BASIC RELATIONSHIPS IN ELASTICITY THEORY

I. Nomenclature

a)

ei i gij

= strain in the i- direction

= x,y,z (Cartesian) or r, q, z (cylindrical)
= shear strain in the i j plane

b)

u, v, w

= displacements in the three directions (m)

c)

si
t ij

= normal stress component (Pa)

= shear stress component (Pa)

d)

E G n

=modulus of elasticity in tension and compression (Pa) = modulus of elasticity in shear (Pa) = E / 2(1 + N ) = Poissons ratio

e)

X.Y.Z = body force components (N/m3)

R,Q,Z =body force components (N/m3)

II.

Strain-Displacement Relationships a) Cartesian Coordinates

ex =

u x

g xy =

v u + x y
w v + y z

ey =

v y

g yz =

ez =

w z

g xz =

u w + z x

b)

Cylindrical Coordinates

er =

u r
u 1 v + r r Q

g rQ =
gQ z =

v 1 u v + r r Q r
1 w v + r Q z

eQ =

ez =

III.

w z

g zr =

u w + z r

Strain-Stress Relationships (Hookes law for an isotropic medium) a) Cartesian Coordinates

ex =

1 [s x - v(s y + s z )] E 1 [s y - v(s x + s z )] E 1 [s z - v(s x + s y )] E

ey =

ez =

t xy = Gg xy , t yz = Gg yz , t xz = Gg xz

b) Cylindrical Coordinates

er =

1 [s r - v(s Q + s z )] E 1 [s Q - v(s r + s z )] E 1 [s z - v(s r + s Q )] E

eQ =

ez =

IV.

t rQ = Gg rQ , t rz = Gg rz , t Qz = Gg Qz
Stress-Strain Relationships

a)

Cartesian Coordinates

sx =

E [(v -1)ex - v(ey + ez )] (v + 1)(2v -1)

sy =

E [(v -1)ey - v(ex + ez )] (v + 1)(2v -1)

sz =

E [(v -1)ez - v(ez + ey )] (v + 1)(2v -1)

b)

Cylindrical Coordinates

sr =

E [(v -1)er - v(eQ + ez )] (v + 1)(2v -1) E [(v -1)eQ - v(er + ez )] (v + 1)(2v -1) E [(v -1)ez - v(er + eQ )] (v + 1)(2v -1)
3

sQ =

sz =

V. a)

Equilibrium Equations Cartesian Coordinates

s x t xy t xz + + +X =0 x y z

s y t xy t yz + + +Y = 0 y x z
t yz t z t xz + + +Z =0 z x y

b)

Cylidrical Coordinates

2t rQ t zQ 1 s Q t rQ + + + +Q=0 r Q r r z

s r 1 t rQ s r - s Q t r z + + + +R=0 r r Q r z s z 1 t zQ t rz t + + + rz + Z = 0 z r Q r r

VI.

Equation and Unknown Count a) Equations 6 strain displacement relationships 6 strain stress relationships 3 Equilibrium equations 15 equations b) Unknowns
6 strains
3 displacements
6 stresses
15 unknowns

eQ eQ

lim = DQ 0 lim

[(r + u)DQ + v +

v DQ] - [rDQ + v] Q rDQ

eQ =

lim DQ 0

u 1 v u 1 v [ + ]= + r r Q r r Q

er =

lim Dr 0

u+

u Dr - u u r = Dr r
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