Th no l cng NCKH?

Chng 3: PHNG PHP XY DNG CNG NGHIN CU KHOA HC

L bn m t thit k, k hoch v kinh ph ca mt ch nghin cu (This describes the design, schedule and budget for conducting a research project) Hay L bn m t chi tit ca mt ch nghin cu nhm nh gi mt vn no (A detailed description of a proposed study designed to investigate a given problem)
KHOA THY SN
College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

CU TRC CHNG
1. Th no l cng NCKH? 2. Phn loi cng NCKH? 3. PP xy dng cu hi nghin cu (t cu hi, gi thuyt,) 4. cng tng qut 5. cng chi tit

Phn loi cng NCKH?

C 2 loi cng NCKH cng tng qut (project concept hay concept notes): l cng th hin tng nghin cu cng chi tit (research project proposal): l cng thc hin cng vic
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KHOA THY SN

College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

PP xy dng cu hi nghin cu
Th no l cu hi nghin cu? L cu hi m chng ta c th tr li thng qua thu thp v phn tch s liu.
t cu hi:
L ngh thut hnh thnh cu trc gi thuyt v d on kt qu KHOA THY SN

Th no l gi thuyt?
Gi thuyt l mt s gii thch phng on s b v mt quan st, mt hin trng hay mt vn khoa hc m c th nghin cu (test) bng nhng quan st su hn, nhng iu tra, hay php th nghim. Hnh thnh mt gi thuyt tt s:
Tp trung c suy ngh v nh hnh nghin cu ng Trnh mt thi gian nghin cu/quan st Gim chi ph khi nghin cu Gim mu vt khi nghin cu

Quan st (Observation) Cu hi (Question) Gi thuyt (Hypothesis

D on kt qu (Prediction)
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College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

Cu hi NC c t u?
number of individuals in the sample

50 40 30 20

Unpolluted control site

S t m ham hiu bit (Curiosity) s mong mun tm hiu, v d: ti sao v nh th no m mt thc vt hay ng vt hot ng c?. Quan st v tnh/ngu nhin (Casual observation) quan st tp tnh ca 1 ng vt ngoi t nhin hay nui nht, hay quan st s khng bnh thng cu trc m t bo. Quan st tm hiu (Exploratory observations) quan st nhm tm hiu mt vn no . Cc nghin cu trc (Previous studies) quan st c c l xut pht t cc nghin cu/kho st trc thng qua vic tm hiu mt vn khc hay/v quan st t vn khc m c trong ti liu tham kho. V d: Nhn xt cc hnh a ra cu hi nghin cu v gi thuyt

10 0 50 40 30 20 10 0 50 40 30 20 10 0

Heavy metal polluted site

Organophosphate polluted site

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College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

KHOA THY SN

College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

Species

50 40 30 20

Unpolluted control site

TOTAL NUMBER OF SPECIES 8

Quan st:. S loi trong mi trng b nhim t hn mi trng khng b nhim.

CNG TNG QUT Cu trc:

KHOA THY SN

number of individuals in the sample

10 0 50 40 30 20 10 0 50 40 30 20 10 0

Gi thuyt (GT) chung

Heavy metal polluted site

TOTAL NUMBER OF SPECIES 6

GT 1. nhim lm gim tnh a dng ca sinh vt trong mi trng. D on 1. Khi lm nhim mi trng c nhiu loi sinh vt ang sinh sng th s loi trong mi trng gim.

Organophosphate polluted site

TOTAL NUMBER OF SPECIES 4

Gi thuyt c th
GT 2. Cht gy nhim th c i vi nhng sinh vt bin mt trong mi trng b nhim.

Species

D an 2. Nhng SV (bin mt) c th b cht nhiu hn khi tip xc vi cht c.

Tn ti Ngi ch tr/phi hp Gii thiu Mc tiu Ni dung nghin cu Kt qu mong i K hoch thc hin D ton kinh ph

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College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

50 40 30 20

Unpolluted control site

TOTAL NUMBER OF SPECIES 8

Thng tin b sung xc nh gi thuyt c th Quan st. Vt cht hu c cao trong mi trng b nhim.

CNG TNG QUT

1.Tn ti (title)
Ngn gn, th hin c mc tiu, ni dung v kt qu k vng T quan trng t trc, trnh t tha Da vo quan st v gi thuyt t tn ti

number of individuals in the sample

10 0 50 40 30 20 10 0 50 40 30 20 10 0

Heavy metal polluted site

TOTAL NUMBER OF SPECIES 6

Samples contain some organic material

Organophosphate polluted site

GT: Cht c (cht gy nhim) nh hng i vi 1 s loi giun/sn. D on: Nhng loi bin mt trong mi trng b nhim c l l nhng loi phn b nhiu mi trng c mc ph dng nht nh (thp).

2.Ngi ch tr/phi hp
Tn ngi ch tr (ch nhim ti) Tn ngi phi hp thc hin ti

TOTAL NUMBER OF SPECIES 4

Samples contain a lot of organic material

A B C E F G H J

3.Gii thiu/t vn (Introduction)

Nu nhng vn chnh lin quan n ch qua lc kho ti liu c lin quan. Nu ln c nhu cu cn thit ca ti gip ngi c hiu c ti sao phi nghin cu ny.
KHOA THY SN
College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

Species

KHOA THY SN

College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

 CNG TNG QUT

4. Mc tiu
Mc tiu tng qut (mc tiu lu di) (long-term objectives): nhng iu m ti sau khi thc hin s ng gp cho mt mc tiu ln. Mc tiu c th (mc tiu trc mt, mc tiu ngn hn) (specific objectives): l iu m ti s t c sau khi trin khai nghin cu. Khi vit mc tiu trnh dng cc t ch hnh ng u cu (vd: iu tra, kho st, nh gi,) Ni dung (Activities): gip ngi c hnh dung khi lng cng vic ca ti v xem xt c ph hp vi mc tiu v tn ti khng? Lit k cc ni dung m ti d kin s tin hnh, lu ch nu nhng ni dung chnh m ch cn nu c th tng th nghim ca nghin cu

Bi tp
1. 2. 3. 4. t tn ti NCKH: 3 tn/sinh vin t tn + t vn t tn + mc tiu c th ca ti t tn + ni dung nghin cu ca ti

5.

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College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

KHOA THY SN

College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

CNG TNG QUT

6. Kt qu mong i (Expected outcomes/results)
Lit k nhng kt qu c th m ti mng i s t c (so vi mc tiu th kt qu mong i c tnh c th hn)

CNG CHI TiT

Cu trc cng gm: Tn ti Ngi ch tr/phi hp Gii thiu
Gii thiu chung Mc tiu v gi thuyt Ni dung nghin cu Kt qu mong i

7. K hoch thc hin (Plan)

Nu tng qut k hoch thi gian ca ti ( thy tin v tnh kh thi). C th trnh by dng s trnh by, nn nu k hoch theo cc ni dung nghin cu ca ti.

8. D ton kinh ph (Estimated costs)

Nu cc mc kinh ph chnh (cha cn tnh ton chi tit), c th c mu hng dn km theo.

9. Ti liu tham kho (References)

Lit k tt c TLTK dng vit cng
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College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

KHOA THY SN

Lc kho ti liu Phng php nghin cu K hoch thc hin D ton kinh ph Ti liu tham kho

College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

 CNG CHI TIT

1.Tn ti (title)
Ging nh cch t tn ti nghin cu tng qut

CNG CHI TIT

3. Gii thiu/t vn (Introduction) (tt)
Kt qu mong i: lit k cc kt qu c th m ti k vng s t c sau khi thc hin nghin cu. V d:
Xc nh c cc nguyn nhn gy ra s bin ng v gi mua c tra v tm s BSCL trong nm 2007 HAY Xc nh c nguyn nhn gy ra bnh trng ui tm cng xanh sau khi ti kt thc.

2.Ngi ch tr/phi hp
Tn ch nhim ti Tn CB phi hp

3.Gii thiu/t vn (Introduction)

Gii thiu chung: ging nh cch vit gii thiu ca cng tng qut vi 2 :
Gii thiu ngn gn cc vn lin quan n n ti Ni c tnh cp thit hay ti sao chn ti ny

Mc tiu ca ti:
Mc tiu tng qut v mc tiu c th (nhng ti nh c th khng cn nu mc tiu tng qut). V d: nhm bit c hay hiu c s nh hng ca vic s dng ha cht n sc khe c tra nui trong ao KHOA THY SN
College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

KHOA THY SN

College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

CNG CHI TIT

3.

CNG CHI TIT

4.

Gii thiu/t vn (Introduction) (tt)

Kt qu mong i: gi thuyt l iu m ti t ra thc hin nghin cu nhm chng minh iu nu ra l ng hay sai chp nhn hay bt b gi thuyt t ra. V d:
Cho c nhiu ln trong nm s khng nh hng cht lng c bt sinh ra? S gia tng li sut ngn hng khng lm nh hng n hiu qu sn xut ca ngi nui c tra v tm s.

Lc kho ti liu
Vit thnh mt phn c lp (ngoi tr mt vi trng hp ring l mt hay hai on vn trong phn t vn ). V d nh cc ti nghin cu ln, cng LVTN i hc, cao hc, nghin cu sinh,.... Lc kho ti liu c ngha quan trng v gip ngi c v ngi thc hin hiu c nhng vn lin ti c nghin cu k c ni dung v phng php. Lc kho (lu l lc kho ch khng phi chp li) cc thng tin t TLTK c, vit xc tch lm ni bc c vn nghin cu. .

Ni dung nghin cu: lit k cc ni dung chnh m ti s thc hin ch cha cn chi tit ha ni dung s nghin cu. V d:
Phn tch s bin ng li sut ca ngn hng trong nm 2007 (khng cn nu r l cch thu thp s liu nh th no?) hay Xc nh tc nhn gy ra bnh trng ui trn tm cng xanh (khng cn ni r l phng php lm nh th no?)

KHOA THY SN

KHOA THY SN

College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

 CNG CHI TIT

5. Phng php nghin cu (PPNC)
Phn quan trng nht ca cng, PP NC ng s to s chnh xc v lng tin ca ngi c vi kt qu nghin cu. PPNC phi c vit chi tit, lm sao c th c hiu v trin khai c cng vic. V d:
Th nghim: m t tng th nghim nh s nghim thc, s ln lp li, dng c, mu vt, vt t ha cht, iu kin th nghim, chm sc v qu l, cch ly mu (s lng, s ln, mc chnh xc ca dng c s dng,.... ), ch s v cng thc tnh ton, iu tra phng vn: s mu iu tra, cch chn mu, a im chn iu tra, chun b v th biu mu, tp hun v biu mu, phng php x l s liu (ch s v cng thc tnh, phn mm s dng, ) iu tra thu mu hin trng: xc nh im thu mu, thi gian thu, dng c thu, cch bo qun mu, phng php phn tch, KHOA THY SN
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Phng php xy dng cng lun vn tt nghip

Trang ba Mc lc Ni dung
Gii thiu
Gii thiu chung Mc tiu Gi thuyt (nu c) Ni dung nghin cu Thi gian thc hin

PP nghin cu
Vt liu NC Phng php nghin cu Phng php tnh ton v x l s liu

Tng quan hay lc kho ti liu

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College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

K hoch thc hin Lc kho ti liu D ton kinh ph

CNG CHI TIT

6. K hoch thc hin
Nu r lch thi gian cho tng cng vic c th (k c x l s liu v vit bo co) (chi tit hn so vi cng tng qut) Nn dng s th hin

Trang ba
TRNG I HC CN TH KHOA THU SN (c ch 13, in m)

NGUYN VN A (c ch 13, in m ) NH HNG CA THC N LN . . (c ch 16, in m)

7. Kinh ph
Tnh ton chi tit cho tng mc chi nh cng lao ng (lng), vt t ha cht, my mc thit b, thu mn chuyn mn, hc bng, hc ph, (c hng dn theo ngi ti tr kinh ph)

CNG LUN VN TT NGHIP CAO HC NGNH (c ch 13, in m)

8. Ti liu tham kho

Lit k tt c TLTK dng vit cng
KHOA THY SN KHOA THY SN
2005 (c ch 13)

College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

Ni dung
1. Gii thiu (khng qu 2 trang)
Gii thiu chung
Trnh by tng qut v tm quan trng hay s cn thit ca ti hay ni khc i l v sao phi tin hnh ti nghin cu ny) (t 2/3-1 trang)

Ni dung
3. Phng php nghin cu (y l phn chnh nht ca
cng v th cn phi c vit chi tit v cn thn)

Vt liu nghin cu
Lit k nhng vt liu chnh dng lm nghin cu (vd: mu vt, ha cht, dng c th nghim,.. )

Mc tiu
Ch trnh by mc tiu c th ( ti thc hin nhm t c mc tiu v th l g?

Phng php nghin cu

Trnh by chi tit cc phng php nghin cu p dng

Gi thuyt (nu c) Ni dung ca ti

Nu cc ni dung chnh ca ti (khong 2-3 ni dung m ti d kin thc hin) qua cc chm u dng hay nh s

Phng php thu thp, tnh ton v x l s liu:

Trnh by phng php thu v phn tch cc ch tiu (thng s) cn theo di trong qu trnh nghin cu cng nh phng php x l s liu,... XEM LI PHN VIT CNG NGHIN CU CHI TIT KHOA THY SN

Thi gian thc hin

KHOA THY SN Ghi t thng no n thng no?
College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

Ni dung
2. Lc kho hay tng quan ti liu (t 5-7 trang)
L ni dung quan trng ca cng Lc kho c cc ti liu lin quan n ch ca lun vn (v ni dung v phng php) lm c s cho vic thit k ni dung v PPNC. S dng ti liu tham kho (TLTK) cp nht, vit c tnh phn tch v tng hp ch khng phi lm tm tt kt qu ca cc nghin cu trc thng qua TLTK. Vit phi c minh chng (km theo tc gi ti liu tham kho). Khng vit tch ring phn ting vit v ting nc ngoi m vit tng hp theo ni dung lc kho Khng nn chp t cc lun vn khc m cn tm ti liu gc nghin cu.
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College of Aquaculture & Fisheries

Ni dung
3. K hoch thc hin: ghi c th thi gian thc hin cho
tng cng vic, c th trnh by dng s . V d:
TT Ni dung cng vic 1 1 2 a b 3 4 5 Ni dung nghin cu 1 Ni dung cng vic 2 Th nghim v . Th nghim v . Phn tch v x l s liu Vit bo co 2 Thng th 3 4 5 6

4. Kinh ph (c hng dn ring) 5. Ti liu tham kho (lit k TLTK dng vit cng) 6. Ph lc (nu c: v d nh bng cu hi iu tra)
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College of Aquaculture & Fisheries