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vSyonf[k csJUxGif&efvdkrnf r[kwfawmYacs/
q&mawmfb&k m;onfum; xrif;td;k wvk;H csuf omomBu;D Mumatmif tcsed jf zKe;f vsu?f oDwif;ok;H awmfrNl y;D rS
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q&mawmfbk&m;udk,fwdkif qGrf;0wftwGuf MuGvmonfudkyif 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfí aeMuav\/ q&mawmf\
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]] udkif; igY½Sif ZedE´ ...eifY rmwkumruav;udk eifYrsufpdxJu awG;awmxifjrifprf;[JY ...}}
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idkifíaerd&mrS ]][if}}[k tHYtm;oifYu &yfíae&m? q&mawmfbk&m;u ]]igY½Sif ZedE´ ...owdxm; owdxm;}}[k
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 ]]aMomf ...'umrBu;D wdYk jyefvmMuNyu D ;kd ...}}[k rdeaYf wmfr&l if; qkay;oem;ae&m? ½SiZf edEr´ mS t0wftpm;
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]] 'DawmY &[ef;ysKduvJ olYrSm C&m0goqdkwJY vlYabmifudkvGwfatmif½kef;NyD; &[ef;jyK&wJY[mrdkY b,fenf;
ESifYrQ vljyefawmfvkyfNyD; arwåmouf0if cspfcifjcif;rjyKEdkifbl;vdkY jiif;qefaewmudk;? olMuG,fu twefwef
avQmufayr,fY r&awmYbl;? aemuf olMuG,fvJ tdrfudkjyefoGm;wJYNyD; &[ef;ujzifY vlrxGufEdkifbl;vdkY ajymw,f?
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wcgxJ toufqkH;½SmowJY/ 'DawmYrSm olMuG,fvJ y&da'0rD;awmufavmifNyD; orD;udk oN*FKd[f½Smw,f? orD;&JU
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&ao;wmud;k / tdr;f 'Dt0wf½iS f 'umrav;[m igYaMumifY toufq;Hk wmyguvm; ...igYaMumifyY guvm;eJY &m*ylBu;D
0ifvdkufwm? tJ'D&[ef;ysKdvJ toufqkH;½Sma&mwJY? &m*qdkwJYtyl[m onfxdatmifqdk;wJY obm0uGJU/ 'DawmY
'Dtaumif ukpm;zdaYk q;enf;udk igY½iS w f Ykd BuMH uprf;ygOD; ...}}[k rdeaYf wmfr&l m wynfrh sm;rSm eef;EG,Ef iS Yf ay;pm;onf
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av\/ q&mawmfbk&m;vnf; ]]tdrf; ...tawmfvJ 0efav;yguvm; ...}}[k nnf;wGm;aeawmfrl½Smav\/

tcef; ( 2 )

½SiZf edE\
´ tjzpftysuo f nf oefvsiNf rKUd twGif tcsKUd tdrrf sm;odYk wd;k wd;k Buw d Bf uwd f ysUH ESo
YH mG ;av\/ uRe;f wdik f
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rdNidrf;omESifY reef;EG,fuav;wdkYonf wpkHw&mudk wD;wdk;ajymqdkvsuf½SdMuav\/ reef;EG,fuav;rSm
NyK;H ra,mifa,mifEiS Yf rsuEf mS uav;nKv d ukd ?f nSK;d i,fvu
kd ?f ylaqG;[efaygufvu kd Ef iS aYf ejcif;jzifY pdwEf v S ;Hk udk xdcukd af om
taMumif;t&mudk ajymqdkaeMuonfudk cefYrSef;Edkifav\/ rdNidrf;omum; vuf[efajc[efESifY ...
]] bk&m;uRerf &JUarmif ausmaf omif;[m tJ'aD usmif;rSmaeawmY ausmaf omif;tdrv f m&if tukeo f &d wmbJ?
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Mum½SmNyw D /YJ EG,Ef , G u f vnf; toufawmfwm 13ESpjf ynfch geD;uav;omqdw k ,f? ud, k v f ;Hk ud,
k af ygufu 0g;rQppf BYkd u;D vdk
uspfvpf0g0if; xGm;BuKdif;acsmarGUwmudk; bk&mY ...}}
]] 'Dvdkqdk&if ol½dkUu arwåm½SdMua&mvm; rNidrf;om&JU ...}}[k oabm½dk;uav;ESifY ar;jref;vdkuf&m?
rdNidrf;omrSm NyKH;&,fvsuf ...
]] aMomf ...EG,fEG,fuawmY tupm;rysuf uav;pdwfraysmufao;bl;/ 'gayr,fY EG,fEG,f&JU [efyef
trlt&m ½ky&f nf½yl um,uawmY wu,ft Y ysKBd u;D jzpfaeNy/D em;axmifawmfryl gOD;? olcY rsm qGr;f rpm;Edik b f J wrSKid x f J
rSKdifaeawmY q&mawmfu oem;wmeJY udk,fawmfwdkif qGrf;cHxGufMuGNyD; 'Dtdrfawmfudk aeYwdkif;wufawmfrlowJY/
aemufawmY w&m;eJjY yoqk;H rayr,fY r&bl;qdu k ;kd / wynhaf wmfawmY olt Y wGuef t YJ oufw&kd awmYr,fvYkd avQmufxm;
owJ/Y 'geJY q&mawmfb&k m;vnf; wynhu f &kd ifwyg;udk EG,Ef , G &f UJ tay;eJY pmwapmifa&;Ny;D ay;apowJ/Y EG,Ef , G u f
arwåmr½Sdbl;? 'Dvdkvl bmtokH;usovJqdkwJY t"dyÜg,feJYaygYav ...}}
]] tvdk bk&m;a& ...EG,fEG,f bmrSrod&ygbJuvm;? b,fYES,fvkyfMuwmwkef; ...}}
]] 'g[m q&mawmfYtBuHwJY? EG,fEG,fu rkef;&if ol &[ef;abmifjrJ&JUvdkYwJY ...}}
]] tEdkY ol &[ef;abmifwufzdkY BuKd;pm;ae½SmywJYvm; ...}}
]] b,fBuKd;pm;EdkifrvJ ...ckeuajymygyaum? udk&ifjyefwyg;udk ½Gmu oN*FKd[f&awmYrSmyJ ...}}[k rdrd
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ajymjycsut f & rdro d nf ri,fawmYaMumif;udk yxr em;vnfav\/ xdo k Ykd tysKad ygufp tysKad bmf0ifpwGif vkvifysKd
wdo Yk nf arwåmul;pufum cspb f uf½mS vdMk upjryJ gvm; [laom obm0udv k nf; od½o dS mG ;av\/ xdrk w S zef rdrad MumifY
vlwzufom; 'kua© &muf½mS onf [laom owif;udMk um;&jyefaomtcg pdwEf v S ;Hk udk ,lBuK;H ypfvu kd o f uJo Y Ykd xdcu kd f
oGm;av\/ ½SiZf edE\ ´ ud, k v f ;Hk ud,k af yguf? ½kyv f u©Pm [efyeftrlt&mrsm;udv k nf; t½kyaf &;jyouJo Y Ykd ay:ayguf
vmcJYavawmY\/
tapcHr\ a½SUüum; ]]aMomf ...oem;p&myguvm;}}[k omrnom [efaqmifajymqdkvdkufaomfvnf;
twGif;pdwfrSmrl tawmfylavmifí oGm;½Smav\/ avmuü jzpfwwfaom obm0yifwnf;/ at;at;aq;aq;
aexdik cf aYJ om reef;EG,u f av;onf pdwEf v S ;Hk udk rnfrQxcd u kd ½f mS oenf; [lru l m;? xdo k wif; Mum;&onft h csed u f pí
xdktaMumif;udkom wawG;xJawG; wylxJylESifY aerd½Smav&m? tpm;rrSef ttdyfrrSefawmYbJ ESpf&uftMumwGif
anmifapmif;ay:ü acGacGuav; ae&m½SmavawmY\/ rdbESpyf g;rSmum; jymjymovJjzpfí aeMu½Smav\/ ud, k rf yl
acgif;rcJbJ tdyf&mxJwGifvJaeonfh a&m*gudkrodMu? aq;q&mrsm;udk jyo&müvnf; a&m*gudk rqkH;jzwfEdkif?/
aA'ifEiS Yf ya,m*q&m? ewf0ifypk mä ef;wdu Yk kd ar;aomtcgvnf; rdrw d t
Ykd ,loef&mudk ajymqdq k ;Hk jzwfvsuaf eMuojzifY
tcufBu;D cufíaeMu&mrS 0efuawmfBu;D onf tapcHrsm;udk wOD;pD ppfaq;av\/ rdNird ;f om tvSno hf aYkd &mufvQif
½SiZf edEt
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acsmaY rmYar;Muav\/ reef;EG,u f av;vnf; rjiif;omojzifY [kwrf eS af Mumif;0efc&H m? 0efrif;ESiYf 0efuawmfBu;D onf
tjyifbufodkYxGufum wdkifyifMujyefav\/
]] uRefrawmY odyfNyD;½SufawmYwmbJ? trdEdkYrS rpifao;bl; 'Dvdkjzpf&w,fqdkwm ...}}
]] r[kwfbl; ½Sifr? a½S;b0u a&pufyg&if BuD;aomi,faomr[kwfbl;? jzpfwwfwJY obm0bJ ...}}
]] olYpdwf wcgxJjywfoGm;atmif [dk armif½SifaoNyDvdkY ajymvdkufMupdkYvm; ...}}
]] [m ...'Dvq kd &kd ifvJ olvnf; wcgxJaooGm;rSmaygY? usKyo f abmawmY orD;tqk;H rcHEikd b f ;l / armif½iS u f kd
vlxu G cf ikd ;f Ny;D aMumif;vrf;xm;vdu k rf ,f? [kad ½S;a½S;wke;f uxkpH v H kd orD;½Siu f oruf½mS &wmbJjzpfjzpf orD;rao&if
NyD;a&maygY ...}}
]] uRefrvJ udk,fvG,farG;&wmygbJ ...'gayr,fY 'djyifenf;vrf; r½SdawmYbl;vm; ...}}
]] r½Sdbl; r½Sdbl; ...½SifrbJ oGm;NyD; armif½SifudkvlxGufcdkif;? tdrfac:cJYr,fYtaMumif;udk ajymayawmY?
[kwfvm; ...olYpdwfoufom&m&atmif ajymygaemf ...}}
]] [dk armif½Sifu Mum;&wJYowif;twdkif;jzifY aorsm;aoaerSef;rS rodbJ ...}}
]] tdk ...aorS aowJt Y vdu k af ygY? oleY m;rSm owif;aumif;Mum;&if oufomygvdrrYf ,f ...}}[k qdo k jzifY
0efuawmfBu;D vnf; orD;\tcef;od0Yk ifum taptyg;rsm;udk tjyifox Ykd u G af pav\/ xdaYk emuf orD;\ ezl;qHpwdu Yk kd
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'Dvdkjzpfwwfw,fvdkY crnf;awmfuvJ ajymqdkae½Smygw,f? orD; pdwfaumif;atmifaeyg? [dk armif½Sifudk vdifjyef
cdkif;NyD; ae&mcsxm; ay;ygvdrfYr,f ...}}[k ajzmif;jzajymqdk½Smav\/ reef;EG,f\ rsufESmtrlt,muav;rSm
tenf;i,f Munfvifívmav\/ wzef rarQmfvifYaom rdrdpdwf\jzpfysufykHudk awG;½Sufum rsuf&nfrsm;usqif;
vmjyefav\/
q&mawmfb&k m;um; vlrrm ½SiZf edE\ ´ eHab;wGix f ikd u f m vlrrm\ZmwmcGiu f kd yk&ydu
k w
f ckwiG f uefu
Y q
l EH iS Yf
jcpfum wGufcsufMunfh½SKaeawmfrlvsuf½Sdav\/
]] igYwynfh bmrSrjzpfEdkifbl;? tcdkuftwefYroifYwJYtcg 'DvdkBuKHawGU&wmbJ? odrfv*frSm we*FaEG-t*Fg
yl;NyD; Ak'¨[l;u uef&moDrSmaew,f? wynfhvJ em;vnfw,fr[kwfvm; ...tck tm,ku 12vkH; 2yg'f 3ADZem
qdkawmY uk#KrÜtdrfrSm pkwftdrfpkwfBuKdufbJ? 'gayr,fY eu©wåduD'omeJYqdk&if Mumoyaw; xlv'omrSm &m[k
tEÅ&'om pm;qJtcdkuftwefYuav;rSm 'Dvdkzsm;aewmbJ? aumZm&m[ku od[f&moD? paeu yxPDtdrfrSm
qdkawmY 'guav;wck enf;enf;qdk;ayr,fY raxmif;wmygbl;? igYwynfh rausmfapmbJ ppfolBuD;rjzpfbJ raoEdkif
ygbl;uG,f ...}}[k tm;ay;pum;ajymMum;awmfral omfvnf;? vlrrmrSm rsuv f ;Hk zGiMYf unf½h x Hk ufyí
kd bmrSrajymEdik f
½Smacs/ cyfawGawG aMumifwufwufjzpfíom aeawmY\/ xdktcdkuf ausmif;om;wa,muf q&mawmfbk&m;tm;
0wfcsum oefvsif0efrif;a&muf½SdaeaMumif; ajymqdkav&m? q&mawmfbk&m;vnf; avvkHaom vlrrmcef;rS
xGufBuGum ae&mxdkifwGif wifyv’ifcsdwfxdkifawmfrl&if; ...
]] b,fYES,f 'umBuD; ...bmudpörsm; taMumif;xl;½SdvmygovJ ...}}
]] udpöxl;awmYr½Sdygbl; bk&mY ...q&mawmfeJY qGrf;cHwJYtcg vdkufygavY½SdwJY armif½Sif aeraumif;bl;
Mum;vdkY tar;tjref; vm&jcif;yg bk&m; ...}}
]] aMomf ...aMomf ...armif½SifZedE´vm;? odyfNyD; rusef;rrmjzpfae½Smw,f 'umBuD;&JU ...}}
]] bmjzpfvdkYwkef; bk&mY ...tat;rdvdkYvm; ...}} ( rod[efaqmifí ar;av&m )
]] [m ...'umBuD; bm&,fvdkYr[kwfbl;? qGrf;rpm;bJae&mu zsm;wmygbJ? 'Doli,fudk cufygw,f?
pdwfu olrsm;eJYrwlbl; ...}}
]] pdwfESvkH;BuD;ykH&ygw,f bk&m;? em;½Gufum; acgif;um;eJY OmPfvJ xufjrufykH&ygw,f ...}}
]] 'gYaMumifY q&mawmf *½kpdkufukoae&wmaygY? y&d,wådbufu tvGefOmPfoGm;wJY oli,fbJ ...}}
]] b,ftcef;rSmvJ bk&mY ...}} ( xdktcg teD;½Sd vli,fwa,mufu tckwif tdyfaysmfoGm;aMumif;ESifY
tcef;wcef;udk vufnSKd;xdk;jyav\/ ) q&mawmfvnf; ...
]] tdy&f if oloufomatmifvYkd tdyaf q;wdu k x f m;wm 'umBu;D ? cufygw,f ...'Doil ,f? q&mawmfawmY
ollYtwGuf ,lBuHK;r&jzpf&awmYr,f xifyg&JU ...}}
]] olYZmwdrsKd;EG,fudk rod&bl;vm; bk&mY ...b,folYtquftEG,fygvJ ...}}
]] oefvsifta½SUydkif;u bdk;&Jausmf&JUajr; ...½SifjrwfvS&JUom;aygY ...}}
]] aMomf ...bd;k &Jausmf odNyb D &k mY ...½Sijf rwfvq S w kd m t&ifq,fEpS af vmufu awmifio l m;wa,mufeYJ
taMumif;ygNyD; ypfxm;cJYwJY oli,fr r[kwfvm; bk&mY ...}}
]] [kwfw,f 'umBuD;? ol½dkU&JUtjzpftysufuvJ oem;p&m? 'DvdkjzpfysufcJYMuwmudk; ...}}[k ZmwfvSefí
rdefY`rGufawmfrlvsuf½Sdav\/
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
ouú&mZf 962ck? wydw Yk v
JG qef; 4&uf paeaeYonfum; &wemyl& t0a½TNrKUd awmfwckv;Hk rd;k csKe;f onfyh rm
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jynfhusyfatmif Munfh½SKaeMuav\/ ydk;ykqdk;atmufydk;usKdufvsuf ppf0wfwefqmwdkYjzifY aoewf "m;vSHwdkYudk
xrf;aqmifum av;a,mufwwGJ tqufrjywf ½Tifysaom rsufESmtrlt,mwdkYjzifY b,fnmnDnD vSrf;vsuf½SdMu
onfudk jrifMu&aom jrefrmYaoG; t½G,fvGeftbdk;BuD;rsm;yif i,fEkysKdrspfcsifaompdwfrsm; ay:aygufvmMu[ef
½Sdav\/ ajcvsifwyfom;rsm; tpOftvdkufxGufMu&mwGif ppfatmifvHrsm; wHcGefrsm; wvlvlwvGifYvGifY 0ifYwuf
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wGufqaeMu&awmY\/
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ud,k pf ED iS x
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kd u
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txG#f atmifv&H &J EJ iS Yf jrifawGUMu&um omvGeí f pdwx f MuMG uuke\ f / xdw k yfom;pk\ tvsm;um; av;&mwGi;f cefY
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av\/ xdktcgusrS a½SUwyfonf wyfOD;rQomjzpfí aemufxyfrnfrQvmOD;rnfudk apmifYpm;Munfh½SKaeMuav\/
wyfvrf;jywdo Yk nfvnf; uwDyå guGyBf urd v f ;Hk rsm;jzifY vltaygif;wdt Yk m; ab;odv Yk rf;csUJ ay;apvsuf csw D ufvu kd yf gvm&m
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jrif&vQif rsuEf mS tenf;i,fysuMf uav\/ od&Yk mwGif ZeD;onfrsm;rS auGUvGeo f mG ;aomtcg ppfaoG;ppfpw d f 0ifa&muf
vmum trsm;enf;wlyif aysmf½TifpGm xGufcGmMuavawmY\/
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jyef[yfíaeavawmY\/ jrif;wyfqifwyfrsm;qkH;aomtcg wzef ajcvsifwyfonf xGufay:ívmjyefav\/
xdek nf;twdik ;f wyfaygif;ig;wyf xGucf mG Ny;D aemuf ajcvsiw f yfom;rsm;ay:xGuv f maomtcg? ]]a[m ...
tdrfa½SUrif;wyfawmfxGufvmNyD/ tdrfa½SUudk,fawmfuav;[m oufawmf 20ausmfrQ½Sdao;w,f/ bkef;vuf½kH;?
tmPmESijYf ynfph í Hk tvGeu f suo f a&½Swd ,f}} ponfjzifaY jymqd&k if; Munf½h KS aeMu&mrS tm;vk;H vuf,u S af eMuav\/
tdraf ½SUOy&mZmum; a,mufsm;tmZmenfyo D aom trlt,m vu©PmjzifY £a`E&´ &vdu k yf gí oGm;awmfral v\/
xdaYk emufrS tajrmuforH sm; wNcrd NYf crd MYf um;&Ny;D aemuf atmifpnfatmifarmif; wD;cwfaqmf½rG ;f oHrsm;udk qufvuf
Mum;&jyefav&m ]]a[m bkef;awmfBuD;bk&m; wyfrawmfxGufNyD}}[k ajymqdkpOf ]][JY xdkifMu? acgif;ikHY vuf,SufMu}}
[laom toHrsm;ukMd um;&Ny;D aemuf a½Tav;udik rf sm; Burd v f ;Hk udik rf sm; ajy;vTm;vrf;z,f oef½Y iS ;f aeMuonfukd jrifMu
&av\/ wyfom;rsm;rSm bk&ifrif;jrwfu, kd af wmfwikd f uGyu f v J suyf gvmojzif?Y rsuEf mS trlt&m a½SUwyfom;rsm;xuf
wif;rmcefYnm;ykH&av\/ a½SUwyfOD;um; jrefrmc&D; 2wdkifausmfausmfcefYodkY a&muf½SdaeojzifY tdrfa½SUrif;wyfrS
toHrsm;udk oJYoJYomMum;&avawmY\/
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csNyD;aemuf bk&ifYaemifrif;w&m;BuD;ydkifqdkorQ e,fy,ftoD;oD; rusKd;rEGH raoroyf tpdwfpdwftrTmrTmuGJí
jcm;em;Muav&m rif;&JeE´rw d b f UJG cH anmif&rf;rif;w&m;Bu;D onf crnf;awmf bk&ifaY emifrif;w&m;Bu;D \ bke;f vuf½;Hk ?
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odrf;½kH;awmfrlaom tcsdefjzpfavonf/ ,ckppfcsDaomtcsdefum; anmifa½Te,fudk odrf;&efjzpfav\/
tcsKUd aomvkvifysKw d oYkd nfvnf; ppfa&;ppf&m em;vnfaomtbd;k Bu;D rsm;tm; qnf;uyfar;jref;vsu½f &dS m?
þppfwyfrsm;onf ½Srf;jynfanmifa½TodkY csDwufawmfrljcif;aMumif;/ b,*grPd wwyf? &mZoBuFef wwyf?
oD[yawY wwyf? oD&daZ,saemf&xm wwyf? oD&d"r®maomu wwyf? tdrfa½SUrif; wwyf? rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;
wwyf? wyfaygif; 7wyf? wdkufqif 300? jrif; 4000? ajcvsifppfom; 35000rQygaMumif; ajymqdkvsuf½SdMuav\/
wyfom;rsm;rSm tukerf [kw?f wcsKUd rQomjzpf&m? tvd½k adS wmfrv l Qif ode;f oef;csí D &Edik af Mumif;? þppfom;rsm;xJwiG f
qifjzL½Sifrif;w&m;BuD;vufxufuwnf;u ppf&nf0aom ppfom;BuD;rsm;vnf;ygaMumif;? ppfbufuRrf;usifaom
olrsm;onf anmif&rf;bk&m;\ bke;f vuf½;Hk OmPfprG ;f owåu d kd ,kMH unfí tajrmuftjrm; 0ifa&mufvmMuaMumif;
rsm;yg ajymqdkvsuf½SdMuav\/
 jrefrmppfwyfrsm;onf awmifbufudk;c½dkif? ausmufqnfe,frSjzwfvsuf? waeYvQif jrefrmq,fwdkifrQ
rSerf eS cf sw
D ufvsu½f MdS uav\/ ompnfe,frw S zef ta½SUawmifbuf uavm? atmifyef;ponfwu Ykd dk acsmif;ajrmif;
awmifi,ft&yf&yfausmjf zwfvsuf wdu k pf nfwu kd af rmif; wD;ESi[ f pfaMu;G um tm;wufoa&mcsMD u&m? anmifa½ToYdk
a&muf&ef c&D;wwdkifrQvdkawmY\/ ppfjrif; 4000ESifY wyfOD;csD&aom AdkvfcsKyfeE´ypönf;onf anmifa½TapmfbGm;\
wyfawmfom;rsm;t&dyftqifudk txl;*½kpdkufvsuf½Sd&m? toHBuD;toHi,frwl qlnHaom armif;wD;oHrsm;vnf;
jrefrmwyfOD;udk zkH;vTrf;oGm;ouJYodkY rSwfxif&av\/ jrefrmwyfrSL;? wyfuJrsm;ESifY jrif;pD;ol&Jrsm;rSmvnf; vufajc
wMuMG ujG zifY tBu;D tcsKyw f t
Ykd rdeu Yf kd apmifpY m;aeav&m? jrefrmYowåu d m; aemufqw k af vYr½S?d a½SUodYk xd;k wufwu kd cf u kd f
avY½o dS nft h wdik ;f ½Sr;f apmfbmG ;wyfO;D udk jrefrmwyfO;D onf pwifwu kd cf u
kd af vawmY\/ ½Sr;f wyfom;rsm;rSm jrif;wyf
qifwyfrSpí jrefrmrsm;xifouJYodkY tenf;i,frQr[kwf? 39e,frS pkaygif;vsuf tvkH;t&if;BuD;pGmjzifY wdkufcdkuf
aomaMumifY tm;csi;f rrQojzifY jrefrmwyfO;D onf tajcrvSjzpfysuaf epOf wyfO;D Adv k cf sKyf eE´ypön;f vnf; jrif;wpD;jzifY
tjyif;pdkif;um "m;uGyfvsuf ]]rqkwfeJY BuHBuHcHMu}}[k trdefYxkwfum aqmfMoae&m ppfyGJwGif EdkifvQifEdkif? rEdkifvQif
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kd cf u
kd Mf uav&m a½SUwyfO;D rS ½Sr;f wyf
tiftm;udrk cHEikd o f jzifY y&rf;ywmjzpfMu&av\/ ½Sr;f ppfwyfrsm;vnf; jrefrmwyfO;D udk zdzpd ;D pD;Edik v f u kd o f jzifY ½Gy½f yG cf RcH RH
a½SUodkYcsDwufwdkufcdkufvsuf½Sd&m? jrefrm'kwd,wyfOD; ycef;BuD; oD[yawYwyfodkYwdkif a&mufvmav\/
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qlnHvsuf ajAmif;qefaeavawmY\/ AdkvfcsKyfoD[yawYwyfrS AdkvfcsKyfBuD;udk,fwdkif ½Srf;wyfusnfqHrsm;tMum;rS
jrif;wpD;ESifY vufatmuf AdkvfrSL; wyfrSL;rsm;tm; tm;ay;wdkufwGef;um ]] 'g ArmuG? ½Srf;udk b,fawmYrS r½SKH;bl;?
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pum;ajymMum;&if; awmifaY wmifBY u;D ckcw H u kd cf udk af eav&m? ½Sr;f ppfwyfrsm; tm;aumif;aomjrefrmwyfukd rxd;k azmuf
EdkifbJ tcsdeftawmfMumatmif vkH;axG;wdkufcdkufvsufyif ½SdMuav\/
tdraf ½SUrif;um; a½SUrS tajrmufoH aoewforH sm; w&HrjywfMum;&aomfvnf; igYwyfawmfom;rsm;Edik &f rnf
[k ,kMH unfvsuf cyfreS rf eS yf if csw D ufawmfrcl aYJ v&m? jrif;apausmf ppfom;wOD;onf a½SUrSaemufoYkd tjyif;pdik ;f ESiv f suf
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tdrfa½SUrif;u at;aq;aomtrlt&mjzifY ]]aumif;NyD armifrif; cHEdkifatmifcHESifYMu? igudk,fawmfwdkif
wdkufrnf? trdefYawmfjyef ...}}[k rdefYqdkawmfrlvdkufojzifY jrif;apausmfvnf; a½SUwyfodkY trdefYawmfjyefESifYav&m
tdraf ½SUbk&m;ud, k af wmfwikd f wduk af wmfrv l rd rYf nf[Mk um;od&aom wyfawmfom;wdrYk mS tm;tifwrsK;d wufvsuf vuf½dS
"m;vSH aoewfwdkYudk acR;pD;uyfaevsufyif twif;xdk;ckwf ypfcwfwdkufcdkufvsuf½SdMuav\/
tdrfa½SUrif;um; rdrdwyfawmfwGif ppfuJBuD;tjzpf tjrJac:avY½Sdaom ]]vuf0Jpnfol}}udk qifawmf
bkef;awmufytm; a½TuBuKd; wefqmyvmrsm; wif;usyfcdkifrmatmif Munfh½SKjyifqifawmfrlapNyD;rS ]]vuf0Jpnfol?
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trdefYawmfudk ppfem;cHrsm;rSwqifY toD;oD; cPcsif;qifYqdk ac:awmfrlvdkuf&m? wwyfvkH; ysHUESHUvsuf crnf;awmf
rif;w&m;BuD;\ anmif&rf;ygvl&if;? tif;wa&mfpk? wppk? wufwl&efaemif? aoewfvkvifawmf? vuf0Ja½T"m;?
vufsma½T"m;wd\ Yk i,fom;rsm;ESiw Yf uG wdu k pf nfwu kd af rmif; wD;cwfaqmfEKS ;d um twif;csw D ufav&m? oD[yawYvJ
tdraf ½SUbk&m;ud, k af wmfwikd f csw D ufvmNyjD zpfojzifY txl;tm;½Sv d suf ]]wdu k af [Y wdu k Mf u ...tdraf ½SUbk&m;vmNy}D }
[k trdefYjyefav&m? ½Srf;wyfom;rsm;vnf; ppfwdkufemrnfausmf tdrfa½SUbk&m;vmNyD[laom toHudkMum;vQif
pdwfwrsKd;jzpfíoGm;Mu[efwlav\/ tdrfa½SUwyfawmfom;rsm;um; ol&JbDvl;rsm;uJYodkY wzuf&efoludk &efolrSwf?
rdrdwdkY jrefrmwyfrsm;udkyifausmfvGefvsuf ½Srf;ppfom;rsm;tm; xdk;ckwf½dkufESuf aoewfoHw'dkif;'dkif;ESifY wdkufzsuf
aeMuav&m? apmfbGm;\wyfom;rsm;onf wyfajcysufvsuf aemufodkY wpwp qkwfpjyKav\/ ½Srf;ppfom;rsm;
a½GUonfujkd rifav jrefrmwyfom;rsm; tm;wufavjzpfum twif;zdMuav&m? wpl;vTm;vTm;ESiaYf eaom tdraf ½SUrif;
qifawmfrSm þwyfBuD;wckkvkH;udk ywffcsmvSnfhíaeonf[k xifrSwf&av\/
 anmifa½TapmfbGm;onfum; rdrdwyfom;rsm; tajcrvSonfudk jrifojzifY aemufodkYqkwfrSef;rodqkwfum
anmifa½TNrKdUwHcg;udkydwfí ckcHrnftaeESifY wdkufcdkufaeav&m? wyfawmfrS ]]NrKdUwHcg;rydwfrdapeJY-NrKdUwHcg; rydwfrd
apeJY ...}}[k [pfatmfaomtoHrsm;ESifYwuG jrefrmwyftvkH;t&if;wdkYonf ½Srf;wyfom;rsm;ESifY ta&ma&m
taxG;axG; ckwjf zwf&if;yif NrKUd wHcg;udpk ;D rdav\/ tdraf ½SUud, k af wmfvnf; qifawmfjzifY NrKUd wHcg;odYk twif;0ifav&m
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½Sr;f apmfbmG ;rsm;ESiw Yf uG rSL;rwftcsKyt f csm[lorQukd a½SUawmfta&mufqufoiG ;f av&m? anmif&rf;bk&m;u ...
]] tarmifapmfbGm;wdkY ...igYom;awmf&JU bkef;vuf½kH;udkyif rcHEdkifMuukefwum; ...}}
]] rSefvSyg ...rcHEdkifMuaMumif;ygbk&m; ...}}
]] igud, k af wmfwikd f jrefrmwdo Yk pömcHe,fy,frsm; axmifxm;vsu½f o dS nfukd opömawmfc&H ef odr;f oGi;f aejcif;
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ay;í vGwfvyfpGmaexdkifMu&ef csufcsif; cGiYfjyKawmfrlcJYav\/
aemufwaeYwiG f jrefrmppfwyfBu;D onf tif;0aejynfawmfoYkd jyefvnfqw k cf mG cJaY v&m uavm? atmifyef;
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Adkvfrsm; wnf;cdkaeMu&m vuf0Jpnfolum; wpkHw&mudk jyefvSefawG;awmonfhtoGifESifY ai;armae½Smav\/
tdrfa½SUrif;\wyfawmfwGif tdrfa½SUrif;rSm AdkvfcsKyfjzpfí vuf0JpnfolrSm ppfuJjzpf&um;? tdrfa½SUrif;uvGJvQif
xdkwyfwGif tBuD;qkH; ppfuJbuft&m½SdjzpfojzifY tjcm;ppfrSL; ppfuJrsm;rSm tedrfYwGif cpm;aexdkifMu&av\/
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vuf0Jpnfol\tem;odkY a&muf½Sdvmav\/ vuf0Jpnfolvnf; oli,ftm; aoG;ajymouJYodkY pl;pdkufMunfh½SKum
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qdkpOf? tjcm;AdkvfrSL;rsm;onf vuf0Jpnf\rsufESmudk Munfh½SKMuav\/ vuf0Jpnfolum; xdktcgusrS om;\
cspjf cif;jzifY uav;tm;ayGUzufum &ifciG w f iG xf m;&if; ]]rif;tazudk odovm;}}[k erf;½SKwaf r;jref;av\/ uav;rSm
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 ppfuJBuD; vuf0Jpnfolvnf; om;uav;tm; tm;yg;w& xyfrHerf;½SKwf ayGUzufxm;&mu ]] rifYudk taz
ay;cJYwJYemrnf rSwfrdao;&JUvm;uGJU? rif; 'Dudk bmvdkYvdkufvmwmwkef; ...}}[k ar;jref;av&m? t½G,fESifYrvkduf
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armif&aJ cgifw?YJ awmifib l &k ifq
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rvkyf&awmYbl;? bkd;bkd;eYJuRefawmfwdkY oefvsifrSmajymif;NyD;aeMuw,f? bdk;bdk;vJ olYv,fawGudk olYwynfhawGeJY
vkyfudkifNyD; at;at;pm;aomufae&w,f? ararvJ uRefawmfeJY tvGrf;ajz&owJY? aemuf uRefawmf uav;awGeJY
upm;awmY ]]a[Y tazr½SdwJYaumifuav; ...tvGefapmfum;wJYaumifuav;}}eJY qdkMuw,f? olrsm;awmY
bkef;BuD;ausmif;oGm;&if olYtazawGeJY? uRefawmfawmY arar&,f? bdk;bdk;&,f? 'DvdkoGm;&w,f? &efjzpfMu&ifav
uReaf wmfu b,forYl rS aMumufb;l uReaf wmf½u kd w
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tazYukd tarYqjD yefac:csiw f ,f? tazjyefvu kd rf ,f r[kwv f m;}}[k wGww f ;D wGww f m ar;jref;aeav&m? zcifBu;D rSm
rsuf&nfrsm;0Jvsuf ai;armae&½Smav\/
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udk&JacgifwJYqdkrS odyf0rf;omNyD;? uRefawmfwa,mufxJ aemufu ajy;vdkufcJYw,f ...}}
]] ppfwyfBuD;udk tajy;vdkufayr,fY rrSDbl;? xrif;uvJ odyfqmawmY bkef;BuD;ausmif;rSm0ifNyD; pm;&w,f?
nusawmYvJ tajy;vdu k vf mwm? va&mifeYJ tazwdpYk pfwyf em;aewmawGU&vdYk ar;jref;vmr,fvyk w f ,f? vlawG&UJ
ab;u aoewfxrf;NyD; vrf;avQmufaewJY vlBuD;wa,mufu aoewfBuD;eJYcsdefaevdkY ajrBuD;rSm0yfNyD;ae&w,f?
NyD;awmY uRefawmfaewJYtem;u opfyifuvSKyfaeawmY vSHeJYvSrf;ypfvdkufw,f? ol½dkUqD rvm&bl;xifyg&JUvdkY
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ud, k af wmfrmS ]]tdr;f awmfayY ol&aJ umif;}}[k ½SuNf yK;H NyK;H vsuf rdeaYf wmfrNl y;D aemuf? ]]udik ;f armifrif;rsm;? igud, k af wmfwikd f
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acsmufjyouJYodkY xifrSwfojzifY twif;vdkufíaeav\/
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]]tr,fav; u,fawmfryl gOD;? tara& ao&awmYr,f}}[k atmfav tay:uvlpu k &,farmMuav jzpfysuaf e&m?
wcsDü xdkvlonf cvkwfwdkufítvJwGif qifBuD;u cGmjzifY½Syfvdkuf&m? w*Rwf*RwfjrnfoH aoG;rsm;yef;ae[efyg
jrif&&m? y&dowfrmS omvGeaf useyfvsuf vufcyk w f ;D um &,farmMuav\// qifeif;cH&aomvlum; ,yfawmifyrm
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odkYESifYyif qifBuD;rSm ol&JpD;íaepOf? ]]a[m wyfrSL;uav; wyfrSL;uav;}}[k atmfMuvsuf y&dowfrsm;
Nird o
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Yf nfw h nfx h ;kd todyw f iG f
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tcef; ( 4 )

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rqdkif;MuygpdkYeJY ...}}
]] tdk bkef;bkef;uvJ ...bbbk&m;[m pum;tvGefjrJcJYw,f? txifvGJawmfrlrSmudk pdk;&drf&ygw,f?
EG,fEG,f&JU udk,fcE¨mudk bkef;bkef;tm; qufoNyD;rdkY ckvdkarT;wmudk tvdkvdkufcJYw,f r[kwfvm; ...}}
]] [kwfygw,f ..."r®owft&qdkvQif? udk,fcE¨mtxufydkif;rSm ta&;tBuD;qkH;[m ckvdkarT;vdkufjcif;udk
MunfompGmvufcHwm[m txl;ta&;a&mufwmygbJ? EdkYayr,fY cspf&wJYolrSmawmY 'D[meJYtm;r&? aeYnOfhtwl
MunfjzLESpfoufoavmuf aecsifwJYpdwfawGu BudwfvdkYomaecJY&w,f? tonf;uawmY cyfemem jzpfaewmbJ
EG,fEG,f&JU ...}}
]] EG,fEG,fvJ bkef;bkef;udk wADZem jyefc&mrS rcGJcsifbl;? tEdkYayrJ bbbk&m;trdefYeJYae&awmY tavm
okH;q,f pum;pzdkY cJ,Of;aeygw,f ...}}
]] bkef;bkef;eJY EG,fEG,f[m wESpfcefYtMum &efol ray:ygapeJYvdkY qkawmif;&wmbJ ...}}
]] tdk ...edrw d rf ½Sd ermr½S?d bke;f bke;f pOf;pm;Munfah wmfryl g? olrsm; &nfiMH uw,fqw kd m[m omrnav;yg/
[dkpOftcgu bkef;bkef;eJY EG,fEG,frSm b,fYuavmuf pGJvrf;MuovJ? wu,fvdkYom tajrmftjrifBuD;wJY rdbu
0ifa&mufru,fq,fbJ toufi,fi,feJY tavmfrmrsm;w,fvdkY &ufpufNyD;xm;Mur,fqdk&if tckavmuf½Sd&if
t½dk;aqG;Mua&maygY? 'gYaMumifY EG,fEG,feJY bkef;bkef;[m a½S;b0a&puf olrsm;xufBuD;cJYw,fvdkY ,kHygw,f ...}}
]] bkef;bkef;vJ ,kHMunfygw,f ...'gayr,fY umvBuD;u rif;ajymif;rif;vGJ rif;em;uyf wefcdk;,lwJY
vlawGuvJ trsm;qdkawmY EG,fEG,fYudk owif;Mum;eJY BuHpnfMurSjzifY ...}}
]] olwdkY b,fvdkBuHpnfBuHpnf EG,fEG,fryg&if NyD;a&mr[kwfvm;? udkif; ajymaeMuma&mYr,f ...NyD;rS
pum;qufajymwmaygY? ESpfOD; opömqdk&atmif ...}}[k aiGa&waumif;wGif tkyfxm;aom a½Tzvm;i,fudk,lum
anmifa&tdk;pifrS a&rsm;udk xnfhav\/ NyKH;NyKH;uav;Munfh&if; ...
]] udkif; udkif; ...ESpfOD; pdwfcs&atmif bkef;bkef; opömqdk&Jrvm; ...}}
]] EG,fEG,f rdef;rom;awmif qdk&Jao;wmbJ? bkef;bkef;u a,mufsm;bJ rqdk0HYp&m r½Sdygbl; ...}}
]] 'gjzifY ig;yg;oDvcH,lNyD;aemuf t½Sifbk&m; wynhfawmfwdkYonf þb0ü wOD;udkwOD; rypfy,fpwrf;?
&moufyef aygif;oif;aexdkifMuygrnfbk&m;? tu,fí wOD;OD;u aoGz,fcJYaomf aoGz,folonf ukef;oGm;vQif
ukef;ab;? a&oGm;vQifa&ab;oifYí aovGefonfhtqkH;ü t0DpdwGif usygapom; ...}}[k NyKdifwlwdkifwnfum
anmifa&tdk;a&udk wvSnfhpDaomufNyD;aemuf ESpfOD;pvkH; ausmcsrf;íoGm;Muav\/
]] udkif; EG,fEG,f? auseyfawmfrlNyDvm; ...,kHawmfrlygNyDvm; ...}}
]] 'guawmY EG,fEG,fuar;&r,fYpum;yg? EG,fEG,fu bkef;bkef;tay: b,fawmYrS r,kHouFmr½SdcJYbl;?
bkef;bkef;[m EG,fEG,fxuf ydkrdkcifr,fYvl r½Sdbl;vdkY pdwfcsNyD;ygNyD ...}}
]] bkef;bkef;uvJ EG,fEG,fYudk 'DvdkpdwfcsNyD;ygbJ? EdkYayr,fY rawmfwq wefcdk;tmPmeJY twif;tusyf
BuHpnfwJYolrsm;½Sd&if rdef;rom;uav;rdkY pdk;&drfrdaMumif;ajymwmyg? bkef;bkef;udk bk&ifwyg;u EG,fEG,fYr,l&bl;?
'djyifrdef;r,l&r,f? em;raxmif&if owfypfr,fqdk&if ckcHEdkifu ckcHr,f? rckcHEdkifu touftaocHvdkufrSmaygY }}
]] EG,fEG,fvJ vlEGJUaESmif;ayr,fY ...'DudpörSm raysmYygbl; bkef;bkef;&JU? prf;MuygapawmYvm;? EG,fEG,f
Edkifoavmuf ckcHrSmaygY? rEdkif&if EG,fEG,fYtouf bmESajrmp&m½SdovJ ...}}
]] udik ;f uG,f 'Dvpkd ;kd &drwf pYJ um;awG rajymMuygeJpY ?Ykd [dw
k aeYu bke;f bke;f ar;wm pOf;pm;Ny;D Nyv D m; ...tJ'g
ajzprf;yg? EG,fEG,fYtaMumif; 'Dwcgod&wmaygY ...}}
]] bmwJaY v ...tif;? rde;f uav;uzsm;? ta½SUt&yfu q&mwa,muf? taemuft&yfu q&mwa,muf?
q&mESpfa,muf aq;uk? rdef;uav;tdrfeJY q&mESpfa,muftdrf tuGmta0;twlwl? q&mESpfa,muf½kyf&nfeJY
toufuvJ twlwl? aq;pGrf;uvnf;wl? reufwacguf nwacguf aq;vmukMu&awmY waeYESpfacgufpDtwl?
rdef;uav;a&m*gaysmufawmY b,fq&mudk,lxdkufovJ qdkwmr[kwfvm; ...}}
]] ZmwfaMumif;cif;raeygeJY? b,foleJY &oifYovJqdkwmajymyg }}
]] waeYuawmY EG,Ef , G f em;a0YomG ;vdYk &ufawmif;wmyg? tvG,u f av; tm;vk;H twlwjl zpfayr,fY rwlwm
ygao;w,f bkef;bkef;&JU? bmvJqdk&if ta½SUt&yfu q&meJY taemuft&yfu q&m? rdef;uav;tdrfvmMuawmY
reufcif;rSm taemufu q&m aerif;udk rsuEf mS jyKvm&w,f? ta½SUu q&muawmY ausmay;vm&w,f? naecif;
usawmY taemufu q&mrSm 'DvdkbJ aeylcHvm&awmY? aeY½Snf&ufrsm; taemufu q&mvm&wm yifyef;vdkY ol
&xdkufwmaygY? [kwfuJYvm; ...}}[k ar;vdkuf&m ...
]] tJ'grS ynm½SduGJU? bkef;bkef;u EG,fEG,fYpOf;pm;OmPf b,favmuf½SdovJvdkY prf;Munfhwmyg ...}}[k
NyKH;½TifpGm ajymqdkaeav\/
]] EG,fEG,f i,fi,fwkef;uvJ bbbk&m;u? EG,fEG,f ig pum;xm0Sufr,f em;axmif? vrf;rSm vlBuD;
wa,mufeYJ oli,fwa,mufawGUMuawmY ...vlBu;D u rif;[migYom;t&if;bJ? 'gayr,fY ig[m rif;tazr[kwb f ;l
vdkY ajymowJY? vlBuD;eJYoli,f bmawmfMuovJvdkYar;w,f/ vlBuD;? oli,frsm; bmawmfMuovJvdkY ar;wmudk;/
EG,fEG,fu cPpOf;pm;NyD; olYtazr[kwf&if olYtareJYawGUwmaygYvdkY ajymvdkufawmY auseyfoGm;wmbJ ...}}
]] a,mufsm;eJrY ed ;f r a½SUoGm;aemufvu kd n f w
D ,fqw kd m ½ky&f nf½yl um,wGio f mr[kwb f ;l ? pdwaf eoabmxm;
tBuOH mPfvJ wlMurS EG,Ef , G &f UJ ? 'gxuf bke;f bke;f [m v,fajreJY ukeo f nftvkyu f kd pdw0f ifpm;aeayr,f?Y trSeu f
ppfbufrSmtrSKxrf;NyD; ppfwdkufcsifwJYpdwfawGu tvGefrsm;aew,f? taMumif;nDwJYwaeY ppfxJvdkufcsifwmbJ?
EG,fEG,f oabm ...}}
 ]] aMomf ...bke;f bke;f u crnf;awmfBu;D ppfbufrmS ausmo f vdk vlausmf ol&aJ umif;wa,mufjzpfcsiw f ,f
qdyk gawmY? 'Dvkd ol&aJ umif;wa,mufjzpfr,fq&kd if EG,Ef , G v f J ol&aJ umif;wOD;&JUZeD;jzpfrmS rdYk odyNf y;D 0rf;omwmaygY}}
]] tvdkvdkufNyD; tBuKdufudkajymaewmvm; EG,fEG,f&,f ...}}
]] r[kwf&aygifyg ...EG,fEG,fYbbk&m;vJ ppfyGJawGrSmausmfcJYolwa,mufjzpfaMumif; bkef;bkef; Mum;bl;
ygvdrfYr,f? EG,fEG,fudk,fwdkifvJ tbaoG;ruif;bl;vdkY 'djyifvlajym&if &,farmuJY&JUMurvm;rodyg? EG,fEG,fudk
tcsKUd rde;f razmfrsm;u ½ky&f nfuawmY eef;wGi;f arG; yifwikd pf u H o YJ Ykd acsmyg&JU? ud, k t f rlt&m toGm;tvm a,mufsm;
vdkvdk Murf;wrf;w,fvdkY uJY&JUjcif;cH&zl;ygw,f ...}}
]] EkMuwJaY cwfBu;D rSm EG,Ef , G wf a,mufuxl;awmY jyL;wl;jyw J J ajymMuwmaygY? wu,fbJ 'Dvpkd w d rf sK;d ½Sw d ,f
qdw k m bke;f bke;f ,kMH unfpmG om"kac:ygw,f? aemiftcg ESpu f , kd o f ifv Y Ykd &ifrmwJo Y aE¨u oHawGcJ ol&aJ umif;uav;
arG;vmrSmyJaemf ...}}
]]tdk ...b,fYESm ½Sufp&majymae&wmwkef; bkef;bkef;&JU ...}}[k armifbkef;jrifYausmjyifudk tomt,m
xkESufíaeav\/
xdaYk emuf ½Sief ef;EG,o f nf taqmifu;l a&wHavQmufatmufu ESi;f qDyifrS MuufaoG;a&mifaygufaeaom
ESi;f qDyef;yGiBYf u;D rsm;udk vufnKS ;d nTe&f if;? ]]bke;f bke;f cl;Ny;D yefray;csib f ;l vm;}}[k rsuv f ;Hk uav; txufov Ykd eS v f suf
ar;jref;vdkufav&m? armifbkef;jrifYonf cspfoluav;tm; cyfNyKH;NyKH;uav; Munfh½SKwJYNyD;vQif ...
]] 'Dvdkyef;rsKd; ryefaumif;bl; EG,fEG,f&JU ...}}
]] tdk ...yef;yefwmbJ bmjzpfvdkYvJ bkef;bkef;&,f? b,fYESmaMumifY ryefaumif;&wmwkef; ...}}
]]em;axmif ...bkef;bkef; okH;axmiftdkif oDcsif;wyk'fqdkjyr,f? ynm½Sdrsm;vJ rSwfom;avY½SdMuw,f}}[k
ajymqdkum? tdkifcsif;w0ufwysufudk atmufygtwdkif;qdkí t"dyÜg,fyg ajymjyav\/
]] OoQpfoD; ajrBuD;rSm`rSKyf? jymzkH;tkyfvdkY rD;zkwfvdkuf&if? oD;azmf&,frSoD;zuf? tyifxufrSm wufwufpif?
rD;uifonfhES,f uGJwwfw,f ...}}
]] a[m ...rSwfxm;? OoQpfwyifu toD;udkrD;zkwf&if tyifay:u oD;orQ tufuGJa&mwJY? 'gawmif
tdkifcsif;a&;ol usefao;w,f? tJovdk rD;zkwfxm;wJYtvkH;udk ½THUykyfrSmpdrf&if toD;jyefaumif;owJY/ qufNyD;
em;axmifO;D ? paeN*K[ d pf m; Burd cf u
kd rf sm;rSm? cs,m;opfyif tdraf vSum;wGif pdu k xf m;vQirf ?l tifciG Of pömenf;wwfw,f?
paeN*Kd[fpm;wkef; ca&yif tdrfavSum; rpdkuf&bl;wJY? aemufwydk'fuawmY wHpufa&ESifY wGif;a&rwl? a&urdk;a&
csKd;ol? nSif;jzLNyKd;ajymufpGJwwfw,f/ y0gaysmuf taxmufu,frSrwef? rsufESmopfvdkY tnSpfcH? 0ufNcHrSnfhvdkY
rnf;wwfw,f/ oeyfcg;ausmufjyifay:wGif aomufa&at;ESifY a&maoG;vmvQif eHYomtay: usJwwfw,f/
rdk;csKyfu,frSae0if? pm;zdkxJ trJuif? pkef;rSifewfwdkY &Jwwfw,f/ yef;eDeD ryefavESifY? tb,frSm ewfyef;yGifYwJY?
twifYi,frS&Jcsif? aysmfvdktm;ESifY acgifzsm;wif? t&ifvleJYvGJwwfw,f/ ukdif; 'gawGuawmY t"dyÜg,fygw,f?
aemufqkH;tydk'frSm em;vnfNyDvm;? yef;eD[m ewfyef;rsKd;rdkY acgif;rSmyefvQif t&ifvleJYvGJwwfw,fwJY ...}}[k
qdv k u kd v
f Qi?f ½Sief ef;EG,u f av;rSm rsuEf mS rsm;ysuv f su?f ]]bke;f bke;f pdwrf qd;k ygeJaY emf? EG,Ef , G rf odvYkd ajymrdwmyg}}
[k tcgcgawmif;yefav\/
]]tdk rodvdkYajymrdwm b,fwwfEdkifrvJ? rsufESmawmfrnKdprf;ygeJY EG,fEG,f&,f? aysmfaysmf½Tif½Tifaeprf;yg}}
[k ,k,ajymqdkav\/
]] bkef;bkef;u a½S;uAsmawG tm;BuD;&w,faemf ...}}
]] enf;enf;yg;yg;awmY &ygw,f? 'gayr,fY tazu uAsmvuFm tEkorm;awG[m vkHYv0D&d, pdkufxlNyD;
ppfbuftokH;BuD;wJY wdkif;jynfeJYrawmfbl;qdkvdkY rvdkufpm;awmYygbl;? ppfa&;ppf&mudkom qnf;yl;aerdwmygbJ
EG,fEG,f&,f ...}}
cspfolESpfOD;um; ae0ifNzKd;zstcsdefrS pum;ajymaeMu&m? oli,ftdwfqdwfcsdefodkYwdkifaomfvnf; pum;ajym
aumif;wke;f jzpfav\/ naecif;wGif axmufrxm;aom uJvm;wHcg;rsm;vnf;csvsuf uRe;f wdik v f ;Hk Bu;D rsm;ab;wGif
qDr;D cGuBf u;D rsm;jzifY tvif;a&mifrsm; xGe;f awmufvsu½f adS v\/ yifv,fjyifrS jzwfoef;wdu k cf wfvmaom avjynf
avnif;rsm;onf 0ifvm&mrSacgif;jyLvsuf cspo f El pS Of ;D tm; MunfE;l pdwv f ef;atmif yufzse;f íaeMuav\/ xdt k cdu k f
rdNird ;f omonf jymjymovJ uJvm;udt k jyifuacgufvu kd Nf y;D ...]]udb k ek ;f udb k ek ;f }}[k ac:av&m? armifbek ;f jrifv Y nf;
ae&mrS ½kwfcsnf;xvdkufav\/ ½Sifeef;EG,fonf armifbkef;jrifY\cg;udkzufum ]]EG,fEG,fvJ vdkufcJYr,f? bmvJ
bmvJ}}[k ar;pOf armifbkef;jrifYonf uJvm;udkrav\/ uJvm;tjyifbufodkY ESpfOD;om;xGufNyD;aemuf ]]bmvJ
bmvJ rdNidrf;om}}[k ar;&m? ]]tdrfa½SUawmf jrefjref vmyg? [dkusrSodr,f? r,fr,fzk&m; tac:vTwfvdkY ...}}[k
qdkojzifY omíyif pdk;&drfruif;jzpfMuum tajy;uav; oGm;Muav\/
tdraf ½SUcef;wGiu f m; 0efuawmfBu;D onf 0efrif;\vufrS "m;½Snu f v
kd &k if; ]]pOf;pm;ygOD; pOf;pm;ygOD;? bmvdYk
½Suf&rSmvJ ...}}[k txyfxyfajymqdkvsuf axG;vkH;aeMuonfudk awGUjrifMu&m? ESpfOD;pvkH; 4if;wdkYtwGuf[k
twwfawG;um MuufaoaoíaeMuav\/ armifbek ;f jrifv Y nf; rdrd "m;ESit Yf ckwcf rH S cH&apawmY? 'djyifvl rxdap
&bl;[k 0efuawmfBuD;ESifYtwl ]]oabmruswm NyD;awmYrSajymyg? "m;udkcsxm;ygOD; bb&JU ...}}[k twif;vk&m?
vli,ftm;jzpfí "m;udk&½Sdav\/ 0efrif;um; ]]½SufaozdkYaumif;w,f? "m;udkay;yg}}[k awmif;aomfvnf;
armifbkef;jrifYonf ray;bJ½SdaepOf 0efuawmfBuD;u ...
]]udk,fYrSm 'D&mxl;jyKwfawmYaum iwfaorSmvm; ...woufpm;rukefygbl;? &mxl;jyKwfvdkY udk,fYudk,f
owfaow,f qdkwm vlMum;½Sufp&mBuD; ...}}[k qufvufajymqdkrS armifbkef;jrifYrSm 4if;wdkYtwGufr[kwf?
oefvsi0f efrif; &mxl;jyKwv f dYk xif&mBuaH Mumif;em;vnfum ]]bm *½kpu kd pf &mawGvJ bb&,f? vlbJ tBueH OYJ mPfeYJ
aewm? waeYaeY uvJYpm;acsEdkifrSmaygY}}[k 0ifa&mufajymqdkav\/ 0efuawmfBuD;um; tajymvnfywf csKdomvS
ojzifY trsK;d rsK;d vSnyhf wfajymqkad v&m? EG,Ef , G uf av;rSmvnf; ...]]bb bb? EG,Ef , G uYf kd cspw
f ,fq?kd bb'Dvkd
&ufpuf&if EG,fEG,fwdkYcufukefrSmaygY ...}}[k idkjyefojzifY? 0efrif;rSm rsuf&nf0dkif;ívm½Smav\/
]] ukvm;jzLawGukd igpdwrf qd;k ygbl;? bmjzpfvv Ykd qJ akd wmY 'if;wd[ Yk m tpurS raumif;cJb Y ?J tck bbwdrYk mS
udk,fYjrefrm tcsif;csif;jzpfwJY jrefrmvlrsKd;awG tqif;wGef;cH&wmom ½SufwmygbJuG,f? awmuf ...wdkif;jynfudk
olrsm;vuftyf&w,fqdkwm 'DvdktaumifrsKd;awGaMumifYa[Y? 'if;wdkYawmY waeYod&rSmaygYuG,f ...}}[k Budrf;0g;
aeav\/ wzef 0efrif;onf pum;qufum ...
]] udkif; armifbkef;jrifY? rif;wdkYudk EG,fEG,f touf 16ESpfjynfhrS vufxyfay;r,fvdkYBuHcJYw,f? ,ckawmY
rjzpfubl;? rif;tdrfjyefawmY? 0if;rSL;BuD;eJY rif;ararudkwdkifyif? eufjzefrSm vufxyfr,f [kwfvm;? ckaecg BuD;BuD;
us,u f s,f rvkyv f b
kd ;l ? vufxyfNy;D &if igYom;vJ bbeJt Y wlae&vdrrYf ,f? bbwdt Yk a&;[m onfvekd aYJ t;Mur,f
r[kwfbl; ...}}[k ajymqdkav&m? ESpfOD;pvkH;rSm eD;pyfMu&awmYrnfjzpfí tvGeftusL;0rf;ajrmufMuaomfvnf;
trlt&mudk owdxm;um ...
]]aumif;ygNyD bb? trdefYawmftwdkif; aqmif½GufygYr,f}}[kqdkum armifbkef;jrifY xGufcGmoGm;av\/

tcef; ( 5 )

aemufwaeYeeH uf qGr;f cHjyefcsed üf um; oefvsi0f efrif;tdrw f iG f tdref ;D csi;f rsm;? jrefrmtrSKawmfxrf;a[mif;rsm;
qif;wufíaeMuonfudk awGUjrif&av\/ vlBuD;vlaumif;rsm;pkHaomtcg oefvsif0efrif;u rdrd\orD;axG;
½Sifeef;EG,fudk t0aejynfawmf ppfuJBuD; vuf0Jpnfol\om; armifbkef;jrifYESifY vufxyfr*Fvm tcrf;tem;
jyKvkyfjcif;jzpfaMumif;? rdrdwdkYonf vGefcJYonfESpfESpfu aMumif;vrf;uwdxm;cJYaom v,fajrypönf;rsm;udk vufzGJU
tyfEaHS Mumif;rsm;udk ajymqdv k su½f adS v\/ vli,fEpS Of ;D um; t0wftpm; om;em;pGm0wfqifvsuf ckjH rifw Y iG f xdik í
f
aeMu&m? vufxyftcgay;csed f eD;onfEiS w Yf NyKid ef uf? jrefrmynm½SBd u;D wOD;u aiGzvm;Bu;D wGif owdo Yk m;owdo Yk rD;
vufrsm;udk udkifwG,fqufpyf xyfvsufxm;um? okwdMobm r*Fvmpum;rsm;udk ajymqdkvsuf½Sdav\/
0efuawmfBu;D um; rdrw d wYkd ikd ;f jynfwiG f cs;D `riS aYf wmfr&l if; rif;w&m;Bu;D ½Sad wmfryl gu? rdrw d u Ykd o
YJ Ykd tqift Y wef;
½SdonfhtajctaerSm rnfrQcrf;em;avrnfudk awG;awm0rf;enf;um rsuf&nfrsm;vnfívm½Smav\/ ½SifjrwfvS
rSmvnf; rdrcd ifyeG ;f onfom½Syd gu? om;uav;\vufxyfyrJG mS rdpzHk pkEH iS Yf *kPu f suo f a& rnfrQ½rdS nfukd awG;rdojzifY
rsuf&nf0dkif;jyef&m? 0if;rSL;BuD;u ckvdk r*FvmtcgwGif rsufESmnSKd;i,fí rsuf&nfrvnfMu&ef owday;NyD;aemuf?
tjcm;&if;ES;D olwYkd vufzUJG pm&if;udk pma&;awmfwOD;u zwfMum;vsu?f vufxyftcrf;tem;rSm Ny;D qk;H íoGm;av\/
y&dowfrsm;vnf; wpwp pJíoGm;av&m tdrfoltdrfom;rsm;omvQif usef&pfMuavonf/
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Ykd m;rsm;udk
xdktoif;wGifyg0if&ef wdkufwGef;vsuf½SdMu\/
jrpHEiS &Yf aJ bmfum; armifbek ;f jrif\ Y vl,Hk owdcå EJ pS Of ;D jzpfMuav\/ aiGaMu;udv k nf; armifbek ;f jrifyY ikd af iGrsm;
tjyif oefvsi0f efrif;ud, k wf ikd u
f vnf; ay;urf;axmufyaYH omaMumifY avS0,f&ef? jrif;0,f&efupd rö sm;wGif vG,v f ifY
wul jynfph vHk su½f adS v\/ ajcmufvtwGi;f ü 4if;wd\ Yk vkyif ef;rSm odoo d momBu;D wd;k wufvsu½f adS v&m? oefvsif
bk&ifcHrSm vli,frsm; rnfodkYBuHpnfvkyfudkifvsuf½Sdonfudk txl;olvQKdrsm;jzifY tjrJapvTwfpkHprf;av\/ olvQKdwdkY
rSmvnf; avSy?JG jrif;yG?J vlajy;yGrJ sm;wGif toif;om;tjzpfjzifY 4if;wdu Yk ,kd wf ikd f yg0ifvsuf pkpH rf;Muav\/ od&Yk mwGif
wpGe;f wp xGuaf y:jcif;r½S?d 4if;wd0Yk goemtavsmuf 4if;wd0Yk goemtavsmufom aysm½f iT Mf uonf[k tuJcwf&Mu
av&m bk&ifcq H o D vYkd nf; xdt k wdik ;f tpD&ifcMH uav\/ a½S;tcgu wNrKUd ESiw Yf NrKUd w½GmESiw
Yf ½Gm rodz;l rjrifz;l aomol
rsm;vnf; vlu, kd wf ikd jf zpfap? ayzl;vTmESijYf zpfap apvTw&f if;ES;D Mu&um;? wOD;taMumif;wOD; aumif;pGmtuJcwfEikd f
Muav\/ armifbek ;f jrifo Y nf ESKwtf vGev f íHk owå½d adS omvli,frsm;udk tusK;d taMumif;vTt J yfxm;av&m? xdv k il ,f
rsm;uvnf; tjcm;NrKdU½Gmrsm;½Sd owdåcJvl,kHrsm;udk rdrdwdkYwdkif;jynf\tjzpftysuf? ylwauvlrsKd;rsm; wkdif;jynfudk
rw&m;wdu k of rd ;f yk?H tcGeuf kd tqrwefaumufcyH ?Hk 4if;wdv Yk rl sK;d rsm; vuf0g;Bu;D tkyyf ?Hk vlrsK;d jcm;rSeo f rQ jrefrmEdik if u H kd
wHcg;r½Sd"m;r½Sd 0ifapvsuf? omvm,HZ&yfuJYodkY jyKvkyfxm;ykHwdkYudk pdwfemavmufatmif ajymqdkíxm;Muav\/
e,ftoD;oD;rS avSoif;acgif;aqmifwdkYvnf; 4if;wkdY&if;ESD;&m vl,kHrsm;tm; wpdwfw0rf;wnf;jzpfap&ef aoG;nSd
xm;Muav\/ xdak jcmufvtwGi;f üyif xufoefvaS om jrefrmwvdik ;f wd\ Yk pdwo f nf aygufuv JG akd omqE´½MdS u&m?
armifbkef;jrifYonf tcsdefra&mufcif rsKdodyfEdkifoavmuf rsKdodyfonf;cHMu&ef wdkufwGef;awmif;yefxm;&av\/
ylwaubk&ifcu H m; tajrmftjrifBu;D oljzpfonft h wdik ;f ajrmufbufwvTm;u r[m"r®&mZmrif;onf ppfruf
vufeuftiftm;aumif;aumif;ESifY wdkif;jynfEdkifiHcsJUxGifodrf;ydkufaeonfhowif;udk Mum;odNyD;jzpf&um;? tqdkyg
usef;rma&;Aef;jyaomtoifrsm;onf rdrd\ppfom;rsm;jzpf&rnf[k &nfrSef;íxm;aomaMumifY? avSyGJ jrif;yGJrsm;udk
4if;\tpdk;&tzGJUuyg ulnDtm;ay;vsuf½Sdav\/ tcgvnfrQMumaomtcg oefvsifNrKdUwGif tNrKdUNrKdUte,fe,frS
avSavmif;NyKdifyGJ? jrif;yGJ? vlajy;yGJrsm;udk tBuD;tus,f cif;usif;&ef pDrHav\/
armifbek ;f jrif\ Y vli,frsm;tzGUJ onfvnf; ylwaubk&ifc\ H pDrcH sut f wdik ;f vdu k ef mMu&ef oabmwlMu
av\/ tajrmftjrifBuD;rm;aom vlBuD;tcsKdUurl jrefrmbk&ifudk vdkvm;onfhtwdkif;? tu,fí þvli,frsm;udk
ylwaubk&if\ ppfrSKxrf;rsm;jzpfu olYudktm;jznfhouJYodkY jzpfrnfpdk;aomaMumifY oabmrwlbJaeMuav&m?
armifbkef;jrifYu rdrdwdkYvli,frsm;onf ylwautpdk;& qGJwdkif;rygaMumif;? taMumif;ukefodvdkvQif apmifYMunfhzdkY
vdkaMumif;rsm;udk auseyfatmif½Sif;vif;&jcif;ESifY ywfoufí tcsdeftawmfukefcJYav\/ BuD;us,faom avSNyKdifyGJ?
jrif;yGpJ onfww Ykd iG f vli,fEpS af omif;cef½Y o dS nfukd ylwaubk&if Mum;od&aomtcg rsm;pGm0rf;ajrmufvsuf xdv k il ,f
rsm;\ avSyJG aemufq;Hk qkay;aomaeYwiG ?f rdrw d o Ykd nf þEdik if u H kd tjro J rd ;f yduk &f ef pdwrf ul;aMumif;? jrefrmbk&ifw\ Ykd
tkypf ;kd rSKonf rsm;pGmcRw, f iG ;f cJaY Mumif;? wefc;kd Bu;D aom bk&ifwyg;atmufomvQif wpnf;wvk;H wnf;jzpfNy;D ? wefc;kd
i,faom bk&ifrsm;vufxufwGif wdkif;jynf tpdwfpdwftrTmrTmuGJí tcsif;csif; wdkufcdkufaoaMuMuaMumif;?
aumif;pm;vQif bk&ifvyk o f rl sm;omjzpfí? aop&m½Sv d Qif qif;&Jom;rsm;om aoMu&aMumif;? rdrw d o Ykd nf qifjzL½Sif
rif;w&m;Bu;D vufxufu usK;d EGpH mG opömcHcMYJ uaMumif;? aemufb&k ifrsm;vufxufwiG f rnDrnGwjf zpfí rdrw d uYkd vnf;
td;k tdrpf nf;pdrt f wGuf e,fy,frsm;udo k rd ;f &aMumif;? rdrw d &Ykd nf½, G cf sutf wkid ;f qkv d Qif jrefrmwEdik if v H ;Hk udk odr;f Ny;D vQi?f
jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm; pdwfoabmxm;ajymif;vGJí tmPm½Sdol wOD;wnf;vufatmufwGif aevdkMuaomtcg jyefí
ay;tyfcJYrnfjzpfaMumif;? xdkYaMumifY ,ck rdrdvufatmufcH vli,frsm;rSm rdrdwdkYtBuHtpnfudk ulnDvdrfYrnf[k
arQmv f ifaY Mumif;ajymqd&k m? tcsKUd vlBu;D ESiYf vli,frsm;rSm [kwEf ;kd Ed;k ESiYf em;a,mifMuav\/ od&Yk mwGif armifbek ;f jrifY
rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwfoGif;ay;xm;aom vli,frsm;rSm wdwfwdwfykef;&,farmvsuf ]]'Dvdk rqDrqdkif vlrsKd;jcm;awGu 'dkYudk
oem;w,fqdkwm ,kH&rSmvm;}}[k ajymqdkvsuf½SdMuav\/
xdkpOftcgü cgom? ouúvyf? zef? rSef? ykwD;ponfwdkYudk ylwauvlrsKd;rsm;ESifY ukvm;rnf;rsm; OD;pD;
a&mif;csvsuf½Sd&m? t&ufa½SmifMuOfa&;rSm bmomESifYywfoufí vpfvsL½SKMuaomfvnf;? EdkifiHjcm;ukef oydwf
arSmufa&;rSm cGijfY yKrnfr[kw&f um;? armifbek ;f jrifrY mS tusyt f wnf;ESiYf awGUBuK&H av\/ od&Yk mwGif 4if;ud, k w f ikd Ef iS Yf
oli,fcsif;rsm;tm; rdrdwdkYtdk;tdrfwGif&ufvkyfaom txnftvdyfrsm;udk okH;pGJ&ef wdwfwdwfykef;wdkufwGef;vsuf?
tqift Y wef;jrifaY om trsK;d orD;rsm;yif ud, k pf uD , kd if S &ufvyk Mf u&ef aoG;aqmifíaeMu&av\/ Edik if aH &;vkyif ef;
udkum; tpterQ razmfjy0HYao;acs/
tu,fí rdrdwkdY wvdkif;jrefrm[lorQ ylwau vlrsKd;jcm;ttkyftpdk;rcHvdk[k ajymqdku? ajymqkdolwdkif;
olykefjzpfMu&ayawmYrnf/ þodkYrajymbJ vdkufavsmpGmaeyguvnf; 4if;wdkYtkyfpdk;onfudk auseyfonf[k xifay
vdrfYrnf/ þenf;vrf;ESpfck tjcm;rS rnfuJYodkYoGm;&rnfudk acgif;aqmifoli,fcsif;rsm;ESifY tBudrfBudrf pOf;pm;Mu&
jyefav\/ a,mu©r oefvsif0efrif;ESifYwuG a½S;rDaemufrD vlBuD;rsm;ESifYvnf; txyfxyfar;jref;aqG;aEG;Munfh
av\/ vlBu;D rsm;vnf; tBurH ay;wwf? ylwauvlrsK;d wdt Yk m; ajymifajymifcck w H ukd cf ukd &f efvnf; tiftm;r½S?d ylwau
vlrsKd;rsm; ,kHrSwfaomolrsm;tdrfrSty tjcm;tdrfrsm;wGif &mZ0wfrSKusL;vGefonfudktaMumif;jyum? aoewfudk
rqdkxm;bd? "m;½Snfrsm; vSHrsm;udkyif xm;cGifYrjyKacs/ tu,fí tdrfwtdrfü vSHawGUtHY? xdktdrf½Siftm; axmif
3vtxd csxm;avY½SdcJYav\/ taetxdkiftm;jzifY vGwfvyfacsmifcsdonf[k qdk&apumrl? vufeufwpkHw&m
r½SdaomvlrsKd;rsm;onf rnfodkY ykefuefEdkifygtHYenf;/ ajrmufbuf jrefrmbk&ifrsm;tkyfpdk;&mESifY qufqHzdkY&muvnf;
jrefrmbk&ifrsm;e,fESifY xGufayguf0ifayguf ajc&mpyfü ppfwyftcsKdUESifY ydwfqdkYxm;vsuf½Sdav\/
 armifbkef;jrifYum; rdrdtBuHtwdkif; txajrmuf&ef vlwdkY\pdwfudk ESKd;qGNyD;jzpfav&m? aemufwESpfcefY
tMumwGif xdx Yk ufyrkd Ekd ;kd Mum;olrsm; jynfEh u S rf nfukd arQmjf rifrad omaMumif?Y wqifw Y ufí vkyif ef;udak wG;av tcuf
awGUavjzpfíae½Smav\/ wcgw&H wdik ;f jynf\vGwv f yfciG u Yf kd pdw0f ifpm;vGe;f tm;Bu;D vGe;f ojzifY ½Sief ef;EG,u f av;
udyk if a½S;uuJo Y Ykd r,k,Edik jf zpfav&m? zcif\pum;? cifyeG ;f onf\pum;rsm;udk rjywfMum;od&aom ½Sief ef;EG,rf mS
taxGtxl;r½S?d 4if;ud, k w f ikd yf if eD;pyf&mtrsK;d orD;rsm;ESit Yf wl Adik ;f iifjcif;? csncf sjcif;wdu Yk kd pdwyf gvufygjyKvyk í f
ae½Smav\/
armifbek ;f jrifu Y m; rdrv d yk u
f ikd &f mwGif a½S;OD;pGm taESmift Y ,Sujf zpfrnft h &mrsm;udk awG;awmMunfjh yefav\/
xdktcgü rif;vkvifrsm;? olvQKdrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? t&m½SdBuD;i,fwdkYonfvnf;aumif; &efoljzpf&rnfudk jrifrd
av\/ ylwumbk&ifcHum; tajrmftjrifBuD;oljzpfonfhtwdkif;? rif;vkvifrsm;wGif ynmwwfonf rwwfonfudk
y"merxm;? rdrdwdkY wvdkif;jrefrmtcsif;csif;udk rdkuf½l;&Jvkyf0HYaom wvdkif;jrefrmvli,ftcsKdUudk cefYxm;jcif;jzpf&m?
aoewf "g;vSu H ikd wf ,G &f í aoG;Muv G su½f adS om tqdyk g rif;vkvifwo Ykd nf wvdik ;f jrefrm tcsi;f csi;f tay:ü ESyd pf uf
uvljyKvsuf tEdik u f siaYf vY½MdS uav\/ olvQKrd sm;uvnf; vlwOD;wa,mufjyKro l nfrmS wdik ;f jynfEikd if H aumif;pm;rSK
jzpfonf[k oabmrxm;? zcifBu;D rsm;xH rsuEf mS &atmif Mum;odorQ oHawmfO;D wifavY½MdS uav\/ wvdik ;f jrefrm
t&m½SdtcsKdUrSmvnf; w&m;onf rSefonfrSm;onfudk *½krpdkuf? rsufESmjzL ylwautpdk;&tBuKdufudkom pD&ifavY
½SdMuav\/ xdkudpörsm;udk rnfuJYodkY yaysmufatmifvkyf&rnfenf;[k pOf;pm;&m? xdkvlrsm;ESifY &if;ESD;atmifaygif;í
rsK;d csppf wd "f mwf½&dS ef a[majymjcif;wckom t"duawGU&ojzifY vli,frsm;tm; tuRr;f 0if&mwdEYk iS Yf qufqaH pav\/
ylwaubk&ifcHum; a½SUvmbfudkjrifwwfol jzpfonfhtwdkif;? rif;vkvifrsm; 4if;wdkYtcsif;csif; nSOf;qJ
Muonfudk vpfvQL½SKcJYav\/ t&m½Sdydkif;rSvnf; 4if;wdkYrsufESmjzLrsm;rSm vc&du©m rsm;rsm;,lvsuf wnfMunfpGm
w&m;pD&ifMu\/ wvdkif;jrefrm t&m½Sdi,fwdkYtm; vc&du©m ravmufri ay;ojzifY wHpdk;vufaqmif,ljcif;udk
rodrom cGijYf yKxm;av\/ OD;w&m,lrS 4if;wdt Yk m;MunfnKad tmif wOD;wavukd tjypfay;avY½\ dS / wdik ;f oljynfom;
wdkYrSm jrefrmwvdkif;wdkY wHpdk;vufaqmif,lwwfykH? tu,fí 4if;wdkYtm; &mxl;BuD;ay;u xdkxufqdk;½Gm;acsrnf/
ylwauvlrsK;d rsm; orm"d½MdS uygayonf[k xifrw S Mf uav\/ xdo k x
Ykd ifrwS af pjcif;yif ylwauvlrsK;d wd\ Yk &nf½, G cf suf
yifjzpfavonf/ armifbek ;f jrifo Y nf xdt k pGt
J vef;rsm;yaysmufatmif ajymifajymifra[mEdik &f um;? &if;ES;D olwt Ykd m;
vufuyk u f m tusK;d taMumif;udk ½Si;f jy&½Smav\/ wdik ;f jynfwckv;Hk udk ajAmifvrd í f wduk o f rd ;f olrsm;onf xdx k uf
ao;i,faomraumif;rSKukd tb,frmS vQif rjyKbaJ eawmYteYH nf;[k vlrsK;d jcm;rSeo f rQ tkypf ;kd jcif;cH&aom rnfonfh
EdkifiHrqdk uHqdk;rdk;arSmifusonfESifYwlaMumif;yg raerem;ajymae&av\/ wvdkif;jrefrmwdkY\ qlyGufaeaom
aoG;wdkYonf aygufuGJawmYrnfuJYodkY wuJuJ jzpfysufaeav&m? armifbkef;jrifYrSm acgif;aqmiftrnfrcHbJ tvGef
BuD;av;aomwm0efBuD;udk xrf;ydk;í ae&½Smav\/
oefvsifNrKdUv,f cyfususwGif BuD;us,fcrf;em;aom tkwfwdkufBuD;wck½Sdav\/ xdktkwfwdkufBuD;\
ab;ywfvnfwGifum; aoewfudkifrsufESmjzLppfom;rsm; tajrmufvSnf;rsm;jzifY 0dkif;&Hvsuf½Sdav\/ xdktaqmuf
tODum; ylwaubk&ifcrH if;Bu;D \ taqmuftODBu;D jzpfavonf/ xdak eYnaeydik ;f wGif bk&ifcrH if;Bu;D onf ylwau
vlrsK;d ukeo f nfBu;D rsm;? wvdik ;f jrefrm vlBu;D vlaumif;rsm;? ukvm;rnf;vlBu;D rsm;? t&m½Srd sm;ponfwu Ykd kd Bu;D us,f
crf;em;pGm npmauR;arG;aom aeYxl;aeYjrwfí? wvdkif;jrefrmvlBuD;vlaumif;ESifY t&m½SdwdkYrSm ylwau bk&ifcHrif;
ud, k wf ikd f vufqEJG KS wq f ufum azmfazmfa½Ga½GjyKro l nfukd rsm;pGmauseyf aoG;Muv G su?f ESv;Hk om;rsm; zde;f ½Sed ;f ylxí l
oGm;Muav\/ tqdkyg xrif;pm;yGJü ylwauEdkifiHBuD;\ BuD;us,fpnfum;ykH? ylwauvlrsKd;wdkY\ ynmOmPfESifY
wefc;kd Bu;D yk?H wvdik ;f jrefrmpaom vlrsK;d rsm;udk wvk;H wpnf;wnf;jzpfatmif r[mu½kPmESit Yf yk cf sKyyf wHk u Ykd ykd g ajymjy
vsu½f &dS m? jrefrmvlrsK;d wdu Yk ,kd pf m;[lí ylwaubk&ifrif;jrwf oufawmf&mausm½f n S yf gap? wvdik ;f jrefrmvlrsK;d wdo Yk nf
ud, k vYf rl sK;d tcsi;f csi;f tkypf ;kd írjzpf? tjrrJ oifrY wifjY zpfwwfí ylwaut½Sirf if;jrwfu, kd pf m; ,ck bk&ifcrH if;Bu;D
ocifbk&m;tkyfpdk;ojzifY a½S;uxuf om,m0ajymaMumif;? NrKdUcif;wdkufwm taqmuftODwdkYrSm r[mZeu
Zmwfawmfvm rdxdvmjynfBuD;ESifYwlaMumif; ponfjzifY tm;yg;w& oHawmfOD;wifum avQmufxm;Muav\/
ywfwwf? EGJUwwf? nSif;wwf owif;tokH;awmfcHwdkYuvnf; bk&ifcHrif;BuD; oufawmf&mausmf½SnfygapaMumif;
qkawmif;um uckejf rL;wl;íaeMuav\/ xrif;pm;yGBJ u;D um; wpwpvlpí J oGm;cJaY v\/ y&dowfwv Ykd nf; jyefomG ;
MuNyDjzpf&m tcsKdUrSm t&ufcsKdrsm;,pfvsuf ykqdk; rEdkifYwEdkifESifY jzpfysufcsifwdkif; jzpfysufaeMuav\/
 ylwaubk&ifcrH if;Bu;D um; oufawmfapmifY ud, k &f aH wmfrsm;ESiYf 4if;\pHtrd af wmf tay:xyfoYkd wufa&muf
oGm;av&m? 4if;\tyg;rS rsufESmjzLudk,f&Hawmfrsm;? tvdkawmf&d wvdkif;jrefrmtcsKdUwdkY tem;uygoGm;Muav\/
tdrfay:odkYa&mufvQif bk&ifcHrif;BuD;onf wvdkif;jrefrm t&m½SdtcsKdUESifY ESD;aESmvsuf½Sdav&m? b,ausmfolum;
ESKwfvQmoGufoGufESifY avQmufxm;vsuf½Sdav\/
]] b,fEY , S v
f J armifrif;rsm; ...uaeY naepmxrif;yGEJ iS Yf prf;oyfMunfw h t YJ cg? igwdu Yk kd MunfnKad v;pm;wJY
vlawG tvGefrS rsm;yguvm; ...}}
]] rSevf yS g ...'g[m jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm;&JU oabmjzpfaMumif;ygbk&m;? bke;f wefc;kd tmPm½So d w l uYkd jyKvyk vf Qif
rsufESmvdkrsufESm& aemufawmfyg;u tjrJcpm;r,fY vlrsKd;awGygbk&m; ...}}
]] tif; ...'Dtwdkif;rSef&if igudk,fawmf aqmif½GuforQ txajrmufzdkYaybJ ...}}
]] rSefvSyg ...waeYwjcm; bkef;wefcdk;BuD;NyD;? jrefrmwEdkifiHvkH; tvG,fESifYatmifjrifzdkYygbk&m;? bk&m;
uRefawmf b,ausmfol tus,favQmufxm;cGifYudk a½Tem;qifawmfrlygbk&m; ...}}
]] tif; ...armifrif;[m i,fuRefawmf vl,kHawmfynm½Sdjzpfí wifapAsm; ...}}
]] uReaf wmfrsK;d wdu Yk ,
kd w
f ikd f t½Sib f &k m;wdu Yk ;kd uG,w f YJ bmomrGef bmomjrwfukd tud;k uG,f aemufusaeonfh
twGuf 0rf;enf;rdygonf/ ocifa,½SK\ bke;f awmf? *kPaf wmfuv kd nf; aemufro S &d ygonf/ onfawmYum t½Siw f Ykd
uReaf wmfrsK;d wd\ Yk rGejf rwfaomA&if*sb D momudk wdik ;f Edik if w H iG f tvGerf sm;jym;cJyY gu? tkycf sKyaf &;rSmvnf; uk, d b
Yf ufom;
rsm;zdkY&m taMumif;½Sdygonfbk&m;? bmomw&m;wGif vl0ifzdkYrSm t½SifwdkYpDrHwJYtwdkif; bmom0ifrsm;tm; aiGaMu;
ydkrdkaxmufyHYjcif;? &mxl;&mcHay;jcif;wdkYjzifY tawmfyif vlOD;a&rsm;cJYygonf/ xdkYxuf wqifYwufzdkYrSm Ak'¨bmom
bkef;BuD;vlxGufrsm;tm; vc&du©m pm;aomufavmufatmif ay;urf;ygvQif? omrefvlxuf w&m;a[m? pum;
ajymwwf? rdkuf½l;&JvkyfwwfvSaomaMumifY vlaygif;rsm;pGm uRefawmfrsKd;wdkYbmomwGif 0ifa&mufMuygrnfbk&m; }}
]] bmoma&;udpöeJY rNyD;bl; armifrif;? wcsKdUjrefrmawGu olwdkYjrefrmbk&if vmvdrfYr,fvdkY xifaeMuw,f?
auseyfykHr&bl;? 'g pOf;pm;zdkY ta&;BuD;w,f ...}}
]] rSev
f yS g 'D[mrSmvJ rcJ,Of;vSygbk&m;? rauseyfwo YJ rl sm;udk ememzdypfvu kd v f Qif aemufqw k Nf y;D aMumuf½UHG
oGm;MuygvdrfYrnfbk&m; ...}}
]] tdk ...uREfkyfwdkY ylwauvlrsKd;&JU pnf;pepfu 'Dvdkr[kwfbl;? rauseyfvdkY qlylwJYolawGudk ememaygif;?
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Ykd v kd nf; vltMunfnKd
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av\/ opöm½Sí d rdru d , dk u f kd xde;f odr;f apmifaY ½SmufavY½adS om rde;f raumif;wdrYk nfonfrmS rdrcd ifyeG ;f onf uG,&f mü
tjcm;a,mufsm;wyg;ESifYawGUqkHum rdwfaqGtjzpfyif NyKH;&,fí pum;ajym½dk;r½Sd/ rdrda,mufsm;rSwyg; xduyg;
&duyg; udik w f , G jf yKvyk jf cif;udv k nf; txl;a½SmifMuOf&pjrJ jzpfav&m? ,ck touf 40ausmf Z&mtdBk u;D onf orD;csi;f
rpmem rdrdtm;qGJiifum twif;Avuúm&jyKrlojzifY? tvGefcH&cufvsuf rnfuJYodkY vl,kwfrmtm; uvJYpm;acsrS
oifYawmfrnf[k a'gopdwfuav;ESifY awG;awmaerdav\/ wzefvnf; rdrdu rnfodkYrQpdwfrygbJ? wzufowf
avmbpdwEf iS jYf yKral ompdwo f nf rdr\
d pifMu,faompdw"f mwfukd rxdcu kd Ef ikd [ f k ajzrdaomtcg? ]]tdk udb k ek ;f rod&if
NyD;wmbJ? bmrSvJ vGefusL;rdwmrSr[kwfbJ}}[k rcsdrqefYESifY awG;awmjyef½Smav\/

tcef; ( 7 )

2&ufcefMY umvQi?f armifbek ;f jrifo

Y nf '*keb
f ufoo
Ykd mG ;&mrS jyefvnfa&muf½vdS mav\/ a½S;OD;pGm oefvsif
0efrif;xHodkY 0ifa&mufum '*kefbufuvlrsm;rSm pdwf0rf;nDnGwfvsuf½SdMuaMumif;? oefvsufbufupvdkufvQif
oabmwlaqmif½Guf&eftoifY½SdaMumif;ESifY awGUqkHESD;aESmykHrsm;udk ajymqdkNyD;vQif ZeD;onf\tcef;odkY ul;cJYav\/
½Sifeef;EG,fuav;um; uJvm;wHcg;rSxGufum armifbkef;jrifY\vufudkqGJNyD;vQif ESpfudk,f,SOfwGJum anmifapmif;
ay:wGif xdkifMuav\/ xdktcg ½Sifeef;EG,frSm rdrdonf tvGefapmifYpnf;uspfvpfpGm aexdkifygvsuf vlapmfum;
cH&avjcif;? udkbkef;½SdvQif 'DvdkjzpfrSmr[kwfbl;[k awG;awm0rf;enf;vmum rsuf&nfrsm;vnfívm½Smav\/
armifbkef;jrifYonf ZeD;onf\rsufESmav;udk tm;yg;w&Munfh½SKí tcspf\ESKwfqufenf;jzifY ESKwfquf&if; ...
]] tdk EG,Ef , G ?f bmjzpfwmvJu, G ?f udb k ek ;f c&D;oGm;wm Mumvdv Yk m; ...5&ufxyJ g? EG,Ef , G uf 'Dvv kd rG ;f Ny;D
idak e&pfr,fq&kd if udb k ek ;f cvkww f u kd Nf y;D vJaerSmaygY? udb k ek ;f wdu Yk o
k v kd uf u H tMuifvifr,m;tjzpf at;at;aecGiYf
rBuKHBuKdufbl;? udkbkef;wdkYvufxufrSm atmif&ifatmif? ratmif&if aemufvmaemufom;rsm;twGuf erlem&ap
awmYvYkd toufpeG aYf qmif½u G af eMu&wm? EG,Ef , G v f t J odom;eJY ridyk geJu Y , G ?f jyefvm&if NyK;H NyK;H uav; Munfyh g&ap}}
[k pum;avavQmufajymum acsmYarmYíae&av\/ EG,fEG,fum; armifbkef;jrifY wrsKd;xifí ajymqdkjcif;jzifY
rdrd\tjzpfudk zkH;uG,fNyD;jzpfaomfvnf;? armifbkef;jrifY\ Muifem,k,aom u½kPmoHonf tonf;ESvkH;udk ydkrdk
xdcu kd af v&um;? armifbek ;f jrif\ Y vnfyif;udzk ufum ½SKu d if if idak Mu;G rd½mS avonf/ armifbek ;f jrifv Y nf; &ifciG w f iG f
ayGU,lum ...
]] vkyfjyefNyD EG,fEG,f? udkbkef; tvkyfudk zsufypfawmYrSmvm;? EG,fEG,fuom udkbkef; c&D;xGufwdkif; 'Dvdk
id½k KS u
d af er,fq&kd if? udb k ek ;f rSm aemufqw H iifiifeYJ jzpf&awmYr,f? tvkypf cef;rSmvJ ajzmifaY jzmifo Y mG ;Edik rf mS r[kwf
awmYb;l ? raovJaygif; aovJuaH ygY? wdik ;f jynfEikd if t H usK;d twGuf udb k ek ;f aqmif½u G o
f rQ? EG,Ef , G &f UJ *kPu f suo f a&
wdk;wufzdkYcsnf;ygyJvdkY? EG,fEG,fajymxm;wmawG arYNyDvm;uG,f ...}}[k 0rf;enf;oHESifYajymav&m? EG,fEG,frSm
xdktcgusrS rsuf&nfrsm;udkokwfvsuf ...
]] udbk ek ;f aqmif½u G rf mS udak qmif½u G yf g? 'DuaeYawmY cgwdik ;f xufyNkd y;D vGr;f vdYk idrk w d myg? aemufukd EG,Ef , G f
ridkawmYygbl;? udkbkef; oabmwlr,fqdk&if udkbkef;oGm;av&mrSm aotwl½SiftrQ EG,fEG,fvJ vdkufemaqmif½Guf
0HYygw,f }}[k ajymjyav&m ...
]] tJ'DvdkrSaygY EG,fEG,f? at;at;oufomae&wJY tcgrsKd;r[kwfbl;? bmom omoemeJY wrsKd;vkH;twGuf
BuD;av;wJYudpöudk udkbkef;wdkYu erlemjyaqmif½GufcJYrS aemif&mZ0if wGif&pfawmYraygY ...}}[k EG,fEG,f\ rsufESm
uav;udk ½Tef;½Tef;pm;pm;Munfh&if; ajymqdkvdkufav\/
wzef armifbek ;f jrifu Y qufvufí ...]] tck udb k ek ;f wdaYk qmif½u G af ewmudk ylwaubk&ifc&H UJ olvQKad wGu
tjrJ acsmif;ajrmif;aew,f? udb k ek ;f udv k J oli,fcsi;f awGu ckaecg acgif;aqmiftrnfrcHbaJ ewmudk auseyfMuw,f?
acgif;aqmifvyk zf x Ykd uf c&D;wGiaf tmifvyk zf u Ykd ta&;Bu;D awmY? acgif;aqmifvyk rf ,fv Y il ,fuykd J tawmfawmif;yef
&r,f? 0rf;omp&maumif;vdkufwmu udkbkef;wdkYrSm awGUorQvlawGu rdbwOD;wnf;rSaygufzGm;wJY nDtpfudkawG
uGu J mG ae&mu jyefNy;D qkaH wGUMuovdk odyNf y;D cifMuwmbJ? wOD;uajym&if wOD;u em;axmifwmbJ EG,Ef , G &f UJ ? wcsKUd
pdwfrxdef;EdkifwJY vli,fawGuawmY tuRefwdkY qdk;vSacs&JUvdkY idkMuw,f? wcsKdUuawmYvJ ukvm;jzLawGudk awGU&m
ocFsKdif;owfypfr,fvdkY Budrf;0g;Muw,f? aemufqkH;aqmif½Guf&r,fY udpöuawmYvJ tawmfyJ Murf;wrf;Mu&rSmrdkY
ckaeuwnf;u EG,fEG,f oabmBuD;BuD;eJY pOf;pm;xm;apcsifw,f ...}}
]] aeygOD; udkbkef;&,f? aemufqkH; olykefxrSjzpfr,fY udpör[kwfvm; ...}}
]] trSefyJ? 'DtcgrSm udkbkef;[m olykefBuD; jzpf&raygY? 'gayr,fY 'Dtcsdefu vdkygao;w,f? udk,fYvlrsKd;
tcsif;csif; bk&ifudk eef;cscsifwJYtcgrSmjzpfap? vlwrsKd;vufatmufu ½kef;xGufcsifwJYtcgrSmjzpfap? olykefx0HYrS
&½SdEdkifrSmrdkY udkbkef;wdkY twGif;vli,frsm;[m 'gawGudk eufeufeJeJ pOf;pm;xm;Muw,f? 'DawmY EG,fEG,f[m 'djyif
bmrSrpOf;pm;bJ EG,fEG,fwwfEdkifonfhbufu udkbkef;tvkyfudk ulnDapcsifygw,f ...}}
]] EG,fEG,fvJ aeYpOfESifYtrQ pOf;pm;vsufyg? udkbkef;&JUtvkyfudk b,fvdkulnD&ygYrvJvdkY? EG,fEG,f pOf;pm;&
oavmuf udb k ek ;f EG,Ef , G u Yf kd pGev Yf w T Ef ikd wf w YJ aeY[m udb k ek ;f &JU oHa,mZOfBuK;d jywfomG ;vdYk ,ckBuaH qmifaewmxuf
ydkrdk pdwfxufoefrvm;vdkY ...}}
]] 'Dvkd[kwf½dk;vm; EG,fEG,f&,f ...? ckaecg udkbkef; wjcm;udk oGm;a&mufaqmif½Gufae&mu? udk,fpdwf
ESpyf g; EGr;f e,fvmwJt Y cg? EG,Ef , G &f UJ rsuEf mS uav;udjk rif&&if pdwv f ufMunfvifNy;D yifyef;orQ tukeaf ysmufwmrdYk
tm;wrsKd;jzpfaeygw,f ...}}
]] 'Dvq kd &kd ifvJ EG,Ef , G [ f m udb k ek ;f tvdv k u kd Nf y;D tBuKu d af ezdyYk gyJ ...}}[k ESpOf ;D ½Tiyf spmG qufvufajymqdí k
aeMuav\/ 4if;wdkYESpfOD;\ pdwful;&nf½G,fcsufrSm touft½G,fESifYrvdkuf? tvGeftxufwef;usaomaMumifY
rsKd;cspfpdwfr½Sdol odkYr[kwf rsKd;cspfpdwf½Sdaomfvnf; rpGefYpm;0HYolwdkYtwGufrSm xifjrifoabmayguf&ef cJ,Of;ay
vdrrYf nf/ od&Yk mwGif touf 13ESpf 14ESpt f ½G,u f yif bk&ift Y rSKawmfux kd rf;vsuf trSKaMuukeaf tmif toufpeG Yf
aqmif½Gufolrsm; &mZ0ifwGif txift½Sm;½Sd&um;? wrsKd;vkH; wjynfvkH;\epfemcsufudk eufeJpGmod&NyD;jzpfí trsKd;
twGuf toufEiS v Yf u
J m aqmif½u G Mf uawmYrnf[k ZeD;armifEyHS ikd ;f jzwfMuonfrmS tmZmenfw\ Ykd tpOftvmyif
jzpfygonf/
aemufwaeY eHeufcif;wGif armifbkef;jrifYonf oefvsif0efrif;ESifYtwl vbuf&nfMurf;aomuf&if;
Edik if aH &;pum;rsm;udk ajymMum;aqG;aEG;íaecdu k ?f rif;vkvifrsm; a&muf½v dS mojzifY txl;tHt
Y m;oifí Y aerdMuav\/
oefvsif0efrif;onf £a`E´rysufMunfh½SKum ...]] bmudpörsm;ygvJ tarmifvkvifwdkY ...}}[k ar;jref;&m? ,aeY
rGe;f rwdr;f rDtcsed w
f iG f bk&ifcrH if;Bu;D \vTwaf wmfoYkd om;rufbek ;f jrifyY g vma&muf&ef trdeyYf gaMumif; puúLrifa&;
pmudkxkwfíjyav\/
bk&ifrif;BuD;\ trdefYawmf ...

oefvsif0efrif;ESifYwuG ykodrf? ajrmif;jr? 'v? '*kefpaom atmufjrefrmEdkifiH wvdkif;okH;&yfudkyg tpdk;&

awmfrlaom t½Sifylwau bk&ifcHrif;BuD; trdefY½Sdvdkufonf oefvsif0efa[mif;ESifY om;rufbkef;jrifYwdkY/
armifrif;wdoYk nf v,fy,f 20ausmt f wGuf tcGeaf iG vGwo f ifY rvGwo
f ifu
Y pd Eö iS Yf ywfoufí wGb
J uf0ef
b,ausmfol oGm;a&mufpkHprf;&mwGif? armifrif;wdkYESpfOD;rSm wdrf;a½Smifaeí? vlqdk;vloGrf;wdkYtm; a`rSmufyifYay;
aomaMumifY? b,ausmfolESifY rif;vkvifESpfOD;wdkY t½dkuftESufcH&aMumif; tpD&ifcHMuonf/ xdkudpöaMumifY txl;
ppfar;vdkojzifY vTwfawmfodkY vma&mufMu&rnf/

]] aumif;ygNyD tarmifvkvifwdkY? vmcJYygrnf ...}}[k ajymqdkum rif;vkvifwdkYtm; vTwfvdkufNyD;aemuf?

oefvsif0efrif;rSm a'gyGíaerdav\/ rdrdESifY om;rufr½Sdcdkuf orD;jzpfoltm; Avuúm&jyKrlNyD;vQif 4if;wdkYuyif
wzef trSKqifí aESmif, Y u S jf yefacsNyw D um;[k pOf;pm;ae&mu? tu,fí orD;jzpfot l m; b,ausmo f l BupH nfyuHk kd
armifbkef;jrifYtm; ajymjyacsu? armifbkef;jrifYrSm xdkYxufa'gyGum wpkHw&m jzpfysufacsrnfpdk;aomaMumifY ...
]] tJ'gudkyJ csifYa&mY vluav;&JU ...b,ausmfol[m rif;a`rSmifpdk;uyf tvdkawmf&dvkyf½kHomr[kwf?
vlaumif;olaumif;awGudk tvGefyJ aESmifY,SufavY½Sdw,f? waeYu bb&JUtdrfudk olvmawmY b,folu ½dkufESuf
oGm;w,frod? 'gudyk J bbwdYk cdik ;f apav[ef 'if;u OmPfqifbad wmYw,f? tppt&m&m owdxm;rS jzpfacsr,f}}
]] rpdk;&drfygeJY bb? uRefawmfwa,mufxJ&JU tusKd;epfemrSKudkpDrHvQif uRefawmf acgif;ikHYcHygw,f? ,ckvdk
wdik ;f jynftrsK;d om;tusK;d xdcu kd af tmif jyKrw
l oYJ al wGuakd wmY b,fenf;eJrY Q csr;f omay;Edik rf nfr[kwyf gí? waeYaeYrmS
w&m;pD&if&rnf trSefyifjzpfygw,f ...}}
]] udik ;f ...olEY ikd if rH mS oltY rdeYf remcHvaYkd wmY rjzpfao;bl;? xrif;pm;MuOD;pdYk ...}}[k taptyg;rsm;tm;
xrif;jyifqif&ef cdkif;apNyD;aemuf pm;aomufíaeMuav\/
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av\/ t&yfxrJ mS vnf; oefvsi0f efrif;ESiYf om;rufarmifbek ;f jrifw Y t Ykd m; vTw½f ;Hk u qifaY c:Ny[ D k Mum;&aomtcg?
bmrsm;jzpfMuvdrOYf ;D rnfv[ J k em;pGiaYf eMuav\/ ylwaubk&ifum; oefvsiNf rKUd ay:wGif vTw½f ;Hk Bu;D wck aqmufvyk f
xm;um ta&;BuD;aomudpörsm;udk 4if;udk,fwdkif ppfar;pD&ifavY½dS\/ tcsKdUudpörsm;udkrl ckHorm"d½kH; t&m½Sdrsm;
cefYxm;vsuf pD&ifav\/ ½kH;toD;oD;wGifvnf; trSKonfESpfzufrS a½SUaewdkY\avQmufvJcGifYudk a½S;uxuf ydkrdk
ta&;ay;íxm;av\/ oefvsif0efrif;om;tz vTwfawmf½kH;odkYa&mufvQif toifYapmifYpm;aeom udk,f&Hawmf
wdkYonf ylwau bk&ifcHrif;BuD;tdrfawmfodkY ac:aqmifoGm;av\/ bk&ifcHrif;BuD;udk,fwdkif NyKH;csKdpGm qD;BuKdum
ESKwfqufvsuf ae&mxdkifcif;ay;av\/
]] 0efrif;wdkY trdefYpmrsm; eHeufcif;u &½Sdygovm; ...}}
]] rSefvSyg ...rif;vkvifwdkY vma&mufay;tyfqifYac:vdkY &½SdMuaMumif;yg ...}}
]] uREyfk f rqifrjcif jyKrrl yd gvQif tvGe0f rf;enf;p&m aumif;ayrnf/ ,ckru l m; b,ausmo f El iS Yf ygvmaom
rif;vkvifEpS Of ;D udk pkpH rf;Munfrh S taMumif;pko H &d aMumif;? xdtYk wGuf rdrt d rdeu
Yf kd rdr½d yk of rd ;f í rdwjf zpfaqGjzpf pum;
ajymqdkvdkaMumif; ...}} rdefYqdk&m ...
 ]] b,ausmfolvmpOfu uRefawmfwdkY r½SdMuyg? olwdkY bmombm0 b,fykHjzpfysufonfudkvnf; rod&yg?
v,fy,f 20ausmfrSmvnf; xdkuxGufaomoD;ESHtm;vkH; avSavSmfoif;rsm;udk ukodkvfjzpf axmufyHY&onfhtwGuf
v,fcGefvGwfzdkY avQmufxm;&jcif;jzpfygw,f? v,fcGefudpö aqmif½GufrSKtpOftvmrSmvJ v,fbufqdkif&muom
pkHprf;cGifY½Sdw,fvdkY od&ygw,f ...}}
]] b,ausmfoltrSm;yJ 0efrif;? olYudkvJ uREfkyf owday;vdkufygNyD? onf[mESifYywfoufNyD; txl;taxG
ajymqdk&efr½Sdyg? 0efrif;\om;ruf armifbkef;jrifYudkvnf; Munfh½SKvdkí apmifYpm;aejcif;jzpfygw,f ...}}
]] rSefyg? onfoli,fyif armifbkef;jrifYjzpfygonf? olYtbdk;rSm vufsm0if;rSL;a[mif;BuD; jzpfaMumif;yg }}
]] Mum;od&oavmuf taygif;toif;rsm;udk OmPftajrmftjrifeYJ jynfph w Hk ,fvYkd tpD&ifcMH uygw,f? uREyfk f
&nf½G,fcsufrSmvJ ,ckvdk t&nftcsif;½SdwJY vli,frsm;udk &mxl;ay;vdkwJYtwGuf? tcGefbufqdkif&m t&m½Sdtjzpf
&du©mokH;ydómESifYcefYxm;vQif vufcHEdkifr,fvdkY arQmfvifYygw,f ...}}
oefvsif0efrif;onf armifbkef;jrifY\rsufESmudk av;eufaomtrlt&mESifY Munfh½SKNyD;aemuf ...
]] ol vufcHvkyfEdkifr,fqdk&if uefYuGufp&mr½SdaMumif;yg ...}}
]] b,fYES,f armifbkef;jrifY? rif; bbbk&m;u oabmwlaeNyD? vufcHvdkufr,fqdk&if aus;Zl;wif&rSmyJ }}
]] rSev
f yS g? ckvkd vcBu;D wJY &mxl;&mcHeYJ ,k,
H MHk unfMunf cs;D `riS aYf wmfro l nft h wGuf txl;yif aus;Zl;wifum
0rf;ajrmufvSygonf/ odkY&mwGif uRefawmfYrSm v,fajrvkyfom;ESifY OD;pD;vkyfudkif&aomudpö? vli,frsm; usef;rmrSK
aqmif½u G af eMuonfukd tm;ay;vdak omudprö sm;aMumif?Y vufcv H vkd suEf iS Yf 0rf;enf;pGm jiif;y,f&rnf jzpfygw,f...}}
]] armifbkef;jrifY tdrfwGif;pD;yGm;a&;udpöudk onfhjyifvlvTJvkyf&if jzpfEdkifygw,f? uREfkyf vTJtyfwJYudpö[m
BuD;av;aomwm0efeJYrdkY orm"d½Sdolrsm;ESifYawmfí ay;tyfjcif;jzpfayw,f ...}}
]] rSefyg ...vufrcHEdkifvdkY 0rf;enf;ygw,f }}
]] aumif;NyD ...pOf;pm;ygOD;? aemiftcg aemifwr&ygaveJY? vdkcsifolawGuawmY tvGefrsm;ygw,f?
udkif;udkif; ...oGm;EdkifMuNyD ...}}[k cGifYjyKvTwfvdkufav\/
om;tbESpOf ;D um; vTwaf wmfteD;wGif apmifaY eaomvSn;f ,mOfjzifY tdro f jYkd yefcMYJ u&m? oefvsi0f efrif;onf
armifbkef;jrifYudk av;pm;aomtrlt&mjzifYMunfh½SK&if; ...
]] vluav; oabmaygufygYrvm; atmufarYaewm? oabmayguf&JUudk;uGJU ...}}
]] bm oabmraygufp&m½SdvJ bb? uRefawmfYudk csD;`rSifYcsifvdkYr[kwfbl;? uRefawmf emrnfrcHayr,fY?
uRefawmfYtBuHOmPfeJY vli,faygif; ajrmufjrm;pGm pnf;vkH;nDnGwfaewmudk olvQKdrsm;odMuw,f? waeYaeYrSm
uRefawmf acgif;aqmifvdrfYr,fqdkwmvJ &dyfrdMuw,f? 'gYaMumifY uRefawmfYudk &mxl;eJYtrdzrf;MuwmaygY ...}}
]] cgwdkif;tBudrfrSmqkd&if b,ausmfol&JUpum;udk ae&mwdkif; vdkufavsmavY½Sdw,f? onfwBudrfrSm
b,ausmfoludk ,kHpm;awmfrrlovdkvkyfvkdufjcif;jzifY? bbwdkYom;tzudk vufudkifjyKvdkaMumif;xif½Sm;aew,f }}
]] ckaetcgrSm uRefawmfYudk odyfNyD; tm;udk;Muw,f bb&JU? jrpHeJY &JabmfwdkYvnf; owåd½Sdayr,fY tBuH
OmPfawmY uReaf wmfu Y kd tm;ud;k jyK&ufb?J wu,fvrYkd sm; ylwaubk&ifc&H UJ bufu tkycf sKyaf &;axmufcw H t
YJ vkyu f kd
ulnDNyD;vkyfudkif&if tukef &ifuGJyufvuf jzpfukef½SmMuawmYr,f? rvkyf&ufygbl; bb&,f ...}}
]] om"k om"k ...'Dvdk oefY½Sif;wJYpdwf½SdrS tzdk;wefwmyJuGJU? ylwaubk&ifcH[mvJ tajrmtjrifBuD;yg
ayw,f ...}}[k ajympOf 0if;aygufodkYa&muf½SdvmMuav\/
oefvsi0f efrif;\ tdr0f if;aygufüum; vl 4-50cefY pka0;apmifq Y ikd ;f aeMu&m? vSn;f ay:u qif;vQiq f if;jcif;
tusK;d taMumif;udk ar;jref;Muav\/ 0efrif;ESiYf armifbek ;f jrifv Y nf; ylwaubk&ifrif;Bu;D u trSK½í dS qifaY c:jcif;
r[kwf? wdkifyifp&mudpö½Sdí ac:,ljcif;jzpfaMumif;udk ajymqdkaomtcgusrS? pdwfat;auseyfaom vu©PmESifY
'Dvdkqdk aumif;ygav&JU[k ajymqdkum jyefoGm;Muav\/ xdkvlpkxJrS jrpHESifY&Jabmfum; jyefroGm;Muao;bJ
armifbkef;jrifYtm; wD;wdk;uyf&yfar;jref;&m? armifbkef;jrifYvnf; taMumif;pkHajymjyrS omvGefauseyfvsuf tjcm;
vkyfief;udpörsm;udk qufvufajymqdkíaeMuav\/
b,ausmfolum; oefvsif0efa[mif;ESifY om;rufwdkYtm; tqif;wGef;aomfvnf; ratmifjrifojzifY tcJ
raMubJ aecJY&av&m? ½Sifeef;EG,fuav;tm;vnf; pGJvrf;vGef;tm;BuD;aomaMumifY t½l;uJYodkYjzpfíaeav\/
wcgw&H 4if;\ZeD;rsm;udkyif ]]EG,fEG,f ...EG,fEG,f}}[k a,mif,rf;ac:iifrdojzifY wdwfwdwfykef; NyKH;rdMuav\/
4if;\pdww f iG f ½Sief ef;EG,u f av;tm; t&,lzYkd tBut H pnfravQmaY o;/ acsmifonfEiS w Yf NyKid ef uf cd;k ,laygif;oif;&ef
wynfhrsm;ESifY wdkifyifíxm;av\/ t&ufaomuf&í aiGaMu;azmazmoDoD okH;pGJ&aom b,ausmfol\ wynfh
uRefrsm;rSmvnf;? q&mcdkif;aporQ toufpGefYaqmif½GufMuolrsm;jzpfojzifY? tu,fí ½Sifeef;EG,fuav;onf
armifbkef;jrifYtm; tusKd;taMumif; ajymqdkxm;ygu? armifbkef;jrifYrSm taygif;toif; oli,fcsif; aygrsm;ol
jzpfonfhtwGuf? wpkHw&mjzpfEdkifzdkY taMumif;r½Sday/ ,ckrlum; armifbkef;jrifY pdwfraumif;jzpfrnfpdk;í zkH;uG,f
xm;aomaMumif?Y vpfonfEiS w Yf NyKid ef uf rnfuo
YJ jYkd zpfysurf nfukd 4if;ud, k w f ikd f awG;awmylyefae[ef rwlawmYacs/
armifbek ;f jrifu Y m; ,cktcgwGif wdik ;f a&;jynfa&;u ydrk t kd a&;Bu;D cJaY v\/ r[m"r®&mZmbk&ifrif;jrwfonf
awmifilbk&iftm; xD;eef;udk wdkufcdkuftEdkif&aomfvnf;? awmifilbk&if\pnf;pdrfudk r½SKwfrcsbJ ay;íxm;cJY
aomaMumif?Y awmifib l &k ifrmS ylwaubk&ifEiS Yf pum;tquftoG,½f o dS nf[k Mum;od&aomaMumifw Y nf;/ tu,fí
awmifio l nf ylwaubk&ifc\ H vufatmufoaYkd &muf½o dS mG ;ygu? [Hom0wDuw kd u kd cf u
kd o f rd ;f ,l&ef cJ,Of;awmYrnf
r[kwaf cs/ [Hom0wD ukvm;vufxyJ gygu txufEikd if H NrKUd ½Gmrsm;rSm ukvm;vufeufEikd if jH zpfí jrefrmwjynfv;Hk
ukvm;jzpfrnfudk awG;awmylyifvSum? ukvm;jzLrsm;\tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif aoG;prf;onfhoabmjzifY taESmifYt,Suf
ay;&ef enf;vrf;rsm;udk vli,fwdkYESifY vSnfhvnfwdkifyifvsuf ae&av\/
t0aejynfawmfwiG f pd;k pHvsu½f adS wmfral om r[m"r®&mZmrif;w&m;Bu;D onf tvGepf w d cf s,MHk unf&aom
rif;Bu;D oufawmf½n S ?f ppfb&k ifcsKy?f oHawmfqifw Y EYkd iS Yf wifqufvmT wapmifukd pOf;pm;íaeMuav\/ oHawmfqifY
rif;um; bk&ifrif;jrwf a½Tem;awmfMum;½kHrQ wdk;wdk;zwfMum;vsufaeav\/
]] bk&m;a½Tbkef;udk cdkvSKHvsuf pkHprf;od½Sd&orQ oHawmfOD;wifvTmudk ½Sdcdk;qufoygonfbk&m;? ,cktcg
iZifumonf ylwaubk&ifcHrif;BuD;[k tac:cHvsuf? oefvsife,fw0dkuf ykodrf? ajrmif;jr? '*kef? 'v ponfwdkYudk
tkypf ;kd ae&m? qm;csuaf oma'orS bk&m;Edik if aH wmfoYkd qm;ryd&Yk ef ydwyf ifvsu½f ydS gonfb&k m;? [Hom0wDwiG f qifwyf
jrif;wyfupí qm;csufcJY&ovdk pdk;&drfzG,fjzpfygonfbk&m;? bk&m;ykxdk;wdkYudkvnf; azmufxGif;zsufqD;aeygonf
bk&m;? bd;k awmfb&k m;aus;uRef wvdik ;f ? jrefrm? u&ifvrl sK;d wdt Yk m;vnf; rdpmä 'd|b d momudk oGwo f iG ;f aeygonfb&k m;?
MumvQif ukvm;iZifum\tvkH;t&if; ykdrdkjrJzdkY&m rsm;ygonfbk&m;? awmifilbk&ifudkvnf; ,kHMunfawmfrrl&ef
ta&;BuD;ygonfbk&m;? Muuf½dk;yifpm;onf awmifilbk&ifESifY iZifumwdkY yl;aygif;a&;udk qufoG,faeaMumif;
Mum;od&ygonf/ iZifumonf wESpf ESpfESpftwGif; tm;tifjznfhwif;vsuf [Hom0wDudk a½S;OD;pGmwdkufrnfh
taMumif;udyk g od&ygonf/ uReaf wmf\om;i,fonf taygif;toif;ESijYf ynfph í Hk oefvsiw f iG f twGi;f olyek xf rnf
BupH nfae&m? bk&m;cGijYf yKawmfrv l Qif wwftm;orQ ulnv D akd omqE´½ydS gonfb&k m;? iZifumrSm olvQKrd sm;xm;ojzifY
owif;pum;Mum;odatmif jyKvkyf&aomta&;rSm at;at;vG,fvG,f r[kwfyg? toufpGefYaqmif½Guf&aMumif;
bk&m;odawmfrlygonf bk&m; ...}}
]]trwf vuf0Jpnfol}}

]] b,fYES,fvJ om;awmfrsm; ...iZifum&JUEdkifiHudk 0ifzdkY wufzdkY tawmfcJ,Of;ayr,f? vuf0Jpnfol[m

crnf;awmfb&k m; vufxufuwnf;u vuf½;Hk &nf? ESv;Hk &nfejYJ ynfpv Hk Ykd igud,
k af wmfjrwf\ wyfrawmfrmS ppfuBJ u;D
vkyfNyD; tjrJygawmfrlw,f? olYwyfuomjziYf aemufqkwfayguf,dkjcif; r½SdcJYaybl;? ,ck cdkif;awmfrlwJYudpörSmvnf;
owif;&atmif,lvdkYrdkY aejynfawmfta&muf ay;ydkYEdkifwmrsm; tvGefyif csD;a`rSmufoifYygayw,f ...}}
]] rSevf yS g ...bke;f awmfuRejf zpfaomaMumifY owåt
d &nfw&l m uReaf umif;rsm; a&muf½v dS m&mpjrt J wdik ;f
jzpfaMumif;ygbk&m; ...}}
]] olYtvdkqE´twdkif; armifrif;wdkY b,fvdkoabm&MuovJ ...}}
]] rSev
f yS g ...tjyifu rnfrQtm;aumif;aomfvnf; cHwyfvu Hk wm½Sncf ck EH ikd yf gonf/ twGi;f &ef? twGi;f
olykef½Sdu tjyif&efxuf pdk;&drf&aomaMumifY? bk&m;tvdkawmfudk rMumrD jynfhpkHawmfrlrnfjzpfaMumif;ygbk&m; }}
]] aumif;NyD armifrif; ...pmydkYol jrif;apausmfudk aZmfwysHcsDbGJUESifY aiGokH;ydóm oem;ygbd? udpöt00
aqmif½Guf&mü pdwfcs&efvnf; rSmvdkufygbd ...}}[k rdefYqdkum twGif;aqmifodkY 0ifawmfrlonf/ trwfBuD;ESifY
oHawmfqifrY if;wdv Yk nf; jrif;apausmt
f m; atmufjynfatmuf½mG \taMumif;rsm;udk qufvufar;jref;íaeMuav\/
 ]] rSefvSyg ...bkef;awmfBuD;bk&m;udk oHawmfOD;rwif0HYíom ae&ygonf? ylwauvlrsKd;wdkYtiftm;rSm
txl;rsm;jymvsuf½SdaMumif;yg? oabFmjynfrSvnf; a½SUtvm;tvmudk ajrmfaxmufNyD;vQif oabFmrsm;? tajrmuf
aoewf cJ,rf;rD;ausmufrsm;om ,lqJygbk&m; ...}}
]] tEdYk armifrif; ...iZifum&JU vufatmufcH wvdik ;f jrefrmwdrYk mS iZifumtkycf sKyw f m auseyfMu&JUvm;?
ukvm;jzLudk oabmusava&mwJYvm; ...}}
]] tcsKdUrSmvJ iZifumtkyfpdk;ykH[m jrefrmbk&if tkyfpdk;ykHxufaumif;w,fvdkY oabmusaeMuygw,f?
tcsKdUrSmvnf; "m;eD;&m aMumuf½GHU½dkaoaeMuaMumif;yg? tcsKdUrSmvnf; bkef;awmfBuD;bk&m; csDawmfrlvmrnfudk
arQmfvifYaeMuaMumif;ygbk&m; ...}}
]] w,fawmfwJYvlawG armifrif; ...udk,fpGrf;udk,fpeJY 'if;wdkYtkyfcsKyfrcHbl;? tukefaooGm;&if olYuRef
tjzpfyif oufomao;w,fvdkY oabmrxm;EdkifMubl;vm; ...}}
]] udk,fa&;udk,fwGufom toufudk iJYnSmMuzdkYuawmY cJ,Of;aMumif;ygbk&m; ...}}
]] aoG;aomuf vuf0Jpnfol&JUom; qdkwmuaum ...}}
]] onfvkvifuawmY twGif;Budwf BuHpnfaeqJygyJ? rnfodkY BuHpnfaeaMumif;udk rod&ao;ygbk&m; }}
]] vGecf wYJ YJ q,fEpS af vmuf uav;t½G,f vdu k af jy;vmwJY owåu d akd xmufq&if aoG;aomuf vuf0pJ nfo&l UJ
ol&owådrsKd; vmvdrYfr,fxifygY armifrif; ...}}
]] rSefyg ...vli,fwdkif; MunfnKdudk;pm;jcif;rSm owåd AswdåaMumifYyifjzpfygonf/ t&yftarmif;rSmvnf;
tz ppfuJBuD;xuf vufw0g;cefYjrifYí t*Fg½kyf tvGefaumif;ygonfbk&m; ...}}
]] tdr;f ...'if;wdv Yk &l nf Munf&h OD;rSmyJ? aumif;NyD aumif;Ny?D armifrif; bGUJ ykpH mcReef YJ qkawmfaiGukd vTw½f ;Hk
zGifYcsdefrSm toem;awmfjrwfcH&r,f }}[k rdefYqdkNyD;aemuf? jrif;apausmfvnf; vuf,Suf½Sdcdk;um xGufcGmoGm;av\/
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
aerif;onf aumif;uiftaemufbufyikd ;f wGif xef;wzsm;omomcefüY wdrjf zLwdrn f Krd sm; ajy;vTm;aeonfh
twGif;rS a*g,muRef;odkY ,Gef;awmYrnfh[ef jyifvsuf½Sdav\/ vSKdif;tdBuD;rsm;jziYf azmif;MuGydefcGufíaeaom
a&jyifwGif tvif;a&mifvufvsuf ½GufavSrsm;\ rnf;rnf;o@mefudkvnf; oefvsifbufrS Munfh½SKawGUjrifEdkif
av\/ xdktcsdefü oefvsifNrKdUawmifydkif;wGif ydk;a&mcsnfazmufwdkifvsuf? vGef;uav;rsm;udk b,fnmul;um
aw;oHuav;MuL;um &ufuef;,ufaeaom touf 16ESpfcefY½Sd oli,frysKdwOD;udkvnf; jrifawGUEdkifav\/
xdktcdkufrSmyif &ufuef;,ufaeaom rdef;rysKd½Sd&modkY touf 17ESpfcefY rdef;rysKd[k xif&aom oli,frwOD;ESifY
tapcHEiS w Yf al om touf 20cefY rde;f rysKw d OD;wdYk vma&mufMuav\/ &ufuef;,ufaeom oli,frvnf; vGe;f rsm;udk
vufcwfab;wGifwifcJYum NyKH;csKdaomrsufESmjzifY ...
]] tdk EG,Ef , G w
f yYkd gvm; ...vmMuyg vmMuyg ...}}[k qD;BuKzd w d af c:vsuf tdraf tmufxyf ok;H cef;ayguf
uRef;ckwifBuD;\ wckaomtpGef;wGif ae&mxdkifcif;csxm;av\/
]] ½SifjzL&JUykqdk;u rjywfao;bl;vm;? 'gjywf&if bmqufNyD; ,ufOD;rvJ ...}}
]] csnfacsmawG 0,fxm;wmawmY½Sdw,f? tJ'gudk zsifcsKyfzdkYvdkY ,uf&OD;r,f ...}}
]] EG,fEG,fvJ waeYurSjywfwJYykqdk;udk udkbkef;zdkY ykqdk;csKyfay;vdkufawmY udkbkef;[m odyfoabmuswmyJ?
½SifjzLeJY EG,fEG,fwdkYu erlemjyvdkufwm tawmf[efusaew,f? wcsKdU aMu;aiGjzKef;EdkifwJY ½SifarG;vSwdkY ½Siftkefbl;
wdkYawmif &ufuef;udkjyefNyD; *½kpdkufaeMu&NyD/ trSefvJ oabFmjynfu cgomawG? ydk;zvmawG[m tjrifaumif;?
tqifaumif;? aMu;xdkuftzdk;wefwmawmY rSefyg&JU? 'gayr,fY tJ'gawGudk ½SifjzLwdkYawmY rodao;bl;aygY? EG,fEG,f
wdaYk wmY cspo f ½l w dS tYJ wGuf &nf;pm;b0eJaY ewke;f udu k EG,Ef , G uf ,
kd w
f ikd f yd;k rnf;ykq;kd uav;rsm;? csn0f g yd;k eDazmuf
ykqdk;rsm; ,ufNyD;ay;vdkufwJYtcg? udkbkef;[m odyfNyD;oabmuswmyJ? [dk[mawGu abmf½Sd&if 0,fay;vdkuf½kHyJ?
bm cJ,Of;ovJ? udk,fwdkif ,ufay;&wmu tvGef apwemxufoefrS jzpfwmuvm;? toufESifYzvS,fNyD; cspfwJY
olrsm;[m tvGefav;pm;w,f ½SifjzL&JU ...}}[k pum;avavQmufajymqdkae&m? ½SifjzLrSm tcspf\t&omudk
em;rvnfao;&um; vnfwdkifuav;armYvsuf cyfNyKH;NyKH; em;axmifaeav\/
½SifjzLESifY ½Sifeef;EG,fwdkYum; i,fpOfuyif pdwfwloabmwl cspfcifvmMuaom oli,fcsif;rsm;jzpf\/
½Sief ef;EG,f 13ESpt f ½G,u f armifbek ;f jrifEY iS cYf spBf uKu
d af om owif;qd;k udMk um;&ojzifY cyf½UHG ½GUH jzpfomG ;zl;&m? aemufwzef
ta&vnfí ½Sief ef;EG,\ f wnfMunfjrifjY rwfaom pdwEf v S ;Hk aMumifY jyefvnfcifrifcjYJ cif;jzpfav\/ cgom? uwåyD g?
ouúvyfwu Ykd kd trsK;d orD;rsm;a½SmifMuOfzYkd aqmif½u G af &;wGi?f pdww f ul ,kd wf l aqmif½u G af eMuojzifv Y nf; wdik yf ifazmf
wdkifyifzufjzpfum? a½S;uxufxdk;í wrsKd;cspfcif&if;ESD;um aeMujcif;vnf;jzpfav\/
]] EG,fEG,f? uRefr &zl;wJY &wkwyk'fudk qdkjyr,f? em;axmifrvm; ...}}
]] tdk ...udkbkef;u &wk uAsm vuFmawG[m wdkif;a&;jynfa&; tcufBuKHwJYtcg rqdkaumif;bl;wJY }}
]] em;axmifprf;ygOD;? EG,Ef , G f oabmESpcf sKu d v f rd rYf ,f? &ufuef;taMumif;pyfxm;wm ...}}[k avwufí
]] Muifolay;onf? csnfao;ydk;,Suf ...}}[k rqkH;cif EG,fEG,fu NyKH;vsuf ...
]] [if ...wjcm;&wkqrkd vm; atmufarYaew,f ...}}[k ajym&if;? 4if;ud, k w f ikd rf mS ½Sijf zL\ om,maom
toHESifYqdkonfudk Mum;vdkao;ojzifY ...
]] ½SifjzL tvGwf&aerifYudk; ...}}[k ajymjyefav\/
]] 'Dtv,fy'kd u f av;awmY oabmusveG ;f vdYk EG,Ef , G f ayzl;vTmjywke;f u ul;Ny;D xm;vdu k w f myg? udb k ek ;f [m
&wkawG bmawG rBuKu d af yr,f?Y ola&;xm;wmuav;awGu rsupf ed YJ uGuu f u G u f iG ;f uGi;f jrifvmwmyJaemf ...}}
[k tysKdwOD;u rdrdcifyGef;onftm; csD;rGrf;onfudk EG,fEG,fonf txl;auseyfvsuf ...
]] bmrsm; oabmusaewmvJ jzLjzL&JU ...}}
½SifjzLonf toHaetoHxm; qGJqGJiifiifESifY ...
]] Muifolay;onf? csnfao;ydk;,Suf? wdkifazmufvsufom;? qef;uGuf0geD? axmifYwef;nDí? ae&DpGef;pGef;?
a*g,muRef;odkY? ,Gef;rnfqJqJ? wdrfrsufxJ0,f? ay:uJxdefxdef? tBudrfBudrfwnfh? vdar®mfta&mif? acgif&rf;tyGifY?
yrmcsiaYf omf? wjziYEf iS ;f Ed;k ? wlc½YJ ;kd wGi?f 0ufo;kd tyfp?D vufa½G;oDc?YJ cspn f iD ,fuRr;f ? vuf&mpGr;f vd?k cg;0rf;uspv f pf?
qD;ywf&pfvnf;? wpfwpfjrJjrJ? udkifrqGJ0HY? pdwf&Jrmefvdkuf? atmufydk;ESKdufvnf;? rusKduf&uf&uf? onftcufyif?
ydkufzufaxG;,l? arT;MuLMuLjzifY? MuifoljrwfEdk;? þykqdk;um;? ½G,fudk;odwfodwf? wHwif;ydwfvnf;? pdwfrcsonf?
wm½Snfqifvnf;? tjrifnpfaus;? wufrnfawG;cJY? a½TaoG;ESr? zl;pmrQí? b0Muifol? qifwrl[k? iif,l&ufuef;?
wyifyef;onf? pdwfrSef; csifY&JayGawmYNyD ...}}
]] Munfph rf;yg EG,Ef , G &f ,f ...udb k ek ;f a&;xm;wmuav;u? naecif; wdraf wmifwrd v f yd f rsuEf mS jyifrmS
vdar®mfa&mif acgif&rf;tyGifYvdk [yfaewmeJY? EG,fEG,f,ufay;wJY ykqdk;ta&mifeJY wljyefowJY/ NyD;awmY EG,fEG,f
udk,fwdkif 0ufodk;xdk;csKyfay;xm;wmudk? cg;rSmvJ wif;wif;usyfusyf r0wf0HYbl;wJY? atmufydk;vJ rusKduf&ufbl;wJY?
ykq;kd aMurGuek rf mS pd;k vdaYk ygYaemf? wHwif;xnfh ydwx f m;zdv Yk J pdwrf csb;l wJ?Y ykq;kd uav;udak wmY cspo f v l uf&mrdYk ayGUzuf
erf;½SKyrf ad o;owJ?Y jzLjzLawmif onf&wkuzkd wfNy;D wrsK;d jzpfrad o;w,f? EG,Ef , G f zwfwt YJ cgrsm; b,fEY , S af ervJ}}
[k cyfwnfwnf NyKH;íajymqdkav&m ...
]] tdk ...'Dtydk'fxuf tpydk'fu omNyD;aumif;ao;w,f? jrifolai;onf a½TaoG;ewfoGif ...qdkwJY
tydk'faygY ...}}[k pum;rqufbJaeav&m ...
]] uRefru tv,fydk'fom ul;rdwmudk;? tJ'D ayzl;vTmudk ay;ygOD;? okH;ydk'fpvkH; ul;yg&apaemf EG,fEG,f }}[k
awmif;av&m? ½Sifeef;EG,fuav;um; cspfol\&wkudk Mum;&ojzifY? c&D;xGufoGm;aom cifyGef;onftm; ydkrdkí
vGrf;qGwfum cPrQ awGa0rd½Smav\/
]] 'gxuf EG,fEG,f&JU? udkbkef;u c&D;tvGefxGuf&yguvm;? bmawGrsm; vdkufvkyfae&ovJ ...}}
]] rajymwwfygbl; ½SifjzL&,f? avSoif;udpöawG? NyD;awmY arSmf0ef;e,fbufu t&yfawGrSm ½SifjzLwdkYvdk
vlux Hk tH rsK;d orD;awGukd babFmjynfuukerf ok;H bJ &ufuef;pifawG yd*k ½kpu kd zf Ykd a[majymaew,f xifyg&JU? wk;d wd;k
wdwfwdwf vkyfae&wmyJ ...}}
]] udkbkef;[m t½G,feJYrvdkufbl;? odyfawmfwmyJaemf ...tbuqdk&if odyfNyD;csD;rGrf;wmyJ? 'Duav;[m
txG#t f jrwfa&mufO;D rSmwJ?Y ezl;us,Nf y;D em;½Guu f m;Bu;D eJY ajymvdu k wf YJ pum;oHuvJ toHvNHk y;D tvGeaf tmifw,f?
trSwfwrJYrsm;ajymvdkuf&if vefYvefYoGm;wJY toHrsKd;[m rkcs OuúXjzpf&r,fY toHyJwJY ...}}
]] EG,fEG,fwdkY bbbk&m;vJ 'DvdkyJ csD;rGrf;wmyJ? 'gayr,fYav EG,fEG,fYtay:awmY odyfNyD;MuifemwmyJ }}
[k cifyGef;onftm; csD;rGrf;onfudk auseyfpGm axmufcHvdkufav\/
 ]] tbrSmvJ oltajymaumif;wmeJY waeYu abmf 5ydóm xkwfay;vdkufw,f? armifbkef; tokH;vdk&m
okH;ygwJY? NyD;awmY 'djyif aMu;a&wwfawGqDuvJ wwfEdkifoavmuf 2ydóm 3ydómpD ay;MuowJY? 'gawG[m
avSawG? jrif;awG 0,fzdkYaqmifxm;wJY aiGawGqdkudk; ...}}
]] [kww f ,f ½Sijf zL? tdrrf mS vnf; olyikd yf pön;f eJY bbbk&m;ydik w f yYJ pön;f awG w0ufausmu f ek Nf y?D 'gYaMumifv Y J
auseyfcspfcifaeMuwmaygY ...}}
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]] vkHruav; wdwfwdwf ...ridkygeJYuG,f? tazeJYawGUNyDyJ[m? tdrfay:rSm taz xrf;ydk;eJY ½dkufxm;cJY
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aigufueJ acgif;axmifíEdk;vmum? ]]vluav;a&mufyvm;? rajymeJYawmYuG,f ...uHqdk;csifawmY wkwfpHwdkYtdrf
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[k Budrf;0g;aeav\/
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[k ESpfOD;om; vsifjrefpGm xGufcGmoGm;Muav\/
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]] oli,fcsif;oabmtwdkif; vlpkNyD;vdkufcsif&if vdkufwmaygY? naepmpm;NyD; xGuf&atmif pDrHacsr,f }}
[k oli,fcsif;ESpfa,muf xGufíoGm;Muav\/ nae arSmifpysKd;aomtcsdefüum; oefvsif0efrif;tdrfa½SUwGif
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tm;&ESi?Yf ]]armifbek ;f a& ...EG,Ef , G af &mufNy}D }[k atmfvu kd af v\/ armifbek ;f jrifv Y nf; tdraf y:ü jyifqifae&mu
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vli,frsm;rSmvnf; odvdkaZmjzifY tdrfaygufu wpfqdkYae&m? armifbkef;jrifYu ]]tm;vkH;udk aus;Zl;wifygw,f? ½SmzdkY
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aoG;aomuf}}[k vufESpfzufudkzrf;um qD;BuKdESKwfquf zuf,rf;íxm;Muav\/
]] usKyw f Ykd uHq;kd w,f aoG;aomuf&,f ...&mZ0iftqufquf rMum;zl;wJY ukvm;jzLawGvufatmufukd
a&mufaeMu&w,f ...}}[k pwifajymqdkav&m? ]]rylygeJY aoG;aomuf ...'D rdpäm'd|dawG&JU&efudk rMumrD
at;csr;f atmif pDrv H u
kd yf gr,f? ud, k t
Yf rsK;d xJu avmufxu G w
f aYJ umifawGaMumifo Y m cufaewmyg ...}}[k ajympOf?
tjyifrS vloMH um;ojzifY armifbek ;f jrifo Y nf uAsmu,mxGuMf unfah v\/ vli,fwa,mufonf armifbek ;f jrift Y m;
wD;wdk;ajymqdkNyD;aemuf qif;íoGm;ojzifY tcef;xJodkY0ifvmum ...
]] wa,mufawmY udpöacsmNyD? tazaemufu uyfvdkufvmwJY rif;vkvifwa,muf taz 0if;aygufem;
a&mufawmY aoewfeJYcsdefaeowJY? olYaoewfarmif;rjzKwfcif udpöwkH; pD&ifvdkufMuowJY? rpD&if rjzpfawmYbl; }}
]] "m;eJY pD&ifovm; ...}}
]] [kwfw,f ...}}
]] 'DtdrfeJYreD;&if udpör½Sdbl;? azsmufzsufzdkYaum ...}}
]] tavmif;udk jrpfxJoGm;csw,f? aoewfwvufvJ &vdkufw,f? tazom 'Dtdrfay:rSm vlr&dyfrdatmif
owdeJYaezdkYyJ ...}}
]] tdrfay:a&muf&if waxmifeJYwa,muf raMumufygbl;uG,f ...}}[k ajymaepOf? ½Sifeef;EG,fvnf;
xrif;yGJjyifum Nidrf;omtm; ,lapvsuf? ]]udkif; taz ...qmvSa&mYr,f? okH;aqmifygOD; ...}}[k ajymqdkojzifY?
vuf0JpnfolrSm xrif;rawGU&onfrSm MumvSNyDjzpfojzifY Nrdef½SufpGm pm;aomufumaeav\/
 vuf0pJ nfol xrif; pm;aomuftNy;D wGif t0aejynfawmftaMumif;? vufatmufcEH ikd if rH sm;taMumif;udk
a½S;a[mif;aESmif;jzpf Zmwfcif;NyD;Muonfhaemuf? ½Sifeef;EG,fESifY 0efuawmfBuD;wdkYtm; tdyfcef;odkY0ifa&mufMu&ef
ajymqdv k u dk af v\/ ok;H OD;om;rSmrlum; pum;qufíajymqdu k m wdik yf ifaeMuav\/ vuf0pJ nfou l m; ukvm;jzL\
uRefjzpf&csufEdkifonfudk rauseyfEdkifbJ ...
]] r[kwfygbl; aoG;aomuf&JU? aoG;aomufu wa,mufvkH; NrKdU0efjzpfNyD; 'Dukvm;u abmufrJYaMumifY
cs,fvS,fEdkif&ovJ? aoG;aomuf tajcGt&HawGu b,fa&mufukefovJ }}
]] bkef;awmfBuD;bk&m;u ukvm;,kHNyD; ppfom;vufeuf tyfcJYNyDaum? usKyfrSm trnfcH½kHavmuf
0efjzpfae&wm b,fEY , S w
Yf wfEikd v f rd rYf vJ? 'gayr,fY wwftm;orQ ½k;H awG? rif;vkvifXmeawG? olvQKv d v k ifawGxrJ mS
vl,aHk wG trsm;Bu;D xnfo h iG ;f xm;ygw,f? 'gavmufyJ wwfEikd w f ,f? usKyf twGi;f a&;u cs,v f , S rf mS pd;k vdYk 0ef&mxl;
jyKwfcJYygyaum ...}}
]] awmuf ...½dik ;f vdu k af vAsm? qifjzL½Sif rif;w&m;vufxufu usKyw f tYkd azrsm;u xdyyf w k ?f acgif;½du k ?f
ajceJYuef EdkifcsifovdkEdkifcJYwJY ylwauvlrsKd;u bk&ifjzpfae&owJY ...}}
]] rkwårpm; tultnDeJYqdkawmY rwwfEdkifMubl; ...}}
]] udkif; 'gawG rpOf;pm;MuygeJYav? a½SUudk b,fYES,f BuHpnfMur,fvdkY pDpOfxm;MuovJ ...}}
]] wvdik ;f ? jrefrm? u&ifawGukd waoG;xJ wpdwx f jJ zpfatmif BuK;d pm;ae&wmyJ? armifbek ;f uvnf; vli,f
avSoif;? jrif;yGJ? vlajy;NyKdifyGJawGeJY BuKd;pm;vmwm tawmfc&D;a&mufaeygNyD ...}}
]] avSyGJuawmY vli,fawGtwGuf taumif;qkH;enf;vrf;yJ? t0aejynfawmfrSmvJ rMumcP usif;yae
&w,f? avSavSmfw,fqdkwm omrefMunfh&if avSNyKdifyGJvdkY xifMurSmyJ? r[kwfbl; vluav; ...rif; oabmudk
pOf;pm;rd&JUvm; ...}}
]] rSefyg pOf;pm;rdygw,f? tqkH;rSm vufarmif;om;rsm; wif;rmvmNyD; vuf[m wm½Snftanmif;cHEdkifzdkYyJ?
'grS ta&;½SdvdkY aoewf "m;vSHudkifwJYtcg vuftm;oefNyD; jrJpGJvmvdrfYr,f ...}}
]] tJ'g t"dutcsufyJ? tazuawmY ppfyGJaygif;rsm;cJYvdkY "m;vSHudkMunfh&if? vlb,fESa,mufudkckwfNyD;&if
'D"m;vSw H ;Hk &r,fqw kd modw,f? vlwa,muf[m wqufxJ vltpdwaf oatmif "m;eJcY w k Ef ikd &f if tm* vlprG ;f aumif;yJ?
vufacsmif;eJY vufarmif;[m Mum&if "m;awmifrqkyEf ikd af tmif vufyef;uswwfwmyJ? 'DawmY tavYtusirYf ½Sw d YJ
vl½dkif;qdk&if vl 2a,muf 3a,mufxufydkNyD; rckwfowfEdkifbl; ...}}
]] [kwfuJY uRefawmfvJ 'gudkawG;rdNyD; aiGaMu;pdkufxkwf BuKd;pm;xm;&wmyJ ...}}
]] b,fvdk vljynfhpkHayr,fY vufeufu vdkao;w,f? vufeufr½Sd&if tvum;yJ ...}}
]] t0eJY jynfNrKdUrsm;u vufeuftcsKdU oGif;,lNyD;ygNyD ...}}
]] a[ [kwfvm;? tazawmif rodyguvm;uG,f? taz tawmfpkHprf;aewmyJ vkH;vkH;rod&ygbl; ...}}
]] tvGef apYapYpyfpyf BuHpnf&ygw,f? 'gayr,fY aoewf 300avmufeJY tajrmuf 5vuf&vdkY? wcsKdUvJ
yef;yJawGeJY vkyfaeqJyJ taz&JU? ylwauwdkY oabFmjynfu vufeufu aumif;vdkY? tJ'DvufeufrsKd; aoewf
5vufcdk;,lNyD; erlemMunfhvkyfae&w,f ...}}
]] vufeufu odyfenf;ao;wmudk;uGJU? olwdkYu vufeufrsm;rsm;eJY ykefuefEdkifrSjzpfr,f ...}}
]] aemufawmY rsm;Ny;D vmrSmygyJ? vufeufvyk &f mrSmawmif a[m'Dbb oGi;f ay;xm;wJY t&m½Srd sK;d cspaf wGu
aoewf 20? rsKd;cspfolvQKdawGu vkyfaoewf 2vufeJY vlwa,mufzrf;? rsKd;cspft&m½Sd½kH;u axmif 3-4v cs? 'Dvdk
axmufaxmufnSmnSm pD&ifMuvdkY txajrmufaewmuvm; ...}}
xdktcg 0efrif;onf NyKH;vsuf ...
]] usKyfudk ylwaubk&if aMumufwm[m 'gaMumifYaygYAsm? 'if;wdkYqDrSm twGif;vl½SdawmY bmrqdkod&?
vkyfjyefvJ axmufaxmufnSmnSmvkyfqdkawmY tvGef[efuswmuvm; ...}}
]] 'Dvdk BuKd;pm;nDnGwfMurSvJ jzpfr,f? t0aejynfawmfcsnf; tm;udk;vdkYvJ rjzpfao;bl; ...}}
]] t0aejynfawmfu vmwdu k v f dYk ukvm;&efat;oGm;w,fq&kd if? uRejf zpfc&H wJY usKyw f uYkd vJ tvGef ½Supf &m
aumif;r,f? &mZ0ifvJ tvGef½dkif;a&mYr,f ...}}
 armifbkef;jrifYum; EdkifiHa&;wdkifyif&mu rdcifBuD;\tajctaeudk pOf;pm;rdojzifY ...
]] taz&,f ...ckvdk BuKHwJYtcg tarYqD 0ifygOD;awmYvm; ...}}
]] taz owd&w,f? udpöawGrNyD;cif rawGUcsifbl;uG,f? oHa,mZOfaESmifY,SufrSm pdk;&drf&w,f ...}}
]] udpöawGraqmif½Gufcif cPawGUygOD;vm;? tckoGm;&atmifav? uRefawmfvkdufydkYcJYr,f ...}}
]] aeygapvluav;? rif; b,ft&mrsKd;rqdk owd0D&d,eJYvkyfyg? aemifvJ rjywfvyfqdkovdk tazeJY
awGUqkaH o;wmaygY? udik ;f aoG;aomuf oGm;vdu k Of ;D r,f? aoG;aomufawmY vlBu;D rdYk bmrSajymp&mrvdb
k ;l aemf ...}}
[k ae&mrSxum xGufcGmrnfjyK&m? oefvsif0efrif;vnf; rwfwwf&yf ayGUzufESKwfqufNyD;vQif? om;tzESpfOD;
tdrfatmufodkY qif;oGm;Muav\/ wHcg;aygufwGif om;tzESpfa,muf zuf,rf;ESKwfqufMujyefum? cPrQ
tMumwGif vuf0Jpnfolonf arSmifxJwGif aysmufuG,favownf;/

tcef; ( 9 )

wvdik ;f ? jrefrmwduYk m; bk&ifrif;acgifEiS Yf &mZm"d&mZf vufxufwiG f tBu;D tus,f &efojl zpfMuaomfvnf;?

ukvm;jzL ylwauvlrsKd;rsm; tkyfpdk;jcif;udkcH&aomtcg? rsKd;cspfrsm;\ wdkufwGef;vSKHUaqmfcsuft&? Ak'¨bmom
wdkif;&if;om;tcsif;csif; jzpfonfhtwdkif;? pdwf0rf;nDnGwfvsuf wOD;udkwOD; txl;cspfcifMuav\/ txl;ojzifY
EdkifiHa&;ESifY wdwfwdwfykef;aqmif½Gufolrsm;udk aiGtm;vltm;jzifY udk,fzd&ifzd ulnDaxmufyHYíaeMuav\/
rnfrQaooyfpGm vQKdU0SufjyKrlaqmif½GufMuaomfvnf;? ylwauvlrsKd;rsm;rSm yg;eyfí y&d,m,frsm;aom
vlrsKd;jzpfonfhtwdkif;? 4if;wdkY\vufatmufcH wvdkif;jrefrmwdkYonf 4if;wdkYtm; rauseyfbJ pdwf"mwfwrsKd;jzpfykH?
twGi;f Buw d f BupH nfMuykw H u Ykd kd od½NdS y;D jzpfavonf/ od&Yk mwGif rnforYkd nfyBHk uí
H ? rnfuoYJ pYkd rD o
H nfuu
kd m; wwftyf
rod&ojzifY? olvQKdrsm;udk tcsKdUtvkyfjzKwfvsuf Ncdrf;ajcmufaxmufvSrf;apav\/ olvQKdrsm;wGif armifbkef;jrifY\
vl,kHrsm;vnf;½SdojzifY ]],kefawmifajy; acG;ajrmufvdkuf}}[louJYodkY? ylwaubk&if\vl,kHrsm; vdkufvHpkHprf;rnfh
taMumif;udk armifbkef;jrifY\vli,frsm; odESifYNyD;jzpfav\/
armifbek ;f jrifu
Y m; 4if;ud, k w
f ikd rf mS bmrQrBupH nfouJo
Y ?Ykd ,cktcgwGif 4if;tdrüf £a`E&´ & aexdik v f suyf if
½Sdav\/ odkY&mwGif pDrHcefYcGJa&;[lorQrSm armifbkef;jrifYqDrS wzef oifYawmf,kHMunf&aom vli,fwdkYudk apvTwf
ay;ydpYk jrjJ zpfav\/ oefvsi0f efrif;oGi;f íxm;aom t&m½Syd ikd ;f ? rif;vkvifXme olvQKt d zGUJ rsm;uvnf; ta&;½Sv d Qif
oefvsi0f efrif;xHoYkd wdww f w d yf ek ;f taMumif;Mum;avY½adS v\/ wnoüum; armifbek ;f jrifo Y nf oefvsi0f efrif;ESiYf
wdkifyifíaeMucdkuf? pmcRefwckudk vl,kHvli,fwOD; ay;vmojzifY zwf½SKMunfh&m ...

]] owdjyKyg ...b,ausmfolonf wdkif;jynf\ tBuD;qkH;&efoljzpfygonf/ olonf wdkif;&if;om; wvdkif;

jrefrmwdkYtm; cspf[efaqmifum ylwauvlrsKd;tkyfpdk;jcif;udk rauseyfykH? vlpkvla0;ESifY ckcHwdkufcdkuf&ef aoG;aqmif
aeygonf/ ylwauvlrsKd;rsm;tm; tu,f rkef;wD;aeMuaom wvdkif;jrefrmwdkY em;a,mifaeMuygonf/ tu,fí
b,ausmo f \
l ajymqdck sutf wdik ;f rauseyfaMumif; axmufcaH jymqdyk gu? xdvk rl sm; 'kua© &mufMuygvdrrYf nf/ olonf
ylwauvlrsK;d wdYk Edik if uH s,0f ef;vmvQif jynfb&k ifc&H mxl;ay;rnf[k em;csxm;aom ylwaubk&ifc\ H y&d,m,fukd
,kHMunfaeojzifY? trsKd;om; b,fol epfemjcif;jzpfjzpf &uf&ufpufpuf jyKvkyfrnfholjzpfonf/ oludk,fwdkifrSm
A&if*sb D momudk ,k, H MHk unfMunf ud;k uG,Nf y;D jzpfonf/ odaYk omf Ak'b
¨ mombke;f Bu;D rsm;udv
k nf; olMY oZmudu k af tmif
½Scd ;kd aygif;oif;aeonf/ rMumrDvnf; avSoif;rsm;ESit Yf vm;ol ol\MoZmcH yde;f aumavStoif; zGUJ pnf;ygvdrrYf nf/
ol\toif;rS vli,frsm;onf wdik ;f jynfcspaf om avSoif;vli,frsm;ESiYf &efojl zpfMuvdrrYf nf/ þuJo Y aYkd om &efoul kd
vpfvsL½SKu wdkif;jynf ydkrdkepfemvdrfYrnf/ tuRefwdkYvlpkvnf; txl;wvnf owdESifYaeMu&ygonf }}

pmzwfNyD;vQif oefvsif0efrif;u av;aq;pGm pOf;pm;aomtrlt&mjzifY ]]tdrf; ...bbvl,kHawGujzifY

tawmf[efusaeNyD? 'gayr,fY b,ausmfoludk pDrH&if vluav;vufcsufvdkY &dyfrdaervm;uG,f ...}}
]] b,ausmo f ul ,
kd wf ikd u
f EG,Ef ,
G ef yYJ wfoufNy;D olt
Y jzpftysuf trSet
f uefukd b,forYl Qrajymao;bl;?
oludk,fwdkif bmrStppfrcHEdkif½kH pDrHxm;wmaygY ...}}
 ]] Munfo h mpDrMH uuG,f ...rdpmä 'd|ad wGvyk v f Ykd i&JrBu;D ygbl;? apwemom rrSm;MuapeJ?Y udik ;f udik ;f vluav;
tdyfacsOD;? tdyfysuf&if tm;enf;NyD; OmPfxdkif;rSKdif;wwfw,f }}[k ajymojzifY? armifbkef;jrifYvnf; 4if;\tdyfcef;odkY
xcJaY v\/ ½Sief ef;EG,u f av;um; qDr;D wdik w f iG f &mZ0ifaypmrsm;udk zwfvsuaf eav&m? uJvm;yGio Yf nfukd jrifojzifY
aypmudkcscJYí tay:odkYvmcJYNyD;vQif? armifbkef;jrifY\vufwzufudkqGJ,lum anmifapmif;wGif twl,SOfwGJum
xdkifMuav\/
]] EG,fEG,f rtdyfao;bJudk ...npmMunfhwm rsufpdrSKefwwfw,fuGJU ...}}
]] bk&ifrif;acgifeJY &mZm"d&mZftaMumif;yg? rif;&JausmfpGm[m i,fi,fuav;eJY odyfNyD;owådaumif;wmeJY
qufNyD;zwfaewmyJ ...}}
]] udkbkef;wdkYvJ olYvdk ppfwdkuf&&if &mZ0ifausmfrSmaygY EG,fEG,f&JU? ckaecgrsm; udkbkef; ppfwdkufNyD; aoqkH;
oGm;&if EG,fEG,f 0rf;rombl;vm; ...}}
]] tdk ...udkbkef; b,fYES,fajymwmvJ? udk,fYcifyGef;wa,mufvkH; aoqkH;wm b,fYES,f0rf;om&rSmvJ }}
]] 'Dvukd UJG ...pdwx f m;xufoefwrYJ ed ;f uav;qdw k m? ud, k cYf spo
f [ l m wdik ;f a&;jynfa&;eJyY wfouf&if touf
taocHaqmif½GufoGm;av? usef&pfwJYZeD;rSm *kPf½SdavyJ? onfawmY *kPf½SdNyD; usef&pfwJYZeD;u 0rf;renf;&bl;?
olrsmtm;usatmif 0rf;ajrmuf&w,f ...}}
]] udkbkef;wdkY wdkif;jynfta&; b,fvdkvkyfw,fqdkwm odygw,f? EG,fEG,fvJ oabmwlygw,f? EdkYayr,fY
tcspfqkH;wa,muf toufaysmufwmudkawmY 0rf;romEdkifbl; ...}}
xdktcg armifbkef;jrifYonf awGa0pOf;pm;ae&mu EG,fEG,fajymorQonf pdwf&if;twdkif;jzpf&um;? rdrd
ar;jref;rdonfudkyif vGefíoGm;avNyDvm;[k awG;awmrdjyefav\/ odkY&mwGif wdkif;jynfta&;t&mESifY ESKdif;pmvQif
r,m;cspfrSK vifcspfrSKonf wtdk;wtdrf wudk,faumif;twGufrQjzpf&m? BuD;av;aom0efESifY aqmif½Gufrnfh
a,mufsm;aumif; rde;f raumif;rSeo f rQ ta&;½Su d xdck spcf ifpv JG rf;rSKukd y,fzsu&f rnfjzpfonft h wdik ;f ar;jref;rdjcif;
jzpfav\/ rdrdwdkYrSm tpueOD;uyif wa,mufESifYwa,muf arwåmrul;puf&vQif? toufaoawmYrnf trSef
jzpfum taMumif;ygcJYjcif;jzpfav&m? &[EÅmr[kwfaom vlom;wdkYü cspfolqkH;onfudk vkH;vkH;BuD; 0rf;renf;bJ
tb,frSmaeEdkif½Smrnfenf;[k pOf;pm;ai;armaepOf? EG,fEG,fonf armifbkef;jrifY\ ar;apYudk ol\ aysmYaysmif;
oG,fvsaom vufacsmif;uav;rsm;jzifY udkifrusDp,fum cyfNyKH;NyKH;Munfh&if; ...
]] bmawGawG;aewmwk;H ...udb k ek ;f bmyJvyk v f yk f EG,Ef ,
G rf uefu Y u G yf gbl;? EdaYk yr,fY cspof wl a,mufv;Hk
aouGJuGJ&rSmudkawmY b,fenf;eJYrS rylaqG;bJraeEdkifbl;om ajymwmyg? EG,fEG,fY&JU oHa,mZOfaMumifY udkbkef;&JU
tBut H pnfavQm&Y r,fqw kd mawmY rcHcsiyf gbl;? udik ;f ygav EG,Ef , G w f Ykd pdwnf pfp&mawG rajymMuygpdeYk aYJ emf? BucH sirf S
xBuH? vkyfcsifrS xvkyfwmaygY? bmrS rBuHrvkyfcif pdwfudkrnSOf;qJygeJY ...}}[k ,k,k,, ajymqdkíaeav\/
b,ausmfolum; wdkif;&if;om rGef? jrefrm vlrsKd;wdkY\ tBuD;rm;qkH;&efol jzpfaeonfudk rsKd;cspfpdwf½Sdaom
vlBuD;vli,fwdkif; od½SdMuav\/ odkY&mwGif 4if;rSm aMu;aiGokH;pGJEdkifjcif;? tajymtqdk tnmtzsef;aumif;jcif;
wdkYaMumifY? tlaMumifaMumif rGef? jrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;tcsKdUESifY vli,ftcsKdUwdkYrSm em;a,mifvsuf½SdMuav\/ 4if;rSm
ylwaubmomudk aumif;pGmwwfuRr;f av&m? ylwaubmomoifaom tdr?f ausmif;rsm;wGif 4if;cs,v f ,
S cf siw
f ikd ;f
cHíaeMu&av\/ aemufqkH;wGif 4if;\tBuD;qkH;&nf½G,fcsufum; tvGefpdwftm;xufoefaom vli,fwpkwdkYudk
4if;\tmPmatmufodkY qGJoGif;í? rGef? jrefrm wdkif;&if;om;tcsif;csif; ppfcif;wdkufcdkufzdkYom ½SdawmYav&m?
armifbkef;jrifY\vli,frsm;onf onf;rcHEdkifatmifjzpfí aeMuav\/
wnoüum; b,ausmfolonf oefvsifNrKdUawmifydkif; ½SifjzL\tdrfodkY tvnftywfa&muf½Sdav\/
olMuG,f OD;wkwfpHum; rsKd;cspfpdwf½Sdí vli,fwdkYtm; aiGaMu; ajrmufjrm;pGmaxmufyHYaeoljzpfav&m? b,ausmfol
uJYodkY rsKd;zsufwOD;udk tb,frSmvQif vufcHvdktHYenf;/ odkY&mwGif wefcdk;tmPmvuf½SdolwOD;tay:ü ½dkif;pdkif;pGm
jyK&efroifYojzifY tvdkuftxdkuf vufcHajymqdkíae&av\/
½SifjzLum; ½Sifeef;EG,fESifY r½dk;r,drf; vSyacsmarGUoljzpf&m? aocsmapYiSpGm Munfh½SKwwfolrsm;omvQif
½Sief ef;EG,u f ½ky&f nftenf;i,fomaMumif; od½EdS ikd af v\/ od&Yk mwGif 16ESpo f mom 17ESpt f wGi;f 0ifcgp tysK&d nf
00BuD; jynfhwif;pdkjynfolav;jzpfjyefojzifY? b,ausmfol vma&mufjcif;\taMumif;udk txl;azmfjy&efvdkrnf
r[kwfacs/
 ]] b,fEY ,S f olMu, G rf if;&JUorD;uav;u &ufuef;udk tvGe0f goemygqdyk gvm;? trsK;d orD;av;rsm;ud, k wf ikd f
&ufuef;,ufEikd w f ,fqw kd m tvGeo f ifaY vsmw f myJ? oabFmjynfu ypön;f awGu qdyu f rf;cGeef b
YJ meJq
Y akd wmY tvGef
aMu;ay;&wmuvm; ...}}
]] &ufuef;0goemawmY ygwmtrSefyJ? EdkYayr,fY oabFmjynfu ukefudk rokH;EdkifwJYoabm&,fvdkYawmY
r[kwfygbl;? rdef;uav;rsm; wwfxdkufw,fvdkY,lqNyD; cdkif;ap&wmygyJ ...}}
]] [m olMu, G rf if;uvJ uREykf w f Ykd rGe?f jrefrmawG[m rsK;d csppf w d f xm;rSaygYAsm? vuf&ufuef;eJY toufarG;wJY
vlrsm;udk tm;ay;wJYoabmeJY vkyfygrSaygY ...}}
OD;wkwfpHvnf; pum;qufrajymacs/ ½SifjzLum; ydk;rsm;udk csm;jzifY&pfíaeav\/ csm;\vnfywfaom
toHonf tjyifbuf{nfhcef;odkY ay:xGufcJYav\/ b,ausmfolum; ESpfBudrf okH;Budrf? &if;oGif;½kHrQ vma&muf
vnfywfjcif;jzpfav&m? vkvifysKrd sm;½SK;H avmufatmif cgouúvyf zJxnfwjYkd zifY vTr;f NcKjH yKjyifxm;aom OD;wkwpf o H nf
twGif;Budwf ½GH½Smvsuf? ylwauvlrsKd; raumif;aMumif;ajymaompum;udk cyfrqdwf em;axmifumaeav\/
pum;azmifzUJG atmif ajymMuNy;D vQif b,ausmo f o
l nf ESKwq f ufíjyefcaYJ v\/ tdraf tmufwiG f apmifpY m;
aeaom rif;vkvif uRef,kH;okH;OD;vnf; aoewfudk,fpDESifY 4if;wdkY\ocifaemufrS xyfMuyfruGm vdkufygMuav\/
vrf;rwavQmuf 15tdrfrQavmuf avQmufrdMuaomtcg? 'dkif; 'dkif; 'dkif; [k jyif;xefaom aoewfoH 3-4csuf
Mum;&NyD;aemuf oefvsifwNrKdUvkH; qlnHoGm;av\/ armif;oHrsm;? wkH;acgufoHrsm;? acG;a[mifoHrsm;vnf; tquf
rjywfMum;&vsuf? vltaygif;wdkYrSm [dkajy;onfvTm;jzpfíaeMuav\/ rif;vkviftzGJUrsm;rSm 10a,mufwwGJ?
15a,mufwwGJ? aoewfudk,fpDxrf;um aoewfoHMum;&modkY tajy;vmMuav\/ tcsKdUrodao;olwdkYrSmvnf;
NrKdUay:wGif "m;jywdkufNyD[k 0if;wHcg;? tdrfwHcg;rsm;udk vsifjrefpGmydwfqdkYMuav\/
vlpvk al 0;Bu;D um; rD;½SL;wdik rf sm;jzifY a,muf,ufcwfajy;vTm;aeMu&m? rif;vkvifrsm;vnf; vlprk sm;tMum;rS
ajy;vTm;aeMu&if;? vrf;rBu;D wGif vJaeMuaomolrsm;½S&d modYk a&mufMuav\/ 4if;\aemufyg rif;vkvifo;Hk a,muf
teuf ESpfa,mufrSmaoqkH;í? wa,mufomvQif owd&wcsuf r&wcsufjzpfíaeav\/ rif;vkvifrsm;vnf;
tavmifrsm;udk xrf;,lo,fydk;oGm;Mu&m? rsKd;cspfpdwf½SdolwdkYrSm wdwfwdwfykef; 0rf;ajrmufíaeMuav\/
tjcm;vkvifrsm;ESiYf t&m½Srd sm;? olvQKt d csKUd wdo
Yk nfvnf; oefvsiNf rKUd ü rouFmaomtdrrf sm;udk wufa&muf
½SmazGMuvsuf rouFmaomvli,frsm;udk zrf;qD;íoGm;Muav\/ b,ausmfoltavmif;um; 4if;\aetdrfodkY
a&muf½Sdav&m? 0efuawmfrsm;rSm onf;xefpGmidkaMuG;aeMuav\/
olvQKwd OD;um; ylwaubk&if\ twGi;f trSKaqmifxo H Ykd b,ausmo f t
l avmif; cg;pnf;twGi;f rS&cJaY om
aypmwapmifudk vma&mufay;qufojzifY zwf½SK&m ...

]] jrefrmtrsKd;om;wdkY\ tBuD;qkH;&efoludk ,aeY igwdkYokwfoifí NyD;pD;acsNyD/ þrQ ,kwfrmqdk;0g;aom

rsKd;zsuftvdkawmf&dudk ajzmif;jzem;csí&rnfr[kwf? t0DpdodkY tvsiftjrefydkYvdkufjcif;om 4if;ESifY toifYawmfqkH;
cHpm;cGifYjzpfayonf/ igwdkYwdkif;&if;omrsm;tm; tusKd;w&m;ysufpD;atmif aqmif½Gufaom rnfonfhowå0grqdk
þenf;twdkif; tjypf'Pfay;&efrSm igwdkY0wå&m;yifjzpfonf/ toufudkESajrmaomolrsm;onf rdrdwdkYtjyKtrludk
owdxm;Muav/ }}

trSKaqmift&m½Sdonf olvQKdtm; ]]aumif;NyD? armifrif;oGm;awmY ...}}[k qdkojzifY olvQKdxGufcGmoGm;

av&m? aypmudk tNrD;jyefacgif;jyefvSnfh&if; usef&pfav\/
rd;k om;wdrw f u kd uf if;pifaom aumif;uifjyifwckv;Hk wGif pE´mvrif; tvSnrhf BuKo H jzif?Y vrif;Bu;D \ud,
k pf m;
Mu,fwm&m eu©wfrsm;onf wwftm;orQ ta&mifjyufum wvufvuf rSdwfwkHvif;wkH jzpfíaeav\/ ckepfpOf
Mu,fajymifum; tNr;D axmifvsuf oef;acgiftcsed u f kd azmfjyíaeav\/ xdn k apmapmcdu k wf iG f aoewfo?H NrKUd ysuf
rwwf qlno H ?H armif;tBu;D tao; wD;oH? wk;H acguforH sm;jzifY vSKy½f mS ;cJ\
Y / vltrsm; ajy;vTm;pk½;Hk um aemufq;Hk ü
udk,fYtdrfwGifukd,f wD;wdk;ajymqdkvsuf½Sdav\/ tzrf;tqD;cH&aomvli,ftcsKdU\ rdbaqGrsKd;wdkYrSmvnf;
awmfawmfESifYrtdyfEdkif? rdrdwdkYwlom; vGwfajrmuf&eftwGuf tBuHOmPfxkwfíaeMuav\/ aerif;onf jrif;rdk&f
wzufpeG ;f rS ZrÁL'DygodYk eD;onfxufe;D vmNy;D aemuf? Nird o
f ufaeaom urÇmavmu"mwfBu;D udk vSKy½f mS ;xMuaG pav\/
 vltaygif;wdkYum; nOfhOD;,Hu tjzpftysufukd xyfrH pNrKHUjyefí aeMujyefav\/ jrpHESifY &Jabmfum;
armifbkef;jrifY\tdrfodkY vma&mufí tzrf;cH&aom vli,frsm;taMumif;ESifYywfoufí wdkifyifaeMuav\/
]] EdkY oli,fcsif;wdkY&JU ...olwdkYrygbl; r[kwfvm;uGJU? olwdkYryg&if oufaoouúm,eJY xkacswmaygY? [dk
vkyfwJYtaumifawGawmY b,fYES,fpDrHovJ? b,fvdkvTwfovJ ...}}
]] nwGif;csif; avSeJYvTwfvdkufNyD; olwdkY[m olwdkY wGHaw;wufoGm;NyD; reufapmapmrS jyefvmwJY[efeJY
vmMuvdrfYr,f? aoewfawGvJ OD;wkwfNzKd;tdrfxJ wcsKdU? OD;wkwfpHtdrfxJ wcsKdU `rSKyfxm;wm ae&ma½TUrSyJxifw,f
oli,fcsif;&JU ...}}
]] a½TUwmaygYuG,f? tvdk bmoHygvdrfY ...em;axmifprf;a[Y ...}}[k okH;OD;om; NidrfoufpGm em;axmif
aeMuav\/

]] wdkif;oljynfom; vltrsm;wdkYav; ...aemif 'dkif; ...

oabFmjynfBu;D ESiwYf uG oefvsi?f 'v? '*ke?f ykord ?f ajrmif;jrpaom jrefrmEdik if aH wmfukd tpd;k &awmfrol nfh
ylwaubk&ifrif;jrwf trdeaYf wmf ...,aeYupí rnforl qdk ae0ifvQif rdrw d t
Ykd rd w
f iG f rD;rsm;rxGe;f Mu&/ vli,f
vlBuD; rnfolrqdk nOfhtcsdefwGif vrf;ravQmuf&? avQmufcJYvQif awGU&mrSm zrf;qD;tjypfay;awmfrlvdrfYrnf/
b,ftcsdefrqdk vl 5a,mufjynfhatmif vrf;avQmufjcif;? 0dkif;zGJUpum;ajymqdkjcif; r½Sdap&/ usL;vGefcJYvQif
BuD;av;aomtjypfudk pD&ifawmfrlvdrfYrnf ...aemif 'dkif; ...}}

xdktwGif; azmuf azmuf [laomtoH? tr,fav;As tr,fav;As rsufESmudkpGwfNyD;rSefwmyJ? b,fu

ypfwmygvdr?Yf [JY b,fu ujrif;rom;awGv?J eifwaYkd xmifcsr[JY [laom toHwrYkd mS armif;oHpnfoEH iS Yf a&maxG;í
ay:vmav\/ avmufvTJjzifY typfcH&í qJoHqdkoHrsm;udk Mum;od&aom oli,fcsif;okH;OD;wdkYonf tdrfay:rS
acgif;jyLí Munfh½SK&,farmMu&if;? jrpHu ]]acG;rom; wyg;uRef ygaemufawG? 'Dvdkaqmfwm aumif;w,f ...}}[k
ajymcdkuf? rif;vkviftcsKdUrSm armif;orm;rsm;tm; oGm;jrJoGm;apí 4if;wdkYudk,fwdkif avmufvTJorm;udk ½SmazG&pf
Muav\/
armif;orm;rsm;onf rsufESmwGif zl;a,mifaeonfudk vufjzifYoyf&if;? wac:avmufwGif wBudrf?
armif;aMumf [pfnHíae&m? armifbkef;jrifYonf ae&modkYjyefxdkif&if; ...
]] 'dkYtdrfem;w0dkufrSm 'Dvdkjzpfwm raumif;bl;uGJU? enf;enf;vJ pdwfudkcsKyfwD;MurSaygY ...}}
]] tdk 'gawmif rif;pum; em;axmifMuvdkY? vli,fawG tukefvkH;u cyf&rf;&rf;vkyfcsifaeMuwm ...}}
]] igvJodygw,f ...'Dukvm;jzLawG tkyfpdk;rjzpfatmif[m olwdkY&JUtkyfcsKyfa&;udk aESmifY,SufEdkiforQ
aESmifY,Sufay;? 'DtaumifawGudk tvpfowfNyD;ay;? 'Dvdk trsKd;rsKd;vkyfrSqdkwm pOf;pm;NyD;ygNyD? tcsdefenf;enf;
vkdao;vdkYyg ...}}
]] oli,fcsif;uom tcsdefvdkw,fxifae ...ta0;rSm b,fvdkjzpfr,fvdkY rajymEdkifao;bl; ...}}
xdktwGif; oefrmzswfvwfykH&aom vli,fwa,muf 0if;aygufrS armifbkef;jrifYudk ar;aeojzifY?
armifbkef;jrifYvnf; uAsmu,m vSrf;íMunfhum vuf,yfac:vdkufav\/
]] b,fYES,f udkausmufvkH; ...b,fwkef;u xGufcJYovJ? ykodrftajctae ajymjyprf;ygOD; ...}}
]] wjrefaeYu cwfavSeJY vmcJYMuw,f? olwdkY rouFmrSmpdk;vdkY qm;awGwifvm&w,f? ykodrfrSmawmY qlnH
aeNyD? avSoif;uvli,fawG qifYac:tydkYcdkif;vdkY? vli,fawGu rvkdufbl; vdkuf&JU jiif;qefaewmeJY vdkufoGm;MuvdkY
ajzmif;jzvTwfvdkuf&w,f? vrf;rSm avSESpfypfr,fvdkY Budrf;oGm;Muw,f ...}}
]] b,fYES,fjzpfukefMuwmvJ ...ajymprf;ygOD; ...}}
]] udb k ek ;f ajymjywJY 0g'twdik ;f vufuyk f w&m;a[mvdu k Mf uwm? vlBu;D vli,f oabmaygufNy;D ? aemufq;Hk
'DtaumifawG raeEdik af tmifvyk rf q S Nkd y;D udb
k ek ;f wdv
Yk mwke;f u vrf;rSmawGUwJY tkwwf u
kd 0f g0gBu;D jrifw,fr[kwv
f m;?
tJ'wD ukd uf yoDoal X;udk owfypfvu kd Mf uNy;D ? 'djyif ukvm; 15OD;avmufvJ owfypfNy;D a½TawGaiGawG vk,Ml uw,f?
4-5a,muf rif;vkvifawG zrf;rdNyD;? wcsKdUawmY vufvGwfxGufajy;Muw,f? yoDawGvJ Armjynf rae0HYbl;qdkNyD;
ukvm;jynfudk wcsKdUjyefukefMuNyD? a½TawGaiGawGawmY udkbkef; cJ,rf;0,fzdkY&mqdkNyD; vmtyfMuw,f ...}}
 xdktcg jrpHESifY &JabmfrSm xckefravmuf 0rf;ajrmufaomtrlt&mjzifY ...
]] om"k om"k ...udak usmufv;Hk ? bk&m;jzpfr,fY ykord o f m;awG? usKyw f Ykd oefvsiu f vJ raeYuyJ vl,w k rf m
wa,mufudk pD&ifNyD;ygNyD ...om"kom ac:ayawmY ...}}[k tm;yg;w& ajymqdkav\/
armifbkef;jrifYu £a`E´&&pOf;pm;vsuf av;eufaomtrlt&mjzifY ...
]] tJ'vD vkd yk wf mawmY ruefu Y u G yf gbl;? 'gayr,fY jrifawGUEdik w f YJ tdref ;D em;csi;f awGu pdwcf s&&JUvm; ...}}
]] pdwfcs&ygw,f ...½dkufESufppfwmawmif rodbl; rjrifbl;eJY bl;uG,faeMuwmyJ? rsufESmvdkrsufESm&
tppfcHr,fYolawGudkvJ owfypfr,fvdkY Budrf;xm;&w,f? usKyfwdkYykodrfrSmawmY ylwautpdk;&udk owif;ay;r,fYol
rxGufEdkifygbl; ...pdwfcsyg ...}}
]] 'D0g'awG[m ae&mwdkif; ysHUESHYawmYrSmyJ ...owdtvGefxm;Mu&vdrfYr,f ...}}
]] 'gxuf [du k pd tö wGuf ykord u f vl 5000 yg0ifygvdrrYf ,f? vd&k ifvJ aemufxyfpak qmif;zd&Yk m vlBu;D awGu
wm0efcHygw,f? aiGeJYqefrsm;vnf; vdkwJYtcgajymzdkY zdwfrefMuygw,f ...}}
]] tckawmY tm;tawmfjynfah ewmyJ ...'gayr,fY olwu Ykd kd Edik rf ,fvYkd rxifrw S o
f ifbY ;l ? 'DawmY olwb Ykd uf
nTwfaewJYolawGudk pdrfYNyD;aMumufatmif pDrH&OD;r,f? udkausmufvkH; uaeY jyefayawmY? rNidrf;oma& ...xrif;
jyifNyD; jrefjref,lcJYa[Y ...}}[k vSrf;íatmfvdkufavonf/
armifausmufvkH;um; touf 20ausmfuav;rQjzpfí? ykodrfe,fu vli,facgif;aqmifwOD; jzpfav\/
armifbkef;jrifYtdrfodkY te,fe,frS vli,facgif;aqmifrsm; ,ckuJYodkY trSwfwrJY vma&mufwdkifyifjcif;? wcgw&H
jrpH? &Jabmf? armifbek ;f jrifw Y Ykd wvSnphf o D mG ;a&mufjcif;jzifY tvkyv f yk af eMujcif;jzpfav\/ armifausmufv;Hk xGucf mG
oGm;aomtcg jrpHESifY &JabmfwdkYvnf; wD;wdk;wdkifyifí xGufcGmoGm;Muav\/
oefvsi?f ykord pf onfh ta&;Bu;D aomae&mrsm;ü ylwaubk&ifc\ H rif;vkvifrsm;? olvQKrd sm; ajccsi;f vdrí f
aeav\/ od&Yk mwGif armifbek ;f jrif\ Y a,mu©rESiYf armifbek ;f jrifw Y v Ykd il ,fyikd ;f rS oGi;f íxm;aomolrsm;vnf;½So d jzif?Y
ylwaubk&ifc\ H pDryH u Hk kd BuKw d ifo½d &dS um;? 4if;wdrYk mS ae&majymif;jcif;? BuKw d ifBupH nfjcif;wdu Yk kd jyKvyk Ef ikd Mf uav\/
armifbkef;jrifYum; 4if;\oli,fcsif; twGif;olvQKdwa,mufxHrSay;ydkYaom puúLpmudk jyefízwf½SKaeav\/

rmpwm tefaxmfeD eufjzefnaewGif ykord o

f x
Ykd u
G v
f rd rYf nf/ 4if;aemufu aoewfuikd f 5OD; rvSr;f rurf;u
vdkufvdrfYrnf/ ukvm;rnf;wyfwwyfESifY u&ifwyfwwyf ESpfwyfaygif; vl 2000udkvnf; vTwfvdrfYrnf/
tefaxmfeDrSm ppfwyfxGufNyD; wywfavmuftMumwGif txufygtwdkif;xGufrnf/ owdjyK ...

rmpwm tefaxmfeu D m; tmar;eD,ef; vlrsK;d jzpfí? ylwaubk&ifcH (iZifum)\ nmvuf½;Hk ozG,f tm;ud;k
&aom ppfAv kd rf sm;teuf wOD;tygt0ifjzpfavonf/ 4if;wdrYk mS vufeuftm;ud;k ESiYf wdik ;f &if;om;wdt Yk m; *½krpdu k ?f
yrmrxm;aecJ&Y m? armifbek ;f jrifo Y nf xdv k jl zLrsm;udjk zKw&f ef ol\wm0ef[k ,lrw S xf m;oljzpfonf/ armifbek ;f jrif\ Y
pdwfü tvGefrsm;jym;vSaom wdkif;&if;om;rsm;wGif vlOD;a& tenf;i,frQaom vljzLrsm;u vufeuftm;udk;NyD;
tkyfpdk;aeonfudk tvGefcHjyif;&um;? 'if;wdkYu vltenf;i,f - wdkYu trsm; EGm;awGom acgif;ikHYrnf ...igwdkY
rcHb;l ? pdwaf cgif;rmol jzpfonft h wdik ;f ? rmpwm tefaxmfeu D kd igwdAYk rmonf b,fov Yl ufatmufrS acgif;ikcYH aH eaom
vlrsKd;r[kwfaMumif; oufaojy&ef trsKd;rsKd; pOf;pm;íaeavonf/
aemufwaeY rGe;f ,dr;f omomtcsed üf oefvsirf pS pfwyftcsKUd ykord o f x
Ykd u
G cf mG oGm;Muonfukd vltrsm; 0dik ;f 0ef;
Munfh½SKMuavonf/ wdkif;oljynfom;wdkY apwemtavsmuf? ppf½SKH;ygap ...aoukefygap [laom wdk;wdk;Budwf
qkawmif;oHrsm;udkvnf; Mum;&avonf/ naecif;odkYa&mufaomtcg rsufESmjzLppfAdkvfwOD;onf oefrm
xGm;BuKid ;f aom jrif;Bu;D udpk ;D vsuf cyfjznf;jznf; jrpfqyd o f q Ykd if;av&m 4if;\aemufrS aoewfu, kd pf ED iS Yf rif;vkvif
5OD;wdkYvnf; vdkufygívmav\/ vrf;rBuD;um; tdrf0if;x&Hrsm;qufvsuf ESpfzufydwfjzpfae&m? wpkHwOD;onf
rsufESmjzLtm; owfjzwfvdku? &ifqdkifwdkufcdkufonfhenf;xuf tjcm;aumif;aomenf;vrf;r½Sdacs/xdktcdkuf
od;k udak qmif;vsuf ylwaut0wftpm;udk 0wfqifxm;onfh xGm;BuKid ;f aom rsuEf mS jzLwa,muf onfvnf; rmpwm
tefaxmfeDESifY &ifqdkifvmvsuf½Sd&m? tefaxmfeDrSm rnfolrnf0g[k odvdkojzifY *½kpdkufum Munfh½SKíaeav\/
 4if;wdvYk rl sK;d tcsi;f csi;f xifrw
S í f vnf; cyfaygYaygYaeav&m? 0g;ESp½f u kd cf eft
Y uGmwGif tqdyk g od;k aqmif;onf
4if;\ausmrS aoewfudk,lí tefaxmfeD\&if0odkY wnfhwnfhcsdefavonf/ xdktcgusrS tefaxmfeDvnf; &efol
jzpfreS ;f odawmYojzif?Y 4if;\aoewfux kd w k , f í
l vufrrS wef;rdcif 'dik ;f ueJ toHMum;&Ny;D aemuf jrif;ay:uusav\/
4if;\aemufygwdkYvnf; jrif;pD;odk;aqmif;Adkvftm; aoewfESifY NyKdifqdkifypfcwfMuav&m? odk;aqmif;AdkvfrSm ra½Smif
rwdrf; 4if;wdkYwl½lodkY jrif;udkpdkif;vsuf? teD;odkYa&mufvQif ajymifvufaom"m;½Snfudk 0ifYumckwfjyefojzifY tHYtm;
oifv Y su½f adS om rif;vkvifwYkd z½dzk &J ajy;vTm;Muav\/ xdt k wGi;f jrif;pD;Adv
k v f nf; a½SUodq Yk ufí jrif;udpk ikd ;f av&m?
uif;vSnfh jrif;pD;ppfom; 10OD;cefYESifY &ifqdkifawGUojzifY? aoewfESifYckcHypf&if; jrif;udk aemufjyefvSnfhcJY&av\/
tawmfpdkif;rdaomtcg tjcm;wzufrSvnf; jrif;pD; 20cefY tjyif;csDwufvmonfudk jrif&&m? 4if;rSm ESpfzufydwf
vrf;Mum;wGif rdíaeawmYojzifY? rdrdaoewfwvufjzifYom ckcHypfcwfae&av\/
ta0;rS w'dkif;'dkif;ypfcwfaeMuaom aoewfusnfqefwdkYrSm 4if;\ OD;acgif;ESifY eHab;rsm;rS jzwfoef;
ausmv f eG íf oGm;Muav\/ jrif;wyfom;wdv Yk nf; 4if;wdt Yk v,f½dS vlq;kd tm; ESpzf ufnyS f ypfcwfaeMu&mrS toD;oD;
aemufjyefwkefYvsuf xdk;ckwfMujyefojzifY Munfh½SKvdkuf&m t&yfom;vli,f 4-50cefYwdkYonf jrif;wyf aoewfudkif
wdkYtm; aemufuydwfqdkYum 0g;&if;wkwfESifY twif;0ifí ½dkufESufaeonfudk jrif&av\/ odkY&mwGif jrif;wyfom;
rsm;rSm aoewf "m;vSH vufeufaumif;rsm;ygojzifY vli,frsm; aemufqw k Mf u&av&m? jrif;pD;vlq;kd ½S&d modYk ESpzf uf
nSyfí tajy;pdkif;cYJMuav\/ jrif;pD;orm;vnf; [dkvSnfhonfajy;ESifY BuH&mr&ojzifY 0if;x&Hwckab;odkYuyfum
jrif;ay:rS rwfwwf&yfvsuf tdrf0if;wcktwGif;odkY 0ifajy;av\/ jrif;pD;wyfom;rsm;vnf; jrif;ay:rSqif;um
0if;x&Hudk csKd;zJY0ifa&mufaeMuav\/
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vJusrS tdrfwGif;odkY0ifEdkifMuav\/ xdktcdkuf atmufapmifYrsm;u ]]ajy;NyD ajy;NyD}}[k atmf[pfojzifY? vl 2usdyfcefY
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tdrfodkY ajy;Mujyefav\/
oefvsi0f efrif;tdraf y:odYk twif;wufa&mufum ]]bke;f jrifaY um bke;f jrif}Y }[k ar;Mu&m? aoQmifukd wapmif;
xk;H vsuf ykq;kd pudk b,fvufuqGí J xGuv f maom armifbek ;f jrift Y m; jrifawGU&&m? tm;vk;H tHt Y m;oifaY eMuav\/
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r[kw?f ,ckru l m; at;aq;aomtrlt&mjzifY nmvufu xrif;rsm;vl;ayvsuf ]]bmudpyö gvJcifAsm}}[k csKcd sKo d mom
ar;jref;EdkifaomaMumifYwnf;/ jrefrmrif;vkvif tBuD;tuJwOD;u ]]olr[kwfygbl; ...'Davmufjrefatmif ol
rajymif;Edik yf gbl;? oGm;½SmMuygpdYk ...}}[k ylwaubmomjzifY acgif;tBu;D tm; ajzmif;jzajymqk&d m ylwumt&m½Sv d nf;
rausrcsrf;ESifY qif;íoGm;av\/ oefvsifwNrKdUvkH;vnf; rmpwmtefaxmfeDtm; vlqdk;wa,muf aoewfjzifY
ypfoGm;aMumif;? jrpH? &JabmfwdkY tzrf;cH&aMumif;rsm;udk tkwftkwfusufusuf wcJeuf ajymqdkaeMuav\/
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tefaxmfeD tavmif;rS&onfqdkaompmudk zwf½SKa'gyGaeav\/
 ]] ylwauvlrl sK;d tm;vk;H odapvdo k nf/ igwdYk wvdik ;f jrefrm vlrsK;d rsm;onf rnfonfv h rl sK;d vufatmufwiG rf S
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tefaxmfeDuJYodkY toufudk tqkH;pD&ifrnf/ oifwdkYtoufudkESajrmu bk&ifcHESifYwuG ylwautm;vkH; oifwdkY
wdkif;jynfodkY ajy;Muap ...
olykefacgif;aqmifa&;ay;aompm }}

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hf ]]uREykf rf mS ppfonf vufeuf
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xm;&ygonf/ xdkpmrsm;rSm ysHUESHYcJYNyD;jzpfaMumif;yg ...}}
]] b,fvdkrsm; a&;qGJxm;ovJ armifrif; ...}}
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tcef; ( 10 )

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taqmuftODwckjzpfav\/ xdkaxmiftwGif;ü ukvm;rnf;ESifY wvdkif;jrefrmwdkY pyfíazmufaom axmifapmifY?
olowf? yg;uGufwdkY apmifYa½Smufí? 4if;wdkYtxufrS rsufESmjzL ylwauvlrsKd; tkyfxdef;íaeav\/ axmifwGif;ü
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tcwfcMH u&av\/ wae&mü jyif;xefpmG ½du k Ef u
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Ykd kd jrifEikd af v\/ tBu;D trSL;
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]] ajymvdu k yf g oli,f&,f? ud, k u
Yf ,
kd uf kd taorcHcsiyf geJ?Y vlq;kd rodoa½GU rif;wdn Yk OS ;f yef;cH&Ny;D aemufq;Hk
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 ]] usKyfwdkY rodvdkY rodbl;ajymwmyg? od&if ajymrSmaygYAsm ...}}[k jyefíajymavvQif? ]]a[Y 'DvdkeJYawmY
&r,fYtaumifawGr[kwfbl;? 0g;zdMuprf; ...}}[k qdkonfESifYwNyKdifeuf? axmifapmifYrsm;onf rmausmaom
0g;vk;H rsm;,lí 0g;vk;H ESpv f ;Hk \ wbuftpGe;f ü cdik jf rpJ mG BuK;d jzifcY snx f m;um ajcovk;H nKUd ousn;f udn k yS íf xm;Mu
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4if;wdkYyg;pyfESifYeD;aom t&m0w¬KwckudkawGUu rvTwfwrf;udkufcJrnfjzpfonf/
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rsufESmem;odkY jAKef;ueJ xGufjyLívmav\/ tvGefowådaumif;aom &JabmfyifvQif rsufvkH;jyL;xGufoGm;av\/
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vduk &f m? axmifapmifY 4a,mufwo Ykd nf tcd;k wvlvx
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rif;vkvifrsm;tm; rwm;ESifY? aeMuyap[k trdefYay;vdkufav\/
tcsKUd vlrsm;rSm jrpHEiS Yf &Jabmfwt Ykd m; aoewfEiS yYf pfowfap trdecYf srnf[k twGi;f a&;Mum;odNy;D jzpfojzif?Y
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twif;wufa&mufonft h wGuf wm;jrpfcck rH ad Mumif; tppfcMH uav\/ w&m;olBu;D um; twefMum pOf;pm;aeav\/
wzef wif;rmaomrsuEf mS jzifY w&m;cHEpS Of ;D tm;Munf½h KS aeav&m y&dowfrsm;rSm pd;k &drBf u;D pGmESiYf em;pGií Yf aeMuav\/
 ]] armifrif;wdkYonf ppfa&;udpöESifY aqmif½Gufolrsm;tm; ckcHonfrSm rjiif;uG,fEdkifMu? vlqdk;udk od&rnf
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pdwfudk ydkif;jzwfMuav\/
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xdt k wGi;f rdwaf qGjzpfaom awmifib l &k ifewf½iS af emifonf awmifiNl rKUd udk wdu k o
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 974ck 0gacgifvodkYa&mufaomtcg? rif;&JausmfpGmonf ewf½SifaemifxHodkY ukvm;iZifum wdkufvmrnfh
taMumif;ESifYwdkifyifav&m? rsm;pGmta&;rxm; r[kwfEdkifaMumif; ajymqdkojzifY? jrif;apausmf txifrSm;ívm;[k
jyefvnfawG;awmum cyfat;at;aerd½mS av\/ qif&efayguft&yfqrD S ajymif;oH? aoewfoMH um;í uif;axmuf
pkpH rf;aomtcg rkwrå pm; uke;f aMumif;? oefvsipf m; iZifum a&aMumif;csw D ufvmNy[ D k Mum;od&onfEiS w Yf NyKid ef uf?
vlopl ½k ;Hk avvQi?f awmifib l &k if ewf½iS af emif\ uRe, f rHk sm;rSm ulnaD zmfr& at;at;aeaomaMumif?Y rif;&Jausmpf mG rSm
rdrdEdkifeif;aom ppfonf&JrufwdkYtm; vsifjrefpGm pk½kH;wdkufcdkuf&av\/
rif;&JausmfpGmum; qifpD;vsuf awmifilNrKdUjyifu ckcHwdkufcdkufaeav&m? iZifum\ a&wyftiftm;
Bu;D vSojzifY NrKUd wGi;f odq Yk w k í f cH&jyefav\/ tajrmufoH aoewfow H uYkd m; rd;k BuK;d tBurd Bf urd yf pfouJoY Ykd wNcrd NYf crd Yf
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owif;qdk;rsm;udk Mum;od&aomtcg vli,frsm; txl;a'goxGufíaeMuav\/
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 waeYoüum; t0wfnpfrsm;udk 0wfqifxm;aom touf 40 ausmft½G,f 'g,dumwa,mufonf
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]] 'gaygY 'um&,f ...wu,fvJ pGrf;Edkifygw,f? 'g,dumwdkY t0a&ajrh½Sifudkvnf; igwdkYaqmif½GufykHudk
avQmufxm;ygbd ...}}[k rdefYqdkum cyfrqdwf aeawmfrlav\/
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oabmESiYf ckcrH nfBu&H m? q&mawmfu ]]rvkyef OYJ ;D ...vGwaf tmifajy; ...}}[k rdepYf Of? ppfom;tcsKUd ausmif;ay:odYk
wufa&mufvmojzifY 0kef;ueJ ckefqif;ajy;Muav\/
ukvm;ujym;wdkYum; oefvsifq&mawmfudk {uoDcRwf? vufjyefBuKd;rsm;jzifY twif;wkyfaESmifMuav\/
acgif;tBuD;vkyfolu ]]ausmif;atmufqGJcs ...ausmif;atmufqGJcs}}[k qdkojzifY ausmif;atmufqGJcsMuav\/
q&mawmftm; zrf;qD;ojzif?Y ido k u l idk atmfou l atmf jzpfíae&m? rMumrDyif oefvsiw f NrKUd vk;H ysUH ESo
YH mG ;í pdwaf cgif;
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rSmvnf; rdrdwdkYq&mawmftm; tjrifrawmf wkyfaESmifzrf;qD;ojzifY? oHCmtyg; 200cefY pnf;a0;vsuf twif;
wdkufcdkufvk,lrnf BuHpnfMujyef&m? tBuD;tuJ bkef;awmfBuD;rsm;u ukvm;\ aoewfajymif;OD;odkY toufudk
tyfESif;onfESifY wlrnfjzpfaMumif; wm;jrpfawmfrlMu\/
oefvsiq f &mawmfum; vltrsm; txl;MunfnKad om yk*K¾ v d jf zpfonft
h wGu?f vrf;wGif rsK;d csprf sm;? &[ef;ysKd
rsm;u vk,v l rd rYf nf[al om owif;aMumifY ppfwyfrsm;&Hvsuf zrf;,lomG ;&m? vrf;wavQmuf tdraf ygufapY xGujf yL
MunfMh u&m rsu&f nfjynfah omrsuEf mS jzifY ukvm;jzLawG ysupf ;D ygap? ab;oifyY gap[k raumif;qkukd awmif;Muuke\ f /
xdak eY aeYcsi;f yif ppfar;rnfjzpf&m t&yfom;rnforl Q vTw½f ;Hk teD;wGif raeapbJ? oefvsiq f &mawmftm; vTw½f ;Hk wGif
zifxdkifckHwckESifYxm;av\/ xdkYaemuf rsufESmjzLw&m;olBuD; csufcsif;a&muf½Sdvmum axmufvSrf;cJYoltm; yxr
ppfar;av\/
axmufvSrf;cJYolrSm tjcm;r[kwf? ewf½Sifaemif\ uRef,kHtrwf rif;xifvufsmjzpfojzifY? rif;vkvifESifY
olvQKdtcsKdUrSm BudwfíqJqdkMuav\/ rif;xifvufsmum; eHeufcif;u npfEGrf;aomt0wfjzifY tif;0olvQKd[ef
aqmifípkpH rf;&m? oefvsiq f &mawmf tjyeftvSef ajymykq H ykd Hk BupH nfyw
Hk yYkd g tppfcí
H aeav\/ ylwaut&m½Sv d nf;
rif;xifvufsmtm; OD;nGwft½dktaoay;vsuf xGufcGmapNyD;vQif? tjcm; ppfwyft&m½Sdrsm;udk ppfar;NyD;aemuf?
wcsuv f w
T f ½k;H Oya't&? wdik ;f jynfrNird 0f yfciftwGi;f oefvsiq f &mawmftm; axmifoiG ;f tusO;f csxm;&ef trdeYf
ay;vdkufav\/
q&mawmfum; 0gawmf 40ausm?f oufawmf 60ausmrf Qjzpf&m? jrefrmrif; vufxufawmfuwnf;u pmwwf
tausmftarmfrsm; tMunfndKcH&aom yk*¾KdvfjzpfcJYav&m? ,ckwrl rdpäm'd|dukvm;rsm;\ &mZ0wfom;tjzpf?
axmifwiG ;f ae&rnfukd rsm;pGm ,lBuK;H r&jzpfawmfr½l mS aomfvnf; w&m;jynfNh y;D yk*K¾ v d jf zpfojzif?Y oaAÁocFg& tedpmö ESiYf
ajzazsmfum tapmifYtMuyfwdkY ac:aqmif&modkY vdkufygawmfrl&½Smav\/
oefvsiq f &mawmftm; rnfopYkd &D ifí rnfonfah e&müxm;onfukd odvakd om 'um? 'umrwdrYk mS 2a,muf
wwG?J 3a,mufwwG?J wwGEJ iS w Yf wGJ tvSr;f cyfumG uGm apmifpY m;aeMu&m? oefvsiq f &mawmftm; tusO;f axmifoYkd
ydrYk nft
h csed üf vlrsm;udk ppfwyfEiS ½Yf iS ;f vif;xm;aomaMumifY rnforl Qrjrif&awmYacs/ ylwaubk&ifc\ H vufatmufü
trSKxrf;Muaom rGefjrefrmt&m½SdBuD;rsm;? rif;vkvifrsm;rSm q&mawmf\wynfhtcsKdU yg0ifojzifY? q&mawmf\
tjzpftysufudk awGUjrif&aomtcg? ylwauwdkYtm; txl;pdwfemíaeMuav\/
twGif;vlrsm;rSwqifY oefvsifq&mawmftm; axmifoGif;tusOf;xm;onf [laomowif;udk Mum;od&
av&m? vl 5a,mufxufydk rpka0;&[laom Oya'udk rnfolrQ*½krpdkufbJ? vl 2000 3000cefY naecif;wGif
pka0;vsuf axmifqDodkYajy;Muav\/ &[ef;tyg; 200-300 cefYwdkYrSmvnf; ]]q&mawmfudkrvTwf&if wdkYvnf;
taocHr,f}}[lí vdkufygvmMu&m? rif;vkvifrsm;rSm xdkvlpkudk tenf;enf; ajzmif;jzajymqdk cGJxkwfaomfvnf;
tcsnf;ESD;jzpfav\/ tusOf;axmifum; ppfom;tajrmuftjrm; 0dkif;&HapmifYMuyfaeojzifY? tajy;vmMuaom
vlpo k nf wefaY epOf? ppfwyfrsm;vnf; ypfcwfawmYrnf[k jyifqifaecdu k ?f oefvsi0f efa[mif;Bu;D onf jrif;wpD;ESiYf
tajy;vmvsuf ...]]tm;vkH; vlpkcGJjyefMu? 'g[m tusKd;rrsm;bl;? tcsnf;ESD; taorcHMueJY? ylwaubk&ifcHudk
igajymr,f ...}}[k ajzmif;jz ajymqdkojzifY? vlpkrsm;uGJíoGm;av\/ oefvsif0efrif;um; ylwaubk&ifcH\
tdrfawmfodkY jrif;ESifYpdkif;íajy;av\/ odkY&mwGif tdrfawmfrSm wHcg;rsm;ydwfvsuf 0ifcGifYr&awmYojzifY vufavQmY
jyefcJY&&m? apmifYpm;aeMuaomvlxktm; ]]uaeY tcsdefr½Sdbl;? eufjzefrS avQmufxm;awmif;,lrnf ...bmrQ
rylMueJY ...}}[k ajymqdk&av\/
oefvsifNrKdUolNrKdUom;wdkYum; tonf;udktyfESifYqGouJYodkY txl;emusifMuav\/ pdwfESvkH; xdckdufemusif
vSaomfvnf; ckcHwdkufcdkuf&ef vufeuftiftm;r½SdaMumif;udk pOf;pm;rdaomtcg? rdrdwdkY twwfEdkifqkH;jzpfonfh
ylwauvlrsKd; ysufpD;ygap? ab;awGUygap? &efolawGUygap ponfjzifY raumif;qkawmif;jcif;? qJqdkjcif;jzifY a'go
t[kefudk tenf;i,fauseyfatmif jyKrlMu&av\/ nwGif rD;rxGef;&? tul;toef; toGm;tvmr½Sd& [laom
Oya'aMumifYvnf; tdrfom;tcsif;csif;rSty? rdwfaqG tdrfeD;csif;wdkYESifY wdkifyifajymqdkjcif;r½Sd&? wtdrfESifY wtdrf
vSr;f atmfvsu?f q&mawmf 'kua© &muf½mS Ny?D jrpHEiS Yf &Jabmf ESyd pf ufovdk ESyd pf uf&if t½G,af wmfuBu;D NyrD Ykd jyefawmfrl
&monf[k ajymíaeMuav\/ armifbkef;jrifYum; a,mu©r oefvsif0efrif; eHeufwGif awmif;í&vQif&? r&vQif
ppfwyfxJrS vk,lrnf[k tBuHtrsKd;rsKd;xkwfvsuf wnvkH; tcsdefukefavonf/
eHeufrdk;aomufcsdefodkYa&mufcJYav\/ usD;iSufwdkYonf opfyifudkif;jrifYrsm;rS tawmifcwf toHay;vsuf
tpm½SmxGuMf uuke\ f / oefvsiNf rKUd um; nuvlaoí wnvk;H tm;&atmif idak Mu;G Ny;D aemuf? armyef;pGm tdyMf uvsuf
eHeufvif;vmaom romtdrfESifYwlav\/ rdk;vif;í rsufvkH;zGifYMuonfESifYwNyKdifeuf? oefvsifq&mawmf\
taMumif;udk ajymMujyefí tcsKdUrSm idkaMuG;Mujyefav\/ oefvsif0efrif;um; ylwaubk&ifcH\tdrfawmfodkY ta`cG
t&Hryg wudk,fwnf;xGufcGmoGm;um? ylwauudk,f&Hawmfrsm;xH cGifYawmif;í tdrfawmfodkY0ifcJYav\/
 ylwaubk&ifcv H nf; aemufrzDS ifxikd uf kd xdik &f efneT Mf um;vsuf avmuGwyf sLiSmESKwq
f ufNy;D udpu
ö akd r;av\/
]] oefvsifq&mawmfudk raeYu zrf;qD;oGm;ygw,f? 'Dvdkzrf;qD;wJYtwGuf wdkif;oljynfom;wdkY rcHr&yf
EdkifatmifjzpfaeMuygw,f ...}}
]] olykeftm;ay; jyKrlonfhtwGuf zrf;qD;jcif;jzpfvdkY ...wdkif;oljynfom;wdkY rausrcsrf;onfudk uREkfyf
em;rvnfyg ...}}
]] olyek t
f m;ay;onf qd&k mrSmvnf; wzufpum;om jzpfygvdrrYf nf? tu,fí rSeo f nfxm;apOD;? touf
60 ausmf q&mawmfrmS bmrQvyk Ef ikd rf nfr[kwyf g? waMumif;rSmvnf; vufeuftiftm;jynfph aHk om bk&ifcrH if;Bu;D
wdt Yk m; ykeuf efrnfq&kd mrSm jzpfajrmufEikd zf ,G t
f vkyf r[kwyf g? bk&ifcrH if;Bu;D wdu
Yk om oabmxm;Bu;D onfh taejzifY
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ylwaubk&ifcHum; oefvsifq&mawmfudk vTwfvdkaompdwfr½Sd? odkY&mwGif oefvsifq&mawmftwGuf
oefvsi0f efa[mif;tm; wm0ef,í l vTwv f Qi?f aemifwzef oefvsi0f efuykd g zrf;qD;tjypfay;Edik rf nf[k awG;awmrd
ojzifY ...
]] 0efrif;uJYodkY yk*¾KdvfBuD;wa,mufu ajymqdkawmif;yefonfudk uREfkyfem;raxmifvQif roifYawmfaybl;?
0efrif;onf q&mawmftm; aemiftcg vli,ftm;ay; ajymqdkjyKrljcif;r½Sdatmif wm0ef,lEdkifygYrvm; ...}}
]] ,lygYr,f ,lygYr,f ...}}[kk aemifcgvm aemifcgaps;? ,ck q&mawmf csufjcif;vGwfvQifNyD;a&m[k 0efcH
vdkuf&m? ylwaubk&ifcHvnf; ppfAdkvfwOD;tm; trdefYpma&;í oufawmfapmifYrsm;xH oefvsif0efrif;ESifYtwl
xnfhvdkufav\/

tcef; ( 11 )

oefvsif0efrif;um; ppfAdkvfESifYtwl ylwaubmomjzifY wvdkif;jrefrmwdkY\ pdwfaeoabmxm;udk

ajymqdv k suf axmifxo J 0Ykd ifa&mufomG ;&m? q&mawmftm; csKyaf ESmifxm;&m tcef;odaYk &mufvQif rsuv f ;Hk jyL;íoGm;
av\/ taMumif;rlum; oefvsifq&mawmfrSm 0g;uGyfyspfwif anmifapmif;ay:wGif pefYpefYBuD; ysHvGefawmfrlí
aeaomaMumifYwnf;/
oefvsi0f efrif;vnf; ]]tr,fav; q&mawmfb&k m; ...}}[k idak Mu;G um a'goxGuv f o S jzifY ...]]rif;wdYk
owfwm? owfwv YJ u
l kd odapr,f ...}}[k Burd ;f 0g;ae&m? axmift&m½Su d þuJo Y rYkd [kwaf Mumif;? q&mawmfonf
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0efrif;vnf; axmiftwGi;f ü MumMumraebJ q&mawmf\tavmif;ud&k vdak Mumif; ylwaubk&ifcx H oH Ykd wdik Nf y;D vQif
jyefvmcJYav\/
oefvsiw f NrKUd vk;H vnf; tcsed rf MumciftwGi;f ü oefvsiq f &mawmf ysv H eG af wmfral Mumif;udk Mum;odMuav&m?
urÇmysuo f uJoY Ykd qlyu G if akd Mu;G Muav\/ ylwaubk&ifcv H nf; tavmif;ay;zd-Yk ray;zdYk udpu ö kd twGi;f t&m½Srd sm;ESiYf
wdkifyifaeMu&m? tu,fí tavmif;udk ray;bJaeu wdkif;oljynfom;rsm; xdkYxuf rausrcsrf;jzpfrnf[k rsKd;cspf
jrefrmt&m½Sdrsm;u avQmufxm;MuaomaMumifY? ,aeY aeYcsif; oN*FKd[fzdkY 0efcHapNyD; ay;tyf&eftrdefYxkwfav\/
naecif;üum; oefvsifausmif;wdkuftwGif;ü avmifwdkuf jyom'fponfwdkYESifY crf;em;aom bkef;BuD;ysH
wckukd jrifMu&av\/ tcsed f jrefrm 3-5em&DtwGi;f þrQBu;D us,pf nfum;atmif jyKvyk af ejcif;jzifY vlxt k iftm;
rnfrQrsm;jym;í oefvsiq f &mawmftm; rnfrQ MunfnKMd uaMumif;udk odomEdik af v\/ om"kuVd e psmyeü oefvsif
q&mawmf ysHvGefawmfrl&aomtaMumif;udk y&dowfwdkYtm; a[majymvdkaom vli,fwdkYrSm pdwf½dk;wdk;½Gwjzpfvsuf
tHBuw d af eMu&m? aeyap ra[meJY rajymeJY avoHrxGuef [ YJ k ydwyf ifxm;Muojzif?Y tavmif;udk rsu&f nfjynfah om
rsufESmjzifY xrf;,lum rD;avmifwdkufwGif oGif;Muav\/ rD;avmifpOftwGif; ylwauvlrsKd;wdkYtm; rEdkifrcsif;
ykefuefrnf[lí t"d|mefjyKMuavownf;/
aerif;um; 'ku©rat; ylaqG;avmifuRrf;vsuf½SdMuaom? ukvm;jzLwdkY\uRefjzpfaeMuonfh wvdkif;jrefrm
u&iftrsK;d om;wdt Yk m; apmifpY m;Munf½h KS jcif;iSm rpGr;f Edik o
f nft h oGijf zif?Y eDviG af omta&mifrsm; jzmxGuu f m taemuf
a*g,muRef;odkY ,Gef;&efjyifqifaeav\/
 oefvsifq&mawmfBuD;\ psmyerS jyefvmMuaom vlxkvlodkufwdkYvnf; rausrcsrf; wD;wdk;ajymqdkvsuf
aeMu&m? armifbek ;f jrifo Y nf taMumif;&if;udk ydrk o kd ½d o
dS jl zpfav\/ oefvsiq f &mawmftm; axmifoif;rSL;wdo Yk nf
vnfrsKu d t kd pfvsuf owfjzwfNy;D rS? tvdt k avsmuf BuK;d qGcJ saoqk;H [ef pDro H nfukd axmifwiG ;f olvQKw d OD;xHrS od½dS
&aomaMumifYvnf; omí a'gyGum aerdMuav\/ rif;xifvufsmtm; rsufESmpdrf;jzpfaomfvnf; t0u olvQKd[k
tu,fyif ,krH w S íf twGi;f a&;wdu Yk kd owdvpfum ajymrdaomaMumif?Y toufuykd if pGev Yf w
T yf sv
H eG af wmfr&l ½Smaom
q&mawmftwGuf oefvsi0f efrif;ESiw Yf uG tdro
f m;tm;vk;H xrif;udrk Q ajzmifpY mG rpm;Edik Mf uawmYacs/ jrpHEiS Yf &Jabmf
wdkYvnf; armifbkef;jrifY csdef;qdkxm;onfhtwdkif; trSwfwrJY vma&mufcJYMuav\/ armifbkef;jrifYum; ai;arm
pOf;pm;ae&mrS ...
]] oli,fcsif;wdkY ...rif;wdkY owådudkawmY od&NyD? 'DwBudrfawmY toufudk pGefYMu&vdrfYr,f? tJonfawmY
usyfusyfBuD; pOf;pm;MuzdkYyJ ...}}
]] 'dkYESpfa,mufawmY rajymygeJYuGm? 'dkY 'Dtaexuf rxl;awmYygbl;? vlysKdudk,fawGrdkYvJ aemufqHwif;p&m
r½Sdygbl; ...}}
xdktcg armifbkef;jrifYu NyKH;vsuf ...
]] igYudk oHo,jzpfaeMuovm;? igvJ rif;wdkYeJY aumif;wlqdk;bufvkyfr,fvdkY b,favmuf aqmif½Guf
vmcJYw,fqdkwm todom;eJY ...}}
]] r[kwfbl; ...rif;yJajymw,fr[kwfvm;? igwdkYvkyf&r,fYtvkyf[m vufeuftiftm;csif; rrQawmY
b,fenf;eJrY S Edik v f rd rfY ,fr[kwb f ;l ? 'gayr,fY vlwrsK;d tkypf ;kd wmudk rcHvv kd Qif ½SK;H wmEdik w
f m rpOf;pm;bJ? wcsw D csrD mS
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'gaMumifY 'dkY[m aovlvdkY oabmxm;NyD; pGefYpm;&rSmrdkY? rif;wdkY 'Doabmudk av;av;eufeuf pOf;pm;zdkY
ajym&wmaygY...}}
]] pdefvdkufyguG,f? 'dkYrsm;twGufawmY bmrSrylygeJY ...}}
xdktcg &Jabmfu ...
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]] igodygw,f? armifbek ;f jrif&Y UJ tBuOH mPfowåu d kd ,lNy;D ? 'dYk 4-5a,mufxeJ YJ OD;pD;vkyu f ikd Mf uvdYk ylwumawG
uRr;f oEÅmvefatmif taESmift Y ,Suaf wGUaeMu&w,f r[kwv f m;? 'gayr,fY wcsKUd wdik ;f jynfcspw f v YJ al wG r½Srd [kwf
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xifw,f/ 'DawmY armifbkef;jrifY[m ,ckpdwfeJY vG,fvG,frajymygeJY? r,m;usawmY tawmfcufw,faemf? igYbBuD;
ajymzl;w,f? r,m;xd "m;Munfhqdkwmvdk? r,m;eJJYywfouf&if pGefYvTwfEdkifcJw,f? waMumif;rSmvJ armifbkef;jrifYwdkY
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]] tdrf; ...rif;tazu olY&JUatmifjrifcsufudk waeYaeY&r,fvdkY arQmfvifYaewm? rif;wdkYigwdkY vkyf&rSmu
olrsm;tkyfpdk;wmrBuKdufvdkY wrif taocHjy&rSm? 'Dvdk arQmfvifYcsufjcif; uGmjcm;aewmuG? udkif;uG,f ...'dkYudk
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rifYzmom wcgpOf;pm;ygOD; ...}}
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pdwfujzwfíMunfhav\/ EG,fEG,f\ tjyKtrl taetxdkifonf rkef;wD;zG,f&m wckrSrjrif? toufay;cspfcJYol
jzpfonft h wdik ;f ? ,k,Muifemí r,m;0wfrysuo f nfwu Ykd okd m ay:vmav\/ þuJo Y Ykd ZeD;jzpfot l m; rpGeyYf pf&uf
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 ]] tdkuG,f ...igu wzufowfcspfaewm? olu b,fvdkrSef;rod? &nf;pm;aomfrS r[kwfao;bJ
oli,fcsif;&m ...ar;zdkYrvdkygbl; ...}}
]] 'gxuf arSm0f ef;e,feYJ ykord ef ,fukd taMumif;Mum;Ny;D yvm;? awmfovif;upNy;D vky&f r,f? 'grS vkyaf yguf
udkifayguf vmbfjrifNyD; wGifus,fatmif aqmif½GufEdkifMur,f ...}}
]] tukef taMumif;Mum;xm;w,f ...awmfovif;vqef;upNy;D vkyu f ikd Mf uzdyYk ?J tcsed af pmayr,fY b,f
wwfEdkifrvJuG,f ...'DvdktcgupNyD; vkyfrSaygY? udkif; 'dkYjyefvdkufOD;r,f ...}}[k oli,fcsif;ESpfOD; ESKwfqufum
jyefoGm;Muav\/ oefvsif0efrif;onf armifbkef;jrifYwdkY wdkifyifaeMuonfudk *½krpdkufbJ bk&m;0wfjyKaeav&m?
NyD;cgeD;usrS pum;tpGeftzsm; Mum;odvdkuf&ojzifY armifbkef;jrifYtm; ac:íar;av\/
]] arSmf0ef;eJY ykodrfe,fuyg taMumif;Mum;wm bmvJ vluav;&JU ...}}
]] wjcm;r[kwfbl; ...tonfrsm;qDu tcGefawmif;wJY puúLrifpm trSwftom;awG? oabFmjynfu
vmwJY uket f aumuf trSwt f om;pm? Ny;D awmY aumuford ;f &if tcGeaf umufzYkd vkyu f ikd w f YJ pm&if;trSwt f om;awG?
w&m;pD&ifwq YJ u D tcif;rSwo f m;csuaf wG? tJ'gawGukd cd;k ,l? rD;½SKUd wef½KS Ud ? tvGwcf ;kd r&&if odr;f xm;wJY taqmuftOD
awGudk rD;½SKdUypfzdkY bb&JU ...}}
]] tdr;f ...tkycf sKyw f aYJ e&mrSm txdcu kd qf ;Hk aygYu, G f ...'gayr,fY aumuford ;f csed f tcGeaf umuf,q l rJ mS
vkyf&if omNyD;raumif;bl;vm; ...}}
]] 'DawmYvJ usefwJYolawGu vkyf&pfMuvdrfYraygY? uRefawmfwdkYu tcsdefr½SdawmYbl; ...}}
]] owdwrH OmPfajruwkw?f ynmpGe;f cRe;f uJo Y tYkd yk &f rwJ?Y igYom; tpp owdxm;yg? bb&JU todu k t f tkH
vlxak umif;vdYk rdavmufwt YJ csuu f kd ½Smaewm? t&rf;uma&mvky&f if vlawG onfx h ufMurf;rSm pd;k &dr&f vd?Yk bbeJY
om;udk BuKd;½SnfeJYvSefovdk tomapmifYaeMuwmuGJU ...}}
]] uRefawmf owdjyKygw,f ...bbbk&m;twGufom pdk;&drfwmyg ...}}
]] bbawmY toufvBJ u;D NyrD Ykd aoaysmyf gNyu D , G f ...tnGet Yf wuf tpGr;f tpeJY igYom;vdk vli,fawG[m
udk,fYtrsKd; udk,fYbk&ifeJY at;at;csrf;csrf;? olYvufatmufrSm wufvrf;½Sdoavmuf rBuD;yGm;&bJ? 'Drdpäm'd|dawG
vufatmufrSm avmif;&dyfrdNyD; ayguf&wJYopfyifi,fawG jzpfaeMu½Smwmudk pdwfESvkH; ,lBuKH;r&atmif
jzpfaewmyJ...}}[k tbkd;BuD;rSm ajym&if; &ifxJu qdkYívm½Smav\/
]] uRefawmfwdkY uHaygY bb&,f? aemifvmaemufom;awGom uRefawmfwdkYvdkrsKd; rawGUBuKHMuygapeJYvdkY
qkawmif;&awmYrSmyJ ...}}
]] tqdk;qkH;vlwrsKd; tkyfpdk;jcif;cH&wJY0efxkyf[m tvGefav;vHNyD; emvHxlEdkifzdkY tcJ,Of;om;uvm;? udkif;
udkif; ...igYom; tdyfacsawmY ...}}[k ajymqdkojzifY armifbkef;jrifYonf rdrd\tdyfcef;odkY ul;cJYav\/ uJvm;
tjyifbuf arSmifu, G rf S rnf;rnf;o@mefwckonf armifbek ;f jrift Y vmudk apmifpY m;ae[ef½adS v\/ armifbek ;f jrifrY mS
rdr0d if;NcH tdryf wfvnfwiG f tapmift Y a½Smuf aus;uRerf sm; csxm;onft h jyif? ud, k w f ikd vf nf; vSnv hf nfMunf½h KS Ny;D
jzpfaomaMumif?Y &efow l OD;wa,muf tdraf y:wGi½f rSd nfukd vk;H 0rawG;bJ? ZeD;onfuav; ½S&d modo Yk m cyfou G o f u
G f
oGm;av&m? uJvm;udk rvdkufonfESifYwNyKdifeuf EG,fEG,fuav;udk rawGU&awmYbJ? 4if;\aemufrS wpkHwOD;\
vufonf cg;udkxdrnftvkyf vsifjrefpGm vufjyefcwfí zrf;vdkufav\/
]] tv,fv,f ...emygw,f udkbkef; ...}}
armifbkef;jrifYonf vufudkvTwfvdkufNyD;vQif ...
]] tdk ...EG,fEG,fvm;? bmvdkY toHray;vJ ...}}
]] udb k ek ;f udk arSmif&yd u f apmifaY ewm? udb k ek ;f u bmawGawG;oGm;wmvJ ...jrifawmif rjrifb;l ? 'gaMumifY
aemufuvdkufvmwm ...}}[k cspfol\rsufESmudk cyfNyKH;NyKH;uav; Munfh½SKajymqdk&if anmifapmif;wGif ,SOfwGJ
xdkifrdMuav\/
]] EG,Ef , G f ...udb k ek ;f udk tm;Bu;D cspw f ,faemf ...}}[k pum;qufr½Sb d J ar;vdu k af om armifbek ;f jrif\ Y
toHonf EG,Ef , G uf av;tm; xdwv f efo Y mG ;apav\/ EG,Ef , G of nf armifbek ;f jrifY ar;aompum;onf t"dygÜ ,f
yg\/ b,fvt dk "dygÜ ,fEiS Yf ar;wmvJ[k awG;awmum csppf zG,af umif;aom rsuv f ;Hk av;jzifY Munf½h KS &if;? ]]udb k ek ;f }}
[k wcGef;omac:vdkufav\/
 armifbek ;f jrifu Y m; 4if;\twGi;f pdwu f qlyu G af eoavmuf? EG,Ef , G u
f av;tm; rajym&ufojzifY ]]EG,Ef , G f
udb k ek ;f udk tm;Bu;D cspw f ,faemf ...}}[k 4if;ud, k w
f ikd f edrw d jf yar;cGe;f ESiYf ar;rdjcif;jzpfav\/ EG,Ef , G uf m; 19ESp?f
armifbkef;jrifYum; 22ESpf? aygif;oif;í 4ESpfausmf 5ESpf&moD wdkifcJYavNyD/ ]]cspfw,faemf ...}}[k ar;zG,frvdk?
xdo k aYkd r;jcif;onf taMumif;wpkw H &mESiYf ywfouf&rnf[k EG,Ef , G f awG;rdaomaMumif?Y tajzray;bJ armifbek ;f jrifY
emrnfukd ac:rdjcif;jzpf&m? armifbek ;f jrifrY mS rdrad jymvdak om pum;rsm;udk rajymjyawmYb?J EG,Ef , G \
f vnfyif;av;udk
wif;usyfpGm ayGUzufí &ifcsif;yg;csif;tyfum? 4if;\ BuH½G,fcsufESifY qefYusifaom trlt&mwdkYudkjyKrdav\/
]] udkbkef; bmvdkY 'Dpum;udk ar;&wmvJ? oli,fjyefaewmvm; ...}}[k EG,fEG,fonf xyfrHíar;jyef&m??
EdkifiHta&;twGuf toufpGefY&ef &nf½G,fxm;aom vlpGrf;aumif;BuD;rSm ]]bmrS r[kwfygbl;uG,f ...EG,fEG,fu
cspfw,fvdkYajym&if em;axmifaumif;vdkYyg ...}}[k vSD;vTJajymqdkvdkufav\/
]] udk,fYcspfoludk rcspfyJaeygYrvm; ...cspfwmaygY? udkbkef; 0goemaMumifY e,fxGufoGm;wJYtcgrsm;qdk
vGr;f &ufaqG;&ufeYJ udb k ek ;f pdwt f aESmift Y ,Sujf zpfrmS pd;k vdo Yk m rajymrdwm ...pdwu f awmY tqif;&Jom;bJ ...}}
[k 0rf;xJ½o dS avmuf ajymqdak v\/ xkpd um;rsm;rSm EG,Ef , G \ f oabmtwdik ;f ajymonf[k armifbek ;f jrifY ,kMH unf
av\/ xdo k , Ykd MHk unfo h jzifY 2&uf 3&uf 5&ufrQ uGu J mG aeonfuykd if raewwf rxdik w f wf? vGr;f qGwaf e&pf½mS aom
ZeD;onfonf rdrd toufq;Hk aomtcgü tb,fuo YJ Ykd ae&½Smavrnfenf;/ rdro d nf olrsm;xuf pdw"f mwfaysmí Y
cspfZeD;tm; þrQ trQifwef;um aerdavoavm/ tcsKdUvlrsm;rSm ppfyGJodkY aornf ½Sifrnfrod vdkufyg0HYMuvsuf?
ZeD;onftwGuf aMumifMY urSKukd azsmufEikd o f avmuf azsmufcMYJ u\/ rdrrd mS ZeD;onftm; rpGe&Yf uf tb,faY MumifY
jzpf&oenf;/ trSet f m;jzifY armifbek ;f jrifo Y nf ppfyx JG u G o f ul o YJ Ykd xGu&f rnfjzpfu xGuEf ikd rf nfyifjzpfav\/ ppfyyJG rm
Mur®marTu toufyifaowwfaom pGepYf m;rsK;d jzifY aoewfajymif;Mum;xJu rdpmä 'd|w d t Ykd m; ajrjyifay:rS azsmufzsuf
cJYzl;\/ 4if;\pdwfwGif aumuf½dk;rD;½SKdU&oavmuf cufcJonf[krxif? ZeD;onfudkvnf; raMumifYMu/ ,ckrlum;
vufeuftiftm; rsm;jym;jynfph aHk om vlrsK;d jcm;udk rkcsqwfqwf touftaocHwu kd cf u kd &f rnf jzpfojzifY wxpfcs
r,m;pGefYí aorif;EdkifiHodkY vdkuf&rnf[laom awG;awmcsufaMumifY ykxkZOfwdkY obm0twdkif; usef&pfoltwGuf
aemufqHwif;jcif; jzpfrdav\/
EG,fEG,fuav;um; armifbkef;jrifY\ pdwful;tBuHtpnfudkrod? ukvm;jzLrsm;ESifY wdkufcdkuf&ef BuHpnf
Ny;D aemuf rif;rSKxrf;rvky&f ef? ukeo f nfobm0 a&mif;0,fazmufum;aexdik &f ef a½SUa&;udk warQmw f ac:awG;vsuf
pdwu f ;l &orQajymqd&k if; tdyaf ysmaf v\/ tcsed rf mS oef;acgif,b H ufoYkd eD;uyfvmNyjD zpfí? rif;vkvifwYkd nOft h csed f
uif;vSnMhf uaomtoH? acG;a[miforH sm;udo k m Mum;&av\/ qdwNf ird jf cif;onf pdwu f ;l olwt Ykd m; tawG;us,&f ef
axmufyHYonfhtvm; pOf;pm;cef;rqkH;Edkifatmif jzpfíaeav\/
EG,fEG,fum; touf½SLrSefrSefESifY ESpfNcKdufpGm tdyfaysmfaeav\/ 4if;\vufwzufrSm armifbkef;jrifY\
&ifbwfay:odw Yk ifvsu?f usev f ufwzufum; 4if;\ pdjk ynfjynfah zmif;vsu½f adS vaom &if0ay:wGif wifxm;av\/
armifbkef;jrifYonf cspfcifoludk tem;uxm;vsuf? tjypftemtqm rkef;xm;p&mr½SdbJ vufvGwfxGufcGm&ef
pOf;pm;aerdjcif;onf tusKd;r½SdaMumif;udk OmPfrjrifrdbJ? axGaxG&m&m pdwful;&if; 3A[dk&fcefYwGifrS tdyfaysmf
oGm;av\/
aemufwaeY eHeufwGifvnf; xdkta&;udkpOf;pm;jyefaomfvnf; tBuHr&ao;acs/ tjcm;pOf;pm;rdcsufum;
EG,fEG,fonf rdrdtm; rkef;xm;&efjzpfav\/ tu,fí EG,fEG,fonf 4if;tm; rkef;xm;u? rkef;xm;aeoltay:ü
iJYuGufp&mr½Sd? rdrdjyKcsif&mudk &uf&ufcGmí jyKEdkifrnfjzpfav\/ odkY&mwGif EG,fEG,fum; rkef;xm;&ef rqdkxm;bd?
rdrd pdwfem pdwfaxmifYjzpfay:&ef tjyKtrlrsKd; wuGufrQrjyKbJ? rdrdajymqdkorQudk q&mtm; cspfaMumuf½dkaoaom
wynfo h nf q&mYpum;udk woa0rwdr;f vdu k ef mouJo Y ?Ykd rnf;qdv k Qirf nf; jzLqdv
k Qijf zLumaeonfukd rke;f xm;atmif
tb,fodkY vkyfEdkifygrnfenf;/ tu,fí ½dkufESufqJqdk rw&m;ESdyfpufuvnf; enf;vrf;usrnfr[kwf/ xdkodkY
ESyd pf ufojzifv Y nf; EG,Ef , G rf mS rke;f rnft h pm;rsK;d r[kwo f nfukd awG;awmrdaomtcg rsm;pGm tBut H ukd íf aeav\/
Edik if tH a&;aMumifY r,m;udpk eG v Yf w T &f ef þrQtcsed Mf umatmif pOf;pm;rdaom rdr\ d pdwu f v kd nf; rauseyfbJ ai;arm
awGa0í aerd½Smav\/
tcsdefum; qGrf;cHjyefaomtcsdef jzpfav\/ EG,fEG,fonf rsufpdrsufESmraumif;bJ qGrf;cHvmMuaom
oHCmawmfwt Ykd m; ud, k w f ikd f qGr;f avmif;Ny;D vQi?f zcifEiS Yf armifbek ;f jrifY pm;&ef xrif;yGrJ sm;udk jyifqifumaeav\/
tcdkif;taprsm;½Sdaomfvnf; tdrfaxmifusuwnf;u rdcifESifY csufjyKwfwwfatmifoifvsuf? udk,fwdkif csufjyKwf
jyKpkcJYonfrSm waeYrQ 0wå&m;rysufcJYao;ay/ armifbkef;jrifYu csD;rGrf;ajymqdkonfudkyif tvGefauseyfaecJYonfh
twdik ;f ...]]udb k ek ;f vmav? xrif;pm;&atmif ...}}[k vma&mufac:iifr?S rdr\ d awG;awmcsuu f kd qdik ;f iHv
Y suf
vdkufygcJYav\/ EG,fEG,f csufjyKwfjyifqifxm;aom [if;vsmrsm;rSm ydkrdkíaumif;rGefonf[k rSwfxifrdav\/
xdkodkY xrif;pm;aecdkuf ]]EG,fEG,f}}[k ac:vdkufaom rdef;rysKdwOD;\toHudk Mum;&ojzifY? armifbkef;jrifY\
awG;awmcsufwGif OmPfyGifYívmav\/ EG,fEG,fvnf; ae&mrSxum ]]½SifjzLvm; ...vmav 'Dudk ...}}[k
4if;wdaYk eaomtcef;odYk ac:aqmifomG ;av\/ EG,Ef , G u f m; ½Sijf zLESiYf pum; aumif;pGm rajymtm;ao;? cifyeG ;f onf
xrif;pm;onfhab;rS a&cGuf? vufokwfy0g? uGrf;,m ponfwdkYudk apmifYíay;½Smao;\/ pm;aomufrSKudpöNyD;rS
tcef;wGif;odkY0ifum ½SifjzLESifYpum;ajymav&m? armifbkef;jrifYrSm {nfhcef;wGif xdkifíaeav\/
4if;wdu Yk m; txl;taxGr[kw?f ½Sijf zLonf 4if;wdt Yk rd t
f wGi;f `rKS yí
f xm;aom aoewfrsm;udk jrpHEiS Yf &JabmfwYkd
vlpk nOD;u xkwfoGm;onfhtjyif? 4if;\zcifxHrS abmfcGufwq,fudkvnf; ,líoGm;aomaMumifY vma&muf
ar;jref;jcif;jzpfav\/
]] t[kwfrodygbl; ½SifjzL&,f ...odayr,fYvnf; bmtaMumif;xl;vdrfYrvJ? 'gYaMumifY EG,fEG,fawmY
½dk;vdkYyJaeygNyD ...udkbkef;ajym&if odrSmyJvkdY at;at;aevdkufwmyJ ...}}
]] uRefrvJ odwefoavmuf odygw,f? ta&;BuD;ovm;vdkY ar;csifvdkYygyJ? uRefrwdkY rdef;rjzpf&wJYb0
tvGefatmufuswmyJ? a,mufsm;av;&if b,favmufaysmfvdkufrvJaemf? aovJtrsm; ½SifvJtrsm;eJY ...}}
armifbek ;f jrifo Y nf aemufq;Hk ½Sijf zLajymaompum;udk Mum;vdu k &f &m? rde;f uav;rsm;yif þpdwrf sK;d ½Syd gvsu?f
rdrod nf tb,faMumifY aemufqw H if;ae&ovJ? olx Y ukd ef oYJ uYl H usecf siof vdu k se&f pfyap[k pdwu f w
kd if;um 4if;\
b,fvuf0g;udk nmvufoD;ESifY xkrdav\/ ½SifjzLum; aemufujzpfysufcJYykHESifY oefvsifq&mawmf ysHvGefawmfrlykH?
&ufuef;vkyfief;BuD;yGm;ykHwdkYudk ajymqdkNyD;aemuf? jyefawmYrnf[k xGufcJY&m EG,fEG,fvnf; vdkufygvmcJYav\/
armifbek ;f jrifo Y nf ½Sijf zL\rsuEf mS uav;udk ½Te;f ½Te;f pm;pm;Munfv h suf ]]½Sijf zLa& jyefawmYrvm;uG,f ...}}
[k ESKwfquf&m? ½SifjzLuvnf; t"dyÜg,fygaom rsufvkH;jzifY wcsufrQ ½SufaMumuf[efESifYMunfhNyD;vQif ]][kwfuJY}}
[k jyefajymav\/ EG,fEG,fum; armifbkef;jrifYu ½Tef;½Tef;pm;pm;MunfhvdkufykH? ½SifjzLu jyefvSefMunfh½SKykHwdkYudk jrif&
aomfvnf;? rjrifouJo Y Ykd *½krxm;odonft h aejzif?Y ½Sijf zLtm; avSum;xdatmif vku d yf NYkd y;D vQif jyefívmcJaY v\/
4if;uyif ½SifjzLonf rdef;ryDoaMumif;? £a`E´&aMumif;? tvkyftudkifawmfaMumif;rsm;udk csD;rGrf;ajymqdkav&m
armifbkef;jrifYonf tHYtm;oifYíaeav\/
EG,fEG,fonf pum;qufí ...]]udkbkef; aemufwa,muf,lr,frsm;BuH&if ½SifjzLudk,laemf ...}}[k
rarQmfvifYaompum;udk ajymqdkjyef&m? EG,fEG,ftm; usDpm;vdkojzifY ...
]] EG,fEG,f auseyfw,faemf ...}}
]] bmrauseyfp&m½SdovJ ...wcsKdU 4-5a,mufawmif ,lao;wmyJ[m ...}}
]] t[kwfaemf ...}}
]] t[kwf ...}}[k EG,fEG,fu ajymavvQif ...
]] 'gjzifY EG,fEG,f ajymay; ...}}
]] tdk ...'DvdkawmY b,faumif;rvJ ...}}[k jyefajymav\/
]] tdrf; 'gjzifY udk,fYtpGrf;eJYudk,f vnfywf&wmaygY ...}}[k &,farmajymqdkMu&if; ESpfa,mufom;
tcef;wGif;odkY 0ifMuav\/ EG,fEG,fum; armifbkef;jrifY 0wf&ef zsifrsm;udk csKyfvkyfae&m? armifbkef;jrifYrSm nu
ttdyfysufojzifY wa&;rQtdyfíaeav\/
tdy&f muEd;k vQif tu,fyif ½Sijf zLwdt Yk rd o
f Ykd xGucf aYJ v\/ ½Sijf zLESiYf pum;tawmfMumatmif ajymqdNk y;D aom
tcg jyefcaYJ v\/ EG,Ef , G u f ar;aomtcgüvnf; ruG,rf axmuf ½Sijf zLwdt Yk rd u
f jyefcaYJ Mumif; ajymav\/ þenf;
twdkif; 2&ufceYf oGm;rdaomtcg? EG,fEG,fonf raeEdkifawmYbJ ...
]] udkbkef; b,fYES,fvJ ...}}[k ar;av\/
]] pOf;pm;OD;r,fwJYuG,f ...}}[k ajym&m? EG,fEG,fonf £a`E´rysufbJ ]]'gjzifY [efusaewmaygY ...}}[k
ajymqdkav\/
 aemufwaeYüvnf; armifbkef;jrifYonf ½SifjzLwdkYtdrfodkY xGufcGmoGm;av&m? tcsdef 2em&DcefYtMumwGif
EG,fEG,fvdkufíoGm;av\/ ½SifjzL\ 0if;NcHtwGif;0ifrdí okH;cef;aygufukwifBuD;udk umxm;onfh wzuftpGef;odkY
a&mufavvQif? xl;qef;aompum;udk Mum;&ojzifY &yfwefYum em;pdkufaeav\/
]] uRerf uawmY owå½d w dS v
YJ q l &kd if tvGeo f abmuswmygyJ? 'gayr,fY tckaecsprf &d if tBuaH wGysurf mS aygY?
udkbkef;&JU ...}}
]] aemufawmYaum ...}}
]] aemuftcgus&ifawmY rcJ,Of;bl;qdkygawmYav? qkvmbftjzpfeJYyJ vufcHygYr,f ...}}[k toHMum;
Ny;D vQif &,forH sm;udk wzefMum;&av\/ EG,Ef , G u f av;rSm rnfrQoabmxm;Bu;D onf[k qd&k apumrl? &ifuav;
zdkvsuf rwfwwfu rvJ&ef txl;owdxm;&av\/ xdkYaemuf qufvufem;raxmifvdkojzifY ½SifjzLwdkYrjrifcif
vsifjrefpGm jyefcJYav\/
armifbek ;f jrifv
Y nf; EG,Ef , G jf yefomG ;í wem&DcefMY umvQif jyefcaJY v&m? anmifapmif;ay:wGif acGacGuav;
ae½Smaom ZeD;onfudk awGU&av\/ tu,fí armifbkef;jrifY jyefvmcJYrSef; EG,fEG,fodvQif rsuf&nfpdkaeaom
trlt&mudk awGUjrif&rnfr[kwaf cs/ uspD ,fvo kd nfh oabmESiYf ajcoHrMum;atmif vmaomaMumifY awGUjrif&jcif;
jzpfav&m? armifbek ;f jrifrY mS rsm;pGm tHt Y m;oifí Y aerdav\/ 4if;onf ½Sijf zL\tdro f Ykd tvnfomG ;&mwGif EG,Ef ,
G f
vdu k v
f myk?H acsmif;ajrmif;em;axmifyw Hk uYkd kd odcaYJ v\/ od&Yk mwGif EG,Ef , G u
f ,
kd w
f ikd u
f oabmwlMunfjzLrnfh taersK;d
ajymaomaMumifY? EG,fEG,fMum;&aom pum;rsm;twdkif; ½SifjzLtm; ajymqdkrdjcif;jzpfav\/ EG,fEG,fonf
armifbkef;jrifY jyefa&mufvmrSef; odonfESifYwNyKdifeuf? rsuf&nfudk vsifjrefpGm ajcmufapvsuf? cyfNyKH;NyKH; Munfh½SK
aeav\/ od&Yk mwGif 0rf;wGi;f u tylonf txufow Ykd ufum rsuEf mS aoG;aMumrsm;udk jyKjyifojzif?Y jyKjyifí&aom
yg;pyf ESKwfcrf;av;rS ty? rsufESmtrlt&mrSm 0rf;enf;onfht&dyfta,mifudk ay:vGifapavawmY\/
armifbkef;jrifYvnf; EG,fEG,f\ ezl;jyifudk vufwifí ,k,pGm yGwfoyf&if; ...
]] b,fYES,f EG,fEG,f ...bmjzpfaewmvJ tvS&,f ...}}[k ar;&m? vdrfvnfírajymwwfaom
EG,fEG,fonf ]]0rf;enf;vdkYyg ...}}[k ajymvdkufav\/ wzef qufvufum ...
]] uRefr ...udkbkef; ½SifjzLudk BuKdufvdrfYr,fqdkwm r,kHbl;? wu,fpum;ajymaewmMum;&rS t[kwf
BuKdufaew,fvdkY od&w,f? NyD;awmY uRefrpdwfrSmvnf; ½SifjzLudk udkbkef; vdkcsifvdkY ,lw,fxm;ygOD;? auseyfpGm
cGifYjyKEdkifvdrfYr,fvdkY xifrdw,f? ckawmY 'Dvdkr[kwfbl; ...EG,fEG,f&JU pdwfudkvJ rauseyfawmYbl;? bmaMumifY
'Dvdk 0rf;enf;pdwfrsKd;ay:&ovJvdkY ...udk,fYudk,fudkvnf; txifwrsKd; jzpfoGm;rdw,f ...}}
]] 'gjzifY udkbkef;udk rkef;vdkufygvm;uG,f? EG,fEG,fYudk rcspfawmYbJ[m ...cspf&if ½SifjzLudk tvum;
pum;ajymaeygYrvm; ...}}
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wOD;eJY &nfiHwmjrif&&if pdwfqif;&JwmwckyJ ..taeusyfwmyg? tJovdk pdwfaysmufatmif rvkyfEdkifvdkYvnf;
0rf;enf;wmyg ...}}[k ajym&if; rsuf&nfrsm; ,dkqif;jyefav\/ armifbkef;jrifYum; EG,fEG,f\pdwfudk prf;vdkí
vSnfhpm;jcif;rQjzpf&m? EG,fEG,fonf 4if;tm; rkef;xm;vQif tBuHatmifjrifEdkifrnf[k arQmfvifYrdav\/ odkY&mwGif
EG,fEG,fu rrkef;Edkifonfhtcg ½SifjzLudk b,fvdkrS oabmrxm;aMumif;? EG,fEG,f acsmif;em;axmifrSef;odí txif
vGJatmif pum;ajymjcif;jzpfaMumif;? trSefrSm jrpHESifY ½SifjzL arwåmul;pufatmif qufoG,fwD;acgufMunfhjcif;
jzpfaMumif;wdkYudk ½Sif;jy&av\/ xdktcgusrS EG,fEG,frSm pdwfoufomonfh vu©PmESifY ]]udkbkef;udk b,fawmYrS
rrkef;Edkifygbl;? 'dxufru prf;oyfayr,fY pdwfrysufygbl; ...}}[k tm;yg;w& ajymqdkum tMunfqdkufí aeMu
avownf;/

tcef; ( 12 )

ukvm;jzL? ukvm;rnf;wdkYtm; owfjzwfrSKESifY rMumcP tcsif;jzpfyGm;aeaom oefvsifNrKdUonf tcsdef

14-5&uf Mumatmif owfjzwfrKS yaysmufvsuf qdwNf ird íf aecJaY v\/ vli,frsm;rSmvnf; £a`E&´ & aexdik v
f suf
½SdMuav\/ ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;? vloGm;vlvmrsm;vnf; a½S;uxuf om,mvsuf? ylwauvlrsKd;rsm;yif tHYtm;
oifYíaeMuav\/ 4if;wdkYESdyfuGyfojzifY vli,frsm; aMumuf½GHUaomaMumifY at;csrf;pGm vufavQmYaexdkifMuonf
[kvnf; xifrSwfMu[ef½Sdav\/
nOfhwnOfhüum; nOfhvSnfhuif;orm;wdkYonf rdrdwdkY0wå&m;twdkif; vSnfhvnfaeMu&m? ta&;BuD;aom
taqmuftODBu;D rsm;wGiv f nf; aoewfu, kd pf ED iS Yf 2a,mufwwG?J 3a,mufwwGJ ponfjzifY apmifMY uyfaeMuav\/
trSKtcif;? tcGefaiGpm&if; ponfwdkYudk pkaygif;odrf;qnf;xm;onfh ta&;tBuD;qkH; taqmuftODBuD;um;
tkww f ukd jf zifY aqmufvyk x f m;í ab;wGif ppfom;q,fO;D rQ tjraJ pmifí Y aeav\/ ppfom;rsm;rSmum; q,fO;D pvk;H
rtdyrf ae apmiYMf uonfr[kw?f * a,mufrmS tdyí f aeum 2a,mufom vrf;avQmufaeMujcif;jzpfav\/ oufBu;D
acgif;cs tcsdefüum; ppfom;tcsKdU tdyfaysmfíaeMuav\/ xdktcdkuf ppfom; 2a,muftm; rnf;rnf;o@mef
2ckonf ajrBu;D rS wGm;ívmum ajcovk;H nhKo d usn;f udk ½du k v
f NJS y;D aemuf vsijf refpmG zrf;qD;wkyaf ESmifvsu½f MdS u&m?
aoewfrsm; ab;wGifaxmifvsuf½Sdaom ppfom;rsm;wGifvnf; BuKd;ESifYwkyfaESmifum vl 20cefY 0dkif;rdNyD;jzpfav\/
xdt k apmifpY pfom;rsm;wGiv f nf; vli,frsm;oGi;f xm;aom olvQKw d OD;ygojzifY vkyu f ikd Bf upH nf&mwGif omí vG,u f l
av\/ pdwt f m;xufoefaom vli,fwu Ykd m; ppfom;rsm; ratmfEikd af tmif yg;pyf t0wfEiS q Yf uYkd m BuK;d jzifY wif;usypf mG
wkyfaESmifNyD;vQif tkwfwdkufab;wGif ajrrsm;udkwl;íaeMuav\/ vufarmif;tm;oefaom avSavSmfom;rsm;
jzpfonft h wdik ;f ? wa,mufwvSnphf w D ;l um ajro,fou l o,fjzifY jyKvyk af eMu&m? MuufO;D wGecf sed f jrefrmq,fem&DcefY
Mumatmif wl;rdaomtcg wdu k af tmufoYkd vdP k af cgif;jzpfvsuf vlwud, k f 0dik Ef ikd af v\/ xdt k aygufrS *a[ydwv f suf
twGif;ü ,rf;rSKefYrsm;? oHwdkcJprsm; xnfhxm;aom oHpnfjywfudk wdkufatmufodkYoGif;um ,rf;peufudk tjyifodkY
xkwf,lcJYMuav\/
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wdkufatmuf ,rf;tdk;peufwGif rD;½SKdUNyD;aomtcg vli,ftm;vkH; MuufaysmufiSufaysmuf aysmufoGm;Muav\/
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avmifuRrf;wkef;jzpfav\/
ylwaubk&ifcHum; ta&;BuD;aomt&m½Sdrsm;ESifY udk,f&Hawmfrsm; NcH&Hvsuf? rD;avmif&modkY vma&muf
Munfh½SKNyD;vQif rsufESmnKdíoGm;av\/ teD;½Sd jrefrmt&m½SdwOD;tm; ...
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xifaMumif; ...}} ajymqdkav\/
jrefrmt&m½Sv d nf; rnforYkd Qpum;rqdb k J 0rf;enf;onf[ h efjzifY Munf½h KS aeav\/ rif;vkvifEiS Yf olvQKw d u Ykd m;
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XmeponfwrYkd S taqmuftOD? trSKtcif;? trSwt f om; ponfwu Ykd kd rD;½SKUd jcif;? tcGeaf umuforl sm;tm; owfjzwfjcif;
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tar;tjref;r½Sd aoewfESifYypfowfap [líyifjzpfav\/ odkY&mwGif vli,frsm;rSm aMumuf½GHUaygYavsmYonfr½Sd?
vpfonfEiS w Yf NyKid ef uf 4if;wdjYk yKjrt J wdik ;f jyKrí l aeMuav&m? tcsKUd rSmvnf; ppfom;wd\ Yk vufeufEiS Yf aoqk;H Muav\/
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rsKd;cspfrsm;udk vdkufvHowfjzwfíaeMuojzifY? vli,frsm;\twGif;a&;wGif rsm;pGmtultnD&aom vlBuD;tcsKdUyif
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owfjzwfErdS ef if;í aeMu&av\/ vli,frsm;\pdww f iG u
f m; avQmaY ygY aoG;aMumifonfr½S/d ylwau vlrsK;d jcm;wdt Yk m;
tvGet f rif; pdwef monfwaMumif;? vlrsK;d jcm;vufatmufu ½ke;f xGu&f mü touftaocHí rMurf;bJ? rykeu f efbJ
b,fenf;ESirYf Q rvGwEf ikd [ f k wxpfcs,rl w S x
f m;aomaMumif?Y xkpd Oftcg tenf;i,f pdw0f rf;uGaJ eaom vli,frsm;yif
waygif;wpnf;wnf;jzpfum wwfEdkifonfhbufu aqmif½Gufaeav\/
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wOmPfwnf;jzpfaomaMumifY rnfodkYrnfykH BuHpnfaqmif½Gufonfudk ylwautpdk;& rod½Sdjcif;jzpfav\/
armifbek ;f jrif?Y jrpHEiS Yf &Jabmfwu Ykd m; oefvsiNf rKUd wGi;f 0,f txl;olvQKrd sm;ESiYf apmifpY m;Munf½h KS apaomaMumif?Y
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Y nf vlyx Hk rJ S twif;wd;k í ajy;oGm;Ny;D tdraf y:odYk
wufav&m? ]]tdk ...vluav;&JU? rif;bb jrif0HYao;&JUvm; ...}}[k 0efuawmfBuD;\ idkaMuG;oH? ]] tdk ...
bbbk&m;&JU ...}}[k EG,Ef , G uf av;\ idak Mu;G oHrsm;udk Mum;&onfEiS w Yf NyKid ef uf &ifxw J iG q
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pl;Ny;D toufaysmufaew,fuUJG ? tr,fav; 0efrif;Bu;D &JU taoqd;k avjcif; ...}}[k qufvufiakd Mu;G ae½Smjyef\/
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eHeufydkif;ü armifbkef;jrifY a&mufvmaomtcg azmfjyygtwdkif; awGUBuKH&jcif;jzpfav\/
armifbkef;jrifYum; ylwauvlrsKd;rsm;\ vl,kHvlrdkufrsm;vufcsuf[k awG;rdaomfvnf;? rnfolYudkrQ zGifY[
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twGif;a&; y&d,m,fudk odNyD;jzpfonfhtwdkif; ]]aeESifYMuOD;uGm ...}}[k wdk;wdk;Budrf;0g;rdav\/
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wufacgufum rsu&f nfrusorl ½S?d rcsw d ifuJ 0rf;enf;yufvuf jzpfMu&av\/ 0efuawmfEiS Yf ½Sief ef;EG,u f av;\
[pfatmfidkaMuG;oHudk Mum;&aomtcg? omíyif pdwfESvkH; xdcdkufMuav\/ naecif;üum; oefvsif0efrif;\
tavmif;udk NrKUd jyifoo k mefoYkd xkwaf qmifav&m? jynfu h syaf eaom vlpv k al 0;Bu;D onf oefvsi0f efrif;\*kPyf 'k u
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jzpfjyefysufjyef avmu"H\ uHuwåm; jcm;em;awGUBuKH&ykHwdkYjzifY w&m;csvsuf? vma&mufar;jref;MuolwdkYtm;
tjzpftysuu f kd jyefveS af jymqdu k m ae&av\/ nae ae0ifNzK;d zstcsed üf vli,fwa,mufonf ra,mifrvnfEiS Yf
armifbkef;jrifY\ tdrf0if;twGif;odkY 0ifa&mufum? armifbkef;jrifYtm; vQKdU0Sufaom txdrf;trSwfudk jyNyD;aemuf?
puúLrifa&;pmwapmifudk ay;oGm;av\/

]] vluav; ...oefvsifu owif;rsm;udk taz tpOfMum;od&onf/ ,cktcgaomf vkyfudkif&ef tcsdef

wefNyD/ taz\awmwGif vl 3000 ausmf a&muf½SdaeNyD/ wd*kHapwD awmifajc&if;wGifvnf; vl 2000 ausmf
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jyifqifum ]]udkif; tckxGufawmYr,f EG,fEG,f ...}}[k cspfoluav;\ rsufESmudk oem;MuifempGmMunfh½SKum
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twlygvmaom armifbkef;jrifYudk awGUMu&m? txl; tm;½Sd ½Tifvef;Muav\/ armifbkef;jrifYvnf; ...
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tawmfMumvdrrYf nf[k ,kMH unfMuav\/ a½Tw*d b Hk &k m; ajrmufbufawmifajc&if;? awmwGi;f u ppfwyfum; Mum;jzwf
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xm;Mujcif;jzpfav\/
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xdkifum wdkifyifMuav\/ jrpHum; rdrdvufxJupmudk csufjcif;ay;&aumif;rvm;? ray;bJae&aumif;rvm;[k
csDwkHcswkHjzpfae&mu? ]]&JabmfawmY wGHaw;buf oGm;ESifYNyDuGJU ...}}[k ajymav\/
]] tdrf; ...tJ'Du rif;wdkYigwdkY zdzdpD;pD;vkyf&rSmyJ? olwdkYbufu bmxl;ovJ ...}}
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ta&;½Sd&if taMumif;Mum;ygr,fwJY ...}}
]] 'DvdktwGif;a&;rSm udk,fYvl,kH½SdwmvJ wtm;yJ? bb[m odyftajrmftjrifBuD;wmyJaemf? 'gaMumifYvJ
owfypfMuwmyJuGJU ...}}
]] 'gYxuf &ufcsdef;ay;NyD;yvm; ...}}
]] oDwif;uRwfvqef; 5&ufaeY eHeufrSm ESpfzufnSyfNyD; '*kef 'vudk odrf;MuvdkY? NyD;awmYrS oefvsifudk
wdkufcdkufzdkYyJ ...}}
]] EdkY ...ykodrfbufudkaum 'Dvdkypfxm;rSmvm; ...}}
]] udpör½Sdbl;? oefvsif&&if ykodrfu udk,fYe,fjzpfrSmyJ ...}}
]] rif;aum ...ck igeJY wcgwnf;vdkufawmYrSmvm; ...}}
]] tdk tdrfvJ rajym&ao;bl;uG,f? olYudkrSmcJYNyD;rS wcgwnf; vdkufcJYcsifw,f ...}}
jrpHum; armifbek ;f jrifo Y nf 4if;\ZeD;onftm; oHa,mZOfNiw d ,
G af eyku
H kd od&aomtcg? pdwrf aumif;½SmbJ
rajymvnf; rNyD;aomaMumifY ]]oli,fcsif; ...}}[k ac:vdkufav\/
]] bmvJu?G rif;u igYukd rde;f rcifwt YJ aumif tok;H rusb;l vdYk ajymcsio f vm;? 'Dvrkd [kwyf gbl; olauseyf½Hk
rSmcJYcsifvdkYyg? igY&nf½G,fcsufudk rpGefYygbl;uGJU ...}}
]] r[kwfygbl;? ig rif;udkawGUatmif apmifYaewm wjcm;aMumifYr[kwfbl; ...}}[k xGuf&rnfhpum;udk
vnfacsmif;wGif wpfqdkYíaeav\/
]] bmvJuG bmvJ ...igYudk bmvdkYapmifYae&wmvJ? ajymprf;ygOD; ...}}[k jymjymovJ ar;av&m ...
 ]] EG,Ef ,
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Yf NyKid ef uf? armifbek ;f jrifo
Y nf owdvpfíoGm;awmYojzif?Y
jrpHrSm uAsmu,m ayGU,lvsuf? ]]armifbkef; armifbkef; oli,fcsif; ...owdxm;prf;ygOD;uG ...}}[k b0ifudk
zdvsuf ajcrudkcsKd;&if; udk,fudk tBudrfBudrfvSKyfrS [if;ueJ nnf;um owd&ívmav\/
]] EG,fEG,f ...tdk EG,fEG,f }}[k ua,mifuwrf;ac:íaejyef&m? ]]a[Y oli,fcsif; owdxm;rSaygY}}[k
yg;pyfudkydwfvsuf wm;jrpf&m? xdktcgrS aoG;rTefaeaom armifbkef;jrifYonf owd&vmvsuf ]]b,fvlqdk;u
owfoGm;wmvJ? zatudk owfNyD;MuvdkY orD;udk owfjyefwmvm;? rif;wdkYapmifY&pfwm bmvkyfzdkYvJ? igtck
oGm;owfr,f}}[k Burd ;f 0g;ae&m? jrpHonf ]]tif; ...r,m;us&if vlrsm;[m pdwEf v S ;Hk udk txdcu
kd q
f ;Hk yguvm;}}[k
awG;awm&if; ...]] ajymwmudk em;axmifygOD;? rif;rdef;rudk b,folrSrowfbl;? olYbmomol owfaooGm;wm?
a[m 'DrSm ola&;wJYpm ...}}[k xkwfay;ojzifY? ESpfOD;om; rD;zdk½Sd&modkY vmcJYMuav\/
olykefrsm;rSm rdk;wGif;jzpfí wiful;BuHpnfxm;Muonfhtwdkif;? trdk;tum ,m,DwJuav;rsm;ESifY aexkdif
Mu&jcif;jzpf&m? jrpHESifY armifbkef;jrifYwdkY 0ifa&mufaomwJrSm ta&;BuD;aom Adkvfrsm;aeonfhwJ jzpfav\/
armifbkef;jrifYum; rsuf&nfrsm;pDvsuf rSKdif;cHpuúLwGif rifESifYa&;xm;aom ½Sifeef;EG,f\pmudk zwf½SKumaeav\/

]] toufwrQ cspfcifvSaom udkbkef;\tvdkqE´jynfh0atmif EG,fEG,f\ulnDcsufudk auseyfvdrfYrnf[k

arQmv f ifyY gonf/ udb k ek ;f rSm EG,Ef ,
G t f wGuf vkyu f ikd Bf upH nf&mwGif aemufqw H wif;wif;jzpfí ae½SmaMumif; EG,Ef , G f
od½Sdygonf/ udkbkef;\oli,fcsif;rsm;uvnf; EG,fEG,ftwGuf udkbkef; iJYuGuf aygYavsmYrnfudk pdk;&drfaMumif;rsm;
od½&dS ygonf/ EG,Ef , G o f nf udb k ek ;f wdaYk qmif½u
G &f mü ygyN*K[ d Ef iS Yf wlíaeonf[k xifygonf/ EG,Ef , G \
f pdwrf mS vnf;
udbk ek ;f wd\ Yk pdwx
f m;udk rrDjim;aomfvnf; trsK;d ESiw Yf ikd ;f jynfukd cspcf ifaompdwrf Qavmuf½adS Mumif;? udb k ek ;f todyif
jzpfygonf/ EG,fEG,f[m udkbkef;udk cspfvGef;í rpGefY&ufEdkifjcif;jzpfygonf/ EG,fEG,fuJYodkY pdwfrxm;olrsm;u rpGefY
&JvQifvnf; tjcm;oli,fcsif;rrsm;twGuf erlemaumif;&awmYrnf r[kwfyg/ udkbkef;rSm tpGrf;ukef tqkH;pGef
aqmif½u G &f rnfu h pd aö y:aygufvmaomtcg? EG,Ef , G f tulnED ikd q f ;Hk tcsuwf ckrmS udb k ek ;f aemufqrH wif;atmif
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aomfvnf; þpmudk udb k ek ;f zwf½KS &csed üf EG,Ef ,
G rf mS tpdr;f ruav;b0odYk a&muf½v dS rd rYf nf[k xifygonf/ udb k ek ;f
tBuHatmifygap[k EG,fEG,f qkawmif;ygonf/ ½Sdcdk;uefawmYcJYygonf aus;Zl;½Sifukdbkef; ...}}

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ajymrdajym&m ajymqdv
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0ifa&mufvmum armifbkef;jrifYtm; w&m;"r®jyo pdwfajzíaeavownf;/

tcef; ( 13 )

armifbkef;jrifYum; oef;acgif,Htcsdeftxd EG,fEG,fESifY a½S;u Muifem,k,pGm aexdkifcJYykHudk awG;awm

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cspfolESifY tjcm;b0ü jrefjrefaygif;zdkYjzpf&rnf[k aorSKudkyif tvdk½SdíaeawmYonf/ jrpHum; wa&;warmtdyfae
Ny;D aemuf? ikww f wk x f idk af eaom armifbek ;f jrift
Y m; ykc;Hk udk tomt,mykwv f suf ]] udik ;f oli,fcsi;f ...wGaH w;buf
oGm;MupdkY? rif;rSm tdyfvnf;rtdyf&ao;bl;? vdkufEdkifygYrvm; ...}} [k ar;jref;&m? ]]vdkufEdkifygw,fuGm? bmvkdY
rvdu k Ef ikd &f rSmvJ ...}}[k ESpOf ;D om; c&D;xGu&f efjyifqifMuav\/ armifbek ;f jrifu Y m; todw&m;ESiYf pdwu f kd renf;
csKyu f m Adv k Bf u;D tm; rSmMum;weforQ rSmMum;Ny;D vQi?f awmpyfopfyifawGMum;rS ab;&efukd yrmrxm;Edik b f ?J trSwf
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ppfom; 200 cefEY iS Yf tcsed t f enf;i,frQ wdu k cf u kd Nf y;D aemuf '*keNf rKUd wjcrf;udk pD;rdav\/ xdak eYwiG yf if wGaH w;buf½dS
olykefppfwyfrsm;rSvnf; arSmf0ef;e,fw0dkufESifY wGHaw;e,fw0dkuf? vlcGJí wdkufcdkufodrf;ydkufaeav\/
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ppfom;waxmif? jrif;w&m? tajrmuf 5vufjzifY vTwv f u
kd af v\/ '*ke½f dS olyek w f yfom;rsm;rSm 2000 cef½Y adS omfvnf;
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jzpfav&m? aoewfvkvifwdkYrSmvnf; aoewfrsm;udk ,rf;xdk;vsuf pdwfwMuGMuGESifYjzpfíaeMuav\/
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&½Sdvdkufav\/
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ppfAdkvfwOD;tm; ppfuJcefYum wdkufqif 50? jrif; 500? ppfom; 3000ESifY arSmf0ef;e,fodkY csDwufapav\/
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awGUMu&m? wzufEiS w Yf zuf aoewfoH w'dik ;f 'dik ;f jrnfatmif ypfcwfaeMuav\/ olyek w f yfbufrS cHuwkw½f o dS jzifY
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ppfom;tm;vk;H uwkwrf u S , G Mf uvsuf wzufEiS w Yf zuf ypfcwfaejyefMu&m? a½SUu ppfwyfrsm;udak usmv f suf tajrmuf
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vuf0Jpnfol\qiftm; pG,fvkH;uRHvsuf a½SUodkYidkuftus? rif;xifvufsmonf vuf0Jpnfoltm; vSHESifYxdk;av\/
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