:

, ,
, ,

 :
, ,
, ,

,
, .
,

.
...
475
...
!
, ,
"". -
.

( 1504, ISO 12696 ),
,
/.
.
, ,
...
, ,
.
.
.. , '70, "
" (Rust never sleeps)

1 / 63

. :
)
)
)

:
)
)
)
)
)

. . . . ,
.. ... . . . . , , . 1-2

2 / 63

 , ,

,
.
85-270% .

72 .

, COST action 521, 2015

25 2035
48 , .
COST 2002-2010
2015 400 . . ,
, , 50-60 . .
3 / 63

 - ,

() .
.
( )
().

:
)

.
206

4 / 63

. 206

.
13670.

.
206

5 / 63


(cm)
.

206, 20 mm
/.

/ .

.

, , ,
. :
, ,
, , .

( )
.

, ( 10 C
20 C ).

206.

6 / 63

 1.000 m
,
( )
.
CO2

.

1.000 m,
.
, ()
.

,
""
1990.
1970
. ,
. .

7 / 63

 150 - 1.000 m
.


.

, ,
,
( ), ,
. 206 ( 15),
.
, pH>12.5 80-87%
pH=10.5 8-12%.
206
(pH). ,
Cl-/OH-
ACI 222R-8 ( American Concrete Institute).

13,5

ppm
6740

13,0

2130

12,5

672

12,0
11,5
11,0
10,0
9,0 (
)

213
67
21
2

0,087 ( 206 -
)
0,027
0,0087
0,00027
0.000026

0,2

0,00000026

pH

* C30/37 206.

8 / 63

(%) *
0,87
0,27 ( 206 -
)

 ACI
0,05% 1/2
. pH=10,8.

,
,
( -). , 50%
5 .

. , CON.REP.NET

,
20
(), ,
.

9 / 63



. ,

1504.
CE EN 1504-9 (CATHODIC
CONTROL) 1504-10 (CATHODIC PROTECTION).
-
"
".

,
- .

. 12696
2000.

()
. 60
1,5 .

,
(Standard Items Lists).
... !
2009 1988.

10 / 63

(RPI)

(Corrosion Repair
Performance Indicator, RPI), :

:
PI
(Performance Indicator)
ImPI .
n
o
1

RPI 1 = 4 = .
(1)
(4) .
1: (RPI)

11 / 63


:
Target value for the success criteria (determined at the time of repair) = 3
= 3 [ ImPI x ( score)]
3 ():

1.

(Bond)
(ImPI) 15%

():

1.1 :
( ) -- Debonding: Crack width between repair and substrate
(visual) -- 5%, PI1.ImPI1




.
( ).

(//)
//
. :

12 / 63

/
,

( )

( ).

(
)

(
).

1:

( )

, .
-95.1 :
"


-
10,0 m, (
)", 86,50 /m2.
,
(
),
,
.
.

13 / 63


20, 10 25 mm,
1,00 m2

5 cm
130 -140, ,
.
25 + 20 + 10 = 55 mm.
1,10 x 1,10 = 1,20 m2
(+20%)

2: .

1504-3
1,8 kg/m2 mm .
55 mm x 1,8 kg/m2/mm x 1,2
( ) 120 kg .
x 0,65 /kg ( ) = 78 /m2 .
, , ,
, /
, . "" 50%
. "" 120 /m2
150 /m2
.
-95.1 ,

.
""
86,50 / (120+150) /2 60 %
> 50%; "" 45
- 45 /m2,
30%, " "!
;
"", "" ""!!
14 / 63


(corrosion patch repair)
, ,
1504, :
t = + + 10mm
2:

(2016)
-95.1 m2
10-20 mm

86-92*
78-88*
69
105-110
78-91
75
75
87

(%)
12
8
8
5
11
14
6
11

* //

3:

4:

(2016)
-95.1 m2
20-40 mm

136-155*
178-188*
169
155-210
135-178
153
172
167

(%)
16
11
9
6
8
14
8
10

(2016)
-95.1 m2
70-70 mm
{ , )

276-290*
250-300*
300
325-400
315-378
253-300
262-300
425

(%)
14
12
16
16
18
22
17
14

,
, . ,
( ) 60%
, 2,00
/kg 1,00 /kg.
.

15 / 63

 3: .

.
:
)

10 mm.

>10 mm.

,
.

,
/ ...

(

).

,
!!

...
, ""
"" .
16 / 63

 3 .
2012 2013.
185.000 . (2016)
400.000 . ,
, 1,00
. , ...

, "" 2,5
. ...
, !

1.2 -- Bond to
substrate -- 10%, PI2.ImPI2
:
-
-
-

/
,
:

t
ftR
ftC
fA

()

()

17 / 63

()

()

()

.
-
.
28 . , .. EN 12617-4,
3%,
65%
.
1504-3
500 m/m (20C, 65% 28 )
(0,2-0,8 MPa)
.

(
).
.
,
.

18 / 63

 4: 1504-3

3 () (),
(
),

.
.

( ).
ftR

, .

(
).
ftR
. 2

, .
.
ftR, ,
:

:
ft
fck

(splitting tensile strength)

( MPa).
19 / 63

 1.2 (PI2.ImPI2)

(f).
. 15 MPa
.

(R4, R3) f
( ). (
),
.

,

.
,
,
( 24 ).
1504-3 1542
28
.

.

30 mm ( ) > 45 mm (
).

2.

(Permeability)
(ImPI) 37%

.
:

2.1 -- Cracking in the patch material

10%, PI3.ImPI3

,

.
() "
",
t

ftR. ,
.
4
1.

20 / 63

 5:

.

.

.

.

2.2 -- Carbonation front rate factor

10%, PI4.ImPI4

. 1504-3
.

,
.
(i)

, ,
, ,
().
21 / 63

 6: (cell)

(ii) ()
.
""
.
pH.
:
- pH = 12,5: 50 50 ,
50
- pH = 11,5 50 , 48 2

- pH = 11,0: 50 , 30,
15 , 4 1
- pH =10,0: 50 , 15,
20 , 10 5 15, (20
5 ).
- pH = 9,2: 50 , 1.
50 !
.

.. 1 .
/
. , .. = 10 cm, = 5 cm
2,7 cm .. = 12 cm,
= 6 cm 3,5 cm.
.

22 / 63

 7:

500 kg/m3 ,
, 8.

8: .

! ,
150 - 1.000 m
,
:

()

()

9: ... : "' ' ' "

.
23 / 63

(iii)
(
).
(
)
( )
,
. , (
),

.
(incipient anode, ring effect, halo effect).

, 1.

3 - 6 mm/year 0,5 3.
, 1-3 mm/year 0,5 2 .
< 1 mm/year 0,5 < 100 m
CO2 . 4
.

.

2.3 -- Chloride ion diffusion coefficient

10%, PI5.ImPI5

.

,
, 7-10 cm ( 9).

/ (

)
, - ( 10).

.

< 500 m 2,0
5,0 x 10-12 m2/s 3
> 5 x 10-12 m2/s 4
. 500-1000 m
1,0 2,0 x 10-12 m2/s.

.

24 / 63

 10:

(SCE)
. .

2.4 -- Water absorption or sorptivity

7%, PI6.ImPI6
"",
, ( .. 1,0 m2). ,

.
,
,
.
206 ( ),
13670 ( )!
,
206
;

25 / 63

 ,
206;

( 4) > 0.2 mm/mm2

!

0.1-0,15 mm/mm2 2 (
).

3.

(Durability)
(ImPI) 48%

. :

26 / 63

3.1 -- Reinforcement potential

15%, PI7.ImPI7
,
,
-250 mV ( ).
1 (score)
.

3.2 -- Reinforcement corrosion rate

15%, PI8.ImPI8

.
.

.

.
, -

.
1 (score)
.

3.3 -- Concrete cover resistivity

10%, PI9.ImPI9

.
,
. ,

1 (score)
.
-

.
. Monash
.

3.4 -- Concrete cover mechanical strength

8%, PI10.ImPI10
,

. , //
206,

, 13670,
.

27 / 63

 ( )
C16/20
C30/37
.

, ,

13791.
, ,
,

, .

25 MPa.

-
( 13791),

:
Fck
Sq

13791
, 1 4 (Surface
Quality, )
, 0 (Environmental
Aggressiveness, )

Sq = 4

Sq = 3

Sq = 2

Sq = 1
28 / 63

 27 MPa,
Sq = 2 XC3, .
= 2.
, :
Fck,c = 27,0 - 0,8 x 2,01,9 - 0,3 x 2,01,85 = 27,0 - 3,2 - 1,1 23 MPa

1, 2 (
20 MPa -parent concrete).
20 MPa, Sq = 3,
XS3, . = 4
, :
Fck,c = 20,0 - 0,8 x 3,01,9 - 0,3 x 4,01,85 = 22,0 - 6,4 - 3,9 9,7 MPa
.
1, 4 ( < 10 MPa).

29 / 63

(RPI)

1 3,0 20
( 11).

11: ,
( ) .

, 2
" "
.
1: RPI
.;
2: PI.ImPI 3,0 20 ;
PI.ImPI 1 10
1 (score).
;

1
1: -- 15%
1.1
1.2

: (
) -- 5%, PI1.ImPI1
-- 10%,
PI2.ImPI2

130 /m2 40 mm
, 20% .

30 / 63

O 2: -- 37%
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

-- 10%, PI3.ImPI3
10%, PI4.ImPI4
-- 10%, PI5.ImPI5
-- 7%, PI6.ImPI6

- 25 /m2. 1504-2
(crack bridging)
.
,

. 25 /m2
.
3: -- 48%
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

-- 15%, PI7.ImPI7
-- 15%, PI8.ImPI8
-- 10%, PI9.ImPI9
-- 8%, PI10.ImPI10

55 /m2.

1504-2. 55 /m2

.

, .. Margel 580, 15 /m2.
: 210 /m2

2
1: - 15%
1.1
1.2

: (
) -- 5%, PI1.ImPI1
-- 10%,
PI2.ImPI2

, PI1.ImPI1 20
, 1, 1, 20
.
, PI2.ImPI2

( ).
20
, 2 1, 20 .

31 / 63

O 2: - 37%
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

-- 10%, PI3.ImPI3
10%, PI4.ImPI4
-- 10%, PI5.ImPI5
-- 7%, PI6.ImPI6

PI3.ImPI3

( ).
20 ,
2 1, 20 .
PI3.ImPI3 2, PI4.ImPI4,
PI5.ImPI5 PI6.ImPI6, 2.
3: - 48%
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

-- 15%, PI7.ImPI7
-- 15%, PI8.ImPI8
-- 10%, PI9.ImPI9
-- 8%, PI10.ImPI10

9, 10 1504
( - ).
- 10-15 .
PI7.ImPI7 , 4 1.
PI8.ImPI8 2,
4. PI9.ImPI9
PI10.ImPI10 ,
1504 1.
, 1, RPI,
1,97 ( )
2,17 ( ).

RPI = 1 100% RPI=3
20 , :
: 210 /m2
51% 20 .
: 210 /m2
42% 20 .
, :

210 /m2 51%,

51%
,

.

32 / 63

()

' ,
. ,
()
(). Poubraix .

.
(SHE).

33 / 63

 ,
, Poubraix.
.

(principal cathodic
protection potential). ( ) ,
, , ,
!

.

206-1 (
AISI MMFX).

34 / 63


(
), .

12696 AS2832
( - ).

3,0 m, 60x60, 816,
8/10 XS2
4,5% .. . 20 .
1:
:
2 x 3,14 x 0,016 / 2 x 3,00 x 8 = 1,20 m2
R 15%
().

35 / 63

 :
2 x 3,14 x 0,008 / 2 x 2,40 x 30 = 1,80 m2
:

L
N
SL

:
= 1,15 x (AR + ASt) = 3,18 m2
2: (mA/m2)
, XS2 Cl < 4.5%
IP = 2,5 mA / m2.
3:

:

:
, 1,10 1,50

SFp

4:
Faraday Coulomb :

:
EC
Kp

( = 780 Ah/kg)
( Kp = 0,85
).

5:

8760 .
: 20 ,
2,98 kg .

36 / 63



3
/.

37 / 63

12: 2016.

38 / 63


Mapeshield -25

Mapei
.
(
Q

(ihi)
h

:
= 0.056 m2.
4 x 2,4 m (
, )
= 0,060 m2.

:
= 8 x 0,056 m2 + 5 x 0,060 m2 =0,748 m2
0,6 x 4 = 2,4 m2,
: 0,828 / 2,4 = 0,35.
Steel/Concrete Ratio
(Pitch) Mapeshield -25 ( 13).

39 / 63

 13:

Steel/Concrete Ratio.
20 0,35 pitch 50 cm.

(pitch)
(25 cm)
Mapeshield-25 ( Mapeshield Concrete Repair Area).
Mapesheield E-25 425 gr .
Mapei
Mapesheield
E-25, .

14:

40 / 63

 15:

, ,
( )
( 16)..

16: Mapeshield E-25 .

(RPI) = 1 20 ,
.

41 / 63


m2
1: -- 15%
1.1
1.2

: (
) -- 5%, PI1.ImPI1
-- 10%,
PI2.ImPI2

130 /m2 40 mm
, 20% .
.
O 2: - 37%
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

-- 10%, PI3.ImPI3
10%, PI4.ImPI4
-- 10%, PI5.ImPI5
-- 7%, PI6.ImPI6

Mapeshield E-25
3: -- 48%
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

-- 15%, PI7.ImPI7
-- 15%, PI8.ImPI8
-- 10%, PI9.ImPI9
-- 8%, PI10.ImPI10

Mapeshield E-25
Mapeshield E-25 55-135 /m2,
20 .

:
185 265 /m2,
100%
,
.

42 / 63


Mapeshield E25,
:
:
:
:
:
:

500 bar

: 500 bar

ion conductive layer

,
.
,
.

43 / 63

. ,
> 0,1V ( DC).
,
.

!

44 / 63


FG7R-0.6 / 1 kV / 1 x 8 ( ).
().
.
.
1504-2
1504-3, < 10 k cm ( 12696).

, .

45 / 63

 24
. 2-3 ,
.
Wenner
Probe.

MapeShield E-25
(ion conductive gel) ( )
.
46 / 63


(rebar cover meter).
.

47 / 63

 .

. (< 0,1V).
.
.
.
> 20 mm :
)
) 40
) 4
)
) .
)

Mapeflex PU40
ion conductive gel. ,
. 2 - 3 mm.
48 / 63

49 / 63

 Ag/AgCl/KCl
(Castle Electrodes Ltd, LD10).
:
( ).
( )
12696.

: ( )

50 / 63

 , ,
.
-417 mV -380 mV (Ag/AgCl)
, ,
.

Mapelastic Smart ( >1,6 MPa Mapeshield

E25) ,
.

51 / 63


.
Monash .
C.A. Rodopoulos (2012), Reinforcement Corrosion, Condition Rating and Repair
Performance Indicators - A step by Step Guide, DSTO-Centre of Expertise in Structural
Mechanics, Monash University

52 / 63

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63 / 63