JOURNAL OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS, VOLUME 16, ISSUE 2, OCTOBER 2012 8

MULTI- BAND STACKED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS

Ishan Budhiraja, Mohammad Aftab Alam Khan, Mehwash Farooqui and Manoj Kumar Pal
Abstract A microstrip antenna is well suited for wireless application due to their low weight, low volume, and low sensitivity to manufacturing tolerances. In the recent years, communication system often requires multiband antennas to avoid the use of different antennas. In this paper, multiband characteristic of two layers stacked different shapes geometries (Circle, Pentagon, Hexagon, Octagon) microstrip patch antenna is experimentally studied. It is a probe feed antenna for impedance matching with 50 coaxial cable. This antenna works well in the frequency range from 0-10GHz.The variations in the shapes likes circle, pentagon, hexagon and octagon of the stacked microstrip patch antenna have been analyzed, and it is found multi resonance with decreasing lower resonance frequency with changes in its shape. The return loss, directivity and gain have been measured with the help of IE3D Zealand software. Index TermsMultiband antenna, Returns loss, Directivity, Gain, Wireless applications

1 INTRODUCTION

he demand for application of microstrip antenna in various communication systems has been increasing rapidly due to its lightweight, low cost, small size, ease of integration with other microwave [14]. Due to that microstrip patch antenna gained in popularity and become a major research topic in both theoretically and experimentally. However one of main disadvantages of micro-strip antenna is their narrow band width. It is well known that the multilayer structure is useful method to improve these problems. The researcher have investigated their basic characteristics and extensive efforts have also been developed to design of electromagnetically coupled two layer elliptical microstrip stacked antenna [5], stacked square patch antenna for Bluetooth application [6] and analysis of stacked microstrip rectangular microstrip antenna [7]. Several methods have been presented in the last years to improve it, s such as: thicker substrate [8] reactive matching network [9], and stacked patches [1012]. As the single-layer patch antennas do not perform well when high dielectric constant materials are used It has been reported that a combination of high dielectric constant and low dielectric constant laminates, referred to as hilo configurations, can yield similar impedance bandwidths and radiation performance to that of a conventional stacked patch. Unlike cases where a single layer case using a high dielectric constant substrate where the surface wave efficiency is poor, the HILO stacked patch has very high surface wave efficiency across the impedance bandwidth. This somewhat startling revelation opens up a new avenue in the area of integration research. Hi lo stacked patches have several salient features that are useful for integration with MMICs and OEICs: (1) good bandwidth can be achieved; (2) minimum back radiation is present

because of the ground plane; (3) they are relatively simple to design; (4) low cross-polarization levels are radiated, indicating that good quality CP can easily be generated. So it quite clear that the bandwidth can also be improved by stacking a parasitic patch on the fed patch [13-16].Therefore in this present paper, we observed on an electromagnetically stacked rectangular microstrip antenna with number of parasitic elements. By using two stacked patches of different shapes. Experimental work is carried out to study the effect of stacking on various parameters of antenna.

2 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
The microstrip antenna can take any shapes. It may be circle, pentagon, hexagon, and octagon .The proposed microstrip stacked antenna consists of five patches and designed for 10GHz frequency. The patches are designed separately for different shapes like circle, pentagon, hexagon and octagon. They are stacked in the manner as shown in Fig.1.

Dept. of ECE, IIMT Engineering College, Meerut Uttar Pradesh, India College of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia College of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia. JTO, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd., Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India Fig.1. Variation in patch shape for dual stacked antenna geometry

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The lower patch is parasitic and the outer patch is coaxial feed, the outer patch is parasitic and the outer patch is coaxial feed and both the inner and outer patch is parasitic and the outer patch is feed. All the designed patches have been stacked one over the driven patch.

3 DESIGN PARAMETERS
The various design parameters of the antenna areare as follows: TABLE 1 DESIGNING SPECIFICATION OF ANNULAR RING MICROSTRIP ANTENNA

Thickness of the dielectric substrate (h1=h2) Relative permittivity of the Dielectric substrate 2 Relative permittivity of the Dielectric substrate 1 Radius of upper patch (Driven Patch) Radius of lower patch(Parasitic Patch) Fig.2. 3-Dimensional Geometry of stacked antenna for hexagon

1.6 mm 4.5 2.2 12.5 mm 25.0 mm

The table has the values of Return Loss for different frequency points,from the table values it is quite clear that the antenna suits for various commercially available frequency range applications such as for GSM/UMTS(1.9GHz&2.1GHz), WiFiandIEEE802.11std.(3.6GHz) for WLAN and Wi-Max and for ISM band(2.4/5.8 GHz). This shows that the proposed antenna has wide application range for commercial application.

4 SIMULATED RESULTS
The simulated results shows the graph between important parameters such as directivity, gain and efficiency w.r.t the frequency. Fig. 3. shows the curve drawn in between directivity and frequency and it is noticeable that average value of directivity stands at 5 dBi and approaches upto 13 dBi as max for antenna design having octagonal in shape.

Fig.3. Cross section view of antenna

Fig.3. Antenna Directivity Comparison curve with variation in shape for circle (purple), pentagon (green), Hexagon (black) and Octagon (red)

Similarly the other parameter such as gain is compared for all

the design geometries of proposed antenna having variation in

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their geometrical shapes shown in Fig.4. The average value of gain is 5 dBi and on some frequency points it approaches upto 9.0 dBi. The value of gain for patch antenna as it is known remain found low, yet the gain of proposed antenna attains satisfactory value. Antenna efficiency w.r.t frequency variation curve is shown in Fig.5. It is clearly shown that the antenna

efficiency approaches upto 60% value in its respective frequency domain. Since all the four geometries of proposed antenna at variation in its geometrical shapes for multiband stacked antenna are analyzed on IE3D simulation software and in this regard a combined comparative graph is drawn in Fig.6 and its details are provided in tabular format in Table 2.

Fig.4. Antenna Gain vs. Frequency Comparison curve with variation in shape for circle (purple), pentagon (green), Hexagon (black), Octagon(red)

Fig.5. Antenna Efficiency vs. Frequency Comparison curve: with, variation in shape for circle (purple), pentagon (green), Hexagon (black) and Octagon(red)

Moreover from above discussion it is also noticeable that the proposed antenna pursues significant directivity from 5 dBi to 13 dBi (Fig.3) for wide range of frequency. Similarly Fig.4 depicts the curve of total gain vs. Frequency plot, as from the curve it is noteworthy that total gain approaches upto 9 dB values. The other important antenna parameters are efficiency of proposed antenna geometry from Fig.5 the curve illustrates antenna efficiency vs. frequency and from the curve it is notable that the antenna efficiency approaches 60% in this frequency range. The above values are quite promising for a good antenna design and the proposed antenna are well suited for wireless applications.
Fig.6. Comparision curve (simulated) of S11(dB) for all the geometries of dual arrowhead slotted antenna for variation in flair angle

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TABLE 2 COMPARISON OF RETURN LOSS FOR ANTENNA HAVING VARIATION IN SHAPES (CIRCLE, PENTAGON, HEXAGON AND OCTAGON)

[8]

[9]

Circular
Freq. (GHz) 8.69 9.12 9.60 S11 (dB) -13.2 -13.3 -11.6

Pentagon
Freq. (GHz) 2.93 5.64 5.94 7.38 8.61 9.10 10.00 S11 (dB) -9.6 -18.7 -19.6 -18.6 -17.7 -30.9 -23.0

Hexagon
Freq. (GHz) 2.88 3.72 5.11 6.24 8.52 9.27 9.50 9.81 S11 (dB) -19.0 -14.3 -13.0 -10.5 -27.9 -10.0 -21.0 -10.0

Octagon
Freq. (GHz) 2.70 3.85 7.04 8.12 9.25 9.39 10.0 S11 (dB) -18.9 -12.2 -14.0 -20.4 -22.5 -12.0 -22.5 [14] [13] [12] [10]

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5 CONCLUSION
A multi band stacked microstrip antenna for wireless application has been proposed, constructed, and tested using Zeland software. The proposed antennas have simple geometry whose performances are studied by variation in their geometrical shapes (Circle, Penta, Hexa, and Octa). As the proposed antenna design provides adoptability of various frequencies ranging from 2.7 GHz upto 9.6 GHz and provides characteristics such as 75% radiation efficiency and highly permissible gain upto 9.0 dB directivity upto 13 dBi. These promising characteristic are found higher than earlier design traditional wireless antennas. The proposed antenna has good directional-radiation characteristics. Furthermore, this antenna has many advantages such as easy fabrication, low cost and compact in size. Therefore, it is found quite suitable for wireless/WLAN/ applications.

[15]

[16]

W. Chen, K. F. Lee, and R. O. Lee, Input impedance of coaxially fed rectangular microstrip antenna on electrically thick substrate, Microwave optical Technology Letters, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 387390, 1993. F. Pues and R. Van De Capelle, An impedance matching technique for increasing the bandwidth of microstrip antenna, IEEE Transactions on Antennas Propagation, Vol. 37, pp. 13451354, 1989 J. S. Dahel and K. F. Lee, A dual-frequency stacked microstrip antenna, IEEE AP-S International Symposium Digest, pp. 30830 11, 1982 K. F. Lee, K. Y. Ho, and J. S. Dahele, Circular-disk microstrip antenna with air gap, IEEE Transactions on Antenna (USA) and Propagation, AP-32, pp. 880884, 1984. J. S. Dahele, K. F. Lee, and D. P. Wong, Dual frequency stacked annular ring microstrip antenna, IEEE Transactions Antennas and Propagation (USA) AP-35, pp. 1281 1285, 1987. S. Egashira and E. Nishiyama Stacked microstrip antenna with wide bandwidth and high gain, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation (USA) Vol. 44, No. 11, pp. 15331534, 1996. Waterhouse, R.B., Design of probe-fed stacked patches, IEEE Transactions Antennas & Propagation, vol. 47, pp. 17801784, Dec. 1999. Waterhouse, R.B., Stacked patches using high and low dielectric constant material combination, IEEE Transactions Antennas & Propagation, vol. 47, pp. 17671771, Dec. 1999. S. A. Long and M. D. Walton, "A Dual-Frequency Stacked Circular Disc Antenna," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagate, Vol. A, No. 3, March 1979, pp. 270-273.

Ishan Budhiraja did his B.Tech and M.Tech in Electronics and Communication form Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow, India and Mahrishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India in 2008 and 2012, respectively. He is currently working as an Assistant Professor in IIMT Engineering College, Meerut, India. Mohammad Aftab Alam Khan received his B.Tech (Electronics and Communication) from Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow, India in 2005 and M.Tech (Electronics and Telecommunication) from J.R.N Rajisthan Vidyapeeth University, Rajasthan, India in 2009. He has worked as Assistant Professor in the department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, IIMT Engineering College, Meerut, India. He is currently working in College of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia. His research interest includes Wireless communication, Microstrip Antenna designing and Image Processing. Mehwash Farooqui did his B.Tech (Electronics and Communication) from Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow, India in 2005 and M.Tech (Communication Engineering) from Shobhit University, Meerut with Gold medal in 2011. She has worked as Assistant Professor in the department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, IIMT Engineering College, Meerut, India. She is currently working in College of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Her research area of interest is Digital Communication, Antenna Designing.

REFERENCES
[1] [2] J. I. Bahl, and P. Bhartia, Microstrip Antennas, Dedham, MA, (USA) Artech House, 1980. J. R. James, P. S. Hall, and C. Wood, Microstrip antenna theory and design IEE Electromagnetic Wave, Series 12 London, U. K. Peter Peregrinus, 1981. K. C. Gupta, Recent advance in microstrip antenna, Microwave Journal, No. 27, pp. 5067, 1984. S. A. Long and M. D. Walton, A dual-frequency circular disc antenna, IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation USA, AP27, pp. 270273, 1979. R. L. Yadava and B. R. Vishvakarma, Analysis of electromagnetically coupled two-layer elliptical microstrip stacked antennas, International Journal of Electronics, Vol. 87, No. 8, pp. 981993, 2000. A. B. Nandgaonkar and S. B. Deosarkar, Broadband stacked patch antenna for bluetooth applications, Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Application, Vol. 8,No. 1, pp. 1 5, 2009. I. K. Moussa and D. A. E. Mohamed and I. badran, Analysis of stacked rectangular microstrip antenna, 24th National Radio Science Conference, March 13-15, pp. 1 10, 2007.

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[6]

Manoj kumar pal is correctly working as Junior Telecom Engineer, Meerut, India. He had worked as Assistant Professor at M.I.E.T Meerut. He is pursuing his Ph.D work in Fractal antenna design. He has published two textbooks on Digital electronics and automatic control system and many research papers on microstrip patch antenna design and biomedical signal processing.

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