TNG QUAN CHUNG V H THNG BO HIU S 7 Chng 1: Tng quan chung v bo hiu.

Bo hiu l chc nng dng iu khin, thit lp v gim st cuc gi. Thng thng tn hiu bo hiu c chia lm hai loi: Tn hiu bo hiu mch vng thu bao v Tn hiu bo hiu gia cc tng i. Tn hiu bo hiu gia cc tng i li c chia thnh Tn hiu bo hiu knh lin kt v Tn hiu bo hiu knh chung.

1.1 Bo hiu knh lin kt CAS (Channel Associated Signalling).

Trong thi k u tin ca mng vin thng, cc phng thc bo hiu b hn ch bi v chng s dng cng mt lin kt cho ng thi c bo hiu v thoi. H thng in thoi lc by gi l h thng tng t v ch c mt s lng hn ch cc tn hiu bo hiu c biu din. Cc ch bo hiu truyn thng c s dng nh : Ch bo hiu DC : ch bo hiu ny dng dng mt chiu bo hiu ti u cui xa. M bo hiu c thnh lp da vo hng v thi gian tn ti ca ca dng in trong mch vng thu bao. Ch bo hiu trong bng : ch bo hiu ny s dng cc tn s (Tone) thay cho cc tn hiu mt chiu. Cc tn s ny c th l n tn ST (Single Tone), a tn MF (Multi Frequency), hoc cp tn a tn DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency). Cc tn s trn u nm trong bng tn ca knh thoi (0kHz 4kHz), v c truyn i trn cng mt knh truyn vi tn hiu thoi. V vy, c th xy ra trng hp tn s ca tn hiu thoi trng vi tn s bo hiu gy ra li bo hiu sai. Ch bo hiu ngoi bng : ch bo hiu ny c p dng cho nhng h thng tng t khng s dng ton b bng tn (0kHz 4kHz) cho knh thoi (ch dng bng tn 0kHz 3,6kHz). Khi cc tn s nm

trong khong (3,6kHz 4kHz) c s dng cho mc ch bo hiu v nh vy cc tn s tn hiu thoi khng nh hng n cc tn hiu bo hiu. Cc tn hiu bo hiu tuy nm ngoi bng thoi nhng chng cng c truyn trn cng mt knh truyn vi tn hiu thoi. Ch bo hiu s : Khi cc trung k s bt u c s dng ph bin th cc bit bo hiu c s dng trong cc trung k s. Bit bo hiu c chn vo chui bit tn hiu thoi m khng lm nh hng n cht lng thoi. Mt bit trong khung thoi b ly ra khi khung thoi v thay vo l bit bo hiu. Bo hiu s khng s dng cc bn tin v cc giao thc da trn bn tin cho mc ch bo hiu. iu ny hn ch s lng cc tn hiu bo hiu c th c biu din.

1.2 Ch bo hiu kng chung.

Chu u bt u thc hin s ho mng thoi vo u nhng nm 1960. Bc i u tin l a tn hiu bo hiu ra khi mng thoi v t chng vo mt mng ring. Bng cch ny th tc thit lp v hu b cuc gi cho mi cuc thoi nhanh hn so vi cc phng thc bo hiu truyn thng. H thng bo hiu knh chung ny m ng cho vic thc hin cc dch v mi m cc h thng bo hiu trc kh c th thc hin c. H thng bo hiu knh chung s dng cc phng tin truyn dn s. Mt knh truyn dn s c th mang thng tin bo hiu cho hng nghn cuc gi. Cc tn hiu bo hiu c t trong nhng khe thi gian tch bit vi knh thoi hoc d liu. Phng thc bo hiu knh chung s dng cc bn tin v cc giao thc da trn cc bn tin nn c th cung cp mt s lng ln cc tn hiu bo hiu. Thm ch cc thng tin thu thp t cc c s d liu xa c th c truyn gia cc thc th ca mng bo hiu knh chung. Hin nay c hai chun bo hiu knh chung khc nhau: H thng th nht l h thng bo hiu knh chung s 6 ca CCITT. N c a ra vo u nhng nm 1968 v c s dng cho cc ng dy tng t cho lu lng quc t.

H thng th hai l h thng bo hiu s 7 ca CCITT. N c a ra vo nm 1980 v c s dng cho cc mng s quc gia v quc t. Ngoi ra n cng c th c s dng cho cc ng dy tng t. 1.3 Cc u im ca bo hiu s 7: Dung lng cao: Mi knh bo hiu c th mang thng tin bo hiu cho vi nghn cuc gi cng mt lc. Thi gian thit lp cuc gi gim. Tnh kinh t : so vi cc bo hiu truyn thng trc y ( CAS, R2..) th SS7 c s lng trang thit b t hn. tin cy cao: nh s dng cc m sa sai (s dng cc t hp bit pht hin li, gim st v sa li cho cc bn tin bo hiu), khi xy ra s c chc nng MTP-lp 3 cn c kh nng t ng nh li tuyn v ng bo hiu. Tnh linh hot cao: H thng bo hiu s 7 cho php biu din mt s lng rt ln cc tn hiu bo hiu v vy c th s dng cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau v p ng c s pht trin ca cc dch v mi trong tng lai.

Chng 2: Tng quan v mng bo hiu s 7

2.1 Mng bo hiu SS7.
Trong SS7, cc bn tin bo hiu c nh hng qua mng thc hin cc chc nng thit lp, duy tr, gii phng cuc gi v qun l mng. V SS7 thc cht l mt mng chuyn mch gi ring bit hot ng song song cng vi h thng tn hiu thoi, do vy trong mng vin thng c s dng SS7 th ti mi node mng, cc thng tin c nh tuyn, x l lun bao gm c tn hiu thoi (hoc s liu...) v tn hiu bo hiu.

2.2 Cc thnh phn c bn ca mng SS7.

2.2.1 im bo hiu SP (Signaling Point). im bo hiu l mt node chuyn mch hoc mt node x l trong mng bo hiu c ci t chc nng bo hiu s 7. V d trong mng GSM th cc SP y thc cht l cc node (phn t mng) nh: GMSC, MSC, HLR, AUC... ngoi ra, SP cn c nh ngha nh l mt im kt cui bo hiu, c kh nng x l cc bn tin bo hiu c lin quan. Mi im bo hiu trong mng bo hiu u c mt a ch xc nh gi l m im bo hiu. Do trong mi bn tin bo hiu bao gm m im gc v m im ch. M im bo hiu ph thuc vo cc chun khc nhau: 14 bit theo chun ca ITU-T, 16 bit theo chun ca Nht Bn v 24 bit theo chun ca Trung Quc. C 3 loi im bo hiu trong mng bo hiu SS7: -im chuyn mch dch v SSP (Service Switching Point). -im chuyn giao bo hiu STP (Signal Tranfer Point). -im iu khin dch v SCP (Service Control Point). A/im chuyn mch dch v SSP. SSP l mt tng i ni ht trong mng in thoi. Mt SSP c th l mt t hp gia mt chuyn mch thoi v chuyn mch SS7 hoc n gin ch l mt my tnh ni ti cc chuyn mch ca tng i ni ht. SSP cung cp cc chc nng giao tip vi tng i ni ht. N phi bin i cc

tn hiu bo hiu t chuyn mch thoi thnh cc bn tin bo hiu SS7. Sau , cc bn tin ny c truyn ti cc tng i khc qua mng bo hiu SS7. Trong trng hp truy nhp vo cc c s d liu, SSP s gi cc truy vn c s d liu ti h thng x l v lu tr d liu qua mng bo hiu SS7. B/im chuyn giao bo hiu STP. Tt c cc gi chuyn t SSP ny sang SSP khc thng qua dch v ca STP. STP chuyn mch cc bn tin SS7 qua mng ti ch n thch hp ca chng nguyn dng nh khi chng c truyn ra khi SSP. Cc STP c chia ra lm 3 mc : -STP quc gia (National STP) -STP quc t (International STP) -STP cng (Gateway STP) STP quc gia : Cc STP quc gia tn ti trong mng ca mt quc gia v c kh nng chuyn giao cc bn tin s dng cng mt giao thc chun ca quc gia. Trn thc t cc bn tin c th phi truyn qua mc STP khc, v d nh STP quc t. Cc STP quc gia khng c kh nng chuyn i bn tin sang mt phin bn hay mt nh dng khc. V vy c th chuyn bn tin t STP quc gia sang STP quc t cn phi c cc giao thc chuyn i chuyn i t chun quc gia sang chun quc t. STP quc t : Cc STP quc t c chc nng tng t nh cc STP quc gia nhng chng c s dng cho mng quc t. Mng quc t cung cp cc kt ni gia tt c cc nc s dng giao thc SS7 theo chun ITU-T. STP cng : Cc STP cng cung cp cc giao thc chuyn i t mt chun quc gia sang chun quc t ITU-T v mt vi chun quc gia khc. STP cng phi c kh nng hot ng trn c hai chun quc gia v chun quc t. STP cng l mt giao din truy nhp vo mt mng khc. S khc nhau ch yu gia chun quc t v chun quc gia l trong nh a ch v chc nng qun l mng. Mt chc nng khc ca STP l nh tuyn ti cc trung tm c s d liu.

C/im iu khin dch v SCP. im iu khin dch v ng vai tr l mt giao tip n c s d liu ca mng. Cc c s d liu ny dng cha cc thng tin v cc dch v ca thu bao, nh tuyn cho cc s liu c bit, xc nh ID. 2.2.2 Cc lin kt d liu bo hiu. Mt im bo hiu SP trong mng bo hiu SS7 c ni ti mt im bo hiu SP khc thng qua cc lin kt bo hiu SL (Signalling). Mi mt lin kt bo hiu s dng mt cp ng truyn thc hin truyn dn theo c hai hng pht v thu trn cng mt tc . Da vo mi quan h gia lin kt v thc th m lin kt ny phc v m chia ra lm ba loi lin kt bo hiu : A/Bo hiu knh lin kt (Associated Signalling). Trong phng thc bo hiu knh lin kt, cc bn tin bo hiu c truyn trc tip gia hai im bo hiu cn k nhau thng qua mt kt ni trc tip gia hai im bo hiu ny.

Hnh 2.2: Bo hiu knh lin kt. B/Bo hiu khng lin kt (Non-Associated Signalling). Trong phng thc bo hiu khng lin kt, cc bn tin bo hiu gia hai im bo hiu c trao i qua mt hay nhiu im bo hiu khc vi hai im bo hiu ngun v bo hiu ch.

Hnh 2.3: Bo hiu khng lin kt.

C/Bo hiu ta lin kt (Quasi-Associated Signalling). Phng thc bo hiu ta lin kt cng ging nh phng thc bo hiu khng lin kt nhng phng thc ny s dng ng dn c s lng node bo hiu trung gian nh nht kt ni ti ch n. Trong h thng bo hiu SS7, phng thc bo hiu ta lin kt l phng thc bo hiu ph bin nht.

Hnh 2.4: Bo hiu ta lin kt. 2.2.3 Chm lin kt bo hiu (Link Set). Cc lin kt c nhm li thnh chm lin kt bo hiu. Tt c cc lin kt trong chm bo hiu phi c ni n cng mt nt cn k. Mt chm lin kt c ti a 16 lin kt. 2.2.4 Tuyn bo hiu (Signalling Route). Mt tuyn bo hiu l mt tp hp gm cc im bo hiu v cc chm lin kt bo hiu. Mt chm lin kt bo hiu c th thuc v mt hoc nhiu tuyn bo hiu. Mt tp hp cc tuyn bo hiu c gi l chm tuyn bo hiu. Khi mt bn tin bo hiu gi t node ny ti mt node khc trong mng th mt chm tuyn bo hiu c nh ra nh tuyn cho bn tin ny. Mt trong s cc tuyn bo hiu trong chm tuyn bo hiu c dng chuyn bn tin. Nu tuyn bo hiu ny b tc nghn hoc b li th mt tuyn bo hiu khc trong chm tuyn bo hiu c s dng thay th cho tuyn bo hiu ny nhm m bo bn tin lun n c ch n ca n. 2.2.5 Cc loi kt ni trong mng SS7.

Kt ni truy nhp A (Access Link) : l kt ni gia SSP v STP hoc gia SCP v STP. Kt ni cu B (Bridge Link) : l kt ni gia mt STP trong cp STP ng nhim vi mt STP trong cp STP ng nhim khc. Hai cp STP ny phi thuc cng mt cp. Kt ni ngc C (Cross Link) : l kt ni gia hai STP trong cng mt cp STP ng nhim. Kt ni cho D (Diagonal Link) : l kt ni gia hai STP hai cp khc nhau. Kt ni m rng E (Exended Link) : l kt ni gia SSP v mt STP xa. Kt ni lin kt y F (Full Associated Link) : l mt kt ni trc tip gia hai SSP. Kt ni ny ch c thc hin khi c mt lu lng ln gia hai SSP hoc khi mt SSP khng th kt ni ti mt STP (v l do kinh t).

Hnh 2.5: Cc loi kt ni trong mng bo hiu.

2.3 Cu trc mng bo hiu.

2.3.1 Mng bo hiu khng phn cp. y l cu trc n gin nht ca mng bo hiu. Trong cu trc ny, mi mt im bo hiu u c kt ni trc tip vi mt im bo hiu

khc trong mng bng mt lin kt bo hiu (phng thc bo hiu lin kt). Cu hnh mng ny ch c s dng trong giai on th nghim ban u trn mt quy m nh.

Hnh 2.6: Cu trc khng phn cp. 2.3.2 Mng bo hiu mt cp STP. Trong cu trc mt cp, mi mt STP m nhn nh tuyn cho tt c cc bn tin bo hiu ca cc SSP nm trong vng phc v ca n. Khi mt SSP nm trong vng phc v ca n c yu cu thit lp mt kt ni ti mt SSP ca mt STP khc th kt ni loi B gia hai STP ny c s dng truyn bn tin gia hai STP.

. Hnh 2.7: Mng mt cp. 2.2.3 Mng bo hiu hai cp STP. Mt mng bo hiu c cu trc hai cp ca mt quc gia bao gm mng bo hiu vng v mng bo hiu quc gia. Mt STP ca vng ny mun truyn cc bn tin bo hiu ti mt STP vng khc th phi s dng cc STP trung gian ca mng quc gia.

Hnh 2.8: Mng hai cp.

Chng 3: Cu trc phn lp ca h thng bo hiu s 7.

3.1 Tng quan v m hnh OSI (Open System Interconnection).
M hnh kt ni h thng m OSI c a ra vo nm 1982 bi t chc chun quc t ISO (International Standards Organization). M hnh ny cung cp cc th tc v c cu cho php my tnh c th giao tip vi cc thit b xa bao gm cc u cui v modem. Cc ng dng hay cc qu trnh nh truyn file, gi th in t chnh l cc thc th s dng giao thc truyn d liu qua mng. Cc qu trnh trao i d liu ny ph thuc vo mt s dch v hoc chc nng trong giao thc. M hnh OSI chia cc chc nng ny thnh 7 lp. Mi lp cung cp dch v cho lp trn n v s dng cc dch v do lp bn di n cung cp. M hnh 7 lp OSI c m t trong hnh sau:

Hnh 3.1: M hnh phn lp OSI. Lp 1 : Lp vt l (Physical) Lp 2 : Lp lin kt d liu (Data Link) Lp 3 : Lp mng (network)

Lp 4 : Lp giao vn (Transport) Lp 5 : Lp phin (Session) Lp 6 : Lp trnh by (Presiontation) Lp 7 : Lp ng dng (Application) 3.1.1 Lp vt l. Lp vt l l lp c nhim v chuyn i d liu s thnh mt dng bit truyn qua mng. Lp vt l phi cung cp cc c trng in cn thit truyn qua giao din c s dng. Cc c trng v in ca mt giao din ph thuc vo phng tin truyn dn c s dng v loi giao din. Khong cch truyn dn v dng tn hiu c truyn l nhng yu t quan trng trong vic la chn chun. 3.1.2 Lp lin kt d liu. OSI nh ngha lp lin kt d liu nh l mt phng tin cung cp kh nng trao i d liu tin cy gia hai thit b. Lp lin kt d liu ch lin quan n vic truyn d liu gia hai thit b. Lp lin kt d liu cung cp cc dch v v chc nng cn thit truyn mt lung bit gia hai thit b trong c s dng mt s phng thc nh nh s tun t, pht hin li v sa li. Mt chc nng quan trng khc ca lp lin kt d liu l qun l lin kt. Khi mt li c pht hin bi lp vt l (nh mt ng b), lp lin kt d liu c thng bo. Sau lp lin kt d liu s yu cu mt s phng thc khc phc li khi phc li lin kt. iu khin lung l mt phn quan trng ca qun l lin kt. iu khin lung trong lp lin kt d liu c th c thc hin thng qua vic s dng cc bn tin giao thc. Chc nng iu khin lung c thc hin m bo s lng gi tin truyn n mt node ph hp vi kh nng x l ca node . 3.1.3 Lp mng. Lp mng cung cp cc dch v nh tuyn cho cc gi d liu nhn c t mt node khc. Lp mng cung cp phng phng tin chuyn

vn d liu trong sut cho lp giao vn. N c nhim v truyn d liu ca lp giao vn qua mng. C hai phng thc c s dng kt ni ti im ch. Trong mt s giao thc, mt kt ni o ti mt node phi c thit lp trc. Mt vi giao thc khc li s dng cc gi d liu cha y cc thng tin iu khin cn thit im ch bit cch x l khi d liu thu c. Ngoi ra lp mng cn cung cp chc nng qun l mng. Lp mng gi cc bn tin qun l qua mng hoc t nht l ti cc node cn k vi n hng dn chng gim bt hoc ngng cc dch v ti n. iu ny cho php cc node c th nh tuyn cc bn tin theo hng khc trnh node b li. 3.1.4 Lp giao vn. Chc nng ca lp giao vn l nhn d liu t lp phin, tch chng ra lm cc phn nh hn nu cn, a chng qua tng mng v m bo chng n ng u cui bn kia. Trong cc iu kin bnh thng, lp giao vn to mt lin kt ni mng ring bit cho tng lin kt giao vn c i hi bi lp phin. Tuy nhin nu kt ni giao vn i hi mt dung lng truyn ti cao, lp giao vn c th to ra nhiu kt ni mng ri chia d liu trn cc kt ni mng ny nng cao thng lng. Nu vic to lp, duy tr mt kt ni mng l tn km th mt s lin kt giao vn c th c truyn trn cng mt kt ni mng. 3.1.5 Lp phin. Lp phin c vai tr thit lp ra mt hi thoi hay mt phin trao i thng tin gia hai thc th. Ngoi ra lp phin cn phi nh ra cc loi hi thoi c thit lp. Lp phin cn phi cung cp cc th tc iu khin lung. Cc th tc iu khin lung ny ch p dng cho giao din vi lp giao vn. Cc thc th xa khng chu nh hng ca cc th tc ny (iu khin lung lp ny ch mang tnh cc b). Mt nhim v khc ca lp phin l qun l cc n v hi thoi. Mt v d v n v hi thoi l chuyn giao a file, mi file l mt n v hi

thoi. Nu mt thc th cn gi mt vi file ti mt thc th xa, lp phin c th thit lp mt file nh mt n v hi thoi. Nu trong qu trnh mt khi d liu ln c gi i, lin kt b gin on v mt l do no , lp phin phi nh v tr file truyn b ngt qung thc hin truyn li bt u t ng v tr ny khi kt ni c khi phc. 3.1.6 Lp trnh by. Lp trnh by c chc nng mt m ho v nn d liu. Trc khi d liu c truyn qua mng, lp trnh by phi thc hin vic nn d liu v cung cp nh dng hay c php ca d liu m lp phin c th s dng. Mt chc nng khc ca lp trnh by l mt m ho d liu. Mt m ho d liu bao gm vic ghp xen, xo trn d liu theo mt s dng chun c th gii m ho mt pha thu. Mc ch ca m ho mt l cung cp tnh bo mt ca d liu khi truyn qua mng. 3.1.7 Lp ng dng. Lp ny cung cp cc dch v h tr cho cc ng dng v iu khin giao tip gia cc ng dng. Mt s chc nng lp 7 nh: truyn file, x l bn tin..v..v..

3.2. Cu trc phn lp ca mng SS7.

Hnh 3.2: Cu trc phn lp ca h thng bo hiu s 7. Mng bo hiu SS7 c phn chia thnh 4 mc chc nng bao gm: Phn chuyn giao tin bo MTP (cc mc 1 n mc 3) MTP mc 1: chc nng lin kt s liu bo hiu MTP mc 2: chc nng lin kt bo hiu MTP mc 3: chc nng mng bo hiu Phn ngi s dng (mc 4). 3.2.1 Phn chuyn giao tin bo MTP. Phn chuyn giao tin bo MTP cung cp cc chc nng cho php cc thng tin ca phn ngi s dng chuyn ti MTP c chuyn qua mng bo hiu SS7 ti ch n cn thit. Thm vo , cc chc nng ca MTP cn cho php khc phc c cc li mng v li h thng c th nh hng ti vic chuyn giao thng tin bo hiu trn mng. MTP cng vi SCCP to thnh phn dch v mng NSP (Network Service Part). NSP cung cp cc dch v tng ng vi lp 3 trong m hnh OSI. A/Chc nng lin kt s liu bo hiu (mc 1).

Mc 1 nh ngha cc c trng v vt l, v in v cc chc nng ca mt lin kt s liu bo hiu. Mt lin kt s liu bo hiu l mt ng truyn dn hai hng dng truyn cc thng tin bo hiu. N bao gm hai knh d liu truyn d liu trn hai hng ngc chiu nhau cng mt tc . B/Chc nng lin kt bo hiu (mc 2). Mc 2 nh ngha cc chc nng v th tc phc v cho vic chuyn giao cc bn tin bo hiu trn mt lin kt s liu bo hiu ring l. Cc chc nng mc 2 cng vi mt lin kt s liu bo hiu cung cp mt lin kt bo hiu chuyn giao tin cy cc bn tin bo hiu gia hai im bo hiu cn k. Mt bn tin bo hiu nhn c t cc mc cao hn c chuyn giao qua lin kt bo hiu di dng cc bn tin bo hiu c di thay i. Cc chc nng ca lin kt bo hiu bao gm : -nh ranh gii ca cc n v bo hiu nh cc c . -Trnh cc c gi bng cch chn bit. -Pht hin li bng cch s dng khi kim tra c trong mi n v bo hiu . -Sa li bng cch truyn li v iu khin tun t n v bo hiu bng cch nh s tun t cho mi n v bo hiu. -Pht hin li lin kt bo hiu bng cch gim st tc cc n v bo hiu b li v khi phc lin kt d liu bng cc th tc thch hp. C/Chc nng mng bo hiu (mc 3). Cc chc nng mc 3 c chia lm hai chc nng chnh: Chc nng x l bn tin bo hiu: l chc nng m bo bn tin c chuyn ti lin kt bo hiu hoc phn ngi s dng thch hp. Cc chc nng x l bn tin bo hiu bao gm: -nh tuyn bn tin bo hiu . -Phn bit bn tin bo hiu. -Phn b bn tin bo hiu.

Chc nng qun l mng bo hiu: Chc nng ny thc hin cu hnh li mng bo hiu khi c li xy ra v iu khin lu lng khi c tc nghn. Cc chc nng qun l mng bo hiu c chia ra lm cc chc nng : -Qun l lu lng bo hiu. -Qun l lin kt bo hiu . -Qun l nh tuyn bo hiu. 3.2.2 Phn ngi s dng. A/Phn iu khin kt ni bo hiu SCCP. SCCP cung cp thm cc chc nng cho phn chuyn giao tin bo MTP cung cp cc dch v mng hng lin kt v khng lin kt. SCCP cung cp cc phng tin iu khin cc kt ni bo hiu logic trong mt mng SS7 v chuyn giao cc n v bo hiu qua mng bo hiu SS7 c s dng hoc khng s dng cc kt ni bo hiu logic. SCCP cung cp chc nng nh tuyn cho php cc bn tin bo hiu c nh tuyn da trn GT. SCCP cn cung cp mt chc nng qun l qun l thng tin v trng thi ca cc phn h v qung b cc thng tin ny ti cc node khc trong mng. Cc phn h ny l ngi s dng SCCP. B/Phn ngi s dng in thoi TUP TUP nh ngha cc chc nng bo hiu iu khin cuc gi thoi quc t s dng h thng bo hiu SS7. C/Phn ngi s dng mng s a dch v ISUP ISUP nh ngha cc chc nng bo hiu cung cp cc dch v chuyn mch v cc phng tin ngi s dng cho cc ng dng thoi v phi thoi ca mng ISDN. ISUP cn thch hp vi cc ng dng dnh cho mng thoi, cc mng d liu chuyn mch theo mch v mng tng t. ISUP c mt giao din vi SCCP cho php ISUP s dng SCCP cho cc bo hiu u cui n u cui.

D/Phn ng dng cc kh nng giao dch TCAP Trong tng lai, c rt nhiu dch v vin thng khc nhau pht trin. Cc node dch v(c th l cc trung tm c s d liu) cn trao i thng tin vi nhau thng qua mng chuyn mch gi SS7. TCAP cung cp giao din cho php cc dch v ny c th s dng mng SS7 sn c truyn d liu. 3.3 So snh cu trc phn lp OSI v cu trc phn lp mng SS7. Qu trnh giao tip bao gm 3 giai on: Thit lp kt ni, chuyn giao d liu, gii phng kt ni. mng SS7, MTP cung cp mt dch v chuyn giao kt ni m n ch cn mt pha chuyn giao d liu. Khi m hnh phn lp OSI ra i, cc lp t 1-3 bao gm cc chc nng cho vic chuyn giao thng tin t mt v tr ny n mt v tr khc. V vy ph hp vi m hnh OSI, cng nh s cn thit cho cc dch v m rng, mng SS7 phn iu khin kt ni bo hiu SCCP c a vo cng vi MTP hnh thnh nn lp 1-3 tng ng vi chc nng ca lp 1-3 trong phn lp OSI.

Chng 4: Phn chuyn giao tin bo MTP.

Phn chuyn giao tin bo MTP cung cp cc chc nng cho php cc phn ngi s dng c th chuyn thng tin qua mng ti ch n cn thit. Ton b mc ch ca MTP l cung cp cc phng tin : -Chuyn giao tin cy v phn pht cc thng tin bo hiu ca ngi s dng qua mng bo hiu SS7. -i ph vi cc li mng v li h thng c th gy nh hng n vic chuyn giao tin cy cc thng tin bo hiu qua mng v thc hin cc hnh ng cn thit m bo vic chuyn giao thng tin bo hiu c hon tt. Mt cch tng qut, MTP c chia thnh hai phn chnh: -H thng iu khin truyn bn tin MTCS (Messege Transfer Control System) qua mng SS7. -Knh s liu thng tin bo hiu SDL (Signaling Data Link) kt ni v truyn dn hai chiu gia hai im bo hiu (SP). MTP l phn chung cho tt c cc UP khc nhau. Bao gm cc chc nng tng ng vi cc mc (lp) nh sau: Chc nng lin kt s liu bo hiu ( Signaling Data Link-MTP mc 1). Chc nng lin kt bo hiu ( Signaling Link Function-MTP mc 2). Chc nng mng bo hiu ( Signaling Network Function-MTP mc 3).

4.1 Chc nng lin kt s liu bo hiu ( MTP mc 1).

MTP mc 1 tng ng vi lp vt l (Lp 1) trong m hnh OSI. Mc ny nh r cc c tnh vt l, cc c tnh in, v cc c tnh chc nng ca cc ng bo hiu, cc c tnh ny c m t trong khuyn ngh ca CCITT G703,732 v 734. l cc ng truyn dn s liu hai chiu gm hai knh hot ng trn hai hng ngc chiu nhau. Knh s

liu bo hiu c th l s hoc analog. Knh s c thit lp bi cc knh truyn dn s (64Kbps) v cc b chuyn mch s. Knh analog c thit lp bi knh truyn dn analog tn s thoi (4kHz) v MODEM thoi.

4.2 Chc nng lin kt bo hiu (MTP mc 2).

Phn chuyn giao bn tin MTP mc 2 kt hp vi MTP mc 1 cung cp mt knh bo hiu cho chuyn giao bn tin bo hiu trc tip gia hai im u ni. MTP mc 2 tng ng vi lp 2 trong m hnh OSI. Mt lin kt s liu bo hiu Signal Data Link v mt u cui bo hiu C7 Terminal to thnh mt lin kt bo hiu Signaling Link Cc chc nng ca lin kt bo hiu MTP- mc 2 bao gm: -ng b cc c hiu v xc nh gii hn ca n v bo hiu. -Pht hin li, gim st li v sa li.

-ng b ban u. -iu khin lung bo hiu mc 2. 4.2.1 Cu trc ca cc n v bo hiu. Trong h thng SS7c 3 loi n v bn tin bo hiu c bn (SUSignaling Unit) l: MSU, LSSU v FISU. Cc n v ny c phn bit vi nhau bng gi tr cha trong trng thng tin gi l trng ch th di LI (Length Indication). A/n v bo hiu bn tin MSU (Message Signal Unit).

Hnh 4.4: Cu trc bn tin MSU. MSU l n v bo hiu mang cc thng tin cho iu khin cuc gi, qun tr mng v bo dng trong trng thng tin bo hiu. Bn tin MSU c s dng trong tt c cc loi giao thc ca h thng SS7 v c dng chuyn giao mi thng tin trong mng bo hiu . B/n v bo hiu trng thi lin kt LSSU (Link Status Signal Unit).

Hnh 4.5: Cu trc bn tin LSSU. Bn tin LSSU cung cp cc ch th trng thi ng truyn m n truyn qua: bnh thng, khng hot ng, trng thi khn... Bn tin LSSU c s dng nh mt phng tin trao i gia cc lp 2 ca MTP thng tin gim st cng nh khi phc khi knh bo hiu c li. C/n v bo hiu chn FISU (Fill In Signal Unit).

Hnh 4.6: Cu trc bn tin FISU. Bn tin FISU c gi i khi knh bo hiu trng thi ri gim st trng thi knh bo hiu. FISU khng mang thng tin, n c gi i mt mnh nhn cc thng bo v s c mt cch tc thi. C ngha l n c truyn i thay th MSU v LSSU. */ ngha cc n v tn hiu trong cc bn tin. C F (Flag): C dng bo hiu s bt u v kt thc ca cc n v bn tin, tu di v ni dung khc nhau ca mi bn tin. C kt thc cng l c bt u ca bn tin mi, nn bit u tin sau F chnh l bt u ca mt bn tin. Tp hp cc bit xen gia 2 c l chiu di ca ton b bn tin, ngoi ra cc c cng c s dng cho mc ch ng b. Mu nh dng ca c l 8 bit: 01111110 Cc bit kim tra CK (Checksum): Thc ra y l nhng bit b xung c truyn trong n v bo hiu. Nu ti im thu nhn c CK khng hoc khng ph hp th c ngha n v tn hiu c coi l b li v phi loi b. Th tc kim tra c s dng y l CRC gm 16 bit. Trng thng tin bo hiu SIF (Signaling Information Field): trng ny ch c trong MSU, cha thng tin bo hiu ca ngi s dng. N c di t 2 n 272 octet. Octet thng tin dch v SIO (Service Information Octet): Gm cc ch th dch v v ch th mng. Trng sa li EC (Error Correction): C di 16 bit bao gm 4 trng chc nng vi cu hnh sau:

Hnh 4.7: Trng sa li EC. FIB (Forward Indicator Bit): bit ch th hng i, l cc bit sa li theo trnh t th tc. N biu th n v bn tin bo hiu c truyn ln u hay ln sau. FSN (Forward Sequency Number): S th t hng i, dng kim tra trnh t ng n ca cc n v bn tin bo hiu trnh nh hng ca li ng truyn. BIB (Backward Indicator Bit): Bit ch th hng v s dng cho th tc sa li c bn. N c dng yu cu vic truyn li cc n v bn tin b pht hin l sai. BSN (Backward Sequency Number): S th t hng v, mang cc thng tin tr li xc nhn trong cc th tc gim st v sa li cc bn tin. Trng ch th di LI (Length Indicator): dng phn bit gia 3 loi n v bn tin. Gi tr ca LI nh sau: LI = 0 :Bn tin FISU. LI = 2 :Bn tin LSSU. LI >2 :Bn tin MSU. Nu trng thng tin bo hiu ca MSU c di 62 th trng ch th di c gi tr l 63. Trng trng thi SF(Status Field): mang thng tin v trng thi knh bo hiu. 4.2.2 nh ranh gii cc n v bo hiu. m bo trong n v bo hiu khng th c m hnh b trng lp th cc bit chn c b xung bng cch thm cc bit 0 vo chui lin tip 5 bit ca tin bo. pha thu cc bit chn ny c tch ra trc tin cng vi th tc xc nh c hiu. 4.2.3 Pht hin li.

Chc nng pht hin li c thc hin nh 16 bit kim tra t ti cui mi n v bo hiu. 16 bit ny c to ra bi u cui lin kt bo hiu pha pht theo phng thc CRC-16 vi a thc sinh l: x16+x12+x5+1 a thc b chia c ly t chui k bit tnh t bit ng sau bit cui cng ca c m cho n bit ng trc bit u tin ca cc bit kim tra. 4.24 Phng thc sa li. Trng sa li (EC) gm 16 bit gm 4 bit chc nng nh trnh by phn trc: FIB, FSN, BIB, BSN. Nu bn tin bo hiu nhn c hon ton chnh xc th kt cui bo hiu pha thu s gi s khng nh bng cch xen vo s trnh t hng v (BSN) bng s trnh t hng i (FSN) nhn c trong tt c cc dng tin bo. Bit ch th hng v (BIB) c t gi tr bng bit ch hng i (FIB). Khi nhn c tn hiu khng nh, pha u pht s loi b bn tin khi b m pht li. Nu bn tin bo hiu nhn c l khng chnh xc, th pha thu s gi ph nh bng cch o bit ch th hng v (BIB). S trnh t hng i (FSN) ca tin bo cui cng nhn c l chnh xc s c ci vo trng s trnh t hng v (BSN) thng bo v yu cu pht li khi thng tin b li. Khi nhn c tn hiu ph nh, pha pht s ngng truyn khi tn hiu mi v truyn li cc khi tn hiu b li lu li trong b m pht li. 4.2.5 ng b ban u. L phng php dng khi ng mt ng bo hiu hoc khi phc hi mt knh lin kt sau khi c s c. Vic ng b c thc hin bng cch trao i bt buc cc n v tn hiu trng thi lin kt (LSSU) gia hai im bo hiu lin quan. Cc trng thi ca knh bo hiu c nh du bng 3 bit c trng s u tin trong trng trng thi SF ca LSSU. 4.2.6 iu khin lung mc 2 iu khin lu lng c bt u khi nghn c pht hin pha u thu qua cc bit ch th trng thi ng trong LSSU v t chi tip nhn c MSU n. Khi nghn gim vic nhn cc MSU li c tip tc.

Trong khi tc nghn, pha u pht s c gi thng bo v tnh trng ny theo chu k, nu tnh trng tc nghn tip tc ko di, u pht s ch th knh li. Hin tng ny s c b iu khin trng thi knh LSC thng bo ln MTP Mc 3.

4.3 Chc nng mng bo hiu (MTP- mc 3).

Chc nng mng bo hiu c chia lm hai chc nng chnh : -X l bn tin bo hiu. -Qun l mng bo hiu. 4.3.1 X l bn tin bo hiu. Mc ch ca cc chc nng x l bn tin bo hiu l m bo cc bn tin bo hiu ca mt phn ngi s dng ti mt im bo hiu c phn phi n ng phn ngi s dng ti im bo hiu ch. Cc chc nng x l bn tin bo hiu c chia lm cc chc nng nh tuyn bn tin, phn bit bn tin v phn phi bn tin. Cc chc nng x l bn tin bo hiu c ch ra trong hnh di y:
Mc 4 X l bn tin bo hiu-Mc 3 Mc 2

Phn phi bn tin

Phn bit bn tin nh tuyn bn tin

Hnh 4.7: Chc nng x l bn tin bo hiu. A/Nhn nh tuyn. Nhn cha trong mi bn tin bo hiu c s dng bi phn ngi s dng c lin quan xc nh nhim v c th c ch ra trong bn tin, ngoi ra n cng c s dng bi MTP nh tuyn bn tin ti ch n. Phn nhn c s dng nh tuyn c gi l nhn nh tuyn v n cha cc thng tin cn thit phn pht bn tin ti ch n ca bn tin . Nhn nh tuyn chun c di 32 bit v c t u ca

trng thng tin bo hiu. Cu trc ca nhn nh tuyn c ch ra trong hnh di y: SLS OPC DPC

Hnh 4.8: Cu trc nhn nh tuyn. M im ch DPC (Destination Point Code) ch ra im ch ca bn tin. M im ngun OPC (Originating Point Code) ch ra im ngun ca bn tin. Trng la chn lin kt bo hiu SLS (Signaling Link Selection) c s dng trong vic thc hin chia ti. Trng ny c trong tt c cc loi bn tin v lun lun mt v tr nht nh. B/Chc nng nh tuyn bn tin. Chc nng ny c s dng mi SP xc nh ng bo hiu no c s dng truyn bn tin ti SP ch. Vic nh tuyn ny phi da vo 3 trng thng tin c bn: phn ch th mng NI trong trng SIO, trng chn la ng bo hiu SLS v m im ch DPC trong nhn nh tuyn LABEL trng SIF. C/Phn bit bn tin v phn phi bn tin. Trng m im ch ca bn tin nhn c c xem xt bi chc nng phn bit bn tin xc nh bn tin c phi l gi cho im bo hiu hay khng. Nu bn tin khng phi l gi cho n th bn tin c chuyn ti chc nng nh tuyn bn tin truyn bn tin trn mt lin kt thch hp bn tin c th ti ch n ca n. Nu m im ch ca bn tin chnh l m im bo nhn, ch th dch v s c xem xt bi chc nng phn phi bn tin v bn tin s c phn phi ti phn ngi s dng thch hp. Khi chc nng phn phi bn tin pht hin mt bn tin nhn c khng th c phn phi ti ngi s dng cn thit, mt bn tin ngi s dng khng hp l c gi tr li v im ngun. Ti im bo hiu ngun, phn ngi s dng lin quan c thng bo v iu ny. 4.3.2 Qun l mng bo hiu.

Mc ch chnh ca chc nng qun l mng l cung cp kh nng lp li cu hnh mng bo hiu trong trng hp xy ra s c v iu khin lu lng bo hiu trong trng hp b nghn. Chc nng qun l mng bo hiu c chia thnh : -iu hnh lu lng bo hiu -iu hnh knh bo hiu -iu hnh tuyn bo hiu 4.3.2.1 iu hnh lu lng bo hiu . Chc nng iu hnh lu lng bo hiu c s dng chuyn ilu lng bo hiu t knh hoc tuyn ny n knh hoc tuyn khc. Chc nng iu hnh lu lng bo hiu bao gm cc th tc sau: A/Th tc chuyn i (Change - Over Procedure): th tc ny dng chuyn i lu lng t mt knh bo hiu b li n mt knh bo hiu d phng. Khi thc hin th tc ny cc knh bo hiu s c truyn li mt cch tun t. B/Th tc chuyn i phc hi (Change Back Procedure): dng chuyn i lu lng bo hiu t mt knh bo hiu d phng v knh b s c c phc hi. C/Th tc ti nh tuyn bt buc ( Forced Rerouting Procedure ): l mt qu trnh chuyn i lu lng bo hiu xung quanh mt s c h hng mt SP xa trong mng bo hiu. Th tc ny c thc hin bng cch gi i mt bn tin ngn cm lu lng bo hiu i qua SP ny. D/Th tc ti nh tuyn c iu khin ( Controlled Rerouting Procedure): l mt qu trnh phc hi chuyn i lu lng bo hiu v mt tuyn bo hiu c xc nh r sau khi th tc ti nh tuyn bt buc kt thc. E/iu khin lung (Flow Control ): l th tc ngng pht cc bn tin mi khi n khng cn c kh nng phn phi bn tin qua mng. iu ny c th xy ra ti mt SP b qu ti. 4.3.2.2 iu hnh knh bo hiu

Chc nng ny c nhim v duy tr cc kh nng ca chm knh nh bng cch phc hi cc knh bo hiu b h hng, kch hot cc knh bo hiu trng thi ri, v ngng kch hot cc knh no c ng b. Chc nng iu khin knh bo hiu bao gm cc th tc sau: A/Kch hot knh bo hiu ( Signalling Link Activation ): y chnh l th tc ng b ban u. Khi mt knh ln u tin c kch hot th MTPMc 3 s ch th cho Mc 2 bt u thc hin th tc ng b v a knh vo hot ng, ng thi ch th cho cc im bo hiu ln cn bit rng knh c kch hot. thc hin vic ny, mi ln knh c kch hot v a vo phc v th mt bn tin kim tra knh bo hiu SLTM (Signalling Link Test Message ) c to ra v truyn trn knh. B/Phc hi knh bo hiu ( Link Restoration ): l th tc ng b sau khi knh bo hiu b h hng bng vic gi th tc ng b v s dng bn tin LSSU thng bo cho cc im ln cn bit trng thi ca knh. Sau khi ng b th Mc 3 cng to ra mt STLM v truyn trn knh nh th tc kch hot knh. C/Kch hot chm knh bo hiu ( Link Set Activation ): Kch hot mt chm knh d mc khn cp hay bnh thng. D/Ch nh tuyn bo hiu v u cui bo hiu ( Link and Terminal Activation ): dng ch nh cc knh bo hiu n mt thit b u ni bo hiu no . E/Ngng kch hot mt knh bo hiu ( Link Deactivation ): l th tc ngng hot ng ca mt knh bo hiu no mc d n khng c h hng. 4.3.2.3 iu hnh tuyn bo hiu: Chc nng iu hnh tuyn bo hiu c s dng phn b thng tin v trng thi ca mng bo hiu, nhm ngn hoc gii to cc knh bo hiu. Chc nng ny bao gm cc th tc sau: A/Th tc iu khin chuyn giao (Transfer Control):chc nng ny c thc hin ti mt STP i vi mt tin bo c lin quan n a ch ch no

, khi n phi thng bo cho mt hay nhiu SP pha ngun hn ch hoc khng c tip tc gi thm cc tin bo c cp u tin quy nh hoc thp hn. B/Th tc chuyn giao b ngn cm ( Transfer Prohibited ): c thc hin ti mt SP ang hot ng nh l mt STP khi n phi thng bo cho mt hoc nhiu SP ln cn bit rng chng khng c nh tuyn qua STP ny. C/ Th tc c php chuyn giao ( Transfer Allowed Procedure ) : Cng c thc hin ti mt STP khi n phi thng bo cho mt hay nhiu SP ln cn rng chng c th thit lp chuyn i lu lng bo hiu qua cc tuyn bo hiu n im ch thng qua STP ny. D/Th tc chuyn giao b hn ch ( Transfer Restricted Procedure ):cng c thc hin ti mt STP khi n phi thng bo cho mt hay nhiu SP ln cn rng nu c th chng khng nn nh tuyn qua STP ny na. E/Th tc kim tra chm tuyn bo hiu ( Signalling Route Set Test Procedure ):c thc hin ti cc SP kim tra xem lu lng bo hiu hng ti mt SP ch no c th c thit lp thng qua mt STP ln cn hay khng.

Chng 5: Phn iu khin kt ni bo hiu SCCP (Signalling Connection Control Part)

5.1 Tng quan.
SCCP cung cp cc chc nng b xung cho MTP c th cung cp c hai loi dch v mng hng kt ni v khng kt ni nhm trao i thng tin bo hiu gia cc tng i v cc trung tm chuyn dng trong mng bo hiu quc t. SCCP phi hp vi MTP to nn phn dch v mng NSP (Network Service Part), tng ng vi lp mng trong m hnh OSI.

SCCP
iu khin kt ni c hng iu khin to tuyn kt ni

UP

iu khin kt ni v hng

MTP

iu hnh SCCP

Hnh 5.1: Phn iu khin kt ni bo hiu SCCP.

5.2 Cc bn tin v th tc SCCP.

5.2.1 nh a ch v nh tuyn. phn phi cc bn tin bo hiu n ng im ch, trong to tuyn ca MTP phi s dng cc thng tin nh tuyn c sn cha trong trng ch th dch v (SI) v m im thu (DPC), v vy kh nng nh tuyn v chuyn giao tin bo ca MTP b hn ch, khng p ng c vi cc mng thng tin a dch v nhu cu pht trin trong tng lai. Trong thng tin bo hiu, c hai loi a ch khc nhau c s dng: a ch cn phin dch, v a ch khng cn phin dch. i vi a ch cn phin dch cn gi l a ch nhn ton cu GT (Global Title). Mt nhn ton cu GT l mt a ch khng cho php to tuyn trc tip nn cn n chc nng phin dch ca SCCP. SCCP phin dch a ch ny thnh mt m im bo hiu ch (DPC) v mt s phn h SSN (Subsystem Number). SSN s xc nh User ca SCCP ti im bo hiu ch, v d nh phn qun tr SCCP, phn ngi s dng ISUP, hay phn ng dng vn hnh bo dng (OMPA). i vi a ch khng cn phin dch th bn thn n c dng DPC+SSN mt cch r rng, nn SCCP v MTP c th nh tuyn trc tip. Thng th cc bn tin khng cn phin dch ny l cc bn tin ngn, cha thng tin yu cu truy vn c s d liu hoc iu khin dch v. 5.2.2 Dch v kt ni v hng. C hai loi dch v c giao thc SCCP cung cp l dch v kt ni c hng v dch v kt ni v hng. dnh v kt ni v hng tt c cc thng tin nh tuyn cn a bn tin bo hiu ti ch phi c nm trong mi gi s liu (y l dng thng tin c a ch khng cn n chc nng phin dch ca SCCP). Khng c s u ni logic c thit lp gia cc nt u cui, c ngha l

khng c cc giai on thit lp v gii phng kt ni m ch c giai on truyn s liu. V vy dch v ny thng c s dng chuyn giao nhng lng nh thng tin gia nhng ngi s dng xa. V d nh pht tn hiu cnh bo t mt tng i ni ht ti OMC, hay ng dng trong vic truy vn c s d liu ca mt MSC vi HLR hay thng tin nh v ca MS vi VLR. Dch v loi 0 l dch v kt ni v hng c bn. Trong loi ny n v s liu bn tin c chuyn t tng cao hn n SCCP nt pht v sau chuyn ti SCCP nt thu i tip n tng cao hn. Mt bn tin c th i qua tuyn khc vi tuyn m bn tin trc i c ngha l n c gi i mt cch c lp, do d liu nhn c c th khng theo th t nh khi pht. Dch v loi 1l dch v kt ni v hng c trnh t: trong loi ny s b xung thm cho cc c tnh ca loi 0 to ra mt trnh t phn phi cc bn tin cho SCCP. 5.2.3 Dch v kt ni c hng. Dch v kt ni c hng l kh nng chuyn giao bn tin bo hiu qua kt ni bo hiu c thit lp trc (mt ng thit lp v mt logic). Kt ni ny c th l tm thi hoc vnh cu. C th m t dch v ny nh vic gi mt gi tin lm nhim v hoa tiu qua mng v n ni nhn. Gi hoa tiu ny s tm ra v thit lp mt ng i thnh cng xuyn qua mng, cc bn tin bo hiu sau s i theo ng ny. V vy ngi ta cn gi y l kiu nh hng theo mch o. Dch v u ni c hng c s dng khi c nhiu tin bo chuyn giao hoc cc bn tin qu di n mc phi phn ra thnh tng on sau pha thu phi nhm tr li. C hai loi dch v u ni c hng s dng : Dch v loi 2: l u ni nh hng c s, cc bn tin bo hiu gia cc User SCCP c thc hin nh vic thit lp u ni bo hiu tm thi hoc vnh cu. Nhng cht lng ca dch v khng cao v d nh: mt tin bo, cc li khng pht hin c, nhm tun t...

Dch v loi 3: loi u ni nh hng c iu khin lung, cc tnh cht ca loi 2 c b xung bng cch thm vo chc nng iu khin lung, cho php hn ch vic thu lung s liu t pha pht. ng thi dch v loi 3 cn c kh nng pht hin mt tin bo hoc nhm tun t yu cu thit lp li s u ni v SCCP s thng bo ti cc lp cao hn.

5.2.4 Cc bn tin SCCP

A/ Cc bn tin kt ni c hng

Qu trnh truyn d liu c chia thnh ba giai on: Giai on thit lp kt ni(CR,CC,CREF), giai on truyn d liu(DT1,IT,ERR), giai on gii phng kt ni(RLSD,RLC). B/ Cc bn tin kt ni v hng Qu trnh truyn d liu ch gm duy nht pha Truyn d liu(UDT max 255 octet, XUDT).

C/ Mt s tham s trong bn tin SCCP

D/ Cu trc ca bn tin SCCP

Nhn nh tuyn(Routing lable): c s dng bi MTP nh tuyn bn tin n DPC M loi bn tin(Message Type Code): dng phn bit cc bn tin SCCP khc nhau. Cc tham s (Parameters): cc tham s trong bn tin SCCP c chia lm hai loi Cc tham s bt buc v Cc tham s la chn(c th c hoc khng).Mt s cc tham s c chiu di khng i trong khi mt s tham s khc c chiu di thay i tu theo loi bn tin. 5.2.4 Chc nng iu hnh SCCP. Mc ch ca chc nng iu hnh SCCP l cung cp cc th tc duy tr cht lng mng nh vic ti nh tuyn hoc iu chnh lu lng trong mng khi xy ra s c hoc tc nghn. Chc nng ny chia lm hai phn chc nng: iu hnh trng thi im bo hiu (SP). iu hnh trng thi phn h (SS). iu hnh SCCP thu thng tin lin quan n kh nng truy nhp SP v cc phn h SS iu chnh s c. 5.2.5 Cc phn ngi s dng ca SCCP (SCCP User).

Phn ngi s dng ca SCCP l cc ng dng, hoc cc phn h da vo cc dch v cung cp ca SCCP, c th nh sau: Phn ng dng kh nng giao dch (TCAP). Phn ngi s dng ISDN ( ISUP). Phn ng dng di ng (MAP). Phn ng dng IN (INAP). Phn ng dng BSS (BSSAP). Cc phn h trn c nhn dng bi s phn h (SSN) trong phn phin dch GT ca SCCP.

Chng 6 : Phn kh nng giao dch TCAP (Transaction Capabilities Aplication Part)
6.1 Tng quan.
Cc kh nng giao dch cung cp cc chc nng v giao thc cho mt s lng cc ng dng rt ln v a dng qua cc chuyn mch v cc trung tm chuyn dng trong mng bo hiu. Khi nim cc kh nng giao dch c xem nh l mt tp hp cc kh nng trao i thng tin cung cp mt giao din gia cc ng dng v lp dch v mng. Mc ch ca TC l cung cp cc phng tin chuyn giao thng tin gia cc node v cung cp cc dch v c bit cho cc ng dng trong khi vn c lp vi cc ng dng. Trc tin,lp MTP v SCCP c kh nng thit lp mt ng kt ni thng qua mng bo hiu SS7 gia hai trung tm c s d liu.V bc tip theo l to ra mt giao thc x l hi thoi gia SS7 v cc ng dng.Do c nhiu ng dng khc nhau nn cn phi to ra mt chc nng x l hi thoi chun chung c th phc v cho cc ng dng khc nhau, chnh l TCAP. TCAP gip lm gim vic phi pht trin thm cc giao thc mi mi khi mt dch v mi c a vo mng vin thng.

6.2 Cu trc ca TC.

Cu trc ca TC c phn chia lm hai lp con: Lp con thnh phn (Component Sublayer): Cung cp cho cc Ngi s dng TC c th yu cu thc hin cc vn hnh t xa v nhn cc phn hi tr li. Lp con Thnh phn bao gm hai chc nng :x l hi thoi(Gm hi thoi c cu trc v hi thoi khng cu trc) v x l thnh phn. Lp con giao dch (Transaction Sublayer): x l vic chuyn giao cc bn tin cha cc thnh phn v phn hi thoi gia hai ngi s dng TC.

Hnh 6.1: Cu trc TC. Khi TC c s dng trong cc dch v mng SS7, phn nh a ch c cung cp bi SCCP c s dng . Cc gc dch v qun l SCCP c s dng thng bo cho cc ngi s dng SCCP v s khng sn

sng hoc sn sng ca SCCP cc b hay xa c chuyn i trong sut bi TC ti cc ngi s dng TC.

6.3 Cc bn tin TCAP

C 5 loi bn tin TCAP: Begin,Continue, End, Abort, Unidirectional 4 loi ban tin u c dng cho cc Hi thoi c cu trc. Loi bn tin cui cng c dng chuyn giao d liu Ngi s dng TC trong cc hi thoi khng cu trc.

6.3 Cu trc bn tin TC.

Mt bn tin TCAP bao gm: -Phn giao dch:c cha s nhn dng giao dch ngun v ch. -Phn hi thoi:cha cc d liu giao thc iu khin hi thoi ca ngi s dng TC, Tn ng cnh ng dng v Thng tin phn Ngi s dng TC. -Phn thnh phn: cha mt hoc mt vi thnh phn v d nh Thnh phn yu cu dng yu cu thc hin mt vn hnh no .

- Nguyn nhn hu b: a ra thng tin nguyn nhn hu b mt hi thoi c cu trc.

Chng 7: Tng quan chung v phn ng dng di ng MAP(Mobile Application Part)

7.1/ Gii thiu chung Cc giao thc MAP (ng dng di ng) c thit k ring h tr cho vic bo hiu trong h thng GSM. MAP cung cp cc th tc bo hiu cn thit cho vic chuyn giao thng tin gia cc node mng GSM. MAP s dng mng bo hiu SS7 chuyn thng tin v giao tip vi TCAP trong cu trc phn lp ca h thng bo hiu SS7. Cc chc nng MAP c chia thnh nhiu thc th ng dng AE( Application Entites): MAP_HLR, MAP_MSC, MAP_VLR, MAP_AUC, MAP_EIR .v.v MAP c 3 verrsion MAP version 1, version 2 v version 3. 7.2/ Cc dch v MAP MAP cung cp cc dch v cho ngi s dng MAP(cc Software trong tng i). Cc ngi s dng MAP chuyn giao thng tin di dng cc hi thoi. Mi loi hi thoi nhm thc hin mt nhim v chung c th v bao gm mt hay nhiu dch v MAP. Cc dch v MAP c chia thnh cc dch v MAP c bn (c th c dng chung cho cc ngi s dng MAP) v cc dch v MAP chuyn bit (ch c dng bi mt ngi s dng MAP). a/ Cc dch v MAP c bn Tt c cc ngi s dng dch v MAP c yu cu truy nhp vo cc dch v u s dng c cc dch v MAP c bn thc hin cc chc nng ng dng c bn v d nh: Thit lp hoc hu b mt hi thoi gia cc ngi s dng dch v MAP ngang hng. Truy nhp vo cc chc nng c cung cp bi lp di. Bo co v cc tnh trng bt thng.

X l cc MAP Version khc nhau. Cc dch v MAP c bn:MAP_OPEN,MAP_CLOSE,MAP_DELIMITER MAP_U_ABORT, MAP_P_ABORT, MAP_NOTICE. b/ Cc dch v MAP chuyn bit Cc dch v MAP chuyn bit c xp thnh cc nhm khc nhau nh: Nhm cc dch v di ng. Nhm cc dch v x l cuc gi. Nhm cc dch v lin quan n cc dch v b xung. Nhm cc dch v qun l tin nhn SMS 7.3/ Cc bn tin MAP Cc n v d liu giao thc ca cc dch v MAP c cha trong phn thnh phn v phn hi thoi ca bn tin TCAP. Phn hi thoi cha cc thng tin sau: Tn ng cnh ng dng: Di 7 octet trong 5 octet u ch tn ng cnh ng dng GSM, octet tip theo ch tn ng dng c th(01-LU, 03-RN inqury.v.v), octet cui cng ch MAP version. Thng tin ngi s dng Phn Thnh phn cha cc vn hnh.Thng thng phn Thnh phn ch cha mt thnh phn n l duy nht.Tuy nhin trong mt s trng hp, mt vi thnh phn c truyn trn cng mt bn tin.

Cc vn hnh trong MAP version 2:

7.4/ Bo hiu MAP Mt s th tc bo hiu MAP 7.4.1/ LU

7.4.2/Call Setup