LAD GRAMMAR WORKSHOP

Center for Language Development Across the Disciplines LAD/FIPSE/FAR

What is a sentence?
A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.
Ex. This gift is for you. Every sentence has two parts:
Subject Predicate

Subject
The subject tells who or what the sentence is about.
Complete subject:
My tutors are outstanding.

Simple subject:
Yvette is a tutor.

Predicate
Complete predicate:
words that tell what the subject is or does

Verb: the key word of

the complete predicate also known as simple predicate Ex. The girl runs real fast.

Noun
Computer Table

A noun is the name of a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.

Kinds of Nouns
Proper Noun
Mark

Common Noun
sun

Abstract Noun
love

Collective Noun
class

Plural Forms of Nouns

Regular Plural Nouns Irregular Plural Nouns

Bus -------buses Student- students

Leaf ------leaves Child----- children Woman-- women City ------ cities

Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun.
Kinds of Pronouns
Subject Relative Object Interrogative Possessive Demonstrative Reflexive Intensive

Kinds of Pronouns
Subject
I You He She It We You They

Object
Me You Him Her It Us You Them

Possessive Possessive Adjectives Pronouns

My Your His Hers It Our Your Their Mine Yours His Hers Its Ours Yours Theirs

Kinds of Pronouns
Reflexive Relative Interrogative Demonstrative Myself That Who This Yourself Which Whose That Himself Who What These Herself Whom Whom Those Itself Whose Which Ourselves Yourselves Themselves

Kinds of Pronouns
Indefinite
All Anyone Either Few Much No one Some Such Another Anything Everybody Many Neither One Somebody Any Both Everyone More Nobody Other Someone Anybody Each Everything Most None Several Something

Kinds of Verbs
Action - Ex. Dive

Linking - Ex. Am
Helping or auxiliary Ex. have, do, be

Verb Tenses
Present Past Future Present Progressive Past Progressive Future Progressive Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect

Adjective
An adjective describes or modifies a noun or pronoun. Answers the questions:

What kind? I like the long, green rectangle. Which one? I want that dress. How many? I see twelve circles.

Adverb
A word that modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Answers the questions:
When?

I will see you tomorrow. Where? The dog is outside. How? She worked happily. To what extent or degree? They swam deeper into the ocean. In what manner? Mary sang beautifully.

Prepositions
A word that shows a relationship between a noun or pronoun and some other words in the sentence.
Example: The students of this university are dynamic.

List of Prepositions
Along Among Around As At Before Behind

Below Beneath Beside Besides Between Beyond By

Despite Down Except For From In Near

More Prepositions
Of Off On Onto Out Outside Over Past Since Through Till To Toward Under Underneath Until Up Upon With Within Without

Compound Prepositions
According to As of As well as Aside from Because of By means of In addition to In front of In place of In regard to In respect to In spite of Instead of On account of Out of Prior to

Conjunction
A conjunction is used to join words or group of words Kinds of conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions Correlative conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions Conjunctive Adverbs

Coordinating Conjunctions
A coordinating conjunction connects individual words or groups of words that perform the same function.
Ex. I dance and sing.

And But Or Nor For Yet

Correlative Conjunctions
A correlative conjunction consists of two or more words that function together.
Ex. Either Bill or Mary wrote the poem.

Either...or Neithernor Whetheror Not onlybut (also) bothand

Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions introduce subordinate clauses, which are clauses that cannot stand by themselves as a complete thought. The subordinate conjunction connects a subordinate clause to an independent clause, which can stand by itself.
Ex. We will go whale watching if we have time.

List of Subordinating Conjunctions

Time After As As long as As soon as Before Time Since Until When Whenever While
Purpose In order that So that That

List of Subordinating Conjunctions

Manner Cause Because n Comparison As Tha

As As if As though

Subordinating Conjunctions of Condition

Although As long as Even though If Though Unless

Even if

Provided that

While

Conjunctive Adverbs
A conjunctive adverb is an adverb that functions somewhat like a coordinating conjunction. Conjunctive adverbs usually connect independent clauses.

Conjunctive Adverbs
A semicolon precedes the conjunctive adverb, and a comma usually follows it. Ex. I have to clean my room; therefore, I cant go to the movies with you.

List of Conjunctive Adverbs

Accordingly Also Besides Consequently Finally Furthermore However Indeed Instead Later Moreover Nevertheless Otherwise Still Therefore Thus

Interjection
An interjection is a word that expresses strong feelings It is followed by an exclamation mark (!)

List of Common Interjections

Really! Whoops! Good grief! Honestly! Good! Oh! What! Well! Sh! Ugh! Alas! Yes! Ahem! My! Please! No!

Unbelievable! Congratulations! My goodness!

Acknowledgments
Faculty Enrichment and Educational Technology Center Zobeida Rosado

LAD GRAMMAR WORKSHOP

Prepared by Professors Delia Serrano and Jennifer Soler University of the Sacred Heart Department of Humanities copyright August 2002