BASIC ELECTRONICS

Capacitor Resistor Diodes Integrated multimeter

circuits

* Resistor

For resistors of wattage less than 2 W (half watt, quarter watt etc.) colour code is used to specify the resistance value.
For wattage above 2 W, values are written on the resistor itself.

* Capacitor

Electrolytic capacitor:-has polarity -smaller leg is ve. -general capacitance range in micro farads. -used in audio system to correct humming problem, in TV etc.

Paper capacitor - No polarity - General capacitance range in micro farads.

 Ceramic capacitor -no polarity -capacitance value is written on them. -general capacitance range in pF and kpF. -specification as 403 means 40,000 pF. - Suitable for radio frequency applications.

* Diodes

ring side - n

* Zener diode

Ring side- n Range available- 1.1 V to 180 V

Ratings as:- 6V2 or 6.2V means zener breakdown voltage is 6.2 V.

* Light Emitting Diode

* Transistor

* Multimeter

* Integrated Circuits

IC are generally classified by the number of transistors and other electronic components they contain.

# SSI (small scale integration)- up to 100 components per chip # MSI 100 to 3000 components per chip # LSI 3000 to 100000 # VLSI -100000 to 1000000 # ULSI more than 1 million

There are 2 major kind of ICs- analog which are generally used in oscillator, amplifier and timers. - digital which are used in microprocessors and memory.

Digital IC are numbered as 74_ _. For example:IC 7432 OR gate IC 7400 NAND gate IC 7408 AND gate IC 7404 NOT gate

 Pin

numbers

The pins are numbered anti-clockwise around the IC (chip) starting near the notch or dot. The diagram shows the numbering for 8-pin and 14-pin ICs, but the principle is the same for all sizes.