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"
Sc
'
-
-
&
'
......
1:
1.1:
1.1: -
:
1.1
1.2
0 rad.
()
.
1.3
()
1.4
:
:
:
x=
=
=
= -,
( = 0).
( = 0),
= -.
( = 0),
= -.
= + U U - = 2U DA2
2
2-Dx2
2
=
V2
1.5
3J
4J
5J
*2
A
1.6
1.7
a) 1,
1.8
()
) ,
) 0.
5J
2J
1J
0
1.9
1.10
1.11
80x10"3 J
40x10"3 J
120x103 J
1.12
a)LA<LB,
)>
1.13
a) Qb = 2Qa
) EB = 2EA
1.14
().
1.15
1 (),
1.16
3 J
*
)TB=TA
70x10"3 J
50x10"3 J
120x10"3 J
120>
)=2
2 ().
.
, . .
1.17
()
1.18
()
1.19
()
1.20
1.21
(),
().
1-22
(),
().
1.23
()
1.24
, +1 , +1
( + 1) = 1,2,3....
-^+ Aae
J7
DA
~
l
_2
1
-+1
-e
-(+1)
DU/L4K+12
-e
V +1
1.25
1.26
8 cm
2cm.
1.27
( 1) ,
2
EF = 0
22-=
(1)
(1)
( 2)
..1
ifflMimti
E F = 2 ( 2 -jc)-AT,(X, + ) (2)
( )
(2)
(1)
/ 7 = -(2 + ) (3)
(3) ZF = -Dx D - 2 +
= 2
\D
= 2
\2+
= 0,2 s
.
1.28
.
)
D = 2
DA2 = Dxl
+ mv]
2
2
2 2 2
Id(A2 -2)
0
= J
- = 3 mis
1.29
= 200 / m
D = ( 1.1).
/ 7 = 0
mg - = 0
=^
(1).
1171
= 2
, (1),
= 2 = 0,314s
\S
1.30
/ =- =
^ = = 1126 Hz
1.31
In^LC
q = Q cot
3
t = 0
q - Q - CV = 10~ C
= ^
2K4LC
J = 1 0 0 0 rad / s
4LC
q = 10 -3 owlOOOi (SI)
i = I .
-LI2
2
=-02 C
= \000
= -= = \
VZC
(SI)
. .
1.32
= A0e~M' e ~
A l
'
-At, = In
..
*-*=4 ^ ^ 4
= - I n (1)
i n
yi
(2) (1)
t,
t=
In
In
4,
t=
In =
32 In 1 - In 2
2
(lnl-ln32) =
In 2
ln32 =
In 2
ln2 5 =50s
1.33
= ^2 + \ + 22
4m , 2 Am rad
= 0 ( ).
1.34
= -Ja? + 2 + 2]2
A, -0,1m, 2 = 0,04 m - 0
= 0,14 m
, = 50 rad / s.
9 =
+ 2
{ = 0
<9 = 0
3 = 0.
,
* = 0,1477//50
1.35
= yj ,2 + 2 + 2 {2
= 0,08 m, 2 = 0,06 m --
rad
= 0,02 m
, = 50 rad / s.
9 =
jjt (
= 9 = 0
+ 2
3 = 0.
= 0,0250
10
(SI)
= { + 3)
= 3,1450
--2(
(SI)
+ 9)
- -493?750/7
(SI)
= = 0,04 s
1.36
f = |/, - / 2 1 = 0,5 //
,
- = 2 s
1.37
= { + )
,
1 -
\
\ D
=
D
42,
(1)
DA2=Dx2+
2
2
mv2
2
A = Jx2+ u2
V
D
(1)
= 2 +-^-2 =4x10~ 2 m
42
= 10 rad / s
11
= { + ) t
sis
= = -
6
6
( = , t=0 >0 )
6
= 4 10 2 10/ +
(SI)
= ( + ) = , 10/ +
= -2{ + ) = - 10/ +
.38
"
D = (
1-1).
= 2
/ = = J
2\ m
"
A - d .
,
I
"" j'
d
j
F<
;
w
: = ( + ).
/ = 0
d =
= 1
= rad
2
/ = 0 - = = - 1
3
= radj
2
12
)
)
fl
max
1 = d4 2 f2
= 5 mis2
( 1) Z F = 0 - mg
mg
, =
1
( 2)
mg
+d
Fl=K{x,+d)=K
,_
1.39
mg + Kd = 15
2
,.
= = rad / s
= 0,2^
= 0,1 m
,=
'5
25
t,1 = s 2
^
: = 0,1 m
At = , -t, = s
1.40
.
)
-2
=-2
13
= 0,1m
( = Umax)
'
\
At = = J
2\
100
s.
D.
\
~
2. / = 2. /
\D
D = .
t = = .
FmaK = DA = 15 103
1.41
I.
)
()
-,
V
mv = (m + M)V
V =
= 5 mis.
m+
)
D = .
iHW
~ 2 =
A = V.
(m + )Vi
m+M
= 0,1m
V
14
, ,
1.42
2 lm + M
_
=3,14x10 2 s.
4 \
At = =
/ = = 2 / = 510" 3
:
i ^ 4 c
i ^ Q ' -
/ = - ^ = = LC =
rVVA I
i-J \
2K4lC
L a
\ ^
42/2
'
<)
(2)
(1) (2)
q =
= 4xlO" 7 C
U =-2~
2 C
(3)
UE+UB=0
2 C
UB=
2 C
2 C
(4)
1 2
= = 25x10 8 J (5)
2 C
(3) (4) (5)
(J)
=2510
+0,5
-0,5
15
1.43
Q = CV = 4 x 10~3 C
= U
=
U
F
2
q2 = 1 1 Q 2
2 C
22 C
/2
q = Q cot
(1)
. _3
C? = 4 10
2"
C ft= =
2
;
24
3
rafl / 5
6
q = 2/2 10~3 C ,
2\/2 10~3 = 4 x l O ^ c r u v
1 3
1
6
t = 1,5 x 10^3 s.
1.44
1
2 C
1.45
2
2 C
^
2
)
.
= 50 rad
D = mco2 = 5 x l 0 4 N/m
= yj2 + 2 + 21(-
) = , - 2 = 5 10"2 m
= DA2 = 62,5 J
16
1 , 1 ,2
E = -mu2
+-Dx
2
2 E
a)
D x ^
m / s
1.46
To 2 ,
,,
.
2 F
m, m2
rfilWk
,.
F = 0
.
L>
= =
= 2 ml s
mx +m2
25
s
'
:
-mxv2
2
max
= '2
^
J^ = 0,2m
' = vmax
'
4
\m,
2^1
20
At = = . - = 5
17
.
* = ^ ' = 0>314
d = s A' = 0,114m
1.47
)
mj
D = .
L ^ K = j l s .
4
4 V
20
?
h.
a
h = g(At)2 = 0,125 m
)
max
( = I
,~~ = 2m/ s
2 = gAt = \,51m/s
)
,
.
=-
mi
= 0,314s
18
1.48
jfl
(1) Z F = = mlg = j = 12 / m
-
(3) -
:
|2(Wj +m2)gl-KI
=2mls
(m, + m2)1 + 2 = (w, + m2)gl u= i
w, +m2
)
To
D =
(5)
( j f j1 -j- jfi ^ -
Z F = 0 = {rnx + m2 )g
= 0,625m
' =
=
2
/m.+m2
-A = 2,5m/ s
Wj +m 2
. + m, .
At = = Ji
= 0,4s
4
2V
A"
19
1.49
()
R+r
= 0,6
t=0
AAA
vWV^
()
()
.
Lenz
.
.
)
= 2
= 10
rad / s
2^VLC
.
, I = 0,6 ().
Q = L = 6x10" 5 C
= 0,6 o w l 0 4 t
ijr = 6xl0" 5 77//41
20
.50
)
.
.
,
.
)
= ^ = 3
R+r
vQfiflflOL
,r
-L/2=-CF2
C = ~ 2 = 18x 10~6 F
2
2
V
(
).
21
2.1
()
2.2
2.3
)
2)
)
2 )
2.4
(),
(),
()
2.5
1)
()
2)
2)
()
2.6
1)
2.7
2.8
/2.
2.9
1)
()
2)
()
2.10
2.11
)
)
)
)
, , , , ,
rad
/4
2.48
()
22
2.13
1,53 8 km.
2.14
7,46 .
2.15
()
2.16
()
2.17
/
\ ^ 1
^ / \ \ 1 0
^\J010Hz
1015
1019
2.18
)
)
)
)
2.19
().
2.20
().
.
.
.
.
-
2.21
2.22
60 .
2.23
().
2.24
, ,
.
23
2.25
().
2.26
2.27
= 1,6.
2.28
)
)
.
.
1 SSI I
2.29
/4
= 0,15s = 0,6s f = = .
= / = 2m!s.
2.30
_y = 3 x l 0
{\2>20 - 4)
= 2^-~)
1
2
= 4 rad / m
= Af = 330m / s
24
1,57 m.
/ = 1^2.Hz
= 3\0
2
= = 1320 rad I s
tmax = = 39,6 m Is
^ = 1 3 2 0 - 4xj
-2
2 = 1320 - 42
= 4(2 - ,)
2
=
2.3 )
~ = - 3 - = 0,523m
t = - = 20s
)
= 21,5 s = 60 m
y = 0,17/2(0,25 21,5 - 5) = 0,05/2 W - 5y[2.cm
25
2.32
A
2 2Tit
= 2
(1)
yj ~ 2(
- j)
(1)
2= 0,5cm
2
= 440
0
=
y2 = 2(~
7DC
y = 0,5 40
= 0,25cm
= b cm
/ = = 20
"
yx = 0,252(20
y 2 = 0,252{20 + )
6
- )
6
d = = 3 cm
,
,
.
2
2
r
= 2
'
. a r
2
2ict
= 22/
9
= 1cm t = s = -31,4cm/,
)
26
2.33
)
\=
2 1
y(cm)
x(cm)
2 = 4 cm
=m
10 cm
2
t=0
5s = /4
= 20 cm
Is = /2
= 2s
\'\ = 4
10
= 12,5 cm
= 4
2.34
= 2/2 cm
)
, ,
.
d = = 2d = \m
= fJ = 3 4 0 m i s .
2
)
.
'
=r
2.35
'
/ ' = = 850.
y t = 5 ( 5 / - ) = 52(2,5-)
(1)
yx = 5 ( 5 + ) = 52(2,5/ + ^)
(2)
(1) (2)
y = 2( -
27
= 2{-^ + ^-)
1
A = 5cm
f = = 2,5
= 2 cm
= / = 5 cm/ s
2 tdc
2
y = 2
= 5
|'| = |; \
' = 0
71
= 0 =
2
or-
,
1
, 5= cm
,
=
~ cm
2
2
2
tcx = .
= cm = cm
2
2
0,5 cm, 1,5 cm, 2,5 cm, 3,5 cm,
= 1cm.
2
\'\ = 10cm
x
=
7 =
= 0 = lcm = 2cm
0, lcm, 2cm,3cm,
28
'
= 1 cm .
2
= 0,5 cm.
4
2.36
|^'| = |10OTJV \
|4L X | = 10
cm
= = 2m
/
.
d = 2 = = 2m
2.37
c =
X = = 2>m
f
c=
= 410-"
,
/=_
C=
- i = 5X10-16F
4 K2Lf
2k4lC
29
-
2.38
2.39
= = 2 x 1 0 mls
9r = 9 = 30"
Snell
9
2.40
= 291)
9^ =
nh
9,} = 9 = 0,4375
= V3
7/^
2.41
= Xf = 22,44 107 / / . ,
c =
>/
/ = = 4,6 x 14 //
= 0 = 1- = 464 nm .
2.43
= 1,56
2.44
9. = =
= = 1,33 .
u = /t/ = 2 , 1 4 x l 0 m / s .
2.42
9 >9 ,
30
n u
Jh_ __
tfM^crit
__ ^ 2
f -
na
V2
2
( b )
AV
&
a = $crit
A
2
max =45
2.45
max
<Pn
.
b
,
Snell,
n
W &
= 9
(1)
nb = 1 ,
&b = 60
W$cru
nb
=
n
na
(2)
60=
J l - - L
na = *J\ + 2
31
= 1,32
(2)
2.46
f
t
y2 = 2
,
r7 ~ )
' t r1+r2^
=
y = yl+y2
22
'-2
(1)
2
= = 2 m
(1)
r
' = 22
2
2.47
= 3/2 mm
^J
/2 :
' - =
/
'
\2
+ (H + d)2-2
+ =
^/
= 2yja2 +4(H + df
32
-2y/a2+4H2
2.48
< cnt.
b
W0 c r i t = 3
^
r = :,
^-W20crit
2.49
2- 1
)
Snell
' .
=
nbi =
=
=
=
{, )
.
)
/ = =
d
=
(1) (2)
,_(-)_^_
33
(1)
(2)
-2
(3)
Snell
= ^
na = 1
(3) (4)
I = -
(4)
1-
nh = n
I = d \-
W2(p
n2
^ -
2,50
( = ) b
(nh = n), Snell
" = n b w O h
~ n h
(1)
7 +
V/? 2 + 2
= T F = /
2
,
/ +
2
2 JA +
2=
V/i+<?
2 JA 2 +
34
(2)
(3)
h = >. j
V
2.51
4-
= 8cm
: = 0,408 m ,
/ = (2 + )
(1)
+ 2 = {2 + \)^ +
(1) (2)
(2)
=
^
= /
= 0,136 m
2/
' = + = 0,544 m .
2.52
)
yx = (2 - + )
:
35
1
2 =
= \s
2
=
= 2m
= = 2 ml s
)
y = yi+y2(2 -+) + (2 -nr2)
y = 2
2 J
=-
+ r,
2
2 j
(1)
(1)
r. -
r.+r7
+
--
2~--
2
4
2
4/
r r
rx - r2
\~ 2
^ = 0
=
0 ' ( -
2
-
r
2
4
4/
2
y = 2
= (2iV + l)
2
JV = 0, 1, 2 .
, \
rx - r2 = 2 + m
V
2y
ii.
2
/ -r
\ ~r2
2
= 1
4/
- - =
rx~r2 = 2 +
2/
)
7V = 0, 1, 2 .
m
rx~r2
< = 0
- . : 0 2
2
= rad
36
2.53
)
= 10 rad Is
y = 5\0
= 5cm
f - = 5
2
= /
= = 4 cm
y = 52
51
( , y cm,
t s)
)
t = 1 s
= \ 0 - ^
)
ti
= 20cm .
, ti :
(cm)
/V = L = 5
y( cm )
t=l s
x(cm)
20
2.54
y =
= / = 2 0 c m / s
)
7TX
y = 8\
2
. 1 ...
= 4 cm / = = 5
=%^2^-\0
2
37
40
= 8 = 4cm
4
4
= 8
)
= 2
7
= 40cm/s
= 0 =
2
= (2 + 1) x = 2 +1 .
2
2
< < 4 < 2 +1 < 10
* = 0, 1, 2 , 3 , 4
7 . :
-3cm, -lcm,
38
- Pascal
3.1
3.2
( = pgh )
.
3.3
()
3.4
1)
()
2)
()
3)
().
3.5
3.6
.
(^ = 22 )
.
3.7
= (6 + 4 + 4 - 2 - 2 5)m 3 Is 5 m* I s
.
3.8
,
.
.
3.9
1)
. ().
39
2)
si
{ = 2 2 = -^-
=4{ = 4 0 c m / s .
().
3.10
(
).
Bernoulli
3.11
()
,
.
Bernoulli
()
, .
3.12
.
Bernoulli
.
.
,
aim +pgh =
h=
Pg
, ,
.
40
3.13
.
.
.
3.14
.
,
().
3.15
)
)
VA>VB = vr~V/i
>
3.16
>
>
3.17
Pascal -
~1
3.18
L =
F, = F2-
F 2
F, =150 .
41
3.19
= kh .
{ - 22
= 2
khxvx = kh22
h2 = hx = 6,5 m.
2
3.20
= 2 2
1>, =
n L _ ,
=
- = 31,6 m i s
2
Ar,
*2 -
Bernoulli
3.21
= <J2gh (
3-2 Torricelli)
,2:
,
=
Bernoulli
.
2atm
wmKKKKm
+ | 1 + = +;
' = 2 atm = I a i m
1
h = u E = 0 '
2g
' = 2^
3.22
=16,76 ml s
.
Bernoulli ,
42
P+2P"
)
= ' = 1 2 .
F = = 2 = 54 3
2
3.23
Bernoulli
1,2
1
1
2
2
Pi +-p"i+pgh
= 2 + 2
= 2 = 0
1
2
-pvx+pgh
. = y[lgh + .
1
= -pv2
, = 22
, , = Az*j2gh + u12
2 A2gh
=
Af-A2
= , =
12/0 " 5 m3 Is
\ A, - 2
43
3.24
= yj2gh
( 3-2, Torricelli).
= = Ay]2gh
V
At = =
3.25
= 3,33 s
A^2gh
, =
= 22
2 -
2
Bernoulli , .
1
Pa + 2 P V 1
= +
22
1 ,
*P = Pa-PB=-P\
3.26
1 (4
2~"i ) =
At
)
2
= 22 At
V = - A2v2At = 51,6m2,
44
3^ 2
2 A[
= 6 x l 0 3 Pa
sij
= 22 = 2 -
(1).
Bernoulli
2 P V ] =
2pV2
" ^ )
(1) = = 10'
3.27
i2
+ pUl
~ 2
2 y
118000
-mu2
3- - - - -
= -mgh
1
2
= ~mv
mv + mgh = m
2
+ gh
= AW
At
+ gh
Am
At
Am = AV = pv\ = pA
At
At
+ gh = 5000 W
45
3.28
.
Bernoulli
.
i f ?
a,, + Pgh = +- 2
= Pa,m+ pgh2
3.29
= 128 3
3-2 (
Torricelli)
vK=^2gh.
= =>/2
.
figh
2
3.30
h=
= 24,2 cm
2gAA
3-2 (
Torricelli)
= ^2g(h-x)
.
46
S = Dt
(1)
(2)
(1) (2)
^~Vg
= 4hx^4x
42
- 4hx
+ $2 *=
(3)
,
,
16/? 2 -16 2 > 0
h>s
smax = h
(3) s = h
3.31
4h
8
)
3-2
( Torricelli)
= y]2gyx = 2m/s
"h/2
h-yx.
(1)
1 2
(2)
(1) (2),
s
v ~ h yx s xmax
47
0,8.
)
s
= pg(h-sy)
(3)
s x n m
max
(4)
(4) (3)
sxmm = ^ 4 s y ( h - s y )
4s2y-4hsy+sxnux=0
h = \m s i m a x = 0,8m
4s2v - 4s + 0,64 = 0
s
s 1 = 0,8 m
( )
sy2 = 0,2 m
(
)
)
3.30
= 0,5 m
s x m a x .
48
4.1
()
4.2
4.3
().
4.4
(),
4.5
4.6
. ( )
( )
OA
.
= - = 0 .
dt
().
-
4.7
4.8
4.9
49
4.10
F2<F,
F,
4.11
().
4.12
().
4.13
, .
4.14
32 x 10' 3 kgm2.
4.15
Steiner, I cm
, ,
d
d ( = Icm + Md2 ).
4.16
4.17
().
4.18
, ,
.
50
4.19
(),
().
4.20
)
)
)
m g ^ .
-
4.21
4.22
4.23
().
4.24
().
4.25
, ,
.
4.26
-.
.
4.27
().
4.28
1)
2)
4.29
().
51
4.30
120 J
60 J
0
0
40 J
80 J
0
20 J
40 J
4.31
<y
rad/s
raa/s
Nm
kg m
kg m Is
4.32
a7
At
oo(rad/s)
= 0,25 rad / s2
= 0 +
t = - 5-= 72 s
a
")
16
52
4.33
= = 50 rad s
acm =a r
4.34
4.35
= - 5 rad Is2
)
(v cm ).
.
,
, = 2ucm = 1 0 mis.
= 27$
cm =
0)r
/ -
(1)
cm
= -
-
(1)
f = ^ L = 9,9H Z
Im
4.36
= 0 acmt
= 0
tx =
cm
x = v0t1--acmtl
(2)
^0
acm =
- ~
(2)
53
2
= 8 rad / s 2
2 xR
4.37
, .
4.38
4.39
Flx=Fiovv{
F
ly
lW<P
- Fly2x-F2x-F^x
- 16Nm
F, j
'F,
4.40
= 0
F{R{ F2R2 = 0
R
1F,I\,
4.41
60
ZF = 0
= 0
= 0, ,
w
i x-w2(l-x)
w2l
F
A
0
X
w.
=0
= 1,2 m
Wj + w2
54
l x
'
w, ^
4.42
W, (
), w 2 (
- )
Fj F2 ( )
x
F 2 = 0.
F.
F,,
= 0, ,
WjOB - w2x - 0
(1)
,
OB
- 1 m
(1) x =
w,OB
= 0,21 m
= - = 0,79m = 19 cm
79cm .
79 cm .
4.43
EF = 0
= 0
= 0
F = 0
|/
^ =0
F, = 30"
F = w, + w2 -
= 0
)
(2)
( )
55
l '
W,' r
wi;,
-
3 / w2/ - , =
W,
w2+
=30
= 2, +w. = 180./V
(1)
Fx = 30
= 90/3
7,, = wx + w2 - 30 = 50 ./V.
(2)
4.44
Steiner
.
1 ,2 1 , 2
+ ' - , = ML
+ - M L = 1200
/ =/
2 J 12
1 =41 =
4.45
4800 kgm
)
,
.
= {) - ,
= = 20 rad / s2 ( = 0 )
= Ice
FR =
__2
56
10
4.46
.
=
(1)
I .
L
w
2
(1)
j
ML1
3Mg
= 15 rad / s
2 ML
-
4.47
z'z
.
L = L, + L 2
L,
L,
/-
L
I
21
-
cJ
w,
R.
L =V
2
I' = I + mr
57
= '
m:
r :
-MR2
=f -
= f -j
I + mr
= 1,9 Hz
2
-MR +mr
-
4.50
=-2
2
Steiner
1 = 1 +\ 2
4.51
,
=
12
ML2 2
=8 J .
2 3
= 2 +-2
2
= --MR2}-
R
22
4.52
U J
I = MR2
+-2 = -2 = 1507
2
= = 2nf = 400/r W
4.53
-
58
= ^22 -|li2
=-400J
, 400 J.
4.54
= W = 80W
t
)
F
WF = = FL2n = 40 J
)
1
2
= 1 , -
.
1 2
= W,
\2WC
2 WF
iML
= 7,9 rad / s
1
3
)
= Fu
P = FLiy = \5SW
4.55
.
.
mg .
59
/'2
.
m g = ^') 1
Steiner
j 2
ml2
I' = I + m
12
v2y
ml2
ml1
1 ml1
2 3
mg =
- - ^3gl = 3m! s
4.56
= 0
ZF = 0
ZF = 0
1F= 0
A..
/
F,
/% = 0
Fx =
Fy = w
(2)
= 0
( )
-^
'w
-0
(1) (2)
2
Fx = 50-\/3 TV
60
FY =100
F F = ^]FX2 + F2 = 50^7
4.57
4.58
,.
2 /3
-
,
, F
.
.
F
y F x
w .
Fy > wx
y =R h
= \ R2 y2 =ylR2-(R-hf
ylh(2R - h)
F > wR-h
)
w ) F
' ) F'
n (
) Fs ( ).
EF = 0 /% = 0
w=n
(1)
61
=Jh(2R-h)
= ( )
= 30
30
-\^30
-$130
=0
(1)
Fs = sn = sw
wl
4.59
l
w ^>
2 2
, 1 = n
^3
,s =
2
, ( )
. :
= 0-
= 0 {t = tl)
0 = 2nf0
0 = 2n f o - a ^ A
2/rf
(1)
=
/ = ^ 2 = mR2
(2)
(3)
= 3kR = ^
(5)
T =
(4), (5)
n
r.2 2#
lnR - mR
h
62
mR22nfQ
,
= 1
R
Mk *
4.60
L\ ^ <2
I] (0\ ~ 12^2
% ~ 2 2 #
=/\
*2
,=
+ 2 mr = ML + 2 mr2
1
12
I2 = I + 2m
\6j
ML2 +
ml1
12
ML +2mr
ft =
12"
-/ =5,8 Hz
1
12
4.61
(
).
:
1
12 2rv
+mi)2 = mgh
mR
25
*,
2
h =
10g
,
,
63
30
OA =
4.62
OA =
h
30
ZF. = rnacm
14 2
= 3,5 m
10g
wx-3
= macm
la
ron,
3 R = \mR2ay(0V
7s = -mRa/on,
ayo)VR = acm 3 = ~macm
(1) (2)
2
7
mg 30 = macm +~macm =-macm
5
<*an=-gw
4.63
- 0 25 .
30 = m/s
(2)
, 2
,
a-R = a
(1)
) , 2
Wj-, = mxa
(2)
w2 = m2a
(3)
= h +
3 0 ).
h .
64
= Iay(OV
=^mR2a
(Tl-T2)R
1
a
,2 = mR
1
2
2
R
T,-T2=ma
(4)
2
(2), (3) (4)
w1-w2 = m] +m2+m
m, -m2
ml + m2 +
4.64
.
-g = 4m/s
.
W = -mu22~2
mv,
'
2 = co2R2
Rx
W = ^moj]Rl
- ^ma>xRl
(1)
,
I(0 12( 2
mRfcox =mR2co2
0 = *
1
/?,2
(1)
1
W = -mcofR2
1
2
r
1
R2
KR2
65
= 43,2 J
4.65
4.66
AL = L 2 - L ,
AL = L 2 + ( L j)
AL = -Jl2 + L\
, = L2= 1
= Ico-Jl
AL = 4,5^2 kgm2 /s
L,
1
1
=-1--1
FRU
= --mR2o)2
22
4.67
AL
32 k F
32;20/
- =
= 50 kg
Rco
20x10 64^
3< $
>
3< ,,^
.>
(1)
mgavvcp
66
-L,
3R =mR
mRav,,
^ = ^
(1)
5>
Ra
(2)
(3)
2 gauvcp
a
cn, -
Yo>VR
>=~-
(4)
(3)
5 >
Igauvcp
= macm mg-3=macm
(6)
mRa
(6) (2)
ywv
- = macm
mg
ma
(4) mg
acm =
cm
macm
2 g ^
(5)
5^--
67
(5)
4.68
Y.F = macm
w-T
= macm
mg-
a
= la
cm
= macm
mg-T
(1)
m
(
)
TR=mB*a
(2)
..
=-^-
(3)
mR
.U=0
= mg
-AL = zT = TR = ^
At
3
AL
= 6xl0-3
kgm2/s2
At
)
.
1
1, 2
mgh7 = mu 2 +-
cm
= -BL
R
I = mR2
2
_ = 2.1 = 2 mis.
3
68
R2
= - 2
4
""
4.69
,
.
n
t
'
y=0
>0
w+n =
R
w = mg
=0
mg =
mo
^ssl
uAmin = JgR
.
, 1
1
2
2
2
UA
I
I = mr , = , = oAmm =-yJgR
5
r
h hmin.
12__2 , 1
g mm = mg2R + mr2 + - mgR
m h
2 5
.
R R 27 R
.
,
=
= 54 cm.
min = 2R 5 1
2
10
69
4.70
= -Dx
ZF y
= 0 ( )
= 3-32 = - 2
/% = nx+n2-w = 0
(1)
= w-n2
(2)
U
2
d
-, (d + ^ = 0
U j
:
(2)
+ =0
-(w-n2)
id
W +
2 2 =
(3)
(2)
wd
2 (d-x)
, =w-
'
(4)
w
=
(d
12
(d
2
70
2\
2/^wg
lFx
jc
d
2 mg
D =
d
= -Dx
4.71
=2
Im
2 %
,.
I
) J
=mRl
KCtl
KOI
= J
!. =
mR2 mR
,
=
= 1,75 rad / 5 .
I R
I
71
5.1
*
)
. w
w
.
.
1 , 1 ,
= +2 = 0 AT = AT, +2 = mo~ + mu~ = 0
)
( 0) .
5.2
5.3
()
5.4
()
5.5
()
5.6
. , ,
. [ 2.
5.7
()
5.8
5.9
()
72
5.10
.
0.
5.11
()
5.12
()
5.13
= + u ,
= - u .
5.14
= u + ,
= 2 + 2 .
5.15
5.16
.
.
.
5.17
.
.
5.18
(), ().
73
Doppler
5.19
()
5.20
5.21
f < /
</
f > /
>/
f = /
)
)
> /
5.22
)
-
m = + mu2
m(u, -
(2)
= 20 mis.
=-2
+ -mu2 2 -~mu2 1 = - 1 3 6 0 0 /
2
2
2
.
-
)
(1) (2), ,
,
1
1
0 - = Wj
- =-5
)
= Mg
1
= // Mgs .
2
5=
= 40 m
2 8
74
5.23
(5.8) (5.9) ( 156
),
3
[ =
=-6mIs
(-) [
m + 3m
.
,
2 =
5.24
2m
= 6 mis
m + 3m
)
m,ux -m2v7
= [mx + m2p
]]-22
mx + m2
= -Q,33mIs
(-)
m 2 .
)
\
L100% = -2
<*
5.25
-2
100% = 98 %
1
2
1 m v2
~,,
+
7 7
2
2
mx-m2
,
mx + m2
mx - m2
m,1 +m
' ' "7
2
m2 =
mx
= 0,5 kg
mx - m2
=
3 mx+m2
m2 = 2 mx = 2 kg
15
5.26
(+)
*
>
,'
4!
,'
!
, .
:
,2
(1)
1
,2
(2)
(1)
{+')=2(2'
+ 2)
(3)
(2)
mx (; - '2 )= 2 (22 - 2 )
(4)
(4) (3)
- = 2-2
2=-+2
(5)
2 (1)
=
= S m / s
mx + m2
(5)
2 =\ mis
5.27
/2
.
m
.
76
5.28
mn
(1 ) m ,
(1 + 1 )
2m,,
(2 + 2 ) 4 mn
(5.8) ,
,
'
m.-m.
\
m + mn
m - 2 m n f
=-
mn + 2mn
m - 4 mn
3,
, =
mn+4mn
5
,
'100% =
~
100% = 100%
1
1
1
2
m, m
:,
, 2
2
100% =
mux
y~
100 % = 88,9 %
2
~m n v x
2
1 3, 2
1
2
*,
ml 2
2 VI 5 J
1 ,
^ 100 % =
100 % = 64 %
1 mnv\
2
77
5.29
)
V
.
V Vx
Vy y (. 5.7).
, ,
"
^
y
Vy =
mx + m2
m 2
m , + m
,
\2
\\
V -
Kmx+m2j
m \2
2 2
= 6 mis
ytnx + m2 j
, ,
m2u 2
m, + m2
m2u2
mxv{
3
4
m, + m2
)
2 1
2
-mxux +m2u2 = - 1 7 4 J
yZ
78
5.30
-
mo j = MV + mu2
(1)
(2)
- (1)
(2)
2gl
= 0,516
5.31
= + u
( )
1 = + u = 25 km/ h,
,
-u = \5 km! h
=tx+t2 =
= 2,56 h
2
79
5.32
u
'
,
=u+
5.33
= / 2 + '2
= - = -
mu = (m + M)V
)
500 mis
m
- = 2m! s
m+
'
' = -u
'2 = -u
V' = V-u
'
80
-
5.34
+ x2m2 +
15
X
cm =
ml + m2 + mi
yxmx +y2m2+yimi
_9
m, + m2 + m3
5.35
m,
- - -
yc
y (m)
-C~^
m2
- - - -
3 x(m)
(0, 0)
(d, 0)
-
~cT
dm
r
=4,46x105m
m r + mH
1500 .
5.36
'
s/2
-
.
0
C
.
.
.
S
+ ms
m
cm
(1)
+m
81
' dj
= V
+ md
V
+
4-
(1) (2)
+ ms
d -f~ + md
+ m,
+m
2y
, m s
= 2m
+m
'
- .
.
() = - m
(3)
.
(3)
0 = m
(4)
d .
(4) d =
5.37
jflS
= 2m.
m+
F =u
F =
dt
82
= 140000
= = 14 mis2.
5.38
F =
dt
u
dm
=
dt
F =
dm , .
=
= 40 kg / s .
d t u
Doppler
5.39
f -~
JA ~
Js
fs .
9
/
r
J A = J s
10
5.40
/ =
10
, = - 3 4 m i s .
10
-,
, us
fs .
,
(1) (2)
+ ,
/
+
- =
f ~ f
/+
83
= ,9 m s
(2)
(1)
/ j = / i
<ZJ
47WZ.
5.41
'
.
' . 1
,
,
, ,
1
2 1 . 1
,
.
1
2 , .
.
'
mv, = mv[ + mx>\
1 = , + 2
, , ,
'2
.
2 = [2 + '2 + 2['2
', 2
84
(1)
1
,2 1
2
2
mu, = mu',
+ mu'-,
1
2
2
2 = '2 + '22
(2)
(1) (2)
= 0
= 90"
5.42
)
mu = (in + m)v
/
V=
xsumxsuuo
M V
(1)
m+
-
(1)
(2)
1
0 --{m + M)V2 =Wj
(2)
wxm
mu
[m +
\m +
2
m2 2
= - - 2
max
= 0,1 m
K(m + M)
1
,
U ~
^max
85
mv--^Kxl
100% = ^
<*
5.43
1
2
mu
2
-100% = 95%
mu = (m + M)V
= m + V
(1)
m
-
(I) (II)
()
()
0 -^(m
+ )2
u=o
V = A /2g/(l - )
(1)
u=
m + M
si2gl(\-)
m
(I)
=K,=jmu
E,.
m+M
1
= - m
V
y]2gl(\-<wve)
86
(m + M ) 2
m
gliX-)
= U = (m + M)gh = (m + M)gl( 1 - )
\
5.44
(m + )2
- )-(m
+ M)gl(\ - ) = 255 J
2 = (m, + m2)V
V=
m] + m2
(I) (II)
o - i ( m , + m ; ) r 2 =w + w,
W
w
= -(W1
W3 = -3s
+ m2 )gm<P
- - Kns = - (w, + m2 ^
1/
I m,1 +
2
m, m m+ m
2j
= -(w, + m2 )g s- (m, + m2 )g
m22o
s=
2 (m, + m2 )2 g( + )
87
= 1,8 m
wx
= (ml + m2 ) - 250
3 = = \mx + m2 )gauv<p = 250
wx = 3
5.45
-
1 (I)
(II)
>
h,
-mu =W.
2
'
= % ^
1
2
mu = m g s 1
h2\
>'
u = J.2^7{
mu = 2mV
g g
5,
-
(III) (IV)
0 - - 2 mV2 =+
2
Ww =2mg (s-s,)
W~ = -3( - 5,) = -(
88
g w
m-
5,
+ 27^(5-5,)
2avv(p(s-sl)
13
)
.
= 0
=^-2^=347
5.46
-
.
.
.
y2
2 =
m+M
yx=H -y2 =
= m
m+M
m+M
89
5.47
)
-
mi (3)
(4)
1
2
W,
0 m,v,
1 1
2
W3 = -3jc : -/uKnx = -JuKmlgx
(1)
m,
(2)
m, m,
-~
m,
,
,2
(3)
= ~MK\gx
4 =
m2 ,
, m,
m1l - m 2 , = ^,, =
, - -
m{ + m2
3
(4)
m, m,
m,
m2
, - -2>[ = -S^jY/J^gx
[)
- m
(1) (2)
-^
fV3 = -3x = -
W3
= - KmAgx
1
1
2
m,u,
-m,v
1 1
2
2
^k/ZMkgx]
0 = ^/^^^
~~^o
90
-Km\gx
= ~&
= 10 mis
m2
~7
m] + m 2
= |3/2^^ =
- m 2
(3) (4)
0--mu'2
W3 = -3s = -2$
5.48
1
2
m2u2
=W^
= - Km2gx
ji
s =-
2
/"^g
=-m2gs
= 4 = 4m
- 1
(I) (II)
Wwi = ^
1
,
mxux = mlgl
= ]2g I
91
, -m2
= ,1 = - J
mx+m2
2m
=
, =
mx+ m2
[
1 .
- 1
(III) (IV)
0-{,<=
Ww] = -^
S,
,
[J2 = -^
s{ =
2 gW
I =,1 m
=
2 4
2
,,
F
& = w2,
= &
rn2gW<p
2
$ 2 .
- 2
(III) (IV).
0-i
92
wi = m iS s 2
1
- m2o2 = 2
~2mi
)
-
.
~ (mB
1 r.
2+-^i -~52+*,)
\2
s 2 =0,lV5m
5.49
1 1
2
s2 + Kx2 - (s 2 + x,)
+ m\
V.
- = 5 m/s
mB +mx
( - 2)
.
(mB + mx)V = (mB + mx+m2
)V
mB +m,
V = 1 m/s
mB + ml + m2
.
Q = ^mB2B -^(mB+m
+m2)V2
93
= 247,5 J
)
( - )
2 .
3 = = { + W, ) g
=5m/s1
a=-f=
+ mx)
\mB + m,)
V = V - atx
tx =V-V = 0,85
1 ,
s = Vt,1 a t , = 2,4m
2 '
2
2.
2 t] , ,
1,2
2
s=atx
, 3
m2
= =
u(mR+m,)g
,
,7
= 1,25 mis
m2
s' = 0,4 m
As = s-s' = 2m
5.50
2)
2 = 2 - ,
^
-,
94
.
5.51
f
A
- rf
(1)
f ~ fs
-
fs
f = fAX =603,5
1 = 4 0 m / s .
d = atx
A1 =atl
/(Hz)
a = ^ - = 2m/s2
2d
(1) = at
fA
r
fA ~
u + at
fs
t (s)
a
^
fA~ f s
fA =
5.52
5.53
fs =415 Hz
Av fA ,
fs vs
fA =
fs
+
95
o s =-
fA-fs
- = 18,9 m/s
fA
5, = 500 m s2 = 2000 m .
5, = vAtl
s,
s2
,
us
s2 = ust\
s.
s2
, = , - = 4,72m/s
~vs
=355//
96
6.1
.
.
6.2
6.3
, '
, 1 0 . ,
c, ,
.
6.4
()
6.5
'
,
.
[ Lorentz
At =
, '
F?
. ( '
)].
6.6
.
.
6.7
()
6.8
()
97
6.9
600m
.
0,99 c .
6.10
u
' . ,
' + u
,
1+
6.11
u = 0
u 0
=c
= '
> '
=
+u
c+u
=
=c
. u ,
u
I
C
I
C
6.12
(), ().
6.13
y .
.
6.14
. '
.
, ,
.
6.15
mc 2
.
2
J\-o /c
. ,
98
,
.
6.16
(6.15) (6.16)
c .
6.17
()
.
6.18
()
6.19
vi/nvnv
.
l = \0m
/0 = 2 0 m .
I /0
I = l0 J 1
( )
I2
u = c 1 - = 0,87 c
V
6.20
At =
6.21
In
f?
=35,5 min
At0 = 1 h
At = 2 h
99
( )
/0 At
, '" :
At =
( )
*-
6.22
At At0.
/n
At. =
f
At At0
/
At - At,
5-100% =
Atn
-1 100% = 15,5%
3.23
= mc" = 9 x 1 0 J
6.24
To E0=mc2
= 0,5 c
=-
mc2
1-
mc2
/1-0,5 2
= -
= , mC
-mc2
2
Vl-0,5
=1,4X10 1 9 J
100
6.25
JYIQ2
/TIC2
= , / = =
, /
= . mc2
(0,511 MeV)
m 2
I
j)
s,
(0.99c)'
I
L
= 0,582Me V
m c 2
=
'
\2
(0.9c)'
= 2,45 MeV
6.26
= 4 ^ = =
"
'
= 367fon
7
i-0,8c
c
7 =7
' =
MX
' = ,
0,8cx
= ,
f?
6.27
= 1,28 ms
, ,
/ = /0 J 1
/ =
u=-
(1) (2)
ut = /0J 1 -
101
(1)
(2)
6.28
u = l0c ,
=
= 0,083c
2 2
0 +/q
At =
Atn
( )
f?
( At At0 )
At0 = AtJ 1 = 99,87 100
5 .
5
2 6 = 64
1000
50
50 2 51 .
6.29
~- = 0,8c
+ 0,6c
'
- = 0,946c
, 0,6c,
' =
\ ~
c
6.30
l+"'^0,8c
c
.
.
~ (mp + mn - md)c2
102
= 3 , 5 6 4 x l 0 ~ 1 3 J = 2,22MeV
6.31
At
u At0
,
At = ,
f
Atn
( )
u=c|l=
At2
At
103
2,78x10 8 mis
7.1
,
,
.
7.2
. ,
quantum .
7.3
, ,
.
7.4
. .
.
7.5
7.6
(), ().
7.7
Compton
7.8
104
..
7.9
)
Compton
.
)
,
he
,.
=
he !-, ,
.
- = hc = >
rhc
,;
(+ )
(1)
, ,
(2)
<2
7.10
().
7.11
h
,
,
,
yllmK
= = ,
-
- .
7.12
7.13
()
()
()
(), ().
7.14
105
7.15
Einstein
\ -h/-
2=/2-
7.16
=^ ~
/L
= hfx - = -
19
c = 0,2861 10~ J = 0,18eF
Einstein
-2=}-
2
7.17
^ mu=
,2
2
eF0=/:
= /-
7.18
he
ncicin-19y J = \,3eV
2,0575xl0~'
K = hf-
he
he ^rr
=~.
= 13V
Ae e
hfmm
he
^max
l,78eF
hfmm
he
^min
3>,\eV
. .
106
7.19
eV0=K
eV0 =
he
eV^ = --
he
7.20
= /-
=
he
eV0=l,82eV
' =
he
eV^ +
= 382 nm
hf0 = = 37,11 x 1 (20 J
= /- = \,2eV
7.21
At = 0,1s
= At.
=
2 = r2PAt
4 kR2
4R
2:
:= E L = ^ L = a P A a = 6 0 3 x l 0 l 3
hf
1.22
he
4R he
=.
pe = meu
= mev
h
= 3,64 nm
mev
.
7.23
= 2.
,
( - )
107
=
1
= 2_
At At'
.
, At At
Ft=N&t^
= N2p
= 5 x 1026 / s
= - ^ =
2
7.24
At
2k
K^hf-
V0 ()
eV0 =
he
7.25
eV0 =hf -
V0 =
= 1,2 V
hf>
he
-^
= = 4,6 x 1 (7 m = 460 nm
7.26
= -
eVl=K]
" ^ ~
108
eVx =
he
he
eV2 = hf2 -
2=^-
2
V2 2 = - - ^ = 4,47V
2 e
hf -> 0
f - ~
/ 0 = = 510 14
Compton
7.27
'
,
' - = ( - )
mc
7.28
' = + 1 ( - )
mc
^? = 30
' = 2,7 pm
= 60
= 3,6 pm
' = + ( - )
mec
= 180
' = 1,49x10~ m
(1
AE = hf'-hf = hc - - = -41 4/-?
,2' 2 ,
109
7.29
E = hf =
= = 6,2 10 ~12 m
h
{[-)
mc
'-
' =
mec
( )
' = 8,610~12 m
= 90
( - )
h
( - )
mc
" = +
= 60
" = 7,410
tie
" = hf = = 2,68 "14 J = 0,168 Me F
A
7.30
de Broglie '
, = 3,6xlO~ 10 m
)
)
A= 2xl0
= 1,65 10 ~i9m
110
7.31
eV = K = ^
2m
= \j2meV
de Broglie
h= , h
3 =
= 1 0 ,m
V2meV
7.32
he
= hf = = 1987,8xl0~ 19 J = \2A2eV
)
de Broglie
pe=~
Pe
^
h^
1
=m ] =-&- = = 2,41 "19 J = \,5eV
2me
2Aeme
7.33
>
2
,>
100
= = m
100
100
mu
111
> 0,96 m
7.34
7.35
At = 10 Ss .
h
AEAt >
2
h
>
> 0,66x10~ eV
2
h
=
h
= mo
3 =
mv.
de Broglie
>
2
= =
mAux
mvx
>
2
>
-^2
112
>
mvx
2
22
39
49
72
97
104
,
.
, .
7 1129 15/21
1946 ( 1946, 108, ).
,
(copyright), ,
.