Bai Chon Lap Chat Thai Ran Cho Thanh Pho Hue

TRNG I HC NHA TRANG
VIN CNSH&MT
N MN HC
TN N
TNH TON THIT K BI CHN LP

CHT THI RN TH CHO THNH PH
HU T NM 2011 N NM 2030
SVTH: Nhm 1
Lp:
50CNMT
Vin:
CNSH&MT
GVHD: Nguyn Th Ngc Thanh
Nha Trang, thng 6 nm 2011.
THIT K BCL CHR TH CHO TP HU 2011
DANH SCH NHM I:
N QUN L & X L CHT THI RN
Page 2
Mc Lc
DANH SCH NHM I: .................................................................................................... 2

CHNG 1. M U...................................................................................................... 6
1.1.
Tinh cp thit: ....................................................................................................... 6
1.2.
Ni dung nghin cu: ............................................................................................ 7
1.3.
Phng php nghin cu: ................................................................................... 7
CHNG 2. TNG QUAN V CHT THI RN TH V CC BIN PHP X

L ...................................................................................................................................... 9
2.1.
Tng quan v cht thi rn th......................................................................... 9
2.1.1. Cht thi rn l g? ............................................................................................. 9

2.1.2. Cht thi rn th............................................................................................. 9
2.1.3. Cc ngun pht sinh cht thi rn ....................................................................... 9
2.1.4. Phn loi cht thi rn ...................................................................................... 10
2.1.5. Thnh phn CTR:............................................................................................. 14
2.2
Cc phng php x l cht thi rn ................................................................ 21
2.2.1. Phng php x l c hc................................................................................ 22

2.2.2. Phng php ha hc ....................................................................................... 22
2.2.3. Phng php x l sinh hc ............................................................................. 24
2.2.4. Bi chn lp rc v sinh ................................................................................... 26
2.2.5. Phng php ti ch ......................................................................................... 28
2.2.6. thnh ng hay bi h ................................................................................ 28
2.3
Quy trnh k thut qun l cht thi rn ............................................................. 29
2.3.1. Thu gom v vn chuyn ................................................................................... 29

2.3.2. Phn loi .......................................................................................................... 30
CHNG 3. GII THIU S LC V THNH PH HU....................................... 33
3.1.
c im t nhin ............................................................................................ 33
3.1.1. V tri a l....................................................................................................... 33

Page 3

3.1.2. a hnh ........................................................................................................... 33
3.1.3. Kh hu ............................................................................................................ 34
3.2
Kinh t x hi...................................................................................................... 35
3.2.1. Dn s:............................................................................................................. 35
3.2.2. Thu nhp .......................................................................................................... 37
3.2.3. Vn ha, gio dc, y t ..................................................................................... 38
3.2.4. nh hng pht trin kinh t - x hi n nm 2020 v nm 2030 .................. 38
3.3.
Hin trng pht sinh v thu gom, x l cht thi rn thnh ph Hu. .............. 40
3.3.1. Hin trng pht sinh: ........................................................................................ 40

3.3.2. Hin trng thu gom: ......................................................................................... 41
3.3.3. Mt vi c s x l cht thi rn ti Tha Thin - Hu: ................................... 43
CHNG 4. LA CHN A IM, THIT K H THNG THU GOM V BI
CHN LP CHT THI RN TH CHO THNH PH HU N NM 2030 .... 44
4.1.
La chn a im: ............................................................................................ 44
4.1.1. Cc nguyn tc v tiu ch la chn a im xy dng bi chn lp:............... 44

4.1.2. Quy m din tch bi chn lp:......................................................................... 44
4.1.3. V tr bi chn lp: ........................................................................................... 45
4.1.4. Phn tch la chn a im: ............................................................................ 46
4.2.
Thit k h thng thu gom: ............................................................................... 47
4.3.
Tnh ton thit k bi chn lp:......................................................................... 51
4.3.1. Tnh din tch bi chn lp: .............................................................................. 51

4.3.2. tnh ton din tch cc chn lp: .................................................................... 53
4.3.3. Lp chng thm: .............................................................................................. 55
4.3.4. Tinh ton lng nc r rc v h thng thu gom, x l nc r rc: ................ 56
4.3.5. Tinh ton lng kh gas sinh ra, thu gom, x l kh: ........................................ 64
4.4. D tr kinh t bi chn lp: .................................................................................... 66
KT LUN KIN NGH.. 67
Page 4
Page 5

CHNG 1: M U
1.1 Tinh cp thit:
Trong xu th pht trin kinh t x hi, vi tc th ha ngy cng tng v
s pht trin mnh m ca cc ngnh cng nghip, dch v, du lch ko theo mc
sng ca ngi dn ngy cng cao lm ny sinh nhiu vn mi, nan gii trong
cng tc bo v mi trng v sc kho ca cng ng dn c. Lng cht thi pht
sinh t nhng hot ng sinh hot ca ngi dn ngy mt nhiu hn, a dng hn
v thnh phn v c hi hn v tinh cht.
Cch qun l v x l CTRSH ti hu ht cc thnh ph, th x, a phng
nc ta hin nay u cha p ng c cc yu cu v sinh v bo v mi trng.
Khng c nhng bc i thich hp, nhng quyt sch ng n v nhng gii php
ng b, khoa hc qun l cht thi rn trong quy hoch, xy dng v qun l
cc th s dn ti cc hu qu khn lng, lm suy gim cht lng mi trng,
ko theo nhng mi nguy hi v sc kho cng ng, hn ch s pht trin ca x
hi.
Mt trong nhng phng php x l cht thi rn c coi l kinh t nht c
v u t ban u cng nh qu trnh vn hnh l x l CTR theo phng php chn
lp hp v sinh. y l phng php x l cht thi rn ph bin cc quc gia
ang pht trin v thm chi i vi nhiu quc gia pht trin. Nhng phn ln cc
bi chn lp CTR nc ta khng c quy hoch v thit k theo quy nh ca bi
chn lp CTR hp v sinh. Cc bi ny u a s u khng kim sot c khi
c, mi hi v nc r rc l ngun gy nhim tim tng cho mi trng t,
nc v khng khi.
Trong nhng nm qua, cng vi s pht trin kinh t, nng cao i sng nhn
dn v thc hin ch trng pht trin bn vng, pht trin kinh t, cng vi bo v
mi trng th hin nay vn x l CTR ti thnh ph Hu cng v ang c
chinh quyn tnh v cc c quan chc nng quan tm. Song vi thc t hn ch v
kh nng ti chinh, k thut v c v kh nng qun l m tnh hnh x l CTR ca
Page 6

thnh ph vn cha c ci thin l bao . Tnh trng rc ti ng ph, khu dn c,
rc thi cn ba bi xung sng, sui, ao h, cc khu t trnggy nn tnh
trng nhim mi trng, e da n nguy c suy thoi ti nguyn t, nc, khng
khi, v nh hng n sc khe ca ngi dn. Rc thi lun bin i v t l thun
vi tc gia tng dn s v pht trin kinh t. V vy thi gian thu gom, vn
chuyn v x l khng p ng kp thi s lm cho mc nhim ngy cng gia
tng. Trc tnh hnh , n: Thit k bi chn lp ra c thi th cho thnh
ph Hu n nm 2030 c thc hin nhm gii quyt tnh trng cht thi rn
mt v sinh v gy nhim mi trng nh hin nay, ng thi cng gii quyt sc
p i vi mt lng ln cht thi rn sinh ra trong tng lai. Vi hy vng hng
nm c hng trm tn rc c x l, gim thiu nhim mi trng.
1.2 Ni dung nghin cu:
a. Tng quan v c im t nhin, iu kin kinh t - x hi thanh ph Hu.
b. Kho st, iu tra hin trng tnh hnh thu gom , vn chuyn v x l CTR
thnh ph Hu.
c. D bo khi lng v tc pht sinh CTRSH t nm 2011 n nm 2030
ca thanh ph Hu.
d. nh gi s b cc tc ng ca CTR n mi trng.
e. La chn quy m , a im xy dng bi chn lp CTR hp v sinh cho
thnh ph Hu.
f. Tinh ton thit k bi chn lp CTR hp v sinh cho thanh ph Hu.
1.3 Phng php nghin cu:

a. Thu thp s liu
-
Cc vn bn php quy ca trung ng v a phng c lin quan n vn
qun l v sinh mi trng i vi cht thi rn.

-
Cc vn bn v cc quy nh i vi vic xy dng BCL cht thi rn hp v
sinh.
Page 7

-
Cc d liu v iu kin t nhin: a cht, a hnh, t, khi tng thu
vn
-
Cc d liu v hin trng v quy hoch pht trin kinh t x hi ca thanh
ph Hu.
b. iu tra kho st hin trng CTRSH v cc bin php x l ca thnh ph
Hu.
c. Kho st hin trng cc bi rc v khu vc d kin xy dng BCL.
d. Phng php thit k:
-
p dng cc bin php v k thut thit k bi chn lp CTR hp v sinh
theo TCVN 6696 2000.

-
Tham kho cc k thut thit k bi chn lp CTR hin nay ti Vit Nam.
Page 8
CHNG 2: TNG QUAN V CHT THI RN TH V

CC BIN PHP X L
2.1. Tng quan v cht thi rn th
2.1.1. Cht thi rn l g?
Cht thi rn (Solid Waste) l tan b cc loi vt cht c con ngi loi
b trong cc hot ng kinh t x hi ca mnh (bao gm cc hot ng sn xut,
cc hot ng sng v duy tr s tn ti ca cng ng ) trong quan trng nht
l cc loi cht thi sinh ra t cc hot ng sn xut v hot ng sng.
Rc l thut ng c dng ch cht thi rn c hnh dng tng i c
nh, b vt b t hot ng ca con ngi. Rc sinh hot hay cht thi rn sinh hot
l mt b phn ca cht thi rn, c hiu l cht thi rn pht sinh t cc hot
ng thng ngy ca con ngi.
2.1.2. Cht thi rn th
Rc thi thu gom trong khu vc th c gi l cht thi rn th.
Cht thi rn th l vt cht m ngi to ra ban u vt b i trong khu
vc th m khng i hi c bi thng cho s vt b v chng c x
hi nhn nhn nh l mt th m thnh ph c trch nhim thu dn.
Trong cht thi rn th, cht thi rn sinh hot chim phn ln v khi
lng.
Cht thi rn sinh hot l cht thi lin quan n cc hot ng ca con
ngi, ngun to thnh ch yu t khu dn c, cc c quan trng hc, cc trung
tm dch v thng mi.
2.1.3. Cc ngun pht sinh cht thi rn
Cht thi rn pht sinh t nhiu ngun khc nhau, c th ni ny hay ni
khc; chng khc nhau v s lng, kich thc, phn b v khng gian. Vic phn
loi cc ngun pht sinh cht thi rn ng vai tr quan trng trong cng tc qun l
Page 9

CTR. CTR c th pht sinh trong hot ng c nhn cng nh trong hot ng x
hi nh t cc khu dn c, ch, nh hng, khch sn, cng ty, vn phng v cc nh
my cng nghip. Mt cch tng qut CTRT TP Tha Thin Hu c pht sinh
t cc ngun sau:
a.
Khu dn c: CTR t khu dn c phn ln l cc loi thc phm d tha hay
h hng nh rau, qu; bao b hng ha (giy vn, g, vi da, cao su, PE, PP, thy
tinh, tro), mt s cht thi c bit nh in t, vt dng h hng ( g gia
dng, bng n, nha, thy tinh), cht thi c hi nh cht ty ra (bt git,
cht ty trng), thuc dit cn trng, nc xt phng bm trn cc rc thi.
b.
Khu thng mi: Ch, siu th, ca hng, nh hng, khch sn, khu vui chi
gii tr, trm bo hnh, trm dch v, khu vn phng (trng hc, vin nghin
cu, khu vn ha, vn phng chinh quyn), khu cng cng (cng vin, khu ngh
mt) thi ra cc loi thc phm (hng ha h hng, thc n d tha t nh hng
khch sn), bao b (nhng bao b s dng, b h hng) v cc loi rc ri, x
bn, tro v cc cht thi c hi
c.
Khu xy dng: nh cc cng trnh ang thi cng, cc cng trnh ci to nng
cp thi ra cc loi x bn, st thp vn, vi va, gch v, g, ng dn Cc dch

v th (gm dch v thu gom, x l cht thi v v sinh cng cng nh ra
ng, v sinh cng rnh) bao gm rc qut ng, bn cng rnh, xc sc vt
d.
Khu cng nghip, nng nghip: CTRSH thi c thi ra t cc hot ng
sinh hot ca cng nhn, cn b vin chc cc x nghip cng nghip, cc c s

sn xut tiu th cng nghip. khu vc nng nghip cht thi c thi ra ch yu
l: l cy, cnh cy, xc gia sc, thc n gia sc tha hay h hng; cht thi c bit
nh: thuc st trng, phn bn, thuc tr su, c thi ra cng vi bao b ng cc
ho cht .
2.1.4. Phn loi cht thi rn
Vic phn loi cht thi rn l mt cng vic kh phc tp bi v s a dng
v chng loi, thnh phn v tnh cht ca chng. C nhiu cch phn loi khc
Page 10

nhau cho mc ich chung l c bin php x l thich ng nhm lm gim tnh
c hi ca CTR i vi mi trng. Da vo cng ngh x l, thnh phn v tnh
cht CTR c phn loi tng qut nh sau:
2.1.4.1.Phn loi theo cng ngh qun l x l:
Phn loi CTR theo loi ny ngi ta chia lm: cc cht chy c, cc cht
khng chy c, cc cht hn hp.
Bng 2.1 Phn loi theo cng ngh x l
nh ngha
Th d
1. Cc cht chy
c
-Thc phm
- Cc cht thi ra t
- Rau, qu, thc phm
n, thc phm
- Giy
- Cc vt liu lm t
- Cc ti giy, cc mnh
giy
ba, giy v sinh
- Hng dt
- C ngun gc t si
- Vi, len
-C, rm, g
- Cc vt liu v sn
- dng bng g nh
ci
phm c ch to t
bn gh, v da
g, tre, rm
- Cht do
- Da v cao su
- Cc vt liu v sn
- Phim cun, ti cht do,
phm t cht do
bch nilon
- Cc vt liu v sn
- Ti sch da, cp da, v
phm t thuc da v
rut xe...
cao su
3. Cc cht hn hp
- Tt c cc vt liu
- , t, ct
Page 11

khc khng phn loi
phn 1 v 2 u thuc
loi ny
2. Cc cht khng
chy c
- Kim loi st
- Cc loi vt liu v
- Hng ro, dao, np l
sn phm c ch to
t st
- Kim loi
- Cc loi vt liu
- V hp nhum, ng
khng phi st
khng b nam chm
bng kim loi
ht
- Thu tinh
- Cc loi vt liu v
- Chai l, dng bng
sn phm ch to t
thu tinh, bng n
thu tinh
- v snh s
- Cc vt liu khng
- V c, gch , gm
chy khc ngoi kim
loi v thu tinh

Ngun: Bo v Mi trng trong Xy dng c bn, L Vn Ni, NXBKHKT,1999
2.1.4.2. Phn loi theo quan im thng thng:
a.
Cht thi thc phm:

L loi cht thi mang hm lng cht hu c cao nh nhng nng sn h
thi hoc d tha: tht c, rau, tri cy v cc thc phm khc. Ngun thi t cc
ch, cc khu thng mi, nh n Do c hm lng ch yu l cht hu c nn
chng c kh nng thi ra cao cng nh b phn hy nhanh khi c iu kin nhit
v m cao. Kh nng nhim mi trng kh ln do s phn r ca cht hu
c trong thnh phn ca cht thi.
b.
Rc ri:
Page 12

Ngun cht thi rn ny rt a dng: thng sinh ra cc khu dn c, khu
vn phng, cng s, khu thng mi, nh hng, ch, cc khu vui chi gii tr
Thnh phn ca chng ch yu l cc loi giy, bao b, giy carton, plastic, nilon
Vi thnh phn ha hc ch yu l cc cht v c, cellolose, v cc loi nha c th
t chy c.
Ngoi ra trong loi cht thi ny cn c cha cc loi cht thi l cc kim loi
nh st, thp, km, ng, nhm l cc loi cht thi khng c thnh phn hu c
v chng khng c kh nng t phn hy. Tuy nhin loi cht thi ny hon ton c
th ti ch li m khng phi thi vo mi trng.
c.
Cht thi rn l sn phm ca cc qu trnh chy:

Loi cht thi rn ny ch yu l tro hoc cc nhin liu chy cn d li ca
cc qu trnh chy ti cc lo t. Cc loi tro thng sinh ra ti cc c s sn xut

cng nghip, cc h gia nh khi s dng nhin liu t ly nhit s dng cho mc
ich khc. Xt v tnh cht th loi cht thi rn ny l v hi nhng chng li rt d
gy ra hin tng nhim mi trng do kh b phn hy v c th pht sinh bi
d.
Cht thi c hi
Cc cht thi rn ha hc, sinh hc, cht gy phng x, cht chy, cht d
gy n nh pin, bnh acquy Khi thi ra mi trng c nh hng c bit nghim

trng ti mi trng. Chng thng c sinh ra t cc hot ng sinh hot ca
ngi dn.
Ngoi ra rc thi nh bng bng, kim tim, bnh phm cng l loi CTR c
tnh nguy hi ln ti mi trng, cng c xp vo dng cht thi c hi.
C cch khc phn loi theo ngun gc pht sinh:
-
Cht thi sinh ra t trong hot ng sn xut nng nghip:

Cc cht thi rn d tha trong qu trnh sn xut nng nghip rt a dng v
phc tp. Chng bao gm cc loi tn d thc vt nh cy, ci, qu khng t cht
lng b thi b, cc sn phm ph sinh ra trong nng nghip, cc loi cy con
Page 13

ging khng cn gi tr s dng loi cht thi ny thng rt d x l, t gy
nhim mi trng.
Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh sn xut nng nghip mt s ha cht c p
dng nh thuc tr su bnh, phn bn c thi b hoc d tha cng nh
hng n mi trng t, nc.
-
Cht thi rn sinh ra trong xy dng

L loi cht thi rn sinh ra trong qu trnh p ph, o bi nhm xy dng
cc cng trng cng cng, dn dng, giao thng, cu cng vv loi cht thi ny c
thnh phn ch yu l cc loi gch , x bn, st thp, b tng, tre g Chng
thng xut hin cc khu dn c mi, hoc cc khu vc ang xy dng.
-
Cht thi rn sinh ra t cc cng thot nc, trm x l nc:

Trong loi cht thi ny th thnh phn ch yu ca chng l bn t chim
ti 90 - 95%. Ngun gc sinh ra chng l cc loi bi bm, t ct ng ph, xc

ng vt cht, l cy, du m ri vi, kim loi nng trn ng c thu vo ng
cng. Nhn chung loi cht thi ny cng rt a dng v phc tp v c tinh c hi
kh cao. Ngoi ra cn mt loi cht thi rn khc cng c phn loi chung vo l
bn thi sinh ra t cc nh my x l nc thi, trm x l nc thi,phn rt t
hm cu, b t hoi. Cc loi cht thi rn ny cng chim mt lng nc kh ln (
t 25 95%) v thnh phn ch yu cng l bn t, cht hu c cha hoi.
2.1.5. Thnh phn CTR:
2.1.5.1 Thnh phn vt l
CTR cc th l vt ph thi trong sinh hot v sn xut nn l mt
hn hp phc tp ca nhiu vt cht khc nhau. xc nh c thnh phn ca
CTRSH mt cch chnh xc l mt vic lm rt kh v thnh phn ca rc thi ph
thuc rt nhiu vo tp qun cuc sng, mc sng ca ngi dn, mc tin nghi
ca i sng con ngi, theo ma trong nm
Page 14

Thnh phn rc thi c ngha rt quan trng trong vic la chn cc thit b
x l, cng ngh x l cng nh hoch nh cc chng trnh qun l i vi h
thng k thut qun l CTR.
Theo ti liu ca EPA USA, trnh by kt qu phn tch thnh phn vt l
ca CTRSH cho thy khi cht lng cuc sng ngy cng cao th cc sn phm thi
loi nh giy, carton, nha ngy cng tng ln. Trong khi thnh phn cc cht
thi nh kim loi, thc phm cng ngy cng gim xung.
Theo Vin K Thut Nhit i V Bo V Mi Trng thnh phn cht thi
rn Vit Nam c xc nh nh sau:
Bng 2.2 Thnh phn cht thi rn sinh hot
STT
Tn
01
Giy
02
Thy tinh
03
Kim loi
Thnh phn
Sch, bo v cc vt
liu giy khc
Chai, cc, knh v
St, nhm, hp kim cc
loi
T l (%)
5.1
0.7
0.37
Chai nha, bao ti

04
Nha
nilon v cc vt nha
10.52
khc
05
Hu c d chy
06
Cht thi nguy hi
07
X bn
08
Hu c kh phn hy
09
Cht c th t chy
Thc n tha, rau, tri

cy, cc cht khc
Pin, acquy,sn, bng
n, bnh phm
Snh, s, btong, ,
v s
Cao su, da, gi da
Cnh cy, g vn, lng
gia sc, tc
76.3
0.15
2.68
1.93
2.15
Page 15

Tng cng
100
Ngun: Vin k thut nhit i v bo v mi trng 8/2000
a.
m:
m ca CTR c nh ngha l lng nc cha trong mt n v trng
lng cht thi trong trng thi nguyn thu.

Vic xc nh m ca rc thi da vo t l gia trng lng ti hoc kh
ca rc thi. m kh c biu th bng phn trm trng lng kh ca mu.
ti kh c biu th bng phn trm trng lng t ca mu v c xc nh
bng cng thc:
m = a- b/ a * 100%
Trong :
a : Trng lng ban u ca mu (kg)
b : Trng lng ca mu sau khi sy kh nhit 1050C (kg)
m ca rc ph thuc vo ma ma hay nng. CTR th Vit Nam
thng c m t 50 70
Bng 2.3 m ca CTR
m
STT
Thnh phn
Khong dao ng
Gi tr trung bnh
01
Thc phm
50 80
70
02
Rc lm vn
30 80
60
03
15 40
20
04
Rc sinh hot
15 40
20
05
Da
8 12
10
Page 16

06
Vi
6 15
10
07
Bi tro, gch
6 12
08
Giy
4 10
09
Carton
26
10
Kim loi en
24
11
hp
24
12
Kim loi mu
14
13
Plastic
14
14
Cao su
14
15
Thy tinh
14
Ngun: George Tchobanoglous, Hilary, Thysen, Rolf elissen, soild

wastes, Engineeriny principles and management issues, Tokyo 1977.
b.
T trng:
T trng ca rc c xc nh bng phng php cn trng lng xc
nh t l gia trng lng ca mu vi th tch ca n, c n v l kg/m3 (hoc

lb/yd3). T trng c dng nh gi khi lng tng cng v th tch CTR. T
trng rc ph thuc vo cc ma trong nm, thnh phn ring bit, m khng kh.
i vi nc ta do kh hu nng m nn m ca CTR rt cao, thnh phn
rt phc tp v cha nhiu cht hu c d phn hu do t trng ca rc kh cao.
T trng ca CTR c xc nh:
T trng = khi lng cn CTR/ th tch cha khi lng CTR cn bng
n v: (kg/m3)
Page 17

Bng 2.4 T trng thnh phn CTRSH
T trng (lb/yd3)
STT
Thnh phn
Khong dao ng
Gi tr trung bnh
01
Bi, tro, gch
20 - 60
30
02
Thy tinh
10 30
12.1
03
Kim loi en
8 70
20
04
Thc phm
8 30
18
05
8 20
15
06
Da
6 16
10
07
Cao su
6 12
08
Kim loi mu
4 15
10
09
Rc lm vn
4 14
6.5
10
hp
3 - 10
5.5
11
Giy
28
5.1
12
Plastic
28
13
Vi
2-6
14
Carton
2-5
3.1
(Ch thch: lb/yd3 * 0.5933 = kg/m3)

Nguon: George Tchobanoglous, Hilary, Thysen, Rolf elissen,soild
wastes, Engineeriny principles and management issues, Tokyo 1977.
2.1.5.2 Thnh phn ho hc
Page 18

Thnh phn ho hc ca CTR th bao gm cht hu c, cht tro, hm
lng carbon c nh, nhit lng.
a.
Cht hu c:
Cht hu c c xc nh bng cch ly mu rc lm phn tich xc nh
m em t 9500C. Phn bay hi i l cht hu c hay cn gi l tn tht khi

nung, thng thng cht hu c dao ng trong khong 40 60% gi tr trung bnh
53%.
Cht hu c c xc nh bng cng thc sau:
Cht hu c (%) = c d / c * 100
Trong :
- c : l trng lng ban u
- d : l trng lng mu CTR sau khi t 9500C. tc l cc cht tr d hay
cht v c v c tnh:
Cht v c(%) = 100 cht hu c (%)
im nng chy ca tro nhit 9500C th tch ca rc c th gim 95%.
Cc thnh phn phn trm ca C ( cacbon), H ( hydro), N ( nit), S ( lu hunh) v
tro c dng xc nh nhit lng ca rc.
Bng 2.5 Thnh phn ha hc ca CTRSH
T trng (% trng lng kh)
Thnh phn
C
Tro
Thc phm
48
6.4
37.6
2.6
0.4
Giy
3.5
44
0.3
0.2
Carton
4.4
5.9
44.6
0.3
0.2
Cht do
60
7.2
22.8
Kxd
Kxd
10
Vi, hng dt
55
6.6
31.2
4.6
0.15
2.45
Cao su
78
10
Kxd
Kxd
10
Page 19

Da
60
11.6
10
0.4
10
L cy. C
47.8
38
3.4
0.3
4.5
49.5
42.7
0.2
0.1
1.5
26.3
0.5
0.2
68
Bi, gch
vn, tro
Nguon: George Tchobanoglous, Hilary, Thysen, Rolf elissen, soild wastes,

Engineeriny principles and management issues, Tokyo 1977.
b.
Hm lng carbon c nh:

Hm lng carbon c nh l hm lng carbon cn li sau khi loi b cc
phn v c khc khng phi l carbon trong tro khi nung 9500 C. Hm lng ny
thng chim khong 5 12%, gi tr trung bnh l 7%. Cc cht v
c chim khong 15 - 30%, gi tr trung bnh l 20%.
Nhit lng: L gi tr nhit to thnh khi t CTR. Gi tr nhit c xc
nh theo cng thc Dulong:
Btu = 145.4C + 620 (H 1/8 O) + 41S
Trong :
+ C : Carbon (%)
+ H : Hydro (%)
+ O : Oxy (%)
+ S : Lu hunh (%)
Bng 2.6 Nhit lng ca rc sinh hot
Nhiet lng ( Btu/lb)
STT
Thanh phan
Khoang dao
ong
01
Plastic
12000 - 16000
Gia tr trung bnh
14000
Page 20

02
Thuy tinh Cao su
9000 12000
10000
03
Kim loai en Go
7500 8500
8000
04
Da
6500 8500
7500
05
Vai
6500 8500
7500
06
Carton
6000 7500
7000
07
Giay
5000 8000
7200
08
Rac sinh hoat
4000 5500
4500
09
Thc pham
1500 3000
4500
10
Rac lam vn
1000 - 5000
3000
11
Bui, tro, gach
1000 - 5000
3000
12
o hop
100 500
300
13
Sat
100 500
300
Nguon: George Tchobanoglous, Hilary, Thysen, Rolf elissen, soild wastes,

Engineeriny principles and management issues, Tokyo 1977.
2.2 Cc phng php x l cht thi rn
X l CTR l phng php lm gim khi lng v tinh c hi ca rc,
hoc chuyn rc thnh vt cht khc tn dng thnh ti nguyn thin nhin. Khi
la chn cc phng php x l cht thi rn cn xem xt cc yu t sau:
+ Thnh phn tnh cht cht thi rn sinh hot
+ Tng lng cht thi rn cn c x l
+ Kh nng thu hi sn phm v nng lng
+ Yu cu bo v mi trng.
Page 21

2.2.1 Phng php x l c hc
Phng php x l c hc bao gm cc phng php c bn:
- Phn loi
- Gim th tich c hc
- Gim kich thc c hc
a. Phn loi cht thi:
Phn loi cht thi l qu trnh tch ring bit cc thnh phn c trong cht
thi rn sinh hot, nhm chuyn cht thi t dng hn tp sang dng tng i ng
nht. Qu trnh ny cn thit thu hi nhng thnh phn c th ti sinh c trong
cht thi rn sinh hot, tch ring nhng thnh phn mang tnh nguy hi v nhng
thnh phn c kh nng thu hi nng lng.
b. Gim th tch bng phng php c hc:
Nn, p rc l khu quan trng trong qu trnh x l cht thi rn. hu ht
cc thnh ph, xe thu gom thng c trang b b phn p rc nhm tng khi
lng rc, tng sc cha ca rc v tng hiu sut chuyn ch cng nh ko di thi
gian phc v cho bi chn lp.
c. Gim kich thc c hc:
L vic ct, bm rc thnh cc mnh nh cui cng ta c mt th rc
ng nht v kich thc. Vic gim kich thc rc c th khng lm gim th tch
m ngc li cn lm tng th tch rc. Ct, gi, nghin rc c ngha quan trng
trong vic t rc, lm phn v ti ch vt liu.
2.2.2 Phng php ha hc
gim th tch v thu hi cc sn phm, cc phng php ha hc ch yu
s dng trong x l cht thi rn sinh hot bao gm: t, nhit phn v kh ha.
a. t rc
t rc l giai on x l cui cng c p dng cho mt loi rc nht nh
khng th x l bng cc bin php khc. Phng php thiu hy rc thng c
Page 22

p dng x l cc loi rc thi c nhiu thnh phn d chy. Thng t
bng nhin liu ga hoc du trong cc l t chuyn dng vi nhit trn 10000C.
u im
u im ca phng php ny l kh nng tiu hy tt i vi nhiu loi rc
thi. C th t chy c kim loi, thy tinh, nha, cao su, mt s loi cht di dng
lng v bn rn v cc loi cht thi nguy hi. Th tch rc c th gim t 75 - 96%,
thch hp cho nhng ni khng c iu kin v mt bng chn lp rc, hn ch ti
a vn nhim do nc rc, c hiu qu cao i vi cht thi c cha vi trng d
ly nhim v cc cht c hi. Nng lng pht sinh khi t rc c th tn dng cho
cc l hi, l si hoc cc ngnh cng nghip cn nhit v pht in.
Nhc im:
Kh thi t cc l t c nguy c gy nhim mi trng, c bit l cc vn
pht thi cht nhim dioxin trong qu trnh thiu t cc thnh phn nha.
+ Vn hnh dy chuyn phc tp, i hi nng lc k thut v tay ngh cao.
+ Gi thnh u t ln, chi phi tiu hao nng lng v chi ph x l cao.
b. Nhit phn
L cch dng nhit cao v p sut tro phn hy rc thnh cc khi t
hoc du t, c ngha l s dng nhit t. Qu trnh nhit phn l mt qu trnh
kn nn t to kh thi nhim, c th thu hi nhiu vt cht sau khi nhit phn. Th
d: mt tn rc thi th Hoa K sau khi nhit phn c th thu hi li 2 gallons
du nh, 5 gallons hc in v nha ng, 25 pounds cht amonium sulfate, 230
pounds than, 133 gallons cht lng ru. Tt c cc cht ny u c th ti s dng
nh nhin liu.
c. Kh ha
Qu trnh kh ha bao gm qu trnh t chy mt phn nhin liu carton han
thnh mt phn nhin liu chy c giu CO2, H2 v mt s hydrocarbon no, ch
yu l CH4. Kh nhin liu chy c sau c t chy trong ng c t trong
hoc ni hi. Nu thit b khi ha c vn hnh iu kin p sut kh quyn s
Page 23

dng khng kh lm tc nhn oxy ha, sn phm cui cng ca qu trnh kh ha l
khi nng lng thp cha CO, CO2, H2, CH4 v N2, hc in cha C v cht tr cha
sn trong nhin liu v cht lng ging nh du nhit phn.
2.2.3. Phng php x l sinh hc
2.2.3.1 rc thnh phn compost
sinh hc (compost) c th c coi nh l qu trnh n nh sinh ha cc
cht hu c thnh cc cht mn. Vi thao tc sn xut v kim sot mt cch
khoa hc to mi trng ti u i vi qu trnh.
Qu trnh hu c t rc hu c l mt phng php truyn thng, c p
dng ph bin cc nc ang pht trin hay ngay c cc nc pht trin nh
Canada. Phn ln cc gia nh ngoi cc th t rc ca gia nh mnh thnh
phn bn hu c (Compost) bn cho vn ca chinh mnh. Cc phng php x
l phn hu c ca cht thi rn sinh hot c th p dng gim khi lng v th
tch cht thi, sn phm phn compost dng b sung cht dinh dng cho t, v
sn phm kh methane. Cc loi vi sinh vt ch yu tham gia qu trnh x l cht
thi hu c bao gm vi khun, nm, men v antinomycetes. Cc qu trnh ny c
thc hin trong iu kin hiu kh hoc k khi, ty theo lng oxy c sn.
2.2.3.2 hiu kh:
rc hiu kh l mt cng ngh c s dng rng ri vo khang 2 thp k
gn y, c bit l cc nc ang pht trin nh Trung Quc, Vit Nam.
Cng ngh rc hiu kh da trn s hot ng ca cc vi khun hiu khi i
vi s c mt ca oxy. Cc vi khun hiu kh c trong thnh phn rc kh thc hin
qu trnh oxy ha cacbon thnh ioxitcacbon (CO2). Thng th ch sau 2 ngy,
nhit rc tng ln khong 450C v sau 6 - 7 ngy t ti 70 - 750C. Nhit ny
t c ch vi iu kin duy tr mi trng ti u cho vi khun hot ng, quan
trng nht l khng khi v m.
S phn hy kh din ra kh nhanh, ch sau khong 2 - 4 tun l rc c
phn hy hon ton. Cc vi khun gy bnh v cn trng b phn hy do nhit
Page 24

tng cao. Bn cnh , mi hi cng b hy nh qu trnh hy yu khi. m phi
c duy tr ti u 40 - 50%, ngoi khong ny qu trnh phn hy u b chm
li.
2.2.3.3 ym kh:
Cng ngh ym khi c s dng rng ri n (ch yu quy m
nh). Qu trnh ny nh vo s hot ng ca cc vi khun ym kh. Cng ngh
ny khng i hi chi phi u t ban u tn km, song n c nhng nhc im
sau:
Thi gian phn hy lu, thng l 4 12 thng.
Cc vi khun gy bnh lun tn ti vi qu trnh phn hy v nhit phn
hy thp.
Cc kh sinh ra t qu trnh phn hy l kh methane v kh sunfuahydro gy
mi kh chu.
u im ca phng php x l sinh hc:
Loi tr c 50% lng rc sinh hot bao gm cc cht hu c l thnh
phn gy nhim mi trng t, nc v khng kh.

-
S dng li c 50% cc cht hu c c trong thnh phn rc thi ch
bin lm phn bn phc v nng nghip theo hng cn bng sinh thi. Hn ch
vic nhp khu phn ha hc bo v t ai.
-
Tit kim t s dng lm bi chn lp. Tng kh nng chng nhim mi
trng. Ci thin i sng cng ng.

-
Vn hnh n gin, bo tr d dng. D kim sot cht lng sn phm.
Gi thnh tng i thp, c th chp nhn c.
Phn loi rc thi c cc cht c th ti ch nh (kim loi mu, thp, thy
tinh, nha, giy, ba) phc v cho cng nghip.

-
Trong qu trnh chuyn ha, nc rc s chy ra. Nc ny s thu li bng
mt h thng rnh xung quanh khu vc tun hon ti vo rc b sung

m.
Page 25
Nhc im
Mc t ng ca cng ngh cha cao.
Vic phn loi cht thi vn phi c thc hin bng phng php th cng
nn d gy nh hng n sc khe.
-
Np liu th cng, nng sut km.
Phn tinh ch cht lng km do t trang t ch.
Phn pha trn v ng bao th cng, cht lng khng u.
Biogas
Rc c nhiu cht hu c, nht l phn gia sc c to iu kin cho vi
khun k kh phn hy to thnh khi methane. Khi methane c thu hi dng lm

nhin liu.
2.2.4. Bi chn lp rc v sinh
Chn lp hp v sinh l mt phng php kim sot s phn hy ca cht
thi rn khi chng c chn nn v ph lp b mt. Cht thi rn trong bi chn lp
s b tan ra nh qu trnh phn hy sinh hc bn trong to ra sn phm cui
cng l cc cht giu dinh dng nh axit hu c, nit, cc hp cht amon v mt
s khi nh CO2, CH4.
Nh vy v thc cht chn lp hp v sinh cht thi rn th va l phng
php tiu hy sinh hc, va l bin php kim sot cc thng s cht lng mi
trng trong qu trnh phn hy cht thi khi chn lp.
Phng php ny c nhiu th trn th gii p dng trong qu trnh x l rc
thi. Th d Hoa K trn 80% lng rc thi th c x l bng phng php
ny; hoc cc nc Anh, Nht Bn Ngi ta cng hnh thnh cc bi chn lp
rc v sinh theo kiu ny.
u im:
C th x l mt lng ln cht thi rn.
Chi phi iu hnh cc hot ng ca BCL khng qu co.
Page 26

-
Do b nn cht v ph t ln trn nn cc loi cn trng, chut b, rui mui
kh c th sinh si ny n.
-
Cc hin tng chy ngm hay chy bng kh c th xy ra, ngoi ra cn
gim thiu c mi hi thi gy nhim mi trng khng kh.

-
Lm gim nn nhim mi trng nc ngm v nc mt.
Cc BCL khi b ph y, chng ta c th s dng chng thnh cc cng vin,
lm ni sinh sng hoc cc hot ng khc.

-
Ngoi ra trong qu trnh hot ng bi chn lp chng ta c th thu hi kh ga
phc v pht in hoc cc hot ng khc.

-
BCL l phng php x l cht thi rn r tin nht i vi nhng ni c th
s dng t.
-
u t ban u thp so vi nhng phng php khc.
BCL l mt phng php x l cht thi rn trit khng i hi cc qu
trnh x l khc nh x l cn, x l cc cht khng th s dng, loi b m

(trong cc phng php thiu rc, phn hy sinh hc)
Nhc im:
Cc BCL i hi din tich t ai ln, mt thnh ph ng dn c s lng
rc thi cng nhiu th din tch bi thi cng ln.

-
Cn phi c t ph lp ln cht thi rn c nn cht sau mi
ngy.
-
Cc lp t ph cc BCL thng hay b gi thi mn v pht tn i xa.
t trong BCL y c th b ln v vy cn c bo dng nh k.
Cc BCL thng to ra kh methane hoc hydrogen sunfite c hi c kh
nng gy n hay gy ngt. Tuy nhin ngi ta c th thu hi kh methane c th t

v cung cp nhit.
Page 27

2.2.5. Phng php ti ch
Ti ch l hot ng thu hi li t cht thi cc thnh phn c th s dng
ch bin thnh cc sn phm mi s dng li cho cc hot ng sinh hot v sn
xut.
Cng ngh ti ch ph hp vi rc khi lng ln v ngun thi rc c i sng cao.
u im:
Tit kim ti nguyn thin nhin bi vic s dng vt liu c ti ch thay
cho vt liu gc.

-
Gim lng rc thng qua vic gim chi phi thi, gim tc ng mi
trng do thi gy ra, tit kim din tch chn lp.

-
C th thu hi li nhun t cc hot ng ti ch.
Nhc im:
Ch x l c vi t l thp khi lng rc (rc c th ti ch )
Chi phi u t v vn hnh cao
i hi cng ngh thch hp
Phi c s phn loi rc trit ngay ti ngun.

2.2.6. thnh ng hay bi h
y l phng php c in c loi ngi p dng t rt lu i. Ngay
c trong thi k Hy Lp v La M c i cch y khang 500 nm trc cng

nguyn, ngi ta bit rc bn ngoi tng cc thnh ly - lu i v di
hng gi. Cho n nay phng php ny vn cn c p dng nhiu ni khc
nhau trn th gii. c bit ti th x Tn An tnh Long An, phng php x l CTR
ph bin vn l thnh bi h. Phng php ny c nhiu nhc im nh sau:
+ To cnh quan kh coi, gy cm gic kh chu khi con ngi thy hay bt
gp chng.
+ Khi thnh ng rc thi s l mi trng thun li cho cc loi ng vt
gm nhm, cc loi cn trng, cc vi sinh vt gy bnh sinh si ny n gy nguy
him cho sc khe con ngi.
Page 28

+ Cc bi rc h b phn hy lu ngy s r nc to nn vng ly li, m t
v t hnh thnh cc dng nc r r chy thm vo cc tng t bn di, gy
nhim ngun nc ngm, hoc to thnh dng chy trn, gy nhim ngun nc
mt.
+ Bi rc h s gy nhim khng kh do qu trnh phn hy rc to thnh
cc kh c mi hi thi. Mt khc cc bi rc h cn c thm hin tng chy
ngm hay c th chy thnh ngn la v tt c cc qu trnh trn s dn n hin
tng nhim khng kh.
C th ni y l phng php r tin nht, ch tiu tn chi ph cho cng vic
thu gom v vn chuyn rc t ni pht sinh n bi rc. Tuy nhin, phng php
ny li i hi mt din tch bi thi ln, do vy cc thnh ph ngdn c v qu
t khan him th n s tr thnh phng php t tin cng vi nhiu nhc im
nu trn.
2.3
Quy trnh k thut qun l cht thi rn
2.3.1 Thu gom v vn chuyn

a. Thu gom
- Thu gom trc tip: Ngi cng nhn v sinh n tng h gia nh mang dng c
cha rc n vo phng tin vn chuyn ch rc. Cch thc ny thng p dng
cho cc nh trt, bit th, khu thng mi ngi s dng dch v ny phi tr tin
cao hn dch v thu gom gin tip.
- Thu gom gin tip: Trong cch thu gom ny ngi cng nhn dng my mc a
rc t ni cha tp trung ln phng tin chuyn ch rc. Rc c cc h gia nh
mang cha vo cc thng rc tp trung ca khu vc. Cch thc ny thng p dng
trung c, nh cao tng. Thng nh cao tng hin i c thit k mt ng dn rc
t tng trn cng n cc tng phia di u c th qua ng m rc vo thng
cha tng di cng.
b. Trung chuyn
Page 29

Ty vo nhiu yu t kinh t v k thut thuc h thng qun l CTR m
ngi ta s p dng vic trung chuyn hay khng. Nhn chung trung chuyn rc c
th p dng cho hu ht cc h thng thu gom. Phn loi theo phng thc trung
chuyn ngi ta c:
+ Trm chuyn trc tip l ni m xe thu gom rc rc trc tip vo xe
chuyn ch rc.
+ Trm trung chuyn phi hp, rc c trc tip ln xe chuyn ch hoc
cha tm ti ch ty lc.
Trm trung chuyn phi c xy dng v cu trc hp l cho vic chuyn ng ca
xe rc, trm phi kin m bo v sinh.
Nguyn tc iu hnh trm trung chuyn l khi rc b ri vi, trn khi
phng tin cha th phi c t v cho vo ch cha ngay. Trm cng cn c h
thng phun nc chng bi, h thng kh mi.
c. Vn chuyn
Hin nay vic vn chuyn rc c th thc hin bng cc phng tin vn
chuyn trn cc trc ng b, ng st, ng thy, cc h thng khi ng v
thy ng lc ca mt s phng tin vn chuyn khc cng c s dng cho vn
chuyn rc nhng khng ph bin.
Ty vo v tri a l, a hnh, din tch mt bng v chi ph vn chuyn vv
m ngi ta chn cch vn chuyn rc hp l nht. Cc yu cu vn chuyn rc:
-
Chi ph vn chuyn thp nht
Phng tin vn chuyn phi kn, hp v sinh
Phi ch rc bng phng tin chuyn dng p ng tt cc yu cu s
dng, bo qun d dng n gin.

2.3.2 Phn loi
Cht thi rn sau khi thu gom s c vn chuyn v cc trm x l tin
hnh phn loi rc, vic phn loi rc c th thc hin bng tay hoc bng cc thit
b c gii ha va nhm mc ich phn tch cc thnh phn c th ti sinh nh thy
Page 30

tinh, kim loi, giy, nha, g vi cc thnh phn khng th ti sinh. ng thi
cng phn tch c phn ln cc cht hu c v cc cht v c. Phn cn li s
c t nu thch hp hoc c nn p thnh tng bnh lm gim th tch CTR
v tng thi gian s dng cc bi rc.
Phn loi CTR ng vai tr quan trng nht v qu trnh ny lin quan n
kh nng ti sinh ca cc thnh phn trong rc sinh hot, kh nng phn hy ca cc
cht hu c c trong rc. Cc cch thc phn loi rc hin nay gm:
+ Phn loi CTR bng tay: Vic phn loi bng tay c th thc hin ngay ti
ngun, ni CTR pht sinh nh cc h gia nh, cc cm dn c, cc trm trung
chuyn , trm x l v ngay ti cc bi thi. mt s quc gia pht trin, vic phn
loi bng tay c tin hnh ngay t trong tng n v h gia nh. Phn loi bng
tay gip cho cc cng an phn loi k tip v cng tc x l thu hi nguyn
liu tr nn d dng hn, tin li v t tn km hn.
+ Phn loi bng lung kh: Phn loi bng lung khi c p dng tch cc
thnh phn khc nhau ca mt hn hp kh c trng lng ring khc nhau. Trong
qu trnh phn loi CTR, lung khi c lu lng v tc thi thch hp s tch cc
thnh phn nh nh giy, cc cht plastic v cc cht hu c nh khc ra khi CTR.
+ Phn loi bng sng: Phng php sng c dng tch hn hp cc cht
thnh hai hoc nhiu thnh phn c kich thc khc nhau bng cch dng mt hoc
nhiu li sng vi kich thc l khc nhau. Qu trnh sng c th thc hin trc
hoc sau khi ct nghin CTR, thng p dng cho rc kh v trong cc h thu hi
nng lng v nguyn liu.
+ Phn loi bng t tnh: y l phng php thng dng nht c p dng
tch cc vt liu bng st v cc hp kim c cha st ra khi CTR bng t trng.
Cc thit b phn loi bng t trng thng gm mt bng ti chuyn rc qua mt
trng t, cc vt liu bng st hoc c cha st s b t tnh ht gi li v a n
mt v tr khc.
Page 31
Page 32

CHNG 3: GII THIU S LC V THNH PH HU
3.1.
c im t nhin
3.1.1 V tri a l
Thnh ph Hu nm v tri trung tm ca t nc, trn trc Bc - Nam ca
cc tuyn ng b, ng st, ng hng khng v ng bin, gn tuyn hnh

lang ng - Ty ca tuyn ng Xuyn v c to a l:
-
Kinh ng: 107o3145- 107o38
V Bc: 16o3045- 16o2'
Din tch t nhin l 5.054 km2 (s liu thng k nm 2003).
Cch H Ni 675 km v pha Bc, cch Thnh ph H Ch Minh 1.060 km
v pha nam.
-
Pha Bc v pha Ty gip huyn Hng Tr, phia Nam gip th x Hng
Thy phia ng gip th x Hng Thu v huyn Ph Vang. Ta lc hai bn b

dng sng Hng v pha Bc o Hi Vn, cch Nng 112km, cch bin Thun
An12 km, cch sn bay quc t Ph Bi 15 km v cch Cng nc su Chn My 50
km.
- Nm trong vng kinh t trng im Trung b vi cc trung tm kinh t ang pht
trin nhanh nh khu khuyn khich pht trin kinh t - thng mi Chn My, Thnh
ph Nng, khu kinh t m Chu Lai, khu cng nghip Dung Quc..., c h thng
giao thng thun li kt ni d dng vi Th H Ni, Thnh ph H Chi Minh v
nhiu tnh, thnh khc trong c nc.
3.1.2 a hnh
Tha Thin - Hu nm trn mt di t hp vi chiu di 127 km, chiu rng trung
bnh 60 km vi y cc dng a hnh rng ni, g i, ng bng duyn hi,
m, ph v bin tp trung trong mt khng gian hp, thp dn t Ty sang ng,
pha Ty l dy ni cao, pha gia l i ni thp v phia ng l di ng bng nh
Page 33

hp. Phn pha Ty ch yu l i ni, chim ti 70%. Ni chim khong 1/4 din
tch t nhin, nm bin gii Vit Lo v vng tip gip vi Nng. Phn ln
cc nh ni c cao t 800 n hn 1.000 m, trong c ni Bch M v Hi
Vn l nhng a danh du lch ni ting. a hnh phn i phn b ch yu vng
trung du, trong cc thung lng, chim khong din tch t nhin, cao phn ln
di 500 m, c c im ch yu l nh rng, sn thoi 20 250m.
Nm ta lng vo dy ni Trng Sn, khu vc thnh ph Hu l ng bng
thuc vng h lu sng Hng v sng B, c cao trung bnh khong 3 - 4 m so
vi mc nc bin v thng b ngp lt khi u ngun ca sng Hng (trn Dy
trng Sn) xy ra ma va v ln. Khu vc ng bng ny tng i bng phng,
tuy trong c xen k mt s i, ni thp nh ni Ng Bnh, i Thin An - Vng
Cnh...
Thnh ph Hu nm v tri c iu kin thin nhin, h sinh thi a dng,
phong ph v din mo ring, thnh ph hi cc dng a hnh: i ni, ng
bng, sng h, to thnh mt khng gian cnh quan thin nhin- th-vn ho l
tng t chc cc loi hnh Festival v cc hot ng du lch th thao khc nhau.
Thnh ph Hu l a bn l tng gn kt cc ti nguyn vn ho truyn
thng c sc vi du lch m khng mt Thnh ph, a danh no nc ta c c
v l mt trong 5 trung tm du lch quc gia. Hu nm v tri trung tm ca cc di
sn vn ho th gii ca Vit Nam (Hi An, M Sn, ng Phong Nha-K Bng) v
gn vi cc Thnh ph c ca cc nc trong khu vc.
3.1.3 Khi hu
Kh hu thuc khu vc nhit i gi ma, mang tnh chuyn tip t xch
o n ni ch tuyn gi ma, chu nh hng kh hu chuyn tip gia min Bc
v min Nam nc ta.
a.
Ch nhit:
Thnh ph Hu c ma kh nng v ma ma m lnh. Nhit trung bnh
hng nm vng ng bng khong 24C - 25C.

Page 34

+ Ma nng: t thng 5 n thng 9, chu nh hng ca gi Ty Nam nn kh
nng, nhit cao. Nhit trung bnh cc thng nng l t 27C - 29C, thng
nng nht (thng 5, 6) nhit c th ln n 38C- 40C.
+ Ma lnh: T thng 10 n thng 3 nm sau, chu nh hng ca gi ma ng
bc nn ma nhiu, tri lnh. Nhit trung bnh v ma lnh vng ng bng l
20C - 22C.
b.
Ch ma v m:
Lng ma trung bnh khong 2500mm/nm. Ma ma bt u t thng 9
n thng 2 nm sau, thng 11 c lng ma ln nht, chim ti 30% lng ma c

nm.
- c im ma Hu l ma khng u, lng ma tng dn t ng sang Ty,
t Bc vo Nam v tp trung vo mt s thng vi cng ma ln do d gy
l lt, xi l.
- m trung bnh 85%-86%.
c.
Ch gi bo:
Chu nh hng ca 2 hng gi chinh:

+ Gi ma Ty Nam: Bt u t thng 4 n thng 8, gi kh nng, bc hi mnh
gy kh hn ko di.
+ Gi ma ng Bc: Bt u t thng 9 n thng 3 nm sau, gi thng km theo
ma lm cho khi hu lnh, m, d gy l lt.
+ Bo thng xut hin t thng 8 n thng 9 -10.
3.2
Kinh t x hi
3.2.1 Dn s:
Tinh n nm 2009, dn s tnh Tha Thin Hu c 1.088.822 ngi
(538.163 nam; 550.659 n). V phn b, c 393.018 ngi sinh sng thnh th v
695.804 ngi sinh sng vng nng thn.
-
Ring thnh ph Hu c din tch t nhin l 7.168,49 ha, tip gip vi cc
huyn Hng Tr, Hng Thy, Ph Vang. Dn s: 337.554 ngi, mt dn s

Page 35

bnh qun 4.754,95 ngi/km2. Ton thnh ph c 27 n v hnh chnh, bao gm
27 phng.
Bng 3.1 Dn s Thnh ph Hu
S nhn khu
X/phng/th trn
Nam
16.2828
174.340
337.169
146.602
157.771
304.373
Phng Ph Thun
3.729
3687
7.416
Phng Ph Bnh
4.746
4850
9.596
Phng Ty Lc
9.549
10000
19.549
Phng Thun Lc
7.471
7867
15.339
Phng Ph Hip
6.874
7020
13.893
Phng Ph Hu
4.749
5058
9.807
Phng Thun Ho
7.260
7657
14.917
Phng Thun Thnh
6.568
6937
13.505
Phng Ph Ho
2.956
3150
6.106
Phng Ph Ct
4.294
4625
8.919
Phng Kim Long
7.392
7505
14.897
Phng V D
9.219
10358
19.577
Phng Phng c
5.612
5821
11.433
Phng Vnh Ninh
3.478
3870
7.348
Phng Ph Hi
5.341
6674
12.015
Phng Ph Nhun
4.043
4809
8.852
Phng Xun Ph
6.112
6619
12.731
Phng Trng An
7.716
8103
15.819
Phng Phc Vnh
9.677
11273
20.951
Tng s
Khu vc thnh ph
Tng s
Page 36

Phng An Cu
10.368
12007
22.375
Phng An Ho
4.800
4910
9.710
Phng Hng S
3.499
3435
6.935
Phng An ng
7.697
8049
15.747
Phng An Ty
3.454
3485
6.939
16.291
16.634
32.925
Thu Biu
4.519
5.020
9.539
Hng Long
5.154
5.000
10.154
Thu Xun
6.618
6.615
13..233
Khu vc nng thn
3.2.2 Thu nhp

Nm 2010: nn kinh t thnh ph Hu t mc tng trng 13,5%
Tc tng trng t 13,5%, c cu kinh t chuyn dch theo hng: Dch
v (71%)-Cng nghip, xy dng (27,9%), Nng lm ng (1,1%). GDP bnh qun
u ngi t 1.350 USD. Tng mc bn l hng ha v dch v t 10.383 t ng,
tng 35,2%. Hot ng du lch c du hiu phc hi v tng trng kh vi doanh
thu t 831 t ng, tng 21,47%, tng lt khch n Hu t 1.451,6 nghn lt,
tng 12%. Thu ngn sch t 417,535 t ng. Tng vn u t trn a bn t
2.887 t ng...; cc lnh vc vn ha - x hi, an ninh, quc phng c nhng
chuyn bin mnh m.
So vi thu nhp bnh qun ca ngi Vit Nam, tinh n cui nm 2010 t
khong 1.160 USD. Trong nhng nm qua s tng trng kinh t v tin b x hi
Page 37

tnh Tha Thin Hu c nhng chuyn bin tch cc vi tc tng trng bnh
qun cao 13%/nm, ph cp xong bc tiu hc, thu nhp bnh qun u ngi
kh cao 950USD/ngi/nmTuy nhin, qu trnh ny vn cn ng trc nhng
kh khn nh: t l i ngho 8%, s lao ng tht nghip cao vi tc tng 5,8%
nm Chinh iu ny nh hng khng nh n s pht trin kinh t x hi
ca tnh trong thi gian qua.
3.2.3 Vn ha, gio dc, y t
Lnh vc vn ho - th thao c nhiu nhiu hot ng oc t chc. Phong
tro Ton dn on kt xy dng i sng vn ha c 1.125 lng, thn, bn, t
dn ph c cng nhn n v t chun vn ha (t l 82,2%); 911 c quan, n
v c cng nhn t chun vn ha (t l 85,8%); 189.060 gia nh c cng
nhn gia nh vn ha (t l 87,1%), 28 x, phng, th trn ng k xy dng x,
phng, th trn vn ha (t l 27,3%), 38,3% s thn, bn c nh sinh hot cng
ng.
Cng tc bo tn, pht huy gi tr di sn vn ha dn tc c quan tm.
u tin u t cc thit ch vn ha, cc d n tu b di tich. Hon chnh cng trnh
Tng i Quang Trung. hon thnh nhiu h s cng nhn di tich; trong , a
o Bch M, khu lu nim i tng Nguyn Chi Thanh, lng c Phc Tich
c xp hng di tich quc gia. Qun th kin trc C Hu c B Vn ha
Th thao v Du lch trao bng xp hng di tich quc gia c bit.
Lnh vc y t lm tt cng tc gim st dch t, tuyn truyn, phng chng
cc bnh truyn nhim gy dch... nh vy, khng dch bnh xy ra. Gim nhanh
t l sinh con th 3 tr ln cn 16,9%, t l tng dn s t nhin 1,14%
Lnh vc gio dc gi vng cht lng ph cp gio dc tiu hc v trung
hc c s. Mng li cc trng hc pht trin c v s lng v cht lng; c
116/577 trng t chun Quc gia, chim t l 20,1%; c bn hon thnh chng
trnh ci to mi trng v sinh trng hc.
3.2.4 nh hng pht trin kinh t - x hi n nm 2020 v nm 2030
Page 38

(Theo Quyt nh ca Th tng Chinh ph s 86/2009/Q-TTg
ngy17/06/2009)
Mc tiu kinh t
- Phn u mc tng trng kinh t bnh qun thi k 2011 2020 t

12 13%. Nhanh chng a mc GDP/ngi tng kp v vt so vi mc bnh
qun chung ca c nc ngay trong thi k 2006 2010 v t trn 1.000 USD (gi
nm 2005) vo nm 2010, n nm 2020 t trn 4.000 USD/ngi (gi thc t);
- Chuyn dch c cu kinh t theo hng cng nghip ha, hin i han nm
2015 t trng ny tng ng l 45,4% - 46,6% - 8,0% v n nm 2020 l
47,4% - 47,3% - 5,3%;
- Phn u kim ngch xut khu t vo khong 1 t USD vo nm 2020;
- Phn u t t l thu ngn sch chim trn 14% vo nm 2020.
Mc tiu x hi
- To chuyn bin c bn v vn ha, y t, gio dc, o to, nng cao dn tri, gii
quyt tt cc vn bc xc v x hi, tng bc nng cao i sng vt cht v tinh
thn ca nhn dn;
- Gim dn tc tng dn s bnh qun ,gim t l sinh bnh qun hng nm 0,3
0,4; sau nm 2012, t l tng dn s t nhin gim xung khong 1,1 1,2%.
- Phn u n nh v tng bc gim t l lao ng tht nghip khu vc thnh th
xung cn khong 5%; nng thi gian s dng lao ng khu vc nng thn khong
90% vo nm 2020. Nng s lng lao ng c gii quyt vic lm ln 16 17
nghn lao ng/nm giai on 2011 2020. Phn u n nm 2020 t 5.000
6.000 lao ng/nm. Tng t l lao ng c o to ngh trn 50% vo nm 2020.
- n nm 2020, t l nh sau: nh tr l 50%, mu gio trn 90%, tiu hc 100%,
trung hc c s 99,9%, trung hc ph thng 75%. n nm 2010, hon thnh c bn
ph cp gio dc trung hc thnh ph Hu v cc huyn ng bng;
- n nm 2020 c 98% s h c in s dng; 95% dn c c s dng nc hp
v sinh;
Page 39

- Hn ch v gim ng k, tin ti loi tr cc bnh nhim vi rt HIV/AIDS v cc
bnh dch khc. Duy tr kt qu 100% trm y t x c bc s; t 12 bc s/vn dn
v khong 15 bc s/vn dn vo nm 2020; t l ging bnh/vn dn t 37
ging vo nm 2010, trn 40 ging vo nm 2020; t l tr em suy dinh dng
di 5 tui cn di 5% vo nm 2020.
- T l h ngho di 3% vo nm 2020;
- Nng cao cht lng cc hot ng vn ha, th dc th thao, pht thanh v truyn
hnh trn ton Tnh. Nhanh chng o to, bi dng nhn ti, a cc mn th thao
mi nhn v truyn thng ca a phng tin kp trnh khu vc v c nc.
Mc tiu v mi trng
- Bo v mi trng cc vng sinh thi, trnh nhim ngun nc mt v nc

ngm, bo v rng nhp nc ven bin, bo v sinh thi m ph;
- Cc khu th, khu cng nghip, cc cm cng nghip v lng ngh phi x l
nc thi, thu gom v x l cht thi rn t tiu chun theo quy nh trc khi x
ra mi trng;
- Phng chng, hn ch n mc ti a s suy kit v nhim cc ngun ti nguyn
v cc tc hi do thin tai bo lt .v.v
3.3 Hin trng pht sinh v thu gom, x l cht thi rn thnh ph Hu.
3.3.1 Hin trng pht sinh:
Hin ti, lng rc thi pht sinh thnh ph Hu theo bo co vo khong
200 tn/ngy.
Lng rc trung bnh tip nhn ti mi c s QLCTR c th hin bng
di y:
Page 40

Bng 3.2 Lng rc tip nhn c s x l Thnh ph Hu
STT
C s x l
Khi lng (tn/ngy)
Thy Phng
60
Tm Sinh Ngha
141
Tng
202
Ngun tin monre.gov.vn
Bng 3.3 Thnh phn rc tip nhn ti cc c s x l
Ngun tin monre.gov.vn

3.3.2 Hin trng thu gom:
Tha thin - Hu mi c gn 20% s x thu gom v x li rc thi.
Page 41

Theo Trung tm nc sch v V sinh mi trng nng thn - S Nng nghip
v Pht trin nng thn Tha Hu - Hu: Cng tc thu gom v x l rc thi mi ch
thc hin c 22 x trong tng s 112 x, vng nng thn ca tnh, t 19,6%.
cc huyn, cng tc thu gom v x li rc thi cng cn rt hn ch nh: Ph Lc ch
c 3 x; Hng Tr 5 x, Qung in 5 x, Phong in 3 x...
Nguyn nhn ca tnh trng trn l do nhiu a phng trong tnh cha c quy
hoch hoc khng th quy hoch c bi rc tp trung do iu kin t ai khng
p ng.
in hnh nh th trn Sa, bnh qun mi ngy c t 20 n 25 tn rc thi;
trong khi bi rc ca th trn ng ca nhng chm quy hoch v a bi rc mi
vo hot ng... Nhiu vng nng thn xa khng c kinh phi t chc vn
chuyn rc. Ti huyn Qung in c k hoch u t 5 xe ben vn chuyn rc
thng qua Trung tm nc sch v V sinh mi trng nng thn tnh t nm 2008
nhng n nay vn cha thc hin c. Do vy, huyn phi thu mt s xe ca t
nhn vn chuyn rc n bi tp trung.
Tnh trng ng rc trong khu dn c din ra ph bin mt phn do cc n
v t chc, thu gom rc thi trn a bn nng thn cha kh nng, trong khi
nhn thc v v sinh mi trng ca ngi dn nng thn cn hn ch.
Cng ty mi trng v cng trnh cng cng Hu (HEPCO) l cng ty nh
nc duy nht thu gom v vn chuyn rc thi thnh ph Hu.
C hai phng php thu gom ang c p dng ti Hu:
H thng xe y: Cng nhn thu gom rc thi y xe thu gom rc ngi dn
ra va h hoc trc tip vo xe v a ti im rc cho ln xe (h thng

g kng).
H thng thng cha rc: Cc thng cha rc c t ti v tr c nh.
Ngi dn mang rc thi vo cc thng c nh ny. Xe ti s thu gom rc trc

tip t cc thng c nhny ti cc c s x l.H thng thng cha rc c p
dng nghin cu t nm 1999. Sau thi gian nghin cu, nhiu u im ca h
Page 42

thng c bit v ci thin v sinh mi trng c khng nh.
Chnh v th, m hnh c nhn rng ra ton min bc ca sng Hng
Thnh ph Hu hin c 600 thng cha rc bng nha vi dung tch 240 lt v 50
thng nha cha rc c dung tch 660 lt. Cc thng cha rc ny c t ch yu
dc theo cc ng ph trong 3 phng ni thnh: Thun Ha, Thun Thnh, Thun
Lc v 3 phng Ph Ct, Ph Hip, Ph Hu.
3.3.3 Mt vi c s x l cht thi rn ti Tha Thin - Hu:

Bi chn lp rc x Hng Ph, huyn Nam ng.
UBND tnh va ban hnh Cng vn s 4567/UBND-XDGT thng nht quy
m u t bi chn lp rc x Hng Ph, huyn Nam ng. Theo , Bi chn lp

rc x Hng Ph, huyn Nam ng nhm mc tiu phc v nhu cu x l rc ca
th trn Khe Tre v vng ph cn, cung cp nguyn liu (rc thi) cho cc c s ti
ch rc. D n Ban u t v Xy dng huyn Nam ng lm ch u t, c
khong 1,32ha. Quy m u t gm: nng cp ng vo bi chn lp rc di
khong 980m, nn ng rng 5,5m, mt ng rng 3,5m; xy dng mi ng
ni b rc di khong 90m, nn ng rng 5,5m, mt ng rng 3,5m, kt
cu mt ng lng nha, mng dm tiu chun. Xy dng bi chn lp c din
tch 9.000m2 (90m x 100m), chiu su 10m, th tich chn lp 90.000m3. X l
chng thm v tiu thot nc y bi: lp sn ( dm) lm tng lc, lp ct bo v
chng nt n, lp st m cht chng thm. Xy dng cng trnh thot nc mt v
thot nc, x l nc t rc. D n c tng mc u t khong 7,7 t ng, t
ngun vn u t ngn sch cp.
Bi chn lp rc x Qung Li, huyn Qung in.

Ngy 26/10, UBND tnh c Cng vn 4731/UBND-XD thng nht quy m
cng trnh bi chn lp rc x Qung Li, huyn Qung in. Bi chn lp rc x

Qung Li, huyn Qung in c din tich xy dng khong 3ha, do Ban u t v
Xy dng huyn Qung in lm ch u t nhm mc tiu phc v nhu cu x l
Page 43

rc ca th trn Sa v vng ph cn, cung cp nguyn liu rc thi cho cc c s ti
ch rc.
Quy m u t v phng n xy dng: v giao thng, tin hnh sa cha, v mt
ng t ng tnh 4 vo bi chn lp di khong 3km; xy dng mi ng ni
b rc di khong 300m; nn ng rng 6,5m, mt ng rng 3,5m; kt cu
mt ng BTXM M200. i vi bi chn lp: xy dng bi chn lp c din tich
2,5ha, o su 5 7m theo iu kin a hnh, a cht; dc dc v ngang bi t 1
- 6%; X l chng thm v tiu thot nc y bi: lp sn ( dm) lm tng lc, lp
ct bo v chng nt n, lp vi k thut, lp st m cht chng thm. Cc cng trnh
thot nc mt, thot nc t rc. X l nc rc bng phng php sinh hc vi h
thng h x l gm: h k khi, h hiu khi, b lc thc vt.
CHNG 4. LA CHN A IM, THIT K H THNG THU GOM

V BI CHN LP CHT THI RN TH CHO THNH PH HU
N NM 2030
4.1 La chn a im:
4.1.1 Cc nguyn tc v tiu ch la chn a im xy dng bi chn
lp:
Bi chn lp l cng ngh n gin, tit kim chi phi hn cc phng phc khc,
thng c p dng cc nc ang pht trin nhng i hi c mt din tich
ln v tn ti nguy c gy nhim mi trng. V vy, vic la chn v tr chn lp
l ht sc quan trng lm sao m bo cc yu cu v quy m, a cht thy vn,
cc vn kinh t, x hi Theo d tho hng dn ca ti nghin cu v kim
sot cht thi rn ca Cc Mi trng nm 1998 th vic xy dng bi chn lp cn
tha mn cc iu kin sau:
4.1.2Quy m din tch bi chn lp:
- Quy m din tch bi chn lp c xc nh trn c s:
+ Dn s, lng cht thi hin ti v t l gia tng dn s, tng lng cht
thi trong sut thi gian vn hnh bi chn lp.
+ Kh nng tng trng kinh t v nh hng pht trin th.
Page 44

-
Vic thit k bi chn lp phi ph hp vi sc cha ca n, t nht s dng

trong 5 n 10 nm.
- Thit k bi chn lp sao cho tng chiu cao ca chn lp t 15 25 m tnh t
y ln ti nh. T l din tch xy dng cc cng trnh ph tr: ng, k,
h thng thot nc, dn nc, nh kho, sn bi, cng trnh x l nc r rc, kh
gas, h thng hng ro, cy xanh chim khong 25% tng din tch bi chn
lp.
- Quy m bi chn lp c th la chn theo Thng t lin tch s 01/2001/TTLT BKHCNMT BXD ban hnh ngy 18/01/2001 Hng dn quy nh v bo v
mi trng i vi vic la chn, xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi
rn.
4.1.3 V tr bi chn lp:
V tr phi gn ni pht sinh cht thi nhng phi c khong cch thch hp
vi khu dn c gn nht, cc yu t nh hng n cc vng dn c ny l mc
c hi ca loi cht thi, iu kin hng gi, nguy c gy lt li
a im bi chn lp phi cch xa sn bay, khu dn c l khu vc t
trng vng, c h thng giao thng thun li, cch h thng nc cp cho sinh hot
v sn xut, ch bin lng thc, thc phm t nht 1000m.
Cn c bit lu cc vn sau:
+ Bi chn lp khng t khu vc ngp lt.
+ Khng t ni c tim nng nc ngm ln.
+ Bi chn lp c mt vng m rng t nht 50m bao bc xung quanh.
+ Bi chn lp phi ha nhp vi mi trng tng quan trong vng bn knh 1000m.
Bng 4.1 khong cch ti thiu t BCL ti cc cng trnh
Page 45
4.1.4 Phn tch la chn a im:

Da vo cc nguyn tc la chn v tri bi chn lp, tham kho Quyt nh
s 2298/Q-UBND ca y ban Nhn Dn tnh Tha Thin Hu v vic ph
duy t Quy hoch h thng thu gom, x l cht thi rn ca tnh Tha Thin Hu n
nm 2010, nh hng n nm 2020 la chn v tri ph hp xy dng bi chn
lp cht thi rn th cho thnh ph Hu l ti gip ranh gia x Ph Sn - th trn
Ph Bi, huyn Hng Thy c c ly vn chuyn t ni xa nht n khu x l
khong 20km, trung bnh khong 15km.
Page 46
4.2 Thit k h thng thu gom:

Cc s liu tnh ton:
+ S dn: 189.829 ngi, t l gia tng dn s hng nm: 1,2 %/nm.
+ H s pht thi cht thi rn: 0,7 kg/ngi/ngy, Lng rc gia tng hng nm:
6%.
+ T l thu gom 75%, s dng thng cha th tich 660 lit, bn 6 nm.
+ H thng thu gom lm vic 8h/ngy, h s ngoi hnh trnh 0,12.
D bo dn s theo tng nm t 2011 n 2030:
Bng 4.2 D bo dn s Thnh ph Hu t 2011 n 2030
Nm
Dn s (ngi)
Nm
Dn s (ngi)
2011
189.829
2021
213.879
2012
192.107
2022
216.445
2013
194.412
2023
219.043
2014
196.745
2024
221.671
2015
199.106
2025
224.331
2016
201.495
2026
227.023
2017
203.913
2027
229.747
2018
206.360
2028
232.504
2019
208.837
2029
235.295
2020
211.343
2030
238.118
Lng rc pht sinh theo tng nm:

Page 47

Nm 2011: Lng rc = h s pht thi x s dn nm 2011 x 365
Cc nm tip theo th lng rc tng thm 6% so vi nm trc :
Li = Li-1 1,06
Bng 4.3 D bo lng cht thi rn th pht sinh hng nm
Nm
Lng rc
(kg/nm)
Nm
Lng rc
(kg/nm)
2011
48.501.310
2021
86.858.458
2012
51.411.388
2022
92.069.966
2013
54.496.071
2023
97.594.164
2014
57.765.836
2024
103.449.814
2015
61.231.786
2025
109.656.803
2016
64.905.693
2026
116.236.211
2017
68.800.034
2027
123.210.383
2018
72.928.037
2028
130.603.006
2019
77.303.719
2029
138.439.187
2020
81.941.942
2030
146.745.538
Tng lng rc pht sinh trong 20 nm: 1.784.149.344 kg = 1.784.149 tn

Lng rc thu gom c:
Lng rc thu gom = lng rc pht sinh t l thu gom (0,75)
Bng 4.4 Lng rc thu gom Thnh ph Hu
Nm
Lng rc
thu gom
(kg/nm)
Lng rc
thu gom
(kg/ngy)
Nm
Lng rc
thu gom
(kg/nm)
Lng rc
thu gom
(kg/ngy)
Page 48

2011
36.375.982
99.660
2021
65.143.844
178.476
2012
38.558.541
105.640
2022
69.052.474
189.185
2013
40.872.054
111.978
2023
73.195.623
200.536
2014
43.324.377
118.697
2024
77.587.360
212.568
2015
45.923.839
125.819
2025
82.242.602
225.322
2016
48.679.270
133.368
2026
87.177.158
238.842
2017
51.600.026
141.370
2027
92.407.787
253.172
2018
54.696.027
149.852
2028
97.952.255
268.362
2019
57.977.789
158.843
2029
103.829.390
284.464
2020
61.456.456
168.374
2030
110.059.153
301.532
Tng lng rc thu gom trong 20 nm: 1.338.122.008 kg = 1.338.122 tn.

Tnh ton h thng thu gom nm 2011:
- Cc s liu v iu kin tnh ton s lng thng rc:
+ Din tch ca thnh ph l S = 83,3 km2.
+ S dng h thng thng c nh.
+ Mi v tri t 1 thng rc, khong cch gia cc thng rc l nh nhau.
+ Thu gom mi ngy 1 ln.
+ Lng rc thu gom: 99.660 kg/ngy.
+ Khi lng ring ca rc l 272 kg/m3.
+ Mi thng rc c th tch Vt= 660 l = 0,66 m3, chn h s s dng thng l ft = 0,8
(80%).
Th tch rc thu gom trong 1 ngy l: Vr=L/d = 99.660/272 = 366,4 m3.
Nu tin hnh thu gom rc hng ngy th s thng rc cn thit l:
S thng: N Vr/ (Vt ft) = 366,4 / ( 0,66 0,8) = 694 (thng).
Mt thng rc: N/S = 694/83,3 = 8,33 thng/km2.
Xt trung bnh khong cch gia cc thng bng nhau nn trn 1 km chiu di
ng ph s c 8,33 = 2,886 thng.
Khong cch gia cc thng rc l D = 1000/2,886 = 346m = 0,346 km
- Tnh ton s xe thu gom rc:
Page 49

S liu v iu kin tnh ton:
+ S dng xe c dung tch Vxe 6m3.
+ H s nn rc ca xe l r = 1,5 ln.
+ Khong cch trung bnh t ni thu gom n bi chn lp l s = 15km.
+ Thi gian bc xp 1 thng rc ln xe l Tbc xp ln xe = 6 pht = 0,1 h.
+ Thi gian xe ch rc bi chn lp l Tbi = 6 pht = 0,1 h.
+ Vn tc trung bnh ca xe thu gom l vtb = 30 km/h.
+ H s ngoi hnh trnh W = 0,15.
- Tnh ton thi gian yu cu cho 1 chuyn xe:
Tyu cu = (Tbx + Tbi + x/ vtb) 1/ (1-W) (*)
Trong : Tbx l tng thi gian cn c 1 xe bc xp ht s thng rc cho n khi
y xe v thi gian xe di chuyn gia cc thng rc cn bc xp.
X l c ly di chuyn t ni thu gom n BCL v quay v (x = 2s = 30 km)
Tbx = Nt Tbc xp ln xe + (Np -1) Thnh trnh (**)
Trong : Nt l s thng rc cn bc xp cho y 1 xe.
Nt = Vxe r / (Vt ft) = 6 1,5 / (0,66 0,8) = 17 thng.
Np l s khong cch gia cc thng cn bc xp cho y 1 xe.
Np = Nt 1 = 17 1 = 16 (khong cch).
Thnh trnh l thi gian xe cn di chuyn gia cc thng rc.
Thnh trnh = D / vtb = 0,346 / 30 = 0,012 (h).
Th cc s liu vo cng thc (**) ta c: Tbx = 17 0,1 + 16 0,012 = 1,89 (h)
Th Tbx vo cng thc (*) ta c: Tyu cu = (Tbx + Tbi + x/ vtb) 1/ (1-W)
= (1,89 + 0,1 + 30/30) 1/ (1-0,15)
= 3,52 (h)
Mi ngy 1 xe lm vic 8 h, ngh ngi 8 0,12 = 0,96 h, vy thi gian lm
vic thc t l: 8- 0,96 = 7,04 (h).
Mi chuyn xe cn khong thi gian l 3,52 h, vy 1 ngy 1 xe s thu gom
c: 7,04/3,52 = 2 chuyn.
Mt khc, mi chuyn xe thu gom c 17 thng, trong khi tng s thng l
694 thng tng s chuyn yu cu l: 694/ 17 = 40,8 chuyn, ly trn 41 chuyn
xe.
Vy s xe cn thit l: 41/2 = 20,5 xe = 21 xe.
Xem xt khong cch gia ni thu gom v bi chn lp trung bnh l 15 km
l khong cch khng ln, hng ngy cn chuyn ch khong 100 tn rc, trong
thnh ph mt dn c kh ng nn khong cch gia cc v tr cn thu gom gn
Page 50

nhau th khng cn thit phi xy dng trm trung chuyn, c th b qua phng n
xy dng trm trung chuyn.
4.3 Tnh ton thit k bi chn lp:
4.3.1 Tnh din tch bi chn lp:
S liu, iu kin tnh ton:
+ Tng lng rc thu gom trong 20 nm: 1.338.122.008 kg = 1.338.122 tn.
+ Khi lng rc em chn lp = 95% khi lng thu gom:
1.338.122 x 0,95 = 1.271.216 tn.
+ Rc thi c a n bi chn lp s c m nn k t trng t ti 0,52
0,8 tn/m3, chn d = 0,8 m3.
+ chn lp c tin hnh lp 1 lp rc 2- 2,2 m (chn 2m) th ph 1 lp ph
trung gian (bng t) dy 0,2m.
+ Gi s chn lp c tit din ng gm 2 hnh thang.
a2
h2
600
450
h1
a1
Hnh 4.1 Tit din ng ca chn lp

Th tch rc thi cn chim ch l: Wtc = Mtg / b
Page 51

Trong :
Wtc : th tch rc thi cn chim ch trong bi chn lp
b : t trng cht thi rn, b = 0,8 tn/m3
Wtc = 1.338.122 0,95 /0,8
= 1.589.019,9 (m3)
Chn chiu cao l thuyt ca chn lp l D = 15 m= 1500 cm, lp cht thi rn
(rc) dr = 200 cm v lp t ph xen k dd = 20 cm.
S lp rc chn lp (L) trong 1 chn lp:
L = D/ (dr+ dd)
= 1500/(200 + 20)
= 6,82 lp. Ly trn 6 lp rc
Chiu cao hu dng cha rc:
d 1 = dr L
=26
= 12 (m)
Chiu cao ca cc lp t ph:
d 2 = dd L
= 0,2 5 = 1 m
Din tch hu dng cn thit chn ht lng rc tnh ton:

Stc = Wtc/d1
= 1.589.019,9 /12
Page 52

= 132.418,33( m2)
= 13,2 (ha)
Nu din tich t s dng xy dng cc cng trnh ph tr l 25% th tng din tch
bi chn lp s l 13,2 x (1+0.25)= 16,5ha.
4.3.2 tinh ton din tich cc chn lp:
Theo s liu tinh ton, khi lng cht thi rn t nm 2011 2030 l
1.338.122 tn v thi gian s dng bi chn lp l 20 nm. Din tch s dng
chn lp l 13,2 ha, s xy dng 12 chn lp c din tich, kich thc bng nhau.
Cc chn lp s c s dng theo th t nh s t 1 n 12, ny lp y s s
dng tip theo.
Khi lng cht thi rn chn trong mt :
1.271.216 / 12 = 105.934,7 (tn)
Th tch cht thi rn trong mt : 105.934,7 / 0,8= 132.418,3 (m3)
Th tch ca mt chn lp c th tinh nh sau:
V = VI + VII (***)
VI
= 1/3 h1{a1b1 + ab + (a1b1ab )1/2}
VII = 1/3 h2 {a2b2 + ab + (a2b2ab)1/2}

Trong :
VI
: Th tch phn chm ca chn lp.
VII : Th tch phn ni ca chn lp

h1
: Chiu cao phn chm ca chn lp (ly = 5m)
h2
: Chiu cao phn ni ca chn lp (ly = 10m)
Page 53

a,b : Chiu di, chiu rng ming chn lp
a1,b1 : Chiu di, chiu rng y di chn lp
a2,b2 : Chiu di, chiu rng y trn chn lp
Ta c:
a1 = a - 2h1 = a - 10
a2 = a - 2h2 cotg600 = a - 11,55
b1 = b- 2h1 = b - 10
b2 = b - 2h2 cotg600 = b 11,55
V = Vrc + Vvt liu ph
Vvt liu ph / Vrc = d2 100% / d1 = 100 / 12= 8,3 %
Nn: Vvt liu ph = 8,3% Vrc

V
= 108,3% Vrc
= 132.418,3 1,083 = 143.409 (m3)
Chn: a = 110 m
b = 100m
din tch S = 11.000 (m2) = 1,1 ha
Ta s c:
a1 = 100 m
b1 = 90m
Page 54

a2 = 98,45m
b2 = 88,45m
Tnh V theo cng thc (***) ta c:
V = 148.233,1 (m3)
Vy 12 chn lp c din tch l:
11.000 12 = 132.000 (m2)
= 13,2 (ha)
Thi cng chn lp c:
-
Chiu di mt :
110m
Chiu di y :
100m
Chiu rng mt : 100m
Chiu rng y : 90m
Chiu cao :
5m (phn chm).
4.3.3 Lp chng thm:

Lp lt y: (b tr t di ln)
+ t nn y v 2 bn thnh c m nn k.
+ Lp t st dy: 0,6m (h s thm nc >10-7cm/s).
+ Lp vi a cht chng thm: 0,002 m.
+ Lp ct dy: 0,2m
+ Lp si v ng ng thu gom nc r rc dy: 0,2m
+ Lp vi a cht 2 (cho nc r rc chy qua c) dy: 0,002m
+ Lp t bo v dy: 0,3m
Page 55

Tng chiu dy: 1,304m.
Lp ph b mt: (b tr t di ln)
+ Lp t st dy: 0,6m.
+ Lp vi a cht chng thm dy: 0,002m.
+ Lp ct thot nc dy: 0,2m
+ Lp t trng c dy: 0,4m
Tng chiu dy: 1,202 m.
Lp rc v t ph trung gian theo tnh ton phn trn dy: 13m.
Tng chiu cao ca chn lp: 13 + 1,304 + 1,202 = 15,506 (m)
ng thu kh
Lp at trong
co
Lp cat thoat
nc
Lp vi a cht
Lp ph
b mt
lp chng thm HDPE

1mm
Lp t 0,6m
Lp rac th n
(2m)
ma
Lp rc v t
ph
Lp ph trung gian (0,2m)
Lp rac th
n -1
Lp rac th 1
(2m/lp)
Lp y chng
thm
Lp at bao ve
(0,3m)
Lp
vai a
chat 2
Lp soi + ng ong
(0,2m)
Lp cat
(0,2m)
Lp vai a chat
1 Lp chong tham HDPE
1.5mm
Hnh4.2 Cu to chn lp
Lp set chong tham

(0,6m)
4.3.4 Tinh ton lng nc r rc v h thng thu gom, x l nc r rc:

Page 56

4.3.4.1 Lng nc r rc sinh ra:
Nc r rc sinh ra ch yu l do nc c sn trong rc chy ra do b nn,
nc ma khi cha lp y chn lp, mt phn nh l do qu trnh phn hy cc
cht trong cht thi.
S liu tnh ton:
+ Khi lng rc trung bnh ngy: M = 1.338.122 / (20 365) = 183,3 tn/ngy.
+ Lng ma ngy trong thng ln nht:
Lng ma: 2500mm/nm, thng 11 ma nhiu nht: 2500 0,3 = 750 mm/ thng.
Lng ma ngy ln nht: P = 750/30 = 25mm/ngy = 0,025 m/ngy.
+ m trung bnh
Bng 4.5 Thnh phn rc thi th Thnh ph Hu
STT
Thnh phn
Khi lng m
m p
(%)
(%)
1
Thc phm tha
79
70
Giy
Nha, linon
9,03
Cnh cy, mnh vn
1,2
10
Vi, cao su, hu c tng hp
0,15
Thy tinh
2,13
Lon, hp
1,05
Khc
1,48
m trung bnh trc khi nn:

W2 = 81 = 56,16%
m trung bnh sau khi nn (t trng: 0,272 ln 0,8 tn/m3)
m sau khi nn: W1 = 25%.
+ H s thot nc b mt: R = 0,015
+ Lng nc bc hi hng ngy: E = 5mm/ngy =0,005m/ngy
+ Din tch cng tc mi ngy:
Th tch rc trung bnh mi ngy:
Page 57

V = 183,3/0,8 = 229,13 (m3).
Chiu cao 1 lp rc = 2m din tch cng tc: A = 299,13 / 2 = 114,6 (m2)
Lng nc r rc sinh ra:
C = M(W2 W1) + (P(1-R)-E) A
= 183,3 (56,16-25)/100 + (0,85 0,025 0,005) 114,6
= 58,98 m3/ngy.
4.3.4.2 H thng thu gom nc r rc:
Thot nc mt:
+ Xy dng bao ngn nc ma chy trn c th ngm vo chn lp hoc
lm si mn b chn lp. Xy cao 2,5m, chiu rng b mt 2,5m.
+ o v xy rnh thot nc b mt xung quanh bi chn lp.
Thot nc ti y bi:
+ H thng thu gom nc r r c s dng l h thng thu gom nc y BCL
c biu din theo hnh sau:
Tng thu nc r rc
ng thu gom
nc r rc
1%
3%
1%
3%
Tng chng thm

10m
10m
Hnh 4.3 H thng thu gom nc r rc

Page 58

+ y chn lp dc ti thiu 1% v phia ng ng thu gom, xung quanh ng thu
gom bn kinh 10 m c dc 3%.
+ S dng ng c ng knh 15 20 cm. C 100mm ng s c khoan l thu
nc, khong cch gia 2 l khoan l 6mm, kich thc l khoan phi ph hp vi
kich thc ht ct nh nht.
+ Cui ng ng c h ga tp trung nc r rc, t my bm ht ln h thng
x l.
4.3.4.3 Mt s cng ngh x l nc r rc:
Nc r rc c cha cc cht nhim vi nng rt cao, qu trnh x l kh
phc tp, phi kt hp nhiu phng php x l nh sinh hc, ha l th u ra
mi c th t tiu chun.
Vit Nam, trn thc t vic kim sot nc r rc cha c tt, ch mt
vi bi chn lp p dng cng ngh tin tin mi c th x l nhng gi thnh xy
dng v vn hnh kh cao.
Bng 4.6 Thnh phn ha hc nc r r t bi chn lp mi v lu nm
Bi chn lp mi (cha n 2 nm)
Khong (mg/l)
in hnh (mg/l)
Bi chn c (trn
10 nm) (mg/l)
BOD5
2.000 30.000
10.000
100 200
TOC
1.500 20.000
6.000
80 160
COD
3.000 60.000
18.000
100 500
TSS
200 2000
500
100 400
Nit hu c
10 800
200
80 120
Ammonia
10 800
200
20 40
Nitrate
5 40
25
5 10
Tng phospho
5 100
30
5 10
Artho phospho
4 80
20
48
1.000 10.000
3.000
200 1.000
Ch tiu
kim (CaCO3)
Page 59

4,5 7,5
6,6 7,5
cng
300 10.000
3.500
200 500
Ca2+
200 3.000
1.000
100 400
Mg2+
50 1.500
250
50 200
K+
200 1.000
300
50 400
Na+
200 2.500
500
100 200
Cl -
200 3.000
500
100 400
SO42-
50 1.000
300
20 50
Tng st
50 1.200
60
20 200
pH
(Ngun: Tchobanoglous v cng s, 1993)

Sau y l mt s cng ngh x l nc r rc:
Cng ngh 1:
-
Cng ty c phn k thut Seen (ti bi rc Nam Sn, H Ni)
Page 60

Dng vo
H sinh hc
B lng th cp
B x l bng
Ca(OH)2
B phn ng
B UASB
Lng
Thit b ng keo t
Thp tch NH3
B lng ct
B iu ha
B SBR
B lc than hot
tnh
B kh trng
Dng ra
Hnh 4.4 Mt s cng ngh x l nc r rc
Cng ngh 2:
Page 61

Cng ngh 3:
Kim ha
Nc
r rc
B tch NH3
Trung ha &
kt lng
B/ h
tip nhn
X cn
X
cn
Kh
Lng
Aeroten
B k kh
Bn hi lu
XY HA BNG
PHNG PHP
FENTON
Cnh ng lc
t nhin
Ngun nhn
Page 62
Nhn xt chung:
C 3 cng ngh u c p dng x l nc thi c nng nhim cao,
nht l COD, BOD, NH4+, mi v cht l lng. Do ti lng hu c cao nn nc r
rc thng c x l kt hp k kh v hiu khi nhng trong nc r rc c th
cha cc cht c hi (ty thuc vo thnh phn cht thi em chn lp) nn qu
trnh sinh hc c th khng c hiu qu ti a. Chinh v vy nn p dng phng
php keo t to bng trc khi x l sinh hc, mt phn cht hu c s c tch ra
khi nc thi, cht l lng keo t c th ko theo mt s cht v c, hu c c hi
vi vi sinh vt.
Mt s cht hu c kh phn hy sinh hc th nn p dng phng php oxy
ha ha hc khc. cng ngh 3, p dng phng php oxy ha Fenton, y
dng tc nhn H2O2 v xuc tc Fe2+ khong ha cc hp cht bn kh phn hy
sinh hc. Nhng phng php ny tn km v ha cht v phi thc hin pH thp.
Ty thuc vo tiu chun u ra, kinh t m mt bi chn lp c th la chn
mt trong cc phng n trn, nu t vn mi trng nn hng u th c th p
dung phng n th 3 l x l trit nht.
UV
bazo
Nc vo
iu
chnh pH
xy ha
Fenton
H2O2
Trung
ha v
lng
Nc ra
Fe2+
Bn
Hnh 4.7 Phng php oxy ha fenton

Page 63

4.3.5 Tinh ton lng kh gas sinh ra, thu gom, x l kh:
4.3.5.1 Tnh ton kh sinh ra:
Bng 4.7 T l thnh phn cc kh ch yu sinh ra t bi chn lp
Thnh phn
Th tch kh (%)
CH4
45 60
CO2
40 60
N2
25
O2
0,1 1
Mercaptans, hp cht cha lu hunh
01
NH3
0,1 1
H2
0 0,2
CO
0 0,2
0,01 0,6
Cc kh khc
Tnh cht
Gi tr
Nhit (0F)
100 120
T trng
1,01 1,06
Bng 4.8 Thnh phn cht thi rn th

STT
Thnh phn
Khi lng m
(%)
m p
(%)
Phn hy nhanh
1
Thc phm tha
79
70
Giy
Page 64

3
Cnh cy, mnh vn
1,2
10
0,15
Phn hy chm
4
Vi, cao su, hu c tng hp

Cht tr
Thy tinh
2,13
Lon, hp
1,05
Khc
1,48
Nha, linon
9,03
Nhn xt: Trong lng cht thi em chn lp ch yu l cht phn hy sinh
hoc nhanh v cht c xem l tr v mt sinh hc, ha hc cn cht phn hy sinh
hc chm ch chim 0,15% khi lng. Trong tinh ton lng kh gas sinh ra th
cht phn hy sinh hc chm cn n 15 nm phn hy 50% khi lng nn
trong phn tnh ton ny s b qua phn phn hy sinh hc chm, ch tnh ton
lng kh sinh ra do phn hy cht phn hy sinh hoc nhanh (phn hy 75% khi
lng trong vng 5 nm).
Cht phn hy sinh hc nhanh gm thc phm tha, giy, cnh cy, l cy,
cc mnh vn t rc vn, rc chm sc cy cnh ng ph. Tng khi lng
chim 86,2% khi lng thu gom.
Khi lng cc cht phn hy sinh hc nhanh:
M = 1.338.112 x 0,862 = 1.153.461( tn)
Khi lng phn hy sau 5 nm:
Mph = 1.153.461 x 0,75 = 865.096 (tn)
m chung cc cht phn hy nhanh:
W = 79 x 0,7 + 6 x 0,06 + 1,2 x 0,1 = 55,78 %
Khi lng kh ca lng cht phn hy sinh hc nhanh:
Mkh= 865.096 x (1- 0,5578) = 382.545 (tn)
Tng lng kh sinh ra trong qu trinh phn hy nhanh l 14 ft3/lb = 0,8746
m3/kg khi lng kh.
Tng lng kh sinh ra: 382.545 x 1000 x 0,8746 = 334.573.857 (m3)
4.3.5.2 Thu gom v x l kh sinh gas sinh ra:
Page 65

Thu gom bng cch thi cng cc ging thu gom kh. Cc ging ny c khoan su
vo lp cht thi 1 1,5 m.
Khong cch gia cc ging thu kh la chn theo tiu chun (50m 70m) ,
chn l 60m, b tr cc ging theo hnh tam gic u.
Sau khi thu gom, kh gas phi c x l, c th thiu t trc tip nhng s
khng hiu qu kinh t. Kh gas nn s dng phc v cho cc m ich khc nh dn
sinh, t, sy cc nguyn liu, cc cng on sn xut ca ngnh kinh t khc, lng
khi sinh ra tng i ln th c th u t cng ngh sn xut in bng nhit sinh
ra khi t kh gas.
Hnh4.8 S cu to ging thu kh gas
4.4 D tr kinh t bi chn lp:

Bi chn lp c 12 chn lp, mi c din tch 1,1 ha.
Bng 4.8 D tr kinh t mt chn lp
STT
Tn hng mc
cng trnh
o t lng h
chn rc
m nn y h
chn
n gi
Thnh tin
(vn)
(vn)
49.916,5
3.500
174.707.600
9.000
2000
18.000.000
n v
Khi lng
m3
m2
Page 66

bao xung
7
8
quanh h chn
Lp chng thm
y
Lp chng thm
vch
Lp chng thm
b mt
Vi a k thut
y
m3
2.625
15.000
39.375.000
m2
9.000
52.000
468.000.000
m2
2.000
52.000
104.000.000
m2
12.676.9
52.000
659.198.800
m2
9.000
4.000
36.000.000
m2
12.676.9
4.000
50.707.600
m3
6.141.6
5.000
30.707.900
m3
35.827.7
6.000
214.967.000
Ci
Vi a k thut
ph b mt
Ct v si
10
11
Lp t st y,
vch, ph b mt
H thu gom nc
r rc
3.000.00
0
Tng cng
3.000.000
1.798.633.900
12 chn =1.798.633.900 12 = 21.583.966.800 (ng)

Kinh phi my mc, thit b v nhn cng: 4.950.000.000 ng.
Chi phi n b: 500.000.000 ng
Trong :
-
Xe p rc 3.5 tn: 3 xe
Page 67

-
Xe i, san nn: 2 xe
Xe o t: 1 xe
Nhn s: 12 ngi.
Tng cng: 27.033.966.800 ng.

KT LUN V KIN NGH:
Phng n chn lp hp v sinh c th gii quyt vn cht thi rn ca Thnh ph Hu
ni ring v nc ta ni chung trong hin ti v tng lai nu c s u t thich hp v vn
v cng ngh.
Trong khi cc bi chn lp hin ti ca Thnh ph Hu ang ht dn din tich cc chn
lp th cn thit phi tinh ton d n cho cc bi chn lp mi. Ngoi ra, cn tng cng
kim sot cc vn mi trng xung quanh bi chn lp. Xy dng cc trm quan trc v
lp k hoch quan trc mi trng nh k.
Trong khu thu gom cht thi rn cn phi quan tm vic phn loi cht thi c th tch
ti a lng cht thi c th ti ch, ti s dng, cht thi nguy hi t hiu qu hn
v mt kinh t v mi trng.
Page 68
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Bai Chon Lap Chat Thai Ran Cho Thanh Pho Hue

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Bai Chon Lap Chat Thai Ran Cho Thanh Pho Hue

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TRNG I HC NHA TRANG

TNH TON THIT K BI CHN LP

GVHD: Nguyn Th Ngc Thanh

Nha Trang, thng 6 nm 2011.

THIT K BCL CHR TH CHO TP HU 2011

DANH SCH NHM I:

N QUN L & X L CHT THI RN

THIT K BCL CHR TH CHO TP HU 2011

DANH SCH NHM I: .................................................................................................... 2

Tinh cp thit: ....................................................................................................... 6

Ni dung nghin cu: ............................................................................................ 7

Phng php nghin cu: ................................................................................... 7

CHNG 2. TNG QUAN V CHT THI RN TH V CC BIN PHP X

Tng quan v cht thi rn th......................................................................... 9

2.1.1. Cht thi rn l g? ............................................................................................. 9

Cc phng php x l cht thi rn ................................................................ 21

2.2.1. Phng php x l c hc................................................................................ 22

Quy trnh k thut qun l cht thi rn ............................................................. 29

2.3.1. Thu gom v vn chuyn ................................................................................... 29

3.1.1. V tri a l....................................................................................................... 33

THIT K BCL CHR TH CHO TP HU 2011

3.3.1. Hin trng pht sinh: ........................................................................................ 40

La chn a im: ............................................................................................ 44

4.1.1. Cc nguyn tc v tiu ch la chn a im xy dng bi chn lp:............... 44

Thit k h thng thu gom: ............................................................................... 47

Tnh ton thit k bi chn lp:......................................................................... 51

4.3.1. Tnh din tch bi chn lp: .............................................................................. 51

N QUN L & X L CHT THI RN

THIT K BCL CHR TH CHO TP HU 2011

N QUN L & X L CHT THI RN

THIT K BCL CHR TH CHO TP HU 2011

THIT K BCL CHR TH CHO TP HU 2011

1.3 Phng php nghin cu:

Cc vn bn php quy ca trung ng v a phng c lin quan n vn

qun l v sinh mi trng i vi cht thi rn.

Cc vn bn v cc quy nh i vi vic xy dng BCL cht thi rn hp v

N QUN L & X L CHT THI RN

THIT K BCL CHR TH CHO TP HU 2011

Cc d liu v iu kin t nhin: a cht, a hnh, t, khi tng thu

Cc d liu v hin trng v quy hoch pht trin kinh t x hi ca thanh

p dng cc bin php v k thut thit k bi chn lp CTR hp v sinh

theo TCVN 6696 2000.

N QUN L & X L CHT THI RN

THIT K BCL CHR TH CHO TP HU 2011

CHNG 2: TNG QUAN V CHT THI RN TH V

THIT K BCL CHR TH CHO TP HU 2011

Khu dn c: CTR t khu dn c phn ln l cc loi thc phm d tha hay

cp thi ra cc loi x bn, st thp vn, vi va, gch v, g, ng dn Cc dch

Khu cng nghip, nng nghip: CTRSH thi c thi ra t cc hot ng

sinh hot ca cng nhn, cn b vin chc cc x nghip cng nghip, cc c s

THIT K BCL CHR TH CHO TP HU 2011

- Rau, qu, thc phm

ba, giy v sinh

- Phim cun, ti cht do,

- Ti sch da, cp da, v

N QUN L & X L CHT THI RN

THIT K BCL CHR TH CHO TP HU 2011

- Hng ro, dao, np l

khng b nam chm

bng kim loi

- Chai l, dng bng

thu tinh, bng n

chy khc ngoi kim