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L VROLG

2.2. Desciorchinatul strugurilor

Desciorchinatul strugurilor
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tiv tipul de vin proiectat a se produce.

SDUWH

Pentru vinurile albe desciorchinatul s-D

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ai bun dect cel

rezultat dintr-R

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cnd ciorchinii nu sunt lignifica L potasiu etc.

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GH

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au un grad alcoolic mai ridicat cu circa 0,5 vol.% ,

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- IHUPHQWDUHD PXVWXLHOLL QHGHVFLRUFKLQDWH GHWHUPLQ  GLQ FRQWU  nuri cu gust ierbos de ciorchine (mai ales cnd acesta este verde), bogate n
DWXQFL FkQG VXQW WLQHUH 6H OLPSH]HVF JUHX GLQ

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lui alcoolic se
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2.3. Tratamente aplicate mustuielii

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aceasta provine din struguri albi

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'DF

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fa

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D HYLWD XUP ULOH QHIDVWH DOH R[LG ULL FHO PDL ELQH DU IL FD PXVWXLDOD V

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SH S U LOH VROLGH GHFkW vQ VXF -4 ori mai mult oxigen dect mustul. Astfel, s-a constat
vQ PXVWXLDO SRDWH V F  vQ WHKQRORJLD SURGXFHU UHFROWDWXOXL

OD   PLQXWH GH OD ]GURELUHD VWUXJXULORU FDQWLWDWHD GH R[LJHQ GL]ROYDW

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ii vinurilor albe separarea

D UHVWXULORU GH IUXQ]H L LQWHQVLILF EXWXFLORU GH 

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-3 ori
GH

activitatea oxidorectazelor. De aceea

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generalizat
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GXS

-a dovedit sulfitarea. Prin administrare de SO2 n timpul sau

FDWDOL]HD] DOWH PRGLILF UL QHGRULWH VXQW SXVH

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n stare de

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. n acest sens, trebuie

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corectat. -ar
GH XQ FRQVXP PDUH GH HQHUJLH LPSXV IDYRUL]HD] GL]ROYDUHD

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matice:
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D VXEVWDQ HORU SHFWLFH L D FHORU SURWHLFH FX PROHFXOH PDL PLFL GHWHUPLQ L DURPDWH R PLFRUDUH D

Transformarea lor din macromolecule coloidale n substaQ H

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n must.

2.4. Separarea mXVWXOXL GH ERWLQ

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pULPD HWDS

SRDUW

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Separarea mustului prin scurgere

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(VWH RSHUD LD FDUH SUHFHGH L XXUHD]

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cele din a doua categorie, continuu.

Separarea mustului prin presare

GH PXVW FDUH V LPSUHJQHD] ERWLQD GXS VFXUJHUH 2SHUD LD WUHEXLH DVWIHO

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eri, n special de la
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-a efectuat presarea.

2.5. Randamentul n must la prelucrarea strugurilor

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prelucrarea strugurilor sunt reglementate printr-un act normativ elaborat de Ministerul

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Randamentele de 76%, respectiv 83,5% sunt valabile numai pentru anii normali de
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presele continui;
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este de 1,075 g/cm , atunci din prelucrarea a 100 kg struguri re]XOW

  OLWUL PXVW GH SUHV 

 OLWUL PXVW GLQ FDUH

 L  OLWUL PXVW GH OD XOWLPD

presare (10%).

 7(+12/2*,$ 35(/8&5

5,, 08678/8,

$O WXUL GH WHKQRORJLD GH SUHOXFUDUH D VWUXJXULORU OD FDOLWDWHD YLLWRUXOXL YL L OXFU ULOH FH VH DSOLF

n mai contribuie

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ul fluxului tehnologic de prelucrare a strugurilor.

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tot n cadrul

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tanante.

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deburbarea acestora.

Asamblarea musturilor
L HYHQWXDO FX PXVWXO GH OD XOWLPD SUHVDUH SRDUW GLIHUHQ LDW ILHFDUH IUDF LXQH GH PXVW SUHFXP L vQ IXQF LH GH LQ VHDPD DWXQFL FkQG VH H[HFXW RSHUD LXQHD GH SULYLQ HVWH LOH SH FDUH OH SUH]LQW WUHEXLH V VH

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tipul de vin ce trebuie realizat. Un alt FULWHULX GH FDUH

DVDPEODUH HVWH DD GXS XQDQLP UHFXQRVFXW F PDWHULH SULP VH GD DOW

FXP V D DU WDW L WLSXO GH YLQ FH WUHEXLH UHDOL]DW Q DFHDVW

SHQWUX SURGXFHUHD YLQXULORU GH PDUH ILQH H VDX D FHO

or ce vor constitui

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UH]XOWDW GLQ DPHVWHFDUHD FHORUODOWH GRX vQWUHEXLQ DUH

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Cupajarea musturilor
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$PHVWHFDUHD XQXL PXVW FX DOWXO SURYHQLW GH OD XQ VRL PDL YDORURV vQ YHGHUHD ULGLF ULL LL SULPXOXL SRDUW QHFHVDU  FL GLQ FRQWU

SX LQ GHILQLW 8QHRUL VH DGDXJ DYDQWDMXO F

terul vinului rezultat este mai PLURV QDWXUDO -10% must provenit

dintr-un soi puternic aromat. Efectundu-VH

vQDLQWH GH IHUPHQWDUH DVHPHQHD LQWHUYHQ LH SUH]LQW

VH SRDWH SOHFD GH OD vQFHSXW FX XQ YLQ WkQ U PDL DURPLF GHFkW FHO FDUH DU UH]XOWD

ulterior din combinarea partenerilor ce au fermentat separat.

LPSULP

Deburbarea mustului
VWUXJXULORU FRQ LQH vQ VXVSHQVLH LPSXULW L VROLGH FDUH L SRDUW DFHVWXLD XQ DQXPLW JUDG GH WXOEXUHDO  $QVDPEOXO WXWXURU DFHVWRU LPSXULW

0XVWXO RE LQXW GLQ SUHOXFUDUHD

QXPHOH GH EXUE  LDU RSHUD LD GH OLPSH]LUH D PXVWXOXL L GH HOLPLQDUH D EXUEHL VH QXPHWH

deburbare.
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spori de mucegaiuri; levXUL L EDFWHULL FULVWDOH GH WDUWUD WDFLG GH SRWDVLX L WDUWUDW QHXWUX GH FDOFLX
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0HQ LQXW DFFHQWXDW FHL vQU XW

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VROXELOL GLQ LPSXULW

LOH VROLGH FH R DOF WXLHVF WUHF vQ ID]D OLFKLG  $FHDVW

vQ WLPSXO IHUPHQWD LHL PXVWXOXL GDWRULW HVF FDOLWDWHD SULQ GHEXUEDUH VH vQO WXU

raport de cantiWDWHD L QDWXUD FRQVWLWXHQ LORU H[WUDL YLQXO SRDWH F

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producerii unor astfel de vinuri. Procedee de deburbare Mustul tulbure poate fi considerat ca un sistem eterogen (suspensie) format dintr-un
PHGLX OLFKLG vQ FDUH VXQW GLVSHUVDWH SDUWLFXOH VROLGH GH GLIHULWH IRUPH L GLPHQVLXQL 6HSDUDUHD FHORU GRX ID]H OLFKLG VROLG vQ YHGHUHD RE LQHULL XQXL PXVW OLPSHGH VH SRDWH UHDOL]D ILH XWLOL

znd

DF LXQHD IRU HL JUDYLWD LHL

VDX

IRU HL

FHQWULIXJH

ILH

UH LQHUHD

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VROLGH

SH

VWUDWXUL

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VH HIHFWXH]H SULQ WUHL

mari procedee: sedimentare-GHFDQWDUH FHQWULIXJDUH L Iiltrare. a) Deburbarea mustului prin sedimentare decantare Sedimentarea FRQVW vQ GHSXQHUHD SULQ F GHUH OLEHU
LPSXULW LORU VROLGH GLVSHUVDWH vQ PDVD PXVWXOXL LDU VXE DF LXQHD IRU HL JUDYLWD LHL D HVWH RSHUD LD GH VHSDUH D

GHFDQWDUHD

lichidului limpede de pe sediment.

'HEXUEDUHD VXE DF LXQHD IULJXOXL QDWXUDO HVWH SRVLELO VH UHFROWHD] QRS LL WkU]LX vQ WRDPQHOH UHFL SRDWH IL DSOLFDW OD PXVWXULOH RE LQXWH GLQ VRLXUL FH GH IULJXO GLQ WLPSXO GHSXV GH VXQW vQ WLPSXO FX L OD VRLXUL PDL WLPSXULL 5H]XOWDWHOH VXQW EXQH PDL DOHV DWXQFL FkQG UHFROWD HVWH V Q WRDV  LDU PXVWXO EHQHILFLD] FRQVW GH vQ vQ VHSDUDUHD FXP PDL PXVWXOXL VXQW PRGXUL OLPSHGH $VWIHO GH FkQG EXUED DFHVWHD

Decantarea
VHGLPHQW ULL RSHUD LXQHD Q VH

IXQF LH

PRGXO

HFKLSDWH

YDVHOH

VDX

ED]LQHOH

GHFDQWDUH vQ PRG

SRDWH

H[HFXWD

PXOWH

SUHY ]XWH

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GH VXV vQ MRV D URELQHWHORU ILJ  /D XQHOH WLSXUL GH ED]LQH SRVLELOLWDWHD FD

decantaUHD
IXUWXQXO

VH SRDWH IDFH FX DMXWRUXO XQXL GLVSR]LWLY FX FRW PRELO FDUH SULQ URWLUH G

UHJO ULL vQ O LPLL GH SUHOXDUH &kQG YDVHOH GH GHFDQWDUH QX VXQW HFKLSDWH FX DVWIHO GH URELQH L VDX

dispozitive, tragerea mustului se face cu ajutorul unei pompe.

GH DVSLUD LH V ILH FRERUkW SURJUHVLY DGLF SH ,QWURGXFHUHD OXL GH OD vQFHSXW SkQ vQV L XWLOLWDWHD GHEXUE ULL 'LQWUH ED]LQH UHFODP EXUE VDX LQFRQYHQLHQWHOH GH OLPSH]LUH GHEXUE ULL SUHFXP L PXVWXOXL VSD LX SULQ IRUPDUHD XQRU FXUHQ L FDUH DQWUHQHD] SDUWH GLQ EXUE

Q DFHVW FD] VH YD DYHD JULM FH QLYHOXO OLFKLGXOXL

P VXU

VFDGH

DSURDSH GH OLQLD GH VHSDUD LH GLQWUH PXVW L GHSR]LW GXFH OD GLQ QRX vQ PXVW FRPSURPL kQGX VHGLPHQWDUH SHQWUX

-se astfel

LPSRVLELOLWDWHD FD RSHUD LXQHD V F ]L R GXUDW GH WLPS OXQJ

VH GHVI RDUH vQ IOX[ FRQWLQXX VXILFLHQW IRU GH PXQF

decantare se amintesc: QHFHVLWDWHD Ge a avea multe

DPSODVDUHD ORU RSHUD LXQHD

L UHODWLY PXOW

PDQXDO  L vQ ILQH YROXPXO GH

FDUH UH]XOW

HVWH vQ JHQHUDO SUHD PDUH

b) Deburbarea prin centrifugare Centrifugarea HVWH RSHUD LD GH VHSDUDUH VXE DF LXQHD IRU HL FHQWULIXJH D FRPSRQHQ LORU FX GHQVLWDWH GLIHULW GLQWU-un amestec eterogen (suspensie sau emulsie). Comparativ cu deburbarea prin sedimentare-decantare, limpezirea prin DFHVW SURFHGHX HVWH PXOW PDL UDSLG 
&ODXGH (  DUDW 9LWH]D GH F FHQWULIXJDUHD HVWH R GHFDQWDUH DFFHOHUDW  D SDUWLFXOHORU GH WXOEXUHDO GLQ PXVW VXE DF LXQHD FkPSXOXL SULQ H[SUHVLD vQGHS UWDUH FHQWULIXJDO SRDWH IL UHGDW

Vsc =

2g (p m )d p 2 9 m

r n 2

DSUR[LPDWLY HJDO

n care Vsc HVWH YLWH]D GH VHGLPHQWDUH vQ FkPS FHQWULIXJDO U HVWH UD]D GH URWD LH FDUH HVWH
FX UD]D FHQWULIXJHL LDU Q HVWH YLWH]D GH URWD LH YLWH]D GH VHGLPHQWDUH D LPSXULW LORU VROLGH GLQ PXVW

'LQ UHOD LD GH PDL VXV UHLHVH F FX FkW FHOH GRX YkVFR]LWDWHD GHQVLW L GLIHU

sub
D

DF LXQHD IRU HL FHQWULIXJH FD L vQ FD]XO VHGLPHQW ULL vQ FkPS JUDYLWD LRQDO HVWH FX DWkW PDL PDUH PDL PXOW vQWUH HOH GLDPHWUHOH SDUWLFXOHORU VXQW PDL PDUL LDU /D GHEXUEDUHD SULQ FHQWULIXJDUH YLWH]D GH vQGHS UWDUH PXVWXOXL PDL PLF 

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c) Deburbarea prin filtrare

Q P VXUD vQ FDUH HVWH QHYRLH V FRQVW VH RE LQ XQ PXVW FX OLPSLGLWDWH ULGLFDW  vQWU

-un termen

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vQ VHSDUDUHD SDUWLFXOHORU GH WXOEXUHDO FX FHOHODOWH GRX SULQ IDSWXO F RSHUD LL GH

GLQ PXVW OD WUHFHUHD DFHVWXLD SULQWU GH GLIHUHQ D GLQWUH GHQVLW

-un mediu poros.

ILOWUDUHD VH

&RPSDUDW

VHSDUDUH VHGLPHQWDUHD L FHQWULIXJDUHD

FDUDFWHUL]HD]

QX HVWH FRQGL LRQDW

LOH ID]HORU FDUH VH

VHSDU  $FHVW SURFHGHX HVWH vQV

H[WUHP GH SX LQ H[WLQV vQ SU

actica limpezirii mustului.

 )(50(17$

,$ , 0$&(5$

,$ 1 7(+12/2*,$

PRODUCERII VINULUI
 )HUPHQWD LD DOFRROLF
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D PXVWXOXL
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turi, din cele mai vechi timpuri. n schimb cauzele care-O SURYRDF
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altele,

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Q SUH]HQW IHUPHQWDUHD HVWH GHILQLW

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Prin acest pURFHV VH GHJDM

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D PXVWXOXL HVWH WRW XQ SURFHV ELRFKLPLF VSRQWDQ VDX SURYRFDW SULQ vQ DOFRRO HWLOLF L &22 FD SURGXL SULQFLSDOL vQVR L L GH R VHULH GH vQ UHDF LLOH GH WUDQVIRUPDUH D JOXFLGHORU GXS PHFDQLVPXO

SURGXL VHFXQGDUL 3URFHVXO GH DVHPHQHD HVWH H[RHQHUJLF LQWHUYLQ

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FX PROHFXOD UHDFWDQW

-substrat. La rndul lui acest

IRUPkQG SURGXL GH UHDF LH L G

UHLD

in nou ciclul respectiv.

6FKHPDWLF SURFHVXO VH SRDWH UHSUH]HQWDW vQ PRGXO XUP WRU

(Q]LP (Q]LP 'DWRULW IHUPHQWD LD FX

VXEVWUDW

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substrat

substrat+R
VXV QXPLW GH 3DVWHXU

GH UHDF LH  HQ]LP VH XQ SUDFWLF SURFHV

FRQVLGHUHQWHORU OHYXUL

YLQLFRO HVWH

numai
FDWDEROLF

vQWUXFkW

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HQHUJLD QHFHVDU

vQGHSOLQLULL IXQF LLORU ORU YLWDOH GLQ

LQWHUYHQ LD R[LJHQXOXL FRQIRUP UHDF LHL JOREDOH

C6H12O6
YHULJ HWDS 7HKQRORJLD IHUPHQW

2CH3 CH2OH+2CO2-33 Kcalorii

ULL PXVWXOXL D PXVWXOXL UHSUH]LQW R DFHDVW

Q WHKQRORJLD GH RE LQHUH D YLQXOXL DOE IHUPHQWD LD DOFRROLF GHFLVLY

vQWUXFkW HVWH HWDSD vQ FDUH HO VH QDWH 'H PRGXO FXP HVWH SDUFXUV

GHSLQGH vQ PDUH P VXU  QLYHOXO FDOLWDWLY DO YLQXOXL (D WUHEXLH UHDOL]DW

FkW PDL ELQH GLQ

SXQFW GH YHGHUH WHKQRORJLF vQWUXFkW DUH UHSHUFXUVLXQL L DVXSUD HYROX LHL XOWHULRDUH D YLQXOXL

Pentru ca fermentarea mustuOXL

FD vQ SULPXO UkQG V

VH GHFODQH]H L V

GHFXUJ

FkW PDL ELQH HVWH QHFHVDU 3ULPHOH VXQW GH RELFHL

VH DVLJXUH OHYXULORU XQ PHGLX RSWLP GH GH]YROWDUH $FHVWHD FD RULFH ILLQ H GH PHGLX DU PDL IL QHFHVDU YUHXQ DGDRV VXSOLPHQWDU

YLL DX QHYRLH GH VXEVWDQ H QXWULWLYH L DQXPLWH FRQGL LL

asiJXUDWH GH F
vPSLHGLFDW

WUH PXVW FD DWDUH I U

'LQWUH FRQGL LLOH GH PHGLX VH PDL vQWkOQHVF vQ SULQFLSDO DHUD LD L WHPSHUDWXUD $HUD LD DWkW FkW HVWH QHYRLH VH UHDOL]HD]  vQ SURFHVXO GH SUHOXFUDUH DO VWUXJXULORU 8OWH SULQ HFKLSDUHD YDVHORU FX GLVSR]LWLYH SULQ FDUH VH OLPLWHD] YD WUHEXL FD VROX LLOH WHKQLFH DGRSWDWH V

rior, ea este
L GH R

S WUXQGHUHD DHUXOXL FDUH

GHJDMDUH GH F OGXU

n schimb, permit evacuarea CO2

QWUXFkW UHDF LD GH GHJUDGDUH D JOXFLGHORU HVWH vQVR LW

DVLJXUH QX QXPDL HOLPLQDUHD JD]XOXL

FDUERQLF L D H[FHVXOXL GH F OGXU  8PSOHUHD YDVHORU GH IHUPHQWDUH FX PXVW L HFKLSDUHD ORU

'XS RE LQHUHD DVDPEODUHD L DSOLFDUHD XQRU HYHQWXDOH WUDWDPHQWH (ca de exemplu, sulfitare, bentonizare, tratament termic, tratament enzimatic etc.)- mustul este dirijat n vasele de IHUPHQWDUH 6H SUHFL]HD] UH]HUY F DFHVWHD QX VH XPSOX FRPSOHW /D ILHFDUH GLQ HOH VH ODV GLQ XQ VSD LX GH QXPLW JRO GH IHUPHQWDUH FDUH vQ JHQHUDO HVWH GH DSUR[LPDWLY 

capacitatea butoiului. Cnd musturile au fost deburbate, golul de fermentare poate fi redus la 5% . Din
FRQWU  GDF SRDWH V VH SUHYHGH R IHUPHQWDUH PDL WXUEXOHQW  DD FXP HVWH FD]XO OD PXVWXULOH SURYHQLWH SkQ OD   XUDUH DOH IHUPHQWD LHL DOFRROLFH L SRVWIHUPHQWDWLY  VH GHVI RDU GH OD LQWURGXFHUHD PDVD GH OLFKLG VH WXOEXUH LDU L GLQ VWUXJXUL LQFRPSOHW FRS L DWXQFL SHQWUX D VH HYLWD SHULFROXO GHERUG ULL VSD LXO GH UH]HUY FUHDVF

)D]HOH GH GHVI

)HUPHQWDUHD PXVWXOXL QX GHFXUJH vQ PRG XQLIRUP Q GHVI XUDUHD DFHVWXL SURFHV VH SRW GLVWLQJH WUHL ID]H SUHIHUPHQWDWLY  GH IHUPHQWDUH WXPXOWRDV )D]D SUHIHUPHQWDWLY  QXPLW L ID] LQL LDO 

a)

PXVWXOXL vQ YDVXO GH IHUPHQWDUH SkQ WHPSHUDWXUD XUF

OD GHJDMDUHD HYLGHQW

Macroscopic, n cursul acestei faze, se observ FXP 0 OHQW FX - 3 & &RQ LQXWXO vQ JOXFLGH vQFHSH V
VH IRUPHD] vQ OLFKLG 7UHSWDW vQV VSXP &22 vQFHSH V

D &22 GLQ WRDW VFDG

PXVWXO vQFHSH V

L LPSOLFLW VH PLFRUHD]

GHQVLWDWHD PXVWXOXL &X WRDWH F GHRDUHFH HO VH GL]ROY IRUPHD] FDUH V F

&22 GHJDMDUHD DFHVWXLD LQL LDO QX VH REVHUY  VH GHJDMH LDU OD VXSUDID D OLFKLGXOXL VH QXPLW JRO GH IHUPHQWDUH

FHD FH LPSXQH SUH]HQ D XQXL DQXPLW VSD LX GH UH]HUY

Q FRQGL LLOH vQ FDUH YDVXO QX HVWH HFKLSDW FX SkOQLL GH IHUPHQWDUH VDX DOWH GLVSR]LWL vQ VSXPD IRUPDW

ve de nchidere
IDSWXOXL

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OD VXSUDID D OLFKLGXOXL vQ SUH]HQ D DHUXOXL VH SRW GH]YROWD XRU L DOWH

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-3 zile.
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b)

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]JRPRWRDV

VH GHVI RDU

GH OD WHUPLQDUHD ID]HL

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levurile se nmul HVF

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D GHJDM ULL GH &22 Q DFHDVW

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- 300&

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