THEORY OF MACHINES AND MECHANISNMS I LAB MANUAL EXPERIMENT NO.

2 TITLE : RADIUS OF GYRATION BY BIFILAR SUSPENSION METHOD AIM: To determine the radius of gyration of given bar using bifilar suspension method.

APPARATUS USED: Uniform steel bar, cylindrical weights, stop watch. DESCRIPTION SET UP Fig 1 shows the general arrangement for carrying out experiment. A uniform rectangular section bar is suspended from support frame by two parallel cords. Two small chucks fitted in the frame and other ends secured in bifilar bar. Ends of these cords pass through a chuck so as to facilitate for change in length of the cord it is possible to adjust length of chord by loosening the chuck. The suspension may also be used to determine radius of gyration of any body, In this case the body under investigation is bolted to the center. Radius of gyration of combined bar and body is then determined. 1) Suspend the bar from chuck and adjust length of chord L conveniently note the suspension length of each cord must be same. 2) Allow the bar to oscillate about the vertical axis passing through center of gravity and measure periodic time T by knowing time for 20 oscillations. 3) Repeat the experiment by mounting the weights one equal distance from the center. Consider bar AB whose moment of inertia is to be determine is suspended by two parallel strings as shown in figure 2. Let, L m K I 2r T = length of each string. = mass of bar. = radius of gyration about the vertical axis through G. = mass moment of inertia about the vertical axis through G. = distance between two strings = tension in each string = angle of twist of bar. = angle of twist of string = angular accelaration of the bar.

PROCEDURE

THEORY

Initial position of bar is AGB. Now, if bar is set gently in vibration in horizontal plane, it will start oscillating about vertical axis through its mass center G. when bar is twisted about its C.G, through an angle , bar is in position AGB as shown. When bar is getting as angular displacement, then string is getting as angular displacement about vertical, distance moved by point A is arc AA

arc AA = r =L = r L

( 1)

PIMPRI CHINCHWAD COLLEGE OF ENGG. MECHANICAL ENGG DEPT

THEORY OF MACHINES AND MECHANISNMS I LAB MANUAL EXPERIMENT NO. 2 TITLE : RADIUS OF GYRATION BY BIFILAR SUSPENSION METHOD now tension in each string is

T = mg 2

(2)

For twisted position, tension T gives rise to the component T sin which Acts at A and B normal to AB in horizontal plane. It applies moment of bar about vertical axis through G which is of magnitude 2 T sin r Now , Acceleration torque = IG

= (m k2)

Restoring torque = 2 T sin . r

= As, T = m g 2
Restoring torque =m g r Substituting (1) in (4)

2 m g sin . R 2 =

from (2)

and sin

(for value of small )

Restoring torque = m g ( r ) r

L
= m g r2

L
For static equilibrium of rigid body at any instant, (Accelerating torque) = (restoring torque)

(m k2 ) Angular acceleration Angular displacement = r2 k2

= m g .r2 L g L =

constant

= r2 k2

g L

constant

Hence, motion of bar is approximately S. H.M Therefore, frequency of Oscillation of bifilar suspension is given by

fn =

g r2

PIMPRI CHINCHWAD COLLEGE OF ENGG. MECHANICAL ENGG DEPT

THEORY OF MACHINES AND MECHANISNMS I LAB MANUAL EXPERIMENT NO. 2 TITLE : RADIUS OF GYRATION BY BIFILAR SUSPENSION METHOD

2 fn = 1 2 where, fn g k r, l = = = =

L k2 r k m/s2 m m 1 fn k r L g g L

cycles/sec

The periodic time T =

Tp

OBSERVATIONS: 1) Length of strings 2) Distance between C. G of bar and point of suspension 3) Distance between C.G of cylinder and C.G of bar 4) Length of bar 5) Mass of bar 6) Cylindrical masses For rectangular bar : Sr. No. T1 Time taken for 20 oscillations T2 T3 Avg. T(sec) Time Period L1 mb mc = = = = = L = = r =

Tp = Tp 20

To calculate radius of gyration

Tp

k r

L g

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THEORY OF MACHINES AND MECHANISNMS I LAB MANUAL EXPERIMENT NO. 2 TITLE : RADIUS OF GYRATION BY BIFILAR SUSPENSION METHOD

Kbar

Tp .r 2

g L

To calculate mass moment of inertia, I

Ibar
Theoretically,

mb kbar2

Ibar

mb kbar2= mb L1 2 / 12

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS For combined body i.e (bar + cylinder)

Sr. No. T1 Time taken for 20 oscillations T2 T3 Avg. T(sec) Time Period

Tp = Tp 20

To calculate radius of gyration K2

To calculate M.I of combined body

Tp .r 2

g L (m2) (k2)2 = (mb + 2mc) (k22)

I2
Calculations for cylinder: To calculate radius of gyration

Since, radius of gyration of each cylinder is kc about it own C.G, then mass M.I of Bar and cylinder about axis of oscillation is given by

I2

= =

mb kb2 + 2 [ mc kc2 + mc (r2) ] [ by parallel axis theorem ] mb kb2 + 2 [ mc ( kc2 + r2 )

To calculate M. I of cylinder,

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THEORY OF MACHINES AND MECHANISNMS I LAB MANUAL EXPERIMENT NO. 2 TITLE : RADIUS OF GYRATION BY BIFILAR SUSPENSION METHOD

I =mc kc2
Theoretically, for cylinder,

I =mc kc2 RESULT

m r2 2

Radius of gyration Component Theo (m) Rectangular bar Rectangular bar with cylindrical weights Expt (m)

Mass moment of inertia Theor (kgm2) Expt (kgm2)

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION:

PIMPRI CHINCHWAD COLLEGE OF ENGG. MECHANICAL ENGG DEPT

THEORY OF MACHINES AND MECHANISNMS I LAB MANUAL EXPERIMENT NO. 2 TITLE : RADIUS OF GYRATION BY BIFILAR SUSPENSION METHOD

1. The suspension of bar is bifilar which performs S.H.M. 2. Bifilar suspension can be used to determine radius of gyration of machine parts having complete regular geometrical shapes 3. Difference in the theoretical values and Experimental values is due to manual error in time measurement.

PIMPRI CHINCHWAD COLLEGE OF ENGG. MECHANICAL ENGG DEPT