2000

, 2000

 1
,
: .
1 .

.
1.1.1 [2]


.

.
1.1.1 [5]

.


.
1.3.3

.

.

 2

: .

2 (2.1 2.2) .

.
2.2.2.1

5%.
1993



q.
. 1995,
, ,
,
.

=5 =1,
.
2.8 2
4 .
1.32 1.08.
.

.

.
2.2.2.4
q.
[2] q.
q

.

2.6 .
,
5% 10%
. q,
,
.
2.6 1. q=2
50% 1/3 .

.

.

 8
1995 :

.

K 3

: .
.
1.
3 ,
.
(, , , .)

(, , .)

.
, , 3
.
(. ),
. :
K 3 :
1995

2000

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.2
3.3

3.3

3.4

3.4.

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.7

. 3.1 .
. 3.2 ,
,
,
. , ( . 3.5.1)
.
3.3 3.5
, .
5

 . 3.4 ,
.
. 3.6 .
, . 3.7 ,

,
(S=a =0,
), . ,
2,5 2 :
(z) = 2 (/g) (1+z/H) / [(1+(1-T/)2]

=0 : (0) = /g

, 8 (3
2, 3 1992!).
,
3.3 3.5 .
2. ( )
2.1
,

.
(., ),

.
(.
)

,
.
;


.
. , 2000

, .

. .
, ,
, .

.
, .
;
.

2.2

, .
, ,
, ,
.

,
, ,
, ,
. ,
,
, ,

 .
2000.
2000.
; .

.
2.3 :

() ' ()
2000
, , .

< 0.35 i

()
i=i+1 Ki

< 0.35 Ki

< 0.50 i

< 0.50 i

()
mi=mi+1 mi

< 0.35 mi

< 0.50 mi

i = (/hi)

( )
, 2000,

.


.

2.4

.
, ,
. :
. T ; ( =;)
. ' ; ( Fi = ;)
. ( )
;
. ;
.

,
.
,

. ,
.

,

, .
.


.

.
..

, ,

. , 8
.
, ,
,

, ,
9

, ,
. , ,
,
.
, (, 8,
SEAOC), ,
. ;
,
.
.
2000 ,
,
.

.
,
.
;
:
, ,
. :
,
, . ,
. ,
, .

10

inimum

Po

(z)

,
.
E, 2000
(, ),
.
.

2.5 ()

,
( ) :
()
eo =
.

11

()
2 = z / K : z = ,
K =

= u/z

u =
z = z=1
, ,
.
() m
2m = 2 + eo2
r (
) :
m > r

m <= r
! ! ( :
)

2000
( ) .
,
(x y) m,i i

ri
.

2.6
: (
) ;
,
, , ,
( )
. ,
. ,

12

, ,
:
()
,

. ei = 0.05LI ( i),
.

eo

Po

min e
max e
E
() efi, eri ,
( )
. ;
,
.
, ,
.
.



. 2000,

13

 ( 2000),
.
2.7

. :
; .! 2000 :

() .
, ,
.

X Y,
() .
.
:
: ,X ,X
: , ,

; ,
= ,X + ,

= ,X + ,

, .
, ,

,
:
ex M =

(M,X)2 + (M,)2

ex N =

(,X)2 + (,)2

;
,
. , 4 :
( ex M , simult )

: simult = ( M,X N,X + M, N, ) / ex M

( ex , simult M )

: simult M = ( M,X N,X + M, N, ) / ex

14

,
,
( ) .
2000
.
, 2000
( )
.

3.
,
.
.
3.1

( )
.
,
"

"

"

( 2000 ),

.
, 2000 ,
,
(.. x y
). ..,

.

15

R b=Ra

Ra

Rb'

Rb

Ra'
Ra

max M = ( Ma2 + Mb2 )1/2

max M' = ( Ma'2 + Mb'2 )1/2

max M = max M'

2000
. ..,
8, the design seismic action shall be applied along all
relevant horizontal directions. (3.3.3.1 (4)), .
.
,
.
, , ,
, .
.
.

16

3.2


.
, (.
) .
, . ,
4 , 2 .
: , 4
: , , mi
=
ei I (. ).
2000 .

mi

exi
mi
KBi

KBi
Rd

exi

Rd
mi
KBi

eyi

KBi

eyi

mi

2
,

. .

.
.

17

Rd
1995

Rd

2000

ei Fi

2 ei Fi

2eiFi
H
, ,
,
, .
,

( 2 ! ).
2000.
3.3
(.. , . )
. ( x)
,
(CQC, Complete Quadratic Combination)
i,x :
ex M,x =

i j ij Mi,x Mj,x

(SRSS, Square root of the Sum of Squares) :

ex M,x =

i (Mi,x )2

SRSS CQC
.
. ( )
ex M =

(ex M,x)2 + (ex M,y)2

18

 ,
SRSS, .
3.4
:
;
.
,
( exM,

exN )

, 4
: , .
( ex M, x+y , simult , x+y )
( ex , x+y , simult M, x+y )

: simult ,x+y = { i j ij ( Mi,x Nj,x + Mi,y Nj,y) } / ex M,x+y

simult ,x+y = { i j ij ( Mi,x Nj,x + Mi,y Nj,y) } / ex ,x+y

x y .
, ,

,
( ) .

, 6 :

ex M

simult M

simult M

simult

ex

simult

simult

simult

ex

4 4x6=24 . 24
.
, 2000
.
8 .
19


, . :

(..
).
,
;
,
.
, ,
2000, :
, , .
. , 2
x y :
S =

Sx + 0.3 Sy

S = 0.3 Sx +

Sy

.. :

ex M,x
Sx =

ex M,x
ex ,x

(8 )

ex M,y
Sy =

ex M,y
ex ,y

(8 )

2x8x8=128 .
4
, 4x128=256
, .
.
2000, ,


:

ex M,x+y
ex M,x+y
ex ,x+y

20

 8 , 4x8=24,
. ,


.

21

.
: .
3.3.3

[2]

P0 z0
(i0),

Mzi = cFi,
.

Fi.
,
X Y,
FiX FiY .
;

22

3.3.3
[3]

x, y
P0XY
:

2 =

2u XY
u XX uYY

P0
FiX uXX, uYX
FiY uXY, uYY
uYX = uXY.

uYX = uXY.
:
FiX FiY uYX = uXY
FiX = FiY

, . {9} {10} 3
)
uYX = uXY

23

3.3.3

3.1 eoyi eoxi

.

24

3.3.3
[4]

,
x,y .

(. .3.3.3) :
[4]

. (3.2)
(.. <10), .
(.. uXX uYY)
, =0.

[4],

x,y ,
.
[4], (
uXX uYY ),
.

25

5 ( Fi)
Xp = uY/ = 0,0032/0,00135 = 2,37 m
Yp = uX/ = 0,0032/0,00135 = 2,37 m
uXX = 0,0646

uYX = 0,0054

uXY = 0,0054

uYY = 0,0646

2 =
2=90

2u XY
0,0108
0,0108
=
=
=
u XX uYY (0,0646 0,0646)
0
=45

26

1
Xp = uY/ = 0,01922/0,005508 = 3,489 m
Yp = uX/ = 0,01922/0,005508 = 3,489 m
uXX = 0,01061

uYX = 0,00144

uXY = 0,00144

uYY = 0,01061

2 =
2=90

2u XY
0,00288
0,00288
=
=
=
u XX uYY 0,01061 0,01061
0
=45

27

1
Xp = uY/ = 0,009425/0,002358 = 3,997 m
Yp = uX/ = 0,008568/0,002358 = 3,634 m
uXX = 0,072420
uXY = 0,000944

2 =

uYX = 0,000944
uYY = 0,073620

2u XX
0,001888
=
= 1,57
u XX uYY 0,07242 0,07362

2=57,5

=28,8

28

 -

, :
Fi ,
,
FiX FiY.

,

.
3.3.3.[4] "

, x,y
",
'
.

29

.

: .

) 10 .
) n 5
. 4
2
3 2
V.
1.

()

>2

>2

IV

:
) .

4,
35% .
) i
0.35 i: i+1- i<0.35 i
i
0.50 i: i- i+1<0.50 i
) mi 0.35 mi:
mi+1- mi<0.35 mi
mi 0.50 mi:
mi -mi+1 <0.50 mi

.

30


.
) V.
)

Fi= V

mizi
,
m jz j

i,j=1,2,,N

F1
F

2 (
: z=1 .
. z)

FN

z.
)

(Po) zo=0.8H (H:

). zo ,
.
Po. , i,
Poi.
.
,
PoiXY.

F1
F

2
F= .
.

FN

Fi Po,i
. uX,X, uY,X
Po ( 0.8H).

F1
F

2
) F= .
.

FN

31

 Fi Po,i Y
. uX,Y

uY,Y

Po ( 0.8H).
x X
:
2=

2u XY
( )
u XX u YY

<10, X Y (
).

),

.
.
.

:
mx,i<ri my,i<ri , .
mx,i=

2x

2
e ox
,i

my,i=

2y

2
e oy
,i

eoy,i

eoi

Poi

eox,i

Mi
x

eox,i eoy,i: Poi

x y (eo,i
).
x y : .
x=

uy
z

y=

ux
,
z

:
ux: x ( ) Po (zo=0.8H) Fx
Po,i x .
uy: y ( ) Po (zo=0.8H) Fy
Po,i y .
z: zo=0.8H z.
ux uy
Fx Fy .
:

32

ef er ( )

1) Mz
2) ) FX (
.
) FY (
).
.
max ex,i=efx,i+ex,i

max ey,i=efy,i+ey,i

min ex,i=erx,i-ex,i

min ey,i=ery,i-ex,i

: ex,i=0.05Lx,i , ey,i=0.05Ly,i :
efx,i , erx,i , efy,i ery,i :

:
efx,i=1.5 ex,i

efy,i=1.5 ey,i

erx,i=0.5 ex,i

ery,i=0.5 ey,i

ex,i: Poi i
x .
ey,i: Poi i
y.
Po,i Po,i i
(i i ). ex,i , ey,i
. efx,i efy,i . erx,i
ery,i .

.
.


x y.

33

 Tx (
x) uy,i z,i
. Ty (
y) ux,i z,i
.
.

x,i y,i.

(), (), ()

.

:
x = 0.09

H
Lx

H
H
y = 0.09
H + xLx
Ly

H
H + yLy

:
:

Lx, Ly:

x y .

x , y:

x y
.

, ,
ix iy
.

Vox = MRd(Tx) Voy = MRd(Ty)
M: .
M .
M
.

Fi,x=(Vox-VHx)

mi x , i
,
m jx , j

i,j=1,2,,N (N )

34

Fi,y=(Voy-VHy)

mi y ,i
m jy, j

mi: i
i,x : i
x.
i,y : i
y.
VHx = 0.07 TxVox, (VHx 0.25Vox)
VHy = 0.07 TyVoy, (VHy 0.25Voy)
VHx : Tx> 1 sec.
VHy : Ty> 1 sec.
:
Fi,x=(Vox-VHx)

mizi
m jz j

(1)

Fi,y=(Voy-VHy)

mizi
m jz j

(1)

: zi i .
:
) 1, 2 3 2
.
) 1 2 3
, ,
) 1 2 4
.
2. 1, 1

()

1, 2 3

1 2

1 2

.
max ex,i, max ey,i, min ex,i min ey,i
:

35

Fx min ey
Fx max ey
Fy min ex
Fy max ex

.1

F, FY z,
(1, 1)
max ex,i, max ey,i, min ex,i min ey,i
.
Z.
4
.
Fx (min ey) Fy (min ex)
Fx (min ey) Fy (max ex)
Fx (max ey) Fy (min ex)
Fx (max ey) Fy (max ex)

36

.2

:
)
exA
x, y z
:
exA= A, 2x + A, 2y + A, 2z
,x, A,y A,z
x, y z .
exA ,
:
,=

A, y
A, x
A,
B, x +
B, y + z B, z
exA
exA
exA

B,x, B,y B,z

x, y z
)

(
, ,
).
F= Fx0.3Fy0.3Fz
F= 0.3FxFy0.3Fz
F= 0.3Fx0.3FyFz
:
37

F:
x,y z.
Fx, Fy Fz
x, y z ( ,
).
:
F = Fx 0.3Fy
F = 0.3Fx Fy
8 :
F1 = Fx + 0.3Fy = - F5

F3 = 0.3Fx + Fy = - F7

F2 = Fx 0.3Fy = - F6

F4 = -0.3Fx + Fy = -F8

.3
.
)

,
( )

, ,
(2 3).

exM
M , M
M , N

1= -4= M ,M , 2= -5= exM , 3= -6= M , N

N , M
N , M
exN

38

 , , :
ex= M , 2x + M , 2y + M , 2z
,=

,=

M ,x
exM
M ,x

exM

M ,x +
N ,x +

M ,y
exM

M ,y

M,y +

N ,y +

exM

M ,z
exM

M ,z
exM

M ,z

N ,z

ex= M , 2x + M , 2y + M , 2z
,=

,=

M ,x
exM
M ,x
exM

M ,x +
N ,x +

M ,y
exM
M,y

exM

M ,y +
N ,y +

M ,z
exM

M ,z
exM

M ,z

N ,z

ex = N , 2x + N , 2y + N , 2z
,N=

,N=

N ,x
exN
N ,x
exN

M ,x +
M ,x +

N ,y
exN
N ,y
exN

M ,y +
M ,y +

N ,z
exN
N ,z
exN

M ,z
M ,z

.
, 4x6=24 .
)
8

.
.
: 8x4 = 32
, 32 .

, 96 96

.

39


:
Gk + P + 2i .Qki.

40



V.
: Fi= V

mizi
,
m jz j

i,j=1,2,,N

: z = 1.F

z Po ( zi=0.8H)

Po.
PoXY.

FX

uX,X , uY,X

FY

uX,Y , uY,Y

2=

2u XY
u XX u YY

( Poxy)

ux Fx

uy Fy

x=

uy
z

y=

ux
z

mx,i= 2x + e 02 x ,i <ri my,i= 2y + e 02 y ,i < ri

max ex,i=efx,i+ex,i

max ey,i=efy,i+ey,i

min ex,i=erx,i-ex,i

min ey,i=ery,i-ex,i

ex,i=0.05Lx,i

ey,i=0.05Ly,i :

efx,i , erx,i , efy,i ery,i :

ef er

efx,i=1.5 ex,i

efy,i=1.5 ey,i

erx,i=0.5 ex,i

ery,i=0.5 ey,i

x y ( )
Vox Voy

41

Fx,i Fy,i

exA= A, 2x A, 2y + A, 2z
,=

A, y
A,
A, x
B, x +
B, y + z B, z
exA
exA
exA

F= Fx0.3Fy0.3Fz
F= 0.3FxFy0.3Fz
F= 0.3Fx0.3FyFz

4*8=32

4*6=24

4*24=96

42

: 20 cm
:
20 cm
:
25/60

: =2.8*107 kN/m2
: 15 kN/m2
:

:
40/40
:
h=3.2 m
: q=3.5

:
: =5%

(/2000
.3.2.3)

1.86

1.86
4.464

8.184

3.72

O
3.72

3.72

3.72

11.16

:
m=(3.72*3+(3.72+4.464))*15/9.81=139.65 t(SI)
V=300 kN

43

 Fi= V

mizi

m
z
j j

: F1= V

mizi
139.65 * 3.2
= 100 kN
= 300
139.65 * (3.2 + 6.4)
m jz j

F2= V

mizi
139.65 * 6.4
= 200 kN
= 300
139.65 * (3.2 + 6.4)
m jz j
100
kNm
200

: z =

z
0.8=5.12 m, 2
.
2 :
uX
6.606*10-4

uY

-4.71*10-4

1.034*10-4

2 :
X=-uY/Z= -4.71*10-4/1.034*10-4=4.555 , =uX/Z=6.606*10-4/1.034*10-4=6.389

Po (4.555, 6.389, 6.4).
Po :
)

100
,
200

FX=

Poi.
)

100
, Y
200

FY=

Poi.

uX(Po)

uY(Po)

FX

-3

1.31*10

4.53*10-6

FY

4.56*10-6

1.56*10-3

uYX uXY uXX uYY

(... . 3.3.3[4] .3.3.3[4]).

44

 2=

2u XY
= 1.037 o .
:
u XX u YY

x y X Y.

100

Po Fx =
x
200
Poi (ux0 , uy0).
)

100
y
200

Po Fy =

Poi (uy 0 , ux 0).

:
x=

uy
z

1.56 *10 -3
= 3.8842 ,
1.034 * 10 -4

y=

ux
1.31 * 10 3
=
= 3.5594
z
1.034 * 10 4

XY :
=5.58 ,

Y=4.092

Po=4.555 , YPo=6.389
:
eox,1= eox,2=5.58-4.555=1.025
eoy,1= eoy,2=6.389-4.092=2.297
: r1=r2=

11.16 2 + 8.184 2
= 3.995
12

:
2
2
2
mx,1= mx,2= 2x + e ox
,i = 3.8842 + 1.025 = 4.017 > 3.995
2
2
2
my,1= my,2= 2y + e oy
,i = 3.5594 + 2.297 = 4.236 > 3.995.

45


:
efx,i=1.5 ex,i efx,1= efx,2=1.5 ex,1=1.5*1.025=1.5375
efy,i=1.5 ey,i efy,1= efy,2=1.5 eyx,1=1.5*2.297=3.445
erx,i=0.5 ex,i erx,1= erx,2=0.5 ex,1=0.5*1.025=0.5125
ery,i=0.5 ey,i ery,1= ery,2=0.5 ey,1=0.5*2.297=1.148
T :
ex,i=0.05Lx,i ex,1= ex,2=0.05*11.16=0.558
ey,i=0.05Ly,i ey,1= ey,2=0.05*8.184=0.4092
:
max ex,i=efx,i+ex,i max ex,1= max ex,2=efx,1+ex,1=1.5375+0.558=2.0955
max ey,i=efy,i+ey,i max ey,1= max ey,2=efy,1+ey,1=3.445+0.4092=3.8542
min ex,i=erx,i-ex,i

min ex,1= min ex,2=erx,1-ex,1=0.5125-0.558=-0.0455

min ey,i=ery,i-ex,i

min ey,1= min ey,2=ery,1-ey,1=1.148-0.4092=0.7388

(E.A.K./2000 .3.5.2[1] ):
x = 0.09

H
Lx

H
H
=0.14 y = 0.09
H + xLx
Ly

H
=0.185
H + yLy

:
x=0.1875 y=0.2059

Rd(Tx)= 0.16*9.81 1 +
Rd(Ty)= 0.16*9.81

0.1875 2.5

*(
1) = 1.149 m / s 2
0.2
3.5

2.5
= 1.121 m / s 2
3.5

:
=2*139.65=279.3

Vox = * Rd(Tx)= 279.3*1.149=320.9 kN

46

Voy = * Rd(Ty)= 279.3*1.121=313.1 kN

F1,x= Vox

mizi
139.65 * 3.2
= 106.97 kN
= 320.9
139.65 * (3.2 + 6.4)
m jz j

F2,x= Vox

mizi
139.65 * 6.4
= 293.94 kN
= 320.9
139.65 * (3.2 + 6.4)
m jz j

F1,y= Voy

mizi
139.65 * 3.2
= 104.367 kN
= 313.1
139.65 * (3.2 + 6.4)
m jz j

F2,y= Voy

mizi
139.65 * 6.4
= 208.734 kN
= 313.1
139.65 * (3.2 + 6.4)
m jz j

.
Y

1.86

1.86
4.464

Fi,y
Po
0.045
Fi,x

Fi,y
0.74
2.09
M

3.85

Fi,x
3.72

O
3.72

3.72

3.72

47

106.97
min ey
213.94

3) Fy=

106.97
max ey
213.94

4) Fy=
max ex
208.73

1) Fx=

2) Fx=

104.38
min ex
208.73
104.38

.
N, Mx My 1
.

Mx

My

Fx (min ey)

-13.06

-7.21

-20.1

Fx (max ey)

-12.39

-33.47

-45.58

Fy (min ex)

14.71

-18.06

-0.3745

Fy (max ex)

15.16

-35.67

-17.46

:
1. Fx (min ey) Fy (min ex)
2. Fx (min ey) Fy (max ex)
3. Fx (max ey) Fy (min ex)
4. Fx (max ey) Fy (max ex)

. 1
24 (, x, My)
1 .

48

 1. 1

My

ex = 19.67

x,N= -8.718

y,N= 13.065

,x= -8.819

exx= 19.44

y,x= 7.8

,y=12.78

x,y= 7.54

exy= 20.1

ex = -19.67

x,N= -8.718

y,N= -13.065

,x= 8.819

exx= -19.44

y,x= -7.8

,y= -12.78

x,y= -7.54

exy= -20.1

ex = 20.1

x,N= -22.32

y,N= -0.109

,x= -12.27

exx= 36.39

y,x= 21.09

,y= -0.08

x,y= 28.83

exy= 26.62

ex = -20.01

x,N= 22.32

y,N= 0.109

,x= 12.27

exx= -36.39

y,x= -21.09

,y= 0.08

x,y= -28.83

exy= -26.62

ex = 19.24

x,N= 7.75

y,N= 29.08

,x= 3.92

exx= 38.03

y,x= 40.29

,y= 12.27

x,y= 33.62

exy= 45.58

ex = -19.24

x,N= -7.75

y,N= -29.08

,x= -3.92

exx= -38.03

y,x= -40.29

,y= -12.27

x,y= -33.62

exy= -45.58

ex = 19.58

x,N= -6.44

y,N= 15.32

,x= -2.58

exx= 48.92

y,x= 43.92

,y= 6.147

x,y= 44.015

exy= 48.8

ex = -19.58

x,N= 6.44

y,N= -15.32

,x= 2.58

exx= -48.92

y,x= -43.92

,y= -6.147

x,y= -44.015

exy= -48.8

49


3
3.1 (. 19) eoy,i eox,i.
:

.1 (. 74) . Lrx,i Lry,i
Po. :

50

 4:
: .
4.1.2.2
.
3 3.5.3.
4.1.2.3

.
3 3.1.1 [5].
4.1.2.4
2 .

:
[1] .
.
[4] <0.20 <0.30.
2
( ).
:
[5] [3] [4]
.
4.2
( )
.
4.1.4

() ,
.
[5] :

51

 ,

q 1.5
q/2, 1.0 q 2.6.

.
8

() .

[4.1.4.1]
[4.1.5]
[4.1.6], .

.
50% ,

q.
q=1.0.
.


(). q (
)
:

( ).
.5.2 [2]
( )
.
.

52

 ... 1.5 q/2.

. .
1.0.
1.5 q/2 1.5 q/2.

.
,
,

.
,
(1:1.5=67%),
1.5 .

.

q<<1.0. . ,

.
4.1.4.2


.
, ,
, , .
.

0.60 .
50% ( 0.40)
.

80% .

53

, ,

.
.
( ) (
) .

,
.
3.3.3 [7] .
.
3.
( )
.

1/3 .



.
4.9.
4.1.7.

.
[4]
.
.

,

.4.1.4.2. ( 4 )

54


, (.. Pilotis
).
, ,
.



.


:

;
;

;
;
;
.
.
,
.
4.1.7.. [1]
25 .
.
4.1.7.. [4]


. .

55

4.1.7. [5]

.
4.1.7.2 [2]

.
.
4.1.7.2 [3]
,
, .
4.1.7.2 [4]
.
4.1.7.2 [5]

4.1.7.2 [4] .

56

 5
-
: .
5.1
1) 2 (
, , .)
( ).
2)
, 2, 3 4

--- .
25%
2.
3) ( )

.
4)
.

5.2
1) SFd ( M, V, N)

:

S Fd = S V + CD S E

57

2)
CD ( V/ME):

CD = 1.20

MR MV

q
ME ME

.

.
3) (5.2.3)
.
( ,
)
( )
.

58

 (5.2.3.2)
:
1.

Fd

N Fd R Nd

RNd .
RNd
() ( ).

.

, ,
.
(
)

.
:
=0.60
=0.40 IV

eB

!
)
( , )
) -
) (q>1, CD<q)
) (. 5.1.5)

59

2.

Vsd

Vsd R sd + R pd

Rsd -
Rpd (
40% ).
1.10
1.0.
Rsd

R sd = N Fd tan d

R sd = A su 0.4 N Fd

A
su

Fd

3.

, (
Winkler) .

60

5.2.3.3
:
1. ( )

N Pd R Nd

d (
)
Rd
(

).

.

( 40mm ).

2.

VTd R Td

Vd
( )
Rd
VTd.

3.

(.

5.2.3.3.)

61

5.2.4.2
)
( ..)
25/40 314 / 10/20

n 3

25/60 316 / 10/15

n4

)
.

) ( )
Fd.

Fd = N m
=0.36
=0.60

(max )
( , )

m=1500kN (150t, 200t

100t)

Fd = N m = 0.60 0.36.1500 = 324 kN

( ) 25/40 314 (S400) /.
62

 25/60 616 (S500),

520kN m=2400kN.
) (, )
!!
)
( ?).
)
( )
, ( ).

63

5.3

( 10m)
( 30m),
.

/

- :
1. ,
Mononobe-Okabe,
(
).
2.
aV=0.30 ( 0.20).
3.
(2/3) (/2) .
4.
h=0.40


( 0.40)

64

( K AE K A ) ,

Mononobe-Okabe
( ah, v) .
(k>40m/day)
.
.

65

5.4 -
1) ()
:

h = = 0.50 ( )

v = 0.50 = 0.25

+
2

2) (<15.0m)

:
=0.50
=.()
( ())

()=2.5, :

= 0.5 2.50 = 1.25

?? :

h = =

h =

+
2
+
2

v = 0.25

0.5 + 2.5 0.5

= 0.875
2

66

h=0.875

3) , IV

/ .
.
.

>50.
<50 ?
(?) >50
8 11.

67

1) ( )
, ( ?)
.
2) 6
1 2 (
4000m3)
.

:

q = =

R Fd
= ( 2 i ) E
A

(B 2e B ) (L 2e L )

eB eL L

i

V, :
1 .4

i = 1
N

( ?) .

68