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bài tập Vi mô 2
bài tập Vi mô 2
Ba 1: Trong nhng nm 2005, sn xut ng M: 11,4 t pao; tiu dng 17,8 t pao;
gi c M 22 xu/pao; gi c th gii 8,5 xu/pao nhng gi c v s lng y c h s
co dn ca cu v cung l Ed = -0,2; Es = 1,54.
1. Xc nh phng trnh QS v QD v ng trn th trng M. Xc nh gi cn bng ng
trn th trng M.
Phng trnh ng cung v ng cu v ng trn th trng M c dng:
QS = a+b.P
QD = c+d.P
Trong ta c:
ES = Q/P.P/QS = b.P/QS =1,54 => b = 1,54.QS/P = 1,54.11,4/22 = 0,798.
QS = a + b.P 11,4 = a+0,798.22 => a = -6,156.
ED = Q/P.P/QD = d.P/QD = -0,2 => d =(-0,2).QD/P =(-0,2).17,8/22 = -0,162.
QD = c + d.P 17.8 = c+ (-0,162).22 => c= 21,364.
Phng trnh ng cung v ng cu ln lt l:
QS = -6,156 + 0,798.P
QD = 21,364 0,162.P
Gi cn bng trn th trng M :
Q S = QD
-6,156 + 0,798.P = 21,364 0,162.P
P = 28,67
QD QS = 6,4
21,364 - 0,162.P (-6,156 + 0,798.P) = 6,4
P = 22
=>QS = 11,4
=>QD = 17,8
QD = 19,987.
QS
QD
2002
34
31
2003
2,2
35
29
V ta xt th trng trong 2 nm lin tip nn P,Q trong cng thc tnh co dn cung cu l
P,Q bnh qun.
ES = (2,1/34,5) x [(35 34)/(2,2 2)] = 0,3
ED = (2,1/30) x [(29 31)/(2,2 2)] = 0,7
2. Xy dng phng trnh ng cung v ng cu la go ca Vit Nam.
Ta c :
QS = aP + b
QD = cP + d
Trong : a = QS/P = (35 34) / (2,2 2) = 5
b = QD/P = (29 -31) / (2,2 2) = -10
Ta c: QS = aP + b
b = QS aP = 34 5.2 = 24
v
QD = cP + d
d = QD cP = 31 +10.2 = 51
PO = 1,8
QO = 33
P = 1,93; Q = 5P + 24 = 33,65
Thng d:
P
S
D
P=
2,2
P=
2,09
1,
93
1,
8
A
D
H
C
2
9
D
+quot
a
33
33,65
Khi chnh ph p t mc thu xut khu bng 5% gi xut khu th gi ca lng xut khu s
gim: 2,2 5% x 2,2 = 2,09.
- CS = 1/2 x (29 + QD(P=2,09)) x (2,2 2,09)
= 1/2 x [29 + (-10 x 2,09 + 51)] x 0,11
= 1/2 x (29 + 30,1) x 0,11
= 3,25
- PS = - { 1/2 x (AE + QS(P=2,09)) x (2,2 2,09)
= - {1/2 x [35 + (5 x 2,09 +24)] x 0,11
= - [1/2 x (35 + 34,45) x 0,11)] = -3,82
- Chnh ph:
CP = 1/2 x (2,2 2,09) x (QS(P=2,09) QD(P=2,09))
= 1/2 x 0,11 x (34,45 30,1) = 0,239
- NW = CS + PS + CP = 3,25 -3,82 + 0,239
= -0,33
6. Gia vic nh thu xut khu v p dng quota xut khu, gii php no nn c la chn
Theo tnh ton ca cu 4,5 (quota = 2 v TXK = 5% gi xut khu) th Chnh ph nn chn gii
php nh thu xut khu. V r rng khi p dng mc thu ny phc li x hi b thit hi t
hn khi p dng quota = 2, ng thi chnh ph thu c 1 phn t vic nh thu (0,239).
Bi 3:
(D): P = 25- 9QD
(S): P= 4+ 3,5QS
1. Th trng cn bng khi:
Suy ra:
QS = QD =1,68
= 25D v tiu dng khi th trng cn bng:
2. ThngP d
sn9Q
xut
P = 9,88
P= 4+ 3,5QS
Ta c:
CS = +C-B=2,14-1,31=+0,83
PS = -C-D=-2,1432-0,5076=-2,6508
Do chnh ph phi nhp khu lng thiu ht vi gi 11ng/sn phm
G=-11*(1,89-1,14)=-8,25
Tng phc li rng x hi:
NW=CS+PS+G=-10,0708
b. Gii php 2: Ptr cp=2 ng/sn phm v chnh ph khng can thip vo gi
(D): PD = 25- 9QD
(S): PS= 4+ 3,5QS
Tr cp tiu dng lm tng PS v gim PD
PS-PD= 2
Suy ra:
QD=QS=1,84
PD=8,44
PS=10,44
CS=+C+D=+0,5*(1,68+1,84)*(9,88-8,44)=+2,5344
PS=+A+B=0,5*(1,68+1,84)*(10,44-9,88)=+0,9856
G=-A-B-C-D-E=-1,84*2=-3,68
Tng phc li rng x hi:
NW=CS+PS+G=-0,16
Kt lun:
Do gii php 2 c tng thit hi rng x hi thp hn gii php 1, thng d ngi tiu dng v
sn xut tng, phn b ra ca chnh ph t.
Vy gii php 2 ph hp hn.
4. Mi quan h gia sn phm A v sn phm B
Khi PAmax = 8
QB = 7,5 -5 = 2,5
S co gin cho ca A v B:
EBA =
QB PA
2,5 * 9,88
*
=
= 2,628
QB PA 5 * (8 9,88)
a. Khi :
PD - PS =2
QS=QD= 1,52
PS=11,32
PD= 9,32
G=Q*Pm=-C-B-D
NW=-B-D
Bo v quyn li ca NSX
P
Pm
Po
Q1
Q2
P
P1
C
Po
Q1
Qo
Khi gi ban u Po = 2 USD/n v, vi chi tiu 10.000 USD/nm, th s lng thc phm tiu
dng trong nm l: Qo = 5.000 (n v TP)
Khi chnh ph nh thu, gi tng ln P = 4 (USD/n v TP)
Ed =
Q P
x = 1
P Q
P1 + Po
Q1 Qo
2
x
= 1
1' Po Q1 + Qo
2
4Q1 = 2 Qo
Q1 = 2.500 (n v TP)
Mc chi tiu cho thc phm l: 2.500 x 4 = 10.000 (USD)
Tin tit kim c: 25.000 10.000 = 15.000 (USD)
Cu 2:
Khi ngi ph n c tr cp thm 5.000 USD th thu nhp ca ngi ph n ny l: I1
= 25.000 USD + 5.000 USD = 30.000 USD.
Io = 25.000 USD
Ed =
Q I
x = 0,5
I Q
I1 + Io
Q 2 Q1
2
x
= 0,5
I 1 Io Q 2 + Q1
2
21000 Q2 = 23.000 Q1
Q2 = 2.738 (n v TP)
Tin chi tiu cho thc phm: 2.738 x4 = 10.952 (USD)
Tin tit kim c: 30.000 10.952 = 19.048 (USD)
Cu 3:
Vi thu nhp 25000 USD, gi thc phm P0 = 2 (USD/n v), th mua c: Q0 = 5.000
(n v TP), v tit kim c 15.000 USD
Sau khi c tr cp, thu nhp tng ln l 30.000 USD, gi thc phm P1 = 4 (USD/n
v), th mua c: 2.738 (n v TP) v tit kim c 19.048 USD.
Tin tit
kim
19048
1500
A
U3
U2
U1
2500 2738
Thc
phm
5000
Py=5,
I=100
Px
X 1 = 12,5
Y 4
MRS = P
=
X 5
Y1 = 10
y
I = P X + P Y
100 = 4 X + 5Y
U = 125
x
y
1
X 2 = 10
Y 5
MRS = P
=
X 5
Y2 = 10
y
I = P X + P Y
100 = 5 X + 5Y
U = 100
x
y
2
Bi 3:
Cu 1:
Ta c: I0 = 5.000.000
Px = 1.000
Py = 2.000
Hm hu dng: U(x,y) = X1/3Y2/3
Ta c: tha dng cn bin ca X v Y l :
MUx =
M :
1 -2/3 2/3
2
X Y , MUy = X1/3Y-1/3
3
3
MUx Px 1
=
=
MUy Py 2
Vo ng ngn sch :
T (1)
1 -1
1
X Y=
2
2
1 / 3 X 2 / 3Y 2 / 3 1
=
2 / 3 X 1 / 3Y 1 / 3 2
I = PxX + PyY
(1)
1000X + 2000Y = 5000000
(2)
X = Y (3)
5000 2
3
5000/3
5000/3
M (3)
X=Y
X1 = Y1 = 1500
Cu 3 :
Khi min thu thu nhp cho cc khan ng gp t thin, th :
5.000.000 = 1000X + 2000Y + 10% (5.000.000 1000X)
M X = Y X = Y = 1552
S tin ng gp cho t thin : 1552 x 1000 = 1.552.000 (ng)
S tin dng tiu dng hng ha : 1552 x 2000 = 3.104.000 (ng)
Cu 4 :
Hm hu dng: U(x,y) = X2/3Y2/3
MUx =
2 -1/3 2/3
X Y
3
MUy =
2 2/3 -1/3
X Y
3
M :
MUx Px 1
=
=
MUy Py 2
2 / 3 X 1 / 3Y 2 / 3 1
=
2 / 3 X 2 / 3Y 1 / 3 2
1
2Y = X
2
(5)
(6)
X-1Y =
M => U = 4
Gi M1, M2, M3, M4 ln lt l s tin c c sau khi chi tr chi v xy ra cc kt cc: 0-0;
0-P; P-0; P-P. Ta c:
M1 = 16+20 = 36 => U1 = 6
- M2 = 16+9 = 25=> U2 = 5
- M3 = 16-7 = 9 => U3 = 3
- M4 = 16-16 = 0=> U4 = 0
M xs xy ra cho mi trng hp l 0.25
-
Hu dng k vng l:
E(U) = 0.25(6+5+3+0) = 3.5 < U = 4
Vy A khng nn chi tr chi ny
M =
49 13 = 6
Hu dng k vng :
E(U) = P1.U1 + P2 .U2 = 0,5.(8 + 6) = 7
Hu dng ban u ca B :
E(U0) =
49 = 7
Ta thy E(U) = E(U0) v E(X) > 0, B nn tham gia tr chi v k vng s thng c 1$
trong tr chi.
3. Trong trng hp nga, B thua 15$
U2 = M = 49 15 = 5,83
E(U) = 0,5.(8 + 5,83) = 6,92
Ta thy E(U) < E(U0), B khng nn tham gia tr chi ny.
Bi 3:
Sau khi tt nghip trng A, Mai s c mc lng
-
M = 100 = 10
UA2 =
M =
25 = 5
M =
69 = 8,31
4
3
2
1
0
0
10
20
30
th hm hu dng ca Mai
40
Bi 4:
Thiu ht
Khng thiu ht
Xc sut (P)
1/3
2/3
C phiu A
5 xu
10 xu
C phiu B
7 xu
4 xu
1. Xc nh k vng, sai lch chun, phng sai ca c cu u t:
i vi c phiu A:
EA= 1/3*5 + 2/3*10 = 8,3 xu
Thu nhp k vng ca 400 c phiu A: 400*8,3 = 3320 xu
=1/3*(5 8,3)2 + 2/3*(10 -8,3)2 = 5,56 xu
(y l ri ro u t trn 1 c phiu A)
=2,358
i vi c phiu B:
EB = 1/3*7 + 2/3*4 = 5xu
Thu nhp k vng ca 60 c phiu B: 60*5 = 300 xu
=1/3*(7 5)2 + 2/3*(4 -5)2 = 2 xu
= 1,4142
2. Nhn xt:
-
Nu dng chnh sch ny cho khch hng ring l th li nhun ca rp phim l phn din
tch gii hn bi D2 v trc tung (*)
Nu dng chnh sch ny cho khch hng cp th li nhun ca rp phim l phn din
tch gii hn bi D1 v trc tung (**)
Ta c:
=>
QE = 1800 400.PE
PE = 45 QE/400
TRE = PE.QE = (45-QE/400).QE = 45.QE QE2/400
MRE = 45 QE/200
QU = 5500 100.PU
=>
PU =55 QU/100
TRU = PU.QU = (55 QU/100).QE = 55.QU QU2/100
MRU = 55 QU/50
MRE = MC
45 QE/200 = 15
QE = 6000
=>
PE = 30 000 USD
MRU = MC
55 QU/100 = 15
QU = 2000
PU = 35 000 USD
Tng doanh thu : TR = TRE + TRU = 30.6000 + 35.2000 = 250 (triu USD)
Tng chi ph: TC = C + V = 20 000 + (QE + QU).15
= 20 000 + (6000 + 2000).15 = 140 (triu USD)
Tng li nhun thu c:
2. Nu BMW b buc phi nh gi ging nhau trn tng th trng. Tnh sn lng c th bn
trn mi th trng? Gi cn bng v li nhun ca mi cng ty?
Khi nh gi ging nhau trn tng th trng th ta c: (PE = PU = P)
Q = 8000
P = 31 000 USD
Tng li nhun:
Bi 2
P1=15-Q1
MR1=15-2Q1
P2=25-2Q2
MR2=25-4Q2
TC=5+3(Q1+Q2)
Tnh gi, sn lng, li nhun doanh thu bin v khong mt khng ca hng (1) nu nh
c quyn c th phn bit gi, (2) nu php lut cm nh gi khc nhau cho 2 vng khc nhau?
1) Trng hp phn bit gi:
ti a ha li nhun: MR1=MR2=MC
* TC=5+3(Q1+Q2) MC=3
15-2Q1=25-4Q2=3
Q1=6 v P1=9
Q2=5.5 v P2=14
* TR=TR1+TR2=131
TR1=P1*Q1=9*6=54
TR2=P2*Q2=5.5*14=77
*TC=5+3(Q1+Q2)=39.5
*=TR-TC=91.5
2) Trng hp php lut cm nh gi khc nhau cho hai vng khc nhau:
Ta c: Q=Q1+Q2=(15-P)+(12.5-P/2)=27.5-1.5P
Q=3
MR = MC
Q= 1
Bi 3:
1) Ta c:
(D) Q = 500 P
TR = 500Q Q2
MR = 500 Q
TC = 3000 + 100*Q
MC = 100
ti a ha li nhun th :
MR = MC
500 Q = 100
Q = 200
P = 300
= TR TC = 10 000
2)Ta c :
TC = 41000 + 100*Q
Tng t nh trn ti a ha li nhun th :
MR = MC
Q = 200
P = 300
= TR TC = -1000
P=
MR = Q
305
300
250
AC1
AC2
100
MR
200
3)Ta c:
ng cu nh kinh doanh
QA = 260 0.4*P
ng cu sinh vin
QB = 240 -0.6*P
Ta c
500 P ( P 400)
260 0.4* P (400 P 650)
QT
500 P ( P 400)
260 0.4* P (400 P 650)
500 Q( P 400)
P=
650 2.5* QT (400 P 650)
QT
MC
Q
QT = 200, PT = 300(thoa)
MAX MRT=MC
QT = 110, PT = 375(loai )
Vy EA s bn :QT=200,PT=300
nh gi cho A: MRT=MC=MRA
650-5QA=100
QA=110
PA=375
nh gi cho B:MRT=MC=MRB
400-10/3*QB=100
QB=90
PB=250
= A+ B
= TRA+TRB-TC
= 110*375+90*250-41000-100*200
=2750
65 P
0
40
0
37
5
250
10
0
MC
11
0
90 Q
Khach hang A
khach hang B
105
0
240
26
0
Khach hang A=B
Ta thy khi thu th phim t hn 20 phim 1 nm th vic lm hi vin s khng c li cho khch
hng. Khi thu nhiu hn 20 phim th lm hi vin hay vic nh gi 2 phn s c li cho khch
hng do chi ph thp hn.
Vic nh gi 2 phn ca hng th nhm chim ot thng d ca khch hng ,gip tng li
nhun ca hng ,Bn cnh th khi khch hng tr l ph hi vin th h s c xu hng s
mn nhiu hn 20 phim nhm c th cm thy tho mn hn nhng ngi khng phi l hi
vin v nu khng phi l hi vin th s tr chi ph cao hn khi mn nhiu hn 20 phim.
Hng cho khch hng 2 s la chn thay v ch c nh gi 2 phn v :trn th trng lun tn ti
nhng ngi mun mn nhiu hn v t hn 20 phim, cho khch hng 2 s la chn nhm gip
tu tng i tng m h s chn phng n tt nht cho chnh mnh ,nu ch c vic nh gi 2
phn th nhm ngi c cu v phim t hn 20 ,h s cm thy khng t c tho dng cao
nn h c th s khng mn khi hng s mt i m6t5 phn li nhun .
Bi 5.
a. Xc nh l ph thu bao v l ph s dng cho tng nhm khch hng:
Khch hng l vin nghin cu: (D1) Q=8 -P
MR= 9- Q/10
Li nhun ti a khi MR=MC
9 Q/10 = 2
Q =70; P=5,5
=0
Gi 2
Gi gp
Li nhun.
39,95
39,95
79,8
Bn gp thun ty
79,95
119,85
Bn gp hn hp
69,9
69,9
79,95
139,75
2QA-1/2 1 = 0 (2)
T (2) => A1/2 = 2Q
Th vo (1) => -14Q + 90 +4 (2Q) = 0
=> -6Q + 90 = 0
=>
= 15
A = (2Q)2 = (2 x 15)2
= 900
P = 100 3Q + 4A1/2
= 100 3 x 15 + 4 x 9001/2
= 175
2. Tnh ch s c quyn Lerner , L = (P MC)/P cho hng ny ti mc A,P,Q m bo ti a
ha li nhun.
MC l chi ph bin l o hm bc nht ca hng tng chi ph
d. MC = (4Q2 + 10Q +A)
= 8Q +10
Ti im ti a ha li nhun Q =15 => MC = 8 x 15 + 10 = 130
Ch s c quyn Lerner : L = (P MC)/P
= (175 130)/175 = 0,257
Bi 1.
a. Ta c ma trn sau :
Hng B
Hng
A
Thp
(h thng chm L)
Cao
(h thng nhanh H)
Thp
(h thng chm L)
30,30
50,35
Cao
(h thng nhanh H)
40,60
20,20
Xt cc trng hp sau:
Vi hng A
Nu A chn L :
B chn L th A = B = 30
B chn H th A = 50; B = 35
=> kt cc xu nht l A v B u chn L, khi A = 30
Nu A chn H :
B chn L th A = 40; B = 60
B chn H th A = B = 20
=> kt cc xu nht l A v B u chn H, khi A = 20
Vi hng B
Nu B chn L :
A chn H th A = 40, B = 60
A chn L th A = B = 30
=> kt cc xu nht l A v B u chn L, khi B = 30
Nu B chn H :
A chn H th A = B = 20
A chn L th A = 50, B = 35
=> kt cc xu nht l A v B u chn H, khi B = 20
Nu c hai hng u khng bit hng kia s chi bao nhiu c c quyn ra thng bo
trc th c hai hng u phi chi bt u ln k hoch ca mnh.
Nhng trong trng hp ny, khi hng B bit c rng ti a ha li nhun hng mnh
m hng A ch c th ti a l 10 cho vic xc tin k hoch t c li th ra thng bo
trc; hng B ch cn chi ra mt khon ln hn 10 lm nn lng hng A v c c li th ra
thng bo trc. V nu hng A cng bit c thng tin ca hng B, th ti a ha li nhun
ca mnh hng A s khng chi g bt u cho k hoch ca mnh c. V lng tin ti a m
hng B c th b ra (25) ln hn kh nhiu so vi s tin m hng A sn sng chi tr (10).
Do , trong trng hp ny hng A chi ht 10 cng khng m bo c th tr thnh ngi
c li th ra thng bo trc. Mt khc, nu bit hng A s chi 10 v hng B s chi nhiu hn
na tr thnh ngi c li th ra thng bo trc. V trong trng hp ny, li nhun ca
hng A s khng cn l 40 na m l 30, v chi trc 10 tr thnh ngi c li th ra
thng bo trc nhng khng thnh. Do , i vi hng A, chin lc khn ngoan nht l
khng chi g c tr thnh ngi i sau.
Hng 2
Bi 2:
Thp
Cao
Hng 1
a. Nu hng 1 chn
Cao
100, 800
50,50
sn xut hng ha
cht lng cao th
hng 2 s chn sn
Thp
-20, -30
900, 600
xt hng ha cht
lng thp ti
a ha li nhun l 800 thay v 50 nu sn xut hng cht lng cao v nu hng 1 chn
sn xut hng ha cht lng thp th hng 2 s chn sn xt hng ha cht lng cao
ti a ha li nhun l 600 thay v -30 nu sn xut hng cht lng thp.
Tng t, nu hng 2 chn sn xut hng ha cht lng cao th hng 1 s chn sn xt
hng ha cht lng thp ti a ha li nhun l 900 thay v 50 nu sn xut hng cht
lng cao v nu hng 2 chn sn xut hng ha cht lng thp th hng 1 s chn sn
xt hng ha cht lng cao ti a ha li nhun l 100 thay v -30 nu sn xut hng
cht lng thp.
y l chin lc cn bng Nash
b. Hng 1: max(-20;50)=50
Hng 2: max((-30;50)=50
Nu c hai hng cng ra quyt nh cng mt lc v theo chin lc t ri ro th kt cc c hai
hng u chn k hoch l thp v li nhun mi hng l 50.
c. Chin lc hp tc l hng 1 sn xut hng ha cht lng thp cn hng 2 sn xut hng cht
lng cao tng li nhun l cc i.
d. Hng 1 s c li nhiu nht t kt qu hp tc l 900 so vi hng 2 ch c 600.
thuyt phc hng 2 tham gia chin luc hp tc hng fi tr 1 khang 0<T<150
Bi 3 :
K
Trc
Sau
nh 2
Knh 1
Trc
18,18
23,20
sau
4,23
16,16
Bng trn miu t s im m khch hng cho mi knh i vi s sp xp chng trnh ln ca
mi knh .
a/Khi 2 hng ra quyt nh cng 1 lc ,cn bng Nash ?
D knh 2 c hnh ng g th knh 1 lun c li khi trnh din trc , Ta thy chin lc trnh
din chng trnh ln Trc ca knh1 l chin lc tri nn knh lun mun pht Trc
.Nn 2 knh chn chiu Sau c th mang li cho hng 2 s im l 20. Khi cn bngNash
l :18,18;23,20.
b/Nu mi knh chn chin lc Maxximin th cn bng u ?
Knh 1 khi cho trnh din Trc th s thng pht t hi nht i vi n s xy ra khi hng
2cng chn pht Trc v knh 1 c 18, khi Knh 1 khi cho trnh din Sau th s thng pht
t hi nht i vi n s xy ra khi hng 2 cng chn pht Trc v knh 1 c 4.Vi ti a
ti thiu bo tn s thng pht th knh 1 chn pht Trc .
Tng t Knh 2 khi cho trnh din Trc th s thng pht t hi nht i vi n s xy ra khi
hng 1cng chn pht Trc v knh 2 c 18,khi Knh 2 khi cho trnh din Sau th s thng
Bi 5.
Theo bi:
MC = MC1=MC2=0
(D): P=30 Q
TR1= 30Q1-
-Q1Q2
MR1=30 -2Q1-Q2
khi MR1=MC1=0
(1)
Hng i th:
TR2= 30Q2-
- Q 1 Q2
MR2= 30 Q1 2Q2
khi MR2=MC2=0
(2)
Q1=Q2=10
P=10
ng da vo Q1 ca cng ty 1.
Sn lng ca cng ty i th:
Q2 = 15 0,5Q1
Mc khc, ti a ha li nhun ca mnh cng ty s sn xut ti:
MR1=MC1=0
Thay Q2 vo ta c:
Q1= 15
Q2= 7,5
Khi cng ty thng bo sau:
Q1=15 0,5Q2
khi MR2=MC2=0
30 Q1 2Q2=0
Thay Q1 vo phng trnh trn:
Q2=15;
Q1= 7,5
7,5
10
15
7,5
112,5;112,5
93,75;125
56,25;112,5
10
125;93,75
100;100
50;75
15
112,5;56,25
75;50
0;0
Defendo
CA(q) = 10 + 8q
MCA = 8
CB(q) = 60 + 2q
MCB = 2
P = 20 Q
MR = 20 2Q
QA = 6
PA = 14
A
Li nhun:
Vi CN B:
MCB = MR
2 = 20 2QB
QB = 9
PB = 11
B
Ta thy
= 26 >
= 21
Phn phi
ban u
Jane
8X , 2Y
-3X , +1Y
5X , 3Y
-1X, +1Y
7X , 3Y
Bob
2X , 4Y
+1X , -1Y
3X , 3Y
+1X, -1Y
3X , 3Y
10X, 6Y
Bi 2:
MRS = 1
8X , 6Y
10X, 6Y
Qg = 50
Qs = 200
Pg = 850 - Qg + 0,5Ps v
1/ Ps = ?
Ps = 540 - Qs + 0,2Pg
Pg = ?
-0,2Pg + Ps = 340
Pg
1077,78
Ps
555,56
2/ Qg = 85
Qs = 200
Pg = 850 85 + 0,5Ps
Pg 0,5Ps = 765
-0,2Pg + Ps = 340
Pg
P g
1038,89
P s
547,78
Ps
Sg Sg
Ss
1077,78
1042,78
1039,28
1038,93
1038,89
555,56
50 85
Qg
Bi 3:
X = X 1 + X 2 = 60
Y = Y1 + Y2 = 120
Xc nh ng cu sn phm X
(X,Y)
548,56
547,86
547,79
547,78
200
Qs
MRS
DX =
Y
= =
X
PX
P
PX +=
X PY Y I
A=
XA
YA
YA PX
MR
=
S A= =
X
X A PY
IA =
PXX+
PY YA
A
IB =
PXX+
PY YB
B
I
A: X A = A
2PX
YA =
IA
2PY
Y = Y A + YB = 120
I
B : XB = B
2PX
I
YB = B
2 PY
X = XA + XB 60
=
Y = Y A + YB = 120A
MRS
=MRS B=
Ti im phn b hng :
YA
Y
P
= B = X = 2 PX = 2
X A X B PY
PX
PY
IA
PX
Bi 5
Phn b ngun lc ban u l A:X1=30,Y1=120,B:X2=180,Y2=90
Hm li ch ca h tng ng l U1 =X1*Y1=3600,U2 =X2*Y2=16800.
1/hnh hp Edgeworth
Nn Y1/X1 =Y2/X2=(X1+X2)/(Y1+Y2)=1
Suy ra :X1=Y1,X2=Y2 .Vy phng trnh ng bng quan l X=Y
5/To giao im ca ng hp ng vi cc ng bng quan i qua im phn b ngun
lc ban u ca A v B .
i vi A ,X1 v Y1 l nghim ca h :Y1=3600/X1,X1=Y1 ta c X1=Y1=60
i vi B ,X2 v Y2 l nghim ca h :Y2=16200/X2,X2=Y2 ta c X2=Y2=127,279
6/Gi s A v B c th trao i sn phm .Khi Px=1,Py=2
a/ S n v X,Y m A v B c th mua .
A v B c th t hiu qu trong tiu dng th MUx/Px=MUy/Py
i vi A ta c h Y1=X1/2 v ng ngn sch ca A
:Px*X1+Py*Y1=X1+2Y1=30*1+120*2 =270
Ta c X1=135,Y1=67,5
i vi B th ta gii tng t ta c :X2=180,Y2=90
Lc :X=X1+X2=135+180=315>210 .Do s phn bX ny khng p ng c nhu cu
x hi do thiu X ,lm cho X c xu hng tng gi .
Y=Y1+Y2=67,5+90=157,5<210.Do s phn b ny khng tn dng ht Y ,do Y s c xu
hng gim gi
b/Khi Px=3/2,Py=3/2 ,do thu nhp khng i nn t hiu qu trong tiu dng th
MUx/Px=MUy=Py
Gii tng t nh trn ta c A :X1=Y1=90,B:X2=Y2=120
Khi X=X1+X2 =210,Y=Y1+Y2=210
y l im phn b ngun lc c hiu qu .
c/Tng hu dng ca 2 ngi lc u l :120*30+90*180=19800
Tng hu dng ca 2 ngi lc sau l 90*90+120*120=22500
Phc li x hi tng ln 2700>0
Nn y l ci thin Pareto .
Chi
ph
Gi bn
khi bit
thng
tin
Chi
ph
bo
him
Li nhun khi c
thng tin
0nm 1nm
2nm
3nm
2nm
3nm
Lew
5000
7000
2000
3000
1000
-1000
-3000
-2000
-4000
Harry
8000
10000
500
500
-500
-1000
1000
500
TC2 = Q22/100 Q1
MC2 = Q2/50 Q1
P1 = 2
P2 = 3
MC1 = Q1/50
MC1 = P1
MC2 = MR2
MC2 = P2
Q1/50 = 2
Q1 = 100
Q2/50 = 3
Q2 = 150
Q1 = 100
3/ Sn lng mt c hiu qu v mt x hi l:
Q* = Q2 Q2 = 5150- 150 = 5000
Nu cc hng ny hot ng c lp vi nhau th cn tr cp cho ngi sn xut mt h c
th sn xut sn lng mt c hiu qu v mt x hi l:
= 5000.3 = 15000 (vtt)
Bi 3:
Tng chi ph nui th :TC1 = 0.1*Q21 + 5*Q1 -0.1*Q22
MC1 = 0.2*Q1 + 5
Tng chi ph trng bp:TC2 = 0.2*Q22 +7*Q2 + 0.025*Q21
MC2 = 0.4*Q2 +7
V:
P1=P2=15
Ta c :
MC1=P1
0.2*Q1 + 5=15
Q1=50
MC2=P2
0.4*Q2 +7 =15
Q2=20
Li nhun ca trang tri nui th:
=TR1-TC1
15= 0.25*Q1 + 5
Q1=40
Trng bp:
P2=MSC2
15=0.2*Q2 +7
Q2=40
Mc gi ca mi n v sn phm khi t hiu qu x hi:
Nui th:
P1 =MC1=0.2*40+5=13
Nh nc s nh thu i vi ngi nui th l:
t1= P1- P1=15-13=2
Trng bp:
P2 =MC2=0.4*40+7=23
Nh nc s tr cp i vi ngi trng bp l:
T2= P2 - P2- =23-15=8
MC2
MSC
1
MSC
2
23
MC1
15
13
20
40 50
Q1,Q
2
Bi 4.
Hng 1:
MC2 = 6Q2+60
1. Sn lng ti a ha li nhun ca mi hng:
Hng 1:
P = MC1
240 =4Q1 2Q2+20
Suy ra:
Hng 2:
P = MC2
240 =6Q2+60
Suy ra: Q2= 30
Q1 = 70
2. Sn lng ti u v mt x hi:
Tng chi ph:
TCS = TC1 + TC2=
Sn lng ti u ca mi hng:
Hay:
-2
+20
Q1= 84
Q2 = 58
Hng 1:
Vi Q1= 84; Q2 = 58
P1= 4Q1 2Q2+20 = 240
Hng 2:
Vi Q1= 84; Q2 = 58
P2 =6Q2+60 = 408
V vi mc sn lng 58 th hng 2 c gi vt mc gi th trng.
Khon tr cp cho hng 2:
408 240 = 168.
Bi 5:
1) Th trng cnh tranh hon ho : P = MC
i vi mi nh my : P = 20+40Q
Q = 0,05 P- 0,5
Cung i vi ton th trng gm 1000 nh my : Q* = N*Q = 25P-500
Th trng cn bng khi cung bng cu :
Q*=Qd 25P-500 = 3500-15P
40P
= 4000
= 100
Q = 0,02P- 0,5
Bi 7
ng cu ca 3 nhm ngi v s gi chng trnh v tuyn truyn hnh cng cng trong mt
gi
MU1=150-T;MU2= 200-2T;MU3=250-T
1/s gi pht sng hiu qu l :Do v tuyn truyn hnh l hng ho cng cng thun tu nn
:P= MU1 +MU2+MU3 v P=MC
MU1 +MU2+MU3=MC
Hay 600-4T=200
Vy T=100