CENTRE HIGH: PHYSICS 30

UNIT 1: CONSERVATION LAWS

Lesson 6: Dynamics and Energy Activity (5% of unit)

Activity 1: (20 min) A 700 kg vehicle, travelling at 72.0 km/h, comes to rest over a distance of 150 m. Find the magnitude of the friction force: a) using dynamics (forces and Newton's Laws) b) using work and energy
Be certain to state any assumptions.

Solution:

Method 1: Dynamics
a Ref: forward is + Ff

List: vi = 72.0 x 1000 m = 20.0 m/s 3600 s vf = 0 d = 150 m Equations: Fnet = ma a? vf2 = vi2 + 2 a d Ff ?

Find a:
vf2 = vi2 + 2 a d - vi2 = 2 a d a = - vi2 2d = - (20.0 m/s)2 2 (150 m)

= -1.333 m/s2

Find Ff :
Fnet = m a Ff = m a = (700 kg) (-1.333 m/s2) = - 933 N So, the magnitude of Ff is 933 N

a
Ff

Assuming that Ff is the only horizontal force. (Ignore vertical forces - they are balanced)

Method 2: W and E
METi + WFf = METf KEi + WFf = KEf WFf = KEf - KEi = 0 - 0.5 mvi2 = - 0.5 (700 kg) (20.0 m/s)2 = - 1.40 x 105 J

WFf = Ff d cos 180 Ff = WFf d cos -1.40 x 105 J (150 m) cos 180 933 N Ff d

Ff =

Ff =

Activity 2: (20 min) A person, attached to a bungee cord, falls from a large height. Analyze this motion (to max stretch of the cord), using: a) forces and acceleration (Newton's Laws) b) work and energy Describe all energy conversions.
Ignore AR.

4. a) Dynamics:
Fg Standing: (1st Law) FN = Fg No a

FN

Fg
Falling: (2nd Law) a=g - only Fg acting on the person - person accelerates at 9.81 m/s2 downward

Fg
Stretching the cord: 3rd Law

- person exerts a downward force on cord - cord exerts an equal, upward force on person
2nd law Fs - Fs > Fg - accelerates upward, which slows the person down (a in opposite DIR to v)

4. b) Energetics:
Recall PEg = height (mgh) KE = speed (0.5mv2) Ee = stretching / compressing (0.5kx2)

W = E

Max height (at rest): - person has only PEg

Falling: - Fg does work on the person and changes her energy (W = E) - height decreases, speed increases PEg transforms to KE

Stretching the bungee cord: - Fs does work on person and changes her energy - speed and height decrease, stretching increases
So, KE and PEg transfer to the bungee cord in the form of Ee