm
ADZtm;jzihf u½kPm&ojynfh0vSygonf/
xdkrlvADZobm0toHwGif ol\&ihfvSaom *Dwynmu tESpfESpftvv
MumjrihfcJhNyDjzpfaomaMumihf Xmefu½kdPf;usejcif;? o'´gyk'fpyfrSefuefjcif;?
teuft"dyÜg,fay:vGifjcif;? tñk? tvSdrfh? tEGJU? tcHh? tqJG? tiif?
tjzwftawmufaumifjcif;wkdYjzihf Mum;&olwdkif; ai;aeMu&onfcsnf;jzpf&m
wD;ae&if; odef;[eftzdkY trmMuLqdkcJhzl;onfh t&dyfta&mifawGudk jrifa,mif
Mum;a,mifjzpfvm&avonf/ xdkYaMumihfyif pdefygwD\u½kPmoHxJwGif olY
rsuf&nfawGyg 0JvmcJh&onf/
odef;[efu ,ckvdkcHpm;&onfrSm olwpfa,mufwnf;[k xifjrifvQif
xifrdrnfjzpfaomfvnf; olYxufjyif;jypGma0'emcH&olrSm yJcl;rS trmMuLyif
jzpfygonf/ olYcrsm pdwfajyvufaysmuf a&'D,dkukd tNrJem;axmifol
jzpfonf/ xdkaeYuawmh trmMuLonf pdefygwDu ]]onfaqmif;a[ref}}
oDcsif;ukd toHk;awmfcHygvdrfhrnf[k qdkuwnf;u &ifzdkíoGm;rdonf/
qufíem;axmifaepOfyif odef;[efqdkenf;qdkayguftwdkif; oDcsif;oHukd

158
Mum;&onf/ oDcsif;omru twD;uvnf; odef;[efwD;jyoGm;aom
vufaygufvufustwkdif; jzpfaeaomaMumihf em;xJwGif eifhum eihfum
&ifxJrSmqdkYí qdkYívm&onf/ trmMuLomru tem;uudkboufyif
xdkoDcsif;ukdrSwfrdí a&'D,dkukdwpfvSnfh trmMuL\ idkrJhrJhrsufESmuav;udk
wpfvSnfh tuJcwfaerdonf/ boufcrsmrSm xdktcgu odef;[ef\&ifaoG;
trmMuL\uav;ukd ycHk;ay:wifí acsmhodyfae&pOfjzpfavonf/ olonf
uav;\wifyg;uav;ukd wzsyfzsyfykwf&if; tcef;wGif;0,f acgufwHkY
acgufjyefvrf;avQmufum tcsDawmf tacsmhawmfoufouf jzpfaepOfyif
½Sdonf/
trmMuLonf tdrfa½SUylí tdrfaemufrcsrf;omjzpfae[ef½Sdaom boufukd
vSrf;íMunfhvdkufrdonf/ boufuawmh trlt&mvnf;rajymif;? bmpum;
rSvnf;0ifírajym? olYawG;vHk; aqG;vHk;ESihf awG; aqG; aeonfukd raESmihf
r,Suf? uav;ukdzuf&if;om 0rf;yef;wenf; Munfhae½Smawmhonf/
trm\rsuf&nfaygufceJusí acgif;iHkYvkdufonfukdjrifrS uav;udkcsD&if;
[if;ceJ oufrcsum rsufESmvTJoGm;&awmhonf/
trmMuLtzdkYawmh þoDcsif;oHrSm ESvHk;om;xJpJGxm;rdaom olYb0\
a½SUajy;o'¨g½HkwpfckjzpfcJhonf/ xdkoDcsif;ukd rdrduqdkí olu pE´,m;
wD;jyaomnuyifr[kwfavm/ odef;[efr&ukwfuwf twif;"g;jywkdufí
rdrd\cspfbPfwkdufukd zGihfcJhonf/ xdkrSwpfqihf &ifaoG;uav; wpfrsufESm
wdk;í rdrd\'ku©tdk;BuD;uJGcJh&onf/
]]a½Teef;awmfvHk; rif;oHk;i,fpdk;,l oG,foG,fñGwfukdif; a½Todkif;ñGefYwvlvl}}
a&'D,dku pdefygwDtoHrSm avvIdif;pD;í wNidrfhNidrfh wqdrfhqdrfhMum;ae&onf/
pE´,m;vufoHuvnf; uGufpdyfuGufEkuav;awGESihf vrf;cif;ay;aeonf/
odef;[ef\vufoH odef;[ef\vufoHrS tppf/

159
]]awmfprf;ygawmh pE´,m;oH&,f}}
trmMuLonf pdwfxJuom em;rcHomvGef;í awmihfwrdonf/ wu,f
qdkawmh 'DvufoHMum;ae&onfhMum;u a&'D,dkukd &uf&ufpufpuf
olrydwfvdkufrdyg/

tcsdefonf waeYaeYESihf wa½GUa½GUukefcJhNyD/

]]*DwoHcsKd a&'D,dktzJGU}}
uRef;om;aq;a&; emrnfqdkif;bkwfuav; wpfawmihfxGmavmuf csdwfxm;
aom ysOfaxmiftdrfuav; wpfvHk;um; qif;&Jom;&yfuGufwpfckwGif
jrif&onfh *Dworm; armifEk\ Adrmefjzpfygonf/ armifEkrSm om;r,m; r½Sd
rdciftdkBuD;ESihfomaeí vkyfauR;orIjyKpkum *DwESihf0rf;pm½Smaeoljzpfonf/
olYtdrfrSm odef;[efukd q&mt&if; trSwfjyKí ukd;uG,fxm;onf/
odef;[efa&mufvmí *DwynmolYrSmwdk;&onf/ yJGqufrsm;rsm;wD;&onf/
oDcsif;BuD; oDcsif;cHhwwf&onf/ *DwoHcsKdwl&d,mtzJGUudk aomw½Sifwkdif;u
awmifhwMuonf/ wD;rIwfoDqdkolwdkif; rsufESmyef;yGihfaeMuonf/ tjcm;
aomtzJGUawGu av;pm;Muonf/ twk,lMu&onf/ a&'D,dkuay:
xGufvmwdkif; vlawG0dkif;í em;axmifMu&onf/ armifEktzdkY odef;[efaMumifh
pD;yGg;vnf;& ynmvnf;& rQrQwwjzpfvmonf/ odkYaomf odef;[efum;
'gawGudk *½krpdkuf/ t&dyfxyfMuyf vdkufaeovdkjzpfaom ol\aqG;pdwfrSm
t&dyfatmuf0ifvQif acwåcPaysmufuG,foGm;aomfvnf; aeylxJa&mufvQif
xifNrJxifouJhodkY pE´,m;wD;aepOfom arhaysmufovdkvdkjzpfaomfvnf;
wpfukd,f wnf;aeonfhtcgrsm;jzihf pdwf½Iyfp&m ay:íay:ívmonf/

160
a,mu©rBuD;NiLplyHk? r,m;uypfy,fyHk? ukdpdk;jrihfuvTrf;rdk;yHkwkdYrSm trmMuLukd
ykdí owd&onf/ trmMuLwGif ukdboufESihf om;uav;&í at;at;
csrf;csrf;aeoavmuf olYrSm ukd,fhtjypfESihfukd,f rD;awmufae&onf/
xdkYaMumihf pdwfavwdkif; vlavcsifonf/ odef;[eftzdkY b,fae&mrS
twnftNrJraecsif? 'Dae&mu [dkoGm;? [dkae&mu 'Dvm at;csrf;&mawGUNim;
c&D;oGm;íom ukd,fhpdwfukd,fazsmufcsifonf/
olYukd,fa&;'ku©awGudk odMuaomaMumihfwpfaMumif;? olYynmukdrSDcdk&í
wpfenf;? &if;ESD;cifrifrIwkdYuvnf; tBuD;tus,f oHa,mZOfjzpfaeaom
aMumihf odef;[efxGufoGm;rnfBuHvQif armifEkwkdYu 0dkif;0ef;azsmif;zs
wm;qD;&onf/
]]q&mhrSm ckaetcg vufzsm;rSm aiGoD;aewmygq&m? "gwfjym;ukrÜPDawGu
q&m&aewm enf;ovm;? oDcsif;a&;cqdk&ifvnf; wpfv wpfvrenf;bl;/
pdwfavwdkif; vlavae&if b,faumif;rvJ? 'DrSmyJ aysmfaysmfyg;yg;
aeygq&m? b,frSroGm;csifygeJY}} [k tdrfh½Sif armifEku wynfhaumif;yDyD
em;cs&onf/
rSefygonf/ odef;[ef\0ifaiGrSm wpfv av;ig;ajcmuf&m jzpfaeygNyD/
'Davmuf0ifaiGrsKd;om armfvNrdKifrSm&vQif a,mu©rudk,fwkdifu tdrfOD;cef;
wifí ukd;uG,fcsifukd;uG,fayvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomf armfvNrdKifrSm xdkaiGrsKd;&
atmif tvkyfr½Sd/ &efukefrSmom vkyfí&Edkifaom ynmrsKd;jzpfonf/
olYynmrSm blrdeufoefrSefrS ausmfapmonf/
wD;vHkwkduf&efvmMuaom *Dw&JabmfwdkYuvnf; 0dkif;í axmufcHMuonf/
]]avmurSm bmta&;BuD;qHk;vJ q&m? aiGr[kwfvm;? aiG½Sd&if aysmfovdk
aeEdkifwmyJ? ckaetcg q&mhvufrSm aiGoD;aeNyD/ pdwfnpfw,f
qdkwJh[mawGudk aiGeJYaq;ypfvkdufprf;? tcspfqdkwm aiGay;&ifjynfhvkdY}}

161
]][kwfygw,fq&m? q&maysmfovdkaeprf;yg}}
]]aysmfaysmfae aocJaygh q&m [J [J}}
]]uJ OD;aESmufuav;Munfvifatmif a[m'guav;csvdkufprf;q&m}}
olawmfaumif;r[kwfaom odef;[efukd t&ufaomufzdkYwdkufwGef;jcif;rSm
rcJ,Of;vSaom aphaqmfcsuf wpf&yfyifjzpfygonf/ vlwpf&mvQif ukd;q,f
avmuf pdwfnpfít&ufukdaomufMuonf/
t&ufrSefrSefaomufonfhaeYrSpí odef;[efykdí½Tifvmonf/
pdwf½TifíÚmPf½Tifum pE´,m;oHawGyg ½Tifívmawmhonf/ ÚmPf½Tif?
vuf½Tifojzihf aiGt0ifvnf;½TifvmjyefNyD? aiG0ifrsm;vmaomtcg aysmfp&m
awGrsm;vmavonf/ b,fae&moGm;oGm; aysmfp&mcsnf;omawGU&onf/
odef;[ef\ukd,fwGif;rSm tcspfqdkaom tonf;ESvHk;uawmh ½SmvdkYrSr&/
]]tcspfqdkwm aiGay;&ifjynfhvdkY}}
*DwwD;azmfwpfa,mufu ypövu©wfajymvkdufaompum;rSm odef;[eftzdkY
wu,frSefaom ykAÁedrdwfjzpfygonf/ b,f[dkw,foGm;oGm; b,ft&ufcef;
0if0if tcspfqdkaom um,uH½Sifuav;awG 0dkif;0dkif;vnfaeMuonf/
trSefompdppfvQif odef;[efrSm wu,fhtEkynmorm;jzpfonf/ tEkynm
onfwdkY\pdwfonf csufcsif;vGrf;atmifvnf; pGrf;aqmifEdkifMuonf/
csufcsif;cspfatmifvnf; pGrf;aqmifEkdifMuonf/ csufcsif;a'gormef aygufzdkY
vnf; pdwf"gwfoGif;EkdifMuonf/ Zmwdrmefwuf<uzdkYrSmvnf; oDcsif;uav;
wpfykd'f? wD;uGufuav;wpfcsKd;ESihf ½kd;wdk;½Gwjzpfatmif zefqif;EkdifMuonf/
þvdkt&nftcsif;awGrSm Mum;em&olwdkYtm; acsmufcsm;0ifpm;atmif wwf
Edkifonf[k xifaeMuonf/ odkYaomf olwpfyg;ukdjyKpm;&if; jyKpm;&if;u
um,uH½Sif\ukd,fwGif;odkY wppwwdwdjyef0ifvmum? ukd,fhya,m*ukd,f
jyefcHMu&onfomrsm;onf/

162
xdkYaMumifhr[kwfavm? tEkynmonfwkdif;vdkvdkyif oabmEl;nHhoavmuf
pdwf"gwfawGyg wpfjznf;jznf; El;nHhvmwwfonf/ ukd,fqJGaqmif&m
olwumygwwfovdk olwumqJGaqmif&modkY ukd,fwkdifygrSef;rodygvsuf
udk,fhpdwfu qJGaqmif&myif ukd,fhukd,fu ygrSef;rodygaeMu&onf/
cyf½kdif;½kdif;ajym&vQif tEkynmonfwkdYomrSefvQif pdwfaysmh? vlaysmhorm;
awGom jzpfwwfonf/ Murf;wrf;aom ywfrBuD;? pnfwdkBuD;ukd
xk½kdufaeolyifjzpfap ukd,fum,omBuD;xGm;csifvQif BuD;xGm;rnf? pdwf
oabmuawmh EkEke,fe,fuav;omjzpfonf/ ywfroH pnfwdkoHonf
em;0ifMurf;aomwl&d,m[k ajymEkdifMuapumrl ywf0ef;usifwGif olygrS
ykdíEkEdkifonf/ olygrS ydkít&omjynfhonf/ xdkYaMumihf xdkoabmw&m;ukd
em;vnfxm;ojzihf 'dkif;ueJ? wdueJ wD;ae&apumrl olYukd,folawmh
tEkynmorm;[k ,HkMunfxm;onf/
tEkynmorm;onf b,ft&omyJjzpfap olYonm0,f txdtcdkuf
vQifjrefvSonf/ ol\Eke,fvSaom onu©E¨mum; ta&mif[yf½HkESihf
tm½Hktjynfht0cHpm;vdkuf&onf/ avmu"Hukd todvG,fqHk; cHpm;pHpm;
Ekdifolum; tEkynmorm;omjzpfMuonf/ xdkYaMumihf vGrf;p&mykdvQif
ykdvGrf;í aqG;p&m½SdvQif ykdíaqG;aeMuonf/
odef;[efvnf; tEkynmorm;wpfa,muf?
aysmfvQif ododomomaysmfí aqG;vQif ododomomaqG;aecJhonf/
aqG;vQifaysmfatmif tvG,fvrf;ukd vkdufzdkYomwwfonf/ taqG;'Pfukd
MumMumcHEkdifpGrf;&nfr½Sd/
aoG;qlapaomt&ufukd aomufxm;onfh cPuav;rSmawmh odef;[ef\
npfñl;rIawGrSm oufomovdk½Sdonf/ odkYayr,fh t&ufcdk;ysufoGm; onfESihf
wpfNydKifeuf acgif;tHkacgif;ukduf rtDromjzpfwmu ykdíodomvmjyefonf/

163
xdka0'emukd t&ufESihfjyefíukrS aeomxkdifom½Sd&jyefonf/ 'DMum;xJrSm
aiGay;í0,fvQif&Ekdifonfh w'*Ftcspf aoG;om;aomif;usef;rIajyaysmuf&m
umrwdkYuvnf; odef;[ef\pdwfukd c0gay;&mwGiftoHk;0ifonfh aumhpwpf
aqmf'g qyfjymwpfrsKd;jzpfjyefavonf/
vifom;wpfa,muftaeESihf qefYusifbufvdifwdkY\ jyKpk,k,MunfEl;jcif;ukd
vufcHcJhzl;onfh tdrfaxmifysuf a,musFm;ysKdwpfa,mufonf vlysKdumvom;
uav;rsm;xuf xdkumr xdkt,kt,wdkYukd cHkrifwrf;wwwfayonf/
tdrfaxmihft&omukd rSwfrdarGUavsmfcJhzl;aomaMumihf rMumrMum xdkt&omukd
wyfrufrdonf/
odef;[eft&ufaomuf&atmif [dkw,fwpfckodkY0ifrdvQif pE´,m;wD;jyzdkY
oDcsif;uav;nnf;jyzdkY uav;rawGu ylqmMuonf/ yGwfoD;yGwfoyf
acsmhMuonf/ wdk;wdk;a0SUa0SUae&mvkMuonf/ u,ku,if ½Tif½Tifysys
yD,0gpmuav;awGaESmí avmuGwfawmfausMuonf/ 'guav;awGrSm
odef;[eftzdkY t&omuav;awG jzpf&jyefonf/ auseyfcJhonf/ umrpäE´
eD0&PwdkYonf avmuukd pdkjynfcsKdNrdefouJhokdYxifvm&onf/ tm,k0PÖ
aq;aumif;wpfcGuf[k rSwfoHk;vmcJhonf/
rdkufrvif;EkdifvdkY NrdKufcif; nmqDukd? cgawmfrD oDra0Ekdifbk? 'DauGUrSmaeukef
arsmjyef&? tawmb,frowfEkdifwJh &[wfaAG/
odef;[efonf a&pD;a&pkefaeukefarsmvmcJhygNyD/ tawmrowfEkdifaom
&[wfay:urS rqif;awmhyg/
wpfaeY - wpfv - wpfESpf
armifEkESihfwuG taygif;tygwdkYyif ukd,fwifaom ppfuJ ukd,fjyefírcsEkdif
rcs0HhMu? csívnf;r&/

164
npfxyfaomt0wfukd c0gukday;vQif jzLqGwfvmouJhodkY pdwfukd
tm½Hkig;yg;ESihfajzazsmfvkdufvQif vef;qef;azG;íjzLvmouJhodkY xif&ygonf/
okdYaomf c0gtay;vGefvQif qyfjymjr§KyfaMumihf pkwfjywfcsKdU,Gif;vmouJhokdY
pdwf"gwftiftm;rSmvnf; aygufvTwfyJpm; taysmfvGefí pkwfjywfcsKdU,Gif;
vm&rnfum; rkcs/
t&ufESihfwJGpyfí umremrsm;\'PfaMumihf wpfaeYwpfjcm; ukd,fvuf
xdkif;rIdif;jcif;? a'gocufxefvmjcif;? rMumcPzsm;emjcif;? tzktydefY
tusdwfwdkYxGufjcif;u wjznf;jznf;ESihf qpfzvpfac: a&m*gwpfrsKd;
BuD;yGg;vmawmhonf/
pdwfnpfít&ufukdaomufonf/ t&ufaomufawmh pdwfnpfvmjyefNyD?
pdwfnpfvmí rdef;rawGeJY raysmfaysmfatmif azsmfajzjyefonf/
t&ifESihfodef;[ef? odef;[efESihfrdef;r? rdef;rESihft&uf ypönf;csif;
qufaeMuavNyD/ trSefuawmh rdkufwGif;eufaejcif;yif r[kwfygavm/

___________

aysmfzefrsm;awmh ysuf? avQmfzefrsm;awmh uGuf/

wpfaeYaomeHeuf *DwoHcsKdwl&d,mtzJGUwnf&m ysOfaxmiftdrf twGif;cef;
uav;xJwGif odef;[efonf tdyf,mxufüvJaeonf/ av;ig;q,f&uf
qufízsm;aeovdk jzpfaeaomaMumifh tvkdvdkpdwfwdkaeyHk&onf/

165
armifEkonf w[D;[D;w[J[JESihfnnf;um pkwfwoyfoyfjzpfaeonfh
odef;[eftem;odkY aumfzDylylav; wpfyef;uefukdifum uyfvmcJhonf/
odef;[efum;rsufpdukdpHkrSdwfí ol\a0'emukd ol BudwfcHaeyHk&onf/
]]q&m q&m aumfzDylyluav; q&m}}
]][if armifEkvm;? aomufcsifygbl;uGm? ighukd t&ufenf;enf;ay;ygvm;}}
]][m b,faumif;rvJq&m? 'DtawmtwGif; qifjcifwmaumif;ygw,f}}
odef;[efonf MuifempGmjyKpkvmaomarmifEkukd rsufpdtm;,lízGihfMunfhonf/
odkYaomf olYrsufpdxJrSm 0dk;wdk;0g;wm; jzpfaeaomaMumihf jyefírSdef;aevdkuf
onf/ olYtxifuawmh armifEkonf olYrsufESmudk pl;pl;pdkufpdkufMunfh&if;
aMumufovdkvdk ½GUHovdkvdk jzpfaeyHkrsKd;½Sdonf[k xifvkdufonf/
]]q&m}}
]][if uGm}}
]]aiGaygwkdif; taysmfvGefwm[m wpfaeYus 'ku©a&mufwwfwmyJ q&m?
uRefawmf rMumrMumowday; aevsufeJY}}
armifEku pum;ukdrqufbJ wpfatmifhavmuf &yfypfvkdufonf/
odef;[efum; bmrSrajym? w[D;[D;ESihf nnf;ñlaejcif;om wHkYjyefvkduf
onf/
]]tmp&drSm t&ufa&m? rdef;ra&m oHk;yg;av;axG pkukdifawmh cufwmaygh?
'DtxJ *½kpkdufuk&atmif ajymwmvnf;r&bJukd;}}
armifEku olYtem;wpf0dkuf½Sd toHk;rjyKaom aomufaq;? vdrf;aq;ykvif;
awGudkMunfh&if; ajymvdkufrdonf/ wu,fyJ odef;[efonf olYukd,fol
Oayu©mvkyfaeovdk½Sdonf/ armifEkwdkYwawG ½SmazG0,f,lay;aom aq;0g;
rsm;ukd vufzsm;ESihfrSrwdkY/

166
]]rxl;ygbl; armifEk&m? jrefjrefao jrefjrefat;rSmygyJ? ighukd b,folrS
wG,fwmr,fhvlvnf; r½Sdbl;/ igu wG,fwm&atmifvnf; b,folrS
r½Sdawmhygbl;}} [k av;av;yifyifBuD; odef;[efu jyefajymvkdufonf/
]]'Db0rsKd;bmrufp&m½SdovJuGm? wpfaumif<uuf wpfrsufESmyJ}}
armifEku odef;[efqufajymorQ &ifxkremESihf olYrsufESmMunfhum
em;axmifaerdonf/ odef;[ef\ rsufESmrSm tzktydrfYuav;rsm; xGufae
onf/ odef;[efuawmh olYrsufESmolrjrifEdkif? armifEkuom eD;eD;uyfuyf
jrifae&onf/ 'gukdyJ pdwfrcsrf;romjzpfrdygonf/
]]q&m q&majymovdk jrefjrefaooGm;&ifawmh taumif;om;ayghq&m?
vlraobJ vlñGefYwHk;ovdkjzpfaerSm pdk;vGef;vdkY tckawmif q&mhrsufESm}}
armifEku ajym&if;wef;vef;u odef;[efrsufESmukdMunfhum pum;&yfypf
vkdufonf/ vTwfueJ xGufoGm;rdaomfvnf; qufajym&rSmawmh 0efav;
aerdonf/
]]bm bm ighrsufESmbmjzpfovJ? ighrsufESmu bmjzpfaevdkYvJ}}
odef;[ef\toHrSm ajym&mu rmqwfqwfjzpfvmonf/ olYvufarmif;ESihf
wpfukd,fvHk;rSm ,m;emvdkvdk tpDt&Djzpfaeonfukdawmh olowdxm;rdonf/
rsufESmrSmay:vmwmukdawmh olodukdrod/ ,ckarmifEkajymrS tBuD;tus,f
xdwfvefYoGm;rdonf/
odef;[efonfarmifEkukdar;r&aomaMumihf a'gESihfrmefESihfxum w'dkif;'dkif;
aeatmif tcef;uav;tjyif bufukd ajy;xGufcJhonf/ {nfhcef;wGif;rSm
rSefwifpm;yJG½Sdav&m xdkpm;yJGukdta&muf tajy;tvTm;oGm;Munfhvkdufonf/
armifEkonf pdwfrcsaomaMumihf olYaemufu rvSrf;rurf;vdkufcJhrdonf/
rSefa½SU0,f olYrsufESmol vuf0g;ESihftkyfí w½IHU½IHUidkaeaom odef;[eftm;
&ifxkremjrifvdkuf&onf/ odkYaomf odef;[efonf csufcsif;vdkyif tidk&yfí

167
olYrsufESmol aphaphpyfpyfMunfhvkdufjyefonf/ olYrsufESmxm;rSm wjznf;jznf;
cufwa&mfvmjyefonf/ tHBudwfvdkufonf/ NyD;onfhaemuf trSwfrxif
tm;&yg;& &,fcsvkdufonf/ wpfcPuav; twGif; pdwf"gwfazmufjyefí
½l;oGyfoGm;avovm;[k xif&avmufatmifyifjzpfonf/
]][m; [m; [m; [m; armifEk a[h armifEk? igrxl;awmhygbl;uG? [m; [m;
[m; [m;}}
armifEk½Sd&mukdvSrf;ajymvdkufNyD;vQif pE´,m;½Sd&modkY tajy;uav; a&mufvm
onf/ pE´&m;ay:rSm ol\ vufusef t&ufykvif;½Sdonf/ olonf
xdkt&ufukd a&aomufovdk tmomirf;irf; aomufcsvdkufonf/ armifEkrSm
tHtm;toihfBuD;oihfaerdonf/
t&ufvnfacsmif;xJqif;oGm;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf pE´&m;tzHk;ukdjzKef;ueJ
zGihfum 'dk;'dk;a'gifa'gif tm;&yg;& zdí wD;vdkufonf/ wD;&if;toHeufBuD;
ESihf&,fí ]]ycef; ycef;bufu,frSm q,fy,f ukd;y,f usL;ygvdkY ajymif;wJh
ajymif;wl;½Gm}} [k ewfcsif;awGukd qdkqdk wD;wD; wD;vkdufonf/
wD;ítm;&jyefawmh tay:tusÐwpfxnfukd uref; uwef;qJGí tdrfay:rS
qif;oGm;awmhonf/
olb,fukdoGm;í bmvkyfrnfenf;[k tBuD;tus,fpOf;pm;zdkYrvdkaomaMumihf
armifEkonf awGa0ai;armíom usef&pfcJh&onf/
ÓPf½Sda,musFm; rSm;vwfaomtcg aq;vGefemudk q&maemufquf
tukcufodkY [laompum;onf odef;[efvdk q&mwpfa,muftwGuf
oufoufjzpfavawmhovm;/
xdkaeYupí odef;[efonf aeYrvif; nrvif; ykdíaomufonf/
tdrfodkYrjyefbJ [dkw,f? avm*sif;wdkYüom rdk;vif;aomnrsm;onfxuf
rsm;vmonf/ ol\ aygifNcHwGifomru wpfudk,fvHk;wGif tzktydrfhrsm;

168
xlvyspf jzpfvmonf/ rsufESmESihfem;½GufwkdYrSm a&m*g½Sdef? t&uf½Sdef
wdkYaMumihf eDa&mif&ihfí xltrf;trf;jzpfvmNyD; ESm½kd;uvnf; edrfhusoGm;
avonf/ ol\½kyftqif;u e*dkESihfrwlbJ ysuf,Gif;vmonfhtwGuf
[dkw,fr,fawGutp tem;odkY w,fruyfcsifMu? 'Dvdka½Smifz,fz,fvkyfav
odef;[efa'gojzpfav? [dkw,fay:rSm ykdNyD;&rf;um;vmavjzpfawmhonf/
]][JhaumifrawG eifwkdYvdkcsifwmaiGr[kwfvm;? a&mh aiG? ,lprf;aiG? tckrS
eifwkdYu bmBuD;us,fovJ? eifwdkY0rf;xJrSm wu,fhtcspfqdkwm a½SmarG;
avmuf½SdvdkY ighukd ½GUHcsifMuwmvm;? eifwkdYESvHk;om;xJrSmvnf; tcspfr½Sd
ighOD;aESmufxJrSmvnf; tcspfr½Sd? tcspfr½SdwJhvlcsif; bmjiif;aeMuwmvJ?
eifwdkYaiGvdkcsifw,f? igaiGay;r,f? NyD;a&m r[kwfbl;vm;? [m; [m; [m;
ESpfq,fwefwm av;q,f,lprf;}}
odef;[efonf t&ufukdom a&vdkaomufonfr[kwf? aiGudkvnf;
a&vdkoHk;jyonf/

___________

tcsdefonf trmMuL\om;uav; av;zufwGm;&mu rwfwyfprf;í

avQmufcsdefa&mufvmcJh½Hkru bb rr arar [k wGwfwD; wGwfwm
ajymEkdifavmufatmif vGefcJhavNyD/
boufonf olYaoG; olYom;r[kwfaMumif; tNrJowdxm;onf/ odkYayr,fh
ykvkauG;av;uwnf;u wG,fwd wG,fydk; o,fykd;vm&aomaMumihf tjrifeD;í
tMuifBuD;MuifcJh&avNyD/ wu,fqdkawmh oHa,mZOfqdkonfum; aoG;rS

169
om;rSr[kwf? wpfOD;arwåm wpfOD;rSmqdkovdk wpfOD;ukdwpfOD;u wHkYjyefjyvQif
{&mraESmifBudK;BuD;omjzpfonf/
i,fi,fuav;wnf;u uav;onf boufukdjrifvQif ½TifcsKdNyHK;jyonf/
vufuav;ESpfzufudk qefYwef;í irf;irf;vkdufcsifonf/ tjypfrJhaom
uav;? vlYb0ukdrodao;aomuav;tm; boufonf b,fenf;ESihfrS
rpdrf;um;Ekdif/ boufurpdrf;Ekdifovdk uav;i,fu wrf;wrf;pJG pJGaeav&m
Mumawmh 0wfaus0wfukef [efaqmifjcif;rsKd;r[kwfonfh wu,fharwåm
apwemawGrSm boufwpfukd,fvHk; aoG;aMumrSeforQ wdk;vQKd;ayguf
avQmufukefMuawmhonf/
rMumrMum trmMuLuom ukd,fhtaqG;ukd,fhtawG;ESihf ai;aecsifaeayrnf/
uav;i,fuawmh tvkyfcGifrSjyefvmaom boufukdjrifvdkufonfESihf
wpfNydKifeuf rdcif\&ifcGifxufrSqif;um tl,m;zm;,m;ajy;í
vmawmhonf/ þvdkEIwfqufvkdufjcif;u bouf\yifyef;EGrf;e,fvmcJh
orQ arwåma&pifESihfaq;csvdkufovdk cHpm;vdkufrdonf/
]]b}}
]]Asm;}}
]]b b}}
]]Asm; Asm;}}
pum;ryDhwyDuwnf;u olYukd b[k ac:wmudkcHcsifonf/ vufyGef;wwD;
aecJhonf/ wu,fwrf;ajymMupdkY qdkvQif boufonf uav;i,fukd
awmhrcJGEdkifawmhNyD/ rae&ícJGMupdkYqdkvQif trmhukdom cJGcsifcJGEdkifrnf/
avmuBuD;wGif uav;i,fum; tjypfuif;pifonf/ oefY½Sif;Munfvifonf/
rdrd\pdwfukd ajzazsmf½Smonf/ MunfEl;ESpfodrfhatmif aqmif½Gufay;azmf

170
&onf/ ESpfumvonf jrihfoxufjrifhovdk cspfwmuvnf; &ihfoxuf
&ihfcJhNyD/

*DwoHcsKda&'D,dktzJGUwnf&m armifEkwkdYtdrfuav;rSm ,cifuvdk pdkpdkjynfjynf

qlqlnHnHr½Sdawmh? cgwdkif;qdkvQif wD;vHk;wkdufonfhtcgwdkufí ttm;ae
onfhwkdifatmif *Dworm;tcsif;csif; wpfa,mufwpfayguf aemufMu
ajymifMu a[;vm;0g;vm; pm;MuaomufMu tdrfeD;csif;udkrStm;rem
t&yfuav;ukdrStm;remqdkovdk aomif;usef;aeMu&m ,ckawmh wpfaeYxuf
wpfaeY toGm;tvm t0iftxGufusJoGm;onf/ odef;[ef\a0'em
tajctaerSm wpfaeYxuf wpfaeY qdk;0g;vmaomaMumihfjzpfavonf/
odef;[ef\a&m*gtajctae qdk;0g;vmrIaMumihf rdwfaqGtaygif;toif;
rsm;rSm toGm;tvm&yfpJolu &yfpJ? a½SmifuGif;olu a½SmifuGif;Mujcif;jzihf
,cifupnfum;cJhaom *DwoHcsKdtzJGUtdrfuav;rSm okómefZ&yfvdk jzpfae
awmhonf/
armifEktzdkYawmhcufaeonf/ odef;[efukd olu tMunfñdkqHk;? tav;pm;
qHk;jzpfcJhojzihf xrif;yJGa½SUa&muf tdrfOD;cef;wifxm;cJhonf/ ,ckawmh
auR;&ay;&onfrSm raxmif;xmvSaomfvnf; wpftdrfwnf;twlae&efawmh
pdwfr½Sif;vSawmhay/ ]]tdrfrSmraeygeJYawmh}} [k &uf&ufpufpuf
ESifcszdkY&efvnf; tawmf0efav;aerdonf/
aemufqHk;awmh armifEkonf t&JpGefYNyD; odef;[efudk azsmif;zs&awmhonf/
]]q&m - q&m&,f q&m0efeJYjyMunfh&atmifvm;}}
]]igrjycsifygbl; armifEk&,f}}
]]bmjzpfvdkYvJ q&m&,f}}

171
]]ig - ig rxl;awmhygbl;uGm? ukd,f&nfysufNyDxifyg&JU}}
]]'DvdkyJaeoGm;awmhrSmvm; q&m&,f? aq;½Hkwufukvdkuf&if aumif;csif
aumif;oGm;rSmyg}}
armifEk\ wGef;wGef;xdk;xdk; ac:aqmifrIaMumihf odef;[efrSm rvdkufcsif
vdkufcsifESifh &efukefaq;½HkBuD;ukd a&mufcJh&onf/
q&m0efu odef;[ef\tzktydrfhtuGufrsm;ukda&m? ajcvufrsm;ukdyg yiftyf
uav;wpfacsmif;ESihf wdkYum wdkYumar;onf/ odef;[efonf emwmudk
vnf;odonf/ xdwmukdvnf;odonf/ odef;[efukd acgif;rSajctqHk;wkdif
wawmifqpfauG;? 'l;acgufauG; ponfhae&mrsm;½Sd tm½HkaMumrsm;ygrusef
r½GHUr½Sm w&if;wESD;prf;oyfonfukd cH,l&if; rdrdxHrStm;remyg;rem
pm;aomufcJhNyD;rS a½SmifuGif;oGm;Muolrsm;ukd EIdif;,SOfrd&m odef;[ef\&ifxJ
wGif auseyfjcif;? rauseyfjcif; 0da&m"dcHpm;&rIrsm; xdyfwdkufjzpfay:aeonf/
odef;[efvufzsHrS aoG;ukdazmuf,lNyD; "gwfcJGcef;odkYvnf;ykdYonf/
]]ukdodef;[ef cifAsm;a&m*gu}}
]]ukd,f&nfysufwmvm; q&m}}
]]ukd,f&nfysufw,f [kwfvm;? ukd,f&nfysufw,fqkdwm bmudk
qdkvdkcsifwmvJ ukdodef;[ef}}
q&m0efonf odef;[ef\ cE¨mukd,fESihf rsufESmay:wGif½Sdaeaom tzk? tydrfh?
teDuGufrsm;ESifh edrfhusoGm;aom ESm½kd;wkdYukdMunfh&if;ar;vkdufonf/
odef;[efuvnf; rdrd\ ysufpD;,dk,Gif;vmaeaom ½kyfvu©Pmrsm;ukd
&nfñTef;NyD; rdrdrSm uk|ElempJGuyfavNyD? ukd,f&nfysufa&m*gjzpfaeNyD[k
,lqNyD; ar;jcif;jzpfonf/
]]ukd,f&nfysufw,fqdkwm [dk [dk temBuD;a&m*gjzpfaeNyDvm;vkdY
ajymwmygq&m}}

172
odef;[ef\xdwfvefYaMumuf½GUHaeaom trlt&mESihf r0Hhr&Jajzvdkufonfukd
q&m0efonf em;vnfoGm;[ef½Sdonf/ tm;emoGm;[efvnf;½Sdonf/
]]'Dvdk½Sdygw,f ukdodef;[ef}} q&m0efonf vnfacsmif;ukd tenf;i,f
½Sif;vkduf&if;ajymonf/
]]cE¨mukd,frSm tzk? tydrfh? tuGufqdkwmawG ay:wwfygw,f/ tzk?
tydrfhay:wkdif;vnf; temBuD;a&m*g tJ tJ cifAsm;ajymovdk
ukd,f&nfysufwJha&m*gr[kwfygbl;/ c½koif;? orifjzL? ayG;? ñSif;
pojzihfayghAsm/ ta&jym; a&m*gqdkwm trsm;BuD;½Sdwmuvm;/ tJ'D tzk?
tydrfh? tuGufawGrSm xHkaerS xdwm? emwmukd rodrS temBuD;a&m*gvdkY
ac:wmyg/ ,m;w,f? emw,fqdk&if tJ'gawG[m temBuD;a&m*g?
ukd,f&nfysufwJha&m*g r[kwfygbl;/ NyD;awmhvnf; ESm½dk;csKdifhvmwkdif;vnf;
temBuD;a&m*gr[kwfygbl;/ cifAsm;&JU yHkyef;o@mefudk tay:,HMunfhr,f?
omrefvltaeeJY Munfhr,fqdk&ifawmh cifAsm;vdkyJ temBuD;a&m*gvdkY
xifMurSmayghAsm}}
odkYaomf odef;[efonf r,HkMunf vufrcHao;[efjzihf xyfíar;jyefonf/
ol\aomufpm;aysmfyg;cJhaom p½kdufaMumihf 'Da&m*gqdk;BuD;jzpf&ygonf
qdkaom olY&ifxJu tpJG? olYywf0ef;usifupGyfpJGjcif;wdkYrS aygufzGg;vmaom
ar;cGef;jzpfonf/
]]temBuD;a&m*gqdkwm bmvdkYjzpfwmvJq&m}}
]]temBuD;a&m*gqdkwm ul;pufa&m*gwpfrsKd;ygyJAsm? a&m*g½SdwJholawG&JU
wHawG;? ESyf? cRJwdkYuae a&m*gykd;awG ysHUvGihful;pufwwfygw,f/
aemufwpfrsdK;u vlemeJY eD;eD;uyfuyfae&ifvnf; ul;wwfygw,f}}
]]'g 'gjzihf&if uRefawmfha&m*gu bma&m*gvdkY ac:ygovJq&m}}

173
]]cifAsm;a&m*gukdawmh qpfzvpfac: umvom;a&m*gvkdY ac:ygw,f
udkodef;[ef}}
]]bmaMumifhjzpf&wmvJ q&m}}
oufjyif;wpfcsufukd½Idufvkduf&if; q&m0efu ]]'guvnf; ul;pufa&m*gygyJ?
'gayr,fh taysmftyg;vdkufpm;vdkYjzpfwmyg}}
urÇmBuD;onf oGufoGufvnfatmifwkefcgovdk odef;[efcHpm;vdkuf&onf/
odef;[efonf usef;rma&; A[kokw todtjrifrESHYpyfojzihf qpfzvpf
a&m*gESihf temBuD;a&m*gukd roJuGJcJhacs/ temBuD;a&m*g? ukd,f&nfysuf
onfha&m*g[lonf taysmftyg;vkdufpm;íjzpfonf[k wpfqihfpum;
wpfqihfem;Mum;cJhzl;onf/ odef;[eftygt0iftm;vHk;u temBuD;a&m*gonf
tqdk;qHk;a&m*gtjzpfowfrSwfNyD; temBuD;a&m*gjzpfolrsm;ukd rnfolrSraygif;
oif;csifMu/ ol\taygif;toif;rsm;yifvQif olYukd temBuD;a&m*gonf
[kowfrSwfNyD; a½Smifajy;cJhMuNyD r[kwfygvm;/ odkYaomf ol\a&m*grSm
temBuD;a&m*gr[kwf? qpfzvpfac: umvom;a&m*gjzpfaeonf/ ol
taysmftyg;vdkufpm;í jzpfonfwJh/
odef;[ef\umvom;a&m*gonf wwd,tqihfodkYwkdifa&mufaeNyDjzpfonf/
aq;ukvQif a&m*gaysmufEkdifonfjzpfaomfvnf; ESm½kd;utp cE¨mukd,ftESHY?
tonf;? ESvHk;ponfwkdYyg vIdufpm;cJhojzihf ysufpD;aeNyDjzpfaom tpdwf
tykdif;rsm;aMumihf rusef;rrmjzpfrnfh'Pf quf½SdaeOD;rnf/ ykdqdk;onfu
olYtm; ]]tEl}}[kyif tm;vHk;uxifNyD; pGefYcGgNrJpGefYcGgrnfjzpfonf/
umvom;a&m*gyg[k qdkjyef&ifvnf; olYtay: u½kPmoufMurnfrxif/
olYtwGufuawmh temBuD;a&m*gjzpfap? umvom;a&m*gjzpfap? odyf
rxl;jcm;vSawmhay/ a&m*gu vIdufpm;um usef;rma&;omru ½kyftqif;yg
ysuf,Gif;aeNyDrdkY rdkufírqHk;? rdkufpwHk;atmif vHk;vHk;BuD;rdkufypf

174
vkduf&efom½Sdawmhonf[kawG;&if; rsuf&nfokwfrd½Smonf/ armifEkonf
]]taysmftyg;vdkufpm;vQif temBuD;a&m*g jzpfonf? tEkorm;jzpfonfh
odef;[eftzkdY aqG;cJh&onfhb0ukd aysmfatmif tvG,fvrf;vkdufcJhojzihf
tEkorm;rS tElorm;jzpfNyD}} xifcJhonf/ rvdkwrmESdrfhcsajymqdkvdkolrsm;u
tEkynmukd tElynm[kqdkonfukd armifEktcgcg Mum;cJhcHcJh&NyD/
,ckodef;[efa&m*gu tEla&m*gr[kwfqdkjyefawmh &ifrSmESpfaygif;rsm;pGm
pJGaeaom temBuD;a&m*g jzpf&onfhtpJGukd acszsufzdkY awmfawmfBudK;pm;
&OD;rnf/ odef;[ef\½kyf&nfu temBuD;a&m*gr[kwf[kqdkaomfvnf;
wpftdrfwnf;ae&rSm pdwfroefYovdkjzpfaeao;onf/ odef;[efuvnf;
armifEk\t&dyftuJukd em;vnfonf/ odkYESihf tdrfjyefa&mufawmh ...
]]ig 'DtdrfrSmraexkdufawmhygbl;uGm}} odef;[ef\0rf;enf;oHESihftwl
armifEkrSmvnf; rsufESmuav; tdkoGm;&onf/
]]uRefawmf q&mhukd rESif&ufygbl; q&m&,f}}
armifEku ,lBuHK;r&aomavoHESihf jznf;jznf;csif;ajymvmNyD; ]]'gayr,fh}}[k
pum;uav;oHk;av;cGef; qufvkdufonf/ xdk 'gayr,fhuvGefí
qufNyD;rajym0Hhrajym&ufyg/ 'gayr,fh olY 'gayr,fhukd odef;[efu
aumif;aumif;BuD;oabmaygufygonf/
]]at;yguGm? at;yg at;yg? igukdu tvdkufodzdkYaumif;ygw,faemf? tif;
ul;pufwwfw,fvdkYqdkoukd;uG? [kwfw,f [kwfw,f aMomf 'gaMumihf
ukdxGef;jrihfwkdY ukdbwdk;wdkYawmif 'DukdrvmMuwmukd;? aumif;ygNyDuGm?
aumif;ygNyD? ig'DaeYyJ oGm;yghr,f? 'Davmuftxd ightay:rSm
jyKpkapmihfa½SmufwmyJ aus;Zl;BuD;vSygNyD}}
armifEkonf 'Dvdkqdkawmhvnf; tvGeftrif; pdwfraumif;jzpfvdkuf&onf/
olYrdciftdkBuD;uvnf; wpftdrfwnf;wGif ae&jcif;aMumihf rdrdtwGuf

175
raxmif;wm[k qdkapumrl rdcifBuD;usef;rma&;ukd xdcdkuful;pufrSmawmh
pdk;rdonf/
]]uRefawmf uRefawmf}}
]]at;yguGm rif;wdkYbufu 0wå&m;ausygNyD? igb,fvdkrS ratmifharhygbl;}}
ajymajymqdkqdk odef;[efonf olaeaom tcef;uav;xJokdY jyef0if
oGm;onf/ armifEk idkifwdidkifwdkif jzpfaepOfyif odef;[efjyefxGufvmygNyD/
olYrSm xl;xl;axGaxG ,lp&miifp&mypönf; rsm;rsm;r½Sdawmhyg/ t0wfxkyf
uav;wpfxkyfESihf olYwa,mta[mif;uav;omjzpfonf/
aiGawG0ifwkef;u vl½Tifatmif a&vdkoHk;cJhonf/ aiGr0ifí vlrSma&m*g
0ifjyefawmh ½SdpkrJhpkawGudk aygifvkduf a&mif;vkdufESihf oHk;ygao;onf/
,ckawmh vufoyf ukd,fuRwf cRwfNcHK? 'guav;yJ½Sdawmhonf/
tdrfuav;wpftdrfvHk; wdwfNidrfíaeawmhonf/ olwD;aeus pE´,m;BuD;rSm
rvIyfr,Suf ikwfwkwfBuD; xdkifrIdifaeovdk atmufarh&onf/
pE´,m;ay:rSm½Sdaom *Dw0daom'eDusrf;pmtkyfa[mif;uav;rSm a½TrsufESmtdk
aeovdkvdkxif&onf/ tcef;t0if0 tay:em;u *Dwzcifaus;Zl;½SifBuD;
'D;'kwfOD;bcsKdyHkrSm oluG,fvGefcgp 'D;'kwf*sme,fxJu"gwfyHkudk rSefaygif
uav;oGif;xm;wmyifjzpfvihfupm; *Dworm;wpfa,muftwGuf r½I&uf
rjrif0Hh pdkufMunfhaeovdkvdk½Sdawmhonf/
armifEk\rsufvHk;tdrfwGif rsuf&nfrsm;ukd xdef;odrf;ír& wpfaygufcsif;
wpfaygufcsif; usvmawmhonf/ olYtzdkYom udk,fusihfw&m;ysufí
ypövu©wfaecJhaomfvnf; wynfhukdynmay;&mü pdwf½Snfvuf½Snf &uf&uf
a&ma&m½SdvSonf/ wu,fqdkawmh odef;[ef\*Dwynm cufqpfuav;
awGonf armifEktzdkY aemifwpfoufvHk; pm;oHk;oGm;Ekdifp&m ynmtarG
awGyifjzpfonf/

176
'gudkarmifEkodxm;onf/ 'Daus;Zl;awGudk armifEk rypfy,fEkdifwmrSefonf/
,ckawmh aeoluvnf; aeírjzpf? wm;oluvnf; wm;írjzpf?
tcspf"gwfrwHk; vlukdrrkef;bJ wpfoufvHk;cJGMu&awmhrnf/ armifEkonf
olYq&mukd oGm;cgeD;qJqJ ajcpHkOD;wkdufí zl;vkduf uefawmhvkdufcsifonf/
]]q&m uRefawmhfukdpdwfr½SdygeJYq&m? q&mhynmaus;Zl;awGukd uRefawm
fav;pm;ygw,f/ uRefawmf q&mhukd uefawmhvdkufyg&ap q&m}}
ajym&if; ajym&if; armifEk idkoHawGygvmawmhonf/ xdkYaMumifh cyfjrefjrefyif
odef;[ef\ajc&if;rSm ykqpfwkyf xkdifcsí uefawmhvkduf&onf/
odef;[efwpfoufvHk;rSm trmMuLESihfuJGí pdwfqif;&JcJhonfukdrS rsuf&nfrus
cJhzl;aomfvnf; ,ckvdk armifEku MuifMuifememBuD;ajymí uefawmhvkduf
awmhrS wu,fhwu,f0rf;enf;yrf;enf; rsuf&nfawG½TJvmcJh&onf/
armifEkrSmapwemteEÅESihf wynfhaumif;yDoaMumif;od&onf/ ,ckvdkcJG&
onfrSm armifEkukd wpfpHkwpf&mtjypfqdkp&mr½Sd/ b,folrjyKrdrdrIqdkovdk
ukd,frdkufí olyg 0rf;enf;&½Smjcif;omjzpfonf/
]]at;yguGm udpör½Sdygbl; armifEk&m? ukdbwdk;wkdY ukdxGef;jrihfwdkYom
igEIwfqufoGm;aMumif; ajymjyvkdufygawmh}}
odef;[efonf oljyKpkysKd;axmifcJhaom *DwoHcsKda&'D,dktzJGU qdkonfh
qdkif;bkwfuav;ukd aemufqHk;Munfh jcif;jzihfMunfhum jznf;jznf;csif;
tdrfay:rSqif;oGm;½Smawmhonf/ armifEku odef;[ef\zdeyfukd cif;ay;
vdkufao;onf/ xdkYaemuf 0if;x&H0ta&muf aemufyg;rS ,dkY,dkY
vdkufydkYvkdufao;onf/ NyD;awmhrS
]]oGm;ayOD;awmh q&m}} wJh/
xdktcsdefwGifrS tvdkufurf;qdk;rodaom a&'D,dku ywfysKd;oDcsif;wpfyk'f
vmaeavonf/

177
]tdkaMumhqHk;r,f auoG,favsmhvsm; armifoem;vSw,f? wpfa,mufxJ
azmfryg oGm;½Sma&m a0;ajrwm}

___________

odef;[ef\c&D;pOfukd Munfhprf;ygawmh/
rdkufprwHk; wpfoufvHk;yJ rdkufcsifawmhonf/ ,ckrSawmh rrdkufbJaeí
vnf;r&/ pdwfnpfwkdif; t&ufaomufwwfaompm*onf t&ufraomuf
&vQif pdwfnpfvmawmhonf/ pdwfomru vufawGajcawGuyg uwkef
u,ifjzpfvmwwfonf/ b0ifrSmavcdkí wa[ha[h w[J[J BudKUxdk;
vmwwfonf/ tm;tifukefcrf;í rvIyfcsifatmif yifyef;aewwfonf/
wu,ft&ufpJGvmawmh olYt[m&onf twHk;tcJpm;zG,fr[kwfonfh t&nf
oufoufjzpfonfh t&ufom t[m&jzpfonf/ owå0g[lorQ t[m&ESihf
ruif;Ekdifovdk t&ufcsKd;pJGaeolonf t&ufESihfruif;Ekdif/ t&ufukd
OD;qHykdifociftjzpf OD;xdyfxm;&í rdrdum; t&uf\aus;uRef? t&ufu
appm;orQ wpfoa0rwdrf; vdkufem&awmhonf/
odef;[efonf t&uf½Sd&m aysmfyJGpm;½HkodkY0ifrnfjyKonf/
,cifh,cif odef;[efvmNyDqdkvQif tvkt,uf 0kdif;0ef;BudKqkdí wdk;wdk;
acGUacGUae&rS auseyfonfh [dkw,fr,fuav;rsm;u ,ckvmonfh odef;[ef
ukdawmh pufqkyf½GH½SmpGm armif;xkwfMuonf/ wpfcsKdUu tr,fav;[kyif
toHaMumifuav;ESihf atmfajy;Muonf/

178
odef;[ef\t*Fg½kyfrSm þtxdjzpfaeaMumif; ,ckrS olYukd,folodonf/
wpfqdkifrSxGufí wpfqdkif ol0ifjyefaomtcg awGU&mtaptyg;awGu
vufcgjyíESifvTwfMuonf/
]]a[h ighrSm ykdufqH½Sdygw,fuGm? MumMumraeygbl;? t&ufuav;om
enf;enf;aomufyg&ap}} [k odef;[efu awmif;yef½Smonfhwkdifatmif
]]oGm;av rvmeJY 'DrSmvlaumif;awG½Sdw,f}} [k cg;cg;oD;oD; ajymvTwf
Muonf/ wpfvSrf;rS 0ifcGihfray;/
]]avmurSm aiGta&;BuD;qHk;qdkayr,fh ae&mwdkif; tcgwkdif; r[kwfyg
vm;uGm}} [k nnf;nLrdonf/ okdYaomf wpfcPom nnf;nLvdkuf
jcif;jzpfygonf/ ADZuygvmonfha'gou axmif;ceJxGufí ½Suf½SufESihf
vSnfhjyefcJh&onf/
bmyJjzpfjzpf t&ufraomuf&vQifawmh raeEkdifyg/ vl&nfoefYqdkifawGu
vufoihfrcHvQif atmufqHk;wef;u a*:&if*sDawG aysmfaysmfESihf&rf;Muonfh
xef;&nfqkdifukd0ifzdkYom½Sdonf/ xdkqdkifuav;rsKd;uawmh t,kwftvwf
tjrwfra½G; wu,fhudk "r®"dXmefusonfh bHk0g'Adrmefuav;awGjzpfygonf/
ulvDukvm;? *sm'l;ukvm;? jrLeDpDyg,f ukvm;? 'dkbDukvm;? qwåmonf
ukvm;? zdeyfcsKyfaomukvm;? tdkaomukvm;? ysKdaomukvm;? a0'emonf
ukvm;? oefpGrf;aomukvm;? xdkMum;xJwGif odef;[efukd b,folurSrwm;/
xef;&nfqdkif0wGif ukvm;rBuD;a&mif;aom rlwmvl;Muufom;[if;pyfpyfu
[dkw,frS cspfuif;½kdU(pf)xuf cHwGif;awGU&ygao;onf/ yJBuD;aMumf
wpfyJzdk;onf aysmfyJGpm;½Hkutmvl;aMumfxuf <uyf<uyf½G½G½Sdygao;onf/
]]csOfcsOfwl;wl; rl;vQifNyD;a&m}} [k qdkayr,fh xef;&nfta&mif
iSufcg;awmifonf y,if;a&mif 0gvJhvJhxuf EIwfNrdefum ygpuawaZm
<uygao;onf/

179
odef;[efonf a*:&if*sDukvm;Mum;u xef;&nfESpfykvif;0ifoGm;onfESihf
wpfNydKifeuf a½SUa&;udk bmukdrS rawG;rylawmh? jzpfovdkaeNyD; jzpfovdk
aozdkYomtqifoihf½Sdonf/ yJGxJuajymovdk apmapmaovQif apmapm
tdyf&rnf/ avmuZmwfcHkrS jrefjreftem;,l&rnf/
wefaqmif;tdk ausmif;ysufponfwdkYrSm tajctaerJhaomolwkdY\ rSDcdk&mXme
aumif;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ odef;[ef\AdrmefrSm bk&m;yef;NcHxJu aMu;oGef;
udk,fawmfBuD; udef;atmif;&m wefaqmif;wpfckjzpfonf/ wHcg;r½Sd "g;r½Sd
aom þvdkae&mrsKd;rSmrS odef;[eftzdkY tzdk;wefvSonf/ olYukdESifrnfholr½Sd?
jrifrnfholvnf;r½Sd/
aomufawmhxef;&nfqkdif? pm;awmhxrif;qdkif? olwdkYvdkvlawGtwGuf
xrif;qdkifawGaygvSygonf/ wpfrl; wpfyJay;½HkESihf [if;rsKd;pHkatmif
pm;&aomae&mum; w½kwfukvm; xrif;qdkifrsm;u [if;uRif;[if;usef
xrif;yef;uefawGjzpfonf/
tusihfonf odu©mESihfwJGvsuf½SdrS tusihfodu©maumif;EdkifMuonf/ odu©m
½Sdolonf tusihfudka½G;í usihfwwfMuonf/ odu©m[lonfum; *kPfESihf
wJGpyfaeaom 0daoowpfckyifjzpfonf/ *kPfodu©m½Sdolonf odrfi,f
nHhzsif;aomtusihfukd jyKrl&rSm ½Sufp&mjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifhvnf; twGif;
tZÑwåu,kwfrmcsifMuapumrl tay:,H yumoeu [efYwm;qD;um
aeMuojzihf pdwfvdkwkdif;ukd,frygEkdifMu? a½SmifEkdiforQawmh a½SmifMuyg
ao;onf/
odkYaomf tusihfaMumifh odu©mysufonfhtcg odu©mysufonfudk vlodonfh
aeYupí tusihfukd ay,smvuH xm;vkdufMuawmhonf/
½kyfysufqif;ysuf tusihfygysufvmcJhaom odef;[efudk b,folurS
aumvdyfausmif;om; pE´,m;csefyD,H[k trSwfrjyKMu? rSwfrdolvnf;

180
r½SdEdkifMu? xdktaMumif;w&m;u odef;[efukd wpfaeYwpfjcm; vGwfvyfcGifh
ay;xm;awmhonf/ uavuacs uavu0 b,fb0odkYa&mufa&muf
½SufaMumufpdk;&drfp&mrvdkay/ 'Dvdkaeí 'DvdkjzpfoGm; Muaom trsKd;aumif;
om;? trsKd;aumif;orD;wkdYonf avmuBuD;0,f *kPfaemufuG,fwGif
touf½SifaeMuqJyif/
wpfcgwpf&Hawmh bk&m;yef;NcHxJuaeí a½Twd*HkapwDBuD;udk Munfñdkvdkuf
rdonf/ wuúodkvfausmif;om; b0u yJcl;ua&mufvQifa&mufcsif;
0wfaumif;pm;vS *kPfyumoeawGESihf bk&m;zl;wufcJh&onf/ xdkpOfu
avmu"Honf aumif;wmawGrSeforQ uGufíomtusKd;ay;cJhonf/
,cktajctaeuawmh y#dyu© atmufqHk;odkY uscJh&NyD/
]]tdk arar&JU ararom;awmh b0wHk;aygh}} [k idkrdao;onf/ idk&if;u
pdwfnpfvmonf/ pdwfnpfawmh xef;&nft<uif;tusefuav;ukd armhrdjyef
onf/ t&ufupí b0qHk;&onfukd odawmhodygonf/ todacgufcuf
t0ifeufí tqufudkawmhrjzwfEkdif/ t0dZÆmwPSm a'Grlvmed odyifod
aomfvnf; r,m;r½Sdu raeEkdifaom "r®uxduvdk jzpfaecJhonf/
rMumrMum xef;&nfuav;axGaxGESifh wa,mudktazmfjyKí wD;Ekdif
oavmufwD;um qdkEkdifoavmufqdkaejcif;u &ifwGif;rStylawG avsmh
ovdkvdk½Sdonf/
olYukd rSwfrdrnfholr½Sdí jzpf&mb0wGif jzpfovdkae&if;aysmfcJhonf/
t&ufESihfxef;&nfwdkY\ aus;uRefb0odkY oufqif;&if; olYb0udkolpdwfnpf?
pdwfemíidkcsifvmvQif a&muf&mt&yfwGifxdkifNyD; wa,mxdk;wwfonf/
½kyftqif;u csKdU,Gif;NyD; 'ku©dwjzpfaeolwpfa,mufu wa,mxdk;ae
aomtcg u½kPmoufaom vrf;oGm;vrf;vm rsm;u ykdufqHta<uawG

181
cRifueJ cRifueJ csay;oGm;wwfonf/ xdkydkufqHuav;rsm;onfyif
olYtwGuf xrif;ESihf t&ufjzpfvmonf r[kwfygavm/
wpfaeYwGifodef;[efonf csnfhusKd;csnfheJY NrdKUxJodkYa&mufoGm;onf/ uefawmf
av; xef;&nfqdkif? bkef;BuD;vrf; uapmfqdkif? oHk;q,fhig;vrf; "ed&nfqdkif
wdkYrSm olYajc&mcsif;xyfcJhNyD/ wpfaeYwpfcg r*dkvrf; ukvm;'Haygufqdkifem;odkY
a&muf&onf/ xdkae&mrSm olwdkYwawGtm;ukd;&aomae&mjzpfonf/ 'Hayguf
wpfyef;uef ESpfusyfay;pm;EkdifMuolwdkYrSm teD;tem;rS r½Sdqif;&Jolrsm;tm;
wpfrl; wpfyJay;&ef0efrav;Muay/ ukd,fhb0ukd ukd,fjyefrawG;csifawmhaom
odef;[efonf xdkodkYaomae&mrsKd;wGifxkdifNyD; wa,mxdk;&ef 0efrav;
awmhay/
odef;[efonf r*dkvrf;xdyfodkYa&muf&efom pdwfapmí ql;avbk&m;bufrS
vloGm;vrf;yvufazmif;ay:rS avQmufvmcJhonf/ jrefrmopfem&Dqdkifa½SUodkY
a&mufonfESihfwpfNydKifeuf qdkifxJrS &,f&,farmarm ajymajymqdkqdk xGufvm
aom vlESpfa,mufudkjrifvdkufjcif;twGuf ½kwfw&ufajcvSrf;rsm; qGHUoGm;
atmif ua,mifacsmufcsm; jzpfvkduf&ygonf/
xdkolESpfa,mufteuf wpfa,mufu udkbouf/
rarQmfvihfbJ awGUvkduf&ygNyD? þwpfoufrSmawmh rdrd\b0
eD;pyfoufqkdif&mvlawGudk rjrif&awmh[k atmufarhcJh&mu ,ckvdk
yufyif;awGUvdkuf&aomtcg o&Jwapäukdjrifvdkuf&ovdk acgif;BuD;oGm;rd
onf/
ukdboufonf pum;ajym&mu odef;[efudkvSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/
]]bk&m; bk&m; ighukdrsm;}}

182
odef;[efpdwfxJuusdwfí a&½Gwfrdonfh pum;rqHk;rD ukdboufu
odef;[efukd trSwfrxif onmuif;rJhpGm Munfh&mu a½SUodkYqufavQmufoGm;
avawmhonf/
þwGifrS oufrwpfcsufcsí rdrdvnf;vGefavmufatmif avQmufvmrdonf/
odef;[ef\½lyedum,frSm rSwfrdavmufp&mrSr½Sd? t0wftpm;u pkwfwd
pkwfzwf? tom;uvnf; jzLzwfjzLa&mf? tzktydrfhtemrsm;ESihf/ xdkonfhtay:
t&ufwefcdk;aMumihf avjzwfawmhrwwf wkefwcsnfhcsnfhjzpfae ygao;onf/
ukdbouftzdkY odef;[efukd þvdktajctae þvdk 'ku©dwb0ESihf
jrif&vdrfhrnf[k wpfoufvHk;rSm wpfcgrS arQmfvihfcJhrnfr[kwf/
odef;[efuawmh boufukd vQyfwpfjyufyifjrifvdkuf&apumrl rarhEkdif?
trmMuLtm; owd&aompdwfonf wdrfjrKyfvkeD;yg;jzpf&mu ukdboufukd
awGUvkduf&jcif;aMumihf qiftdyf&mqdwfvmíEId;ovdk w[kefxdk;ay:cJh&jyef
ygNyD/
trmMuL trmMuL igcspfcJh&wJhtrmMuL/
trmMuLudk awG;rd&mu rdcifBuD;\rsufESmyg uGufceJjrifvm&jyefonf/
ukdboufukdjrifjcif;aMumifh trmMuLukd owd&onf/ trmMuLudkowd&awmh
rdcifBuD;ukdygowd&jyefonf/ olwdkY olwkdYESihf rdcifBuD;rSm tnrnypöa,m
o[Zmwypöa,myifr[kwfygavm/ wdkawmif;aom av;ig;ESpftcsdefuav;
twGif;rSmyif rdrdb0um; vlazmfr0ifawmhNyD/ ukdboufukdMunfh&vQif
bmrSrxl;jcm;? odef;[efrSmom wpfukd,fwnf;ESihf b0ajymif;cJh&onf/

ig;ESpf ig;ESpf/
odkYaomf rdkufrJolonf ig;&uf ig;em&Dpaom tcsdefwdkuav;twGif;
ysufpD;jcif;rvS ysufpD;EkdifMuonf r[kwfavm? ukd,fhtoufukd,f &ef½Smol

183
tzdkYjzpfvQif ig;rdepfrSrMumvkdufygay? odef;[efu olYukd,folowfaom
enf;rSm tEkenf;Mum½Snfaomenf;? enf;csif;omuGmí umvomMumae
ygonf/ owfwmurl olYukd,fol wpfrlwnf;om jzpfygonf/
ukdboufudkvGefí avQmufvmcJhNyD;onfhaemufrS trmMuL\omaMumif;
rmaMumif;? rdcifBuD;\owif;pum; ponfwkdYukd Mum;csifvmjyefawmhonf/
0dnmOfom wpfb0ajymif;aomfvnf; twdwfa[mif;uaqGrsKd;taygif;ukd
oHa,mZOfrjywfEkdifao;onfh a0rmedu wapäNydwåmvdk jzpfvmjyefonf/
þvdkowif;pum;ukd Mum;vkduf&jcif;jzihf wpfenf;wpfvrf;pdwfoufom&m
&EkdifEdk;Edk;xifvmjyefonf/ xdkYaMumihf boufwkdY oGm;&mukd rsufjcnf
rjywfcifvSnfhí vkdufrdjyefonf/ ukdboufwpfvrf;ul;vQif odef;[ef
wpfvrf;ul;í aemufa,mifcHcJhrdonf/ b,fae&mrSmrSem;í b,fawmhr
SMum;&rnfukdawmh rod? vkdufrdvufpESihf vkdufíomaeawmhonf/
þvdkvdkufaeorQ ajcvSrf;wkdif; trmMuLukdom awG;aejrifaevsufjzpfonf/
ukdboufESihfolYtazmfukd arQmfrSef;í Munfhvdkufaomtcg wpf&Ha&mtcgu
rdrdukd,fwkdifaysmfawmfMuL;cJhonfh aysmfyJGpm;½Hkwpf½HkokdY 0ifoGm;MuaMumif;
jrifvdkuf&onf/
uHtm;avsmfpGm boufwkdY0ifxdkifaomae&mrSm tjyifqdkif0u Mum;Ekdif
avmufaom pm;yJGjzpfaomaMumihf odef;[efonf wHcg;aygufzdeyfcRwfem;u
ydyd&d&dxdkifapmifhrdonf/ olYukd b,folurS ESifrxkwfMu/ [dkw,faysmfyJGpm;½Hk
em;wGif olvdktajctaerJhawG &pf0J&pf0JvkyfaeMuonfrSm xHk;pH"r®wm
jzpfaeMuonf/
rMumrD ZGef;oH? yef;uefoHawGMum;u pum;píqkdoHMum;&ygNyD/
]]cifAsm;ES,f &efukefa&mufwmawmif uRefawmfhtdrfr0ifbl;? vrf;awGUvdkY
omawGU&w,f}} [k bouf\ tazmfu pum;emxdk;vdkufonf/

184
]][J [J r0ifqdkAsm? 'Dwpfcgvm&wmu vGwfvGwfvyfvyf vm&wm
r[kwfbl;AsdKU? trmMuLwkdYom;trd ygvmMuvdkY}}
ukdbouf\pum;qHk;vQifqHk;csif; odef;[efonf olYb0ukdolarhoGm;onf/
pdwfa0'emESihf ukd,fa&m*gawG aysmufukefNyD; ,cifu aumvdyfausmif;om;
b0 jyefa&mufoGm;ovdkvdk 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omxdwfceJjzpfoGm;&½Smonf/
]]b,frSmwnf;MuovJ}}
]]oGefrqif tifAifEl; wkdufeHygwf 17}}
]]aMomf a':a':ZifwdkYtdrfaygh}}
]][kwfw,fav? a':a':Zifqdkwmu trmMuLwdkYeJY aqGrsKd;eD;pyfawmfwm
r[kwfvm;? olygvmawmh olYaqGrsKd; tdrfrSykdNyD;vGwfvyfrSmukd;}}
odef;[efu xdkae&yf tdrfeHygwfuav;ukd wdk;wdk;nnf;aerdonf/ trmMuL
trmMuL tckaetcg olYvif olYom;eJY wihfwihfw,fw,faeae&vdkY
t&ifuvdk½kyf&nfrsKd;xufykdNyD; 0vmrvm;[kpOf;pm;&mu cPuav;jzpfjzpf
oGm;í acsmif;Munfhvdkufcsifonf/
]][,f oGm;MunfhvkdY vGwfwJhig;BuD;½Hktjyif b,f½SdrvJ? ta[mif;ukd
topfjzpf&&if ighpdwfrcsrf;omrI wdk;oxufwdk;aerSmygyJ? tarhowif;
avmufMum;&&ifawmfygNyD/ pum;pyfrdvdkpyfrdjim; em;axmifaewm
aumif;ygw,f}}
odef;[efþvdkawG;aepOf
em;rvnfEkdifaompum;wpf&yfxyfíMum;&jyefonf/
]]aMomf 'gxuf cifAsm;&JUta&;awmfyHkuaum ratmifao;bl;vm;}}
]][J [J trmMuLudpövm; aeNrJ owdayghAsm? [m; [m; [m;}}
]][m nHhyghAsm? tckxufxd aeNrJyJvm;? a½SUwpfvSrf;wufayghAsm?
wu,fqdkawmh ukd,feJYr*Fvmaqmifxm;wJh rdef;ryJ? oabmrwlvdkY

185
vufa&mufrIeJYw&m;pJGEkdifwmvdkufvdkY? tvum; cifAsm;ukdf,fu a,musFm;
aps;zsufaewm? odef;[ef&JUuav;vnf; ukd,fhuav;vkyfNyD; tepfemcH
xm;&ao;&JU? 'DavmufrS t&omr,l&if bmvkyfzdkYwHk;}}
tjyifbufuodef;[efrSm rsufvHk;rsufqefjyL;oGm;atmif tHhtm;oihfaerd
ygonf/ olwdkYajymwm jrefrmpum; jzpfayr,fh jrefrmpum;ukd jrefrm
em;rvnfvdkufrdyg/ odef;[efonf [dkw,fwGif;okdY 0ifoGm;awmhravmuf
wpfudk,fvHk;ukdif;ñGwftm;,lí em;axmifrdonf/ olYem;xJrSmawmh
odef;[ef&JUuav;vnf; udk,fhuav;vkyf &ao;w,fqdkaompum;om
xyfcgxyfcgMum;a,mifaerdygonf/

b,fuuav;ukdqdkvdkovJ/
ighuav;qdkwm b,folvJ/
ighrSm uav;½Sdovm;/
]]odef;[ef}}qdkwm igvm;/

odef;[efonf þodkYaom tEkvHky#dvHkawG;aerdonf/

awG;&mu ½Iyfoxuf½Iyfvmonf/ olMum;aompum; olYem;ukd ol ,Hk&rvdk
r,Hk&rvdk/
]]cifAsm;OpömubmeJYwlaeovJqdkawmh yJGxJu vljyufawGajymovdk ]]a[m
[dkaumifrav; awmfawmf csrf;omw,f? rif; olYom&atmif,lEdkif&if
bmrSrvkyf&bJ xkdifpm;&r,f}} qdkovdk bmrSrvkyf&&if bmvkyfzdkYwHk;}}
olwkdYjyufvHk;ESihfolwkdY 0g;ceJ &,fvkdufMujyefonf/
odef;[efrSmawmh eufeufeJeJrsufarSmifukwfí ÓPfxkwfumawG;ae&onf/

186
]]cufw,f ukdjraomif;? olwkYduvnf; uRefawmfhtay: wpfoufvHk;
aumif;vmMuwm? 'Dawmh uRefawmfh arwåmuvnf; ruif;Ekdifao;bl;?
'gaMumihf trmhukdae&mwum tvdkvdkufae&wmayhg? cifAsm;ajymovdk
twif;BuH&ifawmh aemufqHk;wu,fnm;Mu½Hktjyif bmrSr½Sdbl;aygh/
vlBuD;awGuaum bmajymrvJ? ajymawmh rajymbl;aygh? 'gayr,fh
uRefawmfukd,fwkdifu trmhukd oem;ae&wmrdkY olYarwåmudk ZGwftwif;
rvkcsifygbl;Asm}}
bouf\toHrSm cPuav;&yfoGm;avonf/ odef;[efrSm xdk&yfoGm;onfh
wpfcPuav;twGif; tvif;uav;jrifrdovdkvdk? xdktcdkuf boufu
qufvkdufjyefonf/
]]tJ trmukd,fwkdifu uRefawmhukdjyefNyD; iJhñSmvmwJhwpfaeY tvdkvdk
ae&musrSmaygh? olvnf; uRefawmfh tay:rSmawmh apwemuif;EdkifrSm
r[kwfygbl;}}
]]cifAsm;Opömu ae&dyfvmrSm aeyluapmihf&ovdk}}
]]'gawmh 'gayghAsm? odkYayr,fh aemufqHk; uRefawmfuvJGNyD; b,folY
vufxJa&mufEkdifawmhrSmwHk;}}
bouf\toHrSm csKdcsKdat;at;ESihf ykdifykdifEkdifEkdif½SdvSonf/
]]tif; cifAsm;u BudK;½Snf½SnfeJYvSefae? awmfawmfMum olYtaumifay:vmrS
ukd,fhvufxJa&mufNyD;om; ypönf; jynfolykdiftvkyfcHae&OD;r,f}}
]]odef;[efvm; 'Dtaumifjyefvmawmhr,f rxifygbl;Asm? rdkufvnf;
rdkufwJhtaumifyg/ trmhrSm olYaMumihf uav;&wmawmif odoGm;wm
r[kwfbl;/ wpfcgwnf; pkyfpjrKyfpray:atmif aeaeEdkifvGef;w,f/
usKyfvnf;pHkprf;Munfhygao;w,f/ armfvNrdKifrSmvnf; r½Sdawmhbl;wJh?
aorsm;aoyvm;rSrodwm}}

187
tjyifbufrSodef;[efrSm 'DavmufMum;&awmh uJGuJGjym;jym;BuD;od&ygNyD/
olYZmwfuGuf olvnfatmif em;vnf&ygNyD/ ½Sif;oxuf½Sif;atmif
aemufxufMum;vdkuf&wmu bouf\ nnf;oHjzpfygonf/
]]uRefawmfuawmh tpuwnf;u a,mu©rvnf;jzpf? aus;Zl;½SifawGvnf;
jzpfaewmrdkY t½SufruJG½Hkuav; 'ku©0ifcHvkduf&wmr[kwfvm;}} [laom
pum;ESihfwuG
]]tif; ]rpm;& tañSmfcH '&0rfjzpfaeNyD} qdkwJh oDcsif;[m cifAsm;yJ}} [k
olYtazmfuavSmif&,fuav; &,fvkdufjcif;jzpf&um; odef;[eftwGuf
ukd,fhb0ukd,frSefxJjyefMunfh&ovdk uGif;uGif;uGufuGuf½SdvSygNyD/
odef;[efonf yg;pyfta[mif;om;jzpfatmif tHhtm;oihfae&ygonf/
txifwvJG tjzpfwvJGaMumifh udk,fusKd;BuD;enf;rSef; ,ckrSod&onf/
]][kwfw,f [kwfw,f trmhukdcspfcJhrdwm[m olYukd 'ku©ay;rdcJhwmayhg?
'gukdigrod? 'gaMumihf olwkdYcrsmrSm ighukdrSrwdkifyif taMumif;rMum;EkdifbJ
uaomuarsmeJYowif;pmxJaMumfjimvkduf&wm[m ihgrdkufrJrI&JU taqmuf
ttHku bl;ay: ovdkay:vmwJhtwGufjzpfwmaygh/ 'DMum;xJ tusKd;
taMumif;ajym&qdk&atmif ararwdkYvkdufvmcJhr,f qdkwJhpma&mufwJhaeYyJ
armfvNrdKifu vkdufwmwJhjrihfqDukdigoGm;awGU&w,f? 'Duwnf;u igyJcl;eJY
tqufjywf&wm r[kwfvm;}}
twdwf\uarmufurwdkYrSm ,cktcgawmh tpDvdkuftpOfvkduf ay:ayguf
vmMuukef\/ xdktcg rjzpfwefbJESihfjzpf&aom rdrd\b0ukdpdwfemum
rsuf&nfvnfvmrdonf/ xdkpOfuom owåd½SdpGmESihf rdrdrsufESmjycJhrdvQif
,ckuJhokdYaom &yfjypf½Spfyg;odkY a&mufEkdifzdkYvrf;r½Sd/ opömapmihfod
cspfcifaomtrmMuLESihf jyefaygif;xkwf&rnfomru rdrd\&ifaoG;jzpfaom
om;uav;ESihfyg waysmfwyg;BuD; Zmwfaygif;rdEkdifrnfjzpf\/

188
,ckawmh ½IyfayGaeaomavmuay:wGif wpfpyfwnf;? wpfajy;wnf;
ae&vihfupm; vlpifppfuNydwåmjzpf&ouJhodkY eD;&ufeJYa0;&avNyD/
rdrdrsufESmudkjyí rdrdrSef;od½HkavmufESihfvnf; olwdkYtzdkY taqG;ykdp&mom
jzpfEdkifawmhvsuf ukd,fhtwGufum; Avmewåd tusKd;½SdEkdifawmhrnfr[kwfacs/
odkYaomf av;ig;ESpfMumatmif rdrdukdpJGvrf;aompdwfESihf ukd,fh£a`E´ukd
ukd,fapmihfa½SmufEkdifaom trmMuL\odu©mukdawmh boufukd,fwkdifu
EIwfrSzGifhajymaeojzihf ,HkrSm;p&mwpfpHkwpf&muav;r½Sd/ 'Dvdkodav rGefjrwf
aomtrmMuL\rsufESmuav;ukd waphwapmif;jzpfap acsmif;Munfhcsifav
jzpf&onf/
xdkxufqdk;wmu ukd,fh&ifaoG;uav;ukd BuHKonfhtcdkuf tm;&yg;&BuD;
Munfhvdkufcsifonf/ yJcl;ukdvkdufMunfhzdkYuawmh odef;[ef\wpfoufrSm
rjzpfEkdif? rarQmfvihfEkdif? ukd,fhZD0dwda`E´rS Mum½SnfpGm xrf;½Gufíraecsif?
raocifuav; &ifaoG;ukdawmh jrifzl;csifvSonf/
om; om; ukd,fhom;[k odvdkufNyD;onfupí rdb\arwåmqdkonfwkdYrSm
ukd,fcE¨mwpfckvHk; taMumao; taMumr rusef yDwdawGcdkufcdkufwkefatmif
vQHvkdufrdygNyD/
,cktaeqdkvQif wGwfwD;wGwfwmajymwwfonfh t½G,fuav;? cspfvdkYr0
MunfhvdkYr0 vSaernfh½kyfuav;ukd rsufpdrSdwfí awG;Munfhrd½Smonf/
trmMuL\b0ukd pOf;pm;vkdufrdjyefawmh ,ck ,aeYtxd boufu
rykdifao;/ odkYuvdk rykdifao;ojzihf rdrdcspfcJhonfrSaemufumvu
,ckwdkifatmif ajcmufjypfuif;pGm oefY½Sif;vsuf½Sdaeayao;onf/ 'Dutjyef
wGifrl bouf\toHk;toyf tjyKtrlukd cH,lcsif cH,layawmhrnfjzpf&m
'Dwpfcg Munfh&jrif&vQif 'Db0rSmaoaysmfygNyD[k qHk;jzwfvdkufrdonf/

189
bouf\oabmxm;udkvnf; csD;rGrf;xkdufpGwum;/ rdrdESihfum; ,ckb0wGif
ewforD;ESihfNydwåmuJhokdY tvSrf;a0;uGmcJhawmhNyD/ þvdkjzpfí rdrdrSvJGvQifrl
,ck ukdboufomyifvQif rdrdudk,fwkdifcspftyfjrwfEdk;tyfaomtrmMuLESihf
rdrd\&ifaoG; om;uav;wdkY\ tEGHtwmwdkYukd cH,lapmihfa½Smuf xdef;odrf;
Ekdifrnfh a,musFm;aumif;wpfa,muf jzpfaomaMumihf remvdk0efwdkonfh
pdwfrsKd; csKd;ESdrfum rk'dwmjzpf&ef BudK;pm;&ayawmhrnf/
odef;[efudk,fwdkif rnfrQavmufMumatmif avmu\ywf0ef;usifukd
arhaerdonfrod? wa,mwpfvufukd ykduf&if; ai;rIdifaeaomolYa½SUodkY
rl;aphwpfaph cRifueJusvmrS 'ge½SifukdarmhMunfhvkdufrdonf/ xdkyk*¾dKvfrSm
wpfjcm;ol[kwfyg½dk;vm;? ukdboufrS ukdbouf/
olonf olYtazmfESihftwl [dkw,frS aysmfaysmf½Tif½Tif rdrdukdjzwfí
xGufoGm;ayNyD/ rdrdtm;pGefYBuJíyifoGm;ygao;uvm;/
odef;[efonf boufajymoGm;aom trmMuLwkdYwnf;cdkaeonfqdkonfh
vrf;eHygwfESihf tdrfeHygwfukd arhrSmpdk;í wdk;wdk;uav; ½Gwfzwf
o&ZÑm,fae&onf/
tcsdefum; naeckepfem&Dxdk;NyD;pomjzpfaomfvnf; nwm½Snfonfh jymokdv
jzpfojzihf nOD;bufodkYa&mufum oDw"gwfrsm; &efukefwpfNrdKUvHk; zHk;vTrf;
aeavNyD? aiGESif;rsm;vnf;wa0a0? avjynfuav;u wnHhnHh? ajroif;eHY
uav;uvnf; arT;wysHUysHU/
a&ausmf&mryGJrSm qkdif;wNidrfhNidrfhESihf pnfum;pjyKavNyD/ acgif;awmfawGudk
vmqufxm;Muaom ewfpifwGifvnf;aumif;? yJGoGm;yJGvm rdef;rBuD;i,f
wdkY\qHxHk;ay:wGifvnf;aumif;? yef;oZif abmfaiGjzLwdkYum; wMuLMuL
wazG;azG; tcdkifcsif;,SufaxG; aeMuavonf/

190
ESif;aiGUa0aeaom wkdufykuav;wpfwdkuf\ 0if;NcHab;0,f tm;tifukefcrf;
aompdwfjzihf rvIyfwvIyf? olYvuf0,fwa,mukdydkufvsuf arm[dkufpGm
avQmufvmolum; odef;[efyifjzpfavonf/ olawGUcsifaom trmMuLwdkY
vma&mufwnf;cdkaeonfh Adrmefuav;yif/
r&yfrem; ajy;oGm;vnfywfaecJhaom b0&[wfjcm;wGif b,fae&mrS
em;uGufr½Sd? r&yfwnfEdkifavmufatmif c&D;ESifae&olrdkY olYapwodufrSm
yifyef;EGrf;[kdufvsuf½SdaeygNyD/ tarmajya&uav;rSrawGU&/
om;ESihfr,m;onf oHa,mZOfaESmifBudK;tjzpf csnfwkyfNyD;jzpfvsuf tjyif;
txef pJGvrf;wrf;waponfh umrrD;omvQif a&iwfaeaomodef;[eftm;
ykdíykdíajcmufaoGUylavmiftm;jywfapatmif aoG;aqmifaeayawmhonf/
yef;NcHxJ0,f trmMuLESihfom;uav; armifodef;MuL/
olwdkYukd odef;[efawGUvkduf&onf/ 'DESpfOD;onf odef;[ef\ Oyg'gefjzpfzdkY&m
tm½Hkpkyifr[kwfygavm/
]]trm}} [k vSrf;ac:vkdufcsifonfhpdwfukd 0if;x&Hukdifí tm;yg;w&
csKyfxm;vdkuf&onf/
]]armifodef;MuL? om; upm;csif&if NcHxJrSmomupm;aemf? tjyif
rxGufeJYom;&,f}}
nifnifomomajymvdkufaom trmMuL\toHukd odef;[efMum;vkduf&ygNyD/
olYom;uav;emrnfu armifodef;MuL[k yxrqHk;Mum;vkduf&? odvkduf&
rSwfvdkuf&jcif;yifvQif wpfukd,fvHk; qwfqwfwkefatmif aomreóawG
jzpfay:cJhonf/
odkYaomf jzLjzLazG;azG; om;uav; vlvS? cspfp&m½kyft*Fgukd wdwfwqdwf
MunfharQmfvkduf&onf/ armifodef;MuL armifodef;MuL 'g ighom;uav;
armifodef;MuL wJh/

191
trmMuLu rdrdtm;b,favmufowd&aMumif; opöm½SdaMumif;udk om;uav;
emrnfwyfxm;yHkESihfyif odomxif½Sm;vSygNyD/
]]om; ihgom;? rif;uawmh ukdboufukd azazxifaerSmygyJaemf?
azazhukdawGUvkduf&if vefYajy;rSmyJ? om;eJYazazeJYawmh 'Db0rSmrawGU&
awmhbl;uG,f? a0;aygh a0;aygh? azazhtjypfaMumihf rif;uav; yaxG;vufrSm
rsufESmi,f&awmhrSmyJaemf? bmrSrodwwfwJht½G,fqdkawmh yaxG;jyKovdk
cH&awmhrSmyJ}}
wdk;wdk;nnf;íae&mrS ,ckawmh wif;cdkifxm;aom rsuf&nfwkdYyifvQif
rsufvHk;rSvQHusukefygNyD? NcH0wGif um;wpfpD;xdk;qdkufvkdufonf/ um;wGif;rS
qif;vmolrSm ukdboufyifjzpfonf/ odef;[efonf 0if;x&Hab;u
cyfvQKdvQKdra,mifrvnfvkyfae&onf/
]]a[m azazjyefvmNyD? azazjyefvmNyD}}
0rf;omtm;&atmfvkdufaom uav;\toHrSm odef;[ef\tonf;udk
eihfoGm;jyefaponf/ trmMuLESihf uav;wkdYu 0if;0txdxGufíBudKMuonf/
ukdbouf\vuffxJwGif zufpdrf;uav;ESihfxkyfvmaom oZifyef;awGum;
a0a0qmqm½SdvSonf/ trmMuLESihfuav;ukd ckrSodef;[efu rsufpdxGuf
rwwf tm;&yg;& eD;eD;em;em;MunfhcGihf&awmhonf/
rdrda½SUu uHkukrHyifawG umqD;xm;jyefojzihf ajczsm;axmufum
00BuD;Munfhvkdufonf/
odef;[efawGUcsifonfhuav;/
odef;[efjrifcsifonfh trmMuL/
trmMuLuawmh ,cifwkef;u½kyf&nfxuf wpfom;arG;í wpfaoG;vS
aeygonf/
uav;uav;uvnf; yuwdcspfp&m/

192
rdrdrSm uH pdwf Owk tm[m&aMumihf ½kyfwpfckvHk;ysufpD;csifwkdif; ysufpD;ae
onf/ olwdkYuawmh vScsifwkdif;vSaeonf/ þb0rSm pyf[yfvdkYjzihf
b,fenf;ESihfrSr&Edkifawmh/ rdrdrdkufjypfukdomyif BudwfcH&awmhrnf/
þtcsdefwGif yef;NcHxJ0,f ukdboufu trmMuLtm; oZifyef;xkyf
vSrf;ay;vdkufonf/ ,ciftcgu rdrdudk,fwkdif oZifyef;udk trmMuLtzdkY
0,fay;cJh\/ ,ckawmh rdrdukd,fpm; ukdboufu awmf0ifonfh oZifyef;jzihf
trmMuLvufukd urf;vdkufonf/
]]tdk trm rvdkcsifbl;ukdbouf? 'Dyef;udk 'DwpfoufrSm ryefawmh
bl;vdkYajymxm;wJhOpöm? cPcP0,fvmwm trmpdwfqdk;w,f}}
]]'gjzifhvnf; bk&m;wifvdkufwmaygh trm&,f}}
trmMuLESihfudkboufwkdY\ tcsDtcsajymMuaompum;ukd Mum;vkduf&aom
tcg odef;[efwGif tqrwef 0rf;ajrmufrdonf/
trmMuLum; rdrd0,fay;aomyef;rS yefcsifaMumif; xif½Sm;vSonf/
aemufNyD;awmh rdrdudk,fwdkif0,fay;cJhzl;aomyef;udk ,aeYwkdifrarhEkdifaMumif;
ay:vGifapjyefygonf/ aemufwpfaMumif;uvnf; ukdboufutrmMuL\
tvdkukd atmufuscHí vkdufavsmnif;aysmif; aygif;oif;qufqHaeaMumif;
xif½Sm;vSjyefonfhtwGuf odef;[eftzdkY ykdíykdíomvQif 0rf;omrdygonf/
trmMuLuyef;NcHuav;xJ½Sd cHkwef;vsm;uav;ay:wGif xdkifcsvdkufonf/
nmbufvufum; tem;odkYuyfvmaom armifodef;MuL\ycHk;uav;ukd
,k,k,,zufxm;ygonf/ rsufvHk;? rsufcHk;rSpí yg;uav;ESpfzuf
oG,fusvmyHkrSm odef;[efESifhwpfyHkwnf;jzpfaeaomaMumihf rdrd&ifaoG;tm;
½Ir0jzpf&jyefonf/ xdktwGif; ukdboufu trmMuL\b,fbufü
0ifxkdifvkdufonf/

193
tu,fíomrdrdukd,fwdkif boufae&m0ifxdkifvdkuf&vQif om;ESihfr,m;ESihf
wGwfwD;wGwfwm tcsDtcs ,k,MuifemíqHk;rnfr[kwf/ avmu\MunfEl;rI
t&omwGif EIdif;wk,SOfNydKifí tEkdifrawGUaumif;p&m/
,ckawmh rdrdrSmvnf; NcH0uai;arQmfae&½Hkom? ukdboufuvnf;
aysmfarGUpdwfcsNyD;aom rsufESmxm;rsKd;r[kwf? rykdif0ufarG;ae&ao;olyDyD
wnfwnfESihf trmhrsufESm&dyf rsufESmuJukdcwfae&½Smao;onf/ trmhrSm
aum MuifazmfMuifzuf oufESHcifyGef;r[kwfonfh olpdrf;jyifjyifESihf
,SOfxdkifae&jcif;aMumihf vdyfjymroefYwoefY xdwfvefY pdk;½GUHae&ao;ovdkvdk?
þvkdom odef;[efuawmh tuJcwfvdkufrdonf/ xdkYaMumihf rodem;rvnf
ao;aom uav;ukd >cif;csefí usefoHk;OD;pvHk;rSm uarmufur avmu
\vSnfhpm;jcif;udk oem;pzG,f cH,laeMu&onf/
odef;[eftzdkY xdkpdwfESihfxdktm½Hk aygif;qHkcJhrdojzihf ajray:rSmwifxm;
tyfaom ig;uJhokdY wzsyfzsyfwkefvIyfvsuf½Sdonf/ qwfqwfcg b,fvl;
nmvSdrfh vdrfhaeoa,mifa,mif? xdkpdwfESihf xdktm½HkwdkYaygif;qHkí aygufzGm;
cJhaom t&m0w¬Kum; avmifuRrf;vsuf½Sdaom rD;yifwnf;/
omrefrD;onf a&ajrawmawmifteEÅwdkYukd tqHktqr½Sd awmufavmif
apumrl jymtwdjzpf½Hkom? aemufqHk;um; at;Nidrf;apwwfao;\/
om;\'ku©? r,m;\'ku©jzihf cHpm;ae&½Smaom odef;[ef\rD;rsKd;onf
tpOfrjywf tawmrowf awmufavmifaeí b,fawmhrS at;Nidrf;NyD;
jymusvdrfhrnfr[kwf/
tNrJwap w[kef;[kef;jzihfom b0rwHk;rcsif; yljyif;pGmrcsdrqHhcH&awmhrnf/
at;Nidrf;jcif;\ qefYusifbufjzpfaom rD;/ xGufajrmuf&m\ wm;qD;jcif;
jzpfaom rD;/

194
xdkrD;wdkY\twdkif;t½SnfyrmP? tvHk;t&yf taumiftxnfjzihf tb,fol
onf azmfpGrf;jcif;iSm pGrf;aqmifEkdifygtHhenf;/ xdkrQyljyif;awmufavmifaom
rD;xJ0,f rD;avmifzkrsm;jzihf vl;vl;vSdrfhvSdrfh cHpm;&aom 'ku©onf
odef;[eftm; xdkrD;u b0ukdaomfvnf;aumif;? oHo&mukdaomfvnf;aumif;
us,fjyefYatmif avmifaeygOD;rnf/
]]trm}}
ukdbouf\toHukdMum;vdkuf&rS odef;[ef\vdyfjymrSm jyef0ifvmovdk/
ukdboufac:vkduf&wmu trmMuLrSm xdkif&mrSxí wkdufwGif;okdYjyef0ifoGm;
awmhrvdk vkyfaomaMumihfjzpfonf/ trmMuLonf ukdboufu ac:vkduf
aomaMumihf jyefíiJhum &yfMunfhaeavonf/
]]xkdifygOD;vm; trm}}
trmMuLuawmh twefuav;ikdifaeNyD;rS tm;emxkdif xkdifvdkufonf/
ukdboufu trmhrsufESmudk wpfcsuf MunfhvkdufNyD; rsufESmvTJvkduf&if;u
]]aeYcif;u bk&m;ay:rSm ukdboufajymwm pOf;pm;NyD;yvm; trm}} wJh/
xdkpum;\t"dyÜg,fukd Mum;u em;axmifae&aom odef;[eftzdkY
em;rvnfEkdifapumrl olwkYdtcsif;csif;twGufawmh t"dyÜg,w¬ jynfhpHkNyD;jzpf
[efwlonf/ trmMuLu awmfawmfESihftajzray;ao;/ onf[mukd
Munfhae&jcif;tm;jzihf odef;[efrSm [dkw,fwGifMum;cJh&aom pum;pyfESihf
quf[yfíoabmaygufvdkufygNyD/
trmMuLu ai;íae½Hkom½Sdonf/ bmpum;rSjyefrajym/
]]ukdboufiJhñSm&if u½kPmxm;xkdufygNyDtrm&,f}}
þpum;ukdajym&if; ukdboufu oufrcsvdkufNyD;rS qufvkdufjyefonf/
]]ukdbouf[m ig;ESpfvHk;vHk; ukd,fhpum;ukd ukd,f½dkaocJhw,f/ ukd,fhpdwfukd
ukd,fxdef;cJhw,f? trsm;tjrifrSm vif&,fvdkYtxifcH&ayr,fh ukdboufrSm

195
uav;xdef;eJY trmhtapcHBuD;vdk opöm½SdcJhwm trmukd,fwkdifodrSmaygh
trm&,f? tckaeawmh uav;ukdvnf; rcJGEdkfifawmhbl;? trmhukdvnf;}}
ukdboufu trmMuL\rsufESmukd vSrf;Munfhvkdufonf[k qkd&ayr,fh
MumMumpdkufrMunfh0Hhyg/ olajymcsifwmawGudk rsufESmaphaphMunfhíawmh
xGuf&uf[efrwl? trmMuLrlvnf; xdkenf;vnf;aumif;? rsufapmif;u
wpfjcm;ae&mrSm/
]]trmhukdvnf; oHa,mZOfBuD;oxufBuD;vmcJhNyD? aejrihfavt½l;&ifhavaygh
trm&,f? udk,fhrsufpdatmuf vufyGef;wwD; tNrJae&wmrdkY pdwfukd
csKyfwnf;ae&wm[m ukd,fhpdwfukdñSif;qJae&wmeJY bmrSrxl;ygbl;}}
ukdbouf\pum;ukd pOf;pm;vkdufawmh em;axmifaerdonfh odef;[efyif
ukd,fcsif;pmíoem;rdygao;onf/ olYpum;tjywfwGif þodkYompdwf0ifpm;
vkdufrdawmhonf/
]]'Dawmh wpfaeYaeYwpfcgcg aygufuGJoGm;rSmpdk;rdw,f? 'gjzihf&if ab;uif;
atmif rsufpduG,f&m? em;uG,f&m xGufoGm;ygawmhvm;vkdY qdkjyefawmhvnf;
tckeajymovdk uav;ukdvnf;rcJGEdkif? trmhukdvnf; rpGefYEkdif}}
xdkpum;tqHk;usawmh trmMuLu ukdboufukdapmif;iJhíMunfhvkdufonf/
ukdbouftMunfhESihf trmMuL tMunfh vrf;wGifqHkvdkufrdMu&m ESpfOD;pvHk;
½Sufukd;½Sufuef;ESihfjyefvSnfhoGm;Muonf/ NyD;onfhaemuf trmMuLu
aumif;uif½Sdvrif;BuD;ukd arQmfMunfhvkdufNyD; pOf;pm;ae[ef½Sdonf/
jrLESif;awGydwfqdkYí 0dk;w0g;rsufESmrIefaeaom vrif;udkomawGU&ayrnf/
yuwdtm;jzihf taumiftxnfray:awmh/ onfvdkyJ trmMuL\pdwf0,f
jrLESif;awG ydwfqdkYaeonf/ b0wnf;[laom jrLESif;tMum;rS
trmMuL&JUpdwfu rIefwrTm;rTm;/

196
odkYaomf ukdbouf\tepfemcHrI? tvdkvdkufrI? opöm½SdrI? atmufBudKUrI
wkdYonf trmMuLtzdkY rIefwrTm;rTm;xJu pOf;pm;p&mawGyifr[kwfygavm?
rIefrIefrTm;rTm;b0xJu iJhuGufp&m? u½kPmoufp&m/
NcHtjyifu Mum;ae&? jrifae&aomodef;[eftzdkY puf½Sif½Hk;u aoap½Sifap
trdefYrsKd;ukd vlowfrIESihfpJGcsuf twifcH&onfh w&m;cHtvm; r½dk;r½G
xdwfxdwfysmysm &ifwzdkzdkESihf apmifhpm;emcHae&onf/
trmMuLu b,fvdkajzvdkufyghrvJ/
tckaetrmMuLu ]ukdboufukd trmoem;ygw,f} [k ajymvdkuf&if
ighpdwfb,fvdkjzpfoGm;rvJ? bk&m; odMum;rvdkY jiif;vdkufygap/
odef;[efu olYpdwfxJu olY[molqkawmif;aerdonf/
]]tdk olu jiif;vkdufygNyDwJh? ighrSmarQmfvihfcsuf½Sdao;vkdYvm;? ig0ifNyD;
tawGUcHEkdifwJhb0rdkY ESajrmae&wm o0efaMumifae&wmvm;? ighaMumifh
olYcrsmaeY½Sdoa½GUpdwf'ku©a&mufae&½Smw,f? tcspfuif;NyD; ajcmufaoGUw
Jhb0rSm ysif;ysif;&d&deJY pdwåZa0'emcHpm;ae&½Smw,f? olYukdcspfwJhvlucspf&if
aysmfaysmf½Tif½TifaeoGm;ygapawmh? igremvdkvdkY rjzpfawmhygbl;? ukdbouf
vdkatmufuscHNyD; tvdkvdkufr,fholeJYqdk&if olpdwfaysmfavmufygNyD/ trma&
ukdbouf pum;em;axmifvdkufygawmh? odef;[efukd 'Db0rSmjzihf arQmfvihf
raeygeJYawmh? ukdodef;[ef cGihfjyKygw,f? auseyfygw,f}}
olYpdwful;xJrSm wdk;wdk;a&½Gwfaeoavmuf rsuf&nfrSmawmh twm;tqD;r½Sd
yg;jyif0,fvSdrfhvsuf pD;qif;aeonf/ ol\wpfukd,fvHk;rSm &yfwnf&mr&Ekdif
ouJhodkY wkefwkef,if,ifjzpfae½Smonf/ xdktwGif;trmMuLu jznf;jznf;
av;av; toHxGufvmygNyD/

197
]][kwfygw,f ukdbouf ukdboufajymvnf;ajymp&mygyJ? bmjzpfjzpf
a,musFm;yDopGmeJY ig;ESpfvHk;vHk; "g;pm0ifcHaewmawmh trmav;pm;ygw,f/
aus;Zl;vnf;wifygw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY ukdboufukd trm}}
trmMuLu apmifh½Smygao;onf/
ukdbouf 'Dvdkajymwmukd Mum;&ufygNyD trmMuL&,f?
onf[mu odef;[ef olYpdwfukdolvSnfhpm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ rvSnfhpm;vdkY
aumjzpfyghrvm; odef;[ef&,f? 'if;ukd,fwkdif tjypfuif;wJhtrmMuLukd
awmhrsm; vSnfhpm;oGm;NyDr[kwfvm;/ onfvdkaMumihf odef;[efu rdrdpdwfukd
BudK;pm;NyD;jyKjyifonf/ wu,fharwåmppfESifhiJhñSmrdawmhí aemufqHk;trmMuLU
tay:wGif cspfavmb xdef;odrf;&cJh oavmuf rdrdtom;ESihfwpfcgrQyif
rwdkYrxd rayGUrcsD rerf;r½IyfcJhzl;onfh om;uav;ukd ,k,csifao;onf/
jr§Lcsifao;onf/
'guawmh [kwf½Smayonf/ &ifaoG;ayukd;/ rMuif&ao;wJh vluav;udkawmh
odef;[efrjr§LcsifbJaeyghrvm;/
trmMuL\oufjyif;csoHjzpfonf/ odef;[efu xdktm½HkrS onftm½HkokdY
ajymif;vTJNyD; trmMuL&JUoufjyif;csoHukd pdwf0ifpm;vkdufygonf/
]]aumif;NyD ukdbouf? uRefr ukdboufukdiJhñSmygawmhr,f? yJcl;ukd
jyefra&mufrcsif;awmh vGwfvGwfvyfvyf aeyg&ap}}
trmMuL\tajzukd odef;[efMum;vkduf&ygNyD? ukdboufu trmMuL\
tcspfukd atmufBudKUtoem;cHoHukd Mum;&ufygw,f qdkygpdkY? trmMuL&JU
cspfygw,fqdkwJhtajzukdaum? 'gu odef;[eftzdkYjyif;xefvSaoma0'emyif
jzpfygawmhonf/ rcHr&yfEdkif tonf;qwfqwfcg emNyD;&if;em&if;jzihf
jyif;jyvSaom Oyg'gefaZm0,f arsmumae&rnfh tm½Hkwpfckr[kwfygavm/

198
]]tdk ukdbouf0rf;omygNyD? 0rf;omvSygNyD? trmMuLwpfoufrSm
pdwfcsrf;omovdk ukdboufaygif;oGm;yghr,f/ aus;Zl;wifw,f trm}}
ajymajymqdkqdk boufuxdkif&mrSxvkdufonf/ aemufNyD;awmh trmMuL&JU
yg;uav;udk iHkYNyD;½Idufvkdufonf/ onfvdk ukdbouf\terf;ukd trmMuL
tzdkYbmrQ rwkefvIyfcJhaomfvnf; NcHab;uodef;[efrSmawmh xdkae&mrSmyif
csmcsmvnfoGm;onf[kxif&onf/ olYrsufvHk;rSm 0dk;ceJ 0if;ceJ vufceJjzihf
rsufpdukd oJESihfyufvdkufbdouJhokdY tcH&cufae½Smonf/
]]awmfNyD awmfNyD olwdkYpdwfauseyf&if pdwfcsrf;om&if ig 0rf;om&r,f
r[kwfvm;}}
ol onfvdk pdwfukd twif;qHk;jzwfvdkufonf/ rqHk;jzwfívnf;rjzpf? roefY
aya& rowDp&mjzpfaeaom b0ESihf tjypfuif;pifaom trmMuL?
om;uav; armifodef;MuL b0wkdYrSm qufpyfvdkYr&ay/
okdYtwGuf odef;[efu olYpdwfukd olY[mol qHk;jzwfvkdufonf/ odkYaomf
trmMuLESihfom;uav;ukd EIwfqufcsif½Smao;onf/ odkYayr,fh vlYb0
wpfckwnf;rSmyif rac:Edkif? rajymEkdif? razmfEkdifaomtjzpfrdkY olYvufwGif;u
wa,meJYyJ EIwfquf&ayawmhrnf/

]]onfaqmif;a[rmef ajrmufjyefavnif; aqmfw,fukd ewfawmf jymokdY

cGgñkdwnfh ESif;zHkzHk}}

vIdufvSJaMuuJGonfh oDcsif;oHuav;onf om,mEGJUaysmif;pGm n\aiGESif;

rIefMum;rSxGufay:cJhygNyD/ odef;[ef wpfouftzkdY wpfBudrfwD;í taumif;
qHk; qdkítaumif;qHk;jzpfygonf/ þtwD;ESihfþtqdkwdkYum; odef;[ef\

199
a0'emcHpm;&csufESihf,SOfíxGufay:vmcJhojzihf
obm0\tqdktwD;yifjzpfygonf/
oDcsif;oHuav;ukd trmMuL Mum;vkduf&í tHhtm;oihfoGm;ygonf/
zat\0goemADZygvmaom armifodef;MuLuav;um;
]]a[m arar oDcsif;qdkaeNyD}} [k ajymajymqdkqdk odef;[ef½Sd&m
0if;tjyifbufodkY xGufajy;vmonf/
ckrS om;t&if;ukd tm;&yg;&Munfh&ayawmhrnf/ tm;&yg;&Munfh½Hkwif
r[kwfbJ rdrd&ifcGif0,f ayGUykdufNyD; arT;[efjyKvkyfrnfhqJqJ odef;[ef
owd&vmonf/
rdrd\roefYpifaom tom;ta&jzihf rGefjrwfEke,faom uav;ukd rxd&uf
rukdif&ufojzihf tHukduf&if; vufukdtom½kyfvkduf&onf/
uav;i,fum; teD;odkYuyfvm&if; odef;[efukdjrifvkdufonfESihfwpfNydKifeuf
]]tr,fav; arar aMumufp&mBuD;}} [k atmfum vefYNyD;ajy;onf/
trmMuLu aemufuvkdufvm&if; om;ukd qD;BudKzufxm;onf/ odef;[ef
tzdkY armifodef;MuL\vefYatmfoHaMumihf rdrdb0qdk;ukd ykdí taumiftxnf
ay:vmojzihf rsKdodyf&aom'ku©rSm aygufuJGvkeD;vmygNyD/
]][Jh vluav;&JU 'DvdkrajymeJY? i&JBuD;wwfw,f}}
ajymajymqdkqdk uav;\vufukdqJGí odef;[efa½SUwnfhwnfh0,f &yfvkduf
ygonf/ b0qdk;\zdpD;ESdyfpufcJhaom 'Pfcsufrsm;jzihf jynfhESufvsuf½Sdaom
odef;[ef\rsufESm/ cspfaomolwdkY\ rsufpdarSmufrSmyif rac:&rajym&bJ
b0wpfckwnf;rSm auGuGif;qif;&JrIESihf tNrJwap ESdyfpuftyfaom
'ku©csufrsm; jynfhESufvsuf½Sdaom odef;[ef\ rsufESm/
onfrsufESmukd trmMuLtm; b,fvdkjy&rnfrodyg/ rcsdaoma0'emjzifhom
acgif;ukdwGifwGifBuD; iHkYae&½Smonf/

200
]]'DrSm bBuD; aeraumif;bl;vm;[if? ykdufqHvdkcsifvdkYvm;}}
trmMuLu ar;vkdufonf/
]]trm trm ukdodef;[ef&,fav? trmopöm½Sd½SdeJY 5 ESpfvHk;vHk; apmifharQmf
aewJh? trmtvdk½SdwJh i,fcspfOD;yguG,f}} onfvdk tajzay;csifvSonf/
rdrdrdkufrSm;rIjzihf epfrGef;&aomb0ukd txkyfajzovdkajzíomjyvkdufcsifyg\/
odkYaomf vGefcJhNyD uRHcJhNyDjzpfaom rdrdrdkufrJrIukdomvQif rdrdjyKcJhrdojzihf
wpfukd,fvHk;a&m*ga0'emzdpD;um ½kyftqif;u azmufjyefaeygNyD/
]][kwfygw,fcifAsm? ykdufqHvdkcsifvdkYyg}} [k yg;pyfu rajzaomfvnf;
BudwfrSdwfNyD; acgif;ndwfum ZGwf tajzay;vdkufonf/
]]'gjzihf&if½Sif wqdwfavmuf 'DoDcsif;ukdrqdkbJeJY awmf&mukdxGufoGm;
ygawmhaemf? uRefr 'DoDcsif;oHukd rMum;yg&apeJY}}[k ajymajymqdkqdk
acR;cHtusÐtdwfxJokdY vufEIduf&if;xkwfay;onf/
onfaqmif;a[rmefoDcsif;ukd rMum;csifbl;wJh? rSefonf/ rSefvGef;vdkY
odef;[efu ykdNyD;rcsdrdonf/ onfaqmif;a[rmefoDcsif;udk rdrduyif trmeJY
tcspfysKd;pOfu 'DoDcsif;udkyJwufay;onf/ ckawmholYcrsm Mum;csifvdrfhrnf
r[kwf/
]]trm trm 'DvdkajymEkdifygw,fuG,f? ajymawmh ajymawmh trm tm;&yg;&
ajymvdkufyguG,f}}
olYpdwfxJu a&½Gwfaeonf/ odkYaomf vuf0g;ay:rSmawmh trm
ay;xm;cJhonfh ig;rl;aph wpfaph/
olYtcspfqHk;trmESihf uav;yifvQif onftem;rSm r½SdMuawmh? aiGESif;rIef
Mum;rS azmfrJhol a&m*gonfBuD;ESihf trmay;cJhonfh ig;rl;aphwpfaphomvQif
rvIyfr,Suf oufrJhouf½SdESpfOD;pvHk;yif NidrfoufaeMuonf/ odkYaomf
avmavmq,f trmay;cJhaom igrl;aphonf ylylaEG;aEG;½Sdygao;onf/

201
acR;cHtusÐxJrS ,ckyifxkwfay;aom ykdufqHjzpfí trmMuL\ taiGUuav;
rsm;rSm ig;rl;aphwGif BudKifBudKifoif;aeygonf/
onftaiGUom odef;[efcspf&ayrnf/ tawGUuawmh b,fawmhrS
cspf&vdrfhrnfr[kwf? wpfb0wmukd rqdkxm;bd? oHo&mrqHk;rcsif;
ig;rl;aphrS trmMuL\taiGUomvQif cspf&ygrnf/ b0uHw&m;u odef;[efvdk
opömrJholukd taiGUjzihf cspfatmifom zefqif;cJhonf/ tawGUukd r&awmh
rnfhtqHk;pGefü onftaiGUomvQif trmMuLu ay;cJhaom qk[lí
odef;[efu ,lqvkdufonf/
ig;rl;aphu trmMuLtaiGUuawmh ,aeYyJ jy,fcsifjy,frnf/ eufjzefobuf
yifvQif jy,fcsifjy,frnf/ tpOf xm0&rwnfNrJEkdif/
odkYaomf odef;[eftzdkY b0rqHk;rcsif; oHo&mrqHk;rcsif; b,fawmhrSjy,fvdrfh
rnfr[kwf? odkYaMumihf onfig;rl;aphukd tdwfxJwGif rxnfh&ufbJ vufwGif
uspfuspfygatmif qkyfxm;vkdufonf/
qkwfxm;aomvufrS ig;rl;aphukdajzíMunfhvkdufjyefygao;onf/ roJruGJ
jzLjzL0dkif;0dkif;uav;onf odef;[ef\ rsuf&nfptMum;rS 0dk;w0g;omvQif
rIefoJhoJhuav;xifaeonf/ ESif;aiGUrsm;rSmvnf; apmapmuxufyif ykdí
rIefa0vmonf/ ykdíqdkif;vmonf/ vif;a&mifjcnfyifvQif oJoJrJrJ
rvif;Edkif½Sm/ rIefrTm;rTm;eJY oJhoJha&mifjcnf 0dk;w0g;omvQif vif;Ekdif
awmhonf/ rsuf&nfpwpfayguf ESpfayguf/
0kdif;0kdif;jzLaeaom ig;rl;aphtay:0,f odef;[ef\ wpfayguf ESpfaygufaom
rsuf&nfponf tHkzJGUvsuf½Sd ygonf/ qdkif;aeaom jrL? usaeaom
ESif;rsm;xuf ig;rl;aphwGif pGef;xif;tyfaom rsuf&nfp wpfayguf
ESpfaygufu ykdítiftm;xkxnfBuD;rm;vSonf/ ork',aESmifzJGUí Oyg'gefukd

202
a½SU½Ivsuf wyfjcif;&m*ukdtajcjyKum ylaqG;rI? wrf;wrI aMuuJGrIwkdYjzihf
tzefwvJvJ ESdyfpufjyKjyiftyfaom 'ku©tMum;rS ,dkpD;vmaomrsuf&nf/
a[rEÅOwkaqmif;ayrdkY at;jraom&moD\tHkzJGUrIaMumihf jrLrIefuqkdif;NyD;
aumif;uifuESif;awG tvdIif;BuD;pGm wajzmufajzmufusaeaom obm0
OwkxJu aiGESif;ykvJO/
onfESpfck EIdif;,SOfMunfhjyefygu ESif;&nfxuf xdkrsuf&nfonf ykdí
tiftm;xkxnfBuD;onf r[kwfygvm;/
wa,mukd&if0,fykdufí ig;rl;aphukd vuf0,fuspfuspfygatmifqkwfvsuf
trmMuLwkdYwdkufukd ausmay; oGm;aeaom 'ku©onfodef;[efum; jrLrIefMum;
rD;wkdifatmifu vrf;ay:0,f wa½GUa½GUom vIyf½Sm;oGm;aeawmhonf/
]]tr,fav; aoygNyDawmf}} [laom pl;½Sonfh rdef;rtoHESihftwl
vlrsm;0kdif;tHkvmMuygonf/ aywpf&m vrf;ray:wGif avmf&Dum;BuD;rSm
NidrfhueJxdk;&yfvdkufonf/ wa,muav;rSm odef;[efteD;wGif r½IrvS aMurG
ysufpD;um aoG;prsm;ayusHvsuf½dSonf/ odef;[efum;aoG;tvdrf;vdrf;ESihf
ol\wa,muav;ESihftwl aMurG ysufpD;ygawmhrnf/ olonf vla&m
wa,myg armfawmfum;pmjzpfí b0opfqDodkY ajy;0ifoGm;jcif;jzpfygonf/
0kdif;MunfhaeMuaomvlawGxJu rdef;uav;wpfa,mufukdawmh ZD0dwda`E´
csKyfNidrf;cgeD;uav; olYtawG;ESihf rsufpdxJ0,f trmMuLyJ[k xifvkduf
rdonf/
]]trm}}
wdk;wdk;uav;nnf;ñlvkdufonfhtqHk; olYcrsm toufxGufoGm;½SmygNyD/
okdYayr,fh trmhxHrS ig;rl;aphu ol\nmvuf0,f uspfuspfygatmif
qkyfvsufom½Sdygonf/ ol\aemufqHk;EIwfqufcJhonfh trm[laom
nnf;ñl wrf;woHuav;ukdawmh rnfolrQ t"dyÜg,fem;rvnfMu/

203
ab;yef;u0kdif;tHkMunfhaeaomvlrsm; em;vnfonfjzpfap? em;rvnfonf
jzpfap odef;[eftzkdYawmh b0qHk;cgeD; trmukdEIwfqufoGm;&ygrnf/
trmawmhMum;rdavovm;? Mum;rnfawmhrxifyg/
tvIdif;BuD;aomtm½HkaZm\ wG,frd&m0dnmOfuvnf; jzpf&mb0wpfyg;u
aeNyD; trmtm;EIwfqufygvdrfhrnf/
xdktcsdefwGif ESif;aiGUrsm; a0SUuma0SUumoef;aeonf/ '½kdifbmESihfwuG
ab;rS0kdif;tHkMunfhaeaomvlrsm;onf odef;[efqkyfukdifxm;aom nmvufukd
twif;qJGjznfMunfh\/
jznfvdkYr&? tb,ft&m0w¬Kenf;/
olwdkYodzdkYrvdkyg? onft&m0w¬Ku odef;[efomodonf/ odvdkYom
uspfuspfygatmif qkyfvsuf jzpf&mb0u onfig;rl;aphrS uyfygvmaom
trmMuL\taiGUuav;ESihf cspfwif;qdkae&ygrnf/ rMumrD olemjyKum;BuD;
wpfpD; odef;[ef\½kyfuvmyfudkwifí vlMum;xJrSxGufoGm;ygNyD/ cE¨mukd,f
ukdom o,foGm;EkdifMuayrnf/ pdwf0w¬Kukdawmh trmMuLESihfom;uav;
tem;u cJGxkwfEkdifMurnfrxifyg/
&ifcJG½Hk\ tjyifbufrSm jrLESif;rsm; wzGm;zGm;usvsuf½Sdonf/ rwkefrvIyf
yuwdtm;jzihf tpefYom;pif;pif;BuD; vJavsmif;aeaom odef;[efqdkygawmh?
odef;[ef[k ynwfcJhonfh OwkZ½kyf/ qkwfxm;aomol\nmbufvufukd
ñSyfrsm;jzihf qJG,ljzefYvkdufonf/ jzLjzL0kdif;0kdif; ig;rl;aphuav;onf
orHwvif;jyif0,f cRifceJusoGm;onf/
þig;rl;aphukd odef;[efb0wpfyg;okdY o,faqmifr,lEdkifawmhNyD/ odkYayr,fh
þig;rl;aphjym;0,f pGef;xif;aevsuf½Sdaom trmMuL\ taiGUudkawmh
o,faqmifoGm;ygNyD/

204
ESif;aiGUMum;xJ0,f ol\0dnmOfu wa&;a&;w&dyf&dyfjzihf us,fjyefYaom
tmumoaumif;uifxJü trmMuLtm; onfaqmif;a[rmefoDcsif;udk
oDqdkjyaeOD;rSmvm;/
trmMuLu rMum;csifawmh wJh/
odef;[efraorDuyif odoGm;½Smygonf/ odívnf; jzpf&mb0 a&muf&m
b0uawmh 'DoDcsif;ukd oDqdkvdrfhrnf rxif/
okdYaomf bmyJjzpfjzpf ork',tjrpfwG,fí pJGvrf;rIOyg'gefaMumifh
tqHk;tpr½Sdaom b0BuD;onf odef;[efukd qD;BudKvihfvsuf½SdygNyD/
tb,f odef;[ef/ oifum; trmMuL? armifodef;MuLESihfwuG om,m
emaysmfzG,faumif;aom onfaqmif;a[rmefoDcsif;? þoHk;ck\ tpJGBuD;rI
aMumihfom wa,mukdykdufvsuf aiGESif;awGtMum;xJrSm oHo&mvnfaeOD;
rSmygvm;? r&yfrem;ajy;vTm;NyD; usifvnfusufpm;ae&OD;rSmygvm;uG,f/

]]onfaqmif;a[rmef ajrmufjyefavñSif; aqmfw,fukd ewfawmf jymokd

cGgñdkwnfh ESif;zHkzHk}}

'Dwpfcgawmh odef;[ef\EIwfrSr[kwf? teD;tyg;u a&'D,dkrS *DwvIdif;

uav;onf Moumoavmu0,f wnif;nif; wtdtd upm;aeawmh
onfomwnf;/

okcDtwåmeH y&d[&EÅK

okc
31.3.1953

205
206