rdpäm'd|dESifYor®m'd|d 1

rdpäm'd|dESifY or®m'd|d

qif;&J'u k u© xGu&f yfukd vlwikd ;f vdv k m;onf/ þvdv k m;rIjynf&h ef

ud,k eYf nf;ud,
k [ Yf efjzifY vlwikd ;f BuKd ;pm;½ke;f uefaeMuonf/ odaYk omfvnf;
xGu&f yfaygufou l r½So d avmuf ½Sm;onf/
þodjYk zpf&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;rSm xGu&f yftrSeu f kd rodbJ xGuf
&yftrSm;udk trSe[ f ok rd yI if jzpfonf/þodrYk jzpf&ef rdpmä 'd|Ed iS Yf or®m'd|d
wd\
Yk teufrsm; rSeu f efzYkd avYvmMu&rnf/

rdpmä 'd|Ed iS o
Yf r®m'd|?d þpum;vk;H rsm;onf ygVdpum;vk;H rsm; jzpf
onf/ odaYk omfvnf; ,aeYtcgü jrefrmwdu Yk vnf; þpum;vk;H rsm;udk
þtwdik ;f yif ok;H EIe;f aeMuí jrefrmpum;vk;H tjzpf arG;,lNy;D ? jrefrmpum;
vkyfypfMuonf/

rdpäm'd|dESifYor®m'd|donf jrefrmvdkjyefí r&aom pum;vkH;rsm;

r[kw/f ]rSm;aomtjrifEiS Yf rSeaf omtjrif}-[lí jrefrmjyefí twdtus&
aom pum;vk;H rsm; jzpfonf/ okaYd omfvnf; jrefrmwdu Yk þpum;vk;H rsm;\
teufukd jrefrmjyefpum;vk;H xuf rl&if;pum;vk;H uom tav;teuf
azmfjyEdik o
f nf[k rSw, f Ml uNy;D ? jrefrmvdrk jyefbJ rl&if;twdik ;f yif ok;H pGMJ u
[ef ½So
d nf

þpum;vk;H rsm;onf bmomw&m;ok;H a0g[m&tjzpf xif½mS ;

aomfvnf; bmomw&m;r[kwaf om t&mtrsm;üvnf; qG, J o
l ;Hk pGMJ u
onf/ Edik if aH &; rdpmä 'd|çd or®m'd|?d tbd"r® rdpmä çor®m? odyyHÜ nm rdpmä 'd|çd

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2 rdpäm'd|dESifYor®m'd|d

or®m'd|?d pmay uAsm tEkynm rdpmä 'd|çd or®m'd|d tp½So

d nfwYkd jzpfonf/

rdpmä 'd|çd or®m'd|-d [lonf tb,fenf;¿ tjrifrmS ;? tjrifreS [

f l
onf tb,fenf;-[lvykd gonf/ þar;cGe;f \tajzonf b,ftcgurQ
nDnGwfatmif n§dr&aomtajz jzpfonf/ rdrd,lpGJonfudk or®m'd|d?
xdrk w
S jcm;udk rdpmä 'd|[d k jywfjywfom;om; ajymMuonf/ bmomw&m;ü
jzpfap? tjcm;t&mrsm;üjzpfap tm;vk;H yif þtwdik ;f jzpfonf/

þodYk rdpmä 'd|çd or®m'd|u d kd teufazmfMu&mü bmomw&m;r[kwf

aom t&mwdüYk teufazmfcsuo f nf rajymyavmufatmif tcsed t f cg
tavsmuf uGv J aJG omfvnf;? wpfcsed w f pfcgü wlno D mG ;Murnf jzpfonf/
rdpmä 'd|Ed iS Yf or®m'd|wd \Ykd rdpmä 'd|Ed iS o
Yf r®m'd|w
d Ykd trSejf zpfaMumif; odrYk [kwf
rSm;,Gi;f cJMY uaMumif;udk oufaoawGUMurnfaMumifY jzpfonf/

vlom;wpf&yfv;Hk trSejf rif-[k vufccH MYJ uaom t&mrsm;udk t

rSm;jrif-[k jyefvnfvufcMH uxk;H rsm; trsm;tjym;½Sad eonf/ Oyrmtjzpf
aeu urÇmudyk wfonfrS urÇmu aeudyk wfonf? tEkjrL cGrJ &rS tEkjrL
cGí
J &onf? tmPm½Sit f yk cf sKyaf &;rS 'Dru
kd a&pDtyk cf sKyaf &; tp½So
d nfwu
Ykd kd
ra&wGuEf ikd af tmif awGU&rnf jzpfonf/

xdkYaMumifY rdpäm'd|dçor®m'd|d teufaumuf&mü tcufqkH;onf

bmomw&m; jzpf&ef½o dS nf/ bmomw&m;wdu Yk aumuf,Ml uaom tjrif
rSm;çtjrifreS f teufonf vlwYkd oufaoxlEikd af omtcGiu Yf kd vGeaf om
aMumifY rnforYkd Q? rnfonft h cgrQ oufaorawGU&aomaMumifY jzpfonf/

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rdpäm'd|dESifYor®m'd|d 3

Oyrm c&pf,eS b f momw&m;\ rdpmä 'd|Ed iS Yf or®m'd|o d nf xm0&

bk&m; a,[d0k gudk trSerf ½dES iS Yf trSe½f [
dS k vufcjH cif;? vluzkd efqif;onfrmS
trSe?f tjcm;udt k rSm; ponfrsm; jzpfonf/ rlqvrefbmomw&m;"r®\
rdpäm'd|dESifYor®m'd|donf þenf;ESifESif jzpfonf/ tv’m[kt½Sifjrwf
trSerf ½SEd iS Yf trSe½f dS vufcjH cif; ponfukd rdpmä 'd|Ed iS o
Yf r®m'd|[
d k teuf
aumufonf/

[dEL´ bmomESiYf ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ mom "r®rsm;url owå0gwpfck

(Oyrm-vl)jzpfvmatmif twdwu f u
H ypfcsonf-[k cH,cl suo f nf or®m
'd|?d þodrYk [kwaf om cH,cl suo
f nf rdpmä 'd|?d þodYk teufaumufonf/

urÇmay: xif½mS ;aom þbmomBu;D av;ck\ w&m;"r®rsm;u

rdpmä 'd|Ed iS o
Yf r®m'd|d t&aumufonf vlwYkd oufaojyír&Edik &f mü wnf
aomaMumifY þteufreS çf rrSef ajymEdik jf cif; r½Sad wmYaom teufaumuf
jzpfonf/

þbmomBu;D av;ck\ w&m;"r®rsm;onf avmuudjk rifjyoGm;Mu

aom w&m;"r®rsm; jzpfonf/ odrYk [kwf vlEiS yYf wf0ef;usiu
f kd jrifjyoGm;
aom w&m;"r®rsm; jzpfonf/ xdx
Yk uf vd&k if;ususajym&vsif vlujkd rifjy
oGm;aom w&m;"r®jzpfonf [lownf;/

bmomw&m;rsm;u aumufjyaom rdpmä 'd|Ed iS Yf or®m'd|d t&

aumufrmS vlwrYkd jrifEikd af om tjrifrsm;jzpfonfrmS taotcsm jzpfonf/
vlrjrifEikd af om t&mrsm;udk þum;]rdpmä }? þum;]or®m}-[k vltrsm;tm;
tjrifcikd ;f jcif;onf tb,fenf;ESirYf Q vlrsm; tu,fjrifMurnf r[kw/f
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4 rdpäm'd|dESifYor®m'd|d

xdaYk MumifY rjrifEikd o

f nfukd tjrifcikd ;f jcif;jzpfí þtjrifrsm; tjrif
cdik ;f &jcif;\ &nf½, G cf suv f yk if ef;rsm; onf tu,f Ny;D ajrmuf jynfph vHk rd Yf
rnfr[kwf jzpfonf/

w&m;"r®rsm;onf rdpmä 'd|Ed iS o Yf r®m'd|u d kd vlwtYkd m; nTejf y&mü t

aMumif;rJY r[kw/f þrdpmä 'd|çd or®m'd|d cH,cl surf sm;jzifY vlY ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk
aumif;rIukd t&trd wnfaqmuf&ef jzpfonf/ rdpmä 'd|Ed iS o Yf r®m'd|o d nf
]tod}? ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk aumif;jcif;onf ]tusi}Yf jzpfonf/ odrYk [kwf
rdpmä 'd|Ed iS o
Yf r®m'd|o d nf ]'óe}? ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk aumif;rIonf ]bm0em}
jzpfonf/

w&m;"r®rsm;onf bm0emtwGuf 'óeudk jyMujcif; jzpfonf/

bm0emonf vlNY ird ;f csr;f rI\taMumif; jzpfonf/ xdaYk MumifY w&m;"r®rsm;
onf vlrsm; Nird ;f csr;f Mu&ef 'óeudk jyMujcif;vnf; jzpfonf/ urÇmavm
uBu;D Nird ;f csr;f &efrmS tod'óerSejf zifY tusib
Yf m0emudk jyKusi&Yf efrmS
r½Srd jzpf vdtk yfonf/

þodjYk zpfaomfvnf; w&m;"r®rsm;u &nf½, G af om vlrsm; odrYk

[kwf urÇmavmuBu;D Nird ;f csr;f Mu&efrmS tu,f jzpfMuvdrrYf nfr[kwf
jzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm w&m;"r®rsm;ujyoaom 'óeudk vlwYkd tu,f
rodMujcif;aMumifY jzpfonf/

xdaYk MumifY vlom;Nird ;f csr;f rI odrYk [kwu

f rÇmolurÇmom;wdYk Nird ;f csr;f
rI twGuf odrYk [kwf vlY usiBYf uyH mG ;rsm;p&m bm0emtwGuf 'óejzpf
aom ]rdpmä 'd|çd or®m'd|}d teufziG rYf sm;onf Nird ;f csr;f jcif;udk vdv
k m;&aumif;
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rdpäm'd|dESifYor®m'd|d 5

rSe;f odorl sm;twGuf ESpo

f rd rYf u
I kd ray;Edik af om rdpmä 'd|çd or®m'd|d t&rsm;
om jzpfonf/

tqk;H pGeNf ird ;f csr;f jcif;udk vdvk m;&aumif;rSe;f odorl sm;onf rdpmä 'd|d
ESio
Yf r®m'd|u
d kd atmufyg tcsuaf jcmufcsujf zifY tajccHí teufaumuf
vdrfYrnf-
(1) Nird ;f csr;f apzdYk rjzpfEikd -f [k rnfou l rQ tuJ&Y UJ cH&cGiYf r½Sjd cif;?
(2) rdpmä jzpfyEHk iS Yf or®mjzpfyu Hk u
kd kd ud,
k w
f idk f odjrifEikd cf iG Yf ½Sjd cif;?
(3) rdpmä uvnf; rdpmä tjzpf? or®muvnf; or®mtjzpf umv
twdu k t f pm; cH&cGiYf ½Sjd cif;?
(4) rdpmä ESio Yf r®mjzpfaMumif; olwyg; jyoí &½Sjd cif;?
(5) rdpmä ESio Yf r®m'óersm;u ay;aom bm0emudk vlrsm; usiYf
aqmifEdkifjcif;/
(6) rdpmä çor®m tjrif'óeaMumifY vufawGUNird ;f csr;f rI cHpm;&
jcif;/

vlt
Y qk;H pGef Nird ;f csr;f vGwaf jrmufro
I nf vl-Y tusiaYf umif;tusiYf
jrwfjzifo
Y m &,lEikd af omt&m jzpfonf/ þ tusiaYf umif;tusijYf rwf
onf tb,fenf;[laom tar;udk olwYkd þodYk ajzMurnf-

vlü tpdwf? tpk? trI-[lí þokH;ck½Sdonf/

½ky"f mwfemrf"mwfrsm;onf tpdw/f
t½d;k tom;çtausmESiYf ajc? vuf?acgif;?ud, k ?f vltjzpfonf tpk/
ud,k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk vIy½f mS ;rIrsm;onftrI? þok;H ck jzpfonf/

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6 rdpäm'd|dESifYor®m'd|d

þok;H ckü -
tpdww f &m;rsm;ESiYf tpkw&m;rsm;onf vl\ taumif;?tqd;k rsm;
udk rzefw;D Edik Mf u/ ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk trIrsm;onfom taumif;? tqd;k udk
zefw;D Edik af omt&m jzpfonf/
xdaYk MumifY vlt
Y usiaYf umif; tusijYf rwfonf vl½Y yk "f mwfemrf"mwf
rsm; r[kw/f vlt Y aoG;tom;ESiYf vlaumifBu;D vnf; r[kw/f
vlY-udk,fçEIwfçESvkH;\ rdrdçolwyg; ESpfOD;om;udk csrf;ajrUatmif
aqmifprG ;f Edik rf oI m jzpfonf/

ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk aumif;olonf tusit Yf BuaH umif;aom vl

aumif;-jzpfonf/
ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk raumif;olonf tusit Yf BurH aumif;aom vl
qdk;-jzpfonf/
]tusit Yf BuaH umif;jcif;}-onf vlom;\ tqk;H pGeNf ird ;f ? vGwf
ajrmufNird ;f csr;f &efü vTí J oGm;p&mr½Sad omvrf;vnf; jzpfonf/ wpfenf;
tm;jzifY urÇmolurÇmom; tqkH;pGefaom Nidrf;csrf;vGwfvyfrI&½Sd&efrSm
vl\ ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk aumif;jzifY jyKrçl ajymqdak exkid jf cif;rSví
JG tjcm;aom
vrf; a½G;cs,pf &mr½Sd [lvykd gonf/

xdaYk MumifY vlwYkd Nird ;f csr;f vGwaf jrmuf&eftwGuf usiBYf u?H yGm;rsm;?
tm;xkw&f rnfh bm0emonf ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk trIrsm; aumif;rGe&f efom
jzpfonf/ Nird ;f csr;f jcif;udk vdv k m;&aumif;rSef odorl sm;onf bm0emudk
þodYk odjrifMuonf/ xdaYk MumifY xdo k w l \
Ykd rdpmä 'd|Ed iS o
Yf r®m'd|d teufziG Yf
onf vlw\ Ydk ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk trIrsm; aumif;rGeaf &;ESiYf wpfpyfwnf;jzpf
atmif pyfaeonf/
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rdpäm'd|dESifYor®m'd|d 7

xdaYk MumifY xdo

k wl o Ykd nf ud,k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk aumif;rGeaf &;ESiYf rpyfaom
or®mtjrifçrdpmä tjrifrsm; onf vlNY ird ;f csr;f vGwv f yfa&;twGuf tusKd ;r½S?d
tusKd ;rJaY om tjrif'óersm;tjzpf jrifMuonf/
xdaYk MumifY olwo Ykd nf ]rdpmä 'd|Ed iS o Yf r®m'd|}d \ teufrsm;udk þodYk
azmfjyMuonf-
] þvlt Y jzpfuv kd eG í f jzpfrçI rjzpfrI tjrifEiS Yf þvlt Y jzpf
rsm; t[kwrf [kw[ f al omtjrifrsm;onf rdpmä 'd|(d tjrif
rSm;)jzpfonf/
þ-vlt Y jzpfuv kd eG í f jzpfrt I jrifukd oówrdpmä 'd|d
(qufjzpftjrifrmS ; )?rjzpfrt I jrifukd Oapä'rdpmä 'd|(d jywf
jzpftjrifrSm;)-[lí ynwfMuonf/
þtjzpfrsm;yif t[kwrf [kw-f [laomtjrifukd þt
jzpft[kwrf ½Sv d sif þtjzpfujyKaom trI(uH) r½S?d trI
(uH)\tusKd ; r½S?d trI(uH)\ taMumif;vnf; r½Sd jzpf
NyD; tBud,0g'? ew¬du0g'? ta[wku0g'-[laom?
ed,wrdpäm'd|d(NrJcdkifaomtjrifrSm;)-[líynwfMuonf}/

þ oówçOapä'rdpmä 'd|rd sm;onf tb,faY MumifY rdpmä 'd|(d tjrif

rSm;)trnf &Muoenf;-[k olwt Ykd m;ar;vsi-f
ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk trI(uH)rsm; aumif;rGeaf prItwGuf cRw,
f iG ;f ap
aomaMumif-Y [k ajzMuvdrrYf nf jzpf onf/ þ-a½SUb0çaemufb0 tjrif
rsm;onf arS;rSdefrIef0g;NyD; tu,f rjrif&aomtjrif jzpfaomaMumifY
ud,k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk aumif;rIukd wGe;f tm;ay;rI tu,fr½Sd jzpfonf/

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8 rdpäm'd|dESifYor®m'd|d

þ-ed,wrdpmä 'd|rd sm;onf tb,faY MumifY ed,wrdpmä 'd|rd sm; jzpf&

oenf;-[k ar;vsi-f
jyKo(l uwåm;)udk jiif;aomaMumif?Y jyKvyk rf EI iS Yf jyKvyk jf cif;\ tusKd ;?
jyKvyk jf cif;\taMumif;rsm; r&Edik jf zpfNy;D ? vlwu Ykd sio
Yf ;Hk &rnfh udk,fçEIwfç
ESv;Hk (uHo;Hk yg;) aumif;rIbm0emudk t"dygÜ ,fr½Sd jzpfaponf/ xdaYk MumifY
NrcJ ikd af omtjrifrmS ;(ed,wrdpmä 'd|)d rsm; jzpfonf-[k ajzMuvdrrYf nf jzpf
onf/
csKyí
f ajzvsif þ oówçOapä'ESiYf ed,wrdpmä 'd|rd sm;onf vlY
Nird ;f csr;f a&; (0g) urÇmolurÇmom;wd\ Yk Nird ;f csr;f vGwaf jrmufru I kd uzsuf
,zsuf vkyNf y;D ? vlukd rNird ;f csr;f çrvGwaf jrmufapaom todtjrifrsm;jzpf
aomaMumifY tjrifrmS ;t,lrmS ;(rdpmä 'd|)d rsm; jzpfonf-[k ajzMujcif;jzpf\/

]vlNY ird ;f csr;f rI}udk vdvk m;&aumif;rSe;f odow l o Ykd nf or®m'd|(d t,l
rSe)f udv
k nf; vlwYkd ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk aumif;rGeaf &;ESiYf wpfpyfwnf; qdak om
aMumifY xdo k w l \ Ykd or®m'd|d teufonf ½d;k pif; ½Si;f vif;onf/

raumif;aom odrYk [kwf qif;&Jaom ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk trI(uH)udk

]qif;&Jw&m;}-[lí vnf;aumif;?
raumif;rI odrYk [kwf qif;&JrüI taumif; xdpNJG iad omtmomudk
raumif;jzpfaMumif; ]qif;&JjzpfaMumif;w&m;} [lívnf;aumif;?
þtmomrsm; Nidrf;jcif;udk ]qif;&JNidrf;jcif;w&m;} odkYr[kwf
raumif;rINidrf;jcif; [lívnf;aumif;?
aumif;rGeaf om odrYk [kwf csr;f omaom ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk rsm;onf
]qif;&JNird ;f &ef yGm;rsm;&rnfw
h &m;} [lívnf;aumif;/
þokYd trSejf rifrsm;onf ]or®m'd|t d jrif}rsm; jzpfonf/
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rdpäm'd|dESifYor®m'd|d 9

xdaYk MumifY Nird ;f csr;f rIukd vdvk m;&aumif;aom olw\ Ykd ]rdpmä 'd|Ed iS Yf
or®m'd|}d tjrifonf-
(1) rnfow l pfO;D wpfa,mufurQ rSm;onf-[k tuJ&Y UJ jyKciG rYf ½Sd
aom tjrif jzpfonf/
(2) vlwu Ykd ,kd wf ikd f odciG çYf jrifciG ½Yf adS om tjrifvnf; jzpfonf/
(3) umvtwdu k t f pm;udv k eG af om tjrifvnf; jzpfonf/
(4) olwyg;tm; jyí&aom tjrifvnf; jzpfonf/
(5) vlY ud, k çf EIwçf ESv;Hk aumif;rIukd aqmifEikd af paom tjrifvnf;
jzpfonf/
(6) vufawGU Nird ;f csr;f rIçvGwaf jrmufru I kd &½SEd ikd af om tjrifvnf;
jzpfonf/

xdaYk MumifY rdpmä 'd|çd or®m'd|}d t&aumufteuf wifjyMurI ork'&´ m

tMum;ü þ- vlom;Nird ;f csr;f rI (0g) urÇmolurÇmom;rsm; Nird cf sr;f rIukd
vdv
k m;&aumif;rSe;f odow l \ Ykd t&aumufonf twdik ;f tqr½Sd vSyaom
t&aumuf jzpfonf/

tvkyv f yk Mf u&mü tcsKd Utvkyo f nf b0ESicYf sí

D av;eufrI ½Sad v
onf/ b0ay;í jyKMu&onf [lvykd gonf/ tvkyo f nf b,frQBuKd ;pm;
&onfjzpfap? rBuKd ;pm;&onfjzpfap ]tjrifrSe}f rS tbd;k wefayrnf/
xdaYk MumifY tjrifreS çf tjrifrmS ; tav;xm;í cGjJ cm;Edik Mf u&ef BuKd ;
pm;tyfvyS gownf;/ /

aAm"d ÓP
(þpm rlacsmul;NyD;csdef +5?2?1365-5?5?2003-09;30em&D)

aAm"d ÓP
10 rdpäm'd|dESifYor®m'd|d

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