Bharatha Swatantrodyamam - Mulsim Mahilalu

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INDIAN FREEDOM MOVEMENT: MUSLIM WOMEN.

Telugu name of this book is BHARATHA SWATHNTRODYMAM : MUSLIM MAHILALU.
In this Book total 61 Life sketches of those great Muslim women, who took very active role in the struggle for the
independence of India is given. It starts form Begum Hazrath Mahal of 1857 and ends with the story of Nafis Aysha of
1948 who fought against Nijam in Andhra Pradesh and some other Women who took part in the Local Struggles.
This Book contains total 286 Pages. 1/8 the Demmy Size with Multi colour title. This same is published in the year
2006 with numbers of Photos and Sketches.
Actually this book is written and Published in 1999 with only 32 Pages later on it was rewised and rewritten in
the year 2003 with 86 Pages and published second time in the same Year.
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M.Com; LLB; D.P.M; D.L.L
Sahitya Ratna (Hindi)
Indian Freedom Movement : Muslim Women (Telugu)

Written by : Syed Naseer Ahamed
TIP Series No. 150
All Rights Reserved with Writer
First Edition
: November, 2006
Copies
: 2000
ISBN
Published by
`Q aH+<
Typeset by
( Under TIP Trust)
Printed at :
O^=#O, H_H\,
^~^500 002.
Price
: 81-88241-45-8
: Telugu Publications
( Under TIP Trust)
Sandesha Bhavanam,
Lakkadkot, Chatta Bazar,
Hyderabad-500 002. India.
Phone: 24564583
: Geeturai Graphics
Lakkadkot, Hyderabad-2.
: Cosmic Printers
Lakkadkot, Hyderabad-2.
: Rs. 160
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41
42
Hx QO [~` = JO`~O
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QO PÒ\k . Jx QO [~` =# uOK_. ( A Compre-
43
44
hensive History of India, H. Beveridge, 1887 Ed. Vol.III, Page. 842. Quoted by
Mr. Srivasthava in his book Freedom Fighters of Indin Mutiny 1857 at page.105)
P" ~#+ = H#@~` qQ` ~+ HO> Q ~@

^ ~Q Mu Q_O Kk.., Jx =Y Ki`H~_ Mr. Abdul Harim Sharar
"MxOK_. (Freedom Fighters of Indian Mutiny 1857, Mr. Srivasthava,
page.105)
J=^ i` HO`"~ "~Q _H QO [~` = `#

~[H `# K<~OaOK~. a\+~` qY` J~# <
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P ="O L`[iÒQ Oy, ' ZO^H xsH}..`$=`
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q~ ~< Q_`~ ? =O^ QO_. q~ ~_`~ ? ^ ?
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< k` # xQn ~. D O^~ O Q x q^ `\ yOz#
P" =@ u~Q@ ^ P` |e^<xH #^# K, ~
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1857 <\ u~Q@ =~H_ Z^~H#O` ~"x Kq K#
45
46
Nagendra.K.Singh, APH Publishing Corporation, New Delhi, 2001, Page.64)
P `~"` a\+ ~_hx QO # K@=\~. q[" g~

~" JO@ ~@O ~OaOK~. D ~@ =O QO J~
^~ # îOK~. a__ ai+ Yn~# "O@ @x U#Q
q^ P" OQ ~}qH qK~. (Hazrath Mahal riding on an elephant encouraged her army by her presence on the field of battle, History of
Freedom Movement in India, Dr. Tara Chand, Page. 85)
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47
48
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( '.. no one has ever seen in a dream that the English forgave an offence
..' -Encyclopaedia of Women Biography Vo. II, Ed. by Nagendra.K.Singh, APH
Publishing Corporation, New Delhi, 2001, Page. 66)
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us. when our people want it..' - Encyclopaedia of Women Biography Vol. II,
Page.66)
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50
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51
52
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kOz P H# î J~OQ ^<x OkOK~.
53
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#O ^~Q xK# +O+n< J# P"# qOK_.
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Ò zk. (1857 ~[ OQ=O, =~~, #=Q ~u, ^~^,
2001, l. 88)
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54
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^ #j~ J=^
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= x H ^x O z# ^= =Q JrA<# Ja=i , =Y
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Peshwa and the War in Independence" J# QOÔ
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H~H= ~x HiOz << ~\xH ZO`Q< `__~.
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(J*` g~ Q^, QqO^ ~ O, ~` ` K ~}, #_b ,
1999, l. 3031)
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QA `_y, "i ~+O ~yeOz u~Q@ xH |Q# Q
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HQx=O_ *Q` f<~. ^ #OQ ~}~OQO Q_# ^j
x zH` O|OkOz# H~H# x~OK@O @ P" ^#
K~. } `yOz ~_`# g~ Q_ J<^Q }
q_=@O @ H`KOk# P" H`Q` `H ^` =OkOK~.
JrA< `~KQ `# = xH |Q` H#~ ~g^
H"` K [# L`~ O^ H$+ ~. O~ x HkHi ^ `,
xH z# JOHiOKx, `H XH", Y_O =~"# îOz

H"` #@O P" J"@. P" <`$Ò H"` Q`#
|*~ [ ~ fi x|_ P" ~HHO Z^~ K, ' <<
lO^^QO JrA< lO^^ JO@ k H\ x<^#
K P#O^x =HO K"~. D q+O 1857 E< 16# <#H KO^
J# =H `# _s ~\# =K~x |\ "_=Òk. P" H$+,
x~ "``~`, H~^H`, Quj PK##, << @
K`# q^`# Q=xOz << _ [OQ Mu KOk# =Y
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=# ZO`Q< OOK~x P<\ =Y "i <#H KO^ `#
^"A
~<_. (Encyclopaedia of Muslim Biography, Vol.I, Ed.
55
56
by Nagendra Kr. Singh, APH, 2001, page. 585)
^= Ò` OQ=O JO`"# `~"` D WO_ HOh

JkH~ u~Q@ # O<n, xHkH~, [ q^
OH~O Q q~K_~ . P =O POQ

kHi Col. William ` ~
K# H#~ u~Q@^~ *a` JrA< "^\ #O L<~.
P" =u~HOQ H#~ KOk# =Y "i *#H ^ HO
`, P" ^ xHkHi ^ LO@, << HO P"
= ^ xK~. P" x H ^` ` H O|O^<~.
u~Q@ `HO ZQ~Q< P" u~Q@ ^` H ~@#
#_K~x, POQ <#O q=iOK_. D "~ P" u~Q@
^` H xKO^x a\+ JkH~ qK~} =~ =
H O K~. (Encyclopaedia of Muslim Biography, Vol.I, page. 585)
D qK~} QOQ, QO JrA<# L#` xHkHi General
Havelock Z^@ [~ ~~. P" H$` QiOz q# P JkHi,
P" ~~ Y# K P~_. =Q^ #O_ P" |@ _Q <
P" JO^KO ^# K J"H_. P" ~}~OQO Jig~
OH~O Q
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H=} "_O> P~}h ~^K#x, P"# HqOz q_z@Q#x
q WK_. P u^## QO JrA< x~OÔQ x~HiOK~.
} O U=Òx P" =~# K q~# P JkHi , ' hHO
H"e? Jx tOK_. < ' a\+ # JOÒ K_#Ok ,('I want
to see the end of the British rule ', - ibid page. 586), Jx P" x~
OQ, K
@Q =^#qK~. J =^#O` PQOz# General Havelock
P"# He"eOkQ x PêK_.
P P^# q# JrA< z~#= zOk, `H QO_ Z^~Q
x|_~. a\+ x ` XHiQ QiOK~. P ` #O_
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a\+ =["^ U*O@ P" QiOz J" K" ~~. x*xH
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=^ =~O__ P" ` Ki` "Q z=_O` QO
JrA< L`= Ki` OKxH "_~Ok.
57
^ #j~ J=^
=`$^ q=H HO Lix H Kx
c QO
(18331857)
\# Q_ Q~"x H_<O^ Pà=## a_ ZO`\

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1857 P" P J=HO aOzOk. ~`=xx O`
c O\ g~ <s=}, g~ ` D WO_ HOh ,
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<#O P" LitH qkOzOk. ^= ÒÒQ= ^~
c O`+OQ Lix HiOK~.
58
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= Ki`@ J+OQ ^~#q~.
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q``=K QiOK|_~. P" ZC_ P K~OQ ^
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Jb~ =O x=i\ JK~ _H~ Ja^ qn< (l. 44)
D qÔQ L@OHOK~.
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59
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=O@ H`<~. q^ J ~`, J`K~ [~`<~...
O^=O ~# Ki< O. P`Q~=O`, ^~ |Ô Q O`
rqÒ yOKO> ^j # HO `$= =u~HOQ P^
K@O_. ^j #O sHO_...=`$Ô HO Q`# ~@O
Q= HO_. `$= HiOKHO_. PO W=HO_.
QO [~` =
^ #j~ J=^
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
~h ~} "#O\ xz }iOz# ^~
=O^~
(1857)
1857 <\ OQ=O =`qx a\+ #O_ q=H
K _xH =` JfÒQ [ ~ <~. P O`x
^j H# u~Q@ K# ^ z=i =~ `= }#
}OQ \ < "O@ #_K~. z=~ }# _ `$}OQ
qOz `lOK~. P qÔQ ~@ #_z J=~Ò Ok# =O
=` ~h ~} H~ h_ "#O\ xz `=` ~_# F
=u H^#O Òk. P" ~ =O^~.
~h ~} H;~ J=~Ò Ok# f~ QiOz ^#OQ ~O_
H^< L<~. P H^< XH\ ~} H~ a\+~ `H QO_
|O^#k. D q+x K=Ok Ki`H~ JOwHi<~. P H^#O
H~OQ ~h ~} H ~H JOQ~H W~=~ =` =Q
" P"# ZC_ "#O\ LO_"~. P Wî XH~ =O =u.
P" ~}` @ a\+ xHkH~ `H Q |~. J\
63
O@ WO_ O`xH Q=~~ [#~ uxkQ xqOK|_# ~|~

q< 1858 JH|~ 30# J\ ~` ` H~î Z_< XH Y
~_.
P Y ~} H;~ q^ `= kOz# q[x q=iOK_.
~} H~ U qÔQ =~}OzOk q=~OQ è_. P H^#O H~OQ,
~} "#O\ XH =O =u Q~O q^ J#iOKk. H~H ~~
OÒ ~}`@Q P" `H QO_ `y~. P" ~}`@Q
XHi <HiyO^x q=iOK_.
P q+ x EIGHTEEN FIFTY SEVEN QOÔ Dr. Surendra Nath Sen
POQkHi ~|~ q< q=~}# L@OHOK~. ( '.. The Rane was on
Horse back, and close to her was the female (a Mohomaden) who seems never
to have left her side on any occasion, these two were struck by bullets and fell
' (Page 295) D Y ZH_ _ P =u Z=~# q+ O qOK^
.
P H~}OQ P" J*` ^~Q qye~Ok. ~` Ò

1973 K iOz# Who's who of Indian Martyrs, Vol. 3 =Ò ~h
~}` @Q ~\ # P =O = QiOz# OH
q=~# _H~ .<. K D HOk qÔQ ~<~.
'..Fought by the side of Maharani Lakshmi Bai during the battles against
the British at Jhansi, Koonch, Kapi and Gwalior, Killed in the battle at Kotah-kisarai in Gwalior, where the Rani attained martyrdom. Her Body was also cremated in the garden of Baba Ganga Das at Gwalior on June 17, 1857 ' - Who's
who of Indian Martyrs, Vol.3, Govt. of India Publications, New Delhi, 1973,
Page.102.
P ^~e ~ =O^~ (MUNDAR) Jx _H~ K ~<~.

D q=~}#, Ki` QO^ =HO J=`# H^< J#~OKx
K P J*` ^~ ~ ' =O^~ Q qOK=K.
64
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
u~Q@^ H=O H~` JyH P`#
Js QO
a\+ xH =H# ÔQ Z^~# ^~e
QO ~=
(18291857)
^= Ò` OQ=O, =`$â=## u ~+_, u
`Q |e"kH# P#OÔQ Jk~OKQ x, P`~} ix
HQKOk. P g~Q}O HOî =HQ` iHe` =iHOî
L=_ ~\ #^# KOk. D "~ a\+ xH^ q^
q~K_ u~Q@^` H ~@# ZOK<~ QO ~ =.
P" L`~^ ~+Ox =[~~ l KOk# ~[`
@O|O 1829 [xOK~. ~[` ~` OìOK#
P" Ò` OQ=O a\+ xH =H q^ =~ OY~=O
iOK~. PÔ î Oz u~Q@ ^` He `=H# OiOK
H~H=O LÒQ <~.
D ~ Q_# P" a\+ x HkH~ |On J~. `=
Q\ L<, U=Ò `=OKx P ^~eH xHkH~ LitH
qkOK~. =`$Ô HO =~}OK@O JÒ` Q~=OQ qOz# QO
~= z# =<, \# Q_HO }# JiOK~. P `~"u
`~O q=H~ P" P^~OQ xeK~.
(Who is who Indian Martyrs, Dr. PN Chopra, Govt. of India Publications,
New Delhi.1973, Page. 118)
65
(18111857)
^= Ò` OQ=O =`$q @ `Qx |O^x OK#
u XH~ J~"# `Q` z~~}~. J@=O\
`Q^# u~Q@ ^ H = O H~O@ `## `# |e K #
`Qje N=u Js QO.
1811 A 5# L`~ ^ ~RO =[~ ~ l Js QO [xOK~.
P" @O|O ^= ÒÒQ=^ @O|O. 1857<\
~@O # Mr J| ~=< P" =~_.J| ~=<#
a\+ Ò LifOk. P u~Q@ P" _ ~HOQ <~.
P OQ=O # u XH~ `# a_#x qOz# P" u~Q@
g~ PO HeOK@O, P~ h JOkOK@O _~.
D q+O è# POQ xHkH~ P"# |OkOK~. P"
q^ ~[Ô =^"~. ^= ÒÒQ= ^ ~
K =x P"# "kO K~. JkH~` HiOK O> r=^ #O K=x
kiOK~. P kiO Ug _ P" @^# _eOKH~.
z=~
OH~ z` O < P" OQ^ , ^q q^ . JO^
PQ Oz# JkH~ P"# r=^ #O K~OK~. POQ
x HkH~
O`H K+# iOz# Js QO =`$q = z~#=`
|~.
(Freedom Movement and Indian Muslims, Santimoy Ray, PPH, New
Delhi,1993, Page.116 and Who is who Indian Martyrs, Dr. PN Chopra, Govt. of
India Publications, New Delhi.1973, Page. 118)
66
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
POQ <# ÔQ x=iOz#
H^#~OQ# `=# ZkiOz# ^~
QO [q
QO L"^
(1835 1857)
(1831 1857)
=`$qx ~~ #O_ q=HO K O` Q_# ^j
^= Ò` OQ=O POQ x` ~_` Qx, `$
# K_# Q_HOH Hey# ^ ~+ Ô O_

^= Ò` OQ= @# Z#<~. P qÔ Q u~Q@ ^ `
H H^#~OQ# POQ x# x=iOz# ^ XH~ QO
[q.
L`~^ ~+Ox =[~~ lx F Q=O QO [q
1935 [xOK~. P" Pà=<xH =~~# ~~
`=OKx ~ # @OxH KOk# =u. ~~ `< x U=Ò
OKx "~ÒQ P" POQ JkH~x JOwHiOK^. HOh
=`$qx H K@O iOKH~.
P =O 1857 <\ ^= ÒÒQ= #Q~ "yOk. P
#Q~` P"x ^~ ~}~OQxH ^=~. =`$q =
}# `$}OQ qOz# ZO`\ `QxH< ^ _ =O^ Q~.
^ j q^ ^_ [~ ` ` ~e=# a\+ ##
x=iOK_xH u~Q@^` He `$= H|_~.
P O^~OQ POQ < P"# J~ K~. a\+ xH
<#O qK~} Ò`# iK P" LitH# H\OzOk. \#
Q_# ~~ #O_ q=HO K@O }# JiOz QO
[q Ki`~~~.
x# x=iOK@O Qx, u~Q@ ^ H~

JOkOK@O Qx = `=^# ` x~OK~. P H~}OQ "Ò
q^ 255 =Ok =` LiHO|O ZH~. D "~ Who is who Indian
Martyrs, (Dr. PN Chopra,Govt. of India Publications, New Delhi.1973) QO
Ô
~# = ^ J`k =O = LO_@O q+O.
J@=O\ qt+ #O Ok# = QO L"^ XH~.
L`~^ ~+Ox =[~~ lx F Q=O QO L"^
1931 [xOK~.
=O> Uq\ Z~Qx *\ @OxH KOk# =u
P" . }# } OQ @ ~ < ^ j ## k O K H"#
Pà=#O` `=` `|_@O U=Ò "#H_x "~Ò P"k.
~~ `# O P" #K^ . ~~# ê ^j
## u+OKH"#k P" HiH.
P PHOH# kOK< J=HO 1957 aOKQ< ~~
`<xH K~=wÒ _#O@# ^ ~# QO L"^ K~~.
^j H# `$x# x=iOKO^ u~Q@ ^`
H a\+ <# Z^~<~.
P" ~@# Q`# O^~OQ POQ < J~ K~.
POQ
kH~ x H qK~} [i P" LitH qkOK~. P"`@Q
=~ 11=Ok =` PO^~OQ LitH J= K~. P ^HO_
=Ok`@ QO L"^ _ =`$q q=H ~@O }#
JiOK~.
(Who is who Indian Martyrs, Dr. PN Chopra, Govt. of India Publications,

New Delhi.1973, Page. 64)
67
68
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
P" J ~ è^. Ki` P"# Yn~OH nk (Yn~O JH)

Q <=H~}O KOk. P ~`< P" Ò`^= Ki` Q}uHH~.
P" =Y q=H~_ =b J| =^ K. J# `Q KQ P"
~@# #_z ~@ ^ JO_Ô _ JOkOK~.(Freedom Movement and Indian Muslims, Santimoy Ray, PPH, New Delhi,1993, Page. 34)
Jy QO J~OQ Oz#
Yn~OH nk
a\+ = xÒ #O_ ^x q=HO K, ~*x
OK< LÒ` L~H` =`~O P^ K\ qeOQ
a\+~ q^ q~K_`# JyQO ~Aq. q=H~ J}z"`
K\# J=H f~=@" HO_, q" ^=x Ô<#O
K_xH Jx ~H JkH~# kOz b JkH~# POQ
Ò LHeOk. q= H~ _ `<~x U =Ò J#=#O
=z<, L^= #u~# JH=OQ x~OkOz, f=OQ OOz
JOÒ K# #H "`=~}=k.
a\+ b ^+H# iOKH @O| q=H~# `=
a_ ` O|O^ =Ô@#
OH~ "`=~}O a\+ b
U=Ò _O_ q=^_ Yn~O JO_Q x=@" HO_
P# F =u PO HeOK~. P"# P# nk (JH) Jx
eK~. P H~}OQ P" Yn~OH nk P~.
69
"~Qx q=H~_ Yn~O# `=_Q qOz# P" J`xH

PqK~. POQkHi H#_ (Kennedy) ~# ` K~#k
Yn~O q^ P~}. a\+ =# `QqOK_x PQ O` ~ye`#
JkH~ Yn~O =K~O HO, [, q"^= #u~
q~K_, qÔO $+<~, zÒ <~. P i`
P" Yn~O# ~HOK#H=@O O.
P q+x b U=Ò Q\<, Yn~O`@Q P" _
^~} zÒ QiH=@"HH }# _ JiOKe =Kk.
J@=O\
#H "`=~}O _ P"
_ ^ . JH U=Ò
H+O#+O HeyOK@O W+OH HO`HO `~"` Yn~O P" =^ #O_
"o~. J `~"` J~~. P## K HO x~OÔ
LOzOk Ò. P =O _ * ## Yn~O H = =K~#
`H_xH P" ZO` `yO` uOK~x P ^~e x
Ki`H~_ =Y ~K~ ` Santimoy Ray, `# QOÔ Freedom Movement
and Indian Muslims (Page. 34) O
OK_.
z=~ =[~~ * Yn~O# 1908 PQ Lif~. LitH
qkOz# q+O `# P" P `~"` Z^~ i}=# M`~
KO_ b =~# q=iOK~. JÒ` H+HO q=H~
JO_Q xz, Hi `K# H+## z~#=` iOz# P ^~
~` Ò`^= Ki` Yn~OH nk Q z~~}"# Mux
~~<~.
70
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
AQO`~ q= Ô g~=x`
~l M`<
~` Ò` OQ=O *hHx Jx ~H `Q îOk.
JO=~O a\+ # `H QO_ |# Y^ Ud^`Q~#
(Q=`=), P^# K`\ a\+ bxH ^# `_Q\
"K ~}~OQO g~zÒQ ~_ }# |e\# q=H~#
*f^=O $l~OzOk.
a\+~ x` O #O_ q=H H~O@ y# D ~\ =~
U"< JO^ ~+`@ = _ #_OayOz =#O^
Q~. q=H ~@O U=Ò "# KH PÔ K\ a\+~
"# Ke \OK~. D "~ a\+ `x " K _Q\#
P__K ~l M`< XH~.
~` Ò` OQ= Ki` @ JyQO Q =|_# ^
~@ HO AQO`~, J#j# qu, P`#u Ô, Q^~ q= Ô,
O^< iaH J+< `k`~ q= ^x q=g~ J~
^~ `, J=# `Q` JyQx ~yeOK~. J@=O\ q=
71
^ #j~ J=^
g~ ~# xez# ==} ~l M`<.

P" =Y q=^_ =b #j~n< J=^ =~. z#<\
#O_ P" JOiOz# ^ H =# a\+ =u~H`# f=`~O K~.
^x q^j x` O #O_ q=HO K x P" OHeOK~.
Ò_` @ P" _ AQO`~ q= Ô Ò HiOK~. AQO`~
q=^ yOz# ^~\xH ^ ~eQ ~l M`<
HjH `_@#OkOK~.
=`$^ q=HHO `= }# `$}OQ qOz z~#=`
|e@_xH ^"#, =n< J=^ (<@H#), =b QAn<
J=^, J| M^~ ([=~) `k`~` H ~l M`< q=
H~H=# x~OK~. a\+ H=~ AQO`~ ^ # iQ
=@\x XH"# f=OQ H$+ K, ^_, ^+H _`#
#H =O _ P" =~O =O_ q=@# #_K~.
P<\
OH~ i` _ q" ^=O =#O^ QO^
~l M`< U=Ò
_ ^ . a\+ Q_K ~, b Hê H#,
W`~ =K~x ~OQ q=H~ K~"@O, Ôx
PO HeOK@O, P~O, PiH, P^ H~ JO^K@O
O\ ## KHKHOQ x~Oz AQO`~ q= Ô Ki` `H
#O O^~.
=Y Ki`H~_ Santimoy Ray `# QOÔ Freedom Movement
and Indian Muslims, PPH, New Delhi,1993, Page. 44 P ~@ ^ ~
~l M`< QiOz `HOQ qOK~.
=`$Ô HO =~}O K@O _ JC_C _ J=~O ... J~` =~}O

K@O HO> H^# HO rqOK@O K J=~O.
Pk < QO
72
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
[e< " Q <~e# n~=`
' +^ L=~ cc
(18641919)
=`$qx q=H KO^ }# }OQ \ ~~

q^ q[$aOz# \ ~+`@ _ ` Q=O
=OK~. D "~ y# JO` ~\ x a\+ b
O }# JiOz# J=~r= *a` L=~ cc J~^# #O
OkOK<~.
~xH `Q_, ^~ \x Q MuQOz# O* ~+O
x J=$`~ l, ^ (DULLA) Q=O L=~ cc 1864 [xOK~.
x |`# OKx ~`@O|O \# P" Ò` "#
J=~<~. P" W=#n<` q"O [iyOk.(Freedom Movement
and Indian Muslims, Santimoy Ray, PPH, New Delhi, 1983, Page.97)
=`$q @ J~ Q~"a=< Q = L=~ cc. *f

L^= q# Z\HC_ Ò@ J#O P#OÔ,
u JO @ ^# =HO K =K~. ^j q^ q~K
73
^ #j~ J=^
_ `# a\+ b ^+H # [e` <`` Q=x P"^# KO^~.

=`$ qx x |O^< #O_ q=HO K _xH ~f y#
~\# J}z"O^ a\+ J#i# ~q^<
=OQ Ô JH iu <Hx# `~ }O P" rq` K~ _
H#=~. ~# H~# P" O~O X_^_ Q~~Ok.
PiH H+# H_e #O y< _ L=~ cc
*f^= H~H= @ `## ` H PHx H^ . P<_ O*
~+O [~Q`# i}=# Ò@ L^=H~ L`xH
P#Ok, L^=H~# `# a_Q q ` Pj~kOK~.
*f^= H~H= QOQ =Y < [~HQ~.
P <, q=^ OQ# ^Q q<"~. P ="
#O_ Q=xH uiy =z P H~H= q# Q=
PH^HOQ q=iOK@O J"@.
^= OK Ô ~f JO_Ô_, =^` OkO
K@O HO a\+ Ò ` KO k. ^ =O O*|
#O_ J`k# ~` #O K~Ok. D "~ J@ [ W@
~f x q# WzOk. OK Ô `~"` `#
H\Oz# q#, He## J=H# Ò ÒQ `HOk.
Ò `# q# K# "Q<# x@H"eOkQ [ _=O_
K~. [ _=O_# Ò \OKHHQ J<\ q#
qOz# [ q^ q~K_Ok. D ~H"# #=H Ô H~}OQ
U~_# u "`=~}O @ Jx =~ JO`$ J=
Ok. P JO`$ H ~^\ PQ ~êOk. P H~}OQ
O*| q= H~H TO^<~.
D "`=~}O 1918 PQ J=$`~ _H~ n< HK,
P# ~ ^` < HK <`$Ò =O [#=^ x~#
[iyOk. D =H a\+ Ò J#i# *=u~H K~
74
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
=` QOnx PxOK~. P# ~# x~kOKO^ Ò QOnrx

J~ KOk. P J~ O* [ f=OQ OkOK~. P =O
JÒ` ~_Q ~Oz# [#~ _~ <`$Ò Q`# b
~*x O*| < _H~ n< HK, _H~ ` f=OQ
q=iOK~. P q=~ PQOz# Ò P <`# 1919 U
10# J~K "xH OOk.
J=$`~x [e< " Q

1919 U 13, `k# [iy# ^~} =~} HO_ zÒ
q^ q~K_~ . D "`=~}O H=OQ O*| ^\ ^" O HyOk.

[ #O_ =H=`# PO^#, PQx J}z"` L^q# ^
q=H~# x~kOKO^, ^"OQ =H=`# x~# * "x
J_ <O^ POQ Ò 1919 =i
OH~ ~` K\x `zOk.
D K@O ^~ JkH~ qkH~ HeOzOk. ~ #
H~_xH, qK~} O_ Z=i<< x~OkOK_xH J=~xH qOz#
J^~} JkH~ b aOK~. D K@O HO^ J#=x`
Z=i<< , ZH_< b, < kH~ J~ K =K. P qÔ Q J~
J~# "~=iH ~ aOK^ . =H# xqOK< J=HO LO_^ .
`# "^# qxOK< J=HO W=~. P H~}OQ ~` K@O QiOz
QOnl "Mx, < J< =H< ^ (No appeal; no vakeel; no
dalaal ) Jx J<~.
D *=u~H K\xH x~#Q `Q^=xH QOnr
WK~. D L^=xH <OkQ _b è `Q [iyOk. P `~ "`
O*| x~OKO^ _H~ n< HK `k`~ < <`$ Ò
75
D K~` O*| [#O =iO` ~z~. `= <#

q_z@=O@ T~yO [i~. P O^~ O Q [iy# H #Q~
=~}O K~, =~ Q_~ . P O @#` =iO` ~ z~# [
<+# Ox W~=~ POQ JkH~# `=~~, QO^~QO
$+OK~. ` H~H# OaOK~.
J O@# `~"` *f HOQ < U 13#
J=$`~x [e<" Q x~# # x~OKx x~~OK~.
P ~A# "d ~k#O. P O^~OQ [~Q`# <O^
i~ Q= #O_ [ s OY [e<" Q `~e =K~.
D =K~O `# [#~ _~ @iÒQ ==iOK_.
H~H= x+k L`~ *s K_. P L`~# [ M`~
K^. [e<" Q P ~A# [#"O` xO_~Ok. P
<O^ L=~ cc _ J=$`~ K~<~.
[ s OY eH qK~. D O^# [#~ _~
=O__ _ . xC`H# Hu zO^_. ^ |Q# "O@@ x
e x K@=\_ . =O^Q Z@=O\ KiH K O_< a
q^ H [iOK_. e K@ s Q_ LO_@O, eH
~HH XH" =`" L# W~H# "=~xH J_OQ `# ^
|Q# "iOz H [iOz# _~ H~`H`xH ÔY
[ <HiQ~. D Ô@# ` iH~ H~OQ 378 =Ok
=~}O KQ JO^ 55 =Ok =O L<~. D OY iH^x J=~#
76
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
QOnrH =* QA JOkOz# q`~}je
=h~ =A M
Ò`^=O JqOÒQ O@ L^=H~_# ~ Jx
J=~ g~ ~k~ ^~ Q~Q xz# [e<" Q Q_.

"~ =~ 1500 =~ LO\~x, =_ " Q Q_# "~
L<~x P<\ =HQ`, OQ` x"kH ~<~.
~` Ò` =~[ Ki` ~HH~ ` edOK|_# [e<"
Q ^~~O _~ x =H `H QO_ L=~ cc |~.
P<\ 55 =Ok =O ^ XH XH =Q 55 O=`~ L=~
cc `H #O O^~.
D "~ `# ~k~ ^~` [e<" Q =\x hÒ K_O
=`" HO_ `= g~z` ~\`, } `Q` O*c xiOz#
J^` Ò`^= Ki` L=~ cc `H #O O^~.
(Contribution of Muslims to the Indian Freedom Movement, Khaliq Ahamed
Nizami, Idarah-i-adabiyat-i- Delli,1999, Page. 36)
< ~# OO =$`=# HiOKx=O_...*u [<,

P`Q~"a=< i~H} q+O =HQ` rq` JO` =YO
H=..=`$^ q=H ~@O ^#=# }# |e\e LO@Ok.
..JO^ Z=~ zOuOKe# J=~O ^ iH^, =#=O` =iO`Q
Q~_e.
QO ==^ PO.
77
q^ Hi, L^= J=~ J#Q}OQ =# =

*f ^ = K i ` =# ZO^ ~ H x ~ . P H= K O k#
==` =h~ QO =Y.
=h~ QO Q[~` KOk# `c @Oc~. P" =Y
Ò` =~ ^ [< |^n< ` c "#H_. *f^=H~
@O|O #O_ =z# P" 1917 M` *f^=H~_ \
[qOî =O_# =b =A M# q"=_~. q"#O`~O
P" ~`@Q *f^=O Qq J~. O^=O
SH` HO H$+ ~.
P" O# @OxH KOk# ~O^# L^=H~ HO
`QO K# q`~}je. x~_O|~OQ rqÒ y =z# P" QOnl
J_y#O`< JÒ` q=K =* ky# `# |OQ~ QA# ^#OQ
WK P## P~KHè K~.
P" `Qx~ux q=i, 1920 _O|~ 4= `k# QOnl `# q`_
JH~ ^~kH ~# Y, *f^=O P" `# q=i,
P" ^`$`x =i ZO`Q< Hx_~.(Collected works of Mahathma
Gandhi , Volume XIX 1920-1921, Page.70)
P" ~ =A H ~ Oê =ê H ~ rq`x HiOz, O^

=O SH` HO xK~. P =~O =h~ QO ~ Jx q^
HiOK~. P" rqÒÒ P kQ H$+ K~.
78
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
Ò JH$` q^ *~ JbM< JH~ Q# iOK~. a\+ =u~H

uH [qO^~ QO` <H_xH q^ uOz# Ò z=~
[qO^~ uH#, P uH O^ =b *~ Jbx `=Q
iQ}O zOk.
*f^=H~# L`~` L`[~z#
QO *~ Jb M<
*f^= Ki` @# H FQ ì Ò`^=O ~ `
@Q `Q ^_, =`$q q=HH ~@# ZOK#
` ZO^~ =#e Hi~ . ~ J_Q*_ #_, rq` QqH
O~ `_@ JO^K
@O XH=O`` , a\+ = ~
x~# H~H= JO`~O U~_# =O, `=<=x ~OQO
q^ =z ~ ^` ~x HiOz =~=OÒQ =`"H^
i^ HOQ x~OKQ Q@O Q q+ O. P H= KOk# *u =
~` XH~ QO *~ JbM<.
=Y Ò`=~ ^ =b *~ JbM< f=} QO *~
JbM<. ~ *~ JbM< ~` P" k K O ^~. 1904 *~ JbM<
Ò_ =h ~An< ~OaOz# L~ uH [qO^~ O^H`x
1909 K\ , a\+ =u~HOQ ^xx |"# JO Q fik^~ .
a\+ = ^+H #, ^_ q^<# q=i [qO^~ uH
^~ [ a\+ =u~H`# K |"# K~OQqOK~. a\+
79
P H~}OQ *~ JbM< ~ * "= =zOk. P#

#Q~ |+~} Q~~. s ^| ~zK~. a\+ JkH~
ZO` ~OQ ==iOz<, =b =Ò `xH `=OK^. =~O
=~H^. [qO^~ uH# *f^=xH }OQ fik^~.
[ ~@ ix ~yeOK~. P<\ uH [qO^~ uH L`= }
L~ uHQ MuQOzOk. P H$+ eÒQ *f^= Ki` =b
*~ JbM< `H#O aOzOk.
POQ Ò P# @ H#H =OzOk. P# =u~HOQ
b JkH~ $+# #H i`# JkQq =b *~
JbM< =#O^ Q~. QO *~ JbM< _ P @ #_K~.
[ HO =Oz# HOg~_ *~ JbM< rq` Qq Q P"
J`=~ i` `H ` x~Oz Ki` $+OK~.
a\+ Ò =b *~ JbM<# 1920 J~ KO k. P##
J+k QO^# O K _xH J` P~}` H_ OnQ H # #"^ KO k.
D "`=~}x Q=xOz# [, L^=H~ =^ KO^~. =b *~
Jb M< QiOz, [qO^~ uH q+`QiOz PO^# =HO HyOk.
P =O <#<..<#< #O@ QO *~ JbM< ~OQO q^
=K~. [qO^~ uH K~} ^`# P" HiOK~.
~`=x #K~ Q L"`# ZQ _ `# d` x~H~}
L^=H~#, [#, [qO^~ ~ # L`[ ~ `, P" XH H@ #
q_^ K~. P H@# ZO` Ki`H ^#`# OìOKOk. P
H@# [ *f "# [iK, Z@=O\ `QH< "ix
80
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
^_@Q H~#Y# K, d` L^=Ki` ZO` ^#`

OìOKOk.
D H@#, < ~ =@, ~` ^~ Z@=O\ J~Ô K^...
P# H~H= QiOz, P# HO QiOz, P H ^< =~O
QiOz <HO> Q Ziy# "~O_~.. <~O Kx"~ x~+`x
x~OKH"e# J=~O ^.... P# <<H WK#. a\+
<#O Z@=O\ tH<< qkOKx=O_, Jk * tH, |+~}, rq`
M^ , nO`~" O, z=~ LitH J~< Hx=O_, ` =OKe# J=~O
^<#... Q=O`x =~#, ==^ =H K# @ ZO`\
`QxH< Ô H"e. sHHO K Hi#OQ LO@Ok. Q=O`_
H~ }` Jx J=~^ èy `~...~`^ O ^~ ^s=}O`
d`x~H~} L^=O HO L^qOz, Ò J#i#
J}z"` q^<# =u~HOKe..d` L^=O u XHi #O_ J`#`
~ J~}# PtOk. D ^~~@O u =O ^#=# }
JiOKO^ ~^ ÔQ LO_e# =qk. JO` H ~O_.
Q = O`x J#Q O` d` # H_OÔ, JO@ P" xK~.
D # 1920 O|~ 24<\ [qO^~ uH KiOzOk.
QO *~ JbM< =HOK# ^H =#, a\+ Ò @
"_Oz# Ja, a\+ <#O Z^@ `=OK=^x, J=~"`
*u[# H ^# HO }`QxH _ ^_=x ~# H~@O
^~ *f^=Od` ~\ @ P"# ^$_"# JaO
[# L`l è KO k. D H@ #x "H d` H~H~ , <`
}^" < ~.
~^ K@# @O| r=#O yOK = `Q= *f
=# D qÔ Q +O H=@O [# P~KH` e KO k. P"
d` L^=xH H` |x =i \O k. P" `Qx~u, ^$_x O,
d` L^=O @ P" =HOK# x|^`# Q=xOz# d` <
d` Hq\ P" `H #O HeOz Q~qOK~.

P `~"` 1920 JH|~15# QO *~ JbM< =~H H@#
*s K~. D H@ # ^~ P" xa_H$ `" # ^~ K +O Q
|~` = ~. [qO^~ K i`" # P H@
#, [
=u~HOQ J<, JH= _` xO` ==iO>,
[#=^h UH" xO`$` q^ q~K_e...q<# =~O
#O_ =Oz =~O " H=~ =O`=~ L^= L^$ÒQ
Qe. JOu=OQ [ q[O k~. ..=# =`$q q+`
^$, =# Q~"x H_O^ D Q_qk u O^=O D<_
[O [O He ~_e# ^` LOk. x~H~} ^~
^+ # x#K e. D Ô x u XH~ x~H~}
K\#@~`, D Ô =, d` = i~"`~...^j
L^= e `# Q=xOKO_. =#=O` q^j == |+~}# L^=OQ
H#y è`# O^QO...D ~A #Oz <# q^j ==#,
|@# `l<#. < }O ~< q^j` < ^x =@Hx=#.
~` Ô `~# |@#, ==# =`" "_`#x =}O
K<#., Jx P" ~<~.
D "~ P" K# P =}xH QO rq`~OÒ H@|_ L<~.
=b *~ JbM< "O@ P" x~O`~O h_ LO@ Ò`^=O
QO *~ JbM< `#^# Q=x JOkOz H$`~~.
81
82
q O\ = ~HO K|_~Ok. q ~+O Kz~O^?

q ~HO fH~ *` "_Ò^? ^? =# "Ku h `Q
H =# `#O K~<~. ^xx =#O =#OQ i<O.
=# g~Ò, ~ ~H= U"~?
QO JrA<
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
[ Ò`K# ~yeOz# H=~u
*^ M`< +~x
(18941922)
=`$^x ~^j # #O_ q=HO HqOKO^
Ò`K` ~ye`# Jx ~OQ KOk# [ q=H~@O
`=^# =~ Q~. D H$+ H=, HH~ Jkf `
=OK~. a\+~ ^+ # q^ ^ ["u# HO ^ , ^~~ ##
ZO_Q_, JO^ =u~HOQ ~_e# J=~x q=i [#
K` # =Oè K , L^=H~# L`~ JH~ ^# $+O K~.
D kQ y# H$+ QO OK# H=H=~` *^ M`<
+~x XH~.
L`~ ^ ~+O x Jb ~ q Q="# aH O~ *^
M`< +~x 1894 _O|~ 8# [xOK~. P" Ò_ #" ==^
=*q M< +~x. O#_ =`" HO_ q^"` _ J~#
P# Jb ~ qqÔ uQ ^ ` x~OK~. z# `#O<
èx H~# *^ M`<# Jh `< OK~. *^ K^= @
83
^ #j~ J=^
P# JkH ^ K~. =~ L^# xqOz W@

O^H q^ J@ P^xH POQ q^ P" "O HeOK~.
=Oz Q~= K= =# L`= *<x OìOK# P" `#
^y L# H=~ux z# =< [ Z^@ HìO K~. O`
Ja# x~OQ, ÒQ `# Hq` ^~ =HO K@O
P~OaOK~. < Hq` " =` OKO H<~O_ K_e. P
~ H=~` H= < Hq` #O Qe. ## qOz# H=~u
=~H~ LO_~^, Jx k O=`~ = *^ M`<
H\OK~. P PHOH "~ yOz# H$+ =OQ P<\ H=~`
=Y #O OkOK<~.
=*x K^=@O, i}=jx J^#O K@O ^~
=Hb# i`x\ q^ +"# Ja# U~~Hx, P<\
J=~ f~ `# a#OQ =~ HO *^ M`< #_OH\~.
k O=`~ = k ^ =~e iH `# `# Hq`
u e O K ~ . P" H = OQ Z^ Q ` , = [Ox < ` #
O^ =u~HOQ JH~# PÔQ =Kx L^qOK~.
=lH ~Q` x~#, =lH O~} #<~. K
^#`# WK~. ~+`@Q _ KQ `= H
"~ ^`# x~, ^# HO L^qOK<~.
P<_ ~f = i`# *^ M`< `# Hq`
ueO K~. ~f = QiOz ~^=x < HiH. < =#O`
PO^#. ê ZH_ #O_ `#? < D ^~ `xH Qi KO^
"## PO^< ZC_. < =@ ~~ ^Q Jx O >, K <?
=^? J# OkQO ..?, JO@ ~_xH ^ ^~H# O`Q = ^~
LO^x P" P"^# =HOK~. x[O H@O <~OQ =iO^x, `#
~f~e H=@O, =O H=@O, x[O H@O ^~ =iO` <~ ~ e
J#x P"^## =HOK, <~ u~x <#. < <~e Z#x
84
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
=iOK#. =O#, ~f~e, x[O eH^x, J<~. D kQ P"

~# J<H Hq` P<\ =Y L~ uH Ki`=~.
*^ M`< q^ JÒ` ^#` xK~. JH~
*#O# H"x HQ<~. P H# H~O KO^ q^#
ÒK~. We K^= WO\H "Q Jx qOK~. L`= =[O
q^=O`# ` ^~ ~kÔ@O^x ^$_OQ #=~.
q^=O` H=@" HO_ ~+`@Q _ ~[H i*#O
Hey LO_x PHOHO K~. = ~[H ~OQO _ ~}OK<~.
JH~ * #O, ~[H K` #O Q = =`$ q HO `Q# K Q
<#, *u[# L`= =OkOKQ ~# ~OkOKQ~x
H\OK~. =# ~[H ^~OQ LOz# *u, =[O
"#H@`<xH Q~=Ò^x P" KiOK~.
D q+x =iO` q~OQ K|`, Q = Ò^~ F
`H =#Ò Hey# =x =# Ki` `Òk. q*` `
^~ =O`, O~ J= PK<~ , =` ` =hQ
=# ^~ #q~ . =HQ ` O Q XH ~+_ <u H` ^~ ~k^H =_"
H + @_" [~QÒk. F *u <uH q=, =lH B#Ò P
*uH KOk# ` =#H u` q^ P^~_=O\~. ~[H
B#`x Q` f<=x KC < *`# =#O ije P *`x
= ~[HOQ ZO` iH` Hey LO_", " =`$q
@ = ZO` Oy ~^ =# J~=Òk. ~+ JÒ è
~O#, * OH=xH KOk# uY ^`Q ~x ~O
*uH, ^xH Q=O`_ kOz# L`= =~O ~A=~Ok, Jx
*^ M`< +~x J<~. (Bharath Ke Swatantra Samgram me Mus-
=HO K@O` P" T~H^. D uH Q H~}# _ P" K

q=~OQ q+OK~. D ûH HO^~ =O =` ^ H~}=x P"
PQOK~. D q+O QiOz ~, =O =` ^ `C "H>. `=
# K^= O^x "Q =OK~. O> KkqOz< ~[H
H~H= iQ ^~OQ =OK~. *u ` ~[H i*#O
#O^# *u [# _ ~[H @ ~# J=Q# P~O
O_ ~Ok. JO^K` J==#H~"#, ^h"# P~O` H_
xOx L#@~` q P K+ =yO eH q+` QiOz *Q`
=OKO_. q K~ =# Hey# #x s KH_xH =~O "H>.
Jk q # q^=Oè K _O. q*<~# ^~ ~ # ~[H ^$HÔ ,
=Oz J=Q# "i HQK_O. P P=H# "iH HeOK@O.' Jx
*^ M`< +~x WK~.(Ibid, Page.182)
P<\ =lH i` F b# @O|O #O_ qK# =
HqÒ K@O =`" HO_ q^ HO, ~[H~OQO "O
HO ~_@O, P ~OQ = "#H@`<xH =O ^#
^ e K @O, P ^ K~ # `C @_ O , P `C # k^H "eOkQ
^ W=@O x[OQ O.
D "~ `# #q# q+ x +O Q#, ^~ OQ# H\ O K@O
P" U<_ "#H_^. =O = î# ~ q^#O ~#k
HÔ@, _H~ JO@<~ |O^< #O_ |@ _O_ Qex
"t Ox=O_x. Oz` = JO@<~. q~ =^ K=x=O_x,
Jx F Hq` J<~. *^ M`< ~ ûH iQ =u~HO H<
J<~Q `"# su ~# îOK_x =Ò =u~HOK~.(Ibid,
lim Mahilavonka Yogdan : Page.182)
q^~OQO =O = ~ J^=OQ L# q+O q^

P"^# =HO K# *^ M`< ZO` ^_~. P u @ ^#
qÔ @ JkH == K# P" *<~# qÔ

=`" =~= x qOz#O^# JO^ =u~HO` U=Ò UHq OK
^. x~H~} L^=O QOQ ` QO@` #_#
85
86
Page.180)
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
q^# q_z q^~ |@ ~"x =` QOn

xz#C_ P x~O P" #K^. qÔ Ke# q^~
q^ |+i "i K^= Z QÒ^x P" tOK~. D
q+ O QiOz =\_ `, x~H~} ^=O PK~} x Hx JOe
<# =u~H<#. L^=O QOQ K^= =<_O <H+O ^,
Jx @OQ H |+~} P" =u~H` =HO K~.
z`k H~"# ~i` ~[H, P =~# #_K ~[H
< K~ @ _ P" PQ O =HO K~. =# ~[H <
[<x `= Q\ LOK< =OÒQ, ~ u+e O^ z\Q, "O_
|OQ~x =i @Q T@q qOz ~[He Hi<~.
P H~}OQ q=#"o $^ #O_ =# #O kQ*iÒk, JO@
~ ~ # ~[H < ==~ ~o q^ P" JH~ Ô ` q~K
_~. P<_ P" OkOz# q=~< D<\ ~[H _
=iOK@O P"x ^~xH` JÔ _Òk.
K, Ò` HO Q`# *f^ =O = JkH
OY <x P" H~~. L^qOK=x =# OQ H~~.
[ Ò` r=# J=H# HeOKO^ Ò`=~O HH@ Q
<x *^ M`< L^kOK~. =` JfÒQ uXH~
L=_Q =O^ Qx zOK~. O^=O SH` JÒ`
J=O J<~. P [#=^ =^ # J~ # ^~O K ^=#,
^=Q# U~KO^ *^ M`< x~O`~O qOK~.
~` Ò` OQ=O QOQ [iy# u L^=O,O@#
q^ *^ M`< +~x Hq` ~~. Ja# =HO K~.
< Ô, ^= OK Ô, [e<" Q, H#~ =^
H `k`~ Ô@# q^ P" `#"# Hq`` uOkOK~. D
"~ `= Hq`` a\+ ` K~ q^ q=~< OkOz#
H=~uQ [ =# =`" HO_ Ò`^=O ` Ki`
P" `H #O OkOK<~.
[ q^ a\+ Ò yOz# u AO q^ P" `#
Hq`` ^_ K~. ` K~# x~OQ x~OK~. `
K~ q^ q=~ K# H= ~# Hq`#, P ~K## Ki#
uH q^ Ò ^_ K# C_, P uH, uH O^
P" JO_Q xeK~. *f "# K~O K# uH =#Q_
HO J=~= Q PiH` # JOkOK_xH ZO` qOK~. ` PQ xH
Q~# uH P# JkH~ [ K, uH O^# g^
_#C_ "iH `y# qÔQ OQ ,H~ JOkOz
uH K @ `## Q~"x =HO K~.
H=~uQ, O~}"kQ *^ M`< =Y Hq O_`,
~ Pj` @Q, [ J~ =a=<# JO^<~.
~ u+ HO P" Z#_ _^. P" Z#_ `# ~#
H\OK^. *^ , #[` J# HO ~` P" HqÒ yOk.
87
88
(Encyclopadia of Women Biography, Ed. by Nagendra.K.Singh, APHPC,New

Delhi, 2001,Page.484)
= K,Ò` HO =`" HO_

= ^+# #O_ [ q=Hx PHOHOz# =Y H=~uQ
Ò`^= Ki` ` H #O U~~<~. =Y *f^=H~
O^HÒ #_#, [qO^~, J , H"_ O\ uH`
@Q P<\ W`~ =Y uH P" HqÒ K@ KOk.
K, Ò`K, Quj ", O~} HO y#
~@O, KO^ " q^ H\Oz# Ô, ~ ~[H q^
P" OkOz# q=~< f=`# Q=xOz# =Y L~ Hq JH~
Jk P" Hq` Q^#O QiOz =\_`, XH " D Hq`# F
= ~z#@~`, WH HqÒ q^ ~+ `= PkÒ
=^H"eO^, Jx "MxOK@O ^~eQ, L`= H=~uQ P"
~x, <x "_ KOk. P" ~# Hq` Hx Aina-i-Haram,
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
Firdus-i-Takhiyyul
~` OH<Q P" =~}O`~O K i`=~.
^ #j~ J=^
q^j = |+~} L^=Hi}
(Who's who of Indian Writers, Sahithya Akademi, New Delhi, 1961)
*^ M`< H=~uQ Hq`` L^=H~# L`[~@O,

=~^~HO K@O =`" HO_ OQ L^= H~H= _
<~. OQ q[#, ^j PO^#, x~H~} L^=
Q=x JOkOK~. ^j L^=O K~H # ` x~OK~. Y^~
îOK=x W`~# H~@O =`" HO_, [# =u~H`# M`~
KO_ `# OQ Y^~# ZO`Q< W+_~. D q+" P"
=\_`, ^j L^=O JO> < KKO` =. W" H^. è<\
#Oz _. WH ` O@# = q^j == @ iOKx =u~H`
U~_Ok. JO \Ok. WH =O^ Z#_ q^j =x H#~^x
x~~OK<#, Jx H\OK~.
D "~ `# Jax =HO K@O =`" HO_ Y^~
^~} xqÒ `# `#Q P" Y^~ =# H#Q K~. P ^ #
rqÒÒ î OKx ZO` =K@_~ . ^~^$ +O Uq@O> P" OQ
H#Q K# Y^~ = P" îOKH~. P Y^~ ^ P"
=$`^ x =`" JOHiOK~. Y^~ = î OK# x~
O f#
11 ~A ==k 1922 |=i 4# PHHOQ `# 29 O=`~
= Jq"`Q P" H#=~.
P =O P" H#Q K# Y^~ =# P" ^~_
^=^ J=^ M< P" uHO q^ ~z P" Ja=`x PqÔQ
Q~q *^ M`< +~x H~# <~"~~.
~`^ H, _ a\+~ x` OH |OnQ

LO_ ~^#k < Ja=Ò.
Pk < QO
89
W` P~ QO
=`$ q q=H ~@O @ x|^` , H~K~} x*~u Q <`
K~ P<_ [# Q qÒ K~. P =O _ [ `=
~O `QO K_xH, L^=@ #_KO^ U =Ò "#H_^. P
qÔQ L^=H~# L`l`# K L^qOz# =` XH~
W` P~ QO.
P" =Y *f^= <, Hx ^ "^ HO
J| "#H_. d` L^=O O^~OQ Jb ^~ q~ HO
H =K~. d` L^=O HO q~ JOkK=x P <` H~Q
[ Q OkOK~. JH_H_ = `= =O\ q^# P~}#
"iH JO^K~. P ^$O HO J|# HêOz "Ok.
P# a~a~ WO\H =K~. W` P~# ez q+O K~. P
q=~ `# P" `= WO\x =Oî ="i d`
x~H~} L^= H~K~} `= WO\ #O_ P~OaOK<~. Jb
^~ è ca J=` H, =`$^ = hÒ H=e# J=~x
L`[iÒQ q=iOK~.
P O QO` L`l `# W` J~ @Oc ~ O `QO K _xH
=O^ =K~. P" =O^Q `# O_<\ Ys^# P~}xO\x
`z Q@Q cc J= q~OQ JO^*~. P `~"` \O\ "~
~Q O# Ju Ys^# q^j =x\x `z Q OQ `Q \~ .
P"# @OcO` J#iOK~. "i` W~Q~Q [` H=@O`
P WO@ q^j = ^#O [iyOk. P K~` q^j= |+~}
L^=Hi}Q W` P~ QO H JOîH P^~OQ xeK~.
90
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
Q~@QQ@O`, `# =ik =~x ^~ ~OQ L~ Hx

H^# Kkq qxOKx, L~ JH~# Q~_` L~ +`@
i < +# _ <~ <~.D +# K^= @O ` ~@O P"
^~H ~<, $[#je J~# P" H^ @O =Oz <~ # kOK~.
( ' She had learned Quran as a child and thus knew the Arabic script in a rudimentary fashion. She taught herself to read Urdu by asking a nephew to read to her
from a book of stories, committing it to memory, and reading them it herself,
partly from memory and partly by sounding out the letters--since the script for
Persian and Urdu is only slightly different from that of Arabic, She could read,
therefore, and in addition was a great story teller, but never learned to write '. Secluded Scholars, Gail Minault, OUP, New Delhi, 1999, Page. 26)
*f^=H~K ' J= Q eOK#
Pk < QO
(18521924)
*f^=O ~+`@ = _ Jkf"#
Q=x JOkOK~. a\+ ` ^+H =u~HOQ ~@
y# = L^=H~ L`*x HeyOK@" HO_, x~OQ
=O^ Q=x ÒK~. P<\ è`~O = j=u Pk
< QO JQQ}~. P" ZO` LÒ` L^= H~H=
H jH ` =OK@O =# P" #O_ ~} Ok# *f^=H~
ZO` =` cc J= Jx P"# K<~.
Pk < QO L`~ ^ ~+O "~^^ l J" Q=O
1852 [xOK~. P" ~O~ O<xH KOk# J| Jb M<`
q"O [iyOk. J`"iO@ P" L~ <~<~. L~, i< +
e XH> H=@O, P e J~c + ^Q~Q LO_@O` z#<@<
Y~< QO^x iOK@O =# e# QiOK@O P" "Ok. =Oz
^ ~ } H Q P" L~ , i < + e # < O Q
91
Pk < 27 O=`~ = ~# H~. P<\H P"

S^Q~ =Q , F P_ è. #i"O K H"eOkQ |O^ q`
WK~. P # HÔ@ a_# [Q fikÔ^
`#`# JOHÒ K<~. P" `# ~# ZH_ qOKe =z<
Jk < J| Jb QO Jx ~ ~` He ~@O ~ @ P"
Q =#~Q zO. P H~}OQ #i"O QiOz `# =^ =~=~
qOK~^x |O^=# "iOK~. a_ q+` q^ ^$+ iOz,
"ix ^Q, îH xQi+Q, Mu QOz# "^=Q
~OkOK@O H$`H$`~.
P<\ =O =[Ox =lHîH |O^< a#OQ =~`#
H#Q}OQ a_ =Oz K^= KOKx P" x~~OK~.
~ Q` ` # Hx |\ =~#@~` |` ~@O "#H|_ `=#
=#` `# a_ O^îH q^`@Q P^xH POQ q^
Qi~. P<\ ^ Jb~ qÔ K^= KOK~. Ô
qÔ `~"` L#` q^HO a_# WOQO_ O~. D qÔQ
P" L#` q^HO a_# q^ O# ~O~ #Q~Ox è
=~. ~` *f^= Ki` Jb ^~ Q Mu KOk#
=< H` Jb, =< ==^ Jb P" a_.
92
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
('..She sent her son first to Bareilly and then to Aligarh for studies, even though
orthodox Muslims were deadly against English education in those days. She
was perhaps, the first Muslim woman in the town who sent her boy for education in English.' - Encyclopaedia of Women Biography, Vol. one, Edited by
Nagendra.K.Singh,APPHPC, New Delhi, 2001, Page.4)
^ #j~ J=^
`Hx î#, W^^ ^~# H^, < P,Ja# =HO

K@O U=Ò Q_eOk ^#_xH =`"#x P" +O K~.
XH `Hx b ÔO K U=Òk. =O^ " `H u
L^=H~_ WO@ ~ ~ _`~ Jx P" a\+ b " q~~.
P" ^Q K^=H#\H KHx HH *#O, =[O f~,`##

J=Q# KHQ i*#O, =~` HeyO_ @O|O P#,
==~# *Q`Q x~OK~. a_ K^= _| H"e=, `#
=HQ` P~}# ~OQ ^= \ J=~x JkQqOK~ `,
Px qH~OK JOwHiOK^.
Pk < ~[H rqÒ ^= O K ^ = O P~O" O k.
P =O _H~ JhaO\, Q H$+ QY ~OaOz# O~
L^=O P" <~.D L^=O =iO`Q qiOKO^ iH,
PiH H~# JOkOK@" HO_, `# @O|O =` P
kQ y# H~H= x=Q=~Ok. L^=O @ x|^` Q
L^=Hi}Q P" K +"# Ja<~. Ja#
Hey LO_@O =`" H^, J=~O = P Ja# ZQu K\e,
J#iOKx P" H\OK~.
_H~ JhaO\ =~O O~ L^=O x * =`#
L^=H~ i` ^$ "i @O PHe` J=\OKO_
P^H"e# J=~x Q~iy P kQ Pk < ZO` H$+ ~. Jb
^~ * ~, P# J=x, @O|O Q_=@" H+OQ =i,
PiH W|O^# Z^~O@ _ P", P" @Oc L^=H~
@O# P^<O^, L^=H~H= x~} O ~ O_
=i O~.P L^=x h~H~O^ O ~ `Hx b
ÔO K# O^~OQ P" xtÒQ q=iOK~. D O^~OQ, "^=O
J#q# <# ` = îOK@O HO_, ~OQ Q O~
(Bharath Ke Swatantra Samgram me Muslim Mahilvonka Yogdan , Dr.Abida
93
94
Samiuddin, IOS, New Delhi,1997, Page. 55-59)
^= OK Ô [~Q`# <Ô L^=H~# J}z

"O^ a\+ Ò `z# WO_< _< ~Q+< Ò` =~
^ e@ }O`H" < ~. a\+ Ò H_ # x~ # =<
==^ Jb a\+ q^ K# q=~<`H "Y#
~iOKx Jb ^~# zO^<"_ Q=O x~OkOz, P T~
^\ "~ ^x Ò POH qkOzOk. P O^~ O Q P" _ KO ÔQ
Jb ^~` H zO^<"_ "~. ` K~# q=i< `#
Ô HO, *u [# HO x~O^# iOKe~=@O x[OQ
Q = O`_z# =~OQ P" qOK~. D O^~ O Q =`$Ô , *u [#
HO H+# # i OKO^ Q = O`_ ZOH (`# a_ # ZOH K _O)
x[OQ QiOK^y# q+O Jx P" P#OÔ =HOK~.
Jb ^~ x~OÔ LO_Q a\+ Ò Jb ^~ =^
OQ@ u^# OOk. P u^# H~OQ Jb ^~ `xH
+~ ` Oy"e, q +` ~[H #~^. P u^# `z#
b L#`kHi OQ@ Òx JO# Jb ^~
``#C_ HQk ~x P" q+O `<~.Ò
u^# q<H ~ îOz Jb ^~, `kH~ ~x L#
QkH qq =K~. QkH =z ~Q<, b L#`kHi` <~Q
=\_ ` < a_ K# HO^ W+ _ ~ . ` u^##
JOwHi = "`h f~`~. P "` #O_ q=H HO, = îH
q=, = ^ [< q~ÔQ < a_ ` u^##
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
=~ Jb ^~` Pk < QO
*f HOQ HH` #Q~O [i# =" cc J=

[~ ~. D ="O , KÒ`HO O^=O H
" ~_x x, SH` ^~ =`" ~f K
O^Q~x L^\OK~. r=# }O Q=O`xH ` =~=iH
`=OKk ^<~. ~` ` H~îx He uxk |$OÔ
K~eOkQ P" P#O =zOk. P P<x P" u~i ~~
=^ <# aKQ`Q ~#x J<~. 1917_O|~ HH`
#Q~O [iy# Jd ~` =O bQ = [~# P",
O^=O SH`=H`# q=i L`[ i` O QO K~. [
=` q^# q_<_ WO kOz#, ==^ =H K#
Ou=~ =~# }OKx =O# H~~.
OK == îHOQ Q~qOK Yb ^qx a\+ Ò ~^
K@O` ~ye# PQ* eÒQ WO_ ~k^# d`
L^=O Pk < H jH ` +OK~. D O^~ O Q J~ #,
J=~^# P" HK^. P" @O| O` d` L^=xH
iQ JOH`=~.J#~ OQ`, x~O, x|^`` _#
`Q= rq` q^#O`, H ^# @ i~ JOH` =O` ==i,
[# PH@x *f^= kQ ZOî< H~#Y# K~.
=`$Ô HO =~}O K@O _ JC_C _ J=~O . J~` =~}O K@O
HO> H^# HO rqOK@O K J=~O JO@ P" =HO K#
Ja [# J+OQ PH@<~. D O^~OQ P" q^,
O^ == SH` JkH ^#`x OQ K~.
JOwHiOK~. XH " JOwHi xOÔQ J@=O\ a_ QO`#

<< OQ H KO#. D =`~ H~= x~} Q=O`_ D
=$^~e JO`\ Hx `H W_ Jx P" QiOK~. P"
JO`\` PQ^. ' D q+# = =^#OQ, q u^# =
u~~OQ `xH èK O_ Jx Pk < b L#`kH~#
H~~. =`$ q = K <O^ Q = O`_ kOz# =`~ Qx
Z@=O\ J"O`~ Z^~< =~x H+# H=z _< =^<k
^x P" x~ OÔQ H\ O K~. (Bharath Ke Swatantra Samgram me Muslim Mahilavonka Yogdan, Page. 61-63)
1917 Pk < "@"^\iQ QOnrx He~. P `~"`

Jb ^~ QOnrH =^# Q_ |OÔ U~_Ok. Jb ^~`
@Q `## _ P" H#a_ K<~x QOnr `# OQ WO_
uH, q` ~# Y OQ ~x P" @ Q~="x
H\ O K~. JO`H^ Jb ^~ ` H P" `= =Q~ =~=x
QOnr J<~. P" Ja P# JÒ` =Y` xK~.
95
d` L^=O`@Q, QOnr ~H# K# x~H~}

L^=O =Y ` =OK~. D O^~ OQ P" d` = HO
q rq`# `QO KO_ JO@ x#kOK~. D x<Ô P<_ u
L^=H~_ d`x~H~} L^=kQ iHeOk. ('Sacrifice
your life on the issue of Khilafath ' - Enclopaedia of Women Biography, Volume
96
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
I, Edited by Nagendra.K. Singh, APHPC, New Delhi, 2001, Page. 4)
Jx #O^#, `## èQ iQ}Oz Q~q#O^# `# a_ Z^@

`# ~ îOKe# J=~O Ô@ ~~ÒQ |~OQ P"
O yOK~.
J<~QO P@OH He< H K O_ q=H ~@O K~H #
` x~Oz# Jk < 1922 O|~ O*| ~@# K~. D
O^~OQ F =\_` ~`^ H, _ x`
OH |OnQ LO_~^#k < Ja=Ò, Jx P" QiOK~. u
XH~ Y^~# îOKx, Y^~ ^~}# ÒKx, q^j ==#
|+iOKx P" L^kOK~. J<~QO =# QO` Q< ZO`
=` P" K# OQ O* [# L`lè K~.
D ~HO Q P" Ô U O`xH "o< ~~ ^+K ~ #
=u~H, [# POQ `xH =u~HOQ d`x~H~}
L^= "tOKeOkQ L^kOK~. P" x|^`, x~_O|~`,
K"# =HÒ [# H\_Q~. P H~}OQ Pk <
QO# =^H~ q^ Q a\+ ` x"kH ~<~. Jk
< QO @O|Oî ` =u~Q `k<`
iQ}O K~. D iu x |\ P" U ~ a\+ Ò q^ ~@O
yOK~ Òk.
D qÔQ z=i =~ K`"# Ò` ~`x HOH,
=`x =~O ~@# #_z# N=u Pk < J| Jb QO
1924 #=O|~ 13# _b Jb ^~, =` QOn `k`~ =Y
=HO OÒQ H#=~.
d` x~H~} L^=O =O P" =$Ô =# J<~QO`

^ _`<~. P" s~O } U=Ò HiOK@O ^. P
i` _ Jk < [H =K~. KO ÔQ x~H~}
L^= ^`# K\~. D L^= x~} J=~"# x^#
=Y, [ #O_ =~@O J^`"# `# x~OK~.
d` x^ H~} H_ JO*k QO# "O@@x qÒQ
~ \OK~. P x^ # =`QOn [i# ^ ~ @#, L^= H~H=
x~} JO^K~. D O^~OQ P" =O^k , ="
x OyOK~. POQ uH =K L^= =K~x, Ò
f~`## _ P" K~ #O_ Q, [ q^ H=~
H~`H K~ iQ Hn, xC KiQ L<` Ò q^ f=OQ
q~K_~ .
Pk < ~[H ~OQ# =`" HO_ =lH ~OQO _
`#^# Q=x JOkOK~.1921 [iy# Jd ~` =
="xH J^H` =Oz, = H~H~ =~^~HÒ =OK~.
^j L^=x \+ ~ @O, =`=~ O H_@O = ^ #
` =OKx xK~. D ="O H i QOn, QO ~`
"x, ~lx <_ `k`~ =Y <~. a\+ xO`$Ò
#O_ q=H kOKO> O^=O SH` Jx"~=x #q# P"
z=i =~ P kQ H$+ ~. SHOQ LO_=x =# J#"
<~ `<~, D Ô x O^ =O t D~ [O` SHOQ
L^qOK#@~` =# HO U<\H kOK*^ Jx P" [#
KiOK~.
*f^= H~H= = JkHOQ <x Pk <
L^kOK~. OQ L^=O #H ~< L^q# ~ , #
ÒKx = q[ K~. *f^=H~O` `## J=
97
P ~A# =` ~` Ô Hh\ =^"Ok.
< ~ K~O` * "~. < ~ =Ò WO` =~ KQ

LO_@O @ = ^Q LOk.
QO Ys^ M*
98
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
QOnr P^~O ' xM K#
u= QO
K, Ò` H~# [ q=H`# U=Ò OK~.
=`~"# K,=#` HO #_O H\# ^ Y,O^#
HK~. H^# ~==kQ qOz# "~ P =~O ` JO^
J_O =K u^x `l~. P H~K~} u~OQ x~ N=u
u= QO.
^H}H =~ q=H =u~HOQ y# L^= =`QOn
`@Q x, JH_# Hk ~# PiOz> "~x
=^x, QOnr `@Q ~`Ô qK# @O| ~ u=
QO. P" Ò_ W=" J| Mk~ ^H}H M` J~a Q~
"i. ^H}H Q`# =~ q=H` =u~HOQ y# ~@O
W=" Mk~ QOnrH H jH H~O JOkOK~. P H=O JH_#
~O^# `lOz Ju =# L^=H~xQ @O|O` P#
~` Ô =K~. a\+ `xH =u~HOQ Q`# q=H ~@O
Q=O =OKO^ ~O^ =^x QOnr "O@ #_K~.
99
^ #j~ J=^
P =hx ^ =~ u= QO . P" O@O|O JO` |~f

P=O Q_Ok. P H~}OQ u= QOnr H## iQ~.
P=O Jx # uXHiH K^_Q LO@ P= xO^##
\ P=", `HOQ =`x O# JO^<~.
P" Ò_ J| Mk~# QOnr O` ^~ xQ qOz Q~qOK~.
P J#|OÔ` 20 O=`~ u= q"O q+O QOnr `H
^ K~. P" q" P#`x P# OQ ~OkOK~. P
q"xH =Y#, [# Px 1920 U 2# "=_# P#
uH QOnr i@ Ki`" *f^= ` Ki` `H #O
OkOk. P P# uH W yOk.
"# q`=! u= QO < q` =i < ^~
W=O J| Mk~ Qi *+ uH. W=O ^H}H,
~` Ô x P=, * rqÒ < K~ . ^ < q`
u= cc q"O 1920 U 26 `k x"~O OÒ U_ QO@
[~x x"O k. P~#~ q^ +s+ P~O= Òk. D O`+H~
=O q~ _ x =^ , =~# `= HOH ` JOH$`#
K Q~.
W@
"<^ H~OKO^ QOn.
D q" H~H=O QOnr P^~O Ju ^^Q ~~Ok.
D q"O QiOz QOnr `# #=r=< uH q+O Q Ld OK~. q"O
`~"` u= J`"iO\H "oOk. P= rqÒ J=~# tH},
+` , ^ H , =lH ""# J`" iO@ i=oO K eOkQ
H~` QOnr P"# Pj~kOK~. P kQ J`" iO@ _ *f^=
"# i=oO K# u= QO z# =< H#=~.
100
^ #j~ J=^
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
QO *f^= H~H= <~.
(Aruna Asaf Ali, GNS
Raghavan, NBT, India, 1999)
OQ` [# L^= kQ #_# k@
JHs QO
* ~\ = #@O XH=O`` , P ~\ #@"
HH, `\"ix _ <@ K @O Qq^. Jk P = K" #
=~# , x*~f, x|^` q^ P^~_ LO@Ok. D "~ *f^=O
è^ [iy# d` x~H~} L^=O kQ =#
H~#Y# K@" HO_, P @O| # _ ~@
kQ #_OK `Q PK<`H OQ# K# ^~eQ N=u
JHs QO MuQOK~.
P" =Y Ò`^=H~_, <"k P Jb è. P" ~
J< Jb. P# b JkHi. =Ò @ JÒ` H`<
W`~ =` @ q=H` Kx q $Ô P"k. P" =~_
O^ =u J~} QOQex q"O K<~. P =O P"
HO` H# =Oz< P `~"` J~} P Jbx PîOz `~
#O HeOK~. P~} J JbH P" L~ <~~. P"` H JHs
101
d` x~H~} L^= L^$ ÒQ Q`# ~Aq. 1920

" =O _b = ="O [iyOk. P ="O JHs QO
L`[i` OQO K a\+ b PQxH Q~~. P<_ P"
K# OQO D qÔQ yOk.
q~O` q @O , O~kH~ H~?
Jk x["` =#O =# @Ox =Q"O^s x~H~}
L^=O x+Q <@ ÒKe. L^=O @ x|^` ` ==iOK
K_e. JO^ q~ÔQ ==i OHOQ |+iOKe. =#
=Q"# H~ x~ # K e. q $^ Q = O`_x, ==^
=H# xÒQ u+O KH"O>, ~O cc u= = x=QO
H"# Ja+ q#@~` ^~~@O @ ^$_z` ==iOKO_.
(~`H Ò` OQ=O " =O ="OH Q^<, _H~ P^
gn<, W@\ P PH" _, #_b, 1997 l.313)
JHs QO =`=~xH, qa# =` =^ O|O^
\+` ZO`Q< H$+K~. P" `# OQ PûH` QO^x
J^~. P H~}OQ P" OQ =# ^#OQ =O =#
L^= kQ #_~. =`=~ \+` ^^_~. P OQ
^~ = Hê =z d` x~H~}^=O <@ P"
H$+ yOk.
D "~ d` L^=O P" ^ # ` =OK~. ~ @#
[i~. J<H =" OyOK~. P Jb O\ =Y
*f^H~_ q=H~\xH JOkOz, ~[O HO ~_`#
*f^=H~ ~}Q xez Ò`^= Ki` `#^# <x
PHs QO OÒ K<~.
102
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
q=H ~@O J~~# è _b =
=| u=
~^ K@# rq` Q_ b# =~xH KOk# =O P__K
èiQ J~~# OQ QO ~
QO [~<
a\+ =u~H ~\ |~OQOQ ~OQO q^ ~=@O *f^=

~O k< K q+O. P<_ U OH [#=^xH KOk#
=< * "_xH JO`Q =O^HK"~ H~. J@=O\ =u~H
"`=~}O N=u =| u= _b J~~ *Ho OK#O
$+O K~.
*f^=O ~=``# ==k. =`$q q=H
~@O u XH~ Q==`# H=k. P "`=~}O u=
WO\ ~x LO_H ~. ` =u~H H~H= P" <~.
P<_ = J~ H=@O, * H @O q+ "~. J@=O\ qt+" #
"~ P" H~~.
1919 [#~ _~ [e< "Q =O^k ^# |e
f<_. P H~`H K~ |# J=~^# iOKO@, u
U_k 1932 U21# [e<"Q J=~g~ k<`=O [iyOk.
P ~A# ~iOKx _bx KOkh KH H~H=O [iyOk. P
H~H=O # =| u= ` =u~H x<êK~. JO^
PQOz# b P"# J~K H~ [~~~.
a\+ H~ <~@O K_xH u= u~iOKQ P"
P~ = * tH, 50 ~ [i=< qkOK~. D "~# a[<~
#O_ Ki`= 1932 U 25 <\ =n< J# L~ uH tH
Q~# è _b =O = jiH` `HOQ KiOzOk.
=u~HOQ 1763 H ~ < u~Q@ WH_ ~O" O k. OQ

~+`@Q = _ *f^=O =O^<~. ~#+
= LO_ _ J~ Q~ [~ QO, < QO ^s=}
Ki` $+OK~.
Ò` =~^_, Jd ~` HOQ Hq\ ~
J| ~ O =~ D QO ^s=}. *f^=O QOQ [iy#
q^j =| +~} L^=O "~ K~H # ` x~OK~. D O^~ O Q
=Ô qH, q^j ==# qH~# ^H} Z^@ D gi
<`$Ò H\OQ [iyOk.
P H~}OQ [~ QO, < QO# Ò J~ KOk. D
O@## ~iOKx, 1930 PQ 30<\ J^ J# "~ uH
QO ^s=} J~ J`kH ^#` He OQ OÒ
"^\ iQ J~~# =O =, Jx ~Ok.
D OK<`H "~ =O =L`x OzOk. ~[ ^#
HO Q`# *f^=O x, b ^_#, H~`H#
i , J~ , * tH "~= O_ z=i=~ QO^ [ ~}
HeyOzOk.
103
104
~` Ò`^=xH \x OQ. D WO_ HOhH
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
b Q~K `HOz< ^~x
q^ `c
(1911 )
a\+ x |O^< #O_ q=H H~# ~f ^$_ O HO`
P kQ =O^ Q~. ~@ nH K\ ~O > "ix =~O =oOK_O
ZO`\ ~`xH< ^ =k H^. Ò ZO`\ ^~} _<
L^=H~ ~@ ` ^ . D "Y iH ~+< , < `_ HxOK^ .
#H O _ U=Ò "~=H =#O^ y# =
*f^=O =~ ^~#q~. P = KCH^Q"~ N=u
q^ `c.
Q[~` ~xH KOk# `c @OxH KOk# q^ `c
1911 |~_ [xOK~. P" x~ HOa_ qÔ Qq#
=O `# @Oc`@Q *f^=O <O ^ K^ =#
=^ =k~. ~` *f HOQ =[# qu P" ~.
`` J +O+k< `c, =` QOn ~[H Ô` @
q`~. *f^=O QOQ [iy# Jx ^# O@#
P" <~.
105
^ #j~ J=^
D H=O a\+ b s ^|# ~z K~. ^j L^=O

H jH ` x~, =` PO^# x~# =O =
x|^`# h~ H~O^ a\+ Ò b# LHeOk. J"#
O QiKO k. P"# ` H H OQ @ x Q~K `HOzOk.
J@=O\ #H O@# f=OQ Q_#\H P" U =Ò
J^~^, ^~^. =iO` @^` =O^ "~. P" `#
Ki}# qHiOKx ~ \O LÒ` JO=~O PO^#
<~. J~, s ^|, * tH U=Ò _O_
L^=@# `# H~H=# H#yOz# ^~ e. D "~ P" ~
* tH J#qOK~.
QOnr P^ "~ =O JkHO Q LO_ O` xKO^
"o# P" `# H~^H`# îOz [# PH@H=@O =`" HO_
~` *f HOQ < O O^<~. P" H~H=
^`# *f^=O JyOzOk. *f HOQ P^tOz# u
H~H=x ^~ ` x~OK@" HO_ H\ WO_ L^=O
P" =Y `+OK~. P" H~H= x~} ~ox O
1932 U 24# QO ~< `cH QOnr Y ~~. P Y
q^ ZO` ^~=O`~. q^ =iO` P+# Q=O`_
kOKx H~O@<# J<~. P" K\# H~H# P"
OQ =`_ ~# Y, W`~ P# ~# Y
`HOQ qOz ~< x, H~^H`# Ki` JOkOK~.
=`f` "Q q^ `c WO_< Hx P H~
i+< KOk# =Y_ ^ "`# (O~) q"O K <~.
P `~ "` ^ ` =~=x ~~Q, @Ox =~= OÒQ fikk#
P^~ Q$}Q, =`$=iQ QO q^ rqÒ Q_~.
106
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
`H `# x~Oz# =O = ZO^~ L<~. P =

O|OkOz# `H =# K J~^Q Hx~. rq` Q=
a\+ ` ^+H Q~=`, `~K Q * =`#O^# Z^~=`#
PiH =lH WH@`@Q =<=^# rq`=O` i L^=
Ti # ==} `QO Jx~KhO. J@=O\ = K#
`Q=, K\# ^H, `Qx~u, Ki` `=^# #O U~~<~. P
q^"# Ki`# $+Ozx H= KOk# = QO ==^ PO
XH~.
P" =Y Ò` =~^_ _H~ ==^ PO ~.
~ KOk# M< +H q ~An< =~. J ~ HO> QO
==^ PO ~` P" ZO` Mu KO^~. _H~ PO O_<
L#` q^# iKx ~ =z <"kQ ~_~. 1921
H#H=~O i # <"^ =$ux `lOz d` x~H~} L^=O
O^~OQ *f^=O "tOK~. P<\#O_ QO PO ~
H~H ~HOQ =^`x *f^=O QO OK<~.

_H~ PO `~KQ * H_Ò_@O` ~ ^`# `# iq` "~
P" x~ =K~. P" H$+, Ò`^=O @ =HO K#
Ja, P"x L^= x|^`, H^# @ L# ^$_OHO
1932 OKxH "_~.
1932 _H~ PO# a\+ Ò J~ KOk. P =xH
_H~ PO f= s~H ~Q`` ^_`<~. a\+ Ò @,
JkH~ ==~ ~o @ f= =u~H`# =HO K# _H~ PO JO>
=O__`# JkH~ P# @ ~OQ ==iOK~. J<~QO`
^_`#\H P# zH` @ JkH~ ^K^. P H~}OQ
P# P~QO ~A~A kQ*i yOk. D q+ O |@ HO_
Ò *Q` f<, ^j uH _H~ PO J<~Q
i`# `x PO^# =HO K~.
D q+# `# [ PQ" =HOK~. a\+
Ò q^, * JkH~ q^ q=~ QOK~. _H~ PO q^
HHx# JkH~Q}O P q=~# U =Ò M`~ K^. _H~ PO
Qx, P# @O| Qx OQ q[ K ` P# "^ H~ O
HeOKk ^x JkH~ "O_H ~. OQ Hi` zH` J#=u=x
O^`# =HO K~.
D q+" [ `~# ~# ~O"<~. Ò OQ
"^ =# JOkOKe LO_Q, JO^HO J iOK@O z#`#OQ HO^~
qOKQ, =iHO^~ _H~ PO J<~Q f=` ^$ q#u Ò O@O
=Oz^x Ja_~. _H~ PO =Ò Z@=O\ i`# `#
=H`x KOx `xH q#uÒ O<k ^x +OQ
H\OK~. }O ~< <# P x K# JO@ P# q#O_
~. QO PO ~ P~QO @ P"^# KO^`#C\H, ~ Jax
Q~q `xH Z@=O\ J~# O^. D @^ =OQ
107
108
x | ` HO> Q~= ^ " # =~}O "x K\#
QO ==^ PO
~` Ò`^=O O@# ~ J_Q*_ #_, `=^#
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
_H~ PO Z@=O\ zH` [~QH=_O` =O Q_K Hk P#

P~QO =^H~ u H K~ x z=~ ~HO H O@ P# =$`=
qO HQ~.
P i` _H~ PO `+ QO PO =^ =z P" #KK
uOK~. i` K~^\ `#O^# L^=H~_ _H~ PO#
H_<O^ `xH q#u Ò OeOkQ `= eH~. PO
K P# q"# }# ~HOK@O Z=iH Ô H^x, JO^=#
`~_eOkQ P" q[ K~. _H~ PO P~QO@ PO^#
=HOK~. D "~ uH [ q[ ~O~ yOk. =Y
*f^= <, H~H~ _H~ PO J#K~, q` P#
P~Q i`# `KO@ f=OQ =^ KO^~.
P =O QO PO x~=# ^ H , L^=H~_# ~ ^$_x ~
O
@ Q Q~=O, P"x J=# ^~ |~`=~. _H~
PO J<~Q iu @ ^"ÒQ =H==`# PO^#, x`
#O_ =H==`# `=K< <Ô P" [ #^tOz K# H@#
OK#O $+O zOk. P H@ # *f^=H~ ZO` i^ HOQ
xzOk. ~#+ = _ =`$^ q=HHO Q`# ~@O
@ Hey# +"# J=Q# QO PO K# H@# +OQ JÔ
\O k.
P<_ QO PO K# H@## a[<~ KOk# =n< J# L~
uH 1932 JH|~ 25<\ OzH KiOzOk. P H@# D qÔQ
yOk.
=`$ q, KÒ` xqÒ ~_`# < ~ rqÒ ``
D *u `, P `~"` =`" <k, =~=i^<. JO^=# < ~
rq`x Z LyOKH"#k *u [# x~~OKe...`x
JiOz, < ~ <q^ LOz# qx <# O Q~ , P# `Q i`
^$_ xxH =u~HOQ <# ==iOK#...[iQ^^ [~Qx=O_.
P ~ q` a\+ `" H~}O Hx=O_.. < ~# OO

=$`=# HiOKx=O_...*u [<, P` Q~"a=< i~H}
q+ O =HQ ` rq` JO` =YO H=... =`$^ q=H ~@O

^#=# }# |e\e LO@Ok...JO^ Z=~ zOuOKe#
J=~O ^ iH^, =#=O` =iO`Q Q~_e.
..< ~ HO\~x < #=HO LOk. P# a\+ "`
~_#>, =$`=` _ ~_ q[O kOKQ ~. XH" =$`=^
K~ J~#@~`, Q~=^"# rqÒ yOK L^=H~xH aOK
=~}O, kH @ xH$+OQ Q_ OH~ x rqÒ HO> ZO`
L#`"Ok...JO^=# ## J~O KHO_. `x `# x `#
K Hx=O_. (~`H Ò` OQO " =O ="OH Q^<,
_H~ P^ gn<, W@\ P PH" _, #_b, 1997, l.
316317)
D H@# J@ ` =~# W@ [# OK#O
$+OzOk. P H@#x u "HO ^Hi`" =` ^x
L`[iOk. QO PO ^~xH, P" ^yL# L^= x|^`, ~
x~ @ L# Q~"xH L^=H~ ** eH~.
P qÔQ *f^=H~ i^H =~^~HO K# QO
PO rqÒÒ _H~ ==^ PO`@Q q=H ~@O x
Ki`~ ~.
109
110
q~O` q @O , O~kH~ H~? Jk

x["` =#O =# @Ox =Q"O ^s x~H~} L^=O
x+Q <@ ÒKe. L^=O @ x|^` ` ==iOK K_e.
JO^ q~ÔQ ==i OHOQ |+iOKe. =# =Q"#
H~x~# Ke.....^~~@O @ ^$_z` ==iOKO_.
JHs QO.
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
a\+ ^+H _x ne
QO x`h QO
(18841937)
~` Ò`^=O ~ ~[H a# Q~q, P#
J_Q*_ L^= kQ y# ~ HO^~`, Ò` Ja
Hey LO_ L^=O KQ O@, ~# _ `# x~+,xHz
Ja` L^= kQ Òz#"~ HO^~ <~. J@=O\ J~^#
n~=x` QO x`x JQQ}.
L`~^ ~+Ox "< l KOk# J=^ x`x QO
1884 O# @O|O [xOK~. P" Ò_ ^ c <
"h ~K~ H~ <"k. z#`#O QO x`x îH
q^`@Q J~c, L~, i< +# JOK~. P OÒ
q^=H x |_Q=~ P_ K^=@O, ~@O <~@O
~OaOz z# =< P" `#x ""x "_ K~. D "~
P" "< (Mohaan) l KOk# L#" Q=Ox eH qÔ
@ PHx HeyOK~.
*f^=O zK~_ Q Q MuQOz# =< ~` "xx
111
^ #j~ J=^
P" 1901 q"O K <~. =< i ~ [ < ~`

"x. q"#O`~O ~`@Q Jb~ K~# QO x`h
z#`#O< îOz# "", K, Ò` " Q ~`
"x `_@ aOzOk. =Oz K^=i J~#@=O\ P" O_`_,
K, Òà+ J~#@=O\ ~ aOK@O` P" J^ #O =iO`
K~Q yOk.
q"O `~"` Jb~ qÔ K# =< "x
1903 L~ U= (Urdu-e-Mualla) J# L~ uH# ~OaOK~.
=< "x, QO x`x 1904 ~` *f HOQ Ò
HiOK~. J\ #O_ P Ô` e~=~ *f HOQ ="x\
#Q~. 1907 ~` [iy# *f HOQ ="O HOQ
< Ju"^ q`"^Q peQ Ju"^ <` QOQ^~
uH "O@ =< #_K~.P `~ }O QO x`x ~ Ja#
=iOK@" HO_ POQ `xH =u~HOQ Ju"^ ~[H#
ÒK~.
1908 L~U= a\+ `xH =u~HOQ KiOz# F
"O @ PQOz# Ò WO_< _< ~ HO^ =<#
1908 E< 22# J~ KOk. =< J~ H=@O Jk "^\i. P
=O P" è O`#O U_k =~# HO^ <= QO
(Naima Begum) f= P<~QO` ^
_ Òk. PiH i` Q=. P
@O|O J~, * J#=O ^. J~< Qq} OÒ #O_
=z# QO x`x ~ J~ @ U=Ò
_ O_ L^=Hi}Q
JÒ` ^~x îOK~.
Ò, b K~ `# _O_@O J@Oz ~
ZO` ^~O K~. =< "xx J~ K# =~\ ~A# F Y
~ ^xx b JkHi ^~ P# O~. P Y q q^
q~KH _# =^x Z^~O_. < QiOz PzOK =^. q #O_
112
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
Z@=O\ |#` îÒ H~^. *Q` =! Jx KiOK~. D

Y# K =< P~~.
=< H# "kOKO^ P =O <"^ =O^
~^. Jb~ H H~î #"| =H~ = (Nawab Wiqar-ulMulk) O\ =Y =< =u~HOQ HO eH~. (Hasrath
Mohani, Muzaffar Hanafi, Trd. by Khadija Azeem, NBT, India, 1989, Page. 29) P
q`~ i` J^~_O_ <#O qK~} [~Q`#O`
HO P H~H=# P" OQ ~"HOK~.1908 PQ 4#
H~ f~ K|` =< ~O_ *, S^ =O^ ~ [i=<
qkOzOk. P f~ P"# U=Ò HkeOKH~Ok. ^hOQ L#
@O|O PiH i` H~}OQ [i=< H@^. P H~}OQ JÒ`
q"# H Q =< O` QO^x H=O 60 ~
b "O "~. D O^~OQ b << OQ= $+OK~.
P ^+K~ QO x`h HOz` _ KeOK^.
z=~ 1909 E< =< q_^~. * #O_ q_^
HQ< =m P# `# a\+ ` =u~H H~H# H#yOK~.
P# #KK ` =u~H H~H #O_ q~qOKeOkQ
|O^ =, x` P" xK~. P P" ~zOK^ .
P , x` |O^ = ^~= i` =z< îH,PiH, ~[H
x|^` #O_ U=Ò î =k ^x QO x`h +OK~.
=< L~U= # #~îOK~. POQ `xH
=u~HOQ =K~x Ki#O^# L~U= =^} Z=~
=O^ ~^. P J"O`~x JkQqOKO^ =< Ô` `=
z# J^ Q$O L~ U~@ K<~.D QO x`h
Ji xK, Jx ^`# =~=OÒQ x~OK~. L~U
= uH x~@OHOQ |@ ~=@O P" Jx q^ =<
`_@xK~. a\+ ` K~ =u~HOQ *f "` [#
K`#=Oè K# HO` P~OaOz# L~U= # =iO`

J~=OÒQ ~OkK_O OH|^# x`h QO |$`~ `
x~OK~.
=< Ô` ` =u~H K~ @ H#H =Oz# Jb~
=Y L~ U= uH# Z=~ H#=^x , P @OxH Z@=O\
H~ JOkOK=^x `HOQ O *sK~. P H~}OQ
=< Ô` PiHOQ WH@ Z^~"e =zOk, P =O
"i, L~ , P Ô` P`Q~=O, =< WO\ i` =<
J| HO P*^ =@ W L<~
' When Hasarath was released from captivity he had nothing in the world
that could provide him any financial help. There is an old dilapidated house that
was taken on rent for about two rupees a month, and had a very small room and
varandah in the inner part, and almost as much accommodation in the other
portion. In the inner portion, lives that fervent freedom fighter, ascetic, with his
wife who personifies resolve and determination; and in the outer portion you
find a hand operated, small wooden press and a few stones (plates), Often
enough he had even calligraphed the copy of Urdu-e-Moalla himself, had himself consolidated it on the stone plates, even operated the press himself to print
the journal. This is about all that Urdu-e-Moallas owner can boast of as his
belongings. Neither has he any other source of income, nor does his self-respect allow him to take obligation from any one else! (Hasrath Mohani, Muzaffar
Hanafi, Trans. by Khadija Azeem, NBT, India, 1989, Page. 29)
113
114
J@=O\ ^~~ i` _ ~ ^~O K|`, @O|

|~= ^`# OQ i QO x`h =< "xx
ÒK~. a\+ `xH =u~HOQ JH~Q i#
L~U= q^ b JkH~ ^$+ iOK~. Di uH#
iQ `^=\OKx J#<~. 1913 " 13# L~U= uH
#O_ =_ " ~# _l@ K eOkQ H HO^ _=O_
K~. P "Ò H@#O^# L~ # Ò [ KOk. P K~`
=< Ô` }ÔQ KO@# L~U= =`_Ok.
JO`~f i}= =OQ a\+ ` =u~ q^
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
b ^$+ iOK~. *f^= <` q^ POH qkOK~. JO^

QOQ =<# Q$x~OÔH fx, P# HêH q^ POH
qkOK~. P POH# M`~ K#O^# 1916 U 13# =<#
Ò =~i x~OÔH fOk. POH` _# K# Ò
k##Q JO^ =< =u~HOK~. =< ~` f# P
x~O @ =< P*^, Jb ^~ PO^# =HOKQ QO
x`h =Ò Z@=O\ [O O_ ~ x~x =i POH`
_# K HO> * rqÒ ZO` " Jx H\OK~.
^$_nH# è* P# O|OkOz# ==~ q^ "Mx

=~ =Y P" L`~ ~~. 1916 U 11# =< J|
iH Y ~, =< Q=O`_ =iO` OH|O W"e. UO
[~QÒ^ KÔ. XH " * tH _< ^~OQ LO_e...<# _
*tH Qx LitH Qx |=_xH ÔQ LO_e, Jx H\OK~.
=< "x e`~ * LO_Q, P# 1916 U 28#
~# Y Z=_` AO K_ "_ HuH |=`_. =#O AO K O.
=# q^ AO Q`#O^ O`+Ô Jx P" ~~.
=< "x x~OÔ LO_Q P" K# K~=, H~^H`,
=i, ^Hx Hx_` =< J| HO P*^, =<
J| i ~Oy =, =< H` Jb, =< ==^ Jb,
Pk < QO `k`~ =Y P" Y ~Q =` QOn P"
^~# O `# uH `H H^< KiOK~.
*f ~ QO x`h aOz# QiO Q~=O Z
L< WO\ =Ò
OH~ ^~~ i` # Z^~"e=zOk. P<~QO,
b "kO, îHO P @Ox \ _OKQ~. P =O
P" WO@ ÔQ`#O _ [iyOk. P ÔQ`#O` P @O|O PiHOQ
=iO` <ie~Ok. @O|O ZO`\ PiH J=~` J_`<
P" =Ò P`Q~"xH U=Ò OQO HQx=^.
P @O|O i` `# =< x` q`, O^<
uH O^, *f HOQ < O_` H+< ^ H 1916
17 Jb~ =K~. P =O =< WO\ i`# OQ
K# P# P" PiH H~O JOkOKê K~. D q+ x O~
P"=^ qOK~. [ #O_ KO^ = K P" OQ#<~.
P =@ q#O`< "= Z L<" JQ LO__xH O`+<O...=
|~=# W`~ q^ " @O iH^. = q+ O QiOz PzOK =^. .
=< KiOz# Ò K _LOk. q g#@~` P QO^#
( She declared that arrest was better than detention and that her husband
had done well by rejecting the conditions proposed by the British Empire's
toadies - Hasrath Mohani, Page.46-47)
@~ #O_ qK# _u WO`\ ^~O, O, `|^

PK# =HH~}# Q=xOz# =Y < Jq`~x =HO
K~. D O^~OQ QO x`h ^yL# Hh |~`
=~. =< q_^ HO JkH~` ~_`, < "^#
H XH" # f=OQ H$+K , =~" # =< H # [, uH
=K~O JOk, =Y *f^= <` OkO [~`,
Ja# OKO@, *f^= H~H= x~O`~O O@
P" *f ~ QiO O^~.
=<# J~ K# b P## XHK@ LOKO_
~OQ K@ =~`#\H ZO` KHKHO` P q+#
Ò@ ~ iux, P# Ja# [, *f^=
<` `` =< [ P" O^#H~ ==iOK~. P
=O _ =< H # "kOKO^ <"^ =O^ ~^ .
P OH+ i`# _ `@O@ ~ H# HjHOQ
==iOK~.
=< * L#C_ P# OH|x, `xH `=OKx
115
116
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
qH~Oz HiOKO_. [ #O_ KO^ = =Ò =^ Jx P"

xÒQ O_` H J~## x~HiOK~.
D qÔQ Pà=<xH U=Ò qÒ HQx=O_
H+## z~#=` Qu =O^ Q L`=Q}O^` QO
x`h PK~} `H L^=Hi}Q *f ~ Mu Q_O K~. [
Q~"a=<# OìOK# P" =Y Ò`=~^ ~#
xeK~. P<_ ~lx <_, JxcO\, Pk < QO `k`~
Q ~f = HOQ uxk=O_e #O O^~.
=Y = uxk |$OÔ ~eQ P" 1917 =O>Q#
He~. P O^~OQ a\+ L#`kHi =HO P" K# `Q=
P"x ~@^~ex =~=~ |~Ò KOk. qK~} O_
b x~OÔ =Q`#, POH =O zx ^ _`#
L^=H~ H# ~f = HOQ uxk=O_e ~eQP"
=\_~. S~O_x q=H~# q_^ K# q~ x~OÔ L#
~f ^ ZO^ Kx=~x a\+ ` H~î =O>Q#
t *f^=H~ q_# _=O_ K# f~ P"x xsuH
x^~#OQ xzOk.
1918 " ~` "x * #O_ q_^~. Q$x~O^
L`~ =Ò JQ H#Q`<~.P POH # P# x~Hi "\x
LOOK~. P H~}OQ q~\, "< `k`~ O` POH`
_# x~O^x =< KqK_e =zOk. D q+" x`h
QO ~ H # <~@O yOK~. P ~@O e ÒQ z=~ _O|~
=O =< iQ K aOzOk. Ò qkOz# POH `QQ<
x`h` H =< d` L^=O K~Q Q=~.
1920 _O|~ P~O"# x~H~} L^=O =<
<~. D O^~OQ QO x`h HjH ` x~OK~.
O^, =O SH`# HOH P" K~ H~H=# L^$Ò K~.
[ SHOQ ~_#C_ =`" |"# a\+ `x =# Ô

#O_ èyOKQ=x =< Ô` kOK~. ^j`#
ÒK@O `@ q^j ==# |+~} `k`~ JO q^ P"
\+"# K~ H~H=x P~OaOK~. P H~H= QOQ
x~H~} L^=xH Ti Jb~ d` ~ U~@ K~.
D "~ =< Ô` ~` Ô =O^Q ^j |@ "~O
P~OaOz# "~~. ^jx qÒQ K~O KO^ x`h
=" x~OK~. P =" Oy =# P
kQ ÒK~. D L^=O P" x~Oz# |$`~ `#
Hx_` 1920 " 19<\ OQ WO_ uH =` QOn ` H
jiH _ x~OK~.
1920 =< ~` "x `= x"x Jb~ #O_
H#~ =i JH_ d` ^j ~ eq>_ # ~OaOK~. D
"~ x~} x`h QO ~ K`xK~. P~OO D
"~O Q< P `~"` =< J~, Ò Xu_, b
J~KHO =# "~O #+^HOQ i}qOzOk. P H~}OQ PiHOQ
=< WH@ _e=zOk.
PiHOQ J= =`< x`h Ô` ~ =_=
`~Qu wx JH~# i n~ }O K 1921 <\
J=^^ =" <O^ =K~. J=^^ Pk
< QO <`$ Ò Jd ~` = ="O [iyOk. D ="O
Hi QOn, ~ ^q`@Q P" <~. D O^~OQ
x`h =\_` q^ @ J`kH ^ K<~. =
K`#O ~"O> =O^Q K^= K J=~=x qOK~. Q=O
P_ JH~*#O JOkOK_xH z#`#O< uOz# x`h
Di Jd ~` = HOQ "kH q^ #O_ P JOx H\OK~.
1921 J=^^ *f HOQ ="O [iyOk. P
117
118
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
="O =< "x O~ ~[O H~` Ki``H u^#

K~. P u^## QO x`h |~~. QOnr =u~H` =#
P<_ P u^# f~#O HH~Ok. P O@# <Ô 1922
Q [iy# =~H ="O P<\ JOx ~ iOKx =`QOn
"Yix xtÒQ q=i P" J^` OQO K~. P OQO a#
P~KH`# KOk. P =O * L# =`_ _ P"
Ja+} q=~# `x x`h x|^`# Ja#OkOK~.
D O^~OQ O~ ~[O HOH =< "x K#
O Q @ PQ Oz# Ò 1922 U 14# P## J~ KO k.
QO x`h =m <~@O P~OaOK~. =< @O|O Jb ~
#O_ H#~ `~e "o#O^# D i P" ~ H#~ #O_ yOk.
z=~ =< H~ ~O_ O=`~ *tH qkOzOk. D "~
*f^=H~xQ =< "x J`kH =O * Q_e
~=@O` x`x PiHOQ H_QO_# Z^~O@ _ *f
HOQ #O_ [ #O_ =z# PiHx u~iOK~. D qÔQ
Jx H+# # ~@# y# x`x L^=H~ @O
P^~OQ xeK~.
J=^^ *f HOQ ="#O`~O 1924 _O|~ 29#
=< ~` "x ~` *f HOQ ~r<= K~. ~#
~[H K~xQ qOz# QO x`h P# Ja#
=iOK~. U s L<, ZH_ L< =["^x Z^~O@, O~
~[O, [ OH=O HOHOK P Ô` `= HO kQ =O^
Q`, ~` HiH^= x~}O# Q=O =OK~.
z=i=~ J@ [` ="H" *f^=O, W@ Hi`
UH" HiH^=O P" K~H # `# H#yOK~. 1925 H#~
[iy# *f HOQ =" O^~ O Q [iy# Hi s ^~ #
P" <H` O =OK~. P `~ "` H=H=OQ x`h QO H jH
~[H ^~=~.
D "~ rqÒ K~= ^ =~ U^ XH =~# a\+ =u~H
~@O P" K# `Q=, ^~# OQ Q=xOz# =<
==^ Jb P" =HÒx B#Ò =< "x HO> Q^x
Hi , his stature remain secondary to that of the fragile lady who was
119
120
endowed with a heart larger than his...the woman, who had during his absence,
inspired the Muslims with such daring and fortitude that even he could not
have done had he not been behind the bars. (Hasrath Mohani, Page.72) Jx
J<~. P"x L`= Q}O^# =##O KO@ P<\ =O

= =`" HO_ =Hb# ~+ _ JO`\ ~
HxOK^x, =< ~` "x OQ x`h QO QiOz#
~# PiH D HOk qÔQ ~<~.
Her selflessness, modesty, sense of dignity and honour,
benevolence, perception and sagacity, courage and truthfulness, her
determination and daring, generosity and sincerity, the depth of her faith
and the purity of devotion, her high sensibility and politeness and
fortitude, and, above all her devotion to the Prophet and her faith placed
Begum Mohani much above not just Muslim women but also above most
men of time. (Hasrath Mohani, Page.72).
QO x`h H jH ~[H ^~OQ L< ~ ` @Q

O`# K\=K~. P ~@#x q#, `# J#"#
~[H a# JH~ | Ô K Safar Nama-e-Hijaz, Safar Nama-e-Iraq
J# QO^# ~ KiOK~.
D qÔQ `HOQ `# qH}"# ==~~o`, ~HOQ `#
~ Ja# qÒ K, J@ ~` Ò` OQ=O, W@
~` HiH^= Ki` J``= ^~, H~^H`, =i
îOz# L^=Hi}Q `#^# =^# ~O K# QO x`h
1937 U 18# H#~ H#=~.
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
QOnr P#O "~ <H` ^` HiOz#
Jq< `c
(18661942)
a\+ =u~H ~\ QOQ y# O~}^= P<_
= K~Q <~. P H~H= x|^``@Q ZO` H~
^H`# îOK~. P H~}OQ =~` Q J@=O\ =# =`
QOn OQ PxOz "iH <H` Q# JOkOK~. JO`\ =`~
Q~"x ^HOK# = JQQ} QO Jq< `c.
Jq< ` c Q[~` KOk# ^ ` c @O|O 1866
[xOK~. *f HOQ < [ |^n< `c P" Ò_HQ
[ J ` cx P" q"O K <~. P @O|O L# ~[H
"`=~}O =OQ Jq< z#<\ #O_ Ò`^=O @
PHi`~~. P" "^\ #O_ WO_< <+# HOQ ~.
Jq< Q @^ Q[~` = P"@ L# Q~"x
Q=xOz# QOnr 1930 U 11# P" =~ ~< `c i@ F
Y ~ =^# x+Ô, q^j == |+~} `k`~ JO q^
121
^ #j~ J=^
Q[~` = ="O U~@ K<#. P ="xH h=, q

J=Q~ ` H [~H"e Jx H~~. OQ =`_ O# P<x
Q~q Jq< ="xH [~ ~. P ="O QOnr =HO
Q[~` = HOQ J^ ~eQ Jq< ` c ZOH
~. =^#
x+Ô, q^j == |+~} HO H$+Kx x~~ P ="O
f~xOzOk.
P x~ "~ Q[~` = HOQ <`Q Jq< `c Jx
H+# Hi =^# x+Ô, q^j == |+~}^=xH }O
~. Q[~` JO`\ ^~ , H \OQ, ~~H O\ PO^< ~`
L^qOz ~`Ô "`xH Q[~`# P^~"# =~O xe~.
q^j == |+~} `=OQ Y^~ =^ ~}# ÒK~.
~@O u@O, # =_H@O, Y^~ <@O, Y^~ îOK_x OQ
PKiOz P H~H= | K~O HeOK~.
P" H$+, H~^H`# Q=xOz# QOnr `# OQ WO_, #=r=<
uH `y# f~#O K Q[~` = =`~"# ^`#
HiOK~. P |~=# = H # Jq< ` c P" Hq\ i OK~
Jx OOK~. D L^=O <Ô = HOQ H# "~H
O# Y 24 =Ok = O`H` @Q Jq< ` c O`Hx
_ QOnr H~_O ^~ *f ~ P" ^#` "_~Ok. P
Y P=< Y~+, ~< `c _ O`H K~.
z=i=~ *fÔ x, =`x J_Q*_ P" #_K~.
^` HiOz# H~H=x\h nH^H` x~Oz L^=H~
P^~OQ xz# j=u Jq< `c 1942 H#=~.
(Collected Works of Mathama Gandhi, Govt. Of India Publications, New
Delhi and Family, Kinship and Marriage among Muslims in India, Prof. Imthiaz
Ahamed, Manohar, 1976)
122
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Q Oz# q"^=O HO` "~ |#_Ok. =`$q q=H
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123
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J#=~HOQ `x J# Hi# O\ÒK Hh
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a\+ b s ^|# ~z K~.
P" ~OaOz# ~\xH HiH OH=O PtOK =, [
Jxq^ JO_Ô_eK~. HH` =#Q~Ox i^ Hi,
^^ [#O =r^ < QO#, `= P`|O^=Q =#
u+O Kx P" "O@ #_K~. Hh # kOK<~. D q[
< QO P` qx OK~. P" =iO`Q L^qOK~.
a\+ ` * =u~H K~ # P" U=Ò OK^ . kf
OK Ô =O ^ =u~H H~H= x P" *
H~. ~@" TiQ `# H~H`x x~tOKx H$+ ~OaOz#
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p## =`<^ =u~HOQ ~_~. P" "~@"^
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#, @# ZO_Q_ [# K`#=Oè KQ OQ
K [# O\` ~~.
P" x~O`~O [ HO qOK~. P H~}OQ [ O#
JO^<~. z=~ ''...the lady of incomparable audacity and uncommon
dedication..darling of Calcutta scavengers...'', Jx =Y Ki`H~_ Prof.
Santimoy RayK uOK|_# j=u =r^ < QO q[
kOz Ò`^= Ki`< HO_, HiH ~\ Ki` _
z~~}"# Mu Q_OK~.
124
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
*f^=xH ~O "_# ^#Q}je
+O+h J<i
(1938)
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H jH Q=x JOkOK~. D kf =sH~ }
x = `=
OQ L^qOK< L^=H~ Jx q^ `_@ JO^K
L^=H~ @O# PÔ@ ~HOQ L^=xH [=`#
JOkOK~. D H= KOk# ^#Q}je j=u +O+h J<i.
~` *f HOQ ^# qH x~Oz# =Y Ò`
=~ ^ _b H KOk# _H~ =H~ J=^ J<i P" ~ . 1899
_H~ J<ix P" q"=_~. P" O^H =` q^# JO
K@O`@ i <, L~, J~c + g}O OkOK~. `,
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125
^ #j~ J=^
~ "#, ~[H# J=Q# KH=@O @ Ja+. D

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U=Ò "#H_ ^ . *f,JO`~f ~[H i}=# Z\H C _
Ò@ ~ Ja# _ qÒ K# u=O`~.
1921<\ d` L^= H~H= #@O ^~ P"
*f^= ~OQ"O K~. *f^=O QO +O+h, _H~
J
+O+h QO ~#+ = J~LO_ _ |$`~"# ^`#
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= Z=Q xK~. =Y Ò` =~ ^ , Jb ^~
=`$=i Pk < QO _b =z# O^~OQ =` `H
="# x~Oz d` L^=O HO ~O_" ~ Q
q~# = K P" JO^*~.
~` *f HOQ =" P" `H PH K~. J<i
`@Q P" _ u ="xH [~"~x INSIDE INDIA
QOÔ ~K~u HALIDE EDIB ~<~. _H~ J<i ~OaOz#
Anjuman-i-Khuddam-Kaaba H~H P" HH` =OK~. P^ xH
q^q^<, O^H q^^` =^# =#O U~~K_xH,
=Hx q`# i~HOz Ja=$k ~O^ y# H$+
`_@#OkOz# D O PiH =#~ =~_xH +O+h QO
ZO`Q< qOK~.
*f HOQ _b x~Oz# *f ~ H~H= Ug_
P" Q=O, H~O O_ P~O=q H=. *f HOQ
126
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
=" Uq [iy<, Jq Zx ~A [iy< P H~H= [~

u ^_H _H~ J<i WO@ PuÔ aOKk. P H~}OQ P#
Q$O Dar-Us-Salam *f^=H~OîH Juk Q$OQ LO_k. DarUs-Salam L^=H~ Jx ^ HeOK@O [iQk. P O^~ O
Q
+O+h QO =" [~ u XHiH "i"i J=~
`Q@Q =u, [# U~@ K"~. Ju^=iH Z@=O\ JH~O
HQ O_ }oH|Ô Q Pu^x, W`~ ^ # HeOK@O P"
^= OK~.
_bH qq^ ~ #O_ qK# Ò`=~^ "i"i
J=~, J"@# |\ U~@ K@O P" `H` K~.
=O~, H~, ~< [#O W+_ "iH `H ta~
LO_q. Ju^ HO ta~ U~@ ZH_HO_ Dar-Us-Salam x
q"# P=~} U~@ K "iH Z@=O\ JH~ O [~Q O_ *Q`
f<~. U XHi q, =<" OQO HQO_
K<~. D U~@ P" `y#O` ^#O =~@O _H~ J<i
=O``, U~@ x~}, ~"H}# QO J<i `# [O^ q^
" x qOK~. ux^ ta~ x~}~x Ju^ P~
=~=O`Q x~OK@O P" `H`.
+O+h QO JO`\ |$`~ H~H=x ZO` =~=OÒQ
x~OK@O ^~ =`QOnx _ P~KH` e K~. *f HOQ
=" [iy#x ~A =K"~, "i` Dar-Us-Salam ^~ #
ÒKk. P H~}OQ 1931=i 29<\ #=r=< uH J<i
^~ jiH` _H~ J<i WO@ JuÔ OaOK f~ `##, P
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`H "O ~~.
D "O +O+h ^Q}x, #j`#, H~x~}
^H` < H H, P" Qu j "# ZO`Q< Hx_~. P "O z=i,
J<i QO =H# ^=#` < t~ =OK# ("< ^ "

J< t~ QO J<i H =H " ~H k) Jx J<~. =` QOn
`# _b ~@# _H~ J<i WO@ =`" |K"~. P O^~OQ
QO J<i` @O| q+ < HO_, *f^= H~H= QiOz
_ KiOK"~x HALIDE EDIB ~K# ^~ Òk. P x`Ò
<^ O =`_ P =h~e @ JO`\ J~ Q~"x H\ O K~.
Jkf `Q=~# _H~ J<i, QO +O+h Ô`
O`#O ^. *f^= H~H= `=#H L# P Ô`
O`#O QiOz PzOK^. K HO `~"` *~ QO J#
J=~x, H` J# J~x OK<~. D W~=~ _ *~
QO J<i, H` J<i ~` ^~. a_ *~ QO,
H` J<i# Ò`^=O HjH ` =OK qÔQ QO
J<i fik^~.
1936 _H~ =H~ J=^ J<i =~}OK~. ~ =~}Oz<
P# x @ HxOKO_ QO +O+h z=i =~ ~[
HOH` ~` *f HOQ , *f^=H~ `# WO@ J=#"#
=OkOK~. _H~ J<i =i\# O^#, `# J="#
=x P" iQ *f^=xH JOHÒ K~. _H~ J<i Uq
kOz< JÔ` +O+x H~O` =`" #x P" =Y Q~"x
JO^<~. P"` iK =# u XHiK q`" # .. ^#j =Q
(Very pious, very charitable) O
O^<~.
D "~ z=i=~ Ò`^=xH `_@ JOk, *f^=
H~H~, L^=<, [ Q~"a=<# JO^# Ò`
=~^~ j=u +O+h J, L^=H~_# ~ ^$+x @O| = " =x=O_

ix kOz# ==} =iHO^~. D "~ ~@ rqÒx
H_Q O _# OQ i Oz Ò` =~ ^ _# rq` Qqx =`$^
= JiOz# f=} =Y j=u AM QO.
^xH Q * rqÒ Q_# =< J| HO P*^ ~
QO AM 189293 OÒ t= OQ [xOK~. P" 78
O=`~ = LO_Q J#Q 190001 OÒ 1213 UO_
=_# J| HO P*^` q"O [iyOk. P W^~ `y# =
=KH ~~Q #`# rq`x P~OaOK~. (=< J| HO
P*^ (On), H . ^", WO_ aH +< , Q~Q", 2004, r.17).
P Ô` < J# =~_ HeQ_. a\+ =u~H ~@O
x~O`~O Q_`# ~ WO@ LO@# =O `= H=@O` =~_
~H P" HO` T~@ HeyOzOk. Hh P O`+O ZO`HO x=^.

èÒ_==x =< Ô` O`+OKQ <Q O=`~
= Q P " _ =~}O K_. =~x =~}O AM QO Ô` #
Hz "Ok.
AM QO #`# rq`x P~OaOKO^ "\x O@ J_Q > i H
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a\+ =u~H ~\x ~OaOz# P# P `~"` =`x =~O
#O P~OaOK~. =< OQ H OÔQ *f^=O H jH
`# HiOz ^` x~OKQ~. Jz~HO< L~ uH J
O^xQ, ~K~`Q, a\+ ` =u~H ~@^_Q
~Ok# =< H}O f~|_ O_ H~H= x=Q=~. P
qÔ Q =< ~K~ `Q `~OQO q< , q=H ~@ ^ _Q
~[H ~OQO x=Q"< AM QO P# x~O`~O
`_@#OkOK~. U q^" # H+O HQ O_, P# ^$+ @O| =
q^ =O_ P" *Q` f<~.
=< P*^ 1916 "@"^\ iQ x~O^xH Q~~. P
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"^Q`# PHH ~Ok. `~ "` K HO =~ <<"# Hq OK
^. P O@# P"# iQ =i"Ok. < rqÒx X_^_#
`@ x x|_ ~ ~x J=~Ok. (J| H" P*^, J~=ex,
~` ` K~}, #_b, 1983. r.111) P x~OÔ O^~OQ
~Op P# =_ O=`~ Q_ ~. P =O P" ~ x~#
H~H= O@_ O_ `# i^ "~ OQ K~ f<~.
1920 =< * #O_ q_^ HQ< d`x~H~}
L^=O <~. =< W q_z, Wex =~z d`
x~H~} L^=xH iQ JOH`=~. D O^~OQ a\+
K~ # q=i, "i K~ q^ xC KiQ L< K ~ @#
129
130
=< J| HO P*^ i ^`
AM QO
(18931942)
~` @ [O [O He HO^~ = *f^=O
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
QqOK~. JO^ PQ Oz# Ò 1921 _O|~ P## HH`

J~ KOk. qK~} `~"` 1922 |=i U_k *tH qk
<#O f~KOk.
D O^~ O Q ZC_ |@ ~O_ WO\@
# HO Q_ `#
AM QOx J`qO, ^H, =`$q @ `## ^`,
*f^=O @ L# x|^` |~`=~. =< tH _@O @
P" P~_^. JO^ P" =#HOQ ÔQ L<~. =<
K `= tH_#O^ P" JQ~=OQ qOK~. D q+x, D
~A# < ~ H <#O f~ KOk. P# U_k * tH
qkOzOk. "= J## ^xHO> Wk K `=. < ~ J<O
[iyO^x q~ JOwHi~x J#O\ Jx QOnrx L^tOz ~# Y
P" ~<~. (Understanding The Muslim Mind, Rajmohan Gandhi, Pen=<# J~ K@O` HH` HOÔQ P# x~#
H~H= x~} ^`# K>O^ AM QO =O^ =K~.
D q+x QOnrH ~# Y, < ~ J~ =# OQ d`
Hq\ H~H= x~} U~_# Mmx < H$+` s K#. P#
WH_O> [iQ #h ^`Ô Q [~Q`x Ò@<#. QÒ
< ~ x~OÔ L#C_ < H "~ P# ^ `# <# x~iOK#.
Q` S^ O=`~ #O_ < P~QO Q^. =#HOQ |#OQ
L<#. < P<~QO ^$ < qkx <# x~OKO^ =<
J#=uOK"~ H~. J~#\H D #~"# s~x d` L^=xH
O~OQ JOHÒ Kx x~~OK<#, Jx ~~.
=< ~[H H~H ZO` `_@ JOkOz# P"
P# yOz# f ==O P" K` ZO` LOk. Fi
x^q =# Z~Q =i# P" H# K P" =~^ H J
L<O@x tOzOk. P =^#OQ D =^HO =<
Q~ Y~< `~= Qq<~. ~u 2 QO@ `~"` z ~x P#

ZO` P x LO\~ JO` <# "x P# qO*=~ g
Q_`<#. Q LH`Q LOk H^. P# "x xKO> <<
x^ Q# KC ? (Bharath Ke Swatantra Samg ram me Muslim Mahilavonka Yogdan
(Hindi), Dr. Abida Samiuddin, IOS, New Delhi, 1997 Page.168) Jx P" tOK~.
D =^#O ^~ P"x "Q}O, ~ JO^K# = f~`#
"_ = `<~.
1923 OÒ `# 35 O=`~ = =< ~` *f
HO Q J^ Q ZO H H=@O` P # H~ H Q
q$`=~. J\ #O_ P# ~[H =iO` ar J~.
~`Ô JO`\ ~\, H~H= O@, J~, *
Q_` =< WO\@# LO_@" H~"Ok.1939 =~i P#
*f HOQ J^H#O JHiOK~. Ò`^=O Ju HH ^
L#O^# *f HOQ J^Q P# ^` =iO`Q iQ~.
P =O P# ~ QiOzQx, P" P~QO QiOzQx, PiH
i` QiOz Qx \OK< J=HO U=Ò O_ ~Ok. P
^H~"# "`=~}x UHOÒQ i, Jx J=# AM
QO Q_~.
P H=O ~ Jx q^ `_@ JOkOK@O =`"HO_
J=~ = WO\ #O_ |@ =z ~ <x s K_xH
Oz# AM QO JO`\` PQ^. Ò`=~O O@#
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=~q y=_xH ZO`Q< `__~. D H~H= x~}
P" `# J<~Qx HK^. P H~}OQ < "# q#
OKH#_" HH < rqÒ x["# Ki}Q xzOk Jx P" QiOz
P*^ OQ ~<~. (J| H" l. 111)
1941 AM QO J<~QO f=`~=~Ok. , [ =i_
131
132
guin Books, New Delhi, 1987, Page. 228-229)
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K P" P~QO ^@_Ò^x _H~ WK~. P "~

AM QO HH` =ê ~Op "~.P~QO HO` "~Q_H 1942
E 31# uiy HH` =K~. P" HH` =z <Q ~A Q_=H
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O~H |^~e =zOk.
=< O~H | ^~ `#C_ z=i iQ g_ eH#
P"^<i` O@# AM QO =~< f~ QiOz India Wins Freedom (Page.95) P*^ ~, PQ 3# O~ |~
`#C_ Z\=
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Z^~=H` 13# uiy =#x K#.' Y^ * J# =@`
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^YO K P" =YO q^ `~_`<~. P" H =iOK@O ^ Hx
P" "= ^# =HO K O k. <# QÒ J<H ~ P"# =ê "#.
<< C _ P"# JO` ^Ò Q K_^ Jx q=iOK~. (Understand-
QO AM J<~QO ~A~A f=`~"Ok. _H~ `

eOK^. z=~ ~ H_i K <KHO_< 1943 U 19#
~ 1500 " ^~O L# HH` AM z=i q_K~. P"
H#=# q+O è# =< P*^ = 26 O=`~ ""H
rqÒ ==~Ok. =$`= = =^# J_Q_ xiOzOk JO@
xOQ qOK~.
D qÔQ rqÒÒ =< =#H ~x HQK, P#
=# q=H ~@O q^ Q= qÔQ `__# AM QOx
@^, ^~##, `Qx q P" ZO` ^~e, <
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Ò`^=O QO AM x~Oz# `# H=OQ J~O
K #O^# P<_ =<`@Q ^= O` HO ^=~Ok. ~`
Ô =` P" Ô[e \OzOk. Pk #O_ =< ~[H#
f=OQ =u~H# =ObQ _ ZO` Q~=O` P" JO[e\
`H ="O [i O` f~< KOk. P f~< AM QO
`Q x~ux, HO @ L# x|^`# Hx_@O q+O.
Ò`^=O `# `HOQ #H ~#\H rq`
Qqx q=H ~\xH JOHÒ K, ~ <uH, =#H |x
JOkOz P# ^$+ ~[=# =`~ HO kQ QO^ `__
~HOQ ÒÒQ=O Q=O JOkOz j=u AM QO
h`~.
ing The Muslim Mind, Rajmohan Gandhi, Penguin Books, New Delhi, 1987,
Page. 240).
P qÔQ O~ "o# =< H~} =OQ ~

"Q#O K#@ HH` ~H~. a\+ Ò P## J~
K <x\ * |OkOzOk. P =O AM QO P#
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P POH `=Oz ~# K__xH =< x~HiOK~. D q+O
q^ [=~ <`@Q W`~ < _ ZO`Q #KK<
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P*^ q~ JOwHiOK^.
133
< ~ tH _#O^ O`+OQ LOk. PO^ P = < OQ

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KO^~.
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z# =< ~ *H~. D q+O a[<~
135
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P uH 1932 =i 12 <\ OzH, O~H KOk# ^ =
<~ =i
O * #O_ q_^~. P"# O~
=ê "=#kQ L`~ *s J~ Jx ~Ok. 1932 " XH\
<\ OzH O^< "Ô <~ O# b
J~ K~ Jx ~Ok. [# K`#=Oè K O\`~Q `
Hey# <~ H=_O` P"# O~ #Q~O #O_ Ò
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K<~. ^M< O~ H~~+< WO[h~ =`" HO_,
<#, z<#Q Ò` =~ ^ _. D q+ x =`QOn 1935
[#=i 26<\ `# Y q, q"O `~ "` ~ Ò`

`# W#~O ÔHO =iO` Q =OkOKQ^, Jx P=O
=HOK~. P" q"O ~A# `# =HQ` H~î =^= ^~ ^~
~~Oz# Y QOnr #`# =^=~ Pf HOH è~.
O ~ ^ M< =`" HO_, P# @OcO`

Ò` =~^ H=@O`, QOnr ~#@ P" *f^=O
=iO` K~Q xK _xH KH x Ò aOzOk. M< J| Q ~
M< Y P" H~H= QiOz "H| K@O ^~, P
q+# P Y qOK_x |\ N=u O ^H *u
[# @Q "#~H =H=Òk.
136
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D "` =O = q+xH =KiH =iO` Hi#" "ix =O^
QxKq H=. a\+ b ^~} ^+H HO>, @O|O, =[O
HeOK P@OH =O "i q^ f=OQ LO_, =`$^ "=~O
HO`=~ J=~^~. J~#\H N=u ~ac O\
u "`=~}x JkQqOz *f^=O x Ki` $+OK~.
~ac PO^ ^ ~RO J#O` ~O l z_ Q=xH KOk#
=. P" ~ O."n< . P# Ò` =~^.
P" ~`@Q *f "# J=~<~. P<_ =`x
<`$ Ò Q`# *f^=O QO OKH"#<~. @O|O,
=[O [OQ< P" PK## =O^ Qx=^. P" x~
KO^^. ~ _ Ò` =~g~_ H=@O =# P#` `#
1327
^ #j~ J=^
Ja# OK<~. ~ PK# @ "n< ZO`

#OQ OkOK~. q=H ~@O <x Ja+# P"#
=O^ Q=x ÒK~. P" `_Q xeK~.
P =O kf OKÔ QÒk. ~f W
~` x O_, ~`^x _ a\+ `= HO
He<~. JO^ =u~HOQ ~` *f HOQ L^qOzOk.
~`^ "OQ ^ =u~H ^~# TO^<~. PO^ _
U=Ò fO_ ^~# x~OK~. P H~H= QOQ
J#O`~O l [iy# ^ =u~H ^~# ~ac <~.
~ K@# =O_ =O = |~OQ ^~# x Ô =^x
x#kOK@O @ O^ "Ô` q=~ K Q [ P~~.
P"# Ja#OkOK~.
P `~"` _ P" H~H= OK<~. 1941
J#O`~O P~ H P@ "^#O [iy# =H `QO _
~ac <~. XH =O = *f^=O QOQ y#
^~ # #@O, ^xH =u~HOQ x<^ W=_O, =H `Q O
` =OK_O `QQ_ q^ ^==x =~ OK~.
P<_ * = J=~"# Hh =` LO_H=_O`
= J~ W+_"~ H^. *f^=O QOQ y#
H~H= ~ac #\H, P" J~ HH=_O` P ^~e
H$` b iH~ #"^ <KH^. P H~}OQ N=u
~acH O|OkOz# =Q =K~O JO^@ O_~Ok.
P" (QO JrA<) $Ô +O+n< HO ZO`Q Òz^,
~` Ò`= HO _ JO`Q Ò zk...P" =# |*~
J=H#^. Ò` =~ ~OQO ^HH H#HQ JiOzOk.
q._.=~~
138
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
L^qOz# O@# ^~#q~. P @Ox ~+ [OQ

a\+ `xH =u~HOQ L^qO_Q, = "iH HiOK@O
~^~}O. J HO_ F @O|Ox , ~+O` L=_Q
~~ # =u~HOQ ~@ ZOKx L^qOK@O J~^. D
qÔQ L^qOz a\+ b iH~ ' =^H~ @O|O Jx
#"^ Ok# Jb ^~ @O| XH~ N=u JO*k QO.
JO*n QO ~O~ O<xH KOk# O# @OxH KOk#
P__K. \xO@ =Oz H O_Q~O LO_@O` îH QO^#
qÒQ J^#O K# P" JO`\` i@HH JO^@ L#
=lH, PiH, ~[H QO^# i îH i*#O `@Q HH
i*<x OìOK<~.
*f^=O ca J=Q kKOk# N=u Pn < QO
=~_ =< ==^ Jbx P" q"O K <~. P# qî
^ #O_ a\+ =u~H H~H O@ q=H ~@ <xQ

QiOK|_~ . P @O|OH "t Oz# JO*k QO Ju `~ P @O|O
J#i# îH, ~[H =~O xOK@O P~OaOK~. d`
x~H~} L^=O ^~ P" =` QOn =~# a\+ =u~H`
~@O "tOK~.
Jb~ K^= ~H O_< K^= iKx WO_
uiy =z# ==^ Jb ~O~, |~_ O#O L#` L^Q
K, K u|O^HOQ xz# P L^Q# q_z z=~ [~eQ
H"_ J# L~ uH# ~OaOK~. P uH ^~ [ *f
"# kK, O^=O SH`# k, a\+ =u~H`#
[ iHQ~. P O^~ O Q JO*k QO ~ Ja =^`
`` i H~O JOk P## ÒK~.
d ` x~H ~ } L^ =O #@O ^~ ` H
~[H` P" iKO U~_Ok. D L^= "H J`Q~ cc
J=, ~ =< ==^ Jb` H ~ @# K~. P O^~ O Q
[ =## qÒ K Q OH O Q` H~H~ # H~#Y
# K~. =Y# H, [# qHiOz L^= ~O, L^=
HO, L^= qkq^<# q=i OyOK@O P" =Oz u
K~. OH OQ K =Oz =HQ P" MuQOK~. D qÔQ
JO*k QO O Q [# L`l `# QqOK_" HH QOnr O
_ JO^<~.
1921 #=O|~ 29 <\ OQ WO_ uH =
J# jiH# KiOz# "O QOnr P" OQ# q P"
"^@ =O =# L^t Oz O yOK@O ~OaOK~. P" O QO
P" ~ =< ==^ Jb O QxH U=Ò f^x i qO`
K|`<#. P"k z#\ OQO J~< <~Q [ $^#
`H JkH "x KÒk. JÒ` `= =@` J`kH "x
139
140
=`_K =Q HiOK|_#
JO*n QO
~` Ò`^= Ki` [ @O @OQ
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
JOkOKQ D H# `# ~ P" <~Q^ ^ J# q+O QiOz

<<q K# Jx ~~.
D L^=O QOQ =`_ x~tOz# `Q PO^##
q[=OÒ K_xH P" H=OK# O_ xK~. d` Hq\
HOQ Hq\ x~O "~ q^j== |+~}, =^# x+Ô,
a\+ # O L^Q#, ` ^= #, ` H# `lOK@O
`k`~ H~H J= kQ [# ~OKO^ P" #_OH\~.
[# ^#OQ =# `QO^# kQ PHiOKO^ J`Q~
Pk < QO `, ~ =< ==^ Jb` He K@ ~ \OK~.
d` x~H~} L^=xH J=~=Q x^# =i
@_O JO*k QO =Oz <~i. PiH P=H` q=i [ #O_
x^ HiOz L^=xH PiH [=` JOkOK@O P" `#
H=~# K~. d` O_ xqÒ Pk <`H Hk
~ x^ # =~~. QOnrx [ iK O K @O, P#
yOz# ~@# =~x iOK@O d` H~H~, =<
==^ Jb @OxH KOk# = =i# x^ `#
qiOK= . (Bharath Ke Swatantra Samgram me Muslim Mahilavonka
L^=O, ~` *f HOQ ="x\ <~. 1921

J=^^ [iy# ~` *f HOQ =iOQHq\ ="
P" L`~ ^ uxkQ [~ ~. d` x~H~} L^=O
QOQ =`_, =< ^~ H yOz# ^" ~@#
O^~OQ P |$OÔ P" ~eQ L<~. D O^~OQ P
H~H= K~O q+O ^ K@" HO_, PiH ==~#
P" OQ ~"HOK~. D q+x =< q, P" P
q+ <HO> =~~...J<\ =` iA "#@~` P"
YzÒQ HjHOQ H~H= x~OK@O k@Q iQ}OK=K
J<~.
* #O_ u~Q }xH \H@ fx =K# JO@ *
tH `= rqÒ Q=x qOz# =< =^ Jb Z= HO
* Q_@O =# O^~ P# ^`# JO*n QO
HiOK~. J@ @O|~"# q+ Qx, W@ L^=~"#
H~H=# Qx P" ZO` =~=OÒQ x~OK~. d` L^=O
O^~OQ J`kH =O =< WO\|@ LO@#O^# =~
q" H~H= _ P" OQ K<~. q"O =xH
H=O JukQ =`" [~~ =< uiy "o=# i` _
H~^H`` P" Jx ==~# x~OK~. D q+x =<
q, I was too busy to attend anything. So my wife looked after everything as best as she could and I just came in as a wedding guest, Jx ~<~.
Yogdaan (Hindi), Dr. Abida Samiuddin, IOS, New Delhi ,1997 Page. 143-144.)
d` x^ H~} q+O =< WO\ = f#

` H ^# POQ
kHi =O e P<\ l\ " JOc qOz
=< ==^ Jb ` =u~H` QiOz q=i, D# WO\
= _ KO^ Hi~. q^xH _`~ Jx H\OK_.
ux^ POQ_ K# D H@# ^~ P<_ JO*k QO,
Pk < QO x^ =~@O K# =~` , P x^ ^#`
"_=Òk. D JOx =iO`Q x~i P kQ JO*k QO yOz#
H$+x =` QOn OQ WO_ `HOQ L@OHOK~.
JO*k QO ^ =< "O@ LO@, d` x~H~}
141
(Understanding The Muslim Mind, Rajmohan Gandhi, Penguin Books, New

Delhi, 1987, Page. 99).
1921 O|~ =< ==^ Jb QOnr i"~O` H

HH` #O_ =^ "_ `<~. P i"~O JO*k QO _ L<~.
qY@O ~ + < =^ =< ==^ Jb P~
~. J O^~ O Q
P" K# ^~ *f^= <` , [ O `=~.
142
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
qY@O ~ b +< x~OÔ L# ~# H ' `# QiOz,

@O|O QiOz zOuOKe# J=~O ^x P# P" ^~O K~.
=< J~ O^~ O Q QOnr P"` =\_ ` =< J~ =O
O HQ^ ? Jx tOKQ P# `# Ô HO *u HO * H~,

Jx P" uOkOK~x OQ WO_ QOnr ~~. D O@#
JO*k QOx "H"x nH, J=# ^~ ~A=Q
x#@O OÔ ^.
1928 O_\ "u < J^H`# ~Ok# < Hq\
i~# =< ==^ Jb JOwHiOK^ . D x"kH _b u^#
=u~H=O@ P# q=iOK~. P H=O 1928 =< ~` *f
HOQ =#HOQ ^~=~. P# =`QOn` _
O|O^ #y~. 1930<\ O~ =< =\_`
=` QOn O^ = =`K O^ "xH #~x Ja QO
K~. P =O "= i^ OÒx H\ [iy#
=`H q+O q^ QOnrH =< Ja^ =K~. P
=`H H~}O Z=~# q+O q^ P <è~=iH UHaO
^~^. P `~"` H=H=OQ Jb ^~, QOnrH =^ Z_O
Q iyOk.
1930 ^= ~O_ >| ="xH ZOH K# uxkQ =<
O_< "~. P# "O@ JO*k QO _ "~. P =xH
=< PiH i` J^#OQ L<~. JO*k QO# `# "O@
fH O^ x^ x û P O@Ox P=iOzOk. d`
x~H~} L^=O O^~OQ Hk ~ x^# L^=O HO
HiOz \# @OxH } Y~ _|H W|O^ _e#
û Z^~~Ok. *f HOQ ^~O H=@O, < x"kH#
=u~HOK@O, =` QOn` qkOK@O =# P# H=OQ *f
HOQ < x~^~} Q~~. P H~}OQ PiH W|O^`
`=`==`# JO*k QO O_< }O HO JC Ke

=zOk.
=< O_< K~ <H ~O_ >| =" HO JqOÒQ
qOz# H~}OQ JOÒ` =ÒQ L# P# P~QO =iO` H}
O zOk.
zH` x^ H~= HQ, P~ =~* O# "^ P# "Ô
~OaOK~. P# s~O J#OQ OkOK^. J`kH =O
qOu fH"x _H~ x~tOz< =< =Ò J^#O,
=Y` K~ [~@O, Y ~@O =#O_ uH}O ~[O
QiOz, O^=O SH` QiOz, [ K, Ò` QiOz
PK# yOK~. P =~^x = JO*k QO PqOÒQ
Q_ ~. P u PiH i` J#eOKH P" ZO` H Q~ ~.
P û , J#q # H\H îHO QiOz JO*k QO `# =~ *~
Y ~ ZO` P"^## =HOK~.
u "`=~}O JO*k QO ZO`Q qOz< e Ò ^H ^ .
z=~ =~} #O_, "...To live for a great cause, and live upto it is
perhaps harder than to die for it" Jx `# =<Q`x =HOK, 1931
[#=i 4# =< ==^ Jb JOu= q_K~.
=< JO`H ~
H JO*k QO ^xH uiy =K~.
~[HOQ =Y HOQ <` =z# Ja^ H~}OQ
P" _ z#K Q~~. P `~"` HO P" H=OQ Jd
~` =O bQ x`~. P "kH #O_ _ P" ~~
=u~H ~@O Q=~.
D qÔQ rq` K~=OHO =~ a\+ =u~H ~ #
=Q JO*n QO x~Oz# =`~ ` x~HxH Q~
Ki` @ "#H <\ "|_# N=u JO*n QO z=~ Ju^^
rqÒ Q_` H#=~.
143
144
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
a\+ b OH~ ^+Hx Z^~#
+`h cc
(18961948)
Ò`^=O J+H iOz, Ji qOz ~[O
aOKH `= \iy# Q_# =ê "e = Jk JÒ` ^~~
J#=O J=Òk. JqOÒQ y# Ò`^=O +Oz, eOz
~[O kOKH =Ò P~` ~[H <`$Ò ~[<
[qeQ P_# qO`<@HO q[# =OK =zOk. O U=Ò
PtOKH P<_ ~@ y# @O K# Jkf `Q =Ò
=^=# =~Q#_ |=OÒQ O` Q_# q_z\e ~=@O
q^H~O. J@=O\ #H J#"# q[# O@# Hx
@O `z\Ok. P OH~ K^ J#"# KqK# =
+`h cc.
1896 O*x k< +`h [xOK~. P" Ò_
=< J| Jr* #H|Ok. P# îHO_`_. P# z# =~
+ `h cc. z#<@< P" îH q^`@Q HH q^# J OK~.
1457
^ #j~ J=^
Ò_ O^H î_ H#H P =~O< iy< HO H_#

=Ò z#<@ #O_ PHQ Q=xOK~. 1914 k< KOk#
=Y =< A~=<# q"=_~.
*f^=O K~H# ` x~# =< c|~=<
[=JÙL=UO^, ~` *f HOQ HjH .
a\+ `xH =u~HOQ Q`# ~@O P# PÒ` HH `
x~OK~. d` x~H~} L^=<`Q d` L^=O =Y
` +OK~. =Oz =HQ MuQOz# =< =~" `
Q_K~ H#Q, b zHO_ =C u \#
Ki` LOk. P H~}OQ b HHQ@@O` "Ò q^ =< 10
O=`~ P~ <@ * Q_ ~.(Muslims In India, MK Jain,
Manohar, New Delhi, 1979, Page.186)
JqO` L^=H~x ~Q +`h cc _ *f^=O

`#^# ` `# x~Oz Ki` @HH~. P ~~
Jkf"# ^H` =`QOn. =< P*^, O_\ <K
Q~"a=<# JO^<~. Ò` OQ=O QOQ q~=O O_
~ =~ n~ * rqÒ Q_#\H U =Ò J^~_O_
H^# ~`@ H H_QO_# ZO` O` J#qOz#
P" #je.
P" ~ =`" HH =~ _ ÒÒQ=O
Q=. J*Ò, J~, * Q_@O =OQ P @O|O
^~~"# PiH i`# Z^~Ok. U~AH~A uO_u HO
"`H"e# û U~_Ok. ~A Q_=@O _ H<H+"# ^
+`h P qK~H~ q+# * =Q`# ~ a_ è
x=O_ Q@Q Q_` P ^# ÒK~. PiH H_QO_#
Z^~O@<, `#=^## Hk\ PiH=#~` *f^=O
O@# W`~ L^=H~ @O# P^<~. L^=H~
146
^ #j~ J=^
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
@O Z@=O\ ^~~, ^~} i`# J#qOKe =O^

J#= ~HOQ è# L^=Hi} H#H L#O` W`~ # PÔ@,
=Oz ~A =O^<x P L^=H~ @O| ^~O K@O
q+O. P H~H=O QOQ P" =O = Y~< J^#O
tH} WK~. D "~ H< U~_O`=~ k" =Ok P" #O_
aOk#@ =K~O. (Encyclopaedia of Muslim Biography Vol. 4, NK Singh,
APH Publishing Corporation, New Delhi,2001, Page. 233)
Y^~ K~ H~H=O x [ ^ #OQ = Y^~

^~}# ÒK~. P" @O| O` Y^~ îOK~. P"
~ ` @Q [=J` L= O^, (Jamiatul Ulema-e-Hind), ~`
*f HOQ Ò HiOK~. P O "~ [iy#
H~H= K~H# Q=O JOkOK~.
1922 <\ O@#. *f^=H~# +`h ~, a_
* tH J#q<~. <#O ~ XH O=`~O *tH`@Q
"~ ~ [i=< qkOzOk. P [i=< KeOKO^ =<
c|~=< x~HiOK~. P =# = K# ` P#
Q$x ^ Kx b JkH~ x~~OK~. P =O
+`h k<x `# =\ WO\ z# ` JuH+O q^
HO Q_`<~.
^ KO^ b P" WO\x K@=\~. P" ~#+
= Jx _ K_ O_ b `= [ e x î OK~. U=Ò
J^~_O_ ^ g HeOz P" H `C<~. b
^H~OQ qÔO $+OK~. P~ ^~# x`=~ ==#
< K~. z=~ z# a_ K=x ^^# _ H~. JO`
[iy< b "oH `# a_# X_# K~x Ug [~Q#@
OÒQ P" `# H~H= x=Q" ~. (Bharath Ke Swatantra
Samgram me Muslim Mahilavonka Yogdaan, Dr. Abida Sameeuddin, IOS, New
147
Delhi,1997, Page. 260-261.)
J*Ò, P `~"` J~, * tH =OQ =~ =_

O=`~ @ ~, a_ WO@~. P" LO@# =\ Q_ e
~ P @O|Ox = Q_K@ _ H~"Ok. ~#+ =
#O^# K@ HhO "O_ Q_ _ H=@O` zxy# p~,
Q<\` HO` "~ K@ U~@ Kx, =~` tk Q$O
Q_e# û U~_Ok. P u _ Ò, b "kO
U=Ò [OHO_, L^=H~H= @ J~"# x|^`, ^~x
î OK~. ~ , a_ ^ = JOHÒ H=@O =`~ Q=x qOz#
+`h b "kO#, qÔx F~` iOK~.
1947 <\H ~[O kOK ~[H "`=~}O U~_Ok. Jd
~` =O bQ ~` q[# H~@O` +`h Ô` OKH
~. =Ò P^~OQ [ q[ # `Q^ < ~. H< U~_#O` =`#
=O "iQk Uq LO_^x KiOK~. WO =Ô _O^x
Q`# K~x =< K f=OQ Z^~<~. P H~}OQ =O
bQ <` , H~H~ P Ô` `=~. P
#H "`=~}x
i =< Ô` q[# =u~HOQ L^qOK~.
z=~ q[# `^. PHOH q~ÔQ =`$q q[#
QiH=_O, "#\^H Ô Q L# OÒ ` O ~~ Ô H=@O
O\ J"OKh "`=~}O P Ô` qOQ_ _^. 1947 <\
q[# `# JOî K@=\ JOî rq` HO $+OzOk. P
HO `H_ +`x @Ox _ f=OQ `HOk. P =`q^+
#`# P" @O|O ~ O H~Ok. ` ^K<O^ "O_Q_
W _ O_ ~Ok. x=h_ <, uO_H~"< ~^#<
z=~ +`h @Oc } L<^ #O_ =C U~_Ok.
P i` q`, x` |=OÒ q^ P Ô`
k< =ke "e =zOk. U<_ TOK#@=O\ û Z^~
148
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
H=@O` + `h f=OQ H`K O ^~. P" k <x `# WO\x,

\iy# Q_# =ê "@O `~= W+O^. } ~<
k< =ê =Kk ^x P" c+OK<~. P" Ò_ WO\x _
Z=~ n#O K<~. P #H "`=~}O #O_ ÒKH_xH
O|On `^~~. z=~ =< c|~=< #KKH
O` W =ê# P Ô` ~}~ ta~O `^K<~.
~}~ ta~O LO_@O P" U=Ò W+O^. D q+x
=~ ~ =^ =HOK, D ûx K__xH<? =#O J+H#
iOzOk? =#O =# WO\H "o Ô, Ô_ JO@ ~# @x
PHtOK~. P"# F^~@O =< K H+"~Ok. D P"^#`
J" XHi q Ò H~ =iOKQ~. P iu H ^` $^ O`
=< qKe`=_O ` Uq Kx x u.
z=~ k< ~}~ ta~O#O_ P Ô` _b K~~.
q[# `~"` i}= =# MmQ L# XH Q$O ` ^K<~.
P `~ "` HkHxH, P WO\ [=x uiy ~=_O` `= `^K#
WO\x [=xH JyOz "~ |*~~. x= h_x û
=m ~}
i ta~O K~H ` ^ . P =O H< "= x HOîz#
# +`h Ô` f=OQ JOK<~. Uk U"<
WH_ LO_ \# =\ H "eO^ ` \iy# Q_# =ê "
H ^x, P" +O K~.
P" k <x `# O` WO\H "x z=i ^= ~ ZO`Q<
iÒK~. WO\H ZC_ "_^=O@ ~# =~ tOz tOz
ZO`Q J ~< Z@=O\ [#O O_ ~Ok. z=~
k<x O` WO\ Q_ =m `HO_< N=u +`h cc
1948 E< 1# _b H#=~.
O_ = _ *= "#H_x
149
u= .` Jb
( 1902)
Mu <Ok# Q[~` `c @OxH KOk# =~ =
N=u u= ` Jb. ~` Ò` OQ=O `#^# `
x~Oz# P" 1902 #=O|~ 2# Q[~` ~RO [xOK~. Ò_ ~
J| Jb. =`QOn, O_\ <, ~~ = ~ > O\ =Y
~[HK#` P" q`=~.
` Jb` q"O `~"` P" *f HOQ Ò
HiOK~. *f^=O "tOz# =@ QOnr J#=u` =HQ`
`Q nH <~. Y^~ îOK~. [ Y^~ ^~}#
ÒK~. =# K` # ~ O^ ZO`Q< H$+ K~. H\ WO_
L^=O K~Q x ~ O_~ H~Q~xH "~. *K` # H~H=
x~} QOQ P" ~@# [i~.
a\+ x |O^< #O_ ~`^ O q=H= H u= `
Jb =lH = JOH`=~. Q[~` ~ROx ' _ Q=x
^`` fx =`x =~O P Q=a=$kH JqOÒQ qOK~.
P" H$+ eOz _b Q=O, J=^ #Q~ l P^~Q=OQ Mu
Q_OzOk.
D "~ P" =$^x _ H K H Q=a=$k H~H=
iQ JOH`" xK~. P H$+H QiOQ N=u u= ` Jbx
~` Ò qt+ = ~~O JOkOz Q~qOzOk.
150
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
=`$^ = Ys^ H@x~HiOz#
A^ QO ^=k
(1885)
a\+ =u~H ~@O ~O `QO K, rq` K~=OHO H\H

îÔ =Q` #C\H, U=Ò KeOK O_, Z=i JO_# PtOK O_,
z=i=~ P`Q~=" xkQ xz# Ò` =~ ^ Ò`=~
Ki` ` = =Ok `~ _ ` ~. J@=O\ "i z~ ~}
~ A^
Q O .
1885 JH|~ c~ ~+O, =[~~ l ~ Q=Ox
JÒ` O# @O|O A^ QO [xOK~.Ò_ J| `
q. P# a\+ Ò L#`kHi. =Y <"k =<
+ ^=kx P" q"=_~. P# =`QOn, _H~ ~*O^
^, O_` "u < O\ =Y K~. =< ^=k
Ò`=~O HjH ` =# =Y <. P#
~[Ha#, *f^=O P# J#i# qkq^<#
A^ QO ^qkQ HiOK~. =< Jb ^~ è, *f
^=O cc J=Q MuQOz# Pk < QO L^= H~H=
151
^ #j~ J=^
QOQ ^=k WO\H `~KQ =K"~. P O^~OQ P"# H=\xH

=z# =Y` [~Q K~, =" P" K# OQ
^~ =HOK# Ja A^ QO# Q qÒ K~.
=< + ^=k d`x~H~} L^=O K~Q
<~. =`x "~ `# WO@ H#H =~O i # <"^
=$ux =ke *f^=xH P# iQ JOH`=~. s P^x
XHiQ =^H=@O` P @O|O PiH W|O^ Z^~Ok. P WH@#
i<, *f^=H~ ^=k`@Q A^ QO *f HOQ
Ò HiOz P# "O@ =O^ Q~.
A^ d` L^=O ^~ *f^=O "tOK~. P<\
#O_ ^=k` He ^q=H HO Q`# ~ HjH `
=OK~. d` x~H~} L^=O JqOÒQ q# ~
Jx q^ HiQ xK~. JÒ` H+ = ~ ^`#
`# HiOz =~`` x~OK~.
d` x~H~}^=O b =< + J=^
Q$O +=Ol q^ PHH ^_K P## x~OÔH f<~.
P O^~OQ P# A^ QO# z, uH "^#Ox HOQ
H~xH " =x zOK~. P K# "~ A^ QO \\#
HOQ s H~xH "o ~ #O <H` ^` K\~.
^=k J~ =# <HÒ OzO^# =# H~H~ ~_^#
PK#` ^=k K# K## P" \OK~. =< ^=k <x
=~H~ s K=~ ZO` ^~` ~ H~"x P" x~iOz
+ JxOK<~.
x~H~} L^=O QOQ y# q^j= |+~}, =^#
x+Ô, Y^~ K~O `k`~ H~H= P" QO OK<~. ``
`# Ys^# q^j ==# `Q\ JOîH P^~OQ xeK~. ~, W`~
@O| îOK q^j =# ÔO KO^ uH ~_ Q
152
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
HOQ =<xH O JH_ ^#HO_# x~OK~. P ~A Ju

Ys^# ^ îOK <"kQ =< ^=k ^. P# _
q"# |@# qiO K~#_O` [ L`[ O Ok q^j == , =
|+~} K~Q <~. A^ OQ We uiy q^j =#
HiOz, "\x +=Ol K~@O, P Ki# |@# [ =HO
JyH PuK H~H=x `HOQ U~@ K q^j = |+~}
H~H=x L^$ÒQ x~OK~.Y^~ K~O `H ^K~,
OQ Y^~ î OK~. Y^~ K~O QOQ `# =~ O`
`H |wx U~@ Kx @} g^, W`~ Q= u~Q`
^j =^~} K~ H~H=# K\~.
A^ QO ~#+ = J~#\H ~` *f HOQ
x~Oz# ="x\ ~`@ <~. W`~ =
_ =" <@Q ÒK~. O` =
="# `HOQ U~@ K =~=OÒQ P" x~OK~. D
~ @# ^ #OQ =# qÒ K uOK~. *f^=O
O@# @O` iK OKx, P @O =Q"~
J~ H=@O, *H@O =# =, @Oc _O_
^~O K~. Ò`^=H~ @O OH=O HO, `= PiH
WH@# Z^~O@ _ k` HiOK~.
D =" P"O, PK#` _# OQ K =
^~# #i, "i ^H, `Qx~ux OOkOK~.
OQ L^=O <@Q =# iH~. +=Ol "kHQ
= O|OkOz# H~H= A^ QO <H` O =OK~.
D O^~ O Q * H "e =z<, b s ^| f=`# KqK_e
=z< ^~OQ =O^ Q~.
x~H~}^=O QOQ ` H# |+iOz#
q^~ @ P" `H ^K~. P q^~ HO `= + =Ol
P=~} *f H ~OaOK~. P q^~ [# =ux OQ

K~. D O^~OQ `# K^= O^# _ qiOz *f
" fH# q^~ HO x~O`~O qOK~. PiH W|O^
K@=@Q u WO@ Q_ aO HiOz HO`HO *f qÔ#
<@HK~. HO Q_K Hk PiH WH@ q@O H=@O, =~" #O_
a\+ `kH~ "kO quq~@O` P O Z= HO
=#Q_ yOKH~.
1928 <\ O_` "f < =iOz# x"kH` =<
+ ^=n qkOK~. J\ #O_ P# HOQ sH ^~" J~~
s K~~. z=~ 1937 =< + ^=k ~[H iQ
^~=~. P# =_ O=`~ @ ~QQ =@O` zH` HO
JkH ="Ok.
P H~}OQ A^ @O|O PiH iu f= "#H@# Kq
KOk. PÔ `z> <"^ =$ux =^H=@O, *f^=O
W`~ H~O O_ H~H=# x~OK@O` ^ K# ^#O
Hiy=@O, J<~QO =# J^# =O =OK ~=@O` P @O|O
<ie~Ok. ~A"i [~Q@ _ H+OHQ ZOîH PO
HeOz# + =Ol =Oux J^Hz, P @O|O =~ z# Q$OH
x"O =~e =zOk. @O| PiH i` ZO`Q kQ*i<, x`
#O_ Qx, Ò #O_ Qx O HiOK_xH A^ x~HiOK~.
z=iH PO ` Hiy=@O` qye# Hk\ qx J=x rq`
K~= OHO Q_ e=zOk. P ^~~ iu # N=u A^ QO =`$^
= Ys^ H@ # O@, Ò, =Y JOkOK=z# PiH x
x~HiOz H_QO_ rq`x x|OQ Q_~.
153
154
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
J^` H~K~}` JOî PH@# =<`
^ Hh* QO
( 18901955)
*f^=O # = `Q^="<, ^
~@"< U=Ò "#H_^. a\+ =u~H~@O = `=
`H u=~# K~. D "~ J^` OQ` [#
PH@ H=@"HO_, `# H~K~}` L^= "H `__# =
=Y N=u ^ Hh* QO XH~.
1890 c~ ~RO ^ Hh* QO [xOK~. P" ~`
*f HOQ < ^ =~H < =#=~. c~ ~R
HOQ <` ^ =n< Hx+ î. z# =< L~, J~c,
i< + P" =Oz `s^ O^~. ^~_ ^ =n<
K~O =# =M *f^= <` =< J| HO P*^,
=`QOn, =< ==^ Jb, =< H` Jb PK#`
PHi`~. P =O` ~` *f HOQ HjH Ò
HiOz a\+ =u~H ~\ kQ =O^ Q~.
155
^ #j~ J=^
^j L^=O, =^# x+^ H~H= K~H# Q=O

=OK~. d` x~H~} L^=O H jH `# +OK~.
a\+ ^~# q=i P" K# O Q =f=#
L`[~~. Q$} HO P"K# `H OQ @O| #
ZO`Q< PH@x d` ~@O O@# `= a_#, ~#,
`|@=# K Q~ _@
" HO_, OQ =# H~#Y#
K QeQ~.
P" `# L`l` OQ` i@HO_ H~H= OQ
<~. P# PK~} K ZOîH =~^~~.
*f^=O QOQ y# ~\ x~} =~` K~.
D "~ H ^# @ ^$_n H` xK c~x *f^=H~
JQ#O xz =Y = <~eQ ~OK~.
=Y Ò` =~^_, ~ i` <` H
*f^=O =Y ` =# =O P# 1931 PH HOQ
=~}OK~. P Ô@# P"# =#HOQ K ^|fOk. P u
#O_ P" =m HH^.
P `~"` OzH q+ q^ iQ PH H~# P
L^=Hi} H=OQ ~[H ^~=~. P qÔQ OzH
q+ ^~"# N=u ^ Hh* QO 1955 z=i q_K=~
x=x+` îH rqÒ Q_~.
< ~ HO\~x < #=HO LOk. P# a\+ "` ~_#>,

=$`=` _ ~_ q[O kOKQ~. XH" =$`=^ K~
J~#@~`, Q~=^"# rqÒ yOK L^=H~xH aOK =~}O,
kH @ xH$+OQ Q_ OH~ x rqÒ HO> ZO`
L#`"Ok.
QO ==^ PO.
156
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
J^~} ^HH J~ zO
H< Hx
(18651960)
Ò`^=O Pk #O_ ^ # ` =Oz# ` c @O|O
=~ =# *f^=xH JOHÒ KOk. D = ~O_
^ ^@x = #O_ # UO_ ^" =~ L<~. J qÔQ
^ =_ *f^=O # = QO H< Hx
XH~.
QO H< Hx 1865 OÒ [xOK~. P" Ò`^=
<` |^n< ` c =~. Ò_ *f "# z#<> JOkK#
P" QOn "~ 1930 Q[~` y# q^j = |+~},
=^# x+^ L^= H jH ` =OK~. JC_ P" =
65 O=`~. D L^=O QOQ ^ = _ q^j ==
qH, =^# qHHO^ Z^@ H\OQ [~` =O_
>O_# _ H KH L^qOK~. Q[~` q^j = |+~},
=^# qH =^ H\OQ H~H= ~}Q xz# P"#
157
^ #j~ J=^
J_H"x b J~ K~. `xH =u~HOQ Ou ^`

OQO HeOK~# <~~} K UHH qK~} [i~.
P" <Q = Hi# H~Q~ tH, =O^~ [i=<
qkOK~. D "~ Q[~` ~RO OK#O $+OzOk. [ PQ"
# =HO K~. a\+ <==# , `x ^_ `, H< QO
qkOz# tH# ~^ KeOkQ [ L^qOK~. *f ^=
<O` P" tH# ~^ KeOkQ _=O_ K~. P" OQ
Ji tH `yOKQ J=H<, P "~ `xH q[ KO^
H< QO x~HiOK~.
P O^~OQ J=# x~k P" P~OaOz# H~H=#
H#yOK _xH "=<O. ==e _ J~ KO_. = tH
qkOKO_, JO@ s OY Q[~` =` =O^ =zOk. =
` K~ q^ x~# =HO K q~K_~ . z=~ Ò ky~H
`^. P" qkOz# Hi# * tH# H =# *tHQ =~H
` ^ .
D "~ ' `c i"~O J^~} ^~ #
î OK~.. JO@ QOnr #O_ O O^# H< QO , *f^=
O @#xO\ =Y ` =OK~. =^ # x+^ L^=O QOQ
" ~H Q[~` ~R = ~# Ki``H Y q^ Jq< ` c`
@Q H< Hx _ =`x q[ "~ O`HO K~. QOnrx
a\+ Ò J~KQ Q[~` =` s ="x P"
U~@K ` "Yix f=OQ q=i f~#O K~OK~.
J~`Q e ÒQ ÒÒ kO KH, Ô ~ O_Q pe=@O
@ P" ZO` "` KO^~. P `~"` P" `# =x =lH
= JOHÒ K~. 1960 |=i 6# H#=O` =~ *=
Q_# N=u H< Hx `QO z~~}O.
158
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
*f^=xH ~O =iOz# q`~}je
P=< Y~+
(1905 1967)
~~ #O_ ^x q=H K# |"# HOH P<_
~f =<"# |OQ qÒ KOk. P =# K
Ò`# kOKO^ `= }# Ò JiOK_xH "#H_x
=`# XH" , =`x PO^ # H+#
_ O_ =O^
y# [# =~" L^= kQ LHqO KO k. ~`^ O "`x
P=iOz# P J^` "`=~}O q^ LO@# ~f# |OQ
`HOk. =`$q @ U~_# P =<" q^ L#"# _
JH_ #O_ a\+ Ò q^ ~\xH iHQ, q^ ~ x "O
U~@ K#"# ^xH ~OK~. D qÔQ q=H ~@O
Q=O^ Ô uiy=z# @O|Ox ~ P=< Y~+.
*f^=xH O~ rq`#, ^#O^# iQ =iO
K# @OxH KOk# z s
"~x `lOz a\+ `xH =u~HOQ Q`# ~@O
Q=O =OKO^ @O|O` QOnr "O@ P# WO_
=KQ U_ O=`~ =~# P=< _ èÒ_ "O@
`~e =K~.
Ò`^=O P=< Y~+ `Q= `# `< =O^
P<_ ^H}H P" @O| i`, JH_ =~q=H` =u~HOQ
QOnr` H P @Oc yOz# ~@O, P `~"` ~` ^xH
~=@O, WH_ i` P O# @O| | J"># q^#O
`H"e LOk. D i` # =` QOn D HOk qÔ Q q=iOK~.
^H}H W=O Qi POQ û x~}"Ok. W=O
Qi ~ z#\#O_ POQ sui"A` _# rq`x J#i#
=H. u=, P=< "i =~. POQ ^` "i~=i
OHO yOk. ~ YQ S~=O`"# rq`x `lOz H~
rq`x J=OaOK@O " # x H^. XHi ^$_ O HO K <H
W=O QiH Jk U=Ò ^x H^. <# *<|~ =ê xH
x"O =~Q< W=O _ <`@Q LO_O^ x~O
f<~. P# ^$_x O QiOz Ziy LO_ _ P# U qÔ Q
["a"# PO^# < LO_k. rqÒ Z@=O\ H+O#+O Z~Qx
=H J#O` S~x =ê xH XH =E~Q rqÒ Z Q_Q~.
P# xH H~ ~ rqÒ QiOz è#. xH ~_xH q~ OQ
x~~OK#@~` r (W=O Qi ~), =~ u=,
P=< OQÒ@x tOK. JO^ =^#OQ '< Q=O`x q^
i q=Ok. q~ r # iQ Z~Q~. <# ZH_ L<,
U u L< JH_ LO_O^ P" ^ `~Q LO\~. =# O~}
JOÒ ZC_ =#H=iH è^. < Q~ "~x <# WOH H#yOK
160
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
##O@<#. =~ "~O P~OaOK #. XH `Q Jx ~H

qO`, S~O, ^#O^ q^ HiH# `QO Ke. Jx W=O
J<~. D =^#O` <HO` O`+O HeyOk. < xH
K~ _ D q+O QiOz ~. = Qx, = xx
"O` QuOK~. D qÔQ W=O P# i"~O = "O@
=K~.
xH W=O qQ` K~` =#OQ Q=O
=OK~. xH = Q$ HO_ q^ LO_q. u =H `# "_HO
HO h# OQ HO_ ky "o HO^ #O_ H `K H"e. P =O
W=O P~QO Q< u~A LÔ @ |H@ h\
50 J_Q Z` "HK"~....P= x"O` =Qx
=` Qx, #==Qx, =$^Qx U^ XH x K#k
Jx"~O.
W=O , r , u=, P=< =^}O x
K"~. W=O HOlOQ x <~ <~. P# O\ =OQ
=$^ HOlOQ <~H=_O P~H~O. P# @O|O =Oi.
J~` xH "~ =Ox =O_#@ < Q~ ^ . JO`=`# îH
q+ P# \O ^x H^. P# #=* KO_ ZC_
LO_^. P# i"~O _ L"O \OKO_ ZC_ LO_^.
P=" r=#e x \ _, WO îH PK#x q`x
"~ ^~hO QqOK~.
W=O =H` O, |e^#O =iHx sH QiH"e LO_Ok.
1914 J sH "i Z^@ xezOk. P=Ox J`k P=O
=ê ~`^xH uiy "_xH x~~OK~. W=O ^H}H
O` ^"~Ok. r , u=, P=< ~`Ô Uq
èx Jiz` Ô. "iH U ~f + _ "O ^. POQO,
_K + ` =~H + "iH èx iu . J~< @O| " ÒQ
~` Ô "# x~O fH_xH W=O H}O @^.

`QO, O^=O SH` HO P# K# =`Qqk.
|~f P=Ox u XHiH P# k#K~ QiOz `...
J @ JkH ^"# P# $Ô K"#k. P= x=
x|O^# @ P# qO =iO` ^$_O HyOk.
161
162
(Collected works of Mahathma Gandhi, Govt. of India Publications and

Bharath Ke Swatantra Samgram me Muslim Mahilavonka Yogdaan : Page. 225 )
P qÔQ ^H}H #O_ ~`Ôx |~u P=O Ki#

W=O @O|Ox z# =~ P=<. 1914 |~u P=xH
=KiH P" = =~ `qk O=`~. P" P=O QOnr
~"H} iQ~. W=O @O|O J<\ O# rq`x qiOz
Hi# `~" # P= rqÒ HiOzOk. P= "`=~}O P=< =`
QOn =a=< `@Q =Y *f^=H~ iK QO
^HOk. P =O, èÒ_ `QQ}# OìOK# P" Ju
[OQ *f "# }H K<~. P=O LO@ *f^=
H~H= Q=~. =`x x~O P" ^`#
x~OK~.
*f^=O QOQ H~H=# x~# =
L^=H~, Q[~` KOk# Q" ~ Y~+x P=< q"O
K<~. 1924 " 31# [iy# D q"x W=O ^~x
^ QOnr OQ x~OK~. =`_ JqOÒQ H~H=
x=Q" L< P=< O|OkOz# u q+x Q~@x P"
Z@=O\ JH~O HQO_ K~. P"# O` a_ iQ}Oz#
=`_ P`# JOkOK~.
~ QO ~`@Q *f^=O `HOQ x Ò_,
~`@Q `# *Hx P=< Y~+ ZO`Q PHOHOz< P"
QOnr J#=u JO` `~Q aOK^ . P=Ox =# * H_xH
J\ QOnr JOwHiOK^. P H~}OQ `# J#=u W"eOkQ
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
P=< =~ QOnrx |u=_e =zOk. P" Q~=uQ L#C_,

P `~"` eO`Q L#C_ _ a\+ =u~H H~H x
* "_xH J#=u W"eOkQ P" QOnrx =~ H~`
=K~.
1930 y# Ô_` O^~OQ P=" _ P
H~H=O <x QOnr PHOHOK~. P ` # P=<
Ò_ W=O # b x~ÔH f<~. P# x~OÔ
LO_Q< P<~QO` ^_` 1931 _O|~ XH\# H#=~.
JO` =# P=< è _ H#=@O` P=<, u=
èÒ_# H~# "~~. P =O ~ QO ~ _
* ~. JC_ _ a_` * "O^ J#=u==x
P=< Y~+ QOnrx JiOK~.
z=~ Q[~` q^j= +~}, =^ # x+Ô H~` H\ O Q
x~} =`QOn Q[~` = J#=u WK~. P O^~OQ
P H~H= P=< Y~+ LÒQ < J=HO aOzOk.
Q[~` KOk# `c @OxH KOk# ~< ` Jb, q^
` c` H P=< P H~H= K~Q <~. D O^~ O Q
P" Z<#OK Z^~ K# J=HO aOzOk. P=<# b
J~ KQ <#O =_ = *tH qkOzOk.
XH" ~ J~ =~"# z# z# a_` LO@ _ P=<
Y~+ =Oz `QQ =iH P^~=OÒQ xeK~. D q+O
`# QOnr P" L`~O ~, z~Orq P=<, h= K ^~O
O K=x K =Ok K~, ~~. xH =i |~f
P=O OHO, tH} Ok# W=O Qi J=~ J HO_
=~ =iOk JO@ P" =~# @ P# Q~O =HOK~.
ÒÒQ=x J}z"^z# a\+ Ò L^=H~
P # [ K ^zOk. P O QOnr |~u P=x ="

x~~OK~. 1933 PQ 1# P="` i~ Q= ^~#

x~OKx x~~OK~. P ^~# [iy` J~, * tH `Ô
H#H P =O * L# ~ QO ~ ` P=< =\_ J#=u
O^~. P ^~# [~QH =O^ P="Oî b J~ K~.
P =O P=< P=O ~. P" r PÔ "~ `# =Q~
# i[# P=Ox J# < =^ K~_xH "e =zOk.
P H~}OQ P" J~ H^. P= K~O` J~~ `# J~
HH~#O^ P=< ^_~.
|~u P=O #O_ "~ P=xH ~"eOkQ [=< |**
Hi# q^@ QOnr PO^ JOwHiOK~. P =O |~u P=O
# P# i[# OH= H~H= x~} =H K~. P=
K~ P H~H= x~} J*~. P =O P=Ox
H~x~} ^`# P=< Y~+, P= |\ H~H=# QO
~ Y~+ x~OKx QOnr P Ô`# P^tOK~. =`_
P^ J#~OQ |~u P=O `# =Q~ ` H LO_@O
HO_ P= "OîH èQ JOî P=~ @ ` H ^` QOnr
JyOz# ^`# P=< Y~+ z=i =~ x~OK~.
D "~ Ò`^=O HjH ` =# QO ~
Y~+ =~ *Ho<, OQ b ^+HxH Q~#\H, QOnr
~"H} OìOK# ^~, H^# @ @^, x|^`
eÒQ Jx H_QO_# P" z~#=` iOK~. J^~} =HÒ,
^$_ OHO, H~^H` , ^~ u~OQ z=i =~ xz# N=u
P=< Y~+ 1967 H#=~.
163
164
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
PK~}`H `Qje
Q~ M`<
(1968)
*f, JO`~f ==~ @ JÒ` PH K@" HH
`# J^#O` *#~OQ i}u KOk# = *f^=O
ZO^~ Hx~. J@=O\ = "^= XH~ N=u Q~ M`<.
P<_ x*O O#O QOQ L# L<^ Q~ M`<
[xOK~. P" è ^h, Ò_ ^ n. ^=_ O=`~
= [qO^s @OxH KOk# ==^ [q~# P" q"O
K <~. q"O [iy# P~ O=`~H ~ # H~ qÒ`=~.
P `~"` JuO\ ù# P q"^ H~}OQ P" L`~^x H
LO@# `# "#== WO@ K~~.
P =O d` , x~H~} L^=O L^$ ÒQ QÒk.
P q=~# P" Z\HC_ Ò@<~. L^= "~ P"#
x=x=@O ^. P"x ^H =# P"# Ti x=@O
^. xiOQ ~x=@O^. P i` P" *f^=O
"tOK~. q^j = |+~} O^~OQ JÒ` q"# `# =#
165
^ #j~ J=^
qiOK@" HH q^j = qH Z^@ [iy# H\OQ `k`~

H~H= <~. P H~H= ~lh <_, "f
<` H x b s ^|# ~z K~.
P" L^= H~H= K~H# Q=x JOkOK@O,
x~O`~O P H~H =xy`@O [# ~zOK^. z=~
=^~} q+O _ O|On #O_ f= =u~H`# Z^~"e
=zOk. H~OQ LO\# LÔ` P" Y^~ K_^~~#
îOK~. qÒ`= JO\ =^~} K~^x O^"^
q=iOK~. JOQOQ ^~# x `Q =^~} U=Ò JO`H~O
HÔ@ P q=~# P" `K~.
d` x^HO Pk < QO H ~@# ~Q Q~
M`# J" ZO`Q< HiOK~. d` O _ HO P" `# =^# #
o<\ 50 ` |OQ~x, q"# =*# Pk < *f^=
xkH q~OQ =iOK~. D O^~OQ =# L^tOz P" KHx
O QO K a # q`# K~. P =O` = =O^
=z s Z` # x^ = i# O @# P<_ #Q ~ O
K~hO=~Ok. Q~ M`< x~O`~ J^#je. P" ~#
PK<`H ", Hq` O^~, [qO^~, OÔ O\ L~ uH
Ki`" OK#O $+OK~. P" #= _ ~~.
Q~ M`< H\ WO_ L^=O ~O ^ K K~Q
<~. @O| = H~}OQ P" =~ ^~^ ~@#
[~e~=@O` P `~"` *f^=O `H ` x~OKH
~. ~` ^ Ò` #_ L^~OKH P" ^~^ #O_
H "o~. P `~"` *u #i~}O QO OKO@,
*= x~O`~O Q_# N=u Q~ M`< 1968 " 10# `#=
KeOK~.
166
^ #j~ J=^
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
}O HO> P`Q~=O ^#=x qOz#
^` < HK
(18931970)
=`$Ô @ H =# Q ^ JH~*#O `_, P JH~
^ ^ $OY #O_ =`$qx q=HO K# ^$_
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. P" \x q^qH
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f<~. P H~}OQ P" +# <~<~. P" L~,
i< + =Oz "O aOzOk. =Oz q^` aOz# H~}OQ
P" 1910 #O_ HqÒ ~_O P~OaOK~. =O = K^ =H=@"
JOÒ` =ÒQ L# i` ^` < *f^= i` Hq`
~, =Y H=, O_` OO^<~.
167
1914 JH|~ 20# _H~ n< HK# P" q"O K<~.

P# _ Ò` =~^. q^ L#` K^= iK
WO_ =z# P# a\+ =u~H ~\ rq`x JHÒ K~.
^` <` q"#O`~O <"kQ ~=eO_ `` H
~OaOz, `~ "` J=$`~ ~ _ ~ . x` O #O_ q=H" [
Ò` ~`=x K "= ` O`+OQ Q_ x HOH ,
Hi# H~Q~"x, a\+ b ~ O# iOK~.
1919 O=`~OÒ "O #O_ |@ =KH _H~ n<
H# PiOz _`# <"^ =$ux iQ =< d` L^=xH,
*f HOQ H~H= JOH`=~. Ò`^= Ki`
[e<" Q ~ Q Mu QOz# P# a\+ ="^ K~#
f=OQ =u~HOK@O` J`kH HO * Q_~. *f L^=<`Q
=~ H~Q~" tH Q~, `# rqÒx JÒ` q"# 14
O=`~ Hx * Q_ =^# Q_# ~@ Ki` P#k. (Muslims In India, Volume II, Naresh Kumar Jain, Manohar, New Delhi, 1983, Page.
27.)
a\+ =u~H H~H H~}OQ ^` < Q$O q^ J#xÒ

b x LO_k. ^, __ P WO\H ==~. b
"kO `H_x `@O@ ZO` ^~OQ x=@" HO_, *
Q_`# ~ ^~O K|` @O|O QiOz U=Ò \OK HO_
~@ QeOkQ P" ÒK~. JO^ `Q@
Q n< HK
a\+ =u~H ~@O JQQqQ xK~.
=`<^ =# =u~HOQ ^` < HK HO \ ~_~.
|\ `=# ìq H\O>, O^=O SH` J`=~=x P"
`# HO ^~, QO ^~ =~ L^\O K~. O^=O SH`#
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=O `= eH~. P `=# `# PKiOz K~. O^
168
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
^~ Q=# P~k~ H#H "i =<"# Q~qOK# L^ O`

P" `# @O|O Q=OO =O@H# iQ x+kOK~. (Bharath Ke
=H~OQ u~Q@O. L^#=# # uHOK@O. H= P

O`+O` HiO`. Kx Q`@ K@ K~K_=.
< } "ey< < QO_ =_~Ok. < =HO "^< *
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< D J`x Z=iH K# ? < ~` < ~E H` ê
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JO^"# P ~O P KH\ PH~O. "\`< Q^ P<_ "eqi < Q\
JO^ !
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D =O` ^$O ZO` ~Q ZO` JO^Q =Ok. Hx < QO_
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U P=~O ^. < Ô, < ~` Ô QiOK < zO` PO`#. P ~A
^=_ U<\H< < H K_? ~` Ô P<_ qQ "Q
q~l=Ò^ ?
=Hb# P~O` K~ < ~`^x^x "Q
=i~ H OKx< "# Ô |=`# <# D
"_"i# =#O =O`x ~OK.
Jx =# "_O@ ^` < #H`` O+} yOK~.
D qÔQ P" ~# u Hq` ^H =# =HOK K
Ò`HOH`, =`$q L[ q+`# HOHOK~.
1914 OÒ O*| [ ~` K@O =# WH@ _ Q~.
ZC_ Z J~ [~Q`, ZC_ Z=~ J~=`~, U Ò`
=~ ^ x WO\q^ b =H q~KH _ `, ZO`\ q^ OO
$+~, U =H }xH ZC_ =Ô =OK =O^, U ~u@
Swatantra Samgram me Muslim Mahilavonka Yogdaan, Dr. Abida Samiuddin,

IOS, New Delhi,1997, Page.162)
P" KHx H=~u, =Oz ~K~u. L^=H~# L`[~

a\+ ` ~H ~[H H_ "#HQ # ZO_Q_
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#= _ ~~. P" ~# Hq` ^H< i=, `rx,
M`< O\ uH K i`=~. ` rx P" =
= q^ Quj i~` #= ~~. 1910 ~# P #=
iQ Ki`"Ok. =[O Z^~O@# = q^ `H
jiH` 191012 O=`~ JOMHOQ P" `H K~ ~~.
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~~. F Hq` x |O^< |On J~# `# Ô QiOz, K#
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169
170
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=Oz =HQ ^#OQ =# L`[~` OQ _ K~. P
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=# [OQ< ` PQxH Q~~.1919 Ki``H
[e<" Q P"_ OQO Ke LOk. P" L`[i`
O QO _ ` ~ K <~. P ~A# J=$`~ L# JO"OKh
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[e<" Q OQ}xH P" K~H~.
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|~. P# OH " J*` <xH `~e OK~. P# }
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171
[i P# tH qkOK~. P OH@ =O ^` < =\_`

< ~ tH _#O^ O`+OQ LOk. PO^ P = < OQ
}==. P# =~O< <# #_. P HO@H "# =~O
y < }# |e=_xH _ <# ~^ Ô Jx ^~eQ
H\ O K~.
O*| JH$` q^ qK~} HO =`QOn O*| =z
^` < HK# He~. P O^~OQ L^=H~ q_^ H~`,
QOnrx L^tOz D HOk Hq`# ~ P# Q~"~O =iOK~.
u $Ô h x"O LOk H^ QOn. h O P"O
H^ u l QOn! h QiOz Q~=O J# Px K@ ~. D
^@ tt~O U<\H ~^. J=$`~ " f=^YO z<~.
"iH "i HO `H aOk. ^~x q~ q_=i Ke =s. q
=~^ ~ H` O zOKe Le. * _= # " |O^q = "e.
D J~ O^~ O Q =Y *f^= < O_` [=~
<, .P~.^, q ^#O^ `k`~ ~=iOKO^ P"
WO\H =K~. P O^~OQ, =`$q ^ q=H HO Q`#
~ < ~ * H@O =HOîH Q~H~}O ` zOuOKe#^q
^x, H\Oz P <`# P~~~.
a\+ b Z`# Z^~<O^ *f^H~ tH}
W"# LÔ` _H~ HK ~[ P=O OK~. P P=x
1921 =`_ ~O`=O KQ, JO^ ~~ QÒQ O\
^ tH}
O^~. P P=O ==H J^ Q _H~ HK tH}

H~H=# x~OK~. a\+ Ò J"@Q _H~ HK# J~
KQ P# #O ^` < HK ~[ P= x~} ^`#
HiOK~. ` Q_K~ x H#O_ ÒKO@, P@OH
JkQq P" ~[ P=O |~= ^` K\ =~=OÒQ
x~OK~. (Saifuddin Kitchlew - Hero of Jallianwala Bagh, Toufique Kitchlew,
NBT, India, 1996, Page. 42)
172
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
^j L^=O QOQ P Ô` Y^~ î OK@O ~OaOK~.

^` < rqÒÒ Y^~ îOK@" HO_, P" a_ _ Y^~
^~} W+_@Q P" `~ K~. Y^~ K~O P" HjH
` =OK~. 1930 #O_ 1934 =~ y# <O# L^=O
~`@Q P" Px =" [~~. =O O^#
Q~q `~ A^ ` H P H~H= K~H # ` =OK~.
z=~ H@|@` _b "o =O ~}~ ta~O Q_e# û

~=@O` P" f=OQ Oy~. Pf, x` H< " =x
Wz<, P # M`~ K^. P #H "`=~}O
_ ~` ^ i^ ^@_xH P" W+_^.
ÒÒ aOKH _H~ n< HK Ò Z@=O\ ^qx
PkH~x PtOK^. OK Ou, HOH "=H " "
"Q K` O K Ou L^=xH <H` O =OK~. P# =i#
~[H Ja =OQ P ^` < Ô` JkH~O "Q_ `#
<` JHxH Q~~. =Y` O|O^< _H~ HK
Ô` Z@=O\ ^q x Qx, Z\ ax Hx PtOK^ . PiHO Q J=
_` z=~ x`, `= q^ P^~_# W`~ +} HO L#
P # Jq" _O` PiHO Q Q zuH~. J<~QO, îHO
"O\_`< PiH O JiOK_xH P" W+_^. ~ _H~ HK
J<~QO` ^ _ Ò_Q O_` < HeOKx zH` xqÒ P##
|=OÒQ Pu K~e# i` =K~.
P H=O ^` < JkH~ ~[H ^~" *O
xKQ~.1963 _H~ n< HK =$u KO^H P" P~QO,
PiH i` =iO`Q kQ*~~. P û _ P" Z=i =^ K~
KK^. `x zOK^. Ò _ P ^~ex P^H^.
z=~ H\H îHO =Q`, ~# zH` _ <KHH, HhO
=O^ _ H~" J<~QO` =~O y N=u ^` < HK
1970 PQ 18# H#=~.
(Saifuddin Kitchlew : Page. 139)
~`@Q *fJO`~f ==~ @, ~[H ==,

~[H PK# @ KHx J=Q#Q ^` < [, ^#OQ
=` PH~ } H O^=~. D J=Hx P" L yOKx =f,
= ^ H =## OOkOKO^ H$+ ~. =` <~O
K@O =`" HO_ "ix J=~ P^<~. P qÔ Q =`
Ja=<x OÒ K# P"# =f = =` Pr
(JH) Jx K<~.
*f^=O QOQ y# = K`# H~H= _
P" Jiq` PH K~. Jd ~` = O P" K~H#
` x~OK~. Ò`^= HO, q[# `~"` Ò` ~`
Ô = i`# "~Q~O^ P" @_~.
_H~ HK Ô` `` #O_ =O bQ "~@ "^ ~[H #
=u~HOK~. O^=O SH`# Q_OQ HOHOz# P ~~
bQ H~H~ PQxH Q~#\H `= =~O =~H^. ~` q[##
z=i H}O =~ =u~HOK~. J~< q[# [~Q@O`, =`<^xH
*f"Ô Ô J#k Jx _H~ HK K# q=~# P" =iOK~.
=`$Ô ~O_Q pe=_x P" OKH ~. P =#H
i` q[ # =# =z_# L^"x P @O|O KqK_e =zOk.
x~O`~O ^ K, Ò` HO ~_# P @OxH _
OH~
i` Z^~~. P Ô` Ph Ô_Q ^K<~.
173
=`$q,KÒ` xqÒ ~_`# < ~ rqÒ ``

D *u `, P `~"` =`" <k, =~=i^<. JO^=# < ~
rq`x Z LyOKH"#k *u[# x~~OKe.
QO ==^ PO
174
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
=Ò ~ ^ q[# `QÔ@ ' bQ # Z^~#
QO =r^ <
(1919 1974)
a\+ =# ìq"` ~@O y# [#, k*u
ÔÒ P~` pe, =`<^x ~KQ\ |O Q_H"# ~~
, = =u~HOQ _ [ L^qOK~. ~`Ôx
=O uxkQ H\ O K# =O bQ "~@"^ K~ =u~HOQ
*ax _Q\, =Ò ~` JkH~x K\#O@#
Z`# z`K_xH O` |iH ky# N=u =r^ <.
` PO^^ ~[^x ^~^ QO =r^ < 1919
[xOK~. P" Ò_ = J=^. P# x*O O#O L^y.
^= `~Qu K^=`#C_ P" q"O L`~ ^ KOk# <"k
==^ nv` [iyOk. q"O `~"` ~`@Q P" L`~ ^
"o~. ~ @O|O` x` O|O^ Q =Y *f^=
< ~ J=^ H^ =O` P" ~` *f HOQ Ò
HiOK~.
175
^ #j~ J=^
K,Ò` kQ Q`# *f^=O O~ q[O

kOz ~[O O KO>, [ =` JfÒQ SHO H"e LO^x
P" qOK~. P H~}OQ =Ò ~` "~@"^ ~[H #_`#
=O bQ < f~`## q=iOK~.1936 [iy# F ^~#
*f"^# HO^~ = U~@ K# P*^ =O bQ P"
Q=~. P*^ bQ P^~O [iy# ^~# P" <~.
D O^~OQ =ObQ Jk<` ==^ Jb l< =u~HOQ QO
=r^ < x#kOK~.
1935 ~` K@O H~OQ Ô ZxH [~Q`<~. ~`
*f HOQ [Oî uxkQ ZxH ~OQO kQQ, =ObQ `#
=O uxkQ H\OKOk. P ZxH H = x[H=~O
#O_ =r^ < *f HOQ JiQ \ K~. P" =O bQ
J i QO W<O c|` \ _~ . D ZxH =< Jb ^~
XH~# =< H` Jb `k`~ =Y < bQ Q# HOH
K~O yOK~. D O^~OQ =< H` Jb Y~< QO^x K`
|x ZxH K~O K [ #O_ "Q#O K~OKH=_x |\, bQ
P ZxH# ZO` u`HOQ fO^ J~O KH=K.
*f HOQ J i =r^ < H # HOQ <` , H q^~
K~O K~. =` =~ O H~` =O bQ <` "^## ~HO
K =r^ ~`> q` ~@# [i~. P ZxH H=O
175 F@ `_` P" F@q KO^~. J~< ZxH [[` U
=Ò xqÒ O_ O^=O SH` x<Ô` =O^ Q~.
Ò` ~Ò J=ìOKH, ^= JkH ^#`xz, z=i
H}O =~ =`=~O HO H$+ K *= Q_# N=u =r^
< 1974 |=i 12# c~ ~+O ~|OH H#=~.
176
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
K~H _ ~ @Oc` H ~@ #_z# J=HO P<\ Ò`

=~^ K Hk =OkH aOzOk. J@=O\ J^$xH <K#
JuHk =Ok XH~ ~< `c.
Q[~`x O# `c @O|O ~< `c 1900
[#=i 27# [xOK~. P" è Pq< `c (18661942), Ò_
[ J `c (18541936). P# QOnr K Q[~u =[O Q
=|_# =Y Ò` =~ ^ .1885 WO_ < <+# HOQ
# [iy#\ #O_ `c @Oc JO^ . P" x`
O|On [ |^n< `c (18441906) WO_< <+# HOQ
J^Q xKQ `c O@O|Ox =~ =
*f^=O =Y ` =OK~.
~< Ò_ [ J `c, è Jq< `c =`x
<`$Ò` y# H~H= <~. P" è Q[~` =
P^~O y# H~H= OQ <HÒ =OK~. `c

@O|Ox uXH~ K =~ U^qÔQ *f^=O
Q=~. P H~}OQ `c @O|O Ò`^=^
@O|OQ Ki` `H #O OkOk.
Mu KOk# Ò`=~^ @O|O [xOz# ~<
` c OHO P "`=~}O yOk. P WO@ u XH~ L^=H~
H=@O, P WO\H =K Ju^ _ P @# #_# ^ H=@O`
z#<@< ~ < $^ O K, Ò` " Q_O Q <@<~.
P "`=~}O eÒQ ~< `c _ x |O^< #O_ q=H
HO Q`# ~@ kQ xOK~.
P^xH q^`@Q O^H q^# JOz# ~<
Q_+< K@O`@Q POQO, On, Q[~f, L~ + =Oz
g}O OkOK~. `c O@OxH =`QOn x`
H=@O` z#<@< ~< QOnr iKO HeyOk. P## `=
@O|O x F ^Q `c iQ}OK~. P#` `= @O|
==~# _ KiOz f# O^~<~. QOnr P"#
`# =~Q qOK~. P" O|OkOz# u q+O P# ZO`
^ K~. QOnr `# L`~ P"# u, z~Orq, ~<
\Q , \ ~ <, Lk , Q ~ <, e \ Jx OkOK~.
=`x "QO P=O ~< `c HO` HO Q_~.
P O^~ O Q P" QOnrH L~ + <~~. P `~ "` _ P" QOnrH
`~K L`~ ~ P q+ O q^ ZO` ^K ~. P" #O_ L`~
PO^H=_O ZO` P#O^^H=x QOnr KC <~. P" #O_ L`~
~=@O J"` P# ZO` "` KO^~. D q+x P"
~# XH L`~O, h L`~O JOÔ> < =# QO^~QOQ LO@Ok
Jx ~~. P H~}OQ P"# Lk Jx `# L`~
OkOK~.
~< `c `à+. P" Jx =` @ =# Q~=O
177
178
QOnrH L~ + <i# =Oz H=~u
QO ~< `c
(19001975)
*f^=O ``, è` O _`@Q =`" HO_ "\x O@
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
K~. Jx =` Q=O`_ K~ =~x P" qOK~. =`

JfÒQ =#=O` XH>#x, ^~O =#= SH` OKO^
^^_<~. =`x "Q=O L# =O JH_ [iy#
~< =" Jx =` O|OkOz# ~< w`#, KHx
HO~O` Q#O K@O P" k#K~Q =iOk. P" Y~< ~#O JOî
P@Ok. u ="O P" Y~< ~#O `HOQ Qk. =`
QOn P"K` Y~<# KkqOKx ^Q q<"~.
=` =~O kOK, Ô ` @ == Q ~ < =Ò
i@ H, =` =^ ~} [iy` qq_~. =`~}
x"~}, Ou =~ # x~O`~O H$+~. P" `Ò
=`=~O, O^=O SH` =~ iqÒ H^. P" ùH`
q=#= ^~=O kQ yOk. D "~ K~H~H=# _
P" x~OK~. P" #, K## HiOKO^, OQ#,
~< w`# q<O^ [ ^ OY H~H= [~"~.
O^~OQ P ="O P" ^# ` =OK~. 1930 U 11#

~< `cH QOnr F Y ~ =^#O, q^j == |+~}
`k`~ JO q^ Q[~` = ="O U~@ K<#. P
="xH h=, q J=Q~ ` H [~H"e Jx H~~. P ="xH
~< `# è Jq< `c`@Q [~~.
~`^xH =~^~H"# D L^=O O^~OQ =#
O\Ò KO^ ~< `H ^` HiOz P |$`~ qH#
x~iOK~. P =O HOQ =[# qQO ` bQ P"
<HÒ =<~. P ^ =`x P^ "~ P"
H~H <~. D L^=O O^~ O Q P" =~ J~
~.
D L^=O <Ô Q[~` = HOQ H# ="O
f~<# `xH Z~H~O^ ~< `c, Jq< `c,
P=< Y~+ O`H`@ "Ò q^ 24 =Ok = O`H`
_# =[~# " ~H O~. P =[~ ~ < ` c O`Hx
_ QOnr H~_O ^~ P" ^#` "_~Ok.
1942 <\ H\ WO_ PO^# P" HjHOQ <~.
D O^~OQ T~yO x~# P"# Ò J~ K O=`~O
* tH QiKOk. Ò`^= x~Q P" s ^|#, *
tH# J#qOK~. J~, s ^|, *, Ò`^=H~
`~Q qOz# ~< `c z=i =~ *f^=O
q~="~QH <~.
~=#= ^~"xH, qOu i~H}, xÒ #O_
=`$Ô q=H HO z=i H}O =~ L^qOz# QO ~< `c
1975 " 16# Jq"`Q H#=~.
(Bharath Ke Swatantra Samgram me Muslim Mahilavonka Yogdaan : Page. 250)
~< `c KHx H=~u. P" OQ ~< w`#

~~. Jx =` O|OkOz# ~< w`# P" OQ ~ _
a qxOz OO^# \<~. P" "QO #O_
"oH _ QOnr P" L`~ ~ =s ~< w`#, Q[#
`HOQ ~~OK# O^~<~. h ~< w` q#x^ <
QO_@O ^, h= =z _ qxOK Jx QOnr P" ~# L`~
~<~O> P" w` P## ZO`Q PH@< Òk. P"
H=O ~<w` =`" ~^. *f^=O QOQ
L^=H~# L`[~O^ L^= w` _ ~~. P @#
~` *f HOQ , =" "kH q^ #O_ _ qxOK~.
*f^=O QOQ P" èÒ_` H H~H=
<~. Q[~` =^# x+^ PO^#, q^j== |+~}
L^= x~} Q[~` = ="x QOnr U~@ K#
179
180
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
*HH =@O JK~OQ qOz#
QO Ys^ M*
(18961981)
*f^ O * " @O ^ `Q u XH~ qOK~. *
ZC_C_ ^=x Z^~ K~. U H~}OQ<< J~ HH=@O,
* " H =@O ^ JK~OQ iQ}O K~. * HH=@O JK~OQ
qOz *HH P#O^x =HO K# @O P<_ Z< L<~.
J@=O\ L^=iQ @O| ~ QO Ys^ M*.
` PO^^ ~[^x ^~^ #Q~O QO Ys^ M*
1896 [xOK~. P" Ò_ ~ |O^ [OQ. P# H~ ^#
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=## O^~. ("~ r=< H K ^ (On), _H~ [_.ZO. J^,

~` H=x s, H, 1997, r.132)
a\+ `xH =u~HOQ ~@O K# ^ QiOz
z#<@< [~ QO q<~. b JkHi J~# Ò_`@Q P"
q~\ #Q~O L<~. P =O q~\ @H O|OkOz#
q=H~# x~OÔH fx P" x"O LO@# |OQ OÒ
LOK@O [iQk. P "`=~}x Q=xOz# P" P q=H~ Z=~#
q+O q^ PH iy Ò_x J_Q~. P# =^#O K<
"~uH ^~ "~O` a\+ `x =u~H# ^x
`<~. D "~ èiQ a\+ `xH =u~HOQ ~_`#
^ ~H iKO P" aOzOk.
P" JaxH =u~HOQ J| [q M<` [~ q"O
[iyOk. P q" |OÔ ZO`HO x=^. ~ J| [q M<
L#` ~ b JkHi H=@O` *f, Ò`" Q [~
J`x` ^~^. J\H P Ô` qM< J# =~_ HeQ_.
=~_ Hey< _ P b ~` P" QH=@O` Ò_H
q+O è 1932 ~ #O_ q_ f<~.
P `~"` Ò_ Ò`1933 `# a_` qÔ
HO [~ O_< "~. O_<x =O\i H qÔ
yOK~. WOQO_ *f ", ="^ " Q *^ [~,
*# an< O\ = |$OÔ` P" iK O HeyOk. P iK O
^~ H=x `x J^#O K# P" ="^ ÔÒ @
Ja=#O, a\+ =["^ @ =u~H` OK<~.
=`$Ô #O_ a\+ =["^ # " Q>O ^ qOKx
x~~ OK<~. P H=O JO`~f ~ [iy# , =",
K~ x a\+ =["Ô, ^HOH =u~HOQ =\_,
OQ K# [~ a\+ =u~H L^=H~ `H QiO
195
196
*f^=H~, =r= JH
[~ P
(1910)
~` *f^=O Q=# =~ = XH"#
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
~, `~` [~
aOzOk. O_< Fi [iy# "_ O^~OQ P" Z~*O_ K`\
ZO` ^~x î, T~yO JQQ# x|_ K~# Ò
P~KH`# K~.
W@b [iy# JO`~f " #O P" <~. JO`HO_
a\+ =["^xH =u~HOQ, ^x =u~H l [iy#
JO`~f ="O P" ~f uxkQ Q=~. P
H=O 1935 ~f qî |$OÔ ~eQ [~ QO q\
~ "~. D qÔQ ~ OîOz# "@"^\ ~f =O
=Q QO [~ Mu Q_O K~. (Bharath Ke Swatantra Samgram me
Muslim Mahilavonka Yogdaan : Page. 281)
O_< x =O\s H _= ~
H [~ WO_
uiy =K~. WO_ ~Q< 1935 Hx H~=` < eH
197
^ #j~ J=^
H J^ ~eQ ^ ` HiOK~. P H XH " # L^QO

K , =~H" # .. *+ `k`~ =Y L^=H~` H H=x
s ~ H~H x=Q=~. 1935 =Y Hq *^ [~`
H Jd ~` J^ ~K~` O U~@, ^= ="O
x~} x P" P O ==H ~~.
1935 =Y q^"`, H=x <_ _H~ *#n<
J=^# [~ q"=_~. _H~ [_.Z. J=^Q ^_#
P## P" `` O_< H<~. _H~ J=^ WO_ =KH
P# _ H=x s xK P" x`~. P q"O
1935 " 20# ^ *^ [~ Ò_ H H~ ^# <kHi
^ =r~ Q$O [iyOk. P<\ #O_ ~~ J@ ~[
^#, W@ =r= OH=O HO L^qOK~.
1935 OÒ QO [~, _H~ *#an< ~` *f
HOQ Ò HiOK~. ~ OQ ` =u~H H~H K~Q
==i# P Ô` b JkH~ ^$+ _~. P H~}OQ
L^Q ~r<= Wz iH L^=H~~. _H~ ~^*
<HÒ *^ [~, _H~ J, _H~ [_.Z. J=^ ` H
b H Q x+k` H=x s H~H`@Q ~` *f
HOQ H~H=# _ P" =~=OÒQ x~OK~.
H=x s q^ x+Ô èQH sH =# = H~H~
LO_@" J~^# P ~A QO [~ s <~eQ ^`
K\ x~OQ x~OK@O q+O. L`~^ H=x s ^=
="O x~} ^# ` +Oz# P" P `~"` J^ Hq\
H~îQ ^` x~OK~.
1936 O_\ [=~ < *f HOQ J^H
Jd `~ *f HOQ# ==~OQ |Ò K^K<~. P
^HO QOQ *f HOQ J#|O^ O# P#
198
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
~OkOK~. J O^~OQ [~ [#K`# H~H= x~}

^`# P# JyOK~. P" ~ _H~ J=^ PiH qQO
^`# H\~OK~. QO [~ D J=Hx qxyOKx,
JqOÒQ O` ~\Oz, `# OQ` a\+ `xH
=u~HOQ [# K` # ~~. ^ #OQ =# L^qO K @O
P" kOz# Qu ZOîH P^~"Ok.
P<_ [iy# ZxH x, ~` *f HOQ J~
Q [~ QO H~}=~. ~` *f HOQ ="
x `# Ja# x+~Q =HO K <, [ O#
JO^<~. P" HO`HO HOQ +e s ~eQ ^`#
x~OK~. P<_ "=H " Q ~` *f HOQ <Q
[~ Ô` QiOK|_~.1937 " PO^^x H`@O
[iy# ~[H tH} ta~O J^~eQ # QO [~ ~+
[ _ iz`~.(=Y Ò` =~ ^ ~H \a
~=~= (q["_) Qi #O_ =K~O)
z#<\ #O_ Z@=O\ eOQ q=H`# JOwHiOKx =#ÒQ
[~ P q=H` =u~HOQ ~\ K_xH "#H_^. 1938
OÒ P" =~ b= Q~O L#C_ =O xqÒ J^
x PuH "Q JH_ POQ " ~HO H~, ~f
<~HO U~@ [~Q`# f~# K Q~=Ò_ _ P q=H`
=u~HOQ L^qOK~. = O x~# _H~ HiOKO^ #iOQ
qQO = HO_ ~+ =`" LO_@O @ P" JO`~O
=HOK~. Pu = #~# xqOKx [~ _=O_
K~. #iOQ qQO = U~@ [iQO` =~ P" q[=OÒQ
PO^# K~. P PO^# = #O_ =Oz =^` aOzOk.
*O^# f=`~O H=@O` P q+O O_` [=~ *HO
KH"e =zOk. ("~ r=< H K ^ (On) r.166168)
1940 OÒ [~ QO , _H~ J=^ ~` *f HOQ

s #O_ |@ =K~. J\#O_ P W~=~ H=x s
H~H= iQ x=Q=~.JO\` Hi# O\Ò K
HiH O# OK@O ^# qH x~OK~. D H=O
P" J^ ~ b OO OK~. JO`=~ Z=~ _
~b = \OK# "~~. J ~b OO U~@
K#"~ H=@O` ~ b OO x~`Q P" ~b
Q~"a=<# JO^<~. P H~}OQ ~ b P"# `= =HQ
H\OK<~. D H~H= P" J^ KOk# J|
* HiOK~. ("~ r=< H K ^ (On) r.200) D O^~ O Q
P" q^ ^_ [iQ~. P"# KO`=x kiO =K~. QO
[~ J kiO
_ ^ . P =^H~ i` J^x
~b JO_Q xz P"# ~HOK<~.
QO [~ = Hi OH=O @ `H ^ K~.
= K`#O HO =" x~OK~. =`<Ô =#
HeQ J#~# q=i [# K`#~O^ q+OQ H$+ K~. =`
=~O kOK~. O^ =O SH` HO xK~. #`#
HiH O U~@, P Hi ~H}, OH=O HO x~O`~O
qOK~. =$^x _ H K H QO [~ =[= <~.
* r=#~OQx\x $tOz, `#^# =# JOkOz# N=u
[~ QO Q~"~O 1960 q\ x< [iy# H"_ x<
` [Ou L`" O^~OQ P" O q\ Ec J"~
H\ O K~. O_ = _ QO [~ Ô` H+r = OH = O
HO PqOÒQ H$+yOK~.
199
200
^ #j~ J=^
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
K_. (Bharath Ke Swatantra Samgram me Muslim Mahilavonka Yogdaan :

Page. 272)
P l=n< =~_ Mr #r=n< _ *f^=H~_.

a\+ `xH =u~HOQ *f HOQ =~^~HO L^qOK~.
q~\ #Q~OQ `= @O| =Ou HO` Qx d`
x~H~} L^= H~x U~@ K<O^ ~` *f
HOQ ^Y K~. q~\ #Q~ HOQ 27 O=`~ @ J^ xQ
P# ^ ` x~OK~.(Encyclopedia of Muslim Biography, Nagendra
= H~H~K PÔ îOK# =~je
< ` J<i
n~OQ y# ~` Ò` OQ= Ki`# iH, =
=u~HOQ =``, ``, Ò_, `# L^qOz# @O
K ` =Q ^~ #q~. ^x ~~ #O_ q=HO K #
OHO s #O_ "~ÒQ aOK@O, P "~ =`$q =
ìOK@O O\ =`~ J=HO aOz# @OxH KOk# `# QO
< `.
< ` =`` Mr l=n< _b #Q~ MrQ ^`
x~< ~. 1857 P# P ^q H ~r<= K a\+~ =u~HOQ
u~Q@ ^ HiOK~. ^= Ò` OQ= <x H M <
q^ P=^ O<xH "_xH "Q ^ |^~ [~
x~HiOKH, H M< _b #O_ `# |Q` P=^ " Q~. P Q
_b iQ POQ
=" O k. P =O POQ
x H Q P=^
#"# HM<, P# |Q _b #O_ `CH_xH Mr l=n<
_~. P q+O `# POQ JkHi _< l=n<
q^ =O__` P# Q$O q^ ^_K_. P# qÔO
201
Kumar Singh APHPC, New Delhi, 2001, Page. 485)
P #r=n< @ P# =~_ Mr |+~n< #_K~. P#

_ *f^=O <~. P Mr |+~ n< =~ < `.
D qÔQ =`` ^= ÒÒQ= ^_ H=@O, ``, Ò_
*f HOQ =Y H=@O` KÒ` =# <
z#<@< iK=~. `` Mr #r=n< n~HO ~` *f
HOQ q~\ #Q~ J^Q ^` x~OK@O =# P# WO\H
O_` "f <, =< ==^ Jb, =< H` Jb, H=^q
K\^, =< J| HO J*^, [=~ <, =<
J`= Mi, _H~ n< HK , =< A
~=< O\ =Y
~HH LO_q. P H~}OQ `` ^Q~ LO@, P#, P# Ju^
~ K Q_ # < ` z#<@< =Y < iK O
HeyOk.
P iK, P `H ~[H "`=~}O < `
=~j " JO~~} K~. P" WO\x `~KQ b
=z^ x~OK@O` P" b O HQ, a\+ Ò
@ =u~H` Q iyOk. z#`#O< P" `` Mr #r=n<` H
HOQ O@ =K~. P `# =^~ HO~O`
*f"` xO_#, ^H` Hq` qx aK +
202
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
JxOK<~. P" `` Qi `H tH} z# z# OQ K@O

_ J"@ K<~. P<_ q~\x A= =^ P" J^`
OQO K |_|_ <`# J|~~~.
z#<@< <HÒ H}# îOz `# D_ ` H
` H ^x U~@ K x , =" [~Q#C_ P H~H=
qK# <`, a =OkOK@O P" J"@. D H=O P"
*f HOQ KO ^ qH ^ <H` O =OK~. P" qÔ
K#C_ ~ `HOQ lH >xOQ Ok L#O^# P KO^
qH ^ lH \<\ HO `H tH} `~Q`# _ P"
x~OK~. =` s u@O <~~. D "~ q~\ #Q~Ox
O O , *f HOQ <, = <` P" =#
LyOK<~.
P" îHOQ xQi+~#\H qa# =` H"
rq# "`=~}O ~@ J=~=x qOK~. L^=#,
~\# =Ò P~`, =Ò ~` ~OkOK_x =u~HOK~.
O^=O SH` D K~ qÒ HeOKQ=x Ja_~.
=O `H O, ~[H s U~@# x~OK~.
193334 OÒ _bx J~aH H =O =
="O [iyOk. P ="xH ^ Z`# U~@ [iQ~. ^ "OQ
L# =YOîH P< "~. P P< "~ =Y =
<` =" qK~. P =" q~\ ux^Q î
* ~ QO ` H QO < ` <~. P ="O H\ O z#
L^ xH a#OQ =O qî# HO =O qî# =Y U~@
` P~O=~. P ` < ^s=} #K^.
D "~ "\# f~<x < `, P" K QO *~
QO f=OQ u\OK~. P f~#O `QÔ@ P" "^# "\~.
P u@#, P" yOz# O"Ô ="O n~ K~
H~}=~. =O bQ <` =~^ ~ H` O y# P ="O <

` "^# gy~. =O J~LO> =ObQH K~ JO@
="O Xu_ =z< *f^=H~ "~# P ^s=} P
Xu_ `"Q^.
1942 ~O"# H\ WO_ L^=O <\H =uQ
~O`~O KOk# QO < ` L^=O #@O P~OaOK~.
P<_ =O =O\ =Oî q^ POH LO_q. =
~HOQ H~ JOkK@O =~ H~H iqÒ. P
H~}OQ P" i ~ HOQ H~H= x=QO HH~.
JO^= P" _ `HOQ H~H= #O_ ~HOQ
L^=H~ _@ O HO `#^# H~H# ~OkOK<~.
*f HOQ "~ ^~#, H\OQ, T~yO,
<O# H~H= x~# O^~OQ b ^+H Q~#
L^=H~ =OkOK_xH < ` J`kH PH K~. D
"~ =`` XH "^x OK~. D Ô XH" "
H~H=# x~<, =~H" a\+ `x zH ~ K~#
ZO` ÒQ yOzOk. a\+ b q^ ^ H<=Oz,
JkH~ ~HH QiOz Z\HC_ Ò@ P =K~x
L^=H~ `@"HH L^= Hi~ Q _ P" ~"H}
^ xK~.
D O^~OQ Z^~ =^H~ i` #O_ |@ _O^
=` P^# îOKx, P`~H} HO ~@ ^`#
=` <~x QO < x~~ OK~. P "~ `` Mr #r=n<
H~O` "^ Oî HO ` HOQ P^# ` ~ K~Oz,
"\x yOK_O _ tH} WOK~. Jx"~ i` Pù
KH_xH _ #ÔQ LO_@Q =#HOQ "ix `~
K~. J~` P `~"u HO P`` x~O `C_ x~=x P"
203
204
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
JOwHiOK~.
1942 OÒ QO < =`x "QO HO`HO
L<~. `` Mr #r=n<` H P" QOnr =~^~HÒ
H~H= x~} <~. "QO L#C_ P" QOnrH =iO`
x`=~. P" QOnr H, L`~# L~ + `~=
K P# _~. P" =~`, OH|O Q=xOz# QOnr
P"# Q ÒK~.
^j L^=O QOQ y# q^j ==, =^# qH
=^ [iy# "\OQ H~H= < ` K~Q <~.
=`x =O ZO`Q L<, Ò` " Q P" Hx q+
P#` UHqOKH "^# ky z=~ QOnr K`< + JxOK#
O^~ _ L<~.
P<_ H~z [~Q## *f HOQ =" O^~OQ
=HQ ` `Q x F x=O HO_ F hu J#iOK# u^#
QiOz uH K~ [~QÒk. P K~ <^ O < ` QOnrH
Y ~~. P Y HOQ u^## P# ^$+H `, =HQ`
`QO x=O HO_ hu Jx qOz#@~` Jk QO^ =~xH
q~Ô H^? Jx QOnrx P" tOK~. P =^#OQ 1942
[#=i 27# < ` QOnr OQ Y ~ D q+O
q^ h JaO ~#k Jx ~<~.
Fi L~ + =O + Jx QOnr J#@Q uH =zOk.
Jk K# < ` QOnr` qk, L~ =O + U=Ò
H^, Wk ~fOki + HQ q~ ZO^H<~x tOK~. P
=^#OQ <# J J#^ . UOKÔ ? uH K q+
`C ~<~ Jx P# < =^#O Ke =zOk.
1946 P" H x", O_` @O|O #O_ =z#
` J<s` q"O [iyOk. P# L#` q^=O`_, Q
u"`, ~K~ `, [~e. Jx\ HO> *f^= < =Y.

~ K~O XH"# *f^=O O@ J\H Q_+<
i K# J" [~e[O tH} O^~. ~~ *f"^ H=@O`
*f^=O K~H# `# x~OK~.
QO < ` J =u~HOQ
L^qOK~. L~ i~H}^=xH ZO`Q< K`xK~.D
H ^# HO JOA=< `~dL~ Anjuman Taraqqi-e-Urdu)J#
O# OK~. P O ==H J^~eQ P" xK~. L~
+# ~HOKx, P +# Ja=$k~x _=O_ K, 20 H
O`H` L`~^ ~+ `xH s =[~ =iOK~.
= K` # *` "eyOKO^ < ` =
O#, O# OK~. P O Ò MYQ qiOz
= OH=O HO H$+ K<~. =` =~xH @_`, =`
=_xH, J*<xH =u~HOQ ~_`, = O, *
O =~^~HÒ = < ` J<i J+ *hHO
=a=< `~.
205
206
Ò` =~^ #< Hi Jk < =`$^ HH <# Ys^

H\#@ HQ^. JO^=# #< <H^. J| "l^.
^ #j~ J=^
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
=`QOn uH O_ HO ==^ L=~ x =^ ~Q

`# K|H# PHz W+"z#O` ~H=<~. QOnr H
~# ~Q JO^ P# O`+OQ JOwHiOK~. P `~"`
d` O_ HO d` <` L=~ xx H=Q "iH _
P# H~ q~O W=@" HO_ d` H~O U~@
`# O` =Oux JyOK~. P `~"u HO P =Ou d`
Q =|_Ok. (Muslims In India, Volume -II, Naresh Kumar Jain, Manohar,
New Delhi, 1979, Page : 162).
P i` @O @O L^=O OK<~. a\+

= H~`H# HKH ~@# #_K~. J@=O\
@O|O ~eQ ` e ` O _ , J<` = @y J@
*f^=O W@ "~OQO Jkf"# ` x~Oz# =
N=u u= W~.
<\ Q[~` ~+O O~H KOk# ^ Ò`^= <
r ==^ x =~ QO u=. P" @O|O O#
"q< =OxH KOk#k. P" J# ==^ L=~ x. z##
==^ L< x. L=~ x O~ =Y "~"`. P
W~=~ ^~ _ Ò_ =~O q=H ~@ @ =O^ Q~.
*f^= H~H *=Q QO^ J=~=Q PiH +x
JOkOK@O P ^~ =O^<~. P<_ iQ q~ JO^K`
^#OQ L=~ x Mu Q_OK~.
==^ L=~ x K L^~ =. *f^= H~H=

x~} J=~= Q x^ JO^K` `<C _ ^= #O LO_#k
P# Ja=Ò. P H~}OQ L^=< P# O Hi=
JOî HO> JkH "`x JOkOz P#OkOK@O P# J"@. P
J"@ `Q@Q "~O P# J~OQ PiOK~. P H=O F
=O P# O^ kQ}H$`"Ok. P `~"` ^~^$+=` =~\
< J#OQ H\k ~# P# #+ ~. P #+O ` P#
Q Oy~. *H~ H~H, ^#OQ *f^=xH
PiH O JOkOK@O =O^ LO_H ~#O^# P# * rqÒ
#O_ ^~O H"#<~. (Muslims In India, Page : 162).
P qÔQ * rqÒ #O_ ~[H #O_ ^~"# xx
"~O =z# J~#+O HeOz# "^# HO> [, L^=H~,
*f^=xH `# UqÔ Q# L Q_ H # kQ P#
JkH=~Ok. P ^` `=`=` 36 O=`~ = 1926
E 6# P# H#=~. P O^~ O Q, His untimely and sudden death
has removed a patriot from the country Jx "Mx =`QOn OQ
WO_ P# x"iOK~.
J@=O\ L^~ $^, `Qj~ @O|O QO u=
1903 |=i 4= `n# [xOK~. P" Ò_ x, ^~
207
208
ô` [# `+, e =u~H ~@^~
'^N u= W~
(19031987)
*f^=O ~f =`~ "``~` ~}~Ok.
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
L=~ x, L< x _ *f^=H~. P *f^=

<` Q~ \Q iy# =i u= z#`#O #O_ a\+ =u~H
"# }H K<~. J<x, J^~ x U=Ò OHKO O_
^~OQ Z^~=@O Q}OQ P" ZkQ~. KÒ` @ ==
Z=. J` PK~, O^ P" =u~H. H~`H"<
#H~`H"< `# Jax xsuQ H\OK@O P" J"@.
1919 P" x~ H Oa_ iK 1920 O~ qqÔ
#O_ "\+< J``= =~` Lf~` O^~. L~, POQ
+ =Oz q^`# kOK~. 19211923 q< "^q^
K^=_xH "o# P" Jx"~ H~} =# "^q^# JO~OQ
=k~.
` L#`^y < W~# P" q"=_~. P#
_ Ò`^=a=x. ~ Ò` Ò`^=O QOQ
y# ^j L^=O #@O ^~ u= W~ *f^=
~OQ"O K~. ^j ==# qH~O KO^, q#` U~@ K
[, =Y ^$+x PHiOK~. q^j ==# |+iOK=x H~@O
=`" HO_ ^j L``# [ JO^@ LOK#<~.
P PK# ~=@" `~"~ ~x F `H y ^j ==yx
xOx P =yx [ JO^@H `, ^j L^= O^x
" K~. ^j L^=O H jHOQ #@" HO_, ^jK
\~ i= # P" H$+ ~.
1934 =*^~ } QOQ =# K` # =Oè K O \`
~ O^ O , O O K~. JOA=< W x = ^~
qu J# O# OQ P~OaOK~. 1935 P" Jd ~` =
="xH H~îQ x ~. O~ =O = =[#
q^ "HZO` H$+K~. O#, " O# Oz, P
O Ja=$kH qOK~. D "~ = *Q$uHO K# H$+
eÒQ 19371940 =^ P" Jd ~` = H<~<

H~î ^` aOK~.
P H=O 1940 O~ L"< Hx KOk# |~ quH
L^ ~~. P ^q P" Hi @O = i` #
"~Q~ O^ uOK~. P" OQ H~Q~ K@H LO@#
Hi"_ "o HiH @O =` "i = q^ KiOK~.
P = =# `HOQ K P = i~xH PK~}`H
=~# z = Ja=<x K~Q<~. D O^~OQ Jd
~` Qq}^Q OO U~@ <^ "~. =`
`= `==`# = `= =# `= i+iOKO@, PiHO Q
|Ò JO^ \~ i=#, Ku =$`# ÒK~. P
H$+ QOQ = OH=O# U~@ K~.
1942 ~O"# H\ WO_ L^=O u= W~
Hj` =OK~. D L^=O b J~# ÒKO@
P" xK~. XH^ P" J*Ò H "~. 1940 ~O ~, 1943
O~ [iy# Jd ~` *f HOQ =" u= W~
[~~. Y^~, ^j L^= K~O, ^j L`` Ò,
O^ =O SH` ^# HQ ZOKx P" =O^ Q~.
D H ^# HO yOz# ` QOQ P" O`#
OîOK~.
H\ WO_ L^=O u= W~ K~H# Q=O
=O _Q 1944 OÒ P" =~ e i# _O k. P H~}OQ
=~ Jq\`< xH Q~ O k. a_ Jq\Q =~@O` u= W~ f=OQ
H` KO^~. e i}= #O_ P"# H_< `
Hk e ~H i# _ qHOQQ =~`# ûx
Q=xOK~. ~# zH` x P "k #O_ # H_<O^
"=O XH> H~}=x `# P" P kQ `# a_ q^ Q
209
210
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
K~. P" Q è`xK~. ^x` e ~` =*x

U~@ K_O ^=x P" qO HeyOk. H+^"# P =`~
H^# iH = J=~=x P" qOK~. P H}O #O_
P" y# a\+ =u~H ~\xH `èHOQ K e #O_
a_ # H_O^ e q^ PqO` ~@O O^ #_OH\~ .
P" QÒ "^G qî H=@O` e x"~}, xO`}
H~H= q^ ` HOQ tH}
O^~. O~H KOk# _H~ eQ`
He e ~QQ# a_ "=O ^~ e# #O
KO^ 1947 XH O# ~OaOK~. P O HO e ~QQ
a_ P~QO HO u= W~ i Hx qxyOK@O
~OaOK~. O_` < @OxH K xÒQ "eQ~. P
@O|O H~` e x"~} O# , P O H~H=#
=iO`Q qi OK ~.
D H=O îHO, J<~QO \_# Hi#, J*#O,
PiH |#`` x HO> ^~~OQ |`b_# =#,
OH J=#`, =lH ^~K~#, JO@~x`#O` JÒ`
#OQ K_|_`# ô` [#=^ uQ`# JuqO #O_
Q=xOK~. P J"OKh i` =eH =~HO xK@O
P~OaOK~. D kQ P" `# rq`x iQ JOHÒ K~. = r=
H# ~\ K~. P~QO, i` q+ K`#O HO H$+
~. H~Q~ "`=~}O, i` @ `H ^ K~.
*f JO`~f O "~, e "k x"~}
fH"e# K~#, a_ @ fH"e# `H *Q`# q=i
q^j ~@# [i~, P" OQ K@ tH} O^~.
Ô OK|_# KO^ " O K`xK~. e
_` =`" HO_ JOQqHOQ L^~} _ P" H$+K~.
qHOQ Ò #O_ ^ HQ*O^ P" x~O`~O
qOK~. qHOQ " HO^ ## ÒK~.

D "~ J@ e q^ JqO` ~@O K , W@ =lH
~Q` =u~HOQ u~Qx Ô H\Oz# u= W~
PK~}`H =# QiOz# ~` Ò 1957 ^N J"~`
Q~qOzOk. ô` [ q^ H#Q`# =lH q=H` =u~HOQ
~_` ô` [<=o J#u HO P" yOz# H$+ Q=xOz# ô`
[ OQ 1972 ô`q` J"~` P"# ìOK<~. D
qÔ Q Ô < HO_ q^ _ P" Q~=`~ aOK~.
J"~ P" O`=~. P qÔQ aOz# ~~x\x
P" =~^~HÒ Q`# "O PiH i+H qxyOK~.
*"~OQ *f ~< HO_ JO`~f ~
`H QiO Ok, Ò` =~^=Hi}Q, e xO`}
Jq~ H$+ e# ^~eQ, ~f `= O=~eQ,
MuQOz# u= W~ 1979 ~[ ZxH~. D ^q
1985 =~ xK~. ~[ ~eQ _ P" O " H~H=#
q$ÒQ H#yOK~.
D qÔQ rq` K~=OHO =~ *= Q_# N=u u=
W~ 1987 JH|~ 11# H#=~.
211
212
< ~ J~ =# OQ d` Hq\ H~H= x~} U~_#

Mmx < H$+` s K#. P# WH_O> [iQ #h ^`ÔQ
[~Q`x Ò@<#. QÒ < ~ x~OÔ L#C_ <
H "~ P# ^`# <# x~iOK#. Q` S^ O=`~ #O_
< P~QO Q^ . =#HO Q |#OQ L<#.< P<~QO ^$
< qkx <# x~OKO^ =< J#=uOK"~ H~. J~#\H
D #~"# s~x d` L^=xH O~OQ JOHÒ Kx
x~~OK<#.
QO AM J| HO P*^.
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
P qÔQ =`x xk *#H ^q |** =^ LO@#C_,

*f^ = H~H=, O O~} QOQ =`_ =~^ ~ H` O
P~O" # H~H QiOz QO O P" q=i, =O =
^#OQ ~#+ = xK@O K H+`~==`# q+x
è~. =O =# ="~x ZO` H+_ Ò K<
@=x k=Ok ~=@O ^x P" P"^# =HOK~. P uOO
O PK## ~yeOzOk. P PK# P" Hx x~tOK~.
= ^ #OQ =O = xK x P" x~~ OK<~.
(Women Pioneers, Edited by Sushila Nayar & Kamala Mankekar, ariticle on
=[# q^"~, OqH
'^N O x
(19001987)
~` *f^=O L^=H~# a\+ `xH =u~HOQ

~@O yOKO^ =`" HO_, =[ QuH P@OHO J=`#
=lH~Q` =u~HOQ ~ _xH KHx ~} HeOzOk.
^#OQ ~[ # H$+ y ~[O [O` YO``
Qu ^ # #_KO ^ J=~" # KH \ "`=~}O $+O KO^ H$+K ~.
XH" ~~ =u~HOQ Q`# ~\ ~H H~O
JOk, QOnr =~# x~H~ # JH~ # K @" ^ # ^ OQ
L^qOz# = JQQq N=u O.
Q[~` ~xH KOk# O Ò` =~^ @O |O
1900 JH|~ 21# [xOK~. =`QOn =HQ ` "^ , x` q`
_H~ ~[ JbH P" =â_. qî ^< *f^=O, =[ =
P" iK =~.1917 OÒ Ò_`@Q P" =`QOnx
He~. P Ò_`# =` PxOz# QOnr HO` HO @
P"# =Y OqH *#H ^q |** =^ LO_=<~.
213
Kulsum Sayani is writtern by Ushaa Mehatha, NBT, India, 2002, page. 93) P
x~O "~ =` QOnr Ô`` q`"# @O| ~

H#H O *f^=O QOQ QOnr =~^ ~ H` O O O~}
H~H kQ =O^ Q~.
H~p [iy# ~` *f HOQ ="xH J^H` =Oz#
=Y Ò`=~ ^ _ ==^ ~ =` x "#_ _H~
*< ==^ hx P" q"=_~. _H~ x K =$^
=. P# [ _H~Q MuQOz# "^. _H~ x _
W@ *f^= H~H= #@O =`" HO_ J@ *"
H~H= K~Q O@<~. P# *f HOQ =`"
HH d` L^= <.
q"O `~"` iHO OqHQ *= JOHÒ
H"## O x~x _H~ h |~_" HO_ =iO`Q
Òz P" `_Q xeK~. P# #O_ aOz# Ò`
L`l`# O x `# q"xH =O^Q< x~tOK# H
^# }oH# `~ K<~. =# K`#=Oè K#
H~H= K~Q # P" = ^ #OQ =O =,
x~H~ JkHO Q LO_@O Q=xOK~. = Z^~O@# =,
214
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
K` # ~`xH ^ # H~}O Jq^Q P" Q=xOK~. P = i~

kQ =[# q^ K~^=x x~OKx =`_ K# K#`
P" ~} O^~. P kQ x~H~ JH~*`# "eyOKO^
O x OH|^~.
1927 *f^=O QOQ [~Q`# K~ H `x
O HiOK~. =lH Qu H P@OH=`# ~Q` QiOz [
K`#O HeyOKO^ L^tOK|_# [#*Q~} H~H= Qq
JO^ x\ H ~~.x\ H ~Q P" K#
"``~`, H~^H` eÒQ H=H=OQ ^=# Jk~
1930 P" H ^# H~î J~. P P=Hx qxyOKx
x\ H <~eQ }oH|Ô Q H~H= P" NH~O K\~ .
1936 P" ` Q = uiQ~. P =O *f
HOQ < M~ <H` O O~ Of Ò
U~_Ok. P# =HQ ` O Q _ =[# q^ J`kH ^#`xK~.
M~ =[# q^ H~H= @ `H PHQ =Y
H=@O O H =zOk.=[# JH~ `# OOkOKO^
K\e# H~H=, P H~H= x~} ~"H} HO OQ
`# J^H`# F Hq\ U~@ K~. P Hq\ [OQ O xH
è Ò aOzOk. P" PxH JkH~O _ `_=_O` =iO`
K~Q P" =O^ Hk~. P H$+H QiOQ 1939 P" P Hq\
L^Q x~.
J\#O_ =[# q^ H~H= P" iQ Q=~.
^#OQ = JH~*#O HeyOKO^ P" #_O H\~. P"
` è^ eOK^. ^#OQ =O = #KK@O
P" H+"~Ok. K^= ZO^Hx tOK = #KKO^
P" K qOK~. O~ #Q~Ox = = Ò@,
P = i~O JH~ *#O Z L Q_ Ò^ q=i H=OQ
= qx K~Q<~. P `~ "` XHHiQ =` OkO

[~` "~Oî O\ì, JH~` P=H`# JOwHiOK~.
=[# q^ H~H=O QOQ J=~=Q q^=yx OQ
= JO^K, "i` H "Q` =[# q^ `~Q`#
U~@ KQeQ~. D "~ O~ #Q~O, P i~ O`x
@, =iH"_ x~O`~O ~ \ , H~H=# ~ "H , =[#
q^ "H JqO` H$+ ~OaOK~.
P x~H~ =O J`k H=@O` P" =O =
@ `H ^=Oz =[# q^, qH H~H= Q=#
KQQ@O` JOî ^$+x PHiOK~. D H~H= @ ~` *f
HOQ < JkH ^# K@O` ~ ~[H ~OQ"O
K~. P" H~H= =u~HOQ =O bQ H~H~ J` K~
kQ~. P" q^ xO^~} K~. =O [#=^ P"
H~H= @ q=Y` HeyOKO^ q ` K~. Y^~ î Oz
=[# q^ H~H= i@ =O =# ~` *f HOQ
" PHi < ~x HO^~ =O bQ <` qOK~. JO^=# =O`~
H~H=# x~OKx PK# _ K~. (Bharath Ke Swatantra
215
216
Samgram me Muslim Mahilavonka Yogdaan (Hindi) : Page. 265)
P u ` =# O x U=Ò qÒ H^ .
P ^+K~x K KHKHOQ Z^~<~. Jx J=~^# èQ
JkQqOK~. = q^" HO P" O~ #Q~Ox S^
JO` Z`Q =<# _ ZO` ` Z`kQ`, P
J~"O@ îH# Hk\ O =# ="i "iH
q^|^ Q~`# P"x ^=#, x*~f, z`kx [
Q OK~. P" =^` è~. P H~}OQ ~ ~[H =~ K~
P" ` U=Ò J_H@ "H~.
J"O`~ JkQq Oz# O x =iO` LÒ` =[#
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
q^" HO #~OH`= ~. P" JqOÒQ yOz# H$+ e ÒQ

30 O=`~ HO =~ S^ H = JH~*` "eyOK
QeQ~. P" JO`\` q#O_ ^. JH~ *#O Qey# = P
K`< x =iO` ~ O K @" HO_, *f JO`~f ==~#
_ `HQey# ~H "ix KiOK# OHO` =[# q^
i K# ~# ^$+ @x =~<+ J# J~O =K ~|~ J#
L~ HuH# ~OaOK~.
~`^ O =[# q^ H~H= K~O HO ~OaOK|_#
è uHQ ~|~ Ki` $+OzOk. D "~ =[# q^" HO
uH# #_# q^"`Q O Mu Q_O K~. D ~ |~ uH# ^=<Qi,
Q[~f e 1960 =~ H=O ` O_ #_~. =[#, L^=
H~H~ ~|~ H~nHQ "eOk. P" O O^HÒ
K i`" # ~ |~ uH L~, ^=<Qi, Q[~u e# ~ <~ _xH
Ju "# ^` # " \O k. P H~}OQ ~ |~ ^~ _H~ `~KO^
O\ =Y Ki`H~ Q[~u ex <~#@ OQ H\OK@O
q+O . (Women Pioneers : Page. 94).
~|~ uH# O x H=O =[# q^"H =`"
iqÒ K ^ . [ *f =# OOkOK_xH, =`=~ O,
O^ =O SH`, O,Ou, ^=# K~xH _ ~|~#
^#O K<~. J`H =#, J~Ox PK~, O^
=u~HOQ =# K`#=Oè K_xH J=~=Q =K~x
HiOz ~|~ ^~ ~ JOkOK~. Jx =` O^#,
Jx *` O$u <QiH`x qO# ~ JO^@H
`K~. =`, PK~ O^ "~< =#+O` XH>## q
=#= ^~"x |OQ K~O K~. D O^~OQ <`# PK~,
O^ ~H=x H\OK# îH O_`, =b P"
Ja# =u~H P" q^ q=~ Ô P~OaOK~. P q=~#
P" ÒQ Z^~O@, `# Ja# `|ÔQ =iOK

O@ ^$_"# x~` q=~#, #H~`H K~# H~`H
=^#` uQ\~. q=~# H#\ [ q^"H, O
x~}O [ Q=@Q KQ x~}`H H~H= q^
^$+ iOK~.
=[ =Qa=$kH =[# q^"H [~Q`# `
=`" K=x qOz# O x O # `H H$+
P~OaOK~. = HO> == ` e`# `z_`x P"
^$_OQ #=~. P #=HO` qÔ # H$+ K~. q^"H
H =K [, =Y` H P" qÔ # `_@
JOkOK~. P qÔ Q ~OQO q^ =z# qÔ H=OQ #_=_xH
J=~=Q PiH PO|# =i@@O _ P" H~
JOkOK~.
=[ "H~H= _ QO OKO@ =lH ~Q`,
=_#=H q^ ~\ =~îQ xeK~. =*a=$kH =
K`#O J`=~=# =`x L^xH J#Q}OQ = OH=,
K`# H~H= x=Q=~. 1943 Jd ~` = H<~<
Q~= H~îQ x=q`~. P" ~` ^= O`\ ~ \Oz =
K` # O HO, JH~ ` Ja=$kHO K~ H~H=x x~OK~. Jd
~` = H<~<# \+ ~O^ x~O`~O yOz# H$+ eOz
6,500 # Jd ~` = H<~< OY H P"
O 33,500 K~ Ok. (Women Pioneers : Page. 93)
Ò` ~`^ O J=ìOKH = ~`x xiOKO^ `y# ^H
J= _ P" OK<~. JqOÒQ y# =[ =,
=[# q^, ^~} q^" OkOz# J#"x qxyOK
<O^ Ò Hq\, O O xH =Y #O
HeOzOk. P O^~OQ P" <, K<, _<~, WOQO_, q< `k`~
217
218
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
^# ~\OK~. =H =n<# OîOK~.1957 <

="O ~` uxkQ x =\_~. 1958 P"# National
Committe on Women's Education ~Q Ò xqOzOk. D
qÔQ J@ =~+ Ò, W`~ ~+ ` W@ ~`
Ò P" *", =[# q^, = OH=xH O|OkOz#
`, ``~ Hq\ #O HeOz P ~OQ P"#
J~ J#"x qxyOK<~.
=~ U_ ^@ *= Q_# O x =Oz
~K~uQ _ Mu Q_OK~. *f^=O, =[# q^"
QqQ = K`#O HO x~O`~O H$+ e# L^=Hi}Q `#
J#"#, PHOH#, K## O^~` QO^# ~~.
=[# q^ " H~H=, Ò`^=O = `, =[=,
~`H< "u, `k`~ JO# $t, _ tH "~ J#",
~`H "u "~ `, ~f Ò` OQO " ="O H
qH, ~` " _tH `k`~ QO^# P" ~~. D QO^
| *^~} O^~.
* O , ` O JOMHOQ J"~ # =iOKx
O x =# @ L# Q~"x H\OK<~. 1959 ~`
Ò ^ N J"~` P"# Q~qOzOk. ~` Ô =`" HO_
W`~ ^ _ =[# q^ "H P" K# = QiOQ
1969 < e@~ J"~ JOkOz ~` ~Ru #OQ ìOK~.
D O^~OQ QO^ =~O x~}`H H$+ e# =Y =HQ ~`
Ò P"# OOzOk. P" < e@~ J"~ =z#O^
1958 W^ J"~ Ok# Welthy Fisher Ja#O^# ``, I rejoice
was no different. But the feeling of having done my bit for my country and my
people is a reward in itself,
Jx O x ~ P"x Ju ^~}
=O, ^ H x K@<~. (Women Pioneers : Page. 96).

1970 =`_ Ou O^x OK "Ò K `
QOQ ^H O_ ^# O x K\ =K~. P ^ Ou
O^# |OQ qxOK~. ~`H< =^ O|O^#
OOkOKO^ P" JqOÒQ qOK~. D "~ `# K#
`# q=i P" HO _ ~~.
D qÔ Q XH" *f^=O, =~H" =[# q^"H ,
WOHH " *"~OQO x~O`~O qOz, [#rq`# =iO`Q
KHkÔ^, =[ =Qa=$k ^# HOQ O~ rq`x JOHÒ
K# =[# q^" ~, JqO` L^=Hi} N=u O x
1987" 27# H#=~.
=^#OQ, A Pioneer's lot in most cases is strewn with thorns - and mine
Q = Ò^~ F `H =#Ò Hey# =x =#

Ki` `Òk. q*` ` ^~ =O`, O~ J= PK<
~ , =` ` =hQ =# ^~ #q~ . =HQ ` O Q
XH ~+_ <uH` ^~ ~k^H=_" H + @_"
[~QÒk. F *u <uH q=, =lH B#Ò P *uH KOk#
` =#H u q^ P^~_=O@Ok. ~[H B#`x Q`
f<=x KC< *`# =#O ije P *`x =
~[HOQ ZO` iH` Hey LO_", " =`$q @
= ZO` Oy ~^ =# J~=Òk.
*^ M`< +~x
219
220
that not only India but the world will catch the rays of light emanating through
the noble work of Kulsum Sayani
Jx "MxOK~. P O "HxH
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
@O x a\+ ` ^+H# F~` iOz# `Qj~#

@O| *f^= Ki` @ ^~ #q~ . P qt+ @O
_H~ =H~ J=^ J<i @O|O XH\. P @OxH KOk#
=~Ò QO *~ J<i.
~` *f HOQ J^H^qx JÒ` =~=OÒQ x~Oz#
Ò`^= < JQQ} _Q MuQOK~ _H~ =H~ J=^
J<i. Jx`~ ^"# ^Q}O` OQ =`x =O^<O^#
N=u +O+h J<i, _H~ J<i O_ `~ QO *~ J<i.
P<_ *f^=xH _bx _H~ J<i Q$O ^# HOÔQ
LO_k. *f HOQ O|OkOz# U H~H=O _b [iy<, P
=" [~"iH J<i WO@ PuÔ `xi. z<i *~
P =" OQ}O Hu~Q` < L<, K~ qO@
z#<\#O_ *f^=O @ J=Q#, =Y <`` x`

iK# OK<~. z#`#O< èÒ_ `# _ ~[O
HO a\+ `xH =u~HOQ ~_x x~~ OK<~. P x~

`Q@Q< 1926 *f^=O LÒQ O@# =
H`# P" q"O K<~. J\#O_ P = Ô` `=
H~H`x =iO` qiOKx *f^=O Jq`Ò`
<~.
P^xH POQ q^=O`~# *~ QO O^ q^# ^`
JOK~. P" L~, i<, POQO, On, J~aH + Q =K.
Ki`=lH @ P" JkH ^K~x Inside India QOÔ
~K~u Halide Edib ~<~. L#`"# =H`x q ^$H^x
OìOK# P" O^ PK~ ==~# \OK@O `y#O`
^ =OK~. *f^= =~O P PK~ O^ P"
UqÔQ P@OHO Hx=O_, =~=iH ^H~O HO_ *~ QO
==iOK~.
=`QOnK \ Jx =` eOK# QO *~ J<i
"~ P=O QOnr =^ K HO Q_~. P=O P" QOnrH
K^_"^_Q ==iOz, P# =## Ok#@, QOnr ~# Y
^~ Òk. "~ P=Ox =O@Qk P" QO J=Ò
HiOK^x QOnr ~<~. L~ +# <~ O^ *~# `# Q~=Q
==iOK=x QOnr OQ H~@O q+O. P" QOnrH KHx L~
<~~. QOnr <~ # L~ i*<x =iO` OKH_xH *~
QO ~# Y ZO` `__~. P=O #O_ "oH _ u
"~O QOnrH L`~O ~@O P" J"@. P Y L~ a=$kH
J=~=Q ` xO_ LO_q. D Y# q, P" Y <
L~ a=$kH ZO`Q< `__~...u"~O =K P" Y HO
<# Z^~ K"_ Jx =`_ ~ ~#@O q+O.
221
222
è Ò_# qOz# `QQ}je
QO *~ J<i
( 1988)
~` Ò`^=O = #@" HO_ @O
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
*f^=O QOQ *HO^ *~ J<i Lq~~.

a\+ x |O^< #O_ ^x q=HO K@O QOQ *
" _O ZO` Q~==x P" qOK~. D q+ " QOnr J#=u H~`
P# P" L`~ ~~. P L`~ =^#OQ, P" P~QO
^$ HO` #O =OK. h= * " O^ XH ~A# <# ` O_
J#=u, Jx 1941 E< 19<\ Y QOnr P" #KK~.
z#`#O è`@Q *f HOQ =" ZH_ [iy<
JH_ `# [~^x#x P" OQ KC<~. P =O
"Ô H~H~ x~OK # `# QO OK<^x#x QO
*~ ~<~. Ò` =~^# èÔ_ "~`x }H
K# *~ J, ~f
[# =^ SH`=H`# J" Q OK~. P H~}OQ P" O^
=O SH`# Q_OQ "OzOK~. =Ò ~` P<_ y#
"~@"^ ^~}# f=OQ x~OK~. =` =~x H_x,
=` q^+O _^x, =`x ~[H` =_ @~^x P" q$ÒQ
K~O K~.
QO *~ J<i ^#Q}O `# è^ O _ U=Ò fO_
==iOK~. P" `# @OxH KOk# P # *f [<
HO `QO K_xH "#H_^. *f^=O # ^
@O# P" PiHOQ P^<~. 1946 [iy# ZxH O^~OQ
Jd~` =ObQ < y# "~@"^ ~[H#
Z^~#_xH x^ J=~=x P" `K~. SH`# K_Q\, [
q[ # H~}==`# q^+, q[ # ~[H # P" OKH ~.
P ~[x P" PtOK~. JO^ J=~=Q x^#

JOkOKO^ P" =O^ =K~.
P<\H _H~ J<i J~ P *f^= H~H= HO
Hiy ~. Ò` =~^, HiH =Y, ^, q^j
=Y ZO` Q~"a=<` Ju^qz, *f^=O <
Ki`H K~ , OK# x~
"kHQ xez# DAR-US-SALAM = Ou
` =~H q"# J P" HxOK^. P =O *u [<
HO ZO`\ `QxH< ^=x P", P" ~ H` J<i H\OK~.
P H@# `Q@Q DAR-US-SALAM =Oux, P =#O K@ L#
q"# P=~}# J"~. P qÔ Q DAR-US-SALAM # qH~OKQ
aOz# =# *f HOQ < ZxH K~O HO *~
J<i Ô` =O K~. ~[^x qOz# DAR-US-SALAM
=Oux qH~OKH *~ J<i Ô` =~H z# Q$OH =i
Ju ^^ rqÒ Q_~.
~`Ô Ò` ÔQ J=ìOKH W`~ < "~
P"Qx P" ~Qx Ò Z@=O\ ^=# HiOK^. Hk
~ Px *f HOQ H~H= qxyOz Ju =#
Q$}Q rqÒ Q_# *~ `= PiH i` ZO` ^~}OQ L<
K~Kz Z=ix O J_Q^. Ò H~O PtOK^.
Ò`^=O HO, [ [< HO, =` =~O
H_O^, [ ~ ~O ^=## i+O KO^ `= rq`,
P HO`=~H< LQ_#O^ O`+ P" HO Q_~.
z=~ 1988 E 28# WOQO_ ^#Q}O#~ N=u QO *~
J<i JOu= q_K~.
223
224
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
=`$^ = ~O `QO K#
==^(1990)
Q M`<
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K~< ~.(Telangana peoples Struggle and its lessons, P.Sundaraiah,
Foundations Books, New Delhi, Page.9-10)
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= QiOz KiOK~. P ~A PiH Ò`" =Y"# =

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x~~OK<#. <# K#, P# Ug JO`~O @^, Hx
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(D "O ^ #OQ 1986 H O @# ( ^~^) K iOz#
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259
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12 O=`~ = L#C_ Ò_ W<` Jb H#=~. P
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L^=O K~Q <~. P# =ObQ ~[H =u~H.
O^ =O SH`HO x~O`~O H$+ K# =Y. (Rafi Ahamed
Jx QO H^
(19061982)
~~ # Ô^ @O @O @_#
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@O| ~ Jx QO H^.
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1906 [xOK~. Ò_ q` Jb <"k. P# a\+ `
=u~H. POQ
JO_Q xz# Jb ~ "^=` i_x =H. O^
=O SH`# PHOHO K =~ ^ . ~` *f HOQ=O bQ
=^ ^ # H~# =Y. (Rafi Ahamed Kidwai, Dr.M.Hashim
Kidwai, Govt. of India Publications, NewDelhi,1986, Page. 24-25)
z#`#O #O_ QO Jx Ò_`@Q ~[H, ` ,

261
Kidwai : Page. 34-35)
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262
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P^<O^ H$+KeOkQ =`QOn P^tOK~. P# P^#
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=# k` P" Jx P (Jx JH) J~.
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ZOH~. ~[ ~Q 1957 #O_ 1968 =~ ^`#
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P kQ O, O HjH H~=OkOK~.
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K~. =`<Ô yOz# ~H ` x q=i Zulum ~` =~ QO^x
Ab Jinke Dekhne J# =~ H
x _ P" ~~. P" ~# "
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263
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PO^^ è =Ou =~O è = =Ou, è =O
=Ou, "Ò ~` Ô< =Ou^qx x~Oz# è =O =
== QO 1902 ` PO^^ ~[^x ^~^ [xOK~.
è ~ `~ QO(Tayyiba Begum). è =Oz q^=O`~. J"
~` Ô< è =O @^~. Ò_ ~ Yn" [OQ.(Khedv
Jung) `` ^ < aQq(Syyid Husain Bilgrami).
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Ò_ "^Y L _~H~Q xK~. P" ^~_ Jb =~ [OQ

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~i ^q x~OK~. P" =OOx JH [OQ ._|._ =Ou
Q#, P" ^Qi |O^= "< ~[OQ =Ou ^=# x~OK~.
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\# @~Ok.
1922 PH~ qqÔ Kkq# q |O^= <
Jb M<# == QO q"O K<~. P`~"u HO P#
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1921 q^" ^# HOQ Q JOA=< J^ Q
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265
266
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(19021990)
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"Q K# H~}OQ J@ [ W@ ~[H =Y =## O^~.
P H~}OQ Ò` ~`Ô J=ìOKH 1952 èiQ
[iy# JOc ZxH == QO# HOQ JiQ ZOH K~.
P" e|O_ JOc x[H=~O #O_ ZxH |i kQ~. =Y
Hq, H=x s<_, HiH<` =QO "n< P" ` i. P#
_=H\H O\ JiQ \ K~. P ZxH U_ =O^ 74
F@ PkH`` == QO q[O kOK~.
P `~"` 1957 =~i JOc ZxH HOQ JiQ P"
\ K Q eK~.D i ` ~ \ JOc #O_ =Y H=x <_
JH~ < # 513 F@ PkH `` ~lè K~. D ZxH O^~ O Q
P" x~Oz# K~O f~ _ [# Q PH@Ok. K~O
` ~ O> P" =OÔ_@O q+O . u~A " = ~=# K~xH
| î `~ K~xH [#OH =KQ P" `# K~x
=yOK@O q+O .(Secluded Scholors, Gail Minault,OUP, New Delhi, 1999,
Page.272-273). =O
= J~LO_ _ K~ H~H=O ` ~
HO> =O^__O P" ~[H^H` x^~#O.
D q[ ^~ P" Z#x Hiu+# `z\# ^=
aOK~. 1957 Congress Legislative Party Deputy Leader Q

xq`~. P O=`~O< Member-in-Charage-International Relations Q ZOH~. P ^q P" `# ^`# =~=OÒQ
x~OK~. (The Legend Makers Some Eminent Muslim Women of India,
267
Gouri Srivastava, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, 2003, Page. 91)
P `~"` =Y HOQ <` ^"^~O Or= =Ou=~O

OH OH=O, =O ZO_"O\ M =Ou ^q P" aOzOk.D
^q 1960 #O_ 1962 =~ H#y, PO^^ è =Ou =~O
è = =OuQ, è =O =OuQ, "Ò ~` Ô < =Ou^q x
x~Oz# è =O =Q == QO Ki` $+OK~.
1962 `~\ x[H=~O #O_ HOQ JiQ Ò`
Ji < =n< X" q^ \K P" ~l`~. J\
#O_ P" =["H~H= iq`=~. ` ~OQ qq^
=, t OH= O, q^" O ^` K\~.
^~^x JOA=<Y"f<, _ ^s H ^# ~Q,
~_H O H~x~H qu ~eQ ^` x~OK~.
=Oz =H, H~^~Q MuQOz# == QO Jd ~`
= O <`Q 1957 HO, Jd ~` = O uxk
=O_e _\ <~eQ 1959 ~, SH~[qu ="
*x" "o =K~. P `~"` Qq, WO_<+ ~\OK~.
D "~ J@ ~[H ~OQ#, W@ "~OQ# =`" HO_ `
~OQ# _ JQQq JxOK# == QO 1990 H#=~.
268
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
= K`#O HO Ji qOz#
QO +s q^ Jb
*f^=O ~[H O H O~} =O`~O Q Q~.
P<\ ~[H `HOQ #H ~# L^=H~ =lH
O~} ~ Q=~. D qÔ Q ~[H ^=O ~HO Q
O@ O~}^=O `HOQ H~K~} ky# ^ QO
+s q^ Jb XH~.
Quj "# QuOK @O|O P" [xOK~. L~,
Q[~f, POQO , Ok, =~i, O K +# <~ <~. z`H , OwÒ
=Oz @ OkOK~. WO_< q s JkHi q^ Jbx
P" q"O K<~.
~ q^ Jb Ò P" ~"# =~x =iO`
OKO@, OwÒ, H O$uH H~H= iHx =O
K P ~OQ Ja=$kH H$+ P~OaOK~. 1907 HH` #Q~O
[iy# ~` *f HOQ =" P" Q=~. P<\
#O_ *f^=O K~H# ` x~OK~. ^j L^=O ^#
269
^ #j~ J=^
` +OK~. = OH=O, i[# Ja=$k `k`~ H~H=

q^ +s q^ Jb ^$+iOz JkH =x P ~OQ =O
K~.
= K`#O HO, `ba_ fH"e# P~Q~"#
*Q` K~O HO H~H=# K\ ~ . Qq} = =
i~xH PK~}
`H K#ez = i~xH `__~ .
= `= H=~# OOkOK<O^ gQ "i a_
QQ K__xH #~s# U~@ K~. Jd ~` = H<~ <
Ò HiOz P H<~< Y# O` U~~z =#
O \` ~~. = q"= O|OkOz LxHH =z# ~^
K@O H~OQ = q" J~` =# OKx _=O_ K~.
D _=O_ J#OQ = O`H H~} H~H=x ^Z`#
x~OK~. =O = `y# ^` WKQ P" `H xM<=
`~ K~. P xM<= D<\H O` J= LOk.
1933 [iy# ~O_ >| ="xH [~# =Q~ =
ux^ |$OÔ ~Q = u Q` QiOz OH ~" O@s
Hq\ Z^@ HO KO^ P" WOQO_ "~. ~+`@Q
=# F\OQ HO P" `# "^## |OQ qxOK~.
1937 Ou, K ^<OQ *H"H [iy# JO`~f
="xH [~~.
1940 Jd ~` = H<~< L^~eQ, P `~"`
J^ ~eQ ^ ` x~OK~. Jd ~` = qÔ O Q=iOQ
_ K~<Q = qâ=$kHO Z< H~H=# x~O K~.
P" =[= QiOQ SH~[qux = O|OkOz#
qQO ~`^ uxkQ x~ ~. ~f = OH = O
HO =`" HO_ = i~H} P" ZO` H$+ K~
270
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
~OQ "O K< P `~"` L^=@ Z^~ i`# |\ `=

=H`#, O~ H=~# îOz Ki` $+Oz# O@#
L<~. QO ~` "x, O x, ^` < HK , +O+h
J<i D H=H =~. P H= KOk# Hji = QO JH~ *<.
JH~ *< 1916 Hj~x Q[~ @O|O [xOK~. P"
è Q[~ H=x\H KOk# P__K HQ Ò_ "M i x_
(Harry Nedou). è Ò_k = q"O. P" Ò_ "M i x_
H= =`xH KOk# O# "i. P# WO =Ò HiOz `#
~# +H J=^ <Q =~<~. +H J=^ < JH~
*< QO èx qOz =s q"O K<~. P q"O =# è
O|On# Q[~ H=x\ [ PQO =HOK "iH ^~=~.
P =u~H i` _ P Ô` ZO` ^~O` `= rq`#
L[OQ =K<~. P Ô` è O`#OQ JH~ *< QO

[xOK~.
JH~ *< QO =Oz H<O@ q^# Qi~. qîQ =Oz
èq`@# îOz# JH~ *< KHx O^~~tQ [ =##
^K<~. P" JOÔ JQQq =`" HO_ ^~ _
JQQ}~Q MuQOK~. z#`#O` `# èH O|OkOz# Q[~
H=x\ [ ^~O H=@O, Ò_ ~Ô #O_ =z Hj~ ~_#
=H H=@O` P @O|O è^ WH@# Z^~Ok. è O`#OQ
P WH@# OQ J#qOz# JH~ *< QO ^~eQ Ò`
=#` ZkQ~.
z#= H~=` J# F =` Q~=` P" èÒ_
q"O [iOK~. P q"O Z= HO x|_^. z=~ PH~
*< QO ~# #O_ q_ f<~. P `~"` P" 1932
+H ==^ W|O =~_, +~Hj~Q MuQOz# +H ==^
J|# q"O K<~. P" q"x =Y Hq _H~ ==^
WH `_@` = ln< x~OK~.
q^k_# _H~ J| è #O_ [ = i~xH
H$+K_#H PH K~. P#x <H` H} q^=O`#
`# q`` H s_OQ ~O s J# O U~@ î f~. D
O ^~ [ = i~xH ==QÒQ NH~O K\~. P
H=O Hj~ [ =# |\ OKxH èKO^ s_OQ
~O s H$+K~. P ` [ =## O^~, Hj~`~
[ Ja#O^# _H~ J| ^H~. P J#=O` 1932 P#
`H ~[HH "tOK~. P# P [= JO_ Hj~ =O
e\H H<~< U~@ K~. P s ~ =O Jx Ô L<, P
[= JO_ Hj~ =O e\H H<~ < H=# s U=Ò H^<~.
Hj~ [ L^=O =`L^=O H^x Wk ~[H L^==x P#
271
272
[ q+` [ x~~OKH"x Hi#
QO JH~ *<
(19162000)
Ò`^=O # = è^ ~ Ò`
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
J<~. [=Hj~ [Oî = i~O HO ~_Ò^x

_H~ J| H\OK~.
1946 OÒ ~` ^xH a\+ Ò O# Ha<\ q+<

_~ x< P WO_ # ukOzOk. WO_ #O_ a\+~
"êQH O<n #O [ Ò U~_x _H~ J|
PtOK~. D "~ [# K`#=Oè K_xH P# LHqOKQ
P#`@Q QO JH~ *< L^qOK~. D L^=x P Ô`
Hj~ O#O =~ iqÒ K^. P<_ WO_x =~ 600
O<x [# D q+" K`#~O^ ^=~. D "~
_H~ J| Ha<\ q+< =[~ _ =iOK~. a\+ Ò
JkH~O #O_ "^ eQH `kH~x [ ~O K x, ~=Ò
[ K` LO_x P =[~ HiOk.
P <Ô H\ Hj~ L^=xH _H~ J| NH~O K\~.
L^=O L^$ÒQ yOk. J~ ~O~ QOQ 1946 " =O
QO JH~ * < ~ J|# Ò J~ KO k. ~[^xH _~#
P~} q^ `qk O=`~ * tH# qkOzOk.
P =O QO JH~ * < ~OQOH kQ~. JO`=~ ~HO Q
~ J| HiQ L# P" `H~[HH "tOK~. P"
OQ Q= Q= ~\ [# _Q\~. k`#
P^<~. [ # `yOz P*`# "eyOK~. H\
Hj~ L^=xH [ =^` kOKO^ P" #_O H\~ . [#=#
qÒ K Q qÔ Q K~ f<~. P H~}OQ H\ Hj~ L^=xH
[ #Oz =Oz =^` aOzOk. Hj~ L^=O O^~OQ [#
qHiOKQ H, P" xa_H$`" L# H =~ |~`
=~. _H~ J| * L# =O Hj~ =z# =` QOnx
P" OQ Hx KiOK~.
Muslim conference is not a communal organization and its

existence will help all communities living in the State. The Kashmir
agitation is not a communal movement but a political movement for
redress of all people living in the state. We assure all our brethren
whether they be Sikhs or Hindus, that we are ready to fight for their
cause also - Encyclopedia of Muslim Biography, Ed. by Nagender
Kr. Singh, APHPC, New Delhi, 2001, Page. 173)
P H@ # "~ J| |_Q |# =~ H # xeK~. =Ò`

O|OÔ O_ P [= JO_ Hj~ =O e\H H<~ < JOîH
"O HeOK~, P O^~O QO JH~ *< ~ J| `_Q
xeK~. P H=O =`QOn, =< P*^, O_` <, Jb ^~
=O` 1938 OÒ J| `# P [= JO_ Hj~ =O e\H
H<~< # P [= JO_ Hj~ <+# e\H H<~<Q =~~.
kf OK OQ=O O^~OQ ~` *f HOQ H\
WO_ L^=xH xzOk. P [= JO_ Hj~ <+# e\H
H<~< _ H\ WO_ f~<xH =^` eHOk. *f HOQ
<` # Ò J~ K _x J| f=OQ YO_OK~. [=Hj~
H\ WO_ x<Ô u^ xOzOk. D O^~ O Q _H~ J| =\_ `
WO_ =["^xH =u~HOQ ~_Òk. WO_ QOx
<= =O` Hey L# O<n ~[O q+O q^~.
O<n "o"# _=O_ H\ WO_ L^=xH H#yO
=`", Jx P<~.
India is fighting against imperialism. The rulers of the Indian States
who posses 1/4th of the country have always played the role of the
traitors to the cause of Indian Freedom. The demand that the Princely
States should quit is a logical extension of the policy of Quit India Encyclopedia of Muslim Biography: Page. 174)
273
( Her ability to mobilize people came to the fore during Quit Kashmir movement and subsequently when her husband was in prison in 1946-47 as she came
out of the confines of home and visited villages of the state and burn the lamp
of hope for the oppressed people. - The Legend Makers Some Eminent
274
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
|î# PH=}^~ N#Q~ #O_ Hx " ^~O L<~. "

WO x<Ô K < ~. q~ <"O@ LO\~ "i` H~ `H"eOk
q~.. <` LO_#O> =#O O^, =O , tO` H P#^=
rqOK# `xH |^ LO_e. D q^#O F 'H~kQ q~ q,
q~ q P^# =O^Q <q^ yOKO_. q~ 'H~ q^
^_, J`K~ _ê ^xx < @O|O #O_ P~OaOKO_
Jx J<~.
=~_ ~M J| =Ou=~O` PH~ [< QO

Muslim Women of India, Gouri Srivastava, Concept Publishing Company, New
Delhi, 2003, Page.108 -109).
1947 E< ~ =O@@< `# }oH# "_OK_. P }oH

H~OQ ~`^ O ~ O_Q pe=@O M=~Ok. P =O O_`
< q^ _H~ J|# Ò q_^ KOk. P# q_^
HQ< Hj~ O#O q+`# [ x~~OKe ` O<n
x~~OK@O =zÒ H^x H\OK~. D q+O *f HOQ
< P#` UHqOK~.
WO_ q[# O^~OQ H< < ~}` Hj~#
WO_ #O_ ^~O K x ` P~O= ~. Hj~x yi[#
*`# ~KQ\ [=Hj~x Hx O` PH=} `
Q~. P =^H~ i` _H~ J|, QO JH~ *< `=
x~ q^ ~OQ x|_~. H i` PH=}^~# uH>O^
[# _Q\ ~ . [#
O`x K _xH "OK # H~#
YO_ J|` @Q J" _ g^ H =z [ #KK c`
HO_ i`# J^H fH~=@O J" `__~.
P O^~OQ _H~ J| =\_` D<_ H< #O_
275
('..Today the raiders from Pakistan are a few miles from Srinagar. Tehy
are raising the slogan of Islam. It is open to you to be with them or to
be with me...If you opt to be with me you must know that you have to
live for all times on the principle that Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs are
brothers. If that is the language of a Kafir you should raise your sword
first against me. If you want to raid or rape ' Kafirs ' I am the first Kafir
and you must start it from my place and my family. ' - Encyclopaedia of
Muslim Biography, Page. 174)
P `~"u HO q"^^ x~, H@# =OQ _H~

J| J~, * tH Q~=` =# O^~OQ QO JH~ *<
J@ s }# H_O@ W@ @Oc @ L# ^`#
H=OQ <~" ~ ` J| Q ~ [ix "i J#= OH ~x=O_ K_@O
^# ` =OK~. [=Hj~ U~_# ~[H#` #O_
H~H~# H_O@ "i ^~x P`qx xO~. Hj~
Ou^` = `Ò_ P" ZO`Q< _~.
( '..filled in the vacum and helped in maintaining peace in the vally and
unity in the ranks of his followers. ' Encyclopaedia of Muslim Biography, Page. 173)
194748 <\ #H i` #O_ [=Hj~# Hj~

[# H_O^ _H~ J| Ô` =O^ =K~. H
PH=}^~ Hj~ [ q^ y# ^_# YO_OK~. P ^_
Q_# "ix, P# H~ x~ [# P^<O^
276
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
QO JH~ * < ` H K~ f<~. k` O`# K ~ O^

P" f# K~# =O@@< ~ Z_< =O@ @< `HOQ
O OK~. (The Legend Makers Some Eminent Muslim Women of India,
$+OK<~.
P"x =#=` =#, " ^$HÔ QiOz# Hj~ [
P"# ' =^~ "~< (Madr-e-Meharban) Jx Ok , P"@
"i`Q =a=<# K@<~. =^~ "~< JO> '^ Q
è Jx J~O.
D "~ J@ ~ ~[H `_@ JO^K, W@ Hj~
[# =YOQ Hj~ = OH = O HO z=i =~ H jHOQ
qOz# QO JH~ *< 2000 O=`~O H#=~.
Page.108)
QO JH~ * < K O^~ _H~ J| H~

JOk ~H~ [H Q_ `, O^~x |\ `# H =~ [
HO î OK~. Ju H+ = ~ `_Q xeK~. P i`
JfÒQ Hj~ [ =# q^ P"# ~[H @ 1971 <\
ZxH "_Ok. P =O =Y ~[H <_, |H QO
==^ HOQ s JiQ N#Q~ ~"O@ x[H=~O #O_ \
K~. P# ìQ Ò` Ji +qO J=^ +qO ~OQO
xeK~. P ZxH =# P" ~ _H~ J| Hj~ ~.
P ZxH QO JH~ *< Ò` Ji +qO J=^ =^`
eH~. P O^~O P" K q$ÒQ ZxH K~O <~.
P" H$+=# JO`Q iK Ox +qO# [ Q eOz ~[H =^ Q
~Oz# QO ==^# ~l`_ K~. P Ki``H i}=
QO JH~ *< HOâO^= H=@O ^~ P" =HÒ @ [ L#
Ja=#O, P"# |_ "_~.
1977 [iy# ZxH P" N#Q~ ~" O@s <xH \ K~.
P ZxH s PkH`` P" QOk ~"O@ "tOK~. Hj~
[ <`Q ~" O@ ~Q JH~ * < |=Y ` x~OK~.
= = @ P" JkH ^K~. = K`#O HO,
=#H qHO, Ja=$kHO Q# J<H O # O K~. O
Q=~. =a=$k ^# POQ Oz# =~*
|^Y"f< (Markaz-e-Behbood-e-Khawateen) P" HH
^ ` x~ = =OkOK~. D O` P" J~ `|O@
=Oz O|O^ Hey LO_ =lH " ~OQO `#^# Ki`
277
=#..=O =` ^ `C "H>. `= # K^ = O^ x "Q

=OK~.O> KkqOz< ~[H H~H= iQ ^~OQ
=OK~. *u ` ~[H i*#O #O^# *u [# _
~[H @ ~# J=Q# P~O O_ ~Ok...q P
K+ =yO eH q+` QiOz *Q` =OKO_. q K~
=# Hey# #x s KH_xH =~O "H>. Jk q #
q^=Oè K_O. q*<~# ^~ ~# ~[H ^$HÔ, =Oz
J=Q# "i HQK_O. P P=H# "iH HeOK@O.
*^ M`< +~x.
278
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
J#|OÔ
^= Ò` OQ=O O^~OQ ~f# PH@ <O^
a\+ =~} H< Ze[` F H@# q_^ KOk. P H@#x
PO`~x, JO^x @x q_=i q=i P^ ~}=`
QO [~` = 1858 #=O|~ 1# ^j KHx
O^x WK~. P OÔ POQ J#"Ô D HOk qÔQ LOk.
Proclamation of
Begum Hazarath Mahal of Oudh issued on
Novement1, 1858 response to the Proclamaton of
Queen Elizabeth.
****
^ #j~ J=^
government, parents of the people of Oude, with great
cosideration, put forth the present proclamation, in order that the real object of the chief points may be exposed, and our subjects placed on their guard.
1. " It is written in the proclamation, that the country of Hindoostan, which was held in trust by the Company, has been resumed by the Queen, and that for the
future the Queens laws shall be obeyed. This is not to be
trusted by our religious subjects; for the laws of the Company, the settlement of the Company, the English servants of the Company, the Governor General, and the
judicial administration of the Company, are all unchanged. What, then, is there now which can benefit the
people, or on which can rely?
" At this time certain weak-minded, foolish people, have

spread a report that the English have forgiven the faults
and crimes of the people of Hindoostan. This appears
very astonishing, for it is the unvarying custom of the
English never to forgive a fault, be it great or small so
much so, that if a small offence be committed through
ignorance or negligence, they never forgive it. The proclamation of the 1st. November, 1858, which has come
before us, is perfectly clear; and as some foolish people,
not understanding the real object of the proclamation,
have been carried away, therefore we, the ever-abiding
2. " In the proclamation it is written, that all contracts and agreements entered into by the Company will
be accepted by the Queen. Let the people carefully observe this artifice. The company has seized on the whole
of Hindoostan, and, if this arrangement be accepted,
what is there new in it? The Company professed to treat
the Chief of Bhurtpur as a son, and then took his territory; the chief of Lahore was carried off to London, and
it has not fallen to his lot to return; the Nawab
Shumshoodeen Khan, on one side, they hanged, and on
the other side, they salaamed to him; the Peishwa they
expelled from Poona Sitara, and imprisoned for life in
279
280
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
Bithoor; their breach of faith with Sultan Tippoo is well

known; the Rajah of Benaras they imprisoned in Agra.
Under pretence of administrating the country of the
Chief of Gwalior, they introduced English customs; they
have left no means or traces of the Chiefs of Behar,
Orissa, and Bengal; they gave the Rao of Furruckabad a
small monthly allowance, and took his territory.
Shahjehanpore, Bareilly, Azimgurh, Jounpore,
Goruckpore, Etawah, Allahabad, Futtehpore, &c.Our
ancient possessions they took from us on pretence of
distributing pay; and in the 7th. Article of the treaty,
they wrote, on oath, that they would take no more from
us. If, then, the arrangemenys made by the Company
are to be accepted, what is the difference between the
former and the present state of things? These are old
affairs, but recently, in defiance of treaties and oaths,
and notwithstanding that they owed us millions of rupees without reason, and on pretence of the misconduct
and discontent of our people, they took our country and
property, worth millions of rupees. If our people were
discontented with our royal predecessor, Wajid Ali Shah,
how comes it they are content with us? And no ruler
ever experienced such loyalty and devotion of life and
goods as we have done. What, then is wanting that they
do not restore our country? Further, it is written in the
proclamation, that they want no increase of territory,
but yet they cannot refrain from annexation. If the
Queen has assumed the government, why does Her Majesty not restore our country to us when our people wish
it? It is well-known that no king or queen ever punished
a whole army and people for rebellion; all were forgiven;
and the wise cannot approve of punishing the whole
army and people of Hindoostan; for so long as the word
punishment remains the disturbance will not be suppressed. There is a well-known proverb - A dying man
is desperate (Murta kya na Kurta). It is impossible that
a thousand should attack a million, and the thousand
escape.
281
282
3. " n the proclamation it is written, that the Christian religion is true, but that no other creed will suffer
oppression, and that the laws will be observed towards
all. What has the administration of justice to do with
the truth or falsehood of religion? That religion is true
which acknowledges one God, and knows no other.
Where there are three Gods in a religion, neither
Mussulman nor Hindoo- nay, not even Jews, Sun-worshippers, or Fire-worshippers can believe it true. To eat
pigs and drink- to bite greased cartridges, and to mix
pigs fat with flour and sweetmeats to destroy
Hindoos and Mussulman temples on pretence of making roads to build churches- to send clergymen into
streets and alleys to preach the christian religion to
institute English schools , and to pay a monthly stipend
for learning the English sciences, while the places of
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
^ #j~ J=^
worship of Hindoos and Mussalmans are to this day

entirely neglected; with all this, how can the people believe that religion will not be interfered with? The rebellion began with religion, and, for it, millions of men have
been killed. Let not our subjects be decieved; thousands
were deprived of their religion in the North-West, and
thousands were hanged rather than abandoned their
religion.
be forgiven then, and they shall be treated according to

their merits. To believe in this proclamation it is only
necessary to remember that Hindoostanee rulers are
altogether kind and merciful. Thousands have seen
this, millions have heard it. No one has ever seen in a
dream that the English forgave an offence.
4. "t is written in the proclamation, that they who

harboured rebels, or who were leaders of rebels, or who
caused men to rebel, shall have their lives, but that punishment shall be awarded after deliberation, and that
murderers and abettors of murderers shall have no
mercy shown them, while all others shall be forgiven.
Any foolish person can see, that under this proclamation, no one, be he guilty or innocent, can escape. Everything is written, and yet nothing is written; but they
have clearly written that they will not let off any one
implicated; and in whatever village or estate the army
may have halted, the inhabitants of that place cannot
escape. We are deeply concerned for the condition of our
people on reading this proclamation, which palpably
teems with enmity. We now issue a distinct order, and
one that may be trusted that all subjects who may have
foolishly presented themselves as heads of villages to the
English, shall, before the 1st. of January next, present
themselves, in our camp. Without doubt their faults shall
283
5. " In this proclamation it is written, that when

peace is restored, public works, such as roads and canals, will be made in order to improve the condition of
the people. It is worthy of a little reflection, that they
have promised no better employment for Hindustanis
than making roads and digging canals. If people cannot
see clearly what this means, there is no help for them.
Let no subject be deceived by the proclamation. "
(A True Translation)
Secretary to the Chief Commissioner of Oude.
( Reproduced from FREEDOM STRUGGLE IN

Utthara Pradesh, Page 465-68, Volume I, Publication bureau, Information Department, Utthara
Pradesh, Eited by SAA Rizvi, ML Bhogra.
Collected from : http//oudh.tripod.com/com/bhm/
bhmpric. htmon 19-09-2006 at Hyderabad)
284
^ #j~ J=^
~` Ò` ^=O =O =
13.
14.
P^~ QO ^ uH
15.
16.
17.
18.
POQ QO^
01.
02.
03.
04.
05.
06.
07.
08.
09.
10.
11.
12.
Muslims In India (Two Volumes) Naresh Kumar Jain, Manohar, New

Delhi, 1979.
Freedom Movement and Indian Muslims, Santomoy Ray, PPH, New Delhi,
1983.
Who is who Indian Martyrs (Three Volumes) Dr PN Chopra, Govt. of
India Publications, New Delhi.1973
Freedom Movement In India (Four Volumes), Dr. Tara Chand, Govt. of
India Publications, New Delhi, 1992.
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However, theit services to nation have gone unrecognised. Even
Muslim historian and writers ignored their importance role in the
country's freedom struggle. To fill this void. Syed Naseer
Ahamed..has come up with his latest book Indian freedom
Movement : Muslim Women. The book is useful for the students of history and the general reader who want to know more
about Indian Freedom Struggle. It should be translated in English, Hindi and other Indian Languages as well ..'
-The Milli Gazette, 16-31 July, 6-12 July 2003.
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Indian Freedom Movement:Muslim women in Telugu. The history of struggle for freedom is replete with a number of stories of
heroic Muslim Women who ventured out, leaving behind their
families for free and independent India. Syed Naseer Ahamed
ha done a tremendous service to the community and Country by
bringing out a complilation of the life sketches of those Women'
-Radiance Views Weekly, 6-12 July 2003

293
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~` `O` ^=O =O =

INDIAN FREEDOM MOVEMENT: MUSLIM WOMEN.

Indian Freedom Movement : Muslim Women (Telugu)

( Under TIP Trust)

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