3 69 T IT U S 3:3

love and co nstancy. -Similarly, the older women should behave as though they I Co 13:13 +
were religious, with no scandalmo ngering a nd no habitual wine-dri nking-they
4 are to be the teachers of the right beha viour -and show the you nger women how
they should love their husbands and love their chil dren, -how they are to be Ep 5:22
Co l };18
sensible and chaste, and how to work in their homes, and be gentle, and do as 1 Tm2:12

their husbands tell them, so that the message of G od is never disgraced. -In the
sa me way, you have got to persuade the younger men to be moderate -and in I T m 6: 1

everything you do- make yourself an example to them of working for good: when 2 Th3 ;7+

TITUS you are teaching, be an example to them in your sincerity and earnestness -and
in keep ing all that you say so whole some that no body can make objec tions to it ;
I Tm 4:12
I P 5:3+
I Tm 1:10 +

and then any o pponent will be at a loss, with no acc usation to mak e against us. I Tm 5:14 +

TH E LETT ER F ROM PAU L TO T ITUS Tell the slaves that they are to be obedient to their mas ters and always do what Ep 6:5-8
Co l 3:22 +
I T m6 :1+
10 they wan t witho ut an y a rgument; -and th ere must be no pett y thieving-they Phm 18·19
mu st show com plete honesty at all times, so th at they are in every way a cred it
to th e teach ing of G od our saviour. ITml : l +
Address
Rm 1:1 + Fr o m Pa ul, servant of G od, an ap ost le of Jesus Christ to br ing those who m
I Tm 2:4 j
1 God has chose n to faith a nd to the knowledge of the truth tha t leads to true
Nb 23:19 religio n ; -a nd to give thcm the hope of the eternal life that v.as promised so lo ng 2
II
The basis of the Christian moral life
Yo u see, G od's grace has been revealed, and it has mad e salvation possible for 3;4
2 T m 1: 10 +
H ob 6: 1S t 12 the whol e hum an race -a nd taught us that what we have to do is to give up every-
2 T m 2:13 ago by Go d. He does not lie -a nd so, at the ap po inted time, he revealed his
,..f c·I :7 + thing that does not lead to Go d, and all ou r worldly ambitions ; we must be I In 2:16
Rm 3:26 decisio n, a nd, by the co mmand of G od o ur savio ur, I have been co mmissioned to
J r-. t.r-« , 13 self-restrained and live good and religiou s lives here in this present world , -while
z Co ]: 13+ proclaim it. -To Titus, tr ue chi ld of mine in the faith tha t we sha re, wishing you
II 4
we are waiting in hope for the blessing which will come with th e Appearing of the I Tm i .n }
grace and peace from God the Father a nd from Christ Jesus o ur saviour. I Tm2:6 +
14 glory of our great G od and saviour Chr ist Jesus. b • He sacr ificed himsel f for
Ps 130:8
1 T m 3: 1-7
The appointme nt of elders us in order to set us fr ee from all wickedness and to purify a people so that it could Rm 3:24 +
be his very own and would have no ambition except to do goo d. Ex / 9:5
A c I ! :30 -t- T he reaso n I left you behi nd in Crete was for you to get everythi ng orga nised D ' 7:6 +
l t m 12 :H I; Now th is is what you are to say, whether you are giving instruction o r En 5:25-27
Ep 4:12 + the re" and a ppoint elder s" in every tow n. in the way that I told yo u: - that is, eac h 6
I T h 5: 12 co rrecting erro rs; yo u ca n do so with full a uthor ity, and no o ne is to question it. I Tm 4:12
I T m 5: 170\- of them must be a man of irrep roacha ble charac ter: he must not have been married
H oh 13:7+
J m 5: 14 + mo re than on ce. a nd his ch ildren mu st be believers and not unco ntrollable or General instructi on for believers l-
i"
I T m 3: 15 liable to be charg ed with d isorderl y co ndu ct. -Since, as president, he will be G od' s 7
H cb 1:2f R m 13:1-7
Re mind them that it is their duty to be obedient to the officials and represe nt-
2 T m 2:24
I P 5:2
representat ive, he must be irreproach a ble: never an arroga nt or ho t-tempe red
man , nor a heavy d rinker or violen t. nor ou t to make mone y ; •but a man who s
3 atives of the govern ment; to be ready to do good at every opportunity; -not
to go slande ring other peop le or picking quarrels, but to be cou rteous and always
I T m 2:2 +
I P 2:13· 14
Ph 4:5 ~
is hospitable and a frie nd of all that is good ; sensible. mural , devo ut and I Th 3:12 :r:
polit e to all kind s of peo ple. •Remember, there was a time when we to o were R m 1:29+ c..
self-co ntrolled; -and he must have a firm gras p o f the unch anging message of the 9 3:2 1-26
1 Co 6:11
II I T m 1:10 + tra dition , so that he ca n be co unted o n for both expo und ing the so und doc trine 1 a. As usual . Paul had begun the wo rk of ev angel- En 2:3-10
deri ved fro m G od . Ac 20:28. and we re cha r ism ati c. Co l 3:7
and refuting those who a rgue agai nst it. isati on a nd th e n left it [0 be co m p leted by ot hers. I Co r 1 2: 2 ~ . T he word eotscooos ev e n tual ly rep laced I P4;3
00
cf. I Co 3:6. 10 : Co l 1:7 +: Rm 15:23 t. analogous t itles like 'orotsramenos: (offi cial) Rm 12:8 : w
b . In the ea rlies t da ys ea ch C h ristia n co mmu nity I T h 5:12. oo i men (pastor, she pherd ) En 4: 11, ' hegou- :r:
Op posing the false teachers was gove r ned by a body o f elder s Cpre sb vt ers ' , whence m ellos' (gu ide, lead er) Heb 13:7, 17.24. These heads
E nglish wor d ' priests' ) or p ro m inen t peop le, T h is was o f the local co mm unity w ho de veloped in to o ur pr iest s
I T m 4: 1 An d in fact you have there a great man y peo ple who need to be disciplin ed, 10
2 Tm 3:13 the case both in Jer usa lem ( Ac 11:30; 15:2f ; 21: 18) t prcsb sterot l and b ishops ((' pisc opo!) ....'ere hel ped by
who talk nonsense a nd try to ma ke ot hers believe it, pa rticu lar ly am o ng tho se and in the Disp er sion (A c 14:23 : 20: 17: T t 1:5) and it dtacon oi (d ea co ns ). Th e rr ansform at ton o f a loca l
2 T m 3:6 of the Circumcisio n.• T hcy have got to be silenced : men of this kind ruin whole II
me re ly co ntinued both t he ancient pr a ct ice of th e O.T .,
Ex 18: 13f ; Nb II: 16: Jo s 8: 10 ; I S 16:4 : Is 9: 14 ; Ez k 8: 1,
assem bly r uled by a b Jd Y o f bishops o r p res by ters,
int o a n asse m bly r uled by a s ing le bish op set o ver
.~,
I Tm6: 10 familie s, by teaching thin gs th at t hey o ught no t to, a nd doin g it with the vile mot ive II etc.. and the mor e recen t pr actice o f th e Jews, Ezr 5:5; a number of pr iests ( 3 sta ge reach ed by the time o f
10:14 ; Jdt 6: 16: Lk 7:3 : 22:66 ; Ac 4:5 etc., cr. Josephus, Igna ti us of A ntioch, died c. 107 A.D J mu s t ha ve
of making mone y. - It was o ne of themselves, o ne o f their own prophets, who 12 P h ilo etc . The se 'emscooot' (s upe rv isor s, ove rseers . in vo lved the intermediat e s tage when a sing le eotscopos
said ,c 'Creta ns were never a nything but liars , dan gero us anima ls a nd lazy': -a nd wat che rs, gua rd ia ns) wh o a re not yet 'b isho ps' and in ea ch co m mun ity was given the same pow er s o ver
~
I)
who a re ment ion ed in co nnectio n with th e 'a taconoi : th at local commun ity which had previously been
that is a true stat ement. So you will have to be severe in co rrecting them, and (servants, a ttenda nt s. assista nts . d eput ies, ministe rs: exercised o ver sever al co m m un it ies by the apostl es
I T m 1:4 + . mak e th em sou nd in the faith -so th at they stop takin g notice of Jewish myth s 14 'deacon s' : Ph 1: 1: 1 T m 3: 1- 13; th e A pos to lic Fa the rs) o r th ei r re p resen ta tives li ke Tim othy o r T itu s.
10
seem in some passages, Tt 1:5.7 ; A c20: 17.28. to be c, Q uo ta tio n attribute d to th e C reta n p oet
a nd doi ng what they are told to do by peo ple who are no lon ger intere sted in the identi cal with the eld ers. T he Gree k wo rd epi scopos, Enimcn rdes of K nossos (6t h c. B.C ,); first ha lf Quot ed
truth. ta ke n ov er fr om th e pa ean wo rld p robab ly as an equi- by Ca llimac hus of A lexa nd ria (ear ly Jrd c. B.C.)
valent for a semitic tit le (cf. th e M ebaaqer of the Essenes, MZ
M ' 15: 1I . To all who are pure them selves, ever ything is pure ; but to those who have been 15 ~ ...,
18-20p :23: a nd cr . Nb4: 16: 31:14 ; J.9 :28 : 2 K 11:15.18 : 12: 11.
25-26n co rrupted and lack fait h, no thing ca n be pure- the cor ruptio n is both ill their etc.) indi cat ed the d u ty of a n o fficer, w hile ores bvt eras 2 a . Or ' . to be mod erate in every th in g th ey do:
R m 14: 14-20 indicated th e sta t us o r djgnity of th e sa me officer. make ' T he vir tue of bein g 'sensiblet.o r 'm od er ate ',
minds and in their consciences, -T hey cla im to have knowledge of Go d but the 16 The etnscopot in the college o f pr esbyters ma y h ave cf. I :H. was ex tremely Greek: her e it su ms up a ll t he
thi ngs they do are nothing but a denial of him ; they a re o utrageo usly rebellious ta ke n turn s to ca r r y o u t thei r officia l d uti es. cf. I Tm 5: po ssib le vir tues of you ng peop le. b u t Pau l urg es
17. It is Quite certa in that C h ristia n nresbvterot OJ moder ati on freq uently all through th e P ast oral Lett er s.
an d quit e incapa ble of doin g good. eptscop oi were no t mere ly co ncerne d with the pra ctical cr. 1 T m 2:9. 15: 3:2 : 2 Tm 1:7 : Tt 2:2 .5.12 . .,
:::>
side of or ga n isin g things: they h ad to teach. 1 Tm 3:2 : b. T his verse is reeurarrv acc ep ted by the Fa thers
Some specific moral instruction 5:17 ; T t 1:9. and go vern. I Tm 3:5; T t 1:7. T hey were a s a s ta te me nt of th e di vini ty of C hr ist. cf. Rm 9:5 + ,
appointed by the apostles , Ac 14:23, or their repre- but p oss ibl y translate ' . .. Go d. and of our savi our
I T m 6:20 + It is for you, then , to preach the behav iour which goes with healthy do ctr ine. sentatives, T t 1:5. by t he im posit io n of hands, C hris t Jesus' , Fo r Christ as ' the br igh tness of the glo r y
I T m5 :1-2 ;
6:11 2 The older men sho uld be reserved . dignified, moderate, sound in faith and
1
1 T m 5:22. cf', 1 T m 4:14 + : 2 T m 1:6; their p owers of th e Fa ther' , cf Reb 1:3 +.
~
rr
 3:4 TI T U S 370
ignora nt, disobedient and misled and enslaved by differen t passions an d luxuries ;
we lived then in wickedness and ill-will, hatin g each other and hatef ul ourselves.
2:11
L'Trn It l -l- But when the kindness and love of God our saviou r for mankind were revealed, 4
2 T m 1: 10 +
Rm6:1 it was not because he was concerned with any righteo us actions we might have 5
2Tm 1:9
In 3:5 do ne ourselves; it was for no reaso n except his own compassion that he saved us,
R m5 :5:
6:4 + by means of the cleansing water of rebirt h and by renewing us with the Holy Spirit
2 Co 13:13 +
Ep 5:26 wh ich he has so generously poured over us through Jesus Christ our saviour.
ITm l: l +
Rm 3:24: He did this so that we should be ju stified by his grace, to become heirs looking
8:17. 24
forward to inheriting eternal life. a -This is doctrin e that you can rely on .
Personal advice to Titus PHILEMON
I T m l : 15+
I want you to be quite uncompromising in teaching all this, so that those who
now believe in God may keep their minds constantly occupied in do ing good
works . All this is good, a nd will do nothi ng but good to everybody .• But avo id THE LETTER FROM PAUL TO PHILEMON
I Tm 1:4 +
pointless speculat ions, and those genealogies, and the quib bles and disputes abo ut
the Law-these are useless and can do no good to anyone. -If a man disp utes 10
M1I8: 15-17p Address Rml:l+
what you teach, then afte r a first and a seco nd warnin g, have no more to do with
him: b -you will know that any man of that sort has already lapsed and condem ned 11 From Paul, a prisoner of Chr ist Jesus and from our brother Timothy; to our Ac I6 :1+

himself as a sinner. dear fellow worker Philemon, -our sister- Apphia, our fellow soldier Archipp us Col 4:17
2 T m 2:3
and the church that meets in your ho use; -wishing you the grace and the peace
Rm 16:5 +
Practical recommendations, farewells and good wishes of Go d our Fa ther and the Lord Jesus Christ.
Ac 20:4+
2 T m 4: 12 As soo n as I have sent Artemas or Tychicus to you, lose no time in jo ining 12
Thanksgiving and prayer IIE p 1:15-16
me at Nicopolis, where I have decided to spend the winter. -Sce to all the travelling 13 IICol l :3f
Ac 18:24 + 1 always mention you in my prayers and tha nk God for you, -because 1 hear
arrangements for Zenas the lawyer and Apollos, an d ma ke sure they have every-
thing they need. -Al l our people arc to learn to occupy themselves in doing good 14 of the love and the faith which you have for the Lor d Jesus and for all the saints. I Co 13:13+
Ac 9:IJ +
works for their practical needs as well,' and not to be ent irely unprod uctive. 6 I pray that this faith will give rise to a sense of fellowship tha t will show you all P h 1:9-11
All those who arc with me send their greetings. Gree tings to those who love 15 the good things that we are able to do for Christ. b .1 am so delighted, and com- Co l 1:9- 11
2 In 4-6
us in the faith . Grace" be with you all. forted, to know of your love; they tell me, brother, how you have put new heart
into the saints.
The request about Onesimus
Now, although in Christ 1 can have no diffidence about telling you to do ::;;
:r:
whatever is your duty, ·1 am appeali ng to your love instead, reminding you that ll.

th is is Paul writing, an old man now and, what is more, still a prisoner of Christ E p 3:1 ; 4: 1
Co l 4:18
10 Jesus. ·1 am appealing to you for a child of mine, whose father 1 became - while I Co 4: 16 0)
II wearing these chai ns: 1 mean Onesimus.• He was of no use to you before, but he Ga4:19
Co l 4:9 w
J:
12 will be useful" to you now, as he has been to me. ·1 am sending him back to you, I T h 2:11

13
14
15
16
17
18
19
3 a. T he effects of ba p tism a re: re bi rt h. free Io rni ve- believe: gr o u ps of people who ag ree o n the sa me choice
ness by C hrist . recept ion o f h is Ho ly Sp iri t, are ' sects' (o ffs hoots of pa ren t bodi es) .
c. Li t. ' fo r urgen t needs ' or 'f o r t he necessit ies o f
d. R m 5:5 -1- . a nd the im me d iat e en joy me n t of a ll r igh ts
as hei r to ete r na l life (t he p rese nce o f the Ho ly Sp ir it life' . T his is p er ha ps a po s tscr ipt to 3:8: t hey mu st
be ing a ple dge of t his . cf. 2 Co 1:22 ). learn to do good wo rks not o nly for the Rood of their
b . Li t. 'Avoid any hereti cal m an af ter o ne o r two so u ls but a lso fo r a livin g: they a re no t to be par as ites
wa rnings"; Pau l uses a con tem po ra r y ph iloso p h ica l o n soc iety.
term ; e tvm ologtca lly a ' he re tic' is so meo ne who ins tead d , Ad d . 'of th e Lo rd" o r ( Vu lg.) 'o f (jod '. Vu lg.
of be ing o pe n to a ll tr uth c hooses wha t truths he will adds 'Am en ' a t th e e nd ,
and with him- I could say-a part of my own self.' .1 should have liked to keep
him with me ; he could have been a substitu te for you, to help me while 1 am in the
chains that the Go od News has brou ght me. -However, 1 did not want to do .~,
anyt hing without your consent; it would have been forcing your act of kindness,
which should be spontaneous. ·1 know you have been deprived of Onesimus for
a time,! but it was only so that you could have him back for ever , -not as a slave R m 6:15-+
Ep 6:5-9 ll.
any more, but someth ing much better than a slave, a dear brothe r ; especially Col 3:22-4:
~
dear to me, but how much more to you, as a blood- brot her as well as a brother
in the Lord.. -So if all that we have in common means anything to you, welcome
him as you would me; -b ut if he has wron ged you in any way or owes Tt 2: 10
you anything,' then let me pay for it. ·1 am writing this in my own handwriting: CoI 4 :18 + '? z
"I "
a , Va r. 'ou r beloved Apphia', or 'o ur be loved cf . I Co 4:15; Ga 4:19.
sister A pp hi a' , d. A p un : ' O nest mu s' me an s 'u se fu l'. er, P h 4:3.
b, Lit. ' that the fello wsh ip of your faith ma y bec ome e . 'And with him . . .'; var. (Vul g.) 'a nd I ask yOU
effectual in a fu ll knowledge of every goo d thing in us to wel co me h im as th o ugh he were my self' , cr. v, 17.
for Chris t' ; t.e . fa ith un ite s a person not on ly to C hri st
b u t to all wh o a re his brothers th ro ug h their u nion
t, 'De p ri ved ' of h im by God who allowed the sla ve
to escape o n ly so th a t everyone mi gh t su bse q ue ntly
.,::>
wit h C hri s t. F aith a nd lo ve go to geth er, v. 5, a nd P au l ben efit .
expects th at faith will p r od uce p ra cti cal result s,
s . Li t. 'as a brother bo th in the flesh a nd in the
'effec tua l': var . (Vul g.) ' m an ifes t' , 'w e are ab le' ; Lo rd ' .
var. (Vu IK,) 'YOUare able' , h. It seems that O nes imus had no t only run away
c. H e be came his 'fat her ' b y converting him . b u t ha d s to len so methi ng fro m Philemon as well.
.~
u: