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Cognitive Learning
a. Assumes that learning is complicated including motivation and hunches.
Cognitive Learning
The learners orientation influences the amount of cognitive learning. A mastery orientation relates to a dedication to increasing ones competence on a task. With performance orientation, learners focus on how well they perform on a task and making comparisons with others.
Learning Styles
1. 2. 3. 4. People learn best in different ways, such as through studying versus doing Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic Styles Visual learners learn best by seeing. Auditory learners rely on hearing. Kinesthetic learners learn best by touching and moving Most learners combine the three styles to some degree.
Learning Styles
Learning styles have also been divided into four orientations based on four stages of the learning cycle: concrete experienceobservations and reflectionsformation of abstractions and generalizationshypotheses to be tested, leading to new experiences. The four learning orientations stemming from the cycle are:
4. An orientation toward testing implications of concepts in new situations that emphasizes actively influencing people and changing situations.
Perception
Perception deals with the various ways in which people interpret things in the outside world and how they act on the basis of these perceptions.
Much phenomena is interpreted in terms of how we perceive it, rather than what it really is.
Person as Receiver
Perceptual Distortion
Contrast
Repetition
Motivation
Selective Screening
Halo effect. People may color everything that they know about a
person because of one recognizable favorable or unfavorable characteristic.
The self-serving bias is the general tendency to attribute ones achievements to good inner qualities, while attributing failure to adverse factors within the environment.
People attribute causes based on three dimensions: consensus (did others do it?); consistency (stable performance?); and distinctiveness (unusual for the person?)
Consistency is low
Chapter 3: PowerPoint 3.10