E T I Q U ETTE

ED I T E D REV I S E D

LADY C O LI N C A M PB E L L

1 5 n o o u t w a rd s ig n 4 good m a n n er: bu t 1 m : a

f o u n da t io n in m o ra ls . —G O E T H E

C A S S E LL AND C O M PA NY L I M I T ED

L ON D ON PA R 15 6" M E L B O U R N ] ?

A 11 rig /c l: f ou r( 1
-
d
 T H E LA D Y D R E S S I NG RO 4
'

s
-

T; u n d a tedf ro m th e F; an d: f
o B ARO N E SS S T A P

LA D Y C O L I N C AM PBEL L .

Ca n e] ! ér Co m pa ny , L im ited, L o ndon .Pa ris

’
a nd E
ll a
 PR E F A C E .

IT m ay be sa id that the bo o ks a lready pu blish ed

“
o n the su bj ec t o f a nn ers a nd et iq u ette a re
m

s u fficie n tly nu m ero u s fo r the wan ts o f the c o m

m u n ity ; b u t to th is re m ark w e w o u ld reply tha t ,

althou gh the broad princ iples o f m anners rem a in

'

the sam e yet the fizz n u tzce are co nt inu ally altering
'

a n d va r y ing a nd m odes o f speech a nd actio n

,
.

w h ich were co ns idered the he ight o f pol ite n ess a

few years ago wo u ld b e pro no u n ced at a n y rate ,

very oldfa s/ uom d if u sed a nd exh ib ited in the pre

’

se n t day A s th is is show n to b e the ca se m ore

.

fu lly in the I n trod u ct io n it is o n ly n ecessary to

,

state here fo r w hat p u rpose th e s u bj ects t reated

have bee n chose n and wh y they have b een placed
,

in the order in w h ich they will be fo u n d .

Christe nings W edd ings and Fu nerals seem to

, ,

be the s u bj ects wh ich stand m ost pro m in e ntly fo r

ward in the catalogu e o f soc ial O b serva nces hal ,

lo w ed as they are by sacred rites a nd cerem o nies

attached to a nd co n se qu e n t o n these pr in c ipal
eve n ts are a host o f m inor c irc u m stances Wh ich ,

also de m a nd atte nt io n .

—
B irth the co m m e nce m e n t o f l ife w ith all its -

att e ndant cerem onies is nat u rally the first s u bj ect

,

c o n s idered The n ext three or fo u r chapters are

.

devoted to a desc ript io n o f all t h e conve n tio nal

form s a nd a rra nge m e nt s necessary to be kn o wn bx
iv PR E FA CE .

the neophyte o n h is or h er e n tra nce into soc ie

Etiqu ette Letter Writ ing V is it ing the Toile t
,
-

, ,

a t ho ro u gh k n o wledge o f a ll t hese s u bj ects v

save the t im id m a ide n a nd the shy yo u th frt

awk ward e m ba rrass m e n t whe n obl iged to act
t he ir o wn respo ns ib il ity .

The n Marriage is co ns idered a nd co n sequ en t ,

t h a t all the o n e ro u s d u t ies it e n ta ils o n the m arr

cou ple in the ir n ew pos it io n in l ife as Host a ,

Hostess ; the vario u s ways in wh ich they n

sh o w hosp ital ity to t he ir frie nds in connect io n w
the table by the giv ing o f Break fasts L u nc h eo
, ,

D inne rs Teas a nd S u ppers wh ich m ay be gr

, , ,
.

o r s m all gra n d or s im ple accord ing to the w is l

, ,

a n d m ea n s o f the d o nors the m selves .

The d iffere n t am u se m e nts in door a nd open

,

wh ich m a y be prov ided fo r the e n terta in m e n t

the ir gu ests are n ext described su ch as the arran ,

m e nts neces sary fo r Da nces P ic nics Pr ivate T , ,

at t icals G arde n Part ies a nd sports o f vario u s kin

, ,

Presentat io n at Cou rt the s u bject o f the niz

,

teen th chapter is a n ep isode in th e l ife o f c c

,

p a ra tiv el
y fe w peop le it,
is t ru e ; b u t st ill it
m ands a place in th is vol u m e The clos ing set
.

o f l ife a nd the last sad o flic es perfor m ed by

,

s u rvivors nat u rally form the s u bject o f the fi

,

chapter .
 C O NT E NT S
CHA PTE R I .

I N T ROD U CTION .

A
P G E.
The Ex is tenc e o f a C o de o f M a nners in E a rly Tim es
M a nners o f the La s t C en t u ry — N ec ess ity o f G o o d
M a n ners— O n Po lish A G en tlem a n A
L y
a d Ti l
t es o
-
f H o our
n — H era ldry —
9 24

C RA PTE R II .

B I RT H .

O ld Cu sto m Priv a te Ba p tis m — Pu blic B a ptis m —G o d

s

pa ren ts — C h ris t en ing Pre s e nt s —T h e Ch ris t ening

C o nfirm a tio n— A ge req u ired—Prepa ra tio n —D ress
nec es sa ry —T he Cerem o ny 25 -

34

C H A PTE R I I I.
ET I Q U ETT E A v n so c uu . O B S E RV A N C E S .

O rigin o f th e W o rd Et iq u ette — Th e D is tin u ish ing

g
M a rk o fG o o d M a nners — A ga ins t Ex t rem e C e re m o ny ,
E x c essiv e —
A po lo gis ing, a nd A flec ta tio n T h e La ws
‘

o f n t ro du c t io n — A tte n tio ns t o be pa id by a G en tle

I
m a n to a La dy — D iffere n t M o des o f B o w ing a nd
h k i — —
S a ng the H a nd Th e W a lk T h e Ca rria ge
C o nv ersa tio n — Vo ic e La ugh te r nac c u ra c ies o f I
—
S peec h La w s o f Prec eden c y 35 52

C H A PTE R IV .

L ET T E R -
W RI T I N G.

Ho w to Write a Le tter Pens , I nk , a nd Pa per ;

S ea ling W a fer
a nd — D ifl ere nt F
'

-
w ax o rm s of
I n v ita tio n M o des o f A ddres sing Perso ns of
Ra nk 53
—61
vi CON TE N TS .

C H A PTE R V .

V I S I T I NG .

h e U se o f C a lling —O c c a s io n s w h e n Ca lls sh o u ld
be pa id— T he C a rd c a se a nd its C o n ten ts — C et e
-

m o n ies o f C a lls— C a k e a nd W 1ne —V 1s 1ts — L n t h e

g’
o f V isits — C o ndu c t w h en S ta y ing in a rie nd s F
H o use— G ra tu it ies to S erva nts 62

C HA PTE R V I .

T H E T O I L ET .
—
Nea tness S u ita bility S ty le o f D re ss a ppro pria te fo r
-

C hris te n ings — W hen pa y ing Ca lls — A t G a rden

— — —
Pa rt ie s Pic nic s Th e S eas ide La w n T e nn is
M o r g re
i D — D i d B ll D — l
n n s s n ne r a n a res s es J e w e
—
le ry B ride s C o stu m e B rides m a ids — G u ests a t a
’ ’

— —
W edding M o u rn ing M a n s D ress — As a Bride
g ro o m A t G a rde n P a t ties u ll D ress F
j e w e lle ry
— H a t a n d G lo v es

C HA PTE R V II .

M A RR I A G E .

T h ings to be th o ugh t o f — n terv ie w w ith a th er in

I F -

La w Enga gem e t R i g Wedding Pi ese nts — E ti

-
n n —
q u e t te o f C o u 1 ts l1 i
p Th
-
e B rid es m a ids — T h e L ic en ce
a nd B a nns — B ridegro om s Prese nts to B ride a nd
’

her M id — f
D a y be o re t h e VV e d d in — W ed d in g
a s g
— —
D a y Cerem o ny B rea k as t D epa rt ure
f —
90 1.

C HA PTE R V III .

H O U S E H O L D A PPO I N T M E N T S .

Va riety o f H o u seh o ld A pp o in tm en ts — A goo d M a nager

— S ty les ro pe r fo r different Roo m s — B rea k fa s t,
p ”—
D ining, a nd D ra w ing Ro o m s B es t Ro o m s
T em pera t u re o f Ro o r s — La y ing th e Ta ble—L is t o f
n —
Req u is ite s fo r e nte rta i ning T w elv e Peo ple 1 7
0 1

C HA PT E R IX .

B R EA K FA S TS .

Ea ting a nd D rink ing B1 eak fas t3 in Pa rtic ula r—B rea k

— °
 CON TE N TS . v ii

A
P GE
fa s ts in the O lden T im e— I n th e Present D a y—H o w
t o S e t th e Ta ble , a nd w h a t to pu t o n it — W edding
B rea k fa s ts H u n t an d S po rt sm en s B rea k fa sts
’

B rea k fas t D ishes fo r t he diffe rent S ea so ns 1 1 5— 1 2 3

C H A PTE R X .

L U NC H E O N S .

M a nners at Ta b le —W h a t t o p la c e th ere , a nd ho w to
l
p ce
a it H o t Lu n c h eo n s— C o ld L u nc heo ns 1 2 4— 1 2 7

C H A PT E R XI .

D I N N ERS .

Th e D inne r Q uest io n D inner T a bles o f the la s t

-

T en C en tu ries— G oo d C o o k e ry —Wa iters — nv ita I

ti s
o n — V \ bo r
n to In v ite — D inner en Fa m z lle a nd 2:
'

— —
1a Ru n e C a rv ing T a ble A ppo in tm en ts a nd D ec
o ra t io ns — A rriv a l o f G u es ts —The D inn er—W ines
D essert — R i
e t rem e t
n o f th e L a d — —
ies C o fl ee T ea
'

— D epa rt u re 1 28— 1 54

C H A PT E R XII .

T EAS .

H igh Tea s— W ha t to pu t th e —
T a ble A rran m ent
on ge
of D ra w ing roo m
- —A fte rno o n Tea s 1 55 1 59

C H A PTE R XII I .

S U PPE R S

Appo intm en ts o f th e Ta ble — F renc h D is la y —Ou r

S u pper T a bles — m pro m ptu
I S u ppers o t S up
1 60— 1 64
pers
CH A PTE R XI V .

B ALLS .

Public B a lls —H o w to M a na ge th em — —
T ic k ets I ntro
duc tio ns — D t
u esi o f S t ew a rds —Fanc y D ress B a lls
—Priv a te Ba lls —Ro o m s nec essa ry — M usic —Ligh ts
— D ec o ra tio ns— C lo a k Roo m s —Tea D ra w ing a nd
Ro o m s—C a rd
, ,

B a ll Ro o m — D u t ies o f th e En ter
t a ine rs t o th e ir s —
G u e t O f Pa rtners t o the ir Pa rt
—
s

ners C inderella D a nc es 1 65 1 7 6
v iii CON TE N TS .

C H A PTE R XV .

R A
P I V T E T H EA T M C A L s. PA G E

C ha ra des —T a blea u x —
V ivants Wax -
wo rk Exh ibitio ns
P riva te Theat rioa ls 177 —185

C H A PT E R X VI .

G AR D EN m am as .

La wn Tennis Pa rt ies 1 86 1 89

C H A P TE R X VI I .

E XC U RS I O N S AND PI C NI C S .

Priv a te Pic nic s —C o nv ey anc e o f G u es ts a nd Pro v is io ns

—S u bsc riptio n Pic nic —E lec tio n a nd D u ties o f a
M anager—Pro v isio ns a nd B e verages 1 90 —1 94

C H A PT E R X V III .

FI EL D S PO TS R A N D A M U S E ME NTS .

H unt ing—S ho o ting -

Fi h i g —B ti g—Tric y ling
s n oa n c
S ka t ing 1 95 —20 3
C H A PT E R X IX .

T H E CO U RT.

B uc k ingha m Pa lac e —W ho m ay be Pres ented—Co u rt

D res s Rules a nd Regu la tio ns The D ra w ing
Ro o m —The Le v ée T he rish I
C o u rt C o u rt
M o u rning 20 3 —209

C HA PTE R XX .

DE AT H .

Th ings to be do ne im m edia tely u o n a D ea th—Old

C u sto m s —Th e u ne ra l —T he
F o ur ner s —Th e S e r
v ic e —Re adin f t h W ill—I n u iries by riends F
g o e
A c k no wle dgm ents — S unday a ter the u ne ra l F
M o nu rn ents " 2 10 —2 1 6
 THE

ETI QU ETTE OFGOOD SOCI ETY

C H A PT E R I .

I
I NT R O D U C T O N .

T he E xis tenc e o f a Co de o f M a n ners in Ea rly Tim es— Ma nners

o f t h e La st C en tu ry — Nec ess ity o f G o o d Ma nne rs — O u
Po lish — “
A G entlem a n — “
A Lady —T it les o f H o no u r
H e ra ldry .

A m a n b y no t h ing is so well bew ra y ed

A s b y h is m a nners , in w h ic h p la ine is s he wne
O f w h a t degree a nd w h a t ra c e h e is gro w ne .
Fo érz e Q u eu
’ ’

e.

F RO M very early t im es a —
Decalogu e if we
m ay b e
—
allo wed to u se the term o f Man ners ha s existed .

“ ”
I n the a n c ie n t bokes o f the A nglo S axo n s we -

find d irect io n s g ive n to o u r a ncestors wh a t to do

a nd w hat n o t to do The ir Nor m an su ccessors
.
,

to o tho u gh n o t d ist ingu ished fo r the pol ite n ess

,

wh ic h is sa id to character ise the ir desce nda n ts h a d ,

the ir code o f m anners set fo rth ; a nd so do wn to

the present day throu gh every s u ccessive age the
, ,

necess ity fo r a nd the im porta n ce o f a n esta b l ished

, ,

for m h as bee n inva riably recog nise d B u t as the .

ideal o f what co n stitu tes tr u e pol ite n ess is c o n

tinua lly chan ging or ra ther let u s say the m odes
, , ,
I O G OOD S OC / E T Y .

of sho g p win ol ite nessco a re n t in ually —

cha nging fo r
the p rinc iple the sam e at all t im es a nd in
rem ains
all places — so the re consta ntly a rise s a n ecess ity
fo r the rev is io n o f old ru les a n d fo r setting forth
the accepted code o f m a n ne rs fo r the prese nt
t im e.

T he ge n tle folk o f a few ce n t u ries back w o u ld

prove ro u gh gu ests at a m ode rn d inner table h o w -

ever ca re fully they Observed the r u les la id do wn .

“
Never set o n fysh e flesch e ne fowle m ore tha n
, , ,
”
t wo fy ngers a nd a t h o m be O u r fore fathers a re
.

“
also cau t io ned n o t to p ick the ir teeth w ith k nife ,
”
s t ra we n o r st ick ; n o r to clea n the m o n the table
,

cloth To wipe the m ou th o n the tabl e cloth wa s

.
-

allowable bu t n o t the n o se or eyes

, I n the re ig n .

o f S tephe n it wa s co ns idered et iq u ette to co ugh very

“
lo u d w he n e nter ing a h o u se fo r there m a y be ,

so m eth ing do ing wh ich y o u o ught no t to see A .

’

“
g u est at table is reco m m e nded to kee p h is n ails
clea n fo r fear the fello w next h im sho u ld b e dis
,
”
gu sted T h ere are m any u nm e nt io nabl e hab its
.

spoken o f as co m m o n wh ich we sho u ld regard w ith

u nm itigated horro r bu t w h ich the people O f th at
,

day looked u po n as ordinary a n d correct behav iou r .

Happily fo r u s t im e a nd c iv il isat io n h ave s w ept

,

away all these rou gh a nd ready u sages a nd it m ay

-

be sa fely said that a m a n w ill no w find h is s u peri ors

m ore access ible h is equ als m ore at the ir ease a nd
, ,

h is in fer iors m ore m a n nerly th a n in the m o s t ,

golde n age o f the olde n t im e .

Eve n s ince the last ce nt u ry m an ners have altered,

st ra ngely The great freedo m the n pem 1 itted both

.
,

in words a nd act io n is n o lo nger allo wed

, We .

n eed sca rcely m e nt io n the well k n o w n fact that -

ord inary co nversat io ns w ere r ichly besprinkled w ith !

 I N TR OD U C TI ON . 1 1

“
oa ths by the good old E ngl is h ge ntle m e n a nd ,

e n tle w o m e n too if w h a t is re lated o f a certa in

g ,

D u chess o f Marlborough be tru e The story goes .

that sh e we n t to call u po n Lord Mansfield o n bu s i

n ess a nd n o t fi n d ing him with in decl in ed to leave
, , ,

h er na m e H is lordsh ip s secretary in descr ib ing

’
.
,

the u nk n ow n said : 1 cou ld no t m ake o u t sir

, , ,

w h o she was bu t she s wore so d read fu lly that she

”
m u st b e a lady o f qu al ity l A nd we read in Dr .

Joh n son s l ife

’
Th is eve ning o ne o f o ur m ar
r ied lad ies a l ively pretty l ittle wo m an good
, , ,
‘
lz u m o u redly sa t do wn u po n Dr Joh nso n s k nee a nd
’
.
, ,

being e ncou raged by the co m pany pu t her hands ,

”
ro u nd h is n eck a nd k issed h im A s n o note o f .

excl a m at ion follo ws the reco rd o f th is incide nt ,

we a re led to the co n cl u s io n that it w as no t re

garded as ex traord inary or u nb ecom ing .

It wa s at as late a period as the last ce ntu ry too , ,

that the following v iole n t fu n wa s tho u ght a dm is

—
s ible A large st rong tab le cloth was sprea d o n the
-

u pper steps o f the sta ircase a nd u po n th is cloth

,

the lad ies seated the m selves in ro w s ; the n t h e gen

tlem e n took hold o f the lo wer en d attem pt in g to ,

p u ll it do wn sta irs The la dies res isted with all

.

the ir m igh t T he co ntest invariably e nded by the

.

c lo th a n d th e lad ies be ing p u lled do wn to the

“ ”
botto m o f the sta irs w he n ,
says the relate r, ,
”
eve ryth ing wa s fou nd bru ised bu t m odesty .

T he n if we tu rn fro m o ur o w n people a nd look

,

at other natio ns we find that they too have had

,

their lesso ns to learn a nd have learnt the m

, .

The Ru ss ia n noble m an o f to day w ith h is -

pol ished ge ntle m a nly bearing a nd h is st u d ied

,

po l ite ness to s u periors a nd inferiors alike form s ,

a stro ng co ntrast to h is fore fa thers w h o are s a id ,

12 G 001) S OC/ E rr .

“
to have dropped both pearls a nd verm in as
”
they walked alo ng ! a nd who m the gre at C atherine
fo u nd it n ecessary to proh ib it strik ing the ir wives in
p u bl ic ; wh il e the wives were forb idde n to was h o u t
the ir m o u t hs in the dr in k ing glasses .

I n Fra n ce also the ho m e a nd ce ntre o f pol ite

,

ness a nd good breed ing j u dging fro m the ex

-

p e rie nc es o f a n E ng lish traveller m anners were n o t ,

“
at o ne t im e equ ally re fined A t Madam e D u .

Boca ge s a lady o f h igh ra nk the footm an took

’
, ,

the su gar in his fi ngers a nd thre w it in to m y co ffee .

I was go ing to pu t it as ide ; bu t hearing that it was

m ade 011 pu rpose fo r m e I e e n tasted Tho m a s s
’ ’
,

fingers The sam e lady wo u ld needs m ake tea

.

ti l a n la ri The spo u t O f the teapo t did n o t po u r

’
g re .

freely she bade the foot m a n blo w in to it ! We ”

“
m ay exclaim w ith Hanna h More
, A re these the ,
”
be ings who are called polite ?
E no ugh has bee n sa id to sho w the wide d iffere nce
wh ich exists b etwee n anc ie n t a nd m oder n m a n ners
a nd c u sto m s I n the follo wing chapters we shal l
.

cons ider m ore m inu tely the prese nt code o f soc ial
la ws wh ic h sho uld regu l a te o u r external cond u ct
a nd behav iou r .

For the prese nt we m a y affi rm that the m axim

”
Ma nners m aky th m a n has the s a m e force as
ever . G ood n ess o f heart how ever bo u ndless ; ,

learning h o wever pro fou nd a nd accom pl ish m en ts

,

the m ost b rill iant a nd varied are no t in them ,

selves s u ffi c ien t to m ake u s pleasant a nd agreeable

m e m bers o f soc iety — a k no wled ge a nd pract ice o f

the la ws o f good breeding m u st be added to m ake

-

a per fect whole You r cha racter m ay be ines

.

tim able ; but if yo u speak lou dl y or with a vu lgar ,

twang if yo u are bo istero u s i n yo u r b ehavio u r

, ,
 I N T RO D U C T I ON . 13

a nd esch ew [es c om fena m es o f society your be st ,

i
fr e ds
n w — —
ill beh ind y o u r back la m e n t that y o u
a re so l ittle e n do w ed w ith m a n n e rs altho u gh
“
an ,
”
e xcelle n t creatu re Manners reco m m e nd pre
.
,

p are , a n d dra w people t o g et h er ; in all the cl u bs

m a n ners m ake the m e m b ers ; m a n ners m ake the
—
fortu n e o f the a m b itiou s yo u t h fo r the m ost part ,
”
h is m a n ne rs m arry h im a nd he m arrie s m a nn ers
, .

The princ ipal an d gro u n d work o f these la ws is ,

that they ten d to add m ater ia lly to th e ha ppin ess

a n d co m fort o f t h o se aro u n d u s s m oo th a nd so fte n ,

the co ntact o f the ind iv id u al atom s w h ich are in

cessa n tly co m ing against each other in the restles s
in terco u rse o f the b u sy wo rld a nd add a charm to ,

the q u iet m on oto ny o f everyday l ife A m id the .

m u lt it u de o f thorn s w h ich e n co m pas s th is da ily l ife ,

every fl o wer that w ill grow shou ld be c u lt ivated

w ith ca re A cts o f atte n t io n a n d thou ght fu l ne ss
.

s ho w n to those a ro u n d nc t o nly m ake the ir days

pass m ore eas ily a nd happily bu t at the sam e ,

t im e e nno b le the doer a nd p rovok e a s weet retu rn

,

o f k indly feel ing a n d good w ill Lord Chesterfield

-
.
,
“
wh o says Ha nnah Mo re
, adorned convers at io n
,

by h is w it as m u ch as he im pa ired it by his pr in
” “
c iples has defi ned pol iten ess to be the a rt o f
,
“
pleas ing S t Pa u l
. o ne O f the fe w writ e rs with
.
,

w ho m th is a cco m pl ish ed peer wa s no t a cq u a inte d ,

re m arks th is ce nsorio u s lady recom m e nds w ith a s

, ,

m u ch war m th as h is lordsh ip the d u ty o f pl eas ing ,

h is n e ighbo u r ; bu t here the two m oral ists part c o m

pany . The noble w rite r w ou ld h a ve u s pl ease
O thers to be nefit o u rs el v es ; the Ch rist ia n w r iter

d irects u s to plea se o t hers fo r the ir good The .

esse n ce o f the worldly code o f e th ic s is selfish

ness that o f t he Ch ris t ia n is d is in t e rested ne s s
, .
14 0 00 0 S O CI E T Y .

It is the op in io n o f a Fre nch that l. writer " “

vra ie ph ilosophie respecte les form es a u tant u '

l o rgueil les déda ign e : il fau t u ne d isc ipl ine p ou b

’

la co nd uite co m m e il fau t u n o rdre pou r les idéc s

(Tr u e ph ilosophy r espects fo rm s as m u ch as p rid Q
desp ises the m we req u ire a d iscipl in e fo r o u r c o n \

d u ct j u st as we requ ire a n order fo r o u r ideas )

, .

I t is said by fore ig ners in speak ing ge nerally o f ,

the E ngl ish that we as a n at io n lac k w h at is called

, .

p ol ish ; b u t they ass ig n to u s the cha racter o f

sol id ity N o w hard sol id bod ies are those that
.
, ,

take th e h igh est pol ish The m ater ial then is .

, ,

fin e hard a nd close del ica te a nd good

, , , a nd
E nglis h m en a nd wo m e n if they so wil l it m a y , ,

sh ine l ike m irrors to the rest o f the world O nly .

let them be carefu l no t to m istake varn ish fo r

pol ish It is o nly so ft bod ies wh ich ad m it o f l ittle
. ,

pol ish that requ ire the form er a nd it is appl ied to

, ,

h ide all flaw s and to co nceal the m ea nn ess o f the

m ateria l be n eat h its s u rfa c e B u t ho w ever th ickl y .
,

it m a y be laid o n the false cover ing will ch ip here

,

a nd there a n d the gloss will o nly b e s u perfic ial

, ,

a nd will never in reality eq u al that o f tr u e pol ish

, ,

o f t h e grain .

—
G e tle m e n a nd lad ies h o w m u ch those wo rds
n

are ab u sed ! wh at variou s t wisted a nd de form ed

ideas are co nn ected in d iffere nt perso ns m inds with
’

those words ! What m ore co m m o n expressio n am o ng

”
th e vu lgar tha n He s qu ite the gentle m an
’
Sh e ,
”
is a real lady a nd yet what vario u s m ea nings are a t
,

tac h ed to the m ? S o m et im es h igh b irth is de n oted

so m et im es per fect m a n ners ; so m et im es m erely
wealth ; the fact o f l iving a n idle l ife or pro fuse ,

Po rt a lis .
 I N TE 01) U C TI O N . 1 5

lib e al ity
r . Th is last is t h e idea of t h e po or, who ~

a l m ost inv aria bly m eas u re a m a n or w o m an by the

t igh t n e s s or loose ne ss o f t h e ir p u rse st ring s, a nd term

-

t he m gen tl em an or lady ac c ord ingly Orig inally a .

“
e n tle m a n w a s defi ned to b e o ne w h o , with o t
g u

a n y t itle o f n ob il ity, 11 ea rs a c oat o f arm s, or whose

- -

a n cestors have bee n free dm e n B y a nd by two

.
- -

o ther classes crept int o th e c ircle. A m a n cou ld

b e a gt n tlem a n b y o ffic e a n d in rep u tat io n a s w ell
a s th ose w h o w ere b orn s u ch A cco rding to Blac k
.

s :o ne Whosoever st u d ieth t h e laws o f t he real m ,

w h o stu d ie t h in the u n ivers it ies , wh o pro fesseth the
l ibe ra l scienc es , a nd wh o c a n l ive idly a nd w ithou t
11 anu al labo u r, a n d w ell bear the port, charge , a nd
coun te na nce o f a g en tlem a n, h e sh all be c a lled
m aster a n d tak en fo r a ge n tl em a n B u t in the .

prese n t da y these th ree d ist inct ion s o f b irth, ed uca

t io n , or w eal t h a lo ne do n o t e n title th e ir po sses sors
to bear th e gran d o ld na m e o f gentl em a n ’
.

S o m eth ing else m u st be add ed to m a ke th e pe rfect

w hole . To have pride o f gentrie is righ t gret
fol ie , fo r o ft t im e the gen trie o f t h e bo die bem ireth
the gentrie o f t h e sou le an d w e ben a l o f o fad er
”
a n d o f o m ode r, s ays Cha u ce r .

T he ra n k 15 b u t t h e gu inea sta m p ,
’

t h e go w d fo r a t h a t ,
'
T he m an s

s g the S cottis h bard t n those o fte n q u oted l ines ;

in s -

a nd there is m u ch fine gold witho u t the sta m p, n o

dou bt Yet w e by no m ea ns wish t o u nderrate th e

.

valu e o f ge n tle b irth a nd blood Ra ce tells in m a n

.

as in a ny other anim al , bu t it m u st no t be c o n
s idered as the o nly th in g req u is ite A m a n c a n not .

sa y , I a m well bor n , a nd t/zerqfore I a m a ge ntle

-

m an . N either will ed ucat io n stand a lo ne. The

16 G 00 1) S O CI E T Y .

h ead m ay be well stored w ith learn ing the whole o f ,

”
the sc ie nces m ay be professed a nd all the laws ,

o f the real m st u d ied a nd st ill a m a n m ay n o t have

,

that with in him wh ich is esse nt ial to the cla im o f

b eing a ge ntlem a n .

—
Wealth a y even the w ea th o f the I nd ies is
,
l —
also fu tile in itsel f Riches co m pass m a ny th ings
. ,

bu t no t t h is A m an m a y possess broad acres a nd

.
,

be s urro u nded w ith all the l u xu ries that m o ney c a n

com m and a nd yet m a y be clothed in vu lgarity a nd
, ,

s teeped in vice fro m top to toe S hal l w e desig .

nate s u ch a o ne as a ge ntle m a n Wha t are th e

qu a l it ies the n n ecessary to give a cl aim to th is
, ,

t itle ? Th is is Chau cer s test ’

W h o so is vert uo u s .
A nd in his pa t h n o t o u t rageo u s .
W h e n s u c h o ne t ho u see st t he e befo rne
T ho u gh h e be no t gent il b o rne ,
Th o u m a y st we ll s ein (t h is is in so the )
T ha t h e is gent il bec a u se h e do t he
A s lo nget h t o a gent il m a n .

The differe nt classes o f the order o f ge ntle m e n

are th u s qu aintly descr ibed by an ot h er old w riter .

“
He d ivides the m u n der the heads o f G en tle
” ”
ge ntle , G e n tle u nge n tle a nd U nge n tle ge n tle
,

The ge ntle ge ntle a re those o f n oble birth w h o ,

j o in to the ir ge n tle ho u se ge ntle m a n ne rs a nd noble

co nd itio ns wh ich is the ca u se o f the other w o rd
,

called ge ntle G e n tle u nge n tle is th a t m a n w h ich

.

is desce nded o f noble pare n tage by the wh ich he ,

is co m m o nly ca lled ge ntle a nd hath in h im s u ch ,

corru pt u nge ntle m ann ers as to the j u dgm en t o f

a ll m en he j u stly deserveth th e na m e o f u n ge nt l e .

U nge ntle ge ntle is he wh ich is bo rn o f a lo w

d egree wh ich m a n taking h is b eginning o f a po o r
, ,
 I N TR OD U C TI ON . 1 7

k indred , by h is virt u e, w it, pol icy, ind u stry, know

l e dge o f la ws, a nd s u ch l ike hon est m eans , he
”
co m et h a wel l behaved a nd h igh estee m ed m a n
- -
.

Thacke ra y defi nes a gen tle m an to be o ne who is

h o n est, ge n t le , ge n ero u s , brave , a nd w ise ; w ho
possesses all thes e qu al it ies a n d exerc ises the m in
”
t h e m ost grace fu l o u t ward m an n e r .

Q u al ities su ch as these are no t the m e re acc ide n t

o f b irth , no r the invar iable acco m pa n im e n ts o f

w ealth . N o ne o f the m n ecessarily e ndo w a m an

w it h del icacy o f feel ing, k in d n ess o f heart , co u rt
e o u sness o f m an er to
n h is fello w m a n
-— be he
—
peer or peasan t ch ival ro u s ne s s to all w om en ,
in sho rt , that fi n e n ess o f natu re so ad m ira bly
del ineated by Ru sk in A ge n tle m a n s first char
’

” “
acterist ic, he says, is that fi ne ness o f stru ct u re
in the body wh ic h re nde rs it capable o f the m o st
del icate se nsatio n, a nd o f that str u ct u re o f the
m in d w h ich re nders it capable o f the m ost del icate

sy m path ies, or, as o n e m a y s im ply say, fin e ness

o f na tu re .

Th is is, o f co u rse , co m pat ible w ith hero ic bod ily

strength a nd m e ntal firm ness in fact, heroic bodily
stre ngt h is no t con ce ivable witho u t s u ch del icacy .

Elepha nt in e s tre ngth m ay d rive its wa y thro ugh a

forest a nd feel n o to u ch o f its b o u ghs , bu t the w h ite
sk in o f Ho m er s A trides w o u ld have felt a be n t
’

rose lea f, yet s u bdu e its feel ings in the glo w o f battle ,
-

”
a nd beh a ve itsel f l ike iro n . I do no t m ean,
co nt inu es t he wr iter, to c a ll the elep h an t a v u lga r
an im al ; bu t if yo u th ink abo u t h im care fully, y o u
w ill find that h is n o n v u lgar ity co n s ists in s u ch gen
-

tlene ss as is poss ible to elep h a n t in e n at u re ; n o t

in h is inse ns itive h ide , no r in h is c lu m sy foot, bu t
in the wa y he w ill l ift h is foot if a ch il d l ies in h is
B
1 8 G 001) S O CI E T Y .

wa y, a nd in se ns it ive tr unk a nd h is st ill m ore

h is ,

sens it ive m ind and capab il ity o f p iq u e in po ints o f

hon ou r He nce it will follo w that o ne o f the pro
.

bable signs o f h igh breeding in m en ge nerally will

m i
be the ir k indness a nd erc l ess these al w ays
fu n —
ind icate m ore or less firm ness o f m ake in the
”
m ind .

“
B u t we m u st e e n t u rn o u r atte nt io n to the lady
’

— wh o ha s bee n fo r so lo ng a t im e kept wa iting ,

wh ile the oppos ite sex w ere c rit ic ised a n d scr u t in ised
a nd see h o w the t ru e ge n tle w o m a n m a y be d ist in

gu is h ed fro m the co u n terfe it I f

. it be tr u e as the
,

Fre nch say that,

L es h o m m es fo n t les lo is .
L e s fem m es fo nt les m oeu rs ,

it is, indee d, h ighly n ecessary to dec ide what q u al i

t ies are necessary to m ake a perfect wo m an .

W o m e n in the ir cou rse o f act io n describe a

“
s m aller c ircle than m e n, but the per fect io n o f a
c ircle co ns ists n o t in its d im e ns io ns, bu t in its cor
”
rect ness , says the log ical Ha n nah Mo re .

A tr u e lady w ill be q u ite nat u ral a n d easy in her

m a n n ers , a n d th is w ill have the e ffect o f p u tt ing

those at the ir e a se wh o a re in her co m pany , what

ever theirsta t io n in l ife m a y be S h e will sh rin k fro m
.

all a fiec ta tio n a nd avo id all prete ns io n, a nd n ever

try, b y a ny m ea ns , to appear other th an she really
is . Sh e w ill be co urteo u s to all a ro u nd h er, m odest
b u t n o t awk wardly bash fu l ; brave , w itho u t be ing
in th e sl ightest d eg ree bold o r m asc u l in e ; de fer
ent ia l a n d reve re n t ial to the age d, chee rfu l a nd

le n ie nt to the you ng in fa ct , sh e w ill n o t o nly try

D e S egu r .
 I N TR 0D (J C T/ 01V. 19

“
to m a k e m en happy a nd to keep the m so , bu t
every l iv ing creat u re arou nd her .

A q u iet d ig nity will perv ade a ll her act io ns . She

is o ne who
H a th a na tu ra l w ise s inc e rit y .
A s im p le t ru t h fu ln es s , a nd t he se h a v e le nt h er
A dignit y as m o veless a s t h e c e n t re.

Her goo d m ann ers will be in da ily u se a nd no t ,

do nned a nd do fled w ith co m pa ny d ress a nd m ore

’

espec ially a lady wil l n eve r atte m pt t o patro nise in

th e sl ightest degree .

A h igh bred ge n tle wo m a n w ill n ever be pro u d

-

a n d ha u ghty in h e r de m ean o u r to othe rs bu t th e re ,

are those wh o w ith hau ghty steps wo u l d walk the

”
globe o er the n ecks o f h u m bler o nes
’
.

W e o nce sa w a s o called lady at a Lon do n fete -

as ked by an other lady w h o wa s o n the po int o f ,

fa int ing fro m the h eat to pass a glass o f w ater , .

The fash io nably dressed a nd sple nd idly j ew elled

wo m a n regarded the s u ppl ian t w ith a ha u gh ty a n d
ind ig na n t stare fo r pres u m ing to ask her to per form
,

a m e nial act a nd im m ed iately m ove d a way

,
.

I t is a very m istake n notion a nd yet o ne held by ,

m a n y althou gh pe rhaps n o t co n fessed that a lady

, ,

de m eans hersel f by m an u al labo u r a nd that if she ,

wishes to keep her t itle to the na m e she m u st lea d ,

a n a im less u seless idle l ife

, No w o u r ways an d
,
.

hab its have be en so grad u ally altered by c iv il isa

tion that lad ies do lead ve ry d iffere n t l ives fro m
the ir a ncestresses Here is the accou n t o f the
.

m an n er in wh ich El izabeth Woodv ille born in a ,

very h igh stat io n a nd afte rwards w ife o f King

,

Ed w ard I V wa s accu sto m ed to spe nd a n o rd ina ry

.
,

day Rose at fo u r o clock a n d helped Catherine ’

,

to m ilk the co w s S ix o clock break fasted ; the

.
’

B 2
20 0000 S OCI E TY .

bu ttock o f bee f too m u ch bo iled a nd the b eer a ,

l ittle o f the stalest S eve n we nt to walk with the

.
,

lady m y m other in the co u rtyard T en we nt to .

,

d inner Eleve n rose fro m table the co m pa ny all

.
, ,

desiro us o f walk ing in the fields Fo u r wen t to .

,

prayers S ix f ed the hogs a nd po u ltry

.
, S eve n .
,
’
s u pper o n the table N ine o clock the c o m
. ,

—
pa ny fast asleep these late ho u rs are very dis
”
agreeable .

E ngl ish lad ies o f the n ineteenth ce ntu ry a re n o t

expected to m ilk co ws a nd feed pigs bu t if c irc u m ,

stances obl iged the m to do these or a ny othe r

s im ilar acts o f labo u r w hat we w o u ld im press o n
,

o u r readers m inds is that they wo u ld no t n ec e s

’

“
sa rily cease to be lad ies in the proper se nse o f
the w ord S he ope net h her m o u th w ith wisdo m
.
,

a nd in her to ng u e is the la w o f k ind n ess S he .

looketh well to the w ays o f her hou sehold a n d ,

eateth no t the bread o f idleness Her ch ildre n .

arise u p a nd call her blessed her h u sban d also a n d , ,

he pra iseth her .

“
We m a y here m e n t io n m pa sra nt the titles o f
, ,

ho no u r bor ne by certa in c lasses o f ge ntle folk a n d ,

the d iffere n t degrees o f ra nk wh ich ex ist T itle s .

o f ho no u r are des igna t io n s wh ich certa in pe rso n s

are e ntitled to cla im as the ir right in co nseq u e nce ,

o f certa in d ig nit ies be ing in here nt to the m They .

vary accord ing to the ra nk o f the ir possessor T h e .

t itles o f E m peror K ing a nd Prince de no m inat e

, ,

the h ighest ra nk ; the n co m e the orders o f the

n ob il ity w h ich a re five in n um ber na m ely — D u ke ,
, ,

Marq u is Earl V iscou nt a nd Baro n

, , A ll th es e
, .

d ignit ies are hered itary a nd the wives a nd ch ildre n

,

o f peers have l ike w ise the ir approp riate t itles o f

hono ur A noth e r d ignity wh ic h brings with it t he
.
 I N TR OD U C TI ON 21

—
right to a t itle o f h o nou r is a Baro netcy a nd th is,
too , ishered itary Below the Ba ronet co m es th e
.

K night bu t K n igh thood is n o t hered itary ; it exp ires

,

w ith t h e l ife o f the possesso r a nd does no t descen d

,

to the he ir as do all the other t itle s I n th is las t .

category m ay be placed eccles iastical d ig nities

acade m ical lega l an d m u n ic ipal d istinctions w h ich
, ,
—
have the ir several t itles o f ho nou r pertaining to the ir
o flic es bu t l ike that o f k n ighthood do no t desce nd
, .

Men t io n m us t also be m a de o f the t itle o f Esqu ire ,

althou gh the gen eral u se o f it b y those who are no t

strictly speak ing en titled to it has virt u ally destroy ed
it as a d istin ct ive d ignity Thos e to w ho m it [ego /{y
.

b elo ngs are — the eldest son s o f Knights a nd the ,

e ld e st so n s o f yo u nger so n s o f the nob il ity by v irt u e ,

o f b irt h J u st ices o f th e Peace Office rs o f the

.
,
’ ’
Qu een s Cou rt a nd Ho u sehold a nd o f Her Majesty s ,

N avy a nd A rm y by virt u e o f office ,

Doctors o f .

L aw Barriste rs a nd Phys ic ia ns are rep u ted E s

, ,

q u ires ; bu t at the prese n t t im e th is l in e o f de

m a rc a t io n is gro wing every day m ore fa int a nd the ,
“ ”
t itle o f Es q is u sed as a m ere t itle o f co u rtesy
.

give n to eve ry gentle m a n o f pres u m ed respecta

bility and th o u gh it m a y be occas io nally ab u sed
, ,

there c an be no dou b t that it is o n th e whole ex

c eedingly co nve n ie nt The variou s a nd proper
.

form s fo r address ing perso n s o f differe n t degrees o f

ran k will be give n in a follo wing chapter .

W e are n o w brou ght to the su bject o f Heral dry .

Heraldry has b een st igm atised as a sc ience o f

”
fools w ith long m e m o ries ; it sho u ld ra ther be
des ign ated as a stu dy wh ich properly d irected , ,

w o u ld m a k e fools w ise Heraldry is the a rt o f

.

a r ra ng ing a nd e x pla in ing in proper term s all that

a p perta in s to th e bearing o f coats o f arm s or - -

z 2 G OOD S OC / E T Y .

ba dge s, a nd other hered itary or assu m ed m ark s o f

b o no u a
T h e twelfth c e ntu ry is the earl iest perio d to wh ich
c a n be traced the bea ring o f herald ic dev ice s pro
perly so called , and they beca m e hered itary a bo u t
the co m m ence m ent o f the following c ent u ry .

Heraldry owes its origin to the C ru sades D u r .

ing t h es e m e m ora ble w ars, th e princ ipal l ea ders o f

th e d iffere n t a rm ies fou nd it n ec essary to be dis
tingu ished b y so m e o u twa rd s ign , so that a m ids t
the confusio n a nd tu m u lt o f battle a friend co u ld
be detected fro m a fo e, in spite o f the close fitting -

d isgu ise o f arm ou r worn b y all al ik e A nd so a .

device was placed u pon th e sh ield wh ich at that

t im e was al ways carried to battle The va rio u s .

- - —
d ist inct ive coats Of arm s b irthrights o f o ur nob il ity,
o f w h ich there are fiv e order s — are d isplayed o n
sh ields , escu tcheon s, or b anners There is anot h er
.

s ign o f ge ntl e b irt h, the c rest Th is is next to th e

.

sh iel d 1n po int o f ant iqu ity It wa s orig inally th e

.

orna m e nt worn u po n the helm et tn the faro ff d a ys

o f w h ich w e have been spea king La s tly, there.

are m ottoes T hese trace the ir or igin to those

.

sam e days o f ch ivalry, a nd were the wa rc ries o f -

the d iffere n t k n ights .

Whe n a m a n m arries he im pales h is w ife s pater

’

na l ar m s by plac ing t he m u pr ight o n the le ft s ide

o f h is o wn in the sa m e escu tcheo n I f h is wife b e
.

a n he ire ss the hu s ban d m ay bea r her a r m s o n a n

esc u tcheon over h is o wn The ch ildren retain on ly
.

’
the father s coat o f arm s u nless they inh erit pro
- -

perty from the ir m other l ike w ise .

A s to ry is related o f a lady wh o wished to die

before her h u sba nd , because if he d ied firs t sh e
co u ld no t put h is coat o f arm s o n his to m b, h e
- -
 I N TR O D UC TI ON . 2 3
“
b e ing no t a m a n o f fa m ily ; said she if I
bu t , ,

die first he c a n cla im a r ight o f plac in g m y a rm s o n

”
m y tom b b ecau se I a m a w o m a n o f q u ality by b irth
, .

The ar m s o f a w idow are com posed o f her h u s

ba nd s a nd her fathers im paled w ith in a lozenge
’ ’
.

Those o f a m aide n lady are her father s only born e ’

,

in a loze nge also La dies are n o t allow ed the u se

.

o f crest s.

I f the h u sba nd be a K night o f the G arter or o f

a n y other order the a r m s o f the w ife m u st n o t be
,

im paled bu t placed in a separate sh ield

, .

Herald ic devices have b ee n called the hall m arks -

o f the n ob il ity bu t in the p rese n t day these a n c ie n t

,

p rerogat ives have bee n u s u rped a nd appropriated

by ignoran t yet asp iring p eople and sold over a nd ,

over a ga in by u nscru p u lou s traders wh o m inister to

the bad taste o f w ou ld be ge n tle folk -
.

It is a cau se fo r gre a t regret th a t s u ch a noble

sc ie nce as th at o f heraldry shou ld be al lo wed to b e
ope n to th e m ercy o f C h arlatan s wh o arrange a n d ,

blazo n coats o f arm s at com plete var ia nce w ith

- -

p erso n al h isto ry a n d in v iolat io n o f all precede n t .

It is co n s idered a m isdem eano u r a n d p u n ish ed as ,

s u ch to infringe o n a m erch a n t s m ark a n d y e t the

,
’
,

m a rks o f o u r n ob il ity a re p u rlo ined co n t in u ally by

those w ho on ly bear the na m e o f the fam ily a nd

ca n n ot trace the faintest l in e o f th eir desce n t .

Crests is m y lead ing article b ut I do deal in ,

”
’
scu tcheon s o n ce said a pro fessor o f heraldry
,
“ ” “
w h o kept a stu dio They co m e fo r cheap c res t s
.

as adve rt ised ; bu t when I o n ce get them in m y

m ediw a l o ffi ce u nder the in flu e n ce o f a dim
, te

ligio u s l ight throu gh sta ined glass to sit in m y -

a n t iq u e chairs a nd b ehold m y M a ry presided over ,

by a n old su it o f a r m ou r— it is all u p w ith the m ,

E4 GOOD S OCI E T P .

a nd they take any th ing C rests are the port ions

.

m ost a ff ected bu t sh ields a nd m ottoes are daily

,

appropriated .

There are shops w here a b u sy trade goes o n in

sales o f th is de script ion Y o u sta te you r na m e
.
,

a n d have n o n eed fo r a ny a n x iety o n the su bject .

A crest is su re to be disco vered I f yo u r n am e .

happe n s to b e a n oble o n e y o u have all the m ore

,

fo r you r m on ey Ru ssell did y o u say sir? a

.
, ,

v ery n oble crest — goat p a ssa nt S ketch ten sh il -

.
,

lings a nd s ixpe nce ; w ith t o rq u e a nd m a n tl in g in

proper colou rs o ne gu inea a nd a hal f ; ill um inat e d
,
”
in vell u m t wo gu ineas
, a nd so o n ; prov ing the
,

as s ert ion that in th is braz e n age a nyth ing c a n be

got w ith m oney .
 C H A PTER II .

B I RT H.

— P —P —
—
O ld C s t
u o m s r iv a te B a p t is m u blic B a
p t ism God
r t — C h ris te n in Pre s en t s T h e C h ri t n i n — C
p a e n s g s e g on

firm a tio n A ge Requ ed Prepa ra tio n —D ress Nec ess a ry

— ir —
— T he C e rem o ny .

“
igh t h a ve bee n s e ve n o c lo c k in t h e ev en ing when M r
’
It m .

K en wigs se nt o u t fo r a pa ir o f t h e c h ea pes t wh it e k id glo v es

t h o s e a t o n e s h illing a nd t w o penc e per p a ir—a n d, s elec t ing t he
s t ro nges t , w a lk ed do w n s t a irs w it h a n a ir o f p o m p a n d m u c h
-

‘
ex c ite m e nt . a n d pro c ee ded t o m u fl le t h e k n o b o f t h e s t ree t do o r
-

”
k no c k er t h erein. A £01014 : N ic k leby .

THE cere m on y perform ed by Mr K enwigs w ou ld .

g reatly exc ite the c u n o sity o f passers by n o wadays -

a n d a n y pro u d father w h o ve n tu red to im itate h im

w o u ld be regarded as an exceed ingly ecce n tric
gentle m an if n oth ing m ore ; bu t at o ne t im e it wa s
,

co n s ide red qu ite the correct th ing to clothe th e

k nocker in wh ite k id o n the b irth o f a ch ild and ,

the l ittle K enw igs wa s b y no m eans the o n ly infa n t

w hose adve n t wa s a n n o u n ced in th is m a n n er Of .

cou rse the original p u rpose wa s to dea de n the

n o ise m ade by im pat ie n t postm e n a n d o t her callers .

Th u s it an s wered t wo p u rposes A t Haarle m .

a nd so m e other D u tch tow n s th e arrival o f a l ittle

H oll a nder is procla im ed by m eans o f a sm a ll

26 G OO D S OCI E T Y .

placard wh ich is ador ned with red s ilk a nd lace ;

th is is affi xed to the door o f the ho u se a nd whe n ,

the frie nds an d n e igh b o u rs be ing thu s appr ised , ,

c al l to pay their respects to th e m other a n d in spect

the new co m er they are regaled with m u lled w ine
-

a n d c in nam o n cakes .

Form erly in th is cou n try th e frie nds who d irectly ,

the ne ws reached them called to o ffer the ir c o n ,

grat u lat io n s were e ntertained o n these occas ions

with c a ndle w h ich is a k in d o f sp iced gru el flavo u red
,

with ru m . The cu ps o u t o f w h ich th is re fresh m e nt

w a s partake n w ere m ade fo r a n d u sed o nly o n these
spec ial occas io n s They w ere o f ch in a a nd had
.

t wo handles o ne o n e ither s ide so th a t the goss ips

, ,

cou ld e as ily pass the m o n fro m o ne to the other

”
w he n so dispo ged .

C a ndle c u ps w ere o ft e n handed do wn as he ir

loo m s a nd as s uch were h ighly prized b y o u r
,
“
a ncestresses wh o m ade m uch m ore stir a nd to do
,
-

o n these occas io n s tha n is n o w the c u sto m The n .

there s the ge tle e s par y

w a n m n t — th is took place ’

at a later date A t the e nd o f a fort night if m oth er

.
,

a nd ch ild we re do ing well it w a s the c u sto m fo r ,

the h u sband to entert a in his part ic u lar frie nds .

Both bachelo rs a nd Be ned icts were inv ited to eat

”
s u gared toast wh ich as the cookery books say
, , ,

w as t h u s prepared
Rou nds o f b read toas ted an d each stratu m ,

spread th ick with m o ist s u gar these w ere p iled u p

in a portly pu nch bo wl S tro ng b eer wa s in the
.

m ea n t im e heated a nd po u red bo il in g hot over the

,
”
m o u nd o f bread .

“
Th is G oth ic m ess wa s take n im m ed iately to
the expectant gu ests a nd quickly de m ol ished A t .

th e co ncl u sio n o f t he repast eac h v is itor pu t a

 B I R TH . 27

p iece on ey into the em pty bo wl a nd the c o n

of m ,

t e n ts w ere prese ted to the

n — fo r the tim e be ing
ru ler o f the hou sehold the n u rse
, O fte n too
.
, ,

g ood s t ro n g ale w a s bre w ed or a p,ipe o f w in e la id

b y to be dru nk o n the m aj or ity o f the ch ild
, .

Tim es are changed old c u stom s a n d cerem onies

,

h ave in great m eas u re grad u ally d ied o u t a nd no ,

n e w o nes seem to have arise n in place o f the m .

A n eve n t o f th is k ind calls forth very few cere

m o nies n o wadays y e t these m u st be observed in

du e order a nd accord ing to the fash io n o f the tim e .

S om e doctors expect the fee o n these occa s io n s

im m ed iately after the birth others m a k e a sta ted
charge fo r atten dance d u ring th e ill ness a nd rece ive
their fee w he n they cea se to atte nd at the hou se .

Friends a nd acqu aintances e ither call and leave

or se n d the ir cards by their serva n ts with k ind ,

in qu iries bu t the m other a nd ch ild are no t d istu rbed

’

in the ir s ecl u s io n u ntil the form er ack now ledges the

kin d n e ss a nd cou rtesy o f her frie nds and annou nces ,

her rea ppea rance in s oc iety by se nd ing her card in

retu r n It is u su al to fix fo r the christe ning to take
.

pla ce if poss ible as soon as the m other is w ell

, ,

e nou gh to go o u t when her in fan t is abou t a m onth

,

old .

I n days gon e by th is rite w as per form ed whe n

,

the ch ild was bu t three days old King Ed ward V I . .

a nd h is s iste rs w ere bapt ised at that early age a n d ,

—
the c ere m o ny wh ich lasted bet wee n two a nd three
—
hou rs took place at night by torch l ight The -
.

ch ild w as carried u nder a ca nopy preceded by ,

ge ntle m e n bearing in state th e spo nsors gifts a nd ’

,

atten ded by flo ur ish o f trum pets .

A ltogether the royal christe nings o f those day s

m u st have b ee n m ost fatigu in g a nd ve n t u reso m e
28 G OOD S O CI E T Y.

proceed ings — a t a ny rate to the m other ; fo r thou gh

,

she did no t acco m pa ny her ch ild to the chapel ,

she w a s re m oved o n to a state pallet where she ,

rece ived co ngratu lat ion s a n d whe nce the pro ,

cess ion started That it was the ge neral c u stom

.

fo r the bapt is m to t ake place very soo n a fter the

b irth m a y be gathered from Mr Pepys wh o . ,

w r ites in h is vol u m in o u s D iary We we nt to M rs .

Bro wn s w here S ir W Pen a nd I were godfathers

’
, .
,

a n d M rs Jorda n a nd S lo pm a n w ere god m oth ers

. .

A n d t h ere be fore and after the christenin g w e

, ,

w ere with the w o m an a b ove in her cham ber I .

did give t h e m id wife ten sh ill ings a nd the nu rs e ,

fiv e sh ill ings a nd the m a id tw o sh ill ings

, Bu t .
,

inasm u ch as I expected to g ive the nam e to th e

ch ild but did no t I forbore the n to give m y plate
, ,

w h ich I had in m y pocket nam ely six spoo ns a n d , ,

”
a porringero f s ilver .

I f a n in fan t is feeble whe n born a n d no t e x ,

p e c t ed to l ive the r it
, e o f bapt is m is at o nce per
form ed privately in the roo m in wh ich the ch ild is .

I n cases o f extre m e n ecessity where the a ss istan ce ,

o f a clergy m a n ca n not be proc u red a ny pers o n ,

m a y bapt ise the ch ild Lay bapt ism is a n irregu

.

la rit y n o t a nu ll ity
, S hou ld a ch ild die be fore
.

be ing baptised it m a y be interred in consecrate d

,

grou nd bu t the b u rial serv ice o f the Chu rch ca nn o t

,

legally be read over its grave .

I f the ch ild l ives it is s u b sequ e ntly rece ived

,

into the Ch u rch a nd the n receives its spon sor s

, .

Bapt is m sho u ld be perform ed in the par ish in w h ic h

the ch ild is b orn The select ion o f godpare n ts is
.

o fte n a m atter o f co ns ide ra ble del icacy a nd diffi

c u lty ; fo r m any people are rel u ctan t to accept th e
o ffice wh ile others again who th ink they have a
, ,
 B /R TH . 29

stro ng claim to the honou r are offe nded if they are ,

o verlooked .

Form erly there w ere two god fathers a nd two go d

m others N o w if the in fan t be a boy he has t wo
.
, ,

godfathers a nd o ne god m other a nd if a girl t hen ,

t h e o rder is re v ers ed The godpare nts a re chose n

.

fro m the relat ives a n d fr ie n ds o f the pare n ts For .

the firs t born the sponsors shou ld be n ea r relat ives

-

,
’
pre fere n ce being give n to the father s fam ily It is .

n o t advisa ble t o choose elderly people fo r th is

o ffi ce ; fo r a lthou gh it s d u tie s are s u pposed to
,

ceas e w ith co n firm at ion yet the assoc iatio n o fte n ,

las ts a l ifet im e and k indly help a nd co u nsel m ay

,

be give n in later days by the godpare n t to the god

ch ild shou ld the battle o f l ife prove hard sho u ld
, ,

paren ts die or frie nds depart A t a baptis m wh ich

,
.

took pl a ce in 1 7 44 the sponsors m u st have bee n ,

very aged relatives j udg ing fro m their k in sh ip to,

the infan t Its god m others were three in nu m ber

.

— its r t great gr n d other great gra n d other

g ea a m m
- - -

, ,

a n d gre a t great great au n t

-
Its great great great
- -

.
- -

reat u n cle nd t w o o f it g reat great — n cles w e re

g a s u
- -

t h e god fathe rs .

Th ere is no t m u ch variety in the choice o f the

christen ing prese nts The old fas h io ned g ift o f
.
-

k nife fork a nd spoon has give n place to w hat is

, ,

m ore u se fu l — a s ilver bas in a n d spoo n w h ich in ,

babyhood holds bread a nd m ilk a n d aft er wards ,

serv es as a s u gar bo wl B u t the s ilver m u g a nd .

ha ndso m ely bo u nd B ible st ill hold their gro u nd

-
.

A set o f coral bea d s w as fo rm erly a com m o n gift ,

”
m ore espec ially to a baby g irl Coral wa s -

dee m ed to possess certain val u able propert ies m ost

b eneficial to ch ildren no t o nly was it goo d to ru b
the ir gu m s with bu t it also had the po wer o f ,
3 0 G O OD S OCI E T Y .

preserving t he m from the fa ll ing s ickness fo r we

a re ass u r ed th a t the b est coral w orn a b o u t th e
neck w il l t u rn pale a nd wa n if the ch ild w h o w ears
it be s ick a nd co m es to its for m er colo u r again a s
,
”
its w ea rer recove rs hea lth .

We lately heard o f a godfa ther evide ntly o f a ,

practical t u rn o f m ind wh o con sidering t h e ord i

, ,

nary k in d o f prese n ts m ore or na m e n tal tha n u se fu l ,

bou ght fo r h is l ittle godso n so m e s hares in a m ine

to the a m o u nt that he w ou ld have spe n t o n h im in
a s ilvers m ith s shop It is no t u su al to co nsu lt th e
’
.

spo nsors as to the cho ic e o f the na m e ; bu t wh e n

the pare nts are des irou s to pay a spec ial co m pli
m e n t to o ne or other o f the godpare n ts t h ey g iv e ,

their ch ild the s am e nam e as that bor ne b y t h e

spo nsor .

The christe ning cere m ony a s appoin t ed by t h e ,

C h urch o f E ngland (o f wh ic h we are no w speaking) ,

som etim es take s place d u ring divine serv ice b u t ,

ge nerally speak ing is perform ed by itsel f a nd m th e

m orn ing .

The day being fixed all interested a sse m ble at

,

the ch u rch appo inted The officiating clergym a n

.
,

follo wed b y the spo nsors a nd the n u rse a nd ch il d ,

proceeds to the font As at a w edd ing it is n o w

.
,

c u sto m a ry fo r o nly those who have so m e o ffice

ass ig ned th em to form the princ ipal grou p T h e .

father a nd m other a nd a ny other frien ds wh o m a y

,

b e pres en t take their seats in pews n ear to t h e

,

fo nt .

The ch ild is held by the god m oth er d u ring t h e

firs t pa rt o f the ser vice and she places it o n the l e ft
,

a rm o f the clergy m an whe n he is ready to rece iv e

it
. Whe n he says the words Na m e th is ch ild ,
”
,

t he ch ie f god father shou ld pro n o u n ce it a u d ibl y

 B I R TH .
3 1

and d istinctly The nu rse who sh ou ld stand o n

. ,

—
the clergym an s right hand the god m oth er o n h is
’

le ft— takes the ch ild fro m h im a nd the serv ice pro ,

c ee ds to it s co n cl u s io n .

The fa ther accom panies the clergym a n to the

ve stry after the serv ice in ord e r to give part icu lars
,

n ecessary fo r registrat ion a nd a lso to d istrib u te the

,

proper fees .

Legally no n e c a n be claim ed fo r a baptism bu t

, ,

c u sto m h a s esta bl ished the practice The am o u n t

besto wed depen ds very m u ch u pon the ideas o f the
do n or S o m etim es the clergym an rece ives a bank
.

no te so m et im es o ne o r t wo g u ineas accord ing to

, ,

the m eans a n d po s it io n o f th e pare n ts I n Londo n .

—
these cere m o nials are m ost expe n s ive so m a ny
perso n s a ppear o n the sce n e a ll o f w hom expe ct ,

gratu ities The beadle a nd the sexton the wom a n

.
,

w h o s weeps in s ide the ch u rch a n d t h e m a n wh o

s weeps ou ts ide the pew Opener a nd the clerk are
,
-

a ll ready w ith itch in g pal m s .

The rite o f ch u rch ing gen erally takes place

im m ed iately be fore that o f the christen ing The .

clergy m an is requ ested to b e at the ch u rch a short

tim e be fore the hou r a ppo inted fo r the ch riste ning ;
‘

a nd the ch u rch ing serv ice w h ich is bu t a short o ne

, ,

takes place be fore the spo nsors a rrive .

It t I b e see n that here as w el l as in other ,

chapters the cere m onial o f th e C h u rch o f E ngland

,

has bee n take n fo r a n exam ple a n d alo n e desc ribed .

It need hardly be re m arked that the bapt is m al

s erv ice is per for m ed by other rel ig io u s de no m in a
t io n s accord ing to oth e r rites ; bu t as it wou ld
be im poss ible in a book o f th is desc ript ion to
atte m pt to describe th e m an y difl ere nt for m s o n e
'
‘

o n ly has b ee n c ited as in eve ry case tho u gh the

, ,
3 2 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

rel igio u s c erem o nials differ the soc ial u sages a re ,

s im ilar .

The e nterta inm e nts give n o n th e c hriste ning day

are variou s S o m et im es w he n it take s place in a
.
,

m orn ing the g u ests retu rn to l u n c h eo n ; so m et im es

,

th ey sepa rate a t the ch u rch door a nd m eet again ,

in the eve ning a t a d inn er party g ive n in ho no u r o f

t h e yo u ng stra nger Whatever the fest iv ity t h e
.
,

offic ia ting clergy m an is a l ways inv ited a nd the baby ,

is exh ib ited e ither b efore or after the repast in all

the sple ndo u r o f its christe ning robe T h e presen ts .

are o fte n g ive n at th is t im e ; som etim es they a re

se nt a fterwa rds D uring the d in ner the infan t s
’
.

health is proposed ; and at dessert a ch riste ning

cake wh ich clo sely rese m bles a wedd ing cak e
, ,

appea rs bear ing a fl ag o n w h ich is e m blazo ned

,

the n a m e o f the hero o f the day A s m a ll portio n .

is o fte n pu t sa fely a way to be e a te n in a fter yea rs

,

b y t h e o ne whose nat ivity is th u s celebrated A .

p iece o f cake a nd b ottle o f w in e are sen t o u t to th e

se rvan ts wh o fu l ly expect to d rin k the l ittle o ne s
,
’

health .

The n u rse too ge n erally rece ives a prese nt o n

, ,

i n —
these occas o s a p iece o f m on ey is sl ip ped in to
h er han d ; a nd the n aga in w he n she takes t he ch ild
,

fo r the first t im e to the ho u ses o f the fr ie n ds o f its

p aren ts to exh ib it it it has bee n u su al to give h er
,

a prese nt o f m o ney I n som e p a rts the ch ild is

.

o ffered a gift o f sal t a nd a n egg fo r good l u ck ;

spec ial care be ing take n th a t th e y o u ng p ilgr im
m akes it s first v is it to the ho u se o f a n e ar relat iv e

or part ic u lar frien d so tha t the cere m ony w il l no t

,

b e o m itted or forgotte n ; fo r su perst itio n says that

if the cere m o ny be n eglected the infan t w ill be ,

exposed d u r ing l ife to th e m iseries o f wan t .

 B I R TH .
33

C onfirm ation ts as it were , baptism

, the sequ el to .

The age a t w hich bishops accept ca nd ida tes fo r

th is rite is fro m fou rteen to fi fte en ye ars .

Notices o f con fir m ation t o b e held are always

g ive n o u t in th e d iffere n t ch u rches so m e w eeks
prio r to the even t a n d pe rso n s des iro u s o f be in g
,

ad m itted to the rite are requ este d to m ake k n o wn

their wish and to give in their nam es to the ir
,

respective clergym e n .

Clas ses are form ed a nd in struct ion a nd prepara

,

t io n give n d u ring the w eek s preced ing the day

,

w h ich the b is hop has a ppo in ted A t th e ho u r .

n am ed the ca n d idates having prev io u sly rece ived

, ,

fro m the ir clergy m a n a card o n wh ich is w ritte n h is

or her nam e a nd s ign ed by their in str uctor as a
, ,

c e rt ificate th at they have bee n prepared fo r the

s ole m n service proceed to the ch u rch in wh ich the

,

c ere m o n y is to take place .

The you ng g irls shou ld be dressed in w h ite .

A h igh w h ite dress w itho u t sha wl or j a ck et

, ,

a nd a w h ite ve il o r cap a nd wh ite gloves is the , ,

p roper cost u m e I f a ve
. il is w o rn it m u s t be a ,

s im ple s q u are o f wh ite t u lle fall in g equ ally over the

fro n t a n d back G reat s im pl ic ity shou ld be o h
.

served in the dress fo r co nfirm at ion The yo u ths .

w ear black s u its black t ies a n d gloves

,
They are .

placed o n o ne side o f the ch u rch a nd the m aide n s ,

o n the other .

W hen the t im e arr ives fo r the lay ing o n o f h ands -

th e g irls go first e ither by tw o a nd tw o or m ore as

, , ,

m a y be the c u sto m o f the b ishop They gi ve their .

c ard or ce rt ificate in to the ha nds o f the b is h op s

’

chapla in wh o stands near to rece ive the m

, The .

cand idates k n eel dow n before the b ishop wh o lay s ,

h is ha n d severally o n the ir heads Whe n the short .

C
34 G OOD S OCI E T Y
.

pra yer repea t ed by h im wh ile doing so is finish ed ,

t hey rise from th e ir kn e es a nd retu rn to the ir s ea ts

.

A fter a ll have bee n co n firm ed the b ishop u s u ally

del ivers a short a ddress wh ich con cl u des t h e
,

service .
 C H A PT E R I I I .

ET I Q U ETT E A N D S OC I A L O B S E RVA N CES .

O rigin o f t h e w o rd E tiq u ett e T h e D is tingu ishing M a rk

-

o f G o o d M a nners—A ga inst E x trem e C e rem o n , E x

y
c ess iv e A po lo gis ing, a n d A ff ec t a tio n T h e La w s o f
n t ro du c t io n— A tt en t io ns to be
I id b G n t l n t
p a y e e m e o a
La dy — T he D ifferent M o des o f B o w ing a nd S ha k ing th e
H a nd T he W a lk Ca rriage — n v r i —
C o e sa t o n V o ic e
Laughter I nac c u rac ies o f S peec h —L a ws o f Prec edenc y
— .

I am t h e very pin k o f c o u rt e s y .
S ha kespea re .

T h o se gra c efu l a c t s .
T h o se t h o u sa nd dec en c ies . t h a t da ily flo w
Fro m a ll h er wo rds a n d a c t io n s .

Al ilton .

“
C EN T U RI ES ago th e word etiqu ette co nv eyed to
those wh o u sed it a fa r d iffere nt s ign ificat io n than
r —
to u s o f the presen t day The w o d a n A nglo.

Nor m an o ne — orig inally spec ified the t icket tied to

the necks o f bags or affixed to b u ndles to denote
the ir con te nts A bag or b u ndle th u s t icketed
.

passe d u nchalle nged .

O ur an cestors as we have see n had the ir codes

, ,

o f m a nn ers The ch ief ru les o f these form s o f

.

behavio u r w ere writte n or printed u po n c a rds or

tickets a n d th u s the word
, et iqu ette gradu ally
C Z
3 6 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

ca m e to m ean what we u n ders ta nd by it H e nc e .

“ ”
t h e m oder n sla ng p h rase , the ticket is no t so ,

m ea n ingles s a s it w o u ld see m to b e .

Be fore beg in ning with the spec ial it ies o f et iq u ette ,

let m e re m a rk that the first a nd great characterist ic

o f w h a t is c al led good breed ing is per fect ease o f
-

m a nn er a n d the ab se n ce o f all fi asz ness Whatever

'

t he co m pa ny we m ay be t h ro wn in to w hatever t h e ,

c irc u m stances th is qu iet e a se sho u ld n ever be

,

allo wed to fors ake u s n e ither d iverg ing in to u n

,

be nd ing st iffness o n th e o ne hand no r into too ,

m uch fa m iliarity o n the other . Per fec t polite n ess

requ ires prese nce o f m in d a q u ick se n se o f pro
,

p r i e t,y a n d a n ab ility to fo rm a n i n sta n t a n eo u s

j u dg m en t o f w h a t is fittest to be sa id a nd do ne o n
every occas ion as it o ffers . 11 m e se m b le q u e
l esprit de po litesse est u ne certa ine atte n t io n it
’

faire q u e par n o s paroles et n o s m a nieres les

, ,

au tres so ie nt co nte nts de n ou s et d e u x m em e s ’

-

( I co n s ider the sp irit o f pol ite n ess to be o n e

wh ic h w ill gover n o u r behav io u r so th a t by o u r
,

words a nd act io ns othe rs m a y be pleased w ith u s

a nd with the m selves ) is the op in io n o f Mo n tes

qu ie n I n o u r e ndeavo u rs to be pol ite we m u st

.
,

be care fu l no t to ru n in to an y ext re m es bu t bear ,

in m ind that good m anners sho w the m selves w he re

to the v u lgar eye they are the least observa ble .

Extre m e cere m on y is o nly the caricat u re o f good

breed ing ; it prod u ces co nte m pt a nd em barrass m ent ,

n o t respect a n d ease .

A s a n insta n ce o f the abs u rd ity o f extre m e pu nc

t il io I m a y relate o ne wh ich occ u rred in S pain
, .

O n the death o f a certain q u ee n o f th at nat io n the ,

o fficers o f the crown a nd grandees o f the k in gdo m

a sse m bled a t the u s u a l t im e to ope n her Majesty s
‘
’
 E TI Q U E T TE S OCI A L OB S E R VA N 0 37
’

A ND 3 .

will ; b u t fi nd ing that the first lady o f th e qu ee n s ’

cha m ber w h o ou ght b y v irt u e o f her o ffic e to have

,

bee n prese nt wa s abse n t the au gu st body se n t a

, ,

m esse n ger req u est in g h er a t te n da n ce T h e first .

lady repl ied that it w a s her d u ty no t t o l eave her

deceased roya l m is tress a n d th a t the re fore the ,

n obles m u st w a it u po n h er There u po n e nsu ed a .

n egot iat io n wh ich la sted n o l e ss tha n e igh t ho u rs .

A s both s ides re m a ined inflex ible it w a s proposed ,

that w ithou t ris ing from the ir seats or m ov ing th em

selves they sho u ld be t a rrzra to a room at a n equ al ’
'

d istan ce b e t w ee n the ir o w n apa rt m e n t a nd that o f

the La dy H igh Ch am berlain wh o sh o u ld be also ,

carr ied to the sa m e place s eated u po n a h igh ,

c u sh ion in the sam e m anner a s sh e h a d sat in the

q u ee n s cham ber t o the end th at it m ight be said
’
,

that ne ither s ide had m ade a s tep to m eet each

other . Th is l u d icrou s co m pro m ise wa s a ctu ally
carried o u t .

I f a pe rso n o f h igher ra n k des ires y o u to step

first into a carriage it is b etter to bo w a n d obey
,

tha n to decl in e A dd iso n rem arks

. A pol ite ,

cou n try sq u ire sh a ll m ake y o u a s m an y bow s in

”
hal f a n hou r a s w ou ld serve a cou rt ier fo r a w eek ;
“
a n d there is says the sam e w riter
, infi nitely ,

m ore to do abou t place and precede ncy in a

-

m eet ing o f j u st ices w ives tha n in a n asse m bly o f

’

d u chesses .

Th u s w e shou ld no t co n stantly repeat the nam e

,

o f a n yo n e w ith w ho m w e m ay be talk in g no r ,

sho u ld w e m ake a n excess ive u se o f t itles whe n

co nvers ing with people o f rank T ittlebat T it .

m o u se exposed h is ign ora nce o f the ha b its o f good

soc iety no t o nly by his fl u rried m a n n er a nd great
,

anxiety to s ho w wh a t the French call ales perm J oins ,

3 8 G O OD S OCI E T Y .

bu t also in h is m ode o f talk ing with his n obl e

host — “
Oh yes m y lord ; q u ite so you r lordsh ip
, , ,

wo u ld n t have been beh ind t im e you r lordsh ip fo r

’
, ,
”
a m inu te m y lord ,
&c & c , . .

A t the sam e tim e be it re m e m bered that the

o t h er extre m e m u st be gu arded aga in st — fa m il iarity ,

I t is o n ly again st the
”
too ,
breeds con te m pt .

co nstan t repet itio n o f t itle or n am e that we u tter

a protest G e ntle m e n a nd ge n tle wo m e n o f the last
.

cent u ry invariably addressed o n e another as Madam

a nd S ir ; the term s are n o w o b solete in ord ina ry
co nversation A n occas io na l interpolatio n o f the
.

n a m e o f the pe rso n with who m w e a re co n vers in g

is what is requ ired a nd m ore espec ially if w e ,

shou ld happen to d issent in a ny degree to c o n ,

tra dic t or to affirm .

“ ” “
For in stance Do yo u th ink so ?,
I bel ieve
”
I a m right w o u ld so u nd bru sq u e if n o t ru de bu t
,

attach the na m e a nd see what a d iffere n t e ffect , ,

a nd h o w so fte n ed the se nte nces appear Do

”
y o u th in k so Lady Pe n rose ?
, I bel ieve I a m

right Mr B ro wn
, . .

I n spe a k ing to a k ing or q u ee n we add ress the m

—
as Yo u r Majesty othe r m e m bers o f the Royal
“ ”
Fam ily as S ir or Madam
, a n d Yo u r Roy a l
, ,

H igh ness A D uke or D u chess is addressed in

.

ord inary co nversat ion as Du ke or D u chess

w h ile a m arq u is or m a rch io n ess or a n y o f the ,

nob il ity o f lo w er ran k w o u ld be spoke n to w ith , ,

out d ist inct io n o f their spec ial t itles as L ord ,

—
S o an d S o or L ady S o a nd S o
-
- -
.

Descend ing in the scale o f t itles I wou ld in , ,

pass ing rem ark that it is no t etiqu ette to address

,

those who possess su ch t itles as C olonel C aptain , ,

D octor, &c , by such des ignat ions o nly bu t to

.
,
 E TI OU E T TE A ND S OCI A L OB S E R VA N CE S .
39

appe n d their r espect ive su rn am es a nd also tha t ,

n oth in g is m ore obj ect io nable th a n to hear lad ies

speak o f ge ntlem en by their s u rnam es on ly or ,
”
j u ve niles address their parents as Pa a nd Ma ,

a fter the fash io n o f the M isses Pecks niff For .

grown u p ch ildre n the term s

-
Father a n d
,
“ ”
Mother are m ore becom ing than Papa or
“
Mam m a The prono u n m y sho u ld be u sed
.

“
in speak ing o f relat ives gene rally as My father ,
” ”
say s so My u ncle told m e
,
.

A pologis ing aga in is co n stan tly ca rried to a n

, ,

ill bred extre m e

-
N u m e ro u s p ro fo u nd and re
.
, ,

iterated apologies have the e ffect o f m ak ing eve ry

o n e w ith in hea ring o f t he m rem arkably u n co m fort
able a nd pa rtic u larly the o ne w ho receives the m
,
.

” “
A pologis ing says a m ode rn a u thor
,
!
is a very ,
”
despe rate habit a nd o ne that is rarely c u red
,
.

A s it is ill m ann ered t o e xpress too m u ch regret

-

so it is the esse nce o f ru de ness n o t to m ake a ny

apology S ho u ld y o u h ave the m is fort u ne to inj u re
.

e ither the person or the feel ings o f yo u r ne ighbou r ,

”
the for m al I beg you r pardo n shou ld be ac c o m
p a n ie d by a n e ffo rt to prove the s in cer ity o f the
w ords thou gh it n eed no t t a k e the pract ical for m
,

g ive n it by the poor T ittlebat T itm ou se b e fore

all u ded to wh o whe n he broke a glass d ish
, , ,

t u rn ed first to h is host a nd th en to h is hostess

with pro fu se apolog ies a nd at the sa m e t im e ,

assu red them that he wou ld replace it with the

best in Lo ndo n the very first th ing in the
o

m o rn t ng.

Let m e no w say a few words u pon affectat ion ,

by wh ic h I
.
m ean the adoption o f pec u l iarities o f

O . W Ho lm es
. .
40 GOOD SOCI E TY .

speech act io n a nd de m ea nou r wh ich a re n o t

, ,

n at u ral
. La m o indre a ffecta tio n est u n v ice ”
,

says V oltaire Odd it ies a nd s ing u lar ities m a y

.

atte nd ge n iu s bu t whe n t h ey do so they are it s

,

m is fort u nes a n d it s ble m ishes Fo r instan ce w h ile

.
,

w e ad m ire the w isdo m o f D r Joh n so n we ca nn ot .

,

h o ld u p h is m an ners as a n exa m ple to be follo w ed .

Here is a desc ript io n I n the in tervals o f art i

c u lat io n h e m ade variou s sou nds w ith h is m ou th ,

som et im es as if ru m inat ing or w h a t is c a lled che w

.

ing the c u d som et im es giving a hal f wh istle o r

,
-

m ak in g h is to ngu e play back wards fro m t h e roo f

o f h is m ou th as if cl u ck in g l ike a be n ; a n d whe n
,

exha u sted by m u ch talk ing he w o u ld blo w o u t h is

”
breath l ike a whale N o w altho u gh th is gross
.
,

behavio u r co u ld n ever beco m e the fash io n y e t ,

other pract ices a re adopted w h ich have qu ite as

l ittle grace a n d elega nce abo u t the m and no t , ,

be ing n at u ral to the ind ivid ual w h o ass u m es the m -

destroy th a t ease o f m an ner wh ich it is so esse n t ial

to attain It is cu r iou s to notice that a descript io n
.

w ritte n in the seve n tee nth ce n tu ry o f the var io u s

fo rm s o f a ffectat io n the n in vo gu e is s ingu larl y
“
appl icable to the prese n t day A t o n e t im e it
.

w a s fash io nable to be short s ighted a m an w ou ld

-

n o t o wn a n acq u a inta nce t m t il h e had first ex

a m ine d h im th ro u gh a
(a n eye ) glass The age .

n o soo ner recovered it s s ight tha n the bl in d were

s u cce eded by the lam e Is no t th is a p ictu re o f

.

so m e o f the pres en t foll ies o f fash ion ? Have w e

n o t m e n w it h eye glasses th ro u gh w h ich they c a n
-

n o t see ,a n d w o m e n w ith affected l im p al m ost ,

a m ou n t ing to a n awkw ard hobble disfigu ratio ns ,

m ost la m e n table to t hose w ho are rid ic u lo u s eno u gh

to follo w th is abs u rd ity o f fash io n ?

 E TI Q U E T TE A ND SOCI A L OB S E R VA N CEs .
41

A nd no w spe a k o f the vario u s fixed form s

let m e

o f o bs etv a n c e w h ic h s h o u ld be o u r gu ide o n those

o c cas io n s w here set form s a re fo u n d to be nec es

sary in order to avoid e m barrass m en t a nd c o n
fu s io n . It will be w ell fi rst to give the ge neral
r u les a n d m e n t ion the except io ns w he n the c ircu m
,

stances w h ich w ou ld occas io n a d ive rge nce a re

t reated o f hereafter To begin w ith introd u ctio n
.

w he n a lady a n d ge n tle m a n are to be in trod u ced

to each other the lady s perm iss ion sh o u ld first be
,
’

a sked a nd o b ta in ed a n d t h e o ffi ce c a n o n ly be
,

pe rform ed by a co m m on frie nd A l ways in t rod u ce .

the ge ntle m a n to the lady a nd n ever the lady to the ,

gen tle m an When the sexes a re the sa m e presen t

.
,

the in ferior to the s u perior .

The et iqu ette observed is to accom pany the

gen tle m an to the lady w h o if seated does no t r ise , , , ,
“ “
a n d say , May I or A llow m e to introd u ce
,

.
—
M r S in clair M iss G ran t Mr S in clair ”
W here ,
. .

u po n b oth h o w bu t do n o t sha k e hands the intro

, ,

du c er the n ret ires and the int rod u ced at o n ce e n ter

,

in to co n versat io n It is al ways the part o f the lady

.

to m ake t h e first int im at ion o f recog nit io n at the ir

n ext m eet ing A gen tle m an m u st n o t e it her b o w
.

o r shake ha nds with a lady u n t il she has m ade the

first m ove m e n t ; n e ither m u st he u nder a ny c ir ,

c u m st a nc es fa il to retu rn her co u rtes ies

, I f he .

m ee t her in the street a nd sees she wishe s to speak

, ,

he w ill im m ed iately tu rn a n d walk in the d irect io n

in wh ich she is go ing ; if o n horseback he w ill dis ,

m o u n t a n d lead h is horse a n d walk by her s ide , ,

fo r o n n o occas io n is it perm iss ible fo r a lady to

s tan d fo r any t im e w h ile talk ing in a st reet I n the .

days o f o u r D u tch k ing it w a s c u sto m ary fo r a ,

g e n tle m a n w he n wal k in g b es id e a lady to ca rry h is

42 G O OD S OCI E T Y

hat in his ha nd or u nder h is a rm The pract ice o f .

w alk ing a rm in a rm appea rs to b e q u ite o f c o m

- -

p a ra t iv ely m oder n date bu t is n o w e n

,
t irely aba n

do u ed except o n s u ch occas io ns as going in to

,

d inner s u pper etc The cu stom o f a h u s ba n d a nd

, , .

w ife appe a ring a rm ia a rm w he n the ir n a m es are

- -

a nno u n ced at a recept io n is altogether o u t o f date .

The lady e n ters fi rst a n d her lord follow s a fter

, .

I n the sa m e wa y cou ples do n o t wal k a rm in a rm - -

in the streets u nless to t rave rse so m e cro w d

, .

Whe n t wo or m o re persons w alked together it w as ,

form e rly the c u sto m to hold each other by th e

ba nds . I n the t wel ft h a nd th irtee n th ce n t u ries it
see m s to have bee n the he ig h t o f ge nt il ity to hold
the lady by the fi nger on ly I f by a ny m ischan ce .

a lady is in a c ro wd the ge ntle m an sh o u ld precede

,

her in o rder to clear a path fo r her a nd try t o

, ,

sh ield her as m u ch as he poss ibly c a n fro m r u de

e ncou nters ; fo r o n s u ch like gathe rings hon est Joh n
-

B u ll th inks he doe s no t sho w the tru e sp irit o f

l iberty u nless he jostles sq u eezes a nd p u shes h is
, ,

n e i hbo u rs abo u t as m u c h as poss ible A n

g ge .

tlem a n will follo w a l ady u p a nd do wn sta irs ; h e

will get o u t o f a carriage firs t a nd offer his h a n d ,

in o rde r to ass ist her to al ight ; he will no t u s e

sla ng express ions when co n vers ing w ith her ; h e
w ill never s m oke in th e prese nce o f a lady witho u t
firs t obtainin g her per m iss io n an d if whe n s m ok ing , ,

o u t o f doors he m eets a ny lady be she frie n d or

, ,

fo e he will tak e h is c igar o u t o f h is m o u th w h ile

,

pass ing her . To be su re says Dr Joh n son , .

,
“
it is a shock ing t h ing b lowing s m oke o u t o f o n e s
’

”
m o u th in to other people s m o u ths eyes a nd n oses
’
.
, ,

The c u stom o f withdrawing the glove be fore

shak in g hands wit h a lady is no w a th ing o f t he
 E TI OU E T TE A ND S OCI A L OB S E R VA NCE s .
43

pa s t It originated in the k night tak ing o ff his iron

.

ga u n tlet w h ich wou ld have h u rt the hand o f h is

,
”
fa ire la dye No lo nger do w e see ge ntle m e n
.

ca rrying a c reased glove or wearing o ne u ntid ily ,

la rge in o rder to avo id the a w kward n ess o f keeping

,

th e lady w aiting w hile he drags it o ff The w ell .

fit ting tidy co m forta b le o n e has tak e n its place

, , ,

a nd m a y it lo ng retain it
A s grace sho u ld atte n d a ll the m ove m e nts ,

w heth er o f m a n or wom a n the m anner o f bo w ing ,

shak ing the hand wal king a n d speaking shou ld be

, ,

at o nce refi ned a nd elega n t .

The bo w shou ld be a grace fu l be nd or incl ina ,

t ion o f the hea d ; n o t a hasty m ove m e nt no r a stiff ,

jerk A ge ntle m a n shou ld raise h is hat indeed

.
, ,

ta ke it o ff h is head b ut no t w ith a flo u rish no r

, ,

se ize it wit h a s u dde n dash as is no w so o fte n see n , .

There is great art in m aking a bo w d ignified a nd ,

s tately bu t at the sam e t im e ne ither st iff n o r a wk

,

w a rd a n d h o w m u ch m ore d iffic u lt is it than pe ople

s u ppose to shake hands w ell !
I n what a variety o f w ays a re o u r hands shaken
in the co u rse o f the year a n d h o w few o f those ,

w ays are pleasan t ones S om et im es o u r ha nds are

seiz ed a nd v iole ntly agitated to a nd fro at others ,

a l im p nerveless so m eth ing is dropped into o u ro u t

,

s tretched pal m wh ich sho ws n o s ig n o f l ife wh ile

,

in o u r possess ion There are people wh o fro m

. ,

n o feel ing o f a ffect io n bu t s im ply fro m a v ic io u s

,

ha b it in te nded to express heart in ess a nd cord ial ity ,

squ ee z e you r fingers u nt il the rings u pon the m

en ter in to yo u r flesh —
Ot hers a nd I th ink t his the
.

m ost try in g ordeal —retain you r h and in t heirs fo ra

le ngth o f tim e a nd ever a nd a no n giv e it a l ittl e
,

shake b y wa y o f ad ding em p ressem a t to their

44 GOO D S OC I E T Y .

inqu ir ies a b o u t you r wel fare . Th is latter c u sto m

is a very old fas hio n ed o ne , bu t n o w a nd aga in
-

o n e is re n dered u n co m fortable by e n co u nte rin g it .

No each o f these form s o f hand shak ing is m ost

-

irrit a ting a n d obj ect io n able . Take the hand

o ffered y o u firm ly ; be care fu l to grasp the h a nd,
n o t the fi ngers m e rel y, w h ic h has a rid ic u lo u s

effect ; g ive it a ge n tle pressu re , a nd th efi relin

u is h it ; do n o t lt ft it u p to sh a ke , n e it h er le t it
q
drop s u dde nly—h eartin ess a nd cord ial ity sho u ld
be expressed , witho u t the sl ightest ap proac h to
bo istero u s n ess .

“
I have o fte n heard people say , I c a n tell
w hether a m a n is a ge ntl e m a n fro m h is w alk . I
kno w t hat s e rvan ts c a n be d istingu ished by t h e
short abru pt steps t h ey take so , dou btles s, a tru e
lady c a n be d iscovered by h e r m a n n er o f w al kin g .

The follo wing form s o ne o f a code o f m an n ers

drawn u p by a Fre nch m an fo r the bene fit o f h is
co u n try wo m e n in th e th irteen th ce ntu ry Do no t
trot or ru n , a nd a s yo u walk look straight be fore
y o u w ith eyel id slo w a nd fi xed , look ing for w ard
to the grou n d at five to ises (th irty feet ) be fore y o u ,
n o t look ing at or t u r ning yo u r eyes to m a n or
w om a n wh o m a y b e to you r right or le ft, n o r look
ing u p wa rds , no r changing you r look fro m o n e place
to a nother, no r la ugh ing, n o r stopp ing to speak to
”
anybody . It does n o t appear that th is strict ru le
w as fo r the spec ial u se o f n u n s or a n y rel igio u s
body, bu t intended fo r the w el l bred lady o f the
-

tim e.

B u t to retu rn to y m aide n o f o u r o wn day

e

let her step be firm a nd her gait steady, let her

no t wal k in to o gre a t a h u rry , n o r yet drag slo wly
al o ng . L et herar m s m ove with t he natu ral m ot io n
 E TI OU E T TE A ND S OCI A L OB S E R VA N CE s .
45

o f th e b ody ; they m u st nei t her s wing to a nd fro

no r d n a gle by the s ide .

G ra c e w as in all h er s t e ps .
I n ev ery ges t u re dign ity .

A m a n s walk shou ld d iffer from a w om an s in that

’ ’

he sho u ld take a longer step bu t stead iness o f ,

carriage a nd fi rm ness o f tread are as necessary in

the o ne as in the other Horace Walpole is de .

s cr ibed as al ways e n ter in g a roo m w it h k n ees be n t

a n d fe et o n t iptoe as if afra id o f a w et floor ; b u t w e

,

a re told that th is a ffected style wa s q u ite a la m ode

in h is day .

I n the hou se a wo m a n is allo wed m u ch less

freedo m o f post u re tha n a m a n ; he m ay cha nge
h is pos it io n in an infi n ity o f w ays lou nge a nd 10 11 , ,

c ross h is legs do a ny t h ing bu t sit o n the edge o f

,

h is cha ir o r clasp h is han ds ro u n d h is k nee bu t a

w o m a n m u st s it st ill A dd iso n t ho u ght that th e
.

o n e g reat e nd o f a lady s lear n in g to da n ce w a s

’

that she m igh t k n o w ho w to sit st ill grace fu lly .

The hands if n o t occ u pied are so a pt to fidget

, ,

e ither with each other with so m e part o f the dress

, ,

or face V e ry o fte n it is a nervo u s hab it ; bu t from

.

w hatever cau se it m a y a rise it sho u ld be at o nce ,

a n d fi nally repressed .

O n e m o re re m ark I m u st m ak e be fore I close

“
the chapter a nd that is o n co n versat ion
, The .

to ne o f good con versatio n says Rou sseau is fl o w

”
, ,

ing a nd natu ral it is n e ither heavy n o r fr ivolo u s

”
it is l ively w itho u t n o ise The art o f co nversatio n
.

co n sis t s as m u c h in l iste ning pol itely as in talking

agreeably ; the re fore n ever in te rru pt anyon e wh o
m a y be speak ing to y o u a nd at the sa m e t im e do
,

no t let yo u r e yes w a nde r to other obj ects bu t ,

46 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

keep the m o u the speak er avo id ing ho wever the

, , ,

ru de stare We shou ld n ever be de m o nstrative in

.

o u r act io n s wh ile speak ing n o r sho u ld w e either

,

tal k lo u dly or lau gh b oiste ro u sly a nd the Pers ians

say o f n o isy u nreasonable talk I hear the n o ise
, ,

o f the m illsto n e bu t I see n o m eal

,
Wh isperin g .

is a great b reach o f good m a n ners It is you ng .

people ge ne ral ly spe ak ing w h o co m m it this breach

, , .

You th a nd h igh spirits together w ith love o f fu n

,

a n d frol ic m ake the m forget fu l or obl ivio u s o f t h e

,

feel ings o f othe rs a nd they ind u lge in t his rep t e

,

h ensible a d n ru h —
de abit fo r r u de it m ost u n
do u btedly is Who ha s no t see n a k no t o f yo u ng
.

people cl u ster together in t he corner o f a roo m a n d ,

begin fi rs t to w h isper a nd the n to giggle ? I t m ay

be that n oth ing was fu rt h er fro m th e ir thou ghts or
lips tha n to m ake re m a rks u po n the com pa n y
prese nt ; b u t s u ch cond u ct al ways prod u ces the
im press ion o n the m in ds o f those o u ts ide t h e cl iq u e
that they are the s u bj ect o f t hose com m en ts a nd ,

perhaps the objects o f rid ic u le There fore h o w .

,

ever stro ng the des ire m a y b e to have p rivate fu n

a n d a m u se m e n t o r to co m m u n icate secrets it m u st
, ,

n o t be g ive n w a y to in p u bl ic .

Happ ily fo r u s ge neral soc iety is no t m ade as

,

u nco m fortable by th is style o f behav io u r as it u sed

to be fo r the follow ing description o f the m isery

e nd u red by a ge ntlem a n at a n eve n ing party ,

wr itte n fifty years ago wo u ld be dee m ed a h ighly

,

exaggerated o ne no w
On m y a rrival t he lad ies in deed rose bu t w he n
I was seated they gro u ped the m selves in a corner
,

a n d e n tered in to a p rivate cabal see m in gly to dis ,

cou rse u pon po in ts o f great sec resy and im portan ce ,

b t e al m e rr im ent a nd d iversio n The ir c o n

u
qu .
 E TI OU E T TE A ND S OCI A L VA N ew .
47

v ers a tion w as confined wholly to th em selves it wa s

a co n t inu ed la u gh an d wh isper ; a w hole se n t
en ce w a s scarce eve r spoke n alo u d ; s ingle w o rds
‘
no w a n d the n broke forth s u ch as od io u s ’
, ,
‘horr ible ’
My frie n d see m ed to be in a n
, &c .

u n easy s it u at io n at h is o w n t a ble btt t I wa s fa r ,

m ore m iserable I sat m u te a nd seldo m da red to

.
,

rais e m y eyes or t u rn m y head lest by so m e ,

a w k ward gest ure I m ight draw u po n m e a wh isper

”
or a lau gh . I sho u ld n o t h a ve re m arked u po n
th is h ab it had it been a n o bsolete o ne ; bu t it is
by n o m ea n s u n co m m o n n o w .

W o u ld that the speak ing vo ice were as as

sidu o u s ly c u lt ivated as t h e s in g in g vo ice a n d the n ,

the n e rv es o f o u r ears wou ld n o t be so ofte n

‘
j arred by h arsh a nd u nm elod io u s talk ing H er
vo ice w a s ever soft ge n tle a nd lo w— a n excelle n t
, ,

th in g in wo m an That it is a qu estio n o f c u lt ure

we m a y be s u re by observ ing that all those w h o
,

speak o n the stage have s w eetly ton ed pleasan t -

vo ices a nd th is co u ld n o t be n a t u ral in every case

,
.

O u r t w o Qu ee n s A n ne a n d Mary w ere both d istin

g u is h e d fo r t h e ir clear a n d d ist in ct pro n u n c iat io n ,

the ir sweetn ess o f into nat ion a nd grace o f e nu nc ia

t io n ; these im portan t acco m pl ish m e nts t h ey de rived
fro m the in stru ct io ns o f Mrs Be tterto n a n act ress .
,
.

A n d the n again what pleasa n ter so u n d tha n a

,

m u s ical la u g h ? a nd yet h o w seldo m do we hear

o ne ! Go lds m ith asserts th a t a lo u d la u gh h e
sp eaks a vacan t m in d and Carlyle w rites in h is ,

qu ain t wa y Few are able to lau g h w hat c an

,

be called lau gh ing bu t only sn iff a nd t itter ,

fro m the throat o u twards or at be s t prod u ce , , ,

so m e w h ifiling h u sky cach innatio ns as if they

, ,

w ere laugh ing th ro u gh wool O f no ne s uch co m es.

48 G OOD S OC/E TY .

good . Withou t en dors ing th is sweep ing as sert io n ,

we m a y earnestly reco m m end the c u ltu re o f a wel l

m od u lated v o ice a n d m u s ic a l la u gh .

B u t alas ! w h at av a ils the s weetest to ned vo ice

,
-

if th e l ang uage is no t co rrect a n d refi n ed ? I n

the wo rds o f R u sk in A well ed u cated ge ntle m a n
,
-

m ay n o t k n o w m a n y la ng u ages — m a y no t b e able

to speak a ny bu t h is o wn B ut whate v er lang u ages

.

he k no ws he k now s precisely ; wha tever word he

,
—
pro no u n ces h e pro nou n ces rightly above all he
, ,

is lear ned in the pee rage o f words ; kno ws the

w ords o f tr u e desce n t a n d a nc ie n t blood at a gla n ce
”
fro m w ords o f m odern ca na ille Not o nly shou ld
.

t h e r u les o f gra m m a r be atte n ded to strictly n o t ,

o nly sho u ld t he poor letter H be al ways pu t in

it s right a nd never in its wro ng p lace bu t care ,

s h ou ld be ta ke n lest words an d phra ses shou ld be

introd u ced u n co n sc io u sly in to o ur co n versat io n ,

w h ic h are o ffe ns ive co rru pt io ns o f the E ngl ish

tongu e A nd to q u ote Ru sk in on ce m ore V u l
.
,

garity is ind icated b y coarse ness o f lang uage bu t ,

o nly so far as th is coarse ness has been co n tracted

u n der c irc u m sta nce s n o t n ecessarily prod u c in g it .

T here is no vu lgarity in
Bly t h e was sh e bu t a nd be n ,

A nd w eel sh e liked a H a wic k gill ,

A nd leu gh to se e a t a p p it h e n
'

‘
bu t ch in Mrs G a m p s inart ic u late bottle o n
’
m u .

the c h u m ley p iece a nd let m e pu t m y l ips to it

-

,
”
whe n I a m so dispo ged Provinc ial d ialect he
’
.
,
“
goes o n to say is no t v u lgar bu t Cock ney d ialect
, ,

is so in a deep degree b ecau se it is the corr u pt ion

,

o f a fi ner la ng u age co n t inu ally heard Th is igno r .

a nce or wa nt o f taste m eets w ith a sha r reb k e

p u
 E T I Q U E T TE A ND S O CI A L OB S E R VA N CE S .
49

in th e pa ges o f the Ta tler Th e fash ion o f a h

.

b re v ia t ing w ords , o f m ak ing o ne word o u t o f t wo ,

a n d p ro n o u n c ing the fi rs t syllable o nly , in a w ord

t h at has m a ny , is st ro ngly ce n s u red Th is reproof.

vas d irected agai ns t the u se o f su ch words a s

“
ph iz , ” “
coz, a nd the l ike , t he n in vogu e We .

m a y, in l ik e m anner, conde m n as wholly o bjec

t io n a ble the u se o f those ba rbaro u s m u t ilat io ns o f
“ ”
p hrases s u ch as t h a n k y o u ,
wh ic h h as bee n c o n
“
de n sed in to thanks a nd also l ift u p o u r vo ices
“ “ ”
a ga in st the shorte n in g o f inv itatio n in to inv ite .

“ ”
The co nsta n t u se o f the w ord lady a nd the
“ ”
term lady frie nd is also obj ect io na b le It is .

to be pres u m ed that a ll yo u r fem ale acqu aintan ces

“ ”
ar e lad ies . A write r sarcast ically observ es ,
T h ere is scarce o ne w om a n to b e m et w ith ; the
”
sex co n s ists al m ost e ntirely o f lo nzies ’
.

The recog nised order o f precede ncy is as fo l

low s
Peers ra nk am ong the m sel v es by date accord ing ,

to the ir pate n t o f creat io n .

Fore ign a m bassadors are give n the precede nce

o f o u r n ob il ity as the r eprese nt a t ives o f the perso n
,

o f the S ove re ig n w h o acc red its the m .

There is no spec ified place fo r phys ic ians or

m ed ical m e n bu t t hey are ranked i n the Royal
,

ho u sehold as next to k n ights .

PREC ED EN C Y A M O N G M E N .

S o v ere ign. B ro th e rs o f S o v ereign.

Princ e o f W a les . U nc les o f S o v ereign .

S o ve re ign 5 b ro t h ers o rsis ters

' '

O t h e r S o ns o f S o v e re ign .

G ra ndso ns o f S o ve reign. so ns .

D
5 0 G O OD S O CI E T Y .

A rc h b ish o p o f C a n terb u ry . S p ea k er o f t he H o u se o f C o m
L o rd Prim a te o f A ll E ng m o ns .

la n d. C o m m iss io ners o f t he G rea t

T h e L o rd H igh C h a nc e llo r o r S e a l.
L o rd K ee pe r . T reas u rer o f H er M a e s ty s j '

T h e A rc hb is h o o f Y o rk Pri , H o us e h o ld.
m a te o f E n g a n d . C o m pt ro ller o f H e r M a e s ty sj ’

T h e A rc h b is h o p o f A rm a gh . H o u se h o ld.
Prim a te o f I rela nd . M a s t e r o f t h e H o rse .
T h e A rc hbis h o p o f D u blin. V ic e C h a m berla in o f H er M a
-

T h e L o rd H igh T rea s u re r jest y s H o u seh o ld.

'

T h e L o rd Pres ide nt o f t h e S ec re t a ries o f S ta te u nde r t h e

Priv y C o u n c il . degree o f B a ro n .
T h e L o rd Privy S e a l . V ’
isc o u n t s eldes t so ns .

T h e L o rd G rea t C h a m be rla in
’
. Ea rls y o u nger so n s .
T h e L o rd H igh C o nst a b le.
’
B a ro ns eldes t so ns .
T h e E a rl M a rs h a l . K n igh t s o f t h e M o s t N o b le
T h e L o rd H igh A dm ira l . O rder o f t h e G a rte r.
T h e L o rd S tew a rd o f H e r Priv y C o u nc illo rs .
j
M a es t y s H o u seh o ld
’
. q
Ch a nc e llo r o f t h e E xc h e u e r.
T he L o rd C h a m berla in o f H e r Ch a n c ello r o f t h e D u c h y o f
j
M a e s t y s H o u seh o ld
'

. L a n c a s ter.
D u kes a c c o rding t o t h e ir pa
, L o rd C h ie f J u s t ic e o f t h e
Q u ee n s Benc h.
'
te nt o f c re a t io n .

q
M a r u is es . a c c o rding t o t he ir M as t er o f t he Ro lls .
p a t e nt o f c re a t ion . L o rd C h ief J u st ic e o f t he C o m
m o n Ple as .
’
D u ke s e lde s t s o ns .

Ea rls . a c c o rding t o t he ir L o rd C h ief B a ro n o f th e E x

pa t e n t s . q
c h e u e r.
M ar q u ise s
’
eldes t so ns . T h e L o rds J u st ic es o f t h e
D u ke s y o u nger s o n s C o u rt o f A pp ea l in C h a n
'

Vis c o u nt s . a c c o rding t o th e ir c ery .

pa te nt s . V 1c e C h a nc ello rs .
-

Ea rls J u dges a nd B a ro ns o f t h e de
’
e lde s t s o n s .
M ar q u ise s
'

y o u n ger s o ns . gree o f t h e C o if o f t h e sa id
B is h o ps— L o ndo n , D u rh a m , C o urt s .
a nd W in c h es te r. A ll o th e r C o m m is sio ne rs o f t he C o u rt o f
E nglish B is h o s a c c o rding Ba nk ru t c y
p p .

t o t h e ir senio rt t y o f c o u se V isc o u nt s y o u nger so n s.

Ba ro n s y o u nger so ns
’
c ra t to n . .

Bish o ps o f M ea th a nd ilda re K . B a ro ne t s o f E ngla nd. S c o t

A ll o t h er I rish B ish o ps a c la nd, a nd I rela nd .

c o rding t o t h e ir s e n io rit
y of K n igh t s o f G ra nd C ro s s e s o f
c o nsec ra t io n . t h e Ba t h .
S ec re t a rie s o f S t a t e o f t h e K n igh t s o f G ra n d C ro s s es o f
de gree o f Ba ro n. S t M ic h a el a nd S t . G eo rge.
.

Ba ro ns . a c c o rding t o th e ir K n igh t s C o m m a nde rs o f t h e

p a t e nt . Bat h .
 E TI OU E T TE AND S OCI A L OB S ER VA N C E s .
51

K n igh t s Co m m a n de rs of S t. G en t lem en o f t he Priv y C h a m

M ic h a e l S t G eo rge
a nd . . be r.
K n igh t s B a c h e lo rs . q K
E s u ire s o f n igh t s o f th e Ba th .
C o m p a n io ns o f t h e B a t h . q
E s u ire s b y c rea t io n .
C a v a liers C o m pa n io ns o f S t . q
E s u ires b y o ffic e.
M ic h a e l a nd S t G e o rge . . Y o u nger so ns o f K
n igh ts o f
E ldes t s o n s o f y o u nge r so ns o f t h e G a rt er.

p e e rs .
’
Y o u nge r so ns o f K
nigh t s o f
B a ro n e t s elde st s o n s . t h e B a th .

E ldes t s o ns o f K
n igh t s o f t h e Y o u nge r so ns of nigh t s K
G a rte r . B a c h e lo rs .
E ldes t so ns o f K
n igh t s o f t h e C lergy m e n . B a rristers a t la w . - -

Ba th . O ffic ers in th e N a v y a nd
K '

nigh t s e ldes t so ns . A rm y w h o a re a ll G en t le
,

Yo u nger so ns o f y o u nger so ns m e n , a n d h a v e t h e ir res pec

o f Pe ers . t iv e p r e c ede n c y in t h e ir
se v era l pro fes s io ns .
’
B a ro n et s y o u nger s o ns .
q
Es u ire s o f th e S o v e reign s
'

C itiz en s .

B o dy . B u rges ses .

PREC E D E N C Y A M O N G W O M EN .

T h e Q u een . D a u gh t ers o f D u kes .

Princ e ss o f W a les . C o u n tesses .
Princ esse s , da u gh ters o f t he W iv es o f e ldest so ns o f M a r
S o vereign . qu is e s .

Prin c esses a nd D u c h es ses . D a u gh ters o f M a rq u ises .

w ives o f t h e S o v ereign s
’
t es of y o u n g r so n s o f
e

so n s . D u kes .
G ra n dda u gh ters o f t h e S o v e V isc o u ntes se s .
re ign . W iv es o f eldest so ns o f Ea rls.
t of the D a u gh t ers o f Ea rls.
’

es S o vere ign s
g ra n d s o ns . W iv es o f y o u ngerso ns o f M a r
T h e S o v ere ign s s is t ers.
'
qu ise s .
W ives o f t he S o vereign s '

B a ro nesses.
b ro th e rs .
’
W ives o f elde s t so ns o f V is
T h e S o v e reign s a u n t s. c o u nts .
W iv es o f t h e S o v ereign s '

D a u gh t ers o i V isc o u nt s .
u n c le s . W iv e s o f y o u n ger so n s o f
W iv e s o f eldes t so ns o f D u k e s Ea rls .
o f t h e Blo o d Ro y a l. W iv es o f eldest so ns o f B aro ns.
D a u gh te rs o f D u k es o f th e D a u gh t ers o f B a ro ns .
B lo o d Ro y a l. M a ids o f H o n o u r .

D u c h e s se s . W ives o f y o u nge r so ns o f V is
M a rc h io ness es. c o u nt s .
t e s o f t h e eldes t so ns of W iv es of y o u nge r s o ns of
D u k es Baro ns.
5 2 G OOD S OCI E T Y.

W iv es of B a ro net s. W iv es o f eldes t so ns o f K night s

W iv e s of K
n igh t s of th e Ba c h e lo rs .
G a rter . D a u gh t e rs o f K
nigh t s Ba c h e
W ives o f n igh t s o f G ra nd
K lo rs .

C ro sses . O rde r o f t h e B a t h . W iv es o f y o u nger s o ns o f

W iv es o f K
n igh t s G ra nd y o u nge r s o n s o f Peers .

C ro s ses o f S t M ic h a el a nd
. W iv es o f y o u nger s o ns o f
S t G e o rge
. . B a ro net s .

K
W iv es o f n igh t s B a c h elo rs . W ives o f E s u ires o f th e S o ve
q
W iv es o f C o m pa nio ns o f t h e
’
re ign s B o dy .
Ba t h . W iv es o f E s u ire s t o the
q
W ive s o f C o m pa n io ns o f S t . K nigh t s o f t h e B a t h .
M ic h a el a nd S t G e o rge . . W ives o f G ent lem en ent it led
W ives o f th e eldes t so ns o f t h e t o b ea r a rm s .

y o u nger s o ns of Pe ers . D a u gh ters o f Es u ires e n q

W iv e s of e lde st s o ns of t it led t o bea r a rm s w ho a re
B a ro net s . G e nt lew o m e n b y b irt h .

D a u gh t e rs o f B a ro ne t s . D a u gh t ers o f G e nt le m e n e u
W iv es o f th e elde s t so ns o f t it le d t o bea r a rm s w h o a re
K n igh t s o f t h e G a rt e r . G e nt le w o m e n by b irth .

D a u gh t ers o f K
n igh t s o f t h e W ives o f C lergy m en . Ba r
G a rte r. ris te rs a t la w
- -
.

W iv es o f e lde s t so ns o f nigh ts K W iv es o f Offic ers in t he N a vy

o f t h e B a th . a nd A rm y .

D a u gh t ers o f K
n igh t s o f t h e W iv e s o f C it iz e ns .

Ba t h . W ives o f B u rgesses .
 CH A PTER IV .

LETTER -
WR I TI NG

Letter w rit ing in G enera l— H o w t o W rite a Let ter

-
Pens ,
I nk , a nd Pa per, S ea ling w a x a nd W a fe r — D iffe ren t
-

o f v i a n —
F rm s o I n t tio M o des o f a ddressing Perso ns o f
Ra nk
T o w rite a ptly is o f pra c t ic e ;
t o w rtt e is t o s pea k b e y o nd h ea ring ,
"
A n d n o n e s t a n d by t o ex p la in .

I T is a id that ora tors wr ite a ffectedly m inisters

s ,

o bsc u rely poets floridly learn ed m en peda n t ica lly

, , ,

a nd sold iers tolerably w he n they c a n spell No .

tale n t am ong m en hath m ore scholars a nd fe wer

”
m asters The pal m o f good l etter writ ing has
.
-

bee n u niversally a warded to t h e fa ir sex b u t n o w ,

a days
-
whe n so m u ch co rrespo n de n ce goes o n
,

daily few letters are in d ited wh ich are really

,

worthy o f co m m e n dat io n The l ives w e lead a re

.

so cro wded w ith eve n ts t hat we have n o t the t im e

to record the m except in the m ost co nc ise for m
poss ible ; co n tinu al cha nge h u rry a nd b u stle p re
, ,

ve n t u s devot ing m u ch t im e to o u r p ens eve n ,

altho u gh w e have every ince nt ive to write O ur .

m ore ind u str io u s a n d persever ing a n cestors wrote

u nder d iffi c u lties w ith the ir parch m e n t or paper
,

placed o n the ir k nees ; wh ile we posse s s des k s o f

th e m ost appr o ved sh a pes a nd s izes a n d have ,
54 G O OD S OC I E T Y .

everyth ing m ade easy fo r o u r u se They had to .

u ndergo m u ch tro u ble in fold ing the large sh ee ts o f

paper then u sed in a very prec ise m a nner so that
, ,

o n e e n d co u ld be n eatly in se rted in s ide the ot her ,

a nd the n the seal had to be affixed we have n o w o u r

e n velopes into w h ich to thru st o u rm iss ives sec u rely ,

sealed withou t the help o f seal ing wa x or wafer ; -

o u r perforated sta m ps so q u ickly tor n as u n der ;

,

a nd p ost cards — wh ich dev ice by the w ay sho u ld

, ,

be m ade u se o f fo r transacting b u s iness m atters

—
solely a nd n o t fo r private a ffa irs a nd also letter
,

cards . A fe w h in ts o n letter wr it ing in ge n eral

-

w il l no t be o u t o f place be fore speak in g o f the

variou s styles proper o n d iffere nt occas io ns .

I n order to m ake o u r letters pleasa n t to o u r

frie nds we sho u ld wr ite as we speak j u st w hat we
, ,

have to say a nd exactly in the words w e sho u ld

,

say if o ur correspo nden t w ere s itt ing by u s ; a nd ~

the n all that st iff form al ity those lo ng str ings o f

,

q u est io n s those m eaningless se nte nces with wh ich

,

the m ass o f letters are b u rden e d wou ld die a natu ral

,
“
death . I des ire m y acqu ain tances whe n they
“
w rite to m e says A dd iso n rather to sa y so m e
, ,

th ing wh ich w ou ld m ake m e wish m ysel f w ith

the m than m ake m e co m pl im e n ts that they w ished
,

the m selves w ith m e The G erm ans give strict in

j u nct ion s that y o u sho u ld n o t m e n t io n yo u rsel f
be fore y o u have introd u ced the person o f you r cor
respo nde n t ; that is y o u m u st no t u se the m o n o
,
“ ”
syllable 1 be fore the pro n ou n y o u — a c om

m a nd w h ich it w o u ld be w ell to iss u e in th is

co u ntry a nd so pu t a stop to that w eariso m e fo r

,
”
m u la o f co m m e nce m e nt I hope yo u are qu ite w el l
,
.

The han d writ ing sho uld be clear a nd yet no t too ,

large a nd bold it s h o u ld possess so m e c h aracter

 L E T TE R IVE / TI N G .
55

a nd style bu t no t be adorn ed or ornam ented w it h

,

fi ne flo u rishes a n d dashes The m inu te Ital ian

.

i —
ha d rit ng in wh ich the w ords a nd letters a p
n w

p e a re d to possess n o ind iv id u al ity o f the ir o w n

has n o w passed o u t o f date a nd a freer n obler , ,

style has take n its place There is a fash io n in

.

letter paper a nd e nvelopes wh ich is ever vary ing as

-

to s ze
i a n d h —
s ape som et im es s m all at other t im es ,

large ; no w oblo ng no w squ are ; bu t o n e th ing n ever

,

alters a nd that is the des irab il ity o f u s ing good

,

th ick paper an d e nvelopes w hatever the shape m a y

,

be Noth ing looks m ore m ea n a nd u n tidy than

.

th in sheets an d e nvelopes o f the sam e qu al ity ,

thro u gh wh ich the writing exh ib its itsel f .

S o m e years ago the letter paper a n d e nvelopes -

u sed fo r n otes o f in v itat io n w ere o f the da int ie st

an d t iniest s ize ; the edges w ere l ined with gold

or s ilver a n d the m ost fairy l ike im press io n in
,
-

wh ite wa x faste n ed the m iss ive N o w w e have .

go ne som e what to the other extre m e a n d u se ,

paper and e nvelopes o f m u ch larger s ize W e a re .

pla in er too A ll show a nd s m art n ess is fo rb idde n

. .

No bl u e or red edged paper ; no fanc ifu lly colou red

-

ink ; no gau d ily ill u m in at ed dev ice o f c rest or

arm orial bearings is adm iss ible The letter paper .
-

wh ich is co n s idered to sho w the m ost correct taste

is o f m ed iu m th ick ness is finely r ib b ed sl ightly
, ,

glaze d a nd del icately tinted

, E nvelopes shou ld
.

m atc h the letter paper in all respects

-
A fash io n .

preva len t with rega rd to e nvelopes is to have the

address sta m ped across the flap ; bu t th is to o u r ,

m in d is m ost object io n ab le a n d s im ply calc u lated

, ,

to sat is fy the incu rable cu riosity o f servan ts as

regards the correspo nde nce o f the ir em ployers .

Th e address is w ritte n or pr inted o n o n e s id e

56 GOOD S OCI E T Y .

at the top o f the first page ; the m o nogram or ,

crest w he n u sed oppos ite

, , I f o n m o u rning
.

p a per th e se a re in bla ck otherw ise they sho u ld

,

be p rin ted in wh ite or o ne c olo u r o n fy Letters

, .

sho u ld no t be co m m e nced very h igh or very lo w o n

the pag e bu t shou ld be n earer the top than the
,

botto m I t is al ways m ore des irable to take a

.

seco nd sheet than to cross the wr it ing a h a b it ,

w h ich r e nders the re a d ing o f the letter a task a nd ,

o n e t o w h ich m en part ic u larly object .

The s ize o f pap er u sed sho u ld be a ccord ing to

the style o f n ote writte n Printed cards fo r for m al
.

invitatio n s are n o w al m ost invariably u sed ; but

sho u ld these k inds o f invitat io ns be writte n a s m all ,
— “
s ize that called the A l b ert — is u s ed .

C ards squ are in shape a nd wh ite or t inted in

, ,

colou r w ith the address s ta m ped o n the m are u sed

, ,

fo r l ittle notes a n d in for m al inv itat io n s : also fo r ,

these sam e p u rposes s m all sheets o f paper stam ped

,

w ith address a n d m o nogra m wit h e n velopes

—
,

attached o ne p iece or f m in —
g the t wo have been
brou ght into u se .

Whe n seal ing wa x is req u ired e ither red or black

-

m u st be u sed b u t w e do u bt if a n y o n e co u ld be fo u nd

abl e to se a l a letter ne a tly except a lady or gen tl em an

o f the old en school so l ittle occasio n the re is fo rthe
art to be pract ised Wafers a re n ever allo wable
. .

A ll letters to stra ngers a n d n otes o f fo rm al

character sho u ld as a ru le be w ritte n in the th ird
perso n a nd m u st al ways be a ns wered in the sa m e
,

w a y ; a nd w e tr u st fo r the sake o f the wr iter s re

’
,

p u tatio n that they w ill be b etter w orded a nd less

,

confu sed than the o n e s ubjoined wh ich w a s an ,

ans wer se n t to u s by a see m ingly well ed u cated -

wo m a n the s ister o f a s u rgeo n

,
We pu t it as ide as a
.
 L E TTE R WR I TI NG .
57

cu r ios ity a nd no w copy it verbat im

, bu t hope that
o u r readers will n o t do the sa m e

M is s B h e r o w n a n d h e r s is te rs a n d b ro t h er s
' ’
res e n t s
p
jo in t c o m plim e nt s a n d be gs lea v e t o sa y t h a t s h e a n d t h ey w ill
,

be h a ppy t o a c c e pt t h e v ic a r s a n d M rs
' '

s kin d in v it a t io n
.

o n F r t da y e v e n in g. o n t h e c o n dit io n — wh ic h o nly a p lie s t h o u gh

t o h e r b ro t h er—t h a t h is p rese nc e be ex c u s ed u nt i so m ew ha t
la t e r in t h e e v e ning .

Inth is insta n ce t wo separate n otes sho u ld have

bee n ret u rn ed in n w i i
a s er to the inv tat o n — wh ich ,

be ing o f a fo rm a l cha racter had do u btless bee n ,

co nveyed in that form —o ne fo r the s isters a nd o n e

fo r the brother ; or if other wise t he reply m ight ,

have bee n co uched th u s

T h e M iss es a nd M r B . h a v e m u c h plea su re in a c c e pt
ing M r a n d M rs C — '
s k in d in v it a t io n fo r Frida y e v e n in
. .
g .

Mr B . re gret s t h a t a n e nga ge m ent w ill p re v en t him fro m

c o m in g u n t il la t er in t h e e v ening.

In certain cases ho wever s u ch as asking the

, ,

character o f a servant whe re it is n ecessary to ask

,

nu m ero u s q u est io ns a nd m ak e va rio u s re m a rks it is ,

better to w rite in the fi rst perso n even to a stra nger ,

as the co nsta n t repet it io n o f the na m es in a letter

o f a ny le ngth becom es awk ward I n that case .

”
the co m m e nce m e n t w o u ld be S ir o r Madam ,

a n d the co n cl u s io n Yo u rs tru ly To ord ina ry .

“
acq u ainta nces Yo u rs s ince rely is the co rrect
term inat io n a nd w hateve r the d egree o f frie ndsh ip ,

we a re incl in ed to t h ink that grea t d em o n st rat io n s

o f a ffectio n a nd te rm s o f e ndearm e n t are better
avo ided or le ft o nly fo r the u se o f lovers To
, .

p rese n t com pl im ents is old fash ioned and so is -

,
“ ”
to avail you rsel f .

A 11 inv itat io n to d inner is iss u ed in the na m e o f

58 G OOD S OC I E T Y .

the ge ntle m an a nd lady . The follo wing is the form

fo r prin ted cards

Mr . a nd M rs T H O M PS O N
.

R eq uest th e plea s u re o f

Mr M rs F1 EL D
’
. a nd . s

c om a
p yn a t D inn er o n S a tu rda y ,
M ay , k
’
t h e 9th o f at h a lf pas t 7
-
o c lo c .

Mr . and M rs . F I E LD a c c ep t w ith plea su re Mr . a nd M rs .

k ind inv ita tio n to dinn er o n the 9 th

’
T H O M PS O N S of M ay .

S u n ny H ow , April 2 7 01 .

A n invitat io n to a b a ll eve n ing pa rty or

, , an
a
At
”
Ho m e, in the na m e o f the lady o nly

M rs S I M PS ON ,
.

A t Ho m e,

T hu rsda y , M a rc h 1 2 th

M u s ic 9
’
o c loc k . R .s . v . P.

M rs . LY O N q
re u es ts th e p le asu re of

Mr M rs H a RL Ev
’
. a nd . s

n on th e ev en ing of
c om p y
a

J a nu a ry t he fo u rteenth .
k
’
D a nc ing 1 0 o c lo c .

Th e B eeelres .
 ‘
L E T T E E I VR I '

TI A G . 59

Mr . a nd M rs H A RL EY h a v e
. h plea su re in a c c epting
m uc

M rs LY O N S ’
k ind inv ita tio n fo r th e even ng o f th e 1 4th o f
'

J a nua r
y .

B elle Vu e, j a nu a t
y 6t lz .

The follow ing is a form o f invitation se nt by the

pare nts o f a Bride elect to those friends who are -

n o t as ked to b e gu e s ts at the ho u se :

Mr . a nd M rs H A YT E R .

q
re u es t th e h o no u r o f
Mr M rs M A S O N
’
. a nd . S

c om a
p yn M a rriage
a t th e
o f th e ir da u gh te r M ildred,

A t S t. Peter s C h u rc h , Ea to n S qu a re ,
’

on Thu rsday , A pril 1 5th ,

’

a t 2 o c lo c k .

The following a re t wo fo rm s of invit a t io n fo r a

garde n party
a nd M rs A d o n . .

M rs E D E N, .

A t Hom e

T h e T hu rsda y s in M a y ,
fro m 4 to 7 o c l o c k
’
.

La w n T ennis .

Mr . a nd M rs C O U RT EN A Y
.

q
re u es t th e p lea s u re of

Mr M iss G REY S
’
. a nd

c om p y
a n a t a G a rde n Pa rty
on F rid y a , th e fi st J u n e, a t 4o
’
c lo c k.
D a nc ing a fter 8
A sl mzeadm o . R.S . V . P
60 G OOD S O CI E T Y .

R S V P a re the in it ials o f the w ords Ré

. . . .

”
po ndez s il vo u s plait
,
’
I n these inv itat io n s fo r .

o u t o f door parties it is al ways w ell to spec ify the

- -

a m u se m e nts that lad ies m ay be dressed a cco rd

,

ingly For insta nce archery a nd lawn te nn is re

.
,

q u ire d iffere nt costu m es ; a nd u nless da nc ing is

n a m ed the g u ests expect to leave early .

The for m al ack n owledgm e nt o f inq u iries a fter ,

a n ill ness etc is , .

,

M rs . H O L M ES

Retu rns th a nk s fo r

M rs H t L L .
’
s

k ind inqu iries .

In addressing a clergy m an it is u s u al to put

”
”
Rev or Dear S ir
. It is no longer c u sto m a ry .

to wr ite B A or M A a fter h is na m e When

”
. . . . .

the Christian na m e hap pen s to be u nkno wn write ,

the Rev“ Wh ite no t the Rev Mr Wh ite

.
“
, . . .
”

Doctors o f d iv in ity a nd o f m ed ic ine are th u s

d istingu ished — “
To the Rev R Mart in D D ”
. .
, . .

“
or The Rev Dr M artin To F G Hop kins
. . . .
,
”
Esq .
, or D r Hopk ins ; bu t in each c ase .

the for m er is co ns idered the m ore correct .

I n writ ing to se rva n ts it is c u sto m ary to begin

th u s —
To Mary Far rar M rs Taylor inte nds re .

t u rn ing etc ; an d to tradespeople

, . Mrs Ma it .

land will b e obl iged by Mr S cott se nd ing her 6 1h . .

tea etc
, .

A ppe nded a re the form s fo r address ing erso ns

p
o f d iffere nt ra nks a nd the proper s u pe rscr ipt io n s
,
 L E T TE R I VE I TI N C . 61

T he Q u ee n —M a da m —T o th e Q u ee n s M o s t Ex c ellent M aj es ty
'

M em bers o f th e Ro y a l Fa m ily — S ir— M a da m — T O H is o r H er

Ro y a l H igh ne ss .
— —
A rc h b is h o p s M y L o rd A rc bis o p H is G ra c e t h e A rc hbish o p
h h
of
D u k e — M y L o rd D u k e —H is G ra c e t h e D u ke o f
M a r u is — M y L o rd M a r u is —T h e M o s t H o n . t h e M a r
q q q u is
of
E a rl—M y L o rd— Th e Righ t H o n . t h e E a rl o f
V isc o u n t M y L o rd—T h e Righ t H o n . t h e
-
isc o u n t V
Ba ro n— M y L o rd—T h e Righ t H o n t h e L o rd F
—
B ish o ps M y L o rd B is h o p Th e Rtgh t Re v . th e Bish o p o f
-

Ho n orary titles o f M P . .
,

etc m ay be added to the na m e A ll m e m b ers o f

.
, .

the P rivy Cou nc il are add ressed as R ight

” “
a n d the t itle o f Esq is dropped as The R ight .
,

H o n W E G ladsto n e M P
”
. . . . .
,

Peeresses o f all the five orders are addressed a s

Du c he s s —M y L a dy H er G ra c e t h e D u c h es s o f
M a rc h io ness —M y L a dy —Th e M o s t H o n . t h e M a rc h io ness
of
C o u n tes s M -

y L a dy
— Th e R igh t H o n t h e C o u n t es s o f .

V is c o u nt es s — M y L a dy — T h e Right H o n . t h e is c o u n tess o f V
Ba ro n es s—M y L a dy — T h e Righ t H o n. t h e L a dy F

Widow s of peers ,
if the su cce ssors to the title a re
m arried

Her G ra c e th e D u c h es s D o w a ger o f
Th e M o s t N o ble th e M a rc h io ness D o wa ger o f

The you n ger son s a nd dau ghters o f d ukes a nd

m arqu ises a n d the da ughte rs o f d u k e s m a rq u ises
, , ,

an d e a rls a re styled lords a nd lad ie s

, .

You nger so ns o f ea rls an d you nger s o n s a n d

dau ghters o f visco u nts a n d barons are s tyled in ,
“
wr it ing The H o n
,
Baro net s in orde r to dis
.
,

tingu ish the m fro m k night s are ad dress ed th u s ,

“
Sir H G rey , Bart
. .
 C H A PTER V .

VI S I T I NG .

The U se o f C a l ling
” — Oc c asio ns
w h en C a lls sh o u ld be
p a id — T h e C a rd Ca se a nd it s C t
on e n ts — C e re m o n ies o f
—
C a lls Ca k e a nd W in e — Vis it s— L e ng t h o f V is its ‘ C fi -

du c t w h en S ta y ing i n a ri e n d
’
s FH o u se— G ra tu ities to
S erva n ts .

W ell dressed
'
-

, well bred, well c a rria g d ,

- -

ls t ic k et go o d en o u gh t o pa s s u s rea dily
T h ro u gh ev ery do o r.

T H E cere m o ny o f pay ing calls h as b ee n rid icu le d

a nd der ided d u ring the cou rse o f m a ny , m a ny yea rs
as m eaningless , u seless , a nd st u pid bu t it is st il l in
existe nce, an d is as m u ch pract ised as ever V is its .

o f for m , o f w h ic h m ost people co m pla in, a nd y et

to wh ich m ost people su b m it, are absol u tely nec es
—
sary be ing , in fact, the bas is o n w h ich that great
str u ctu re, soc iety, m ainly rests Y o u ca nnot in v ite
.

people to you r hou se, ho wever o fte n yo u m a y have

m e t the m else where , u n t il y o u have first called u po n

them in a for m al m a nner, a nd they have ret u rn ed

the v is it . It is a k ind o f s a fegu ard again st a ny
acqu a in tances wh ich a re thought to be u ndes irab le .

I f yo u do no t wish to co n t inu e the frie ndsh ip, y o u

d iscont in u e t o ca ll , and that is con s idered as
a n int im a tio n o f s u ch in te n t io n s , a n d th ere fore

no fu rth er advance s are m ade b y the m B ut .

 VI S I TI N G . 63

it wou ld be cons idered very baa m ann ers a nd ,

ve ry u n cou rteou s behaviou r no t to return a ca ll

,

in t h e first in stance M en do no t as a rule

.
, ,

pay these v is its o f cere m o ny ; and it wou ld

appear that they have al ways sh irked the ir d u t ies
in th is respect as m u ch as poss ible j u dging fro m ,

a n all u s io n m ade to th is fa il ing b y a wr iter o f

the last ce ntu ry wh o says : It has grown to be
,

the fa sh ion am ong m en to treat the b u s iness o f

vis iting with grea t disrespect They look u po n it.

as a m ere fem ale recreat ion a nd be neath the ,

d ignity o f the ir su perior natu res Yet no twith .

,

sta n ding their con tem pt a nd the od iou s nam e o f

,

gadd ing which they hav e give n it I do no t find ,

t hat they fail in the ir appeara n ce at a ny o f o u r

a sse m b l ies , or that they are b etter abl e to S h u t
the m selves u p in the ir o wn ho u ses when there is
a n yth ing to b e s een or do n e a b ro a

There is som eth ing to be said in defe nce o f the

m en their d ays are occ u p ied w ith other a nd m ore
seriou s bu siness ; the ir eve n ings c an b e give n to
the ir frie nds and so they th u s esca pe th e m o notony
,

o f call ing a n d yet are allo wed to e nj oy the vario u s

,

—
fest ive gatherings provided o f cou rse that the ir
, ,

cards have dttly represe nted the ir o wners at th e

hou se s o f the ir a cqu aintances .

There are a great m a ny o ccas io ns whe n calls

shou ld be paid There are calls co ngrat u latory
.
,

c a lls o f co n dole nce a nd calls o f co u rtes

, y A b ride .

is ca lled u po n shortly a fter e n te ring her new ho m e .

Her parents rece ive the congratu la tio ns im m e

diately the engage m e nt is ann o u nced a nd a fter the ,

m arriage has take n place A m other also o n th e

.

—
birth o f a ch ild indee d it is u s u al whe n a ny ca u se
, ,

fo r co ngrat u latio n arises that frie nds shou l d at once

,
64 G OOD S OC I E T Y .

o ffer the ir good wishes in perso n On the o th er .

hand sho u ld sorrow or a ny do m est ic ca lam ity b e fa ll

,

a ny o f o u r acq u a in ta nces co ndole nces a nd sy m

,

ff —
pathy shou d be o ered no t im m ed iatel y as in
l ,

the other cases but s u fficie n t t im e sho ul d be

allowed to the fa m ily be fore we ve nt u re to as k to
see the m . T here sho u ld b e n o hasty in tru s ion
u po n t h e ir tro u ble a nd grie f To ens u re t h is re
.

“
spect it has beco m e the c u stom to ret u r n tha n k s
,
”
fo r k in d in q u iries ,
a nd a fter these h a ve b ee n
rece iv ed the n t he call m ay be paid
,
.

Lastly there are calls gen eral Th ese a re m ad e in

,
.

the cou ntry u po n people w he n th ey first com e in to

the neighbo u rhood ; a n d n a to w i n — where ev e ry
o ne eyes aska nce a st ra nger — a fter a n introd u ct io n
h as bee n m ade o n the first occas io n thro u gh so m e
co m m o n frie nd these form al vis its sho u ld al w ays b e
retu r ned with in th ree or fou r days A fter rece iv in g .

a ny partic ul ar hosp ital ity s u c h as a d in n er or ba ll

, ,

it is n ecessa ry to call or m erely to leav e card s a t

the door with in the few follo wing days T he ho u rs .

fo r call ing are b etwee n th ree a n d six o clock p m

’
.

No call shou ld be paid be fore l u ncheo n u nless o n ,

a very fa m il iar fr ie nd .

C ards m u st be le ft o n all occasion s o f a form al

character A lad y leaves her o w n a nd tw o o f h er
.

—
h u sb a n d s o ne is intende d fo r the ge ntle m an o f
’

the ho use a nd o ne fo r the lady I f a call is m ade .

u po n a g u est stay ing at the ho u se a card is al s o ,

le ft fo r her A lady whe n leaving cards fo r h er h u s

.

band m u st place t he m u pon the hall ta ble a nd no t ,

leave the m in the drawin g roo m o n her departu re

-

a s was the c u sto m S ho u ld the lady u po n who m

.

y o u call n o t be at ho m e y o u
,
t u r n do wn o n e cor n e r
o f the cards wh ich signifies that yo u have c a lled
,
 VI S I T I N G . 65

p er s o nally .Cards w ith in q u iries sho u ld be le ft at

the door ; the post is a per m iss ible c hannel fo r
the trans m iss ion o f these w here t h e d ista nce is
inco n ve nien tly great .Whe n y o u arr ive in to wn
y o u call a n d leave yo u r ca rd as a n in t im at io n that

y o u a re in the n e igh b o u rhood th u s act ing , the

reverse o f what is co n s idered prope r whe n in the
co u n try w h ere the ru le is that the stra nger wa its
,

u n t il c a lled u po n . I n to wns a nd m ore part ien

,

la rly that vast Babylo n Lo n do n people ca nn ot be

, ,

a w are o f the m ove m e n ts and arrivals o f t he ir

frie nds as is the c a se in the co u n try ; so that
,

u n less a n in t im at io n o f th is k ind reached the m ,

the t o wn fr ie nd wou ld be q u ite ignorant o f the

’

pro xim ity o f his cou ntry frie nd .

The card s o f o u r gra nd fathers a nd grand m o th ers

wore a very im porta nt look — they w ere o f large
s iz e very stiff very h ighly gla zed a nd had the
, , ,

n a m e s writ ten in a series o f flo u rishes O u rs .

are m u c h less oste n tat iou s pla in cards the ge ntle

, ,

m an s s m aller than the lady s w ith na m e a nd

’ ’
,

address printed in a n o rd inary s tyle Married .

people o fte n have the ir na m es together o n o ne

Ca rd as
,

Mr
. a nd M rs JOH NS ON
. .

U nm arried da u ghte rs have the ir a

n m es p la ce d
u nder t hat o f the ir m other

M rs B EN S O N
. .

M is s B EN SO N.
66 G OO D S OCI E T Y .

Merely honorary or o ffi c ial des ignatio ns are

om itted except o n cards u sed fo r v is its o f a pu rely
,

o ffic ial character .

The in it ials P D A (Fo u r dire a dieu ) or P P C

. . . . . .

( P o u r p rendre eonge are wr itte n o n the r ight ha n d

)
’
-

corner o f the card w he n a cal l is m ade fo r the pu r

p ose o f leave tak in g s u ch as-
that p a id be,
fore a
lo ng abse nce from the n e ighbo u rhood .

Wedd ing cards wh ich form erly u sed to prese n t

,

a very s m art a nd elaborate appeara n ce — th in satin

cards w ith broa d S ilver edges t ied together w ith
, ,

s ilver thread a nd e nclosed in a n e nvelope to m atch

, ,

i
a n d faste ned do w n by a s lver wa fer — are n ever
se nt nowadays .

It has bee n re m arked that notwithstand ing th e

cop iou s n ess o f the E ngl ish la it gua ge there is o nly
,

,
O

o n e wo rd fo r the d iffere nt t im es w h ich are occu p ie d

by a v is it People c a n find no term to express
.

the ir des ig n o f stay in g fiftee n days at a ho u s e dif

feren t fro m that wh ich s ignifies fiftee n m inu tes T h e .

w ou ld be re form er goes o n to sa
-

y W he n a fi ne
lady having a n ew fash ion ed s u i t o f clothes fi nds
,
-

it n ecessary to call u po n forty or fi fty o f h er frie nds

in o ne day I a m fo r a n abridgm e n t o f the w ord
, ,

a nd w o u ld cal l it a v is W he n a gen tle m a n o r .

lady inte nds tak ing a fam ily d inner with co untry
frie n ds o r a d ish o f tea with a to wn o ne I w o u l d
, ,

have that called a v isit B u t w he n a perso n pu r .

po ses spe nd ing som e day s w eeks or m onths at a , ,

”
ho u se I w ou ld call that a v isita tion
, I n stead o f .

abr idg ing the w ord w h ic h is al ways a n u nwise ,

t h ing to do we have fo u nd a nother w ord altogether

,

fo r the short stay o f a fe w m inu tes in an othe r per

”
so n s hou se a n d n o w we S peak o f a call a nd a
’
, ,
”
v is it m ea ns S pe nd ing at least a n i ht fro m h o m e
g .
 VI S I TI N G . 67

No call o f a pu rely fo rm al natu re Sho u ld be o f

lo ng d u rat io n ce rta in ly no t m ore tha n a q u arter o f
-

a n ho u r I f yo u find callers al ready the re do no t

.
,

o u tst a y the m bu t leave the ho u se eve n soo ner than

,

y o u other w ise w o u ld have do n e The lady w h e n .

rece iv ing her frie nds s h o u ld introd u ce the m to

each other Sh e rises t o rece ive each v is itor as
.

they e n ter the roo m a n d if poss ible offers a cha ir , , ,

n e a r to her o wn to the last co m er I f there a re .

ge ntle m en in the roo m they also rise w he n other ,

p e ople e n ter ; b u t the lad ies s h o u ld there be , ,

a n y p rese n t do n o t leave the ir seats

, O f co u rse .

very m u ch dep ends u pon the degree o f in t im acy

w h ic h ex ists if th is be ve ry great it wil l nat u rally ,

m od ify m u ch o f the for m al ity absol u tely n ecessary

in other cas es There is a p ict u re dra wn in the

.
,

fi ftee nth ce n t u ry o f a ro o m fu ll o f ca lle rs wh ich

, ,

l o o ks very for m al a n d stiff A be nch is ro u n d the .

ro o m , close to the wall a nd o n it are seated all the ,

l a d ies prese n t with the ir hands folded o n their

,

k n ees w h ile the ge n tle m e n are sea ted o n stools a n d

, ,

w e a r the ir h ats It req u ires c on s iderable a rt a nd

.
,

I m ight al m ost say prese nce o f m ind to e nterta in ,

alon e a great m an y cal lers at o ne tim e The lady .

w h o rece ives the m sho uld try a n d co nverse with

all n o o ne in pa rt ic u lar sho u ld e ngross her atte n
t ion Th is is n o easy m atter to perfo rm wel l a nd
.

grace fu lly When callers r ise to ta ke their leave

.
,

t h e lady o f the ho u se rings the h ell that the se rva n t

m a y be at ha n d to ope n the hall door I f the .

g e n tle m a n o f the ho u se be prese n t he esco r ts the ,

lady to the hall door a n d p u ts her into her carriage .

“ ”
G ood by e -
is the for m O f leave tak ing a nd no t -

G ood m orning
-
A ge n tle m a n sho u ld b ring h is
.

h a t a nd st ick into th e ro o m , a nd kee p the m in h is

E 2
68 G OO D S O CI E T Y .

ha nds u nless a nyt hing req u ires him to set h is ha nds

,

at l iberty : he the n places the m o n the fl oor A .

m a rr ied lady o f o u r acqu a in ta n ce ig nora n t o f th is ,

l ittle p iece o f et iq u ette wa s q u ite offe nded w ith a

,

ge n tle m a n w h o calle d u po n her fo r tak ing h is hat

a n d st ic k into lzer d ra w in g roo m Why did he
-
.

” “
n o t leave the m in the h a ll ? said she the re was
”
a hat sta nd fo r h is acco m m odat io n
-
.

Many lad ies adopt the pla n o f al ways be in g at

hom e o n stated a fternoon s w h ich are w ritte n o n their
,
“ “ ”
v is iting cards th u s A t hom e o n T hu rsdays ; A t
-

, ,

ho m e the first a nd th ird Mo nday in the m o nth .

I n co u n t ry places where people l ived m iles apart

, ,

it wa s the t im e ho no u red c u sto m to o ffer w in e a nd

-

cake to every ca ller A t o ne tim e eve n d ista nce was

.

n o t co ns idered hosp ital ity wa s d ispe nsed to every

co m er w hether th ey were n ext door n e ighbou rs or
,
-

no t . Here is a n a m using instan ce o f th e strict

n ess w ith w h ic h th is ru le is st ill observed in so m e
parts .

A very sple nd id m a n s io n was lately erect ed

qu ite close to the ho u se o f m y friends there fore ,

t hey thou gh t it wo u ld b e bu t a n e ighbou rly cou r

tesy to call u po n the new co m ers They accord .

ingly o ne day crosse d the road asce nded a fl ight ,

o f steps w h ic h led to a m ass ive portal a nd having , ,

wa ited so m e t im e fo r ad m iss io n w ere at last invited ,

to walk in by so m e o ne wh o did no t m atch the rest

o f the ho u se in appea ra nce A c ross a n oble hall
.
,

over a m arble floor a nd into a m agn ifice nt dra wing

,

roo m they were u shered a n d there left fo r so m e

,

t im e to ad m ire the sple ndou r aro u n d them wh ile

the good wom a n o f the ho u se it wa s p res u m ed , ,

p u t o n her best b ib a n d t u cker B y a n d bye the m. is - -

tress ap peared re p endeni n s lks a d l ace an

,
s l i
‘

n t
—
 VI S I TI N G . 69

im pos ing spectacle u nt il the to ngu e gave u tte ra nce ,

a n d the n w hat a co n trast b e t wee n the refi n e m e n t o f

a ll the s u rrou nd in g obj ects a nd the re fin e m en t o f

h er speech The lady began a t once to co m m u ni

c ate her do m e s t ic tro u bl es : at p rese n t they w e re

w itho u t serv a n ts ; bu t Mr ha d go ne in to Wales

.
,

a n d he w o u ld leet o n a good o ne th ere n o ,

dou bt I n the m idst o f these c o n fidenc es the door

.

slo w ly ope n ed a nd the n a t ray appeared o n w h ich

, ,

rested cake a nd w ine The han d a nd a rm wh ich su p

.

ported it we re a lo ne v is ible The lady a rose a nd .

, ,

ta k ing it from the m y steriou s hand c arried it to th e ,

ta b le and com m e nced d ispe n s in g h er hosp ital ity

, .

It is co ns idered bad m a nne rs fo r the lady o f the

hou se to keep her callers in d u ra n ce v ile — that
is to say fo r her n o t to go at o nce in to the ro o m
,

wh ere they have bee n u shered S o m et im es o ne .

calls at a hou se a nd hav in g been show n into a

, ,

room has had to w ait pat ie n tly or O t he rwise fo r the

,

tardy appearance o f th e m istress Wh ispe rings are .

plainly he ard then co nsu ltat io ns th en s teps go ing

, ,

stealth ily u p sta irs a nd as qu ietly desc en dtng a n d ,

fi nally the lady o f the h o u se appears in a d iffere nt

cost u m e fro m that she had w orn a qu arter o f a n hou r
be fore Pro fu se apo log ies in v ariably fall from her
.

lips — “
I a m so sorry to h ave kept y o u wait ing
”
,

&c . B u t m y de a r lady apologies ho w ever nu m er

, , ,

o u s w ill n ever m a ke up fo r w a n t o f good m a nn ers

,

a n d there fore whe n the n ext ca ller ho no u rs y o u go ,

to her as yo u are a nd repress the des ire to exh ibit

,

yo u r last new d ress .

O n the other ha nd th e v is itors w ill it is to be

, ,

ho ped re frain fro m bringing e ither dogs or ch ild

,

ren . The form er are apt to do a great deal o f

m isch ie f in overt u r n ing th ings a n d req u ire th e ,
7 o G OOD S O CI E T Y .

const ant atte nt ion o f t he ir o w ne r w h ich in terru pts ,

co nversat io n a nd the l atte r bes ides ofte n hea rin g ,

m u ch that they sh o u ld n o t are apt to m ake ,

awkw ard re m arks a nd are o ft e n as m isc hievo u s

,

a m o n gst ch in a a nd n ick na c ks as the ca n ine pet

-
.

Wh e n y o u ca ll w ith a letter o f introdu ctio n

wh ich by the w ay w he n g ive n in the fi rs t in sta n ce
, , .

t a —
shou ld no be se led it is u s u al to leave you r card
a nd the letter a nd n o t go in as sho u ld y o u do so
, , , ,

y o u place the lady o f t h e ho u se in a d ile m m a .

You r nam e does no t e nl ighten her as to who y o u

m a y be a nd S h e can not very w ell read the letter in
,

you r prese nce as in t hat cas e she cou ld no t e n ter

,

tain y o u The gentlem a n or lady to whom t h e

.

letter is addressed shou ld at o nce se nd a n invitat io n ,

a nd S ho w ho sp ital ity in so m e form to the frien d o f

“
the ir friend A nd no w we w ill tu rn to vis itat io n s
.

but b e fore e n te ring in to details le t u s say a w ord ,

o f warn ing to the yo u ng or u nm ar ried perso n s .

They a nd m ore especially the ge n tler port io n o f

,

that com m u nity o fte n m ake m istakes by prolo ng

,

ing the ir stay at a fr ie nd s hou se over a m u c h

’

longer period o f t im e tha n wa s fi rst m e n tio ned or

thou ght o f by e ither party ; they t u r n v is its in to
vis itatio ns .

You ng girls h ave l ittle to Occ u py th em m the ir

o w n ho m es or perhaps they ha v e too m u ch fo r
,

the ir l iking ; ho wever that m ay be they rece ive a n ,

inv ita t io n fro m a frie nd to spe nd a week or t wo ,

a nd the w eek or t wo m erges in to a m o nth or t w o .

T h ey are aware that tim e is glid ing o n bu t it is a

pleasa nt existe nce A m u se m e nts are provided ;
.

there are no cares no r trou bles to vex a nd w orry

either m ind or body a nd they are loth to m ak e
the requ ired e ffort A fee ble declarat io n t s u ttered
.
 VI S I TI N G .
7 1

by t he m but directly the hostess pol ite —

sa ys as
”
n e ss req u ires Oh m u st y o u go ? or Can t y o u ’

,
”
st a y lo nger with u s ? the you n g vis itor catc he s at
t h e w ords a nd settles co m fortably do w n a ga in a n d
, ,

p rolo n gs h e r sojo u rn Never o

. u tstay yo u r w e ]
c om e is a n old bu t a good say in g ; a nd w e have
v e ry o fte n heard the re m ark m ade I cannot (or ,

s hall n o t ask M iss S o a n d so

) s h e al
-
w ays stays
-

so
lo n g w he n S he co m es an d o ne n ever k no w s w he n
,
”
s h e w ill go I f yo u are n o t w ell ac q u ain ted w it h
.

t h o se w h o in vite y o u a nd part ic u larly if they are

,

p eople w h o keep a gr eat deal o f co m pa ny t w o or ,

t h ree days is the u s u al t im e Of cou rse the tim e .

y o u sta y depe n ds very m u c h too o n the s i ze , o f

,

y o u r pa rty It
. is better w he n in v it in g yo u r f ri e n ds
to spec ify the leng th : I shall be glad if yo u w ill
s pe nd a w ee k with u s The hostess sho u ld take
.

p art i c u lar c a re to be at ho m e w h e n her g u e sts

a rriv e , a nd ready to rece ive a n d w elcom e the m .

Noth ing gives a greater ch ill than a cold or a tardy

w elco m e a nd n ot h ing g ives m ore pl eas u re than a
,

c he erfu l pro m pt a n d hearty greet in g

, , .

T here is a c ert a in h o s pit a b le a ir

I n a frie nd s h o u se t h a t t ells m e I a m welc o m e
’

T he po rt er o pe n s t o m e w it h a s m ile ,

T he y a rd do g w a gs h is t a il t h e serv a n t ru ns
, ,

B ea ts u p t he c u s h io ns . S prea ds t h e c o u c h a n d , sa ys ,
’

S it do wn, go o d s ir ere I c a n sa y I m w ea ry
'

, .

There is says Wa sh ingt on Irving a n e m a na

, ,
‘

tio n fro m the heart in gen u in e hosp ital ity wh ich

ca nn ot be describ ed bu t is im m ed iately felt a nd
, ,
”
w h ich p u ts the stra nger at o n ce at h is ease T he .

m ann er o f greet ing is no t so fr ee no w as in olde n

day s The n it wa s in deeds as w ell as words It is
. .
7 2 GOOD S O CI E T Y .

st ill c u stom ary fo r great a nd dear frie nds a nd rela

t io ns to sal u te o ne an other w ith the kiss o f peace
bu t th is is a nyth ing bu t a u niversal m ode o f sal u
r at ion at leas t in de m u re and proper Englan d I n
, .

France a nd G erm any o n the co nt rary the in hab it

, ,

a nts go to the other extrem e a nd m en k iss o ne ,

a no th er in p u bl ic a nd in p rivate That th is fo rm .

o f greet ing wa s o nce m ore a la m ode in 0 111 co u n try

than it no w is we learn fro m the re m ark s m ad e by
three fore ign t ravellers C h alc o ndylas a G reek who
.
, ,

vis ited o u r isla nd fo u r o r five centu rie s ago wa s ,

h ighly s u rprised del ighted a nd edified w ith t h is

, ,

wa y o f procedu re He says
. A s fo r E ngl is h
,

fem ales a nd ch ildre n the ir c u sto m s are liberal in

,

t h e extre m e. Whe n a v is itor calls at a fr ie n d s ’

”
ho u se h is firs t act is to k iss his fr ien d s w ife
,
’
.

N ic a n der N ic iu s also adverts to th is osc u latory

practice ; a nd Eras m u s the sta id D u tch m an be
, ,

com e s qu ite l ively w he n expatiat ing u pon th is su b

“
j ec t. He w r ites , The E n gl is h h ave a c u sto m
w h ich c a n never be s u ffic ie ntly co m m e nded on .

yo u r arrival yo u are w elcom ed with kis se s o n yo u r ,

departure yo u are sen t o ff with k isses if y o u re t u rn

t h e e m bra ces are repeated ; w herever yo u m eet y o u
are greeted with a k iss ; w h ichever way y o u tu rn
there is noth ing bu t k iss ing ”
.

A hostess will m ake all the arra ngem e nts ia h er

po wer to prov ide fo r the pleas u re a nd am u se m e nt
o f her gu ests a nd the gu ests in ret u r n m u st n o t
;
be u nm ind fu l o f w hat is inc u m b en t o n th em They .

sho u ld read ily fall into all the plans that a re m ad e

fo r the ir e ntertainm e n t a nd try to ass im ilate th e ir
,

w ays to thos e o f the ho u sehold o f w h ich they a re

m e m bers fo r the t im e be ing eve n in w hat m a , y
se e m to the m trivial m atters They sho u ld no t .
 VI S I TI NG . 73

expect the atte nt io n e ith er o f the ir host or hostess

d u ring the m o rn ing hou rs Break fast a nd l u nc heon .

do n o t req u ire a pu n ct u a l a tte n da n ce as at those ,

m eals it is no t co n s ide red im pol ite to begin at the

s tated ho u r w hether all the gu ests h ave asse m bled

,

o r no t. B u t n o t to be in th e d ra wing roo m w he n -

din ner is a n n o u n ced to a b se n t yo u rsel f a ft er

,

dinn er or to m ake a ny plan s irrespect ive o f yo u r

,

e n tertainers are grave o ffe nces against soc ial la w

, .

The tim e o f ret iring fo r the night is int im ated in

v a rio u s w ays a no t u nu su al S ign is th e appearance
o f a tray w ith w in e soda w ater a n d b isc u its a fter
,
-

, ,

parta k ing o f w h ich there is a d ist rib u tio n o f candle

s t ic k s a m o ngst the lad ies w h o ret ire to the ir o w n
‘

apart m e n ts ; a nd the ge ntle m en also vaca te the

draw ing room a n d so m e pe rhaps adjou rn to the
-

, , ,

s m ok in g roo m-
.

Fees or n o fees ? No de finite determ inat ion

h a s yet be en a rrived a t w ith regard to th is o fte n
disc u ssed qu est io n o f g iving m o n ey t o servan ts .

I n so m e few ho u ses the o w n ers h a ve placed cards

in the ir v is itors bed roo m s req u esting the m no t to
’
-

g i ve grat u it ies ; bu t serva n ts l ike ra il w a y porters , ,

look o u t fo r the ir dou c eu rs A ll those wh o have .

rende red a gu est a n y ass ista nce look fo ra n ack n o w

le dgm e n t a nd the ir hands are al w ays o n the ale rt
,

w he n the m o m e n t o f yo u r depart u re arrive s to ,

rece ive a n d close u po n the gold or s ilver co in

depos ited the re in .

A lady g ives to the m a id who has assisted her

w ith her to ilet a n d the ho u se m aid
, A ge ntle m an .

re m e m bers the valet b u tler coach m a n gam e

, , ,
—
k eeper a n y a nd all w ho have re ndered h im a ny
s erv ice, a nd the do n at io n s are accord ing to the

w ealth o f the do n or ; bu t a s a r u le the m en s e rva n ts

, ,
-
74 G OOD S O CI E T Y .

in la rge hou ses expect gold The se grat u it ies a re

.

really a great tax u po n people s p u rses ; a n d the

’

qu est io n w hether to accept a n invitat io n is o fte n

dec ided in the n egat ive by the tho u ght o f the ex
pe nses e nt a iled no t by rail way t ickets a nd cabs
, ,

bu t by the m en a nd the m aids .

 C H A PTE R VI .

T H E T O I L ET. — D RE S S ,
N EA T N ES S , A N D S U I TA B I L I TY .

S tyle o f D ress a ppro ria te fo rdiff O c c as i

e re n t
o n s — A Christen
— p — —
ing W hen Pa y tng C a lls A t G a rde n Pa rt e i Pic n ic s
—
s

T h e S easide M o rning D res s— D inn er a nd B a ll D ress es

—J ew ellery— B ride’s C o stu m e B rides m a ids T he G u ests ’

a W edding— M o u rn ing— M a n s D ress —A s a B ride

’
at

g ro o m — A t G a rden P a rties — S eas ide u ll D ress F

J e w el lery
— T h e H a t a n d G lo v es .

A nd no w t h e t o ilet s ta n ds dis pla yed .

Pope.
C o m e ta ilo r. le t u s see t
'

, .

O h m erc y w h a t m as k ing st u ff is h ere

W ha t s t his ? A sleev e ?
’

S h a kespea re .

“
AS Dr Dora n rem arks M a n is the only an im al
.
,

bo rn w ithou t be ing p rov ided w ith a n ecessary cos

tum e plants die that m a n m a y l ive a nd a nim als ,

are sk in n ed that the lords o f the creat ion m a y be

”
cov ered It is therefore esse n t ial that the to ilet
.

sho u ld be a m atter fo r tho ught a n d co nside ration

fo r every o ne .

NOW th is chapter is no t inte nded to be a d isser

ta fion u po n fa sh io n ; that I leave to the d res s
’
m akers m o n thly per iod icals fo r ,

Ou r dress st ill v ary ing.

N O 1 t o fo rm s c o n fin ed.
S h ift s lik e t h e s a nd, t h e s po rt
Of ev ery w ind.
7 6 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

I shall sim ply S how what is the style and c ha

rac ter o f dress appropr iate fo r w ear o n differen t
occ as io ns .

I agree w ith Dr Watts that .

,

I t is in go o d m a nners . a 11 d n o t tn go o d dress .
.

T h a t t he t ru e s t ge nt th t y h es

bu t st ill I th ink the two go very m uch together ,

a nd th a t dress has a cer ta in e ffect 011 the c ha !

ra c ter a nd m a nners Most people hold that

.

the reverse o f th is is tr u e a nd that a perso n s

,
’

dress is infl u e nced by h is character Probably .

each h a s a n infl u e nce o n the other ; bu t be t ha t

as it m ay a n ill dressed m a n is never so m u c h
,
-

at h is ea se as a w ell dressed m a n a nd I bel ieve

-

that m ean a nd shabby cloth ing has a n u nco nscio us

hold o n the m ind .

C o s t ly t h y h a bit a s t hy pu rse c a n bu y ,

B u t no t e x pres s ed in fa nc y —ric h no t ga u dy
,

Fo r th e a ppa rel o ft pro c laim s th e m a n .

“
I h ave else w here protested against best roo m s
“
a nd co m pa ny m a n ners an d w o u ld here re m ark
,

that the hab it o f be ing particu lar in o u r att ire o nly

“ ”
w hen we ap pear be fore com pa ny is a bad o n e ,
“ ”
a nd a n ill hab it h as the force o f a n ill fate The .

eyes o f those wh o form o u r ho m e c ircl e shou ld

n ever be d istres s ed by a n u nt idy appeara nce C ir .

c u m sta nc es m a y forb id o u r gar m e n ts be ing e ithe r

rich or costly bu t n e a t ness a n d s im ple elega nce

,

c a n al ways be sho w n in every dress a nd at every

seaso n. M y wife appea rs decen t e nou gh in her
a ppa rel to those w h o visit u s in a n after noo n bu t
in the m orning she is qu ite another fig ure write s a ,

c o m pla in a n t .

There is no eas ier m ethod by wh ich to detect

t h e real lady fro m t h e sha m o ne tha n by n ot ic in g
her style o f dress V u lgar ity is read ily d istin
.

u i s h e d ho w ever costly a nd fa s h io n able the hab il i

g ,

m e nts m a y be by the breach o f certain ru les o f

,

ha rm o n y an d fitn e ss No o ne perhaps c a n dress

.
, ,

p e r fectly w itho u t a ge n iu s fo r it bu t eve r

,y o ne c a n

a v o id vu lga r ity a n d slove n l in ess a nd atta in the

,

a v erage sta n dard o f ge n t il ity N ea tness we have

.

s poke n o f as a req u is ite el e m e n t a n d a nother a nd ,

a ll im porta n t o e
-
n is i i i —
s u tab l ty s u itab il ity a s to
va rio u s t im es a nd seaso ns — s u itabil ity as to a ge .

A dress w hich w o u ld look per fectly well o n o ne

oc cas io n will appe a r o u t o f place a nd v u lgar o n
a nother . A costu m e in wh ic h a yo u ng wo m a n
looks be witch ing m akes an older o ne look absu rd
a nd r id ic u lo u s .

O u r ne ighbou rs o n th e other s ide o f th e C h a nn el ,

w h o are al w ays held u p to u s as m odel s o f taste ,

a re ve ry p art icu lar in thes e po in ts — n eat ness a nd

s u ita b il ity — a n d we m u st o w n that a n E ngl ish

w o m a n rarely pres en ts a n appearance as elegan t a s

a Fre nch w o m a n eve n thou gh the attire o f the
,

for m er m a y be gorgeo u s a nd that o f the latter

,

s im ple a nd plain in the ex trem e The French .

excel too in the assortm e nt a n d h a rm onis ing o f

, ,

c olo u rs . They n ever drea m o f decking them selve s

in all the h u es o f the ra inbow o ne or at the m ost ,

t w o colo u rs predo m inate in the ir w hole d ress ;

a nd w h a tever the colo u rs chos en they a re selected ,

with a v ie w to s u it the co m ple x io n o f t he w ea rer .

A las a n d alack ! fo r Engl ish wo m e n in respect to

these m atters Here yo u see o n e w ith d rab face
.
,
7 8 G OOD S OCI E T Y

a nd drab dress ; th e re o n e b ed ize ned l ike a ba r

,

leq u in so m e in s ilks a n d sat in s lace a nd je wels , ,

whe n the occas io n de m an ds that they sho u ld be

pla inly clad in w oolle n s a nd cam bric ; m others a nd
grand m others a ffecting a style o f j uve n il ity wh ic h
wo u l d look charm in g o n the ir desce n dan ts bu t ill ,

beco m es their grey heads a nd wr inkled brow s T he .

old lady I sa w at a college co ncert wh o had p laced ,

o n the back o f her grey haired head a b u n c h o f

-

brown ha ir a ndco n s idered that a su flic ient ornam e nt

,

w ithou t the add it io n o f cap or lappet ; a nd the o ne

I m et at a ball att ired in white sat in wit h her b a re
, ,

s eve nty year old neck and sho u lde rs po wdered

- -

a nd devo id o f scarf or sha w l forgot t he fact that

,
“
the ap ing o f j u ve nility m u lt ipl ies the wrinkle s o f
old age and m akes its decay m ore co nspic u ou s
, .

B ut let u s proceed to revi e w the vario u s style s o f

dress proper fo r d iffere nt occas io ns .

The d ress w orn b y a m other at her infan t s ’

christe ning and her o wn ch u rch ing shou ld be

pl a in a nd n ea t bu t ha ndso m e a nd s u bsta nt ial
, .

“
There is a n e ntry in King Ed ward I I S Hou se ’
.

”
hold Book to the follo wing effect To t he °

Q u ee n s ta ilor wa s del ivered five p ieces o f wh ite

’

velvet fo r the m aking t h ereo f a certain ro be

,

again st the ch u rch ing o f the Q u een after the birth

o f her A dress o f s ilke n m aterial will lo o k
m ore in accorda n ce with the occasio n t h a n o n e o f

th in text ure .

The cost u m e fo r pay ing calls whe n o n foo t d iffers

fro m that w h ich sho u ld be w orn fo r the sam e pu r
pose wh en d riv ing in a ca rriage I n the form er ca se
.

it w ill be o f a m u ch pla iner character It m a y be .

light or da rk accord ing to the seaso n bu t it m u st

,

no t be y a nd no t h ve a ny th in abo t it t
g a
, a g u o
 TI I E I OI L E T. 79

a tt rac t atte n t io n bu t be like that o f the lady o f

,

w ho m Dr Joh n so n sa id that he w a s s u re she wa s

.

w el l dressed beca u se he co u ld n o t re m e m be r a n y
,

th ing that she had o n .

Carriage dre ss has m u ch m ore l ice nce Hand .

s o m e cost u m es m ade o f r ich s ilke n m aterials flo w e ry

, ,

or feathery bo n nets a nd lace s u nshades wh ich wou ld ,

loo k qu ite o u t o f place w he n walking a re s u itable ,

w he n d riv ing For som e yea rs black gloves w e re

.

u n iversally w o rn at all t im es a nd s easo n s a nd with ,

e very style o f dress The ir place has bee n take n by

.

t a n colo u red gloves w h ich a re wo m with eve n ing as

-

w ell as w ith m o rn ing a t t ire Those m ade o f so ft .

,

d u ll su ede kid a re selected fo r eve n ing w ear in pre

fere n ce to the th icker glossy k id W he n pay ing .

ca lls gloves o f a S hade harm o n is ing in colou r w it h

,

t h e dre ss are u s u ally worn A ll gloves are lo ng a nd

.
,

a re fa st e n ed by m an y b u tto n s the n u m ber o f w h ich ,

v ar ies fro m s ix o n those w o rn o u t o f doo rs to t we n ty

o n those w or n w ith e v e n ing dr ess B racelets a nd .

b a n gles o f gold or s ilver a re w orn over the glove .

T he to ilet fo rgarde n part ies baz aa rs flo w er sho ws , ,

-

& c is o f a brigh te r gayer fash io n a n d a ffords roo m

.
, , ,

fo r the d isplay o f m u ch taste a nd elega nce You ng .

w om e n att ire the m selves in del icately tinted fine

m ater ials m ate rials wh ic h have a refi ne m e nt ,
"

b ea u ty a n d so ft n ess characte rist ic o f those who m

,

t hey are des ig n ed to e m bell ish b u t q u ite d ist inct ive ,

fro m those worn in the ball roo m These cost u m es

-
.

are m ade as e ffect ive a nd coq u ett ish as poss ible

every th ing that w ill a dd to the gaiety w itho u t pass ,

ing the l im its o f m orn ing att ire is per m iss ible a n d , ,

t h e w hole is c ro w n ed by a bo nn et o r h a t o f l ike
descr ipt io n The elde r ladies sho u ld w ear s ilk s o r
.

s o m e h a ndso m e m ate ria l r ich ly trim m ed

, wit h lace ,
80 G OO D S OCI E T Y .

a foreig n sh aw l or lace m an tle a nd bo nnets no t , ,

hats wh ether in to wn or co u ntry

, .

Cost u m es fo r p ic n ics exc u rs io ns a nd fo r sea

, ,

s ide wear s h o u ld be o f a u se fu l character Noth ing .

looks w orse at these t im es than a th in fl im sy fa br ic , ,

w h ic h will s pl it a nd tear at every t u rn or a faded , ,

shabby s il k a nd noth ing looks better t han so m e

strong m ate rial e ither o n e that w ill wash or ot h e r
,

w ise bu t o f s u ch a desc ript io n that it w il l lo o k

,

al m ost as w el l at the en d o f a day s hard wear as ’

at the beginning .

Yachting dresses are ge nerally m ade o f serge or

tw eed as those m aterials a re u n spo ilable by sea a ir
,

a n d water a nd at the sa m e t im e possess war m th

,

a nd d u rab il ity .

The dresses worn by la wn te nnis players have -

vario u s d istinct ive feat u res W ool m u ch or l ittle.

, ,

shou ld in so m e m eas u re form the m aterial fo r ,

health s sake as a preve nt ive o f ch ills be ing take n

’
,

there fore cashm ere serge a nd fla nne l are chose n

, , .

A s the dre s s sho u ld no t be heavy fi ne ness o f w o ol ,

a n d l ig h t ness o f we ight o f m aterial have to be c o n

s idered . The bod ic e is u s ually m ade full a nd the ,

sk irt is short a nd no t b urde ned with m a ny frills

,

a n d fl o u nc es . B u t w ith in these bo u ndary l in es ,

prettin ess a nd e m bell ish m e nts c a n be intro du ced

— co m binat io ns o f colo u rs b right ribbo ns a nd , ,

vario u s oth er adornm e nts w ill g ive the d ress a n

attract ive appeara nce A receptacle fo r the ten n is
.

balls is so m etim es part o f the playe rs cost u m e ’

.

A 11 orna m e n tal a nd u se fu l o ne sho uld be a rranged ,

m ade o f the s a m e m ate rial as the dress Its form .

c a n be that o f a flat pocket or a bag s u spe n ded , ,

fro m t he wa ist Hats o f every var iety are worn

. .
,

of all sh a pes an d s izes They sho u ld in som e

.
 TH E TOI L E T . 81

degre e s u it the rest o f the cost u m e in style a nd

a ppeara n ce .

A n d n ext o f in door dresses .

A lady s m o rnin g dress sho u ld be sim pl e an d

’

refi ned a nd s u ited to the t im e o f day No old

, .

com p a ny go wn s ho u ld exh ibit itsel f a nd its

sh abb in ess in the m orning l ight bu t a dress fres h ,

as the m o m itsel f ; as inexpe ns ive as y o u please bu t ,

c lea n a nd app rop riate it m u st be La ce u nless .

,

o f a th ick descript io n is n o t w or n w ith m or n ing

,

a tt ire . Ho nito n a n d B ru ssels w o u ld be q u ite o u t o f

place Ne ither is m u ch je w elle ry cons is te n t plain
.

gold a nd s ilver ornam e n ts a re perm iss ible bu t ,

n eve r p rec io u s sto n es exc ept in rings ,

.

W he n v is it ing at a frie nd s ho u se the m orn ing ’

s iress m a y be o f a sl ightly s u pe rio r style ; fo r in

stan ce a wh ite em b roidered d re ss m a y be w orn
,

w h e re o ne o f colo u red cotto n w o u ld be u sed at

ho m e or a velvetee n instead o f a serge o ne bu t
,
“
re m e m ber that great exte rn al d ispla y is ge n e rally
”
sa id to be e m ployed to h id e internal vu lgarity a nd ,

w e k n o w o f n oth ing w h ich ev inces no t o n ly g reater

w a n t o f taste bu t also ig n o ra nce o f the hab its o f
,

good soc iety tha n s m art ness in m o rning attire

, ,

a n d e s pec ially a l a v ish d is play o f j e w el le ry .

A ga in a d in n e r d ress differs fro m th a t worn at

,
“
a bal l a ltho u gh they both m a y be te rm ed fu ll
,
”
dress . Fo r the for m e r oc c a sio n s S ilks a n d sat ins ,

velvets a n d brocades a re the m aterial s chose n a n d

, ,

are t rim m ed w ith lace The n eck a nd arm s o f the

.

w earer are n o w ge n era lly cove red except in g at a ,

“ ”
spec ially fu ll d ress dinne r ; the bod ice is m ade
-

h igh b u t ope n in fro n t a nd the sleeves reach the

, ,

el b ow .

O f l a te y e a rs yo u ng w o m e n h ave so arranged
82 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

the ir ha ir th a t ext ra adornm e n ts have no t b ee n in

m u ch favo u r — a je w elled or n a m e n t placed acc o rd

ing to fa ncy a d ecorat iv e co m b or bo w o f rib bo n

, , ,

arranged in the m an ner m ost beco m ing to the

shape o f the head or the style in wh ich the h air is
,

d ressed are e m ployed

, Older lad ies w ear caps .

co m posed o f flo wers o f feathers o f pearls o f fin e

, , ,

lace or co m b inat io ns o f l ace with o ne o r m ore o f

the above nam ed -
.

I n the ball roo m noth ing b u t co m plete fu ll dress

-

sho u ld be worn Fo r yo u ng people d resses o f

.

fab rics o f those textu res w h ic h do n o t look th ic k

a nd heavy a re chose n s u ch as s u ra h s ilk t u lle n et
, , , ,

gau ze a nd the l ike trim m ed w ith lace a nd flo we rs

, , .

The bod ice is m ade lo w with short sleeves ; or ,

c u t o pe n in fro n t a nd at the back with sho u lder ,

stra ps a nd sleeves to the elbo w Extre m es in t he

,
.

for m s o f the d resses wo rn o n these occas io n s

attract obser vat io n b u t n o t ad m irat io n
,
.

Th e flo wers wo rn o n these occas io n s are ge n er

ally art ificial beca u se nat u ral o nes so soo n fall to
,

p ieces fro m the heat o f the roo m a nd the m ove

m e n ts o f the da n cers .

T h e d ress o f the chapero n s sho u ld be s im ilar in

chara ct er to that w orn at a d inne r Je wellery is .

ge nerally w orn in sets ; orn a m e n ts never look so

well if p ieces o f d iff ere n t sets a re d isplayed to
gether ; that is to say if d iam o nds a re in t he ,

b rooch a necklet o f pearls a nd earrings set w ith

,

e m e ralds wo u ld n o t look well if worn o n the sa m e

occas io n A ll the ornam e nts sho uld m atch in
.

character as m u ch as poss ible bu t variety is allow ed ,

in the m a tter o f b racele ts .

The b ride s cost u m e no w de m ands atte nt ion

’
.

Fo rm erly m a gnifice nce and costlin ess were stu d ied

 TH E TO I L E T . 83

b e fore elegance g race W e flatter o u rselves

a nd .

that in o u r t im e b rid al attire is m ore w orthy o f a d

m ira t io n tho u gh n o t as go rgeo u s as o f yo re
, H is .

to ry tells u s that the b ridal d ress o f o ne lady— a

royal o n e it is tru e bu t su bjects alw ays follo w a s
, ,

closely as they m ay the fa sh ion s set th em by the ir

—
sovere ign s wa s co m posed o f velvet a nd cloth o f
gold a nd the w e ight o f it wa s s ixty pou n ds ! B ride s
,

o f the prese n t da y a re d ressed e n t irely in w h ite ,

u n less fo r a seco n d m arriage whe n it is u s u al to ,

choose som e del icate colou r fo r the dress s u ch as ,

s ilver g re y pea rl w h ite o r dove colo u r a n d also to

,
-

,
-

w ear a bo nn et in stead o f the v irg in ve il The d ress .

o f a yo u ng bride is m ade o f so ft textu red S ilk o r sat in

-

o rb rocade t rim m ed w ith flo w e rs a nd rich w h ite lace

, ,

a nd a la rge ve il o f the sa m e desc ript io n o f lace as that

o n the d ress Th is is placed o n the head so as to fa l l

.

o n to the sk irt o f the dress eq u ally beh ind a n d in ,

fro n t . The w ea ring o f the ve il app ears to have

o rigin ated w ith t h e A n glo S axo n s whose c u sto m it
-

w a s to pe rfo rm the ce re m o n y o f m a rriage u n de r a

s q u are p iece o f cloth w h ich w a s held at each
,

c or n er by a t a ll m a n ove r the br idegroo m a nd the

b rid e fo r the pu rpo s e o f co n ceal ing h er bl u shes

, .

I f t h e b ride h ad be en m arried be fo re the ve il was ,

dispen sed w ith .

S o m e t w e nty or t h irty yea rs ago it wa s correct

“ ”
t o w ear fu ll d ress at a wedd ing ; that is the ,

bride s d ress wa s m ade lo w w ith short sleeves a n d

’

, ,

t h e b ideg oo
r r m w o e a n eve n ing s u t
r i N o w m o rn ? .
,

in g atti re is proper fo r ge n tle m e n a n d the b ride s

’
,

c o st u m e too is m u ch m o re s im ple A w reath o f .

w h ite flo wers is w or n u n der the ve il wh ite gloves ,

a n d shoes a n d a bo u q u et co m posed e n t irely o f

,

w h it e flo w e rs A ny great display o f je wel le ry is in

.

F 2
84 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

bad taste ,
the l ittl e that m ay be allo wed should
a nd

no t be florid or ela b orate A set o f pearls looks

.

w ell or so m eth in g o f the sa m e pl ai n a n d s im ple

,

ch a rac ter .

T h ere is m ore variety in brides m a ids dresses ’

th an in th a t o f a b ride A p ict u resqu e cost u m e is

.

o ften chose n wh ich co m bines t wo colou rs o r is ,

m ade e n t irely o f o ne sh a de o f colo u r The hats .

or bo n nets are o fte n co m p o sed o f the sam e m a

t eria l as the d ress o r else o f that w h ich t rim s it
,
.

T he flo we rs w o rn a re ge n erally those wh ich w o u ld

be n a t u rally bloo m ing at that seaso n S o m etim es .

ve ils o f pl a in t u lle a re w or n a nd wreaths take the ,

place o f bo nnets W hen th is is the case the ve il

.

does no t fa ll ove r the face l ike that o f the b ride , ,

bu t e n tirely do wn the back A ll the brides m a ids.

a re d ressed al ike a nd the ir bo u q u ets a re co m posed

,

o f col o u red flo we rs Ne it h er the bride n o r h er

.

m a ids whe n v e ils a re w o rn w ear a ny th ing ove r

, ,

the ir S hou lders except the ir d resses a nd v eils .

T h e yo u ng lad ies wh o do n o t hold the o ffice o f

b rides m a ids shou ld choose som e dainty d ress m a
t eria l . I f ch ild re n are p rese nt at a w edd in g g irls ,

look the best in costu m es o f wh ite or p ale colo u rs ,

a nd l ittle boys in so m e fa n cy cost u m e o r in velvet ,

s u its m ade after the fa sh ion o f t h e Royal page s

in wait ing o f bygo ne days
-
.

The older g u ests at a w edd ing shou ld choose

som e handso m e rich m ate rial a nd have it trim m ed
, ,

w it h e ither w h ite or black lace Over the ir .

sho u lders S ho u ld be wo rn a l ace m a ntle or o ne

o f s ilk or sat in a nd the ir bo n n ets tr im m ed with
,

feathe rs a nd flo wers .

Form e rly m ou rn ing w as worn both fo r a lo nger

pe riod a n d o f a m u ch deeper character tha n is u s u al
 TH E TO I L E T
. 85

at the pres e nt t im e T w o years w a s no t co ns id ered

.

too lo ng a t im e fo r a n ear relative su ch as father ,

or m other N o w o ne year fo r relat io ns o f that

.
,

degree a n d six m o n ths fo r u ncles au nts or co u s ins

, , , ,

is the g e ne ra l t im e I n thes e d a y s it is co ns id ered

.

better taste to wear plain e r a nd l ess heavy ex pen ,

s ive a nd ost en tat iou s hab il im e n ts tha n hereto fore

,
’

W ido w s w e ar the ir w eeds w h ich co ns ist o f c ra pe

,

dres s large black s ilk cloak c rape bon net a n d ve il

, , ,

pla in m u sl in collar a nd b road c u ffs (o r weepe rs ,

”

as they a re term ed ) a n d w idow s c a p u s ua l ly fo r

,
’

a year a n d th en d iscont inu e the pa rtic u lar s ign s

,

w h ich d ist ing u is h a w ido w s u ch as c a p w eepe rs

, , ,

a nd ve il a n d w e a r o rd in ary m o u rn ing fo r as lo ng a
,

tim e as they m a y w ish Deep m o u rning is cou s i

.

de re d to be w oolle n fa brics a nd c ra pe What is .

“ ”
ca lled seco n d m o u rn ing is d u ll black s ilk or
ca sh m ere w ith or w itho u t cra pe The th ird sta ge
, .
,
“
w h ich is called hal f m ou rning is black a n d ,

w h ite . Co m pl im e n tary m ou rn ing is black w ith

o u t crape .

O f co u rse it will be tho u ght that there c a n not

b e m u ch to say abou t m e n s to ilets s ince they a re
’
,

s u pposed n ever to th ink abo u t dress no r talk ,

a bo u t it a nd rarely to cha nge the ir fash io n s

, I .

h a v e said ve ry l ittle abo u t the m yet it is tru e bu t ,

h a d I space at m y co m m a n d I co u ld write p ages

t o sho w h o w in eve ry age the a rt o f d ress h a s bee n
o n e o f t h e l ead in g s tu dtes o f the m asc u l ine m ind .

A n old A nglo S axo n ch ro nicler writes th a t the

-

y o u n g m e n o f h is day w e re m o re fopp is h a n d va in

o f the ir appeara n ce th a n the lad ies a n d to p rove ,

h is w ords he add u ces the follo wing re a so n s : that

they u sed to com b the ir ha ir eve ry da y bathed ,

every Sat u rday o ften cha nged the ir clothes an d

, ,
86 G OOD S O CI E TY .

us ed m any other s u ch frivolou s m ea ns fo r sett ing

o ff the bea u ty o f the ir perso n s The n we read that
in He nry I s t im e m e n vied with w o m e n in the
’
.

le ngt h o f the ir locks a nd wherever these we re ,

w a nt ing they pu t o n false t resses D u ring the t im e .

o f Ja m es I the beau x wo re long love locks a nd

.
-

som e tim es stu ck flo wers beh ind the ir ears a n d a

certain Earl o f Pe m broke a m a n fa r fro m be ing a n
,

e ffe m inate cha racte r is represe n ted as wea ring ea r

,

rings ! Tales m ight be told o f the wro u ght n ight

caps w h ic h were e m bro idered in gold a nd s ilk fo r
,

phys ic ians a nd in black a nd wh ite fo r the clergy

, .

Pepys in h is q u aint ope n s im ple wa y t h u s dis

, , , ,

closes to us the va nity o f th e sex in h is day fo r he ,

n o t o nly jots do wn the d iffere n t cost u m es n ot iced

by h im as wor n by h is fair acq u a inta n ces bu t a great ,

m a n y p a ges a re devoted to descript io ns o f h is o w n

appa rel Here is o ne o u t o f the m any l ike pas

.

sages w ith wh ich h is D iary ab o u nds

“
Oct 3 o . w o rse tha n I w a s la st m o n t h
. .

B u t it hath ch ie fly a rise n fro m m y lay ing o u t in

clothes fo r m ysel f a nd wife V I Z fo r h er abo u t £ 1 2
, ,

a n d fo r m ysel f 55 or thereabo u ts Hav in g m ade .

m ysel f a velvet cloak t w o n e w cloth sh irts both

, ,

black a nd pla in a n ew sh ag go wn t rim m ed with ,

gold b u tto ns a nd t wist ; w it h a n ew h a t a nd s ilk

tops fo r m y legs ; t wo periw igs whe reof the o ne ,

cost m e 3 a nd the othe r t h irty sh ill ings These

, .

n o t w o rn y e t btt t b egin n ext m o n th G o d will

, ,
7)
m g
he d ress o f that day m u st have added greatly to
7

the sple ndo u r a nd ga iety o f the c o up d ceil o n all ’

occas io ns w h ile the so m bre ta m e appeara nce o f

, ,

ou rs dec idedly detracts fro m it .

The d ress o f R ichard C oeu r de L io n as a br ide

 TH E TOI L E T . 87

groom was a sat in tu nic o f a rose colo u r belted ,

ro u n d the w a ist ; a m a n t le o f st riped s ilver t issu e ,

brocaded w ith silver c resce nts ; a nd o n his head a

rose colou red bo nn et brocaded in gold wit h figu res
-

o f a n im als . The br idegroo m o f fi fty years ago

appea red in l ight bl u e ta il coat w ith gold b u tton s
- -

, ,

w h ite w a istcoat k n ee breech e s shoes a n d b u c kles

,
-

, ,

th e ord inary eve n ing su it o f that pe riod The .

‘

br idegroom o f to day is dressed in m orning attire

-

-
dark frock coat with wa istcoat a nd trou sers o f
-

, ,

som e fash ion able shade a n d sca rf o r t ie o f a t in t ,

w h ich h a rm o n ises w ith the rest o f the s u it The .

o ther ge n tle m e n p rese n t at a w edd in g wea r the

s a m e st y le o f dress A t a f ete elz a m p itre g ive n by

.

Q u een Mary the g en tle m e n who atte nded Princess

,

El izabeth we re att ired in ru sset dam ask a nd bl u e

s at in w it h caps o f s ilve r cloth a n d bl u e pl u m es
, .

A t garde n part ies in t o w n t h e m en w ea r frock

c oats e it her dark bl u e grey or black wh ite wa ist
,
-

, , ,

c oats l ight tro u se rs a n d S ilk hats

, , .

For seas ide a n d cou n try u s e a com plete su it o f ,

da rk bl u e serge or m ixed tw eed is fo u nd the m ost

-

s u itable w ea r .

The p rese n t style o f eve ning d ress has bee n

m u ch ab u sed as so c losely rese m bl in g that w orn
by w ait ers . The black tail coat wa is tcoat (som e -

tim es w h ite ) a nd t ro u sers a n d wh ite tie p rese n t a

, , ,

so m bre no t to say a gloo m y a ppea ra nce a n d ,

fu rnish n o scope fo r v a riety fro m y ea r t o yea r ,

except in the S h a pe a n d c u t .

H av ing desc rib ed the d iffere n t styles o f m e n s

’

dress it m a y be as well to re m a rk that what

,

ha s be e n sa id in the fo rm er part o f the chapte r

“
abo u t s u itab il ity equ ally appl ies to the ir cos
tum es as t o that o f lad ies For in stance whe n .
,
88 G O OD S O CI E T Y .

it is sa id t hat a t we ed s u it is w orn in the co u ntry ,

it m u st no t be s u ppos e d t h a t that costu m e is

there su itable fo r every occas io n a nd at all t im es
o f the da y .O n s o m e occas io ns n e ither the t w eed
costu m e n o r the eve ning d ress s u it w o u ld be a p
r
p po ria t e,b u t the in t erm ed iate dress sho u ld b e

w orn— a s u it s u ch as is u s u ally do n ned o n S u nday s

e ither in to wn or cou n t ry black frock co a t -

colo u red tro u sers a nd da rk tie o r scarf No a t

, .

te m pt sho u ld eve r be m ade to com b ine m orn ing

a n d eve n ing d re s s ; they sho u ld al ways be q u it e
d ist inct the o ne fro m the other .

I t is no t co n s ide red good taste fo r a m a n to w ear

m u ch j e w ellery A p lain ha n dso m e ring st u ds
.
, , ,

a nd sleeve l inks-
a wa tch c h ain w ithou t pe ndan ts
,
-

w ill al ways look m ore see m ly than a great display

o f e labo rate or na m e n ts .

M en sho u ld w e ar gloves in the s treet or at a ,

ball ; whe n pay ing a call d riv ing rid ing a nd in

, , ,

ch u rch ; bu t n o t u su ally in the cou ntry a nd n o t ,

at a d inner B u t o f all th e vario u s articles w h ich

.

com pose the m ale attire there is perh a ps no t o n e

,

wh ich has so m u ch character a n d express io n as the

head dress
-
. A neat well br u shed short m appe d
,
-

,
-

ge ntlem anly hat pu t o n with a certa in a ir gives a

, ,

look o f distinct io n a nd respectab il ity to the w hole

exterior .
 C H APTER VI I .

M A RRI A G E .

T hings to be tho u gh t o f — nterv iew w ith

I F
a th er in L a w
—E ngagem ent Ring—W edding Prese n ts —Etiq u e tte o f
- -

C o u rts h ip — T h e B ride s m i
a ds — T he L ic enc e a nd B anns
—B rid egroo m s
’
Prese nt s t o B ride a nd h er M a id s — Day
b efo re t h e I Vedding— W edding D a y —T h e C erem o ny
—
Th e B rea kfa s t Th e D e pa rtu re—A m usem en ts fo r the
res t O f t h e D a y

A nd a ll w ent m erry as a m a rria ge bell .

’ ’

sh elo o k d. sh e blu s h d c o nsent ;

He gras p ed h e r h a n d, t o c h urc h t h e y w en t .

I F all co u r ts h ips and w edd ings w e re co nd u cted in

t h e very su m m a ry a nd ab ru pt m a nn er descr ib ed in
the above lines th is chapter wou ld be a s u pe r
,

fl u o u s o n e ; bu t in tru th there is a m u lt it ude o f

, ,

t h in gs to be do n e at the t im e o f a n eve n t o f th is
k in d a nd a tho u sa nd preparat io n s t o be m ade
,

b eforehand . I ndeed a w edd ing necess itates m u ch

,

t h o u gh t a nd labou r a nd nu m berless a rra nge m e nts ,

fro m the t im e w he n the happy day is fixed u po n

u p to the ve ry last m in u te o f the day itsel f The .

w ear a n d tear o f m ind is in descr ibable m ore par ,

t ic u la rly to the m e m bers o f the b ride elect s fa m ily

’
-
.

—
The t ou sseau who m to ask to be brides m a ids
r
t h e g u ests to be inv ited to the w edd ing a nd to the
w edd ing feast —wh o o u ght to be inv ited to stay in
-

t h e n —
ho u se d u r g the t im e h o w to provide fo r
i
v is it ors wh o ca nn ot be so acco m m —
odated th e
go G OOD S OCI E T Y .

perplexing q u est io n w hether hosp ital ity is to take

the for m o f b reak fast l uncheon or afternoo n tea
, ,

the am u se m ent o f the g u ests fo r the rest o f the day

— these a nd all the tho u san d and o n e deta ils c o n
seq u e nt o n the m are no l ight b u rde n to s u pport .

O f co u rse in o ne se n se it is all a pleasan t k in d o f

, ,
”
worry .

Fro m t im e im m e m orial w edd ings have bee n c o n

sidered by m ost n at io n s to b e occas io n s fo r fea st ing
.

a nd rejo ic i ng Th is idea has bee n ca rried o u t i n

.

d iffere n t w ays b u t all agree that happ in ess a nd

,

m err im e n t sho u ld b e the preva il in g se n t im e nts I .

have heard o f bu t o ne except io n Mada m e P fe iffe r .

tells u s that the re is a n Easter n co u ntry where in

the c u sto m is fo r the b ride afte r the m arriage cere
,

m ony — w h ich is pe rfor m ed in the fore noo n — to sit

fo r the re m ainder o f the day in a corn er o f t h e
roo m with her face to the wall S h e is no t allo w ed .

to an s wer a ny o ne whateve r st ill less is she p er

,

m itt ed to speak he rsel f Th is s ile nce it appears

.
, ,

is inte nded to typ ify the so rro w o f the b ride at

chang ing her cond it ion .

B u t there are seve ra l p rel im inaries to co n s ider

before speak ing o f the even t ful day Hav ing .

w ooed a nd w o n the faire la dy e the happy s u itor ,

h a s n ext to u n dergo the d readed ordeal o f ask in g

h er father s or h e r gu a rd ia n s co n se n t It is the
’ ’
.

fa sh io n in n ovels to dep ict all fa thers o n these

occas io n s as ste m w ith adam a nt ine hearts
,
In .

real eve ryd a y l ife they a re to be m et w ith here

a nd there a n d ex ist w e m u st s u ppose o n p u rpose
, , ,

to prove in t hose cases the tr u th o f the old

“
adage that the co u rse o f tru e love never does
,

ru n s m oothe .

It is said that in the olden t im es o f o u r co u nt ry ,

 M A R RI A GE .
9 1

t he w o m en m ade the adva nces a n d o fte n becam e ,

the s u itors bu t it is no t u po n record w hether they

a s ked the co n se n t o f the ir fu t u re fathe rs ln la w - -

I n ca ses where the lady possesses a large fortu n e ,

or w here the ge ntle m a n has l ittle bes ides love to

o ffer it is co n s ide red the m ore ho n o u rable co u rse
,

fo r h im t o seek t h e pare n ts co n se n t be fo re the

’

dau ghter s a n d to ask their per m iss io n to lay h is

’
,

h e a rt at her feet Ho w ever th is m a y b e the first

.
,

in terv iew bet w ee n t wo m en in th is pos it io n m u st

i
’

p e rfo rce be a n u n co m fo rtable o n e It s a fathe r s .

—
du ty to go thoro u ghly in to the s u bject to exa m in e
fu t u re p rospects to w e igh t h e p u rse to speak o f
, ,
— “
deeds no t do u g h ty deeds bu t pa rch m e n t o n es ,
—a nd settle m e n ts a n d do w er ,
A ll these practical .

m atters — m at t ers so esse n t ial to the fu t u re hap i

n ess a nd w ell be in g o f the yo u n g co u ple

- — m u st e
spoke n o f a nd talked over in order that there be ,

n o rash vo w s — n o n eed fo r d is a gree m e n t in t h e

fu t u re .

Nervo u s t im id s u itors o fte n try to evade th is

,

try ing o rdea l by w rit ing th eir petitio n in stead o f

p re fe rrin g it pe rso n ally w h ich is b u,t a w eak m ode
o f proce du re w e a re incl ined to th ink ; a s sho u ld
,

t h e co n se n t be g ive n it is o n ly a postpo n e m e nt
o f the in ev itabl e ; a nd sho u ld it be w ithheld the

chan ce is lost o f t ry ing pers u a s ive eloq u e nce or ,

“
o f o ffe rin g fu rthe r expl a nat io n s 4 01
— to w rite is
to speak beyo nd h ea ring a n d no n e sta nd by to ,

expla in .

The ce rem o ny o f betroth a l which st il l ex ists in ,

m a n y lan ds is n o lo nger obse rv ed in ou rs

,
In .

H ollan d all the frie nds a n d n e ighbo u rs o f the

e ngaged co u ple asse m ble a n d celeb rate it by a n

e xte n s ive co n su m pt io n o f brinds nker (br idal s u gar)

9 2 G OOD S OCI E TY .

a nd brz na d ra nen (br idal tears ) as the sp iced i e

'
’
w
, n
d ru nk o n that occa s io n is figu rat ively n a m ed I n .

E ngland it wa s o nce the c u stom to break in half

a gold or s ilver co in in toke n o f a verbal co n t ract
,

o f m a rria ge a nd p ro m ise o f love each party t rea ,

s uring a hal f No w it is the fash io n fo r the fi a neé

.

to g ive h is fia n eée a r in g o f a pla in tho u gh ha n d

so m e desc riptio n o n e that c an be w o rn a fter wa rd s
,

as a g u ard to the w edd ing ring There is a s u per -

.

s tit io n forb idd ing t h e ring to b e set e ither w ith

O pa ls or e m eralds — the form er becau se they de note

cha nge the latter jealo u sy
,
T he G ypsy r ing a
.
,

broad ban d w ith the sto nes (d iam o n d s pearls , ,

ru b ies or t u rq u o ises let i as i ere in a c ircle

, ) n t w , ,

rou nd the ring is a favou rite a nd pretty cho ice

,
.

The e ng age m e nt r ing o f the Princess o f W a les was

o n e o f th is desc ript io n a n d the sto n es w e re so
,

sel ected a nd set that t h e ir init ial lette rs form ed the

nam e o f Be rt ie that be ing the pet nam e o f the
,

royal bridegroo m elect I f a s im ple in expe n s ive

-
.

r ing be req u ire d a ban d o f gold ch a sed bu t w ith

, , ,

o u t ston es m a y be u sed
, T he e ngage m en t ring is
.

w or n o n the th ird fi nger o f the le ft ha nd by its el f , ,

u n t il the w edd ing r in g is pl a c e d o n the sa m e fi n g er ,

w he n the e nga ge m e n t ring acts as it s k eepe r .

Whe n the e ngage m e n t ta k es place the re lat io ns ,

o f the h a ppy m a n sho u ld im m ed iately exp ress a

w ish to b e int rod u ced to h is fia nc ée if t hey a re ,

strangers to h er in order that they m a y w elco m e

,

h er a s a fu t u re m e m ber o f the ir fa m ily I f they .

l ive in the im m ed iate n eigh bo u rhood they c all ,

u po n her a n d her pare n ts ; if at a d ista n ce they ,

inv ite her to pay the m a v is it whe n her lover ,

accom panies her a nd int rod u ces her to h is fa m ily .

The e nga ge m e nt shou ld be annou nced to all

 M A RRI A GE .
93

r elat io ns a nd frie nds wh o s h o u ld at o nce offer

,

t h e ir con g ra tu la t io ns to the br ide elect a n d to her -

p a r e n
, ts e ither perso n ally or by letter .

D irectly people hear o f the co nte m plated m a r

ria ge o f a n acqu a in ta nce the fi rst tho u ght w h ich
,

c rosses the ir m in d is ,
“
What shall w e give the m ? ”

— a m ost d iffic u lt qu est io n to a n s w e r a n d o ne ,

w h ich is the c a u se o f m u ch c ogitatio n to the

a n x io u s a n d be wildered do n o r .

It wo u ld see m as if people s ideas al ways ru n ’

in the sam e grooves in th is m atter t o j u dge fro m ,

t h e l ittle var iety d isplayed in the select io n We .

h ave he a rd o f as m a n y as a doze n fis h sl ices -

fi n d ing the ir way in to the yo u ng co u p le s keep in g ;

’

a n d as to b u t t e r k n ives they a re a pt to m u st er as
-

stro ng as p igeon p ies at a p ic nic What a p ity it

-
.

is that the re is no t a co m m ittee o f frie n ds a p

po in ted to a rrange this im porta n t b u s iness ! M u c h
p erplex ity a n d do u bt m ight th u s be saved S o m e .

people avoid t h e d iffi c u lty by se nd ing a su m o f

m o n ey to the b ride elect t o be S pe n t by h er o n
-

what she wishes . Th is plan is becom ing v e ry

g e n eral
.

B u t w hat a re th e a ffia n ced o nes do ing all th is

tim e ? Not app ea ring in p u bl ic w itho u t a chape
ro n it is to be hoped
,
The o ffice o f chape ron
.
,

tho u gh an ho no rary o ne is ge n erally dee m ed to

,

be a laborio u s post a n d o n th ese occas io n s it is

,

we w ere go ing to s a y a d isag reeable o n e

, A t a ny .

rate it ca n n ot be ag reeabl e to be in the pos it io n

,

o f be in g o n e too m a n y a n d w here y o u a re n o t
,

wa n ted. Th is th ird p erson wh o plays p ropriety is

“ ”
also k n o w n by the n a m e o f G ooseberry The .

o rig in o f th is ter m is n o w q u ite fo rgott en Pe rh aps .

Bu r ns expla in s it whe n he Says

94 G OOD S O CI E T Y .

’ ’

lt s h a rdly in a bo dy s po w er
T o k ee p a t t im es fro m be ing S O tt r.

Lovers sho u ld ake a p ractice o f abse n ting

no t m

the m selves or o f be ing so en t irely absorbed w it h

,

each other as to co m pletely ignore or n eglect others

w hose co m pa ny they m a y be in Ne ither is it c o n
.

sidered good m a nn ers to d isp lay de m o nstrat iv e

affectio n co nt inually or p u bl icly , A ll froth y .

te ndern esses a nd am oro u s bo il ings over a re in s u lts -

”
o n a n d a ffro n ts to co m p a ny say s S wift It is t o
, .

be feared that ve ry o fte n we that are lovers ru n

in to stra nge cape rs .

It is the lady s privilege to choose the happy day

’
,

a n d n o wadays a n y o ne o f the th ree h u n dred a n d

s ixty fiv e m a y be fixed u po n bu t there wa s a t im e

-

whe n the cho ice wa s restr icted to ce rt a in seaso n s .

A n al m a nack fo r the year 1 67 8 in se rts the fol lo win g

n ot ice
“
T im es proh ibit in g m a rriage — Ma rriage co m e s
in o n the 1 3 th day o f Ja n u ary a nd at S ept u ages im a
,

S u n day it is o u t again u n t il L o w S u n day at w h ic h

t im e it co m es in aga in a nd goes no t o u t u n til RO
,

t i n S n day the n ce it is fo rb idde n u n t il T rin ity

g a o u

S u n d a y fro m whe n ce it is u n fo rb idde n u n t il A dve n t

,

Su n day ; b u t the n it goes o u t a n d co m es n o t in

aga in t ill the 1 3 th day o f Ja n u ary next fo llo win g .
”

A ltho u gh the cho ice o f o u r yo u ng people is n o t

th u s c u rtailed w e advise t he m to dec ide if poss ibl e
,

u po n s u m m er as t h e seaso n a nd the co u ntry as

,

t h e place . Winter w edd ings a nd those in to wn

are al ike profou ndly d isp irit ing Happy is t h e .

”
br ide that the su n sh in es o n a nd h o w c a n w e rely
,

u po n w in terly rays they are so tra n s ie n t a nd u n

,

ce rtain ?
The n in a to wn and espec ially in L o ndo n every
, ,
 M A RR I A GE .
95

t h ing and everybody looks so m u ch the reverse o f

s e n t im e n tal It see m s the sole a im o f the o ffic ia ls
.

t o get the whole affa ir over w ith as m u ch speed as

p oss i ble . The cro w d w h ich coll ect aro u nd the

c h u rch have n o in te rest in the br ide b e yo n d her

dress T h ey o n ly gather o u t o f idle c u rio sity A n d
. .

th e n in a t o w n whe re a re the flo w ers to s tre w the

b ride s path ? We heard o f th is o nce be ing a t
’

“
te m pted ih L o ndo n ; bu t sa id the relat er , the ,

c a m ell ias a nd azaleas had a pa lpable flor is t look

abo u t them no t in t he least like those gro w n in

,

a co u nt ry gree nhou se They were c u t with a n

.

e co n o m y o f stalk a n d lea f wh ic h spoke pla in ly o f

”
a pro fess io nal k nife .

B u t w e m u st n o t wa nder T h e day be in g fixed

.
,

the lady has n o w to take in to se rio u s co n s ideration

h o w m a ny brides m a ids S h e will have a nd w ho they ,

m u st be ; w h ile her lover— l u cky m a n — has n o

s u ch w e ight o n h is m in d Whatever the nu m ber

.

o f atte n da nts o n h is bride he o nly re qu ires o ne

,

to s u ppo rt h im sel f a nd that o ne is e ither a

,

b rother o r h is o w n m ost int im ate frie nd w ho fo r ,

“ ”
the no n ce is called t h e best m a n .

T h e n u m ber o f b rides m a ids va ries fro m t wo t o

t w elve S ix o r eight a re the favo u rite n u m b ers bu t
.
,

m u ch depends u po n h o w m any n ear relat ives ,

‘

s iste rs o r c o u sins the b ride a n d her groom h a p

, ,

p e n to have The
. select io n is m ade fro m t h e t wo
fam il ies as a ru le a nd the c h ief b rides m a id is t h e
,

b ride s s iste r if she have o ne

’
, .

We have elsewhe re spoke n o f the dresses to

b e wo rn by t h e brides m aids o n these occas ions _ ,

so no w we w ill o n ly speak in pass in g as to

w ith w ho m the cho ice shou ld rest Th is is a .

m u c h vexed
-
qu est io n a nd ofte n cau ses serio u s
,
9 6 G OOD S OCI E TY .

i i f
d ssat s act o i n — no t pe rhaps ope nly expressed , but
inwardly felt The bride ha s her ideas o n the
.

s u bj ect o f m aterial a nd colo u r a nd style , a nd

it is o nly right that her w ishes S ho u ld be m a inly
co nsu lt ed ; bu t let her con s ider o the rs as w el l as
he rsel f . I f she does no t p rese nt the cost u m es,
she sho u ld be ca re fu l n o t to de m a nd expe ns ive
o nes , w h ich w ill d ra in her frie nds p u rses so m e
’

what too m uch G irls a re o ft e n ve ry tho u gh tless

.

in th is respect, a n d ins ist u po n very h a nd s o m e a nd

expe ns iv e dresses, wh ich a re frequ e ntly o f n o u se
a fter t he day fo r w h ich they w ere o rd ered A nd .

the n as to colo u r, so m e colo u rs are part icu larly

u nbeco m ing t o o ne pe rso n, others to an o t h er .

E ndeavo u r, there fo re , to a rra nge a colou r a n d styl e

o f d ress s u ch as will s u it the m ajo rity .

O ften whe n there are a n u m ber o f brides m a ids,

hal f the n u m ber a re a ttired in o ne colo u r, hal f in
anothe r S o m et im es the c h o ice rests with the
.

“
ch ief m a id bu t we th ink all sho u ld have a vo ice
in the m atter, a n d that they a ll S h o u ld co n side r a nd
try to fa ll in w ith the wish es o f the bride e l e ct -
.

B u t wh ile h is fia nc ee is a rra ng ing her m a ids a n d

the ir d resses , the b ridegroo m m u st no t be idle .

There are va rio u s d u t ies d evolving u pon h im sel f

w h ich de m an d h is atte nt io n, fi rst a n d fore m ost
the a rrange m e nts fo r t h e ec c l es iast ical pa rt o f the
cere m o ny .

The re are fo u r wa ys by wh ich to get m arr ied in

E nglan d The fi rs t is by spec ial l ice nce w h ich
.
,

e n ables y o u to be m arried at a ny t im e a nd at a ny
place bu t is n o t o fte n m a de u se o f be ing a very
, ,

expen s ive m e thod The cost o f su ch a l ice nce is

.

fi fty po u nds a nd it is only obtainable th rou gh a n

,

arch bisho p .
 I II A RRI A G E .
97

The n the re is a n o rd inary l ice nce wh ic h c a n be ,

proc u red e ithe r at Doctors Co m m o ns or thro u gh

’

a clergym an (th e m ost ord in ary way ) wh o ho w , ,

ever m u st b e a su rrogate a nd also res ide n t in

, ,

the d iocese in w h ic h the m arriage is to take

place . It also n ecess itates a perso nal in tervie w
betw ee n o ne o f th e parties a nd t h e clergym an as ,

he o r S h e m u st s wear th at both are o f age ; or if

m in o rs t hat t hey have the co n se n t o f t h e ir p a ren ts
,

or gu ard ian s . A s the m arr ia ge takes place in the

parish in w h ich th e lady resides it so m etim es ,

happe ns that she is obl iged to apply fo rthe l ice nce ,

if the ge n tle m an l ives at a d ista n ce a nd finds it

im possib le to take t wo j o u rn eys o n e to procu re a
,

l icen ce a nd o ne to proc u re a w ife A fa ir frie n d o f

.

m in e w a s o n ce placed in th is a wk ward pred ic a m en t

o f hav in g to proc u re her o wn l ice nce O ne o f the .

p art ies m u st have res ided d u rin g at le a st fi ftee n days

in the pa rish in wh ich the w edd ing is to take place .

Th e fe e fo r a l ice nce is £ 2 1 3 s 6d incl u ding 1 0 8

. .
, .

fo r sta m p .The l ice n ce m a y be u sed a ny t im e

du r ing the t h ree m o n ths follo w ing the dat e o f iss u e .

To be m arried by banns is co n s ide red to be th e

m ost o rthodox wa y o f p roceed in g as w ell as the ,

m ost eco n o m ical . Ban ns m u st be p u bl ished in the

c h u rch o f the par ish in wh ich the la dy l ives a nd ,

also in that in w h ich the ge n tle m a n res ides fo r three ,

c o nt in u o u s S u n days p rio r to the m a rriage a nd the

bann s hold good fo r the t h ree m o n ths follo w
ing. The partie s m u st have res ided fi ft ee n days
p rev io u sly in the pa rish .

O r the k n ot m a y be tied at a l ice n sed chapel or ,

at the o ffi ce o f t h e S u pe rin te n de n t Reg is trar In .

eithe r o f thes e cases it is req u is ite to give n otic e at

the sa id o ffice o f the in te n de d m arria g e th re e w ee k s ,

c
9 8 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

previou s to the ce re m o ny a nd to obta in a cert ificate

,

to the e ffect that th is has bee n do ne fo r both o f ,

w h ic h form s the m odest su m o f o ne sh ill in g is

char ged S ho u ld the m arriage be by l ice nce th e
.
,

n ot ice n eed no t be g ive n so lo ng b e foreha n d fo r ,

the m arriage m ay be sole m n ised after the exp irat io n

o f o ne whole day n ext a fte r the day o f the e n try o f
the not ice For insta nce if not ice was give n o n a
.
,

T u esd a y the m arriage m ight take place o n t h e

,

Th u rsday follo wing The prese nce o f the Reg istra r

.

is req u ired both at the chapel a nd at the o flic e in

, ,

w h ich latter place a short cere m o ny is go n e thro u gh

be fore the S u perinte nde nt Reg istrar (wh o rece ive s
n oth ing fo r his tro u ble ) wh ic h cere m o ny legal is e s
,

m arriages co n tracted in th is m an ner .

The clergy m e n asked to o ffic ia te are ge n erally ,

speak ing the relat ives or old fa m ily frie nds o f th e

,

bride elect ; bu t it is et iq u ette to invite the cle rgy

-

m an o f the ch u rc h in wh ich the cere m o ny is to ta ke

place also to ass ist a nd the r u le is that he S hou ld
,

in a ny case rece ive the fee eve n if h e be n o t presen t

,

o n the occas io n a nd also that he sho u ld rece ive

,

a n inv it at io n to the break fa st .

“ ”
People in E ngla nd writes a Fre nch lady , ,

have n o n ot io n o f wha t tro u ble it is to get m a 1

ried in Fra nce — espec ially if o n e o f the pa ir be a
fore igner . A cert ificate o f bapt ism is req u ired ,

toge ther w ith that o f the fa ther a nd m other s m a r ’

ria ge that o f b u rial too if dead ; a nd a w r itte n

, ,

co nse nt o f grand father a nd gra nd m othe r if the ,

latter are al ive a nd th e p a re n ts dead Th e na m e s .

o f the part ies are the n pu t u p o n the door o f t h e

M a irie fo r ele v e n days .

To ret u r n the bridegroo m has to b uy the ring

, ,

that pla in gold c irclet wh ich 15 to re m a i n a pled ge

 M 4RR I A GE . 99

Of an ind issol u ble T his sho u ld be th ick

u n i n.o ,

m a de a nd o f good work m a n sh ip fitted

o f fine gold , ,

t o e nd u re con sta n t every day w ear fo r the w edd ing

,
-

r in g shou ld never be drawn o ff the fi nge r a fter it has

b e e n placed the re o n the wedd ing da y It is u s u al .

to presen t the b ride w ith som e handsom e p iece o f

j e w ellery s u ch as a nec k let or brooch w h ich S h e
, ,

w ea rs fo r the fi rst t im e o n her bridal day The .

br idesm a ids also ge ne rally rece ive a gift fro m the

b ridegroom lockets fa ns or rings a n d these are all
, , , ,

al ike g ive n as re m e m b ra nces o f th e day a nd in

ack n o wledgm e nt o f the ir se rvices The b ride .

g r oo m p rese n ts the br ide a n d her m a ids with the ir

b o u q u ets S u ch a re th e o n er o u s d u ties o f the
.

ge n tle m a n .

A nd n o w as to the u es ts to be inv ited The

g .

c ircle o f acqu a intance is ever wide ning b u t a l ine ,

m u st b e dra w n wh ich will sh u t o u t m an y A c u sto m .

h a s arise n fo r the pare nts o f th e br ide elect to in v ite -

all frie nds wh o a re n o t asked as g u ests to w it n ess

, ,

the cere m o ny [S ee page 59 ] Everybody ts glad to

.

“ ”
haste to a w edd ing bu t o nly relat io n s a nd o n e
,

or t wo old frien ds S ho u ld be inv ited to the act u al

fest ivity The father a n d m other o f the bridegroo m
.

o u ght to be treated as the ch ie f gu ests th ro ugho u t ,

a n d spec ial atte n t io n sho u ld be pa id to all the

m e m be rs o f h is fa m ily They sho u ld stay in the
.

hou se as a lso sho u ld the b rides m a ids

,
.

l he wh irl a nd b u stle o f the day or w e m ight say

'

days be fore a wedding 15 n o t equ alled o n a n y o ther

,

occas io n Everybody 15 in s u ch a state o f exc ite

.

m e n t that a n u n init ia ted sp ectato r m ight im a g in e

that t h e whole ho u sehol d a nd n o t o ne m e m ber ,

m erely was go ing to be m a rried

,
A pa rt fro m the .

a rra n ge m e nt o f th e ro o m in w h ich t h e re fect io n is

o 2
ro o G OOD S OCI E T Y .

to be the trying o u o f dresses a nd the pac king o f

,
-

the br ide elect s robes t h ere are the prese nts to

-
’

d istra ct the atte nt ion a nd these have to be arra nged ,

fo r e x h ib itio n It is no w c u sto m ary fo r the b ride s ’

.

“ ”
m other to iss u e cards fo r a n A t Ho m e o n the
afternoon prev iou s to the wedd ing day that frien ds ,

a nd acqu a in t a n ces w ho are no t inv ited to the

m orro w s cere m o ny m ay see the prese nts and
’

b id good bye to the bride -

.

T h e g u ests wh o have bee n in v ited to stay in the

ho u se arriv e so m e tim e d u ring the prev io u s day .

“ ”
The b ridegroo m a nd h is best m a n also m ake
the ir appeara nce bu t a re o nly gu ests fo r the eve n,

ing as it is n o t c u sto m ary fo r them to re m ain in

,

the ho u se o f the br ide s father the night be fore the ’

w edd ing There is u s u ally a d inn e r party a nd

.
-

so m et im es th is eve nin g is chose n fo r the s ign ing o f

the m arriage settle m e nts With what a nxiety is the .

w eather w atched — that grea t adj u n ct or dra w back

to every fest iv ity Well wheth er fo g ra in th u nder , , , ,

o r s u nsh in e prevail the cere m o ny m u st take place , ,

a nd with in a c irc u m scribed t im e too People creep .

as n ear to the e nd o f th is prescrib ed tim e as they

poss ibly c a n u nt il som et im es it is q u ite pa in fu l as
,

w ell as exc it in g to w it ness the race bet wee n parson

a nd clock The la w is ve ry strict o n th is qu est io n
.

o f t im e a nd seve re indeed is the p u nish m e n t if its

,

bo u nds a re overstepped Hear it s ste rn order to .

the o ffic iat ing priest The rite o f m arr iage is to

be per for m ed bet wee n the prescribed ho u rs u pon ,

pa in o f su s pe n s ion a nd felo ny w ith fou rtee n years ’

”
transpo rtat io n .

U ntil a rece nt date the hou rs apportio n ed fo r the

celebratio n o f the rite o f m arr iage w ere fro m eight
a m to the ho u r o f n oo n A welco m e e xte ns io n o f
. . .
 M A R R I A GE . 101

t im e h a s lately bee n gra nted a nd n o w the ce rem on y ,

m a y take p lace a t a n y t im e betw ee n e ight a m a nd .

th ree p m These a dded hou rs have altere d the

.

hom e a rra nge m e nts in so m e respects The break .

fast ba n q u et is be ing g rad u ally b a n ished a nd its ,

place is o fte n take n by a n elaborate a ft ern oon tea

at fo u r o clock H al f past two o clock is n o w t h e
’
.
-
’

fash io n able ho u r fo r w edd ings to take place .

The bride u s u ally b reak fasts in h er o w n room ,

a nd m ee ts the br idegroo m fo r t h e fi rst t im e that day

_

”
at the a lta r w here b e w ith his best m a n shou ld
, , ,

be w ait ing to rece ive her A ll c o ntretenzps o n these .

occ as io ns a re pa rtic u larly aw kw ard a n d u nco m fort

able so w e w o u ld im press the d u ty o f p u n ct ual ity
,

o n eve ry o n e co n ce rne d The gu ests d rive fi rst to

.

t he ch u rch a n d tak e the ir seats in the cha n cel

, .

The br ides m a ids follow a n d take u p the ir p os itio n

,

at the ch u rch door The br idegroo m is m ean

.

wh ile w a it in g a t the al tar s u ppo rted by the ,

“ ”
best m a n A m u rm u r a n d h u m heard o u ts ide
.

tell that the princ ipal p erso na ge o f the da y is

com ing The bride sm aids fo rm a n ave nu e ; the
.

bride lean ing o n the a rm o f h er fathe r or gu ard ia n

, ,

pas ses thro u gh the brid esm aids close in an d t h e

, ,

process io n m oves u p the a isle The b ride stands .

o n the le ft ha n d o f t h e br idegroo m w ith h er ch ie f ,

m a id o f ho n o u r n ear her ready to ta ke b o u q u et a nd

,

gloves whe n the t im e arrives fo r p u tt ing o n the

m u g.

Ou r n ewlygran dm ot h e rs w ere heart ily

wedded
kissed as soo n as the se rvice wa s co ncl u de d by
, ,

the ir h u sba nd a nd rel at ives n ew a n d old Our ,

.

m others w ere m ore pru d is h a n d w a ited fo r the ,

secl u s io n o f the vestry be fore o fl ering t h e ir fair

cheeks ; the ir dau ghters h ave a bol ished th e
10 2 G OOD S O CI E T Y .

c ere m o ny altogether O u r gra nd fathe rs

. w ere
ador ned w ith h u ge rosettes w h ich they c alled
“ ”
tru e love k n ots m a de o f var iou s colo u red rib
-

bo ns carnat io n a n d w h ite gold a n d s ilver ; th es e

, ,

they w ore o n the ir hats both o n the ir nu pt ial ,

day a nd fo r seve ral w eeks a fter O u r fa thers w ore .

s m aller o nes o f wh ite p inned o n the breast o f the ir

“
c o ats w h ich they called favo u rs
,
The ir so n s do .

n o t exh ib it these decora t io ns w h ich o n ly appea r ,

o n serva n ts in these days .

A ltogether n o t so m u ch st ir is no w m a de at a
,

w edd ing Eve n the se nd ing o f cards to frie n ds h a s

.

bee n aba ndo ned .

I n the co u n try a b ride s fi rs t appeara nce in a

’

,
”
ch u rch is taken as a S ign th a t she is A t Ho m e .

The old c u sto m o f o ffering w ine to vis itors o n t h e

occas ion o f the ir first call u pon the bride 15 no w n o
lo nger observed 1n e ithe r to wn o r co u ntry S tn a ll .

pieces o f b ridecake a nd tea are o fl ered .

A t the co ncl u s io n o f the serv ice t h e b r ide ?a nd

brid egroom proceed first to the vestry where th e ,

re gister has to be filled in by the clergy m a n a n d ,

s ig ned by the n e wly m arrie d pair together w ith t wo

-

o r th ree w it n e sses the p rincipal brides m a id a nd

,
“ ”
b est m a n b eing ge ne ra lly the attesting part ies
u po n the latter also devolves the d u ty o f dis
trib u t ing the fee s .

The cere m o nial o f the Ch u rch o f E nglan d h a s

alo n e bee n selected as a n exam ple a nd tho u gh ,

there are other w ays o f perform ing th is rite u se d

by other de no m inat io ns the social u sages are in
,

all cases the sam e The happy cou ple leave th e

.

c hu rch first follo w ed soo n a fter b y the bride s

,
’

m other in order that she m a y b e at h o m e to

,

rece ive the gu ests wh o ret u rn in the order in

,
 10 3

whic h they wen t A s they arrive th ey are u shered

.

in to the drawin g room when they shake hands with

-

the b ride a n d bridegroo m a nd offer them their ,

co n gra t u lat io ns a n d th en ge n erally t u rn the ir a t

,
~

te n t io n to the prese n ts wh ich shou ld be exh ibited

,

o n tables set a p a rt fo r th is spec ial u se The form al .

repast or in form al tea wh ichever m a y have been

, ,

dec ided u pon tak e s place abou t hal f a n ho u r after

,

th e ret u rn fro m ch u rch .

I n t h e se m o der n t im es the bride som etim es does

no t appear at the fo rm al ba n qu et S u ch retire .
,

m en t o n her part al ways ca u ses d isappo in t m e nt to

the gu ests I f she is presen t the n e wly m arried

.
,
-

pa ir sit side by s ide I f the table be a lo ng

.

o n e they are placed o n o n e s ide

,
if o f the horse
shoe shape w h ich is considerably the best they are
, ,

at the apex The m other o f the bride occ u p ies

.

th e seat o n the bridegroo m s right ha nd the father

’
,

o f the bride t h at o n her le ft ha nd The b rides .

m a ids are seated im m ed iately oppos ite The .

ted io u s c u sto m o f propos ing a series o f toasts at a

w edd ing breakfast has b ee n s u ppressed by the
com m o n se nse o f m oder n t im es ; a nd even the
-

bre a k fas t itsel f no w o fte n is su perseded by after

n oo n tea a nd l ight re fresh m e nts especially ,

w he n the w edd ing takes place at the fash io nable

a nd co m m od io u s ho u r o f hal f past t wo in th e -

after noo n It is the bride s d u ty to c u t the cake

.
’
.

O f cou rse a n in c isio n sho u ld previo u sly be m ade .

A k n ife is ha nde d to her wh ich she p u ts in the ,

cle ft a nd s u cceeds in gett ing a sl ice o n to a plate

,
.

Th is is c u t into sm all pieces a nd handed rou nd ,

a nd everybody is expected to partake .

A t t h e co ncl u s io n o f the repast the bride retires

to her roo m to cha nge her dress and do n h er
104 G OOD S O CI E T Y .

tra vel ling cost u m e The ho u r o f depart u re is a l

.

wa ys a try ing o ne Cha rles Lam b in describing a

.
,

w e dd ing says , I t re m bled fo rthe ho u r w h ich a t

le ngth appro a ched w he n a fter a protracted break
, ,
—
fast o f th ree ho u rs if stores o f cold fo wls to ngu es , ,

botargoes fr uits win es a n d cord ials c a n deserv e

, , ,
—
so m ea gre a n appellat io n the coach was a n
n o u n c ed w h ich wa s to c a rry o ff the b r ide a n d
b ridegro o m The ch ie f pe rfor m ers in the m orning
.

pagean t van ished w e idly b ent o u r eyes u p o n o ne

,

a noth er No o ne k n ew w h ether to take the ir leave

.

or stay . No m e ntion is here m ade o f thro w in g

old s h oes thou gh it is a c u sto m w h ich has be e n
,

lo ng esta bl ished a nd o n e w h ich royalty d o es n o t

,

d isdain to u se at t he prese nt day It is sa id to .

have b ee n a sym bol o f re nu nc iat io n o n the part ,

o f t h e br ide s father o f all a u tho rity a nd do m inio n

’
,

over her No w it is m erely rega rded as w ish in g

.

go o d l u ck and a ve nt fo r the feel ings co nse q u e n t

,

o n sep arat io n ; as is al so rice w h ic h is n o w fre ,

q u ently s h o wered in great pro fu s io n over th e

cou ple Those g u ests who are no t stay ing in
.

the ho u se o r wh o are no t st rictly speak ing

, , ,

p a rt o f th e w e dd ing party sho u ld take t he ir ,

leave d irectly a fter the depart u re o f the happy

co u ple It is rathe r a ta x u pon t he e n tertainers
.

to pro v ide am u se m e nts a nd keep the spirit s

o f th e p a rt y fro m fl ag ging thro u ghou t th is lo ng ,

lo ng day The wisest th ing to do is to se nd all

.

the yo u ng people fo r a drive L aw n te nn is is .

-

rat h er a fat igu ing pastim e after a wedd ing a n d it ,

keeps the gu ests w ithou t cha nge o f sce ne all da y

n evertheless there a re e n th u s iasts w h o pre fer a
ga m e o f th is descr ipt io n to the m ore pass ive ple a
su re o f a d rive It 15 well o n these occas ion s to kee p
.
 M A RR I A G E . 1 05

a ll the yo u ng people together as m u ch a s poss ible .

T h e elder o n es are glad to rest in the ir roo m s or ,

disc u ss the eve nts o f th e da y am o ng t he m selves in

de s u lto ry ch it chat a nd t h u s spe nd the ho u rs u n t il
-

dinn er at w h ich all t h e v is itors collect again

, .

Later in th e eve ning a ball or eve ning party is

o fte n give n in honou r o f th e even t a nd to th is
,

e n te rt a in m e n t as m a n y p eople shou ld be in v ited as

p o ss ible, if it is to pass o ff with éda t ; fo r fro m o u r

,

e x pe rie nce those wh o have bee n in a stat e o f ex

,

c it em en t d u ring so m a ny ho u rs ca n n ot keep u
p
t h e ir sp ir its a n d thos e o f the ir ho m e gu es t s u nless
t h e y h ave the h e lp o f a fresh an d m erry co m pany .
 C H A PTE R V I II .

H OU S E H O L D A PPO I N T M E NT S .

I m m ens eNu m b er a nd Va riety o f H o u seh o ld A ppo int m en ts

A Go d M n e r— S t le ro e r f r t h e diff re n t Ro o s
o a a
g y s p p o e m ,

B reakfa s t , D in ing, a nd D ra w ing Ro o m s A ga ins t -

B est
Ro o m s — T e m pe ra tu re o f Ro o m s —La y ing th e T a ble
List o f Requ isites fo r Enterta ining T welv e Peo ple .

’
I o ft en w is h d t ha t I h a d c lea r
Fo r life s ix h u ndred po u nds a y ea r ,

A h a ndso m e h o u se to lo dge a frie nd,

' "
A riv e r a t m y ga rden s e nd.

THE above des ire w ill b e regarded as a pa rt ic u larly

m o dest o ne in these a m bit io u s days W he n a .

s im ilar w ish is brea thed in th is ninetee nth ce n tu ry ,

“ ”
w e fear that the w o rd thou sands sta nds som e
t im es whe re h u ndreds does in the original .

With the rap id strid es o f c ivil isat io n a nd re fine

m e n t co m es the lo v e o f l ux u ry a nd the des ire fo r

m ea n s to grat ify it The n too te m ptation s ab o u nd

.
, ,

o n every s ide I nvent io n has m u lt ipl ied to a

.

w o n derfu l exte n t all the s u p posed req u ire m e n t s o f

a hou sehold a nd a rt has adorned with grace a nd
,

elega nce all the com m o nplace rou t ine o f l ife T o .

fu r nish a ho u se what a task —w hat a pleasan t a s

,

well as b e w ilde ring task b e w ilderin g beca u s e o f t h e

,

great variety o ffered fo r cho ice .

 H O U S E H OL I ) A PPOI N T M E N TS . 10 7

Wh a t a nu m ber o f th ings a re no w co ns idered

absol u tely requ is ite that w ere u n d rea m t o f a fe w
“ ”
years a go A ll the appo in tm en ts a dd m aterially
to t h e cares o f the hou sekeeper a nd thou gh w e are ,

told that to the lad ies o f the seven tee nth c e n t ury the
s u perin te nde nce o f the ir hou sehold was a labou r o f
great exte nt a nd re spo ns ib il ity o wing to the oste n ,

ta t io u s d isplay m a de at t h e freq u e n t ba n q u ets st ill ,

w e say the task o f o n e s ho u sek eepe r in the prese nt

’

da y is n o l ight o n e The varied m in u tiae wh ich

.

enc u m b er eve ry depa rtm e nt req u ire t h e atte n t ion

o f the m ist ress h o w ever good a n d w ell tra ined h er
,

serva n ts m a y be u nless she c a n afford to have a

,

hou sekeeper I n a properly con du cted ho u sehold

.
-

the m ach in ery will be w ell looked after a n d al ways ,

work o u t o f s ight a n d th is appl ies to ho u seholds

,

o f every s ize It is qu ite a m ista ke to s u ppose

.

that a large staff o f serva nts is necessary fo r c o m

fort a nd perfect service I n a s m all hou se it ofte n
.

happe ns that the serv a nts o nly get in o n e a nother s ’

wa y . The whole m atter l ies in the proper m anage

m en t o f the forces u n der co m m a nd Order a nd .

m et h od are g ifts as bea u ty a nd geniu s are

,
No .

two th ings d iffer m ore tha n h u rry a nd d ispatch .

H u rry is the sig n o f a w eak m ind a nd d ispatch ,

”
that o f a strong o n e A good m a nager w ill
.

n ever m ake a n oste n tat io u s d ispl a y o f her d u t ies .

Though no t req u ired as her g reat grand m others

,
-

w ere , to atte nd to the c u l inary departm e nt in

perso n the lady o f the hou se w ill , fro m her o wn
,
“
s t o c k o f kn o wledge detect the why a nd the
,

w h ere fore o f a ny l ittle m ischa n ce or fa il u re c o m

m it ted by cook ho u se m a id or foot m a n

,
T h is fau lt
,
.

C o lto n .
1 08 G OOD S O CI E T Y .

or e rror w ill n o t be corrected or spoken o f in

co m pa n y bu t a fterwards w h e n no o ne is by th e
, , ,

m istress w ill speak o f w hat has go ne w ro ng .

I f she p res ides over a large establ ish m e n t s h e ,

w ill sa nct io n no great parade o f wealth if o v e r a .

sm all o ne let her re m e m ber that to m anage a l ittle

,

w ell is a great m erit He is a good wagoner that

.

c a n t u rn in a l itt le roo m .

It is n o t m y inte n tio n to spec ify the particu lars

o f t h e fu rn it u re o f each roo m bu t s im pl y to sa y ,

what the ir general appeara nce sho u ld be Eac h .

apart m e nt sho u ld p rese n t a d ist inct iv e feat u re a nd ,

that o f co u rse a co m ortable d pleasing o ne in

f a n —
fact a ho u se sho u ld be so fu rn ished that eac h roo m
,

in wh ich we sit shou ld in t u rn appear to u s to b e ,

fo r the t im e be ing the pleasa ntest roo m in t h e

,

place The inte rior shou ld m atc h the exterior in

.

style a nd character Mass ive old fash io ned fu rn i

.
-

t u re ho wever costly will n eve r look w ell in a

, ,

m oder n v illa Ne ither w ill new fash ion ed appo in t

.
-

m e n ts look so w el l in a n old hou se b u t th is last is

no t so m u ch to be avo ided as the fo rm er Ta ste .
,

w e are told is ,

—
disc ern ing se nse
a
O f dec e nt a nd s u b lim e , w it h u ic k dis gu s tq
Fro m t h ings defo rm ed o r disa rra nged. s z de.
’

A km

m nin
The or g roo m shou ld be cheerfu l a nd s u n
-

sh iny a nd w ear a do m estic cosy look It is n o t

, , .

fitted u p w ith a ny part icu lar sty le o f fu r n itu re T he .

c u rtains a nd covers will be o f so m e k ind o f sm all

pa tterned Ch intz or creton ne w ith a ca rpet to ,

m a tch Noth ing very grand or very new sho u l d

.

find its w a y into th is apartm e n t— noth ing s tifl o r

'

form al Tables here a nd there a nd chairs o f

.
,
 H O U S E H OL D A PPOI N TM E N TS . 1 09

d iffere n t sorts a nd s izes a sta n d w ith pla nts a , ,

s m all ,
—
p iano a lo w book case these a re the -

princ ipal featu res in a roo m o f th is descript io n 3 ,

ge n era l t idy O és/za bzlle pe rvad ing the whole

'
’
.

T h e fittings a nd fu rnit u re o f the d ining roo m -

m u st be q u iet a nd su bsta n tial b u t no t too ,

elaborate The m ost pro m ine nt fe a t u re is the

.

s ideboard The d ining table u sed to rank h igh in

.
-

bea u ty an d fi n ish bu t no w that is l ittle cared fo r

,

a nd prov ided the top be a broa d o ne it m a y be

, ,

o f wh ite or a ny k in d o f w ood in these dege n e rate ,

days whe n the clo t h is n ever re m oved fo r dessert .

The carpet a nd d ra pe ry o f th is roo m sho u ld be

dark yet warm a nd br ight look ing a nd the re m u st
,
-

be n o cro wd o f orna m ents save p ict u res e ither ,

o il pa in t ings or e n grav ings — “

a roo m h u ng with
”
p ictu res is a room h u ng w it h thou ghts .

The library presen ts ge ne rally a so m bre aspect

its w alls are l ined w ith lo fty boo k shelves a n d t wo -

or three tables fo r the p u rposes o f hol ding writing

m ater ials pa m phlets and pape rs a re pu t in c o n
, , ,

v enie n t pos it io n s .

A nd n o w w e e n ter the roo m wh ich tho u gh m ost ,

perso n s try the ir best so few s ucce ed in fu rnish ing

,

a nd arra ng in g taste fu lly fo r a fter all the arrange , ,

m e nt o f the fu r nit u re adds greatly to or takes a way

fro m the appeara n ce o f a d raw in g roo m Th is is pa r -
.
,

ex c ellen c e the lady s oo m

r — u n le s s the ho u se is large
’
,
—
e no u gh to afford her a bo u do ir a n d the character
o f the lady hersel f m a y be told by inspect ing that o n e

roo m H o w very s eldo m w e see the m odel draw ing

.

roo m ! No u pholsterer s ro u t in e work shou ld be ’

visible here in st iff su ites o f fu rnitu re (except in

c a s e o f a d rawing roo m reser v ed fo r spec ial occa
-

s io n s) elega nt refi ne m ent sho u ld re ig n pre do m inant ,

rt o G OOD S OC I E T Y .

cheerfu l ness shou ld go ha n d in ha n d with tas te Easy .

cha irs are here a sine q u d no n There see m s to be .

a n at u ral a ffinity betw ee n c ivil ised be ings a nd easy

chairs fo r everybody sec u res o ne where possible ;
,

there fore let the m predo m inate in the dra wing

roo m — som e with h igh back s a nd so m e wit h lo w ,

so m e with straight backs a nd som e with rou n d in ,

a ll n ooks a n d cor n e rs Tables m u st be placed

.

here there a nd every where a n d yet no t see m in

, , ,

the wa y flo wers o r pla nts in vases scattered ,

abou t a nd a variety o f ornam e nts s im ple or

, ,

costly as the case m a y b e bu t no t too great

, ,

a cro wd B u t the dra wing roo m will n o t be

.
-

co m plete no r yet have its p rope rly co m fo rta b le

,

look abou t it u nless th ere are p le n ty o f books to

,

be fo u nd o n the ta bles a nd these sho u ld be read

,

able a nd ente rta ining vol u m es o f prose a nd poetry ,

illu strated works a n d m agaz ines w h ich w il l no t

, ,

o nly ser v e the ir orig inal p u rpose b ut also s u pply ,

s u bjects fo r co nversat io n at a ll t im es an d m ore ,

’
especially d u ring t hat m rm w is q u a rt d fieu re w h ich
precedes a d inner .

The greatest cha rm in s u ch a roo m is that it ,

im presse s yo u w ith th e fe el ing that it is a resort c o n

sta nt ly occ u p ied u sed a nd e njoyed by t h e lady o f
, ,

the ho u se There is so m eth ing in de finable w h ich

.
,

ch ills a nd depresses o ne o n e n tering a roo m o nly

,

u sed o n very state occas io n s — a roo m that is j u st in

habited wh ile rece iving vis itors ; a roo m where the “

fire iro ns a re arra nged in st ill angles ; w here every

-

appl ia nce is in for m al array a nd evide ntly n ever ex,

erc is ed in da ily w ear ; whe re the tables are geo m et

ric a lly st u dded with s m a rtly bo u nd u n read vol u m es
-

a nd the prim co u ch a n d st iff cha irs look as if t hey

w e re m ea n t fo r a nyth ing bu t to h e sat u po n .

 H O U S E H O L D A PPOI N TM E N TS . rrI

Fa m ily com fort a nd e njoy m e nt lie dead in a room

o f th is descr ipt io n. Th is idea o nce so prevale nt
, ,
“ ”
o f ha ving a best room is less ge neral n o wadays .

It is a p iece o f folly a nd bad taste wh ich has ofte n

been decried A wr iter to the Con n oisseu r corn
.

“
pla ins : I have elegant apart m e nts bu t a m afraid ,

to e n ter the m . A ll the fur nit u re except w he n ,

we have co m pan y is do n e u p in paper ; it is so

,

ge n teel that we o f the hou sehold m u s t n o t u se it

com m o nly wh ich I cons ide r a rid ic u lo us abs u rd ity
,
”
a nd a great hardsh ip .

To en s u re co m fort in th is a n d all roo m s care ,

sho u ld be take n tha t they a re equ ably heated ,

ne ither too hot n o r too cold so that o ne is no t

roasted by the fire o n o n e s ide a nd froze n by a cold
dra u ght o f a ir o n the other Francis so m et im e
.
,

Em peror o f A u st ria said that it requ ired as m u ch

,
'

tale nt to warm a room as to gove rn a k ingdo m .

Of co u rse part o f that ta le n t m u st b e s u ppl ied by

the arch itect ; bu t j u d ic iou s m anagem e nt is a lso
req u ired to prese rve the equ ab il ity a nd a roo m
fu ll o f people w ill beco m e irrevocably depressed
a n d gl u m w he n they a re h al f st ifle d w ith heat or
-

sh ive ring w ith cold .

I n co m m e n c ing ho u sekeep ing nov ic es are o ften,

in a d iffic u lty h o w to a sce rtain t h e nu m ber o f th ings

—
req u is ite the a m o u nt o f s ilve r gl a ss a nd ch ina , ,

n ecessa ry fo r d in ner p a rt ies fo r ins ta nce

-

, I there .

fo re appe n d a l ist s u ppos ing t w elve to be the

,

grea tes t n u m ber o f g u ests in v ited ; o f co u rse it is

easy to calc u late h o w m a ny m ore sets w o u ld be
requ ired sho uld the nu m ber o f gu ests be increased ,

o r to leave o u t m a ny a rt icles s u ch as ic e plates a n d

,
-

spoo n s, &c w h ich m ight be co n s idered s u per

fluit ies in so m e ho u seholds Be fore writ ing do wn
.
1 1 2 G OOD S O CI E T Y .

the l ist I m u st im press o n yo u ng ho u sekeepers th e

,
—
fact a nd it is o n e that needs re m e m ber in g that— ,

howe v e r costly a nd varied the viands n o d inner ,

table w il l ev er look w ell u nless n ea t ness a nd re fine

m e n t are d isplayed in t h e m inor deta ils V ery .

m u c h depe n ds o n there be ing a fin e wh ite l in e n

dam ask cloth w itho u t crea se or cru m ple placed

, ,

very exactly o n the table Y o u ca n not be too .

for m al or too prim in lay ing o ut a table The glass .

m u st b e c u t cl u m sy m o u lded glass ) w ith o u t

(n o t ,

fleck or fla w brigh t a n d clear the s ilver cle a n a nd

,

pol ished to its u t m ost exte nt ; a nd a cle ver w a iter

or neat ha nded wa itress Neat a nd t idy se rv a nts
-
.

are esse ntia l to the cred it o f a h ou sehold d irty a n d

slo v e nly atte ndants stam p it with v ulgarity T he .

black battle stain o n a sold ier s face is no t v u lgar

-
’
,
”
bu t the d irty face o f a ho u se m a id is s ays R u sk in ,
.

LI S T O F T A B LE FU R N I T U R E N EC ES S A RY FO R E N T E R

T A I N I N G A PA RT Y O F T W E L V E .

Fo u r doze n forks (the m ed iu m s ize is no w u sed ) ,

o ne doze n table spoo ns three doze n des sert , ,

o ne doze n te a sp o o ns t wo gra vy spoo n s s ix sa u c e

, ,

lad les o n e doze n fish k n ives a nd forks e igh t o r

, ,

t welve sa lts a nd spoo ns e ightee n dessert k nives ,

a nd fo rks so u p ladle
, fish sl ice asp aragu s to ngs
, , ,

t welve ic e spoo ns grape sc issors s ix gilt spoo ns

, ,

fo r desse rt d ishes .

l
G a s
s — T w o doze n t u m bl ers o n e doze n po rt ,

glasses t wo doze n she rry o ne doze n h ock t w o

, , ,

doze n claret o ne doze n cham pag ne o ne doz en

, ,

finger glasses o n e doze n ic e plates glass j ug a n d t wo

-

, ,

g oblets ,
s ix cara fes w it h t u m bl e rs to m atch fo ur ,
 H O U S E H OL D A PPOI N TM E N TS . 1 1 3

decan te rs claret ju g ic e pail a nd tongs e ightee n

,
-

,
-

d e sse rt plates a n d six d ishes .

Ta b/e L inen — T welve table clot h s (six ord in ary

-

s ize a n d s ix la rger) six lo ng sl ips an d six short

,

o n es fo r s ides a n d e n ds o f table t wo doze n d inn er

,

n ap k in s to m a tch d in n er cloths in pat te rn s ix lo n g ,

n ar ro w cloths fo r s ideboard six b reak fast cloths

, ,

one dozen b rea k fast nap kins o ne doze n fish ,

n apk in s o ne doze n n apk ins fo r pastry a nd cheese

, ,

a n d t w o doze n d oyleys
’
.
 C HA PTE R I X .

B REA K FA S TS .

Ea t ing a n d D rinking—B rea k fas ts in pa rtic u la r— B re a k fa sts in

t h e O lde n T im e— B rea k fasts o f th e Pres en t D a y H o w to
e h
s t t e T a b e, a d w h
l n a t t pu t
o o n i —
t W edding B re a kf ast
H u nt a nd S po rtsm en s B rea kfa st— B rea k fa st D ish es fo r th e
’

D ifferent S ea so ns .

A nd t h en t o b rea kfa st W it h
W h a t a ppet ite y o u h a v e
.

E A T I NG and drinking are as we wel l kn ow a n

, ,

absol u te necess ity if we des ire to keep l ife w ith in

u s a nd these crazy fra m es o f o u rs together We .

“
are told repeated ly to eat to l ive a nd n o t l iv e ,

to eat — a n excelle n t p recept a n d o ne w h ich w e

,

sho u ld do wel l to keep in m in d if we w ish fo r le n gt h

o f days . It has bee n calc u l a ted that pres u m in g a ,

m a n has fo u r m eals a day reg u la rly he partak e s ,

d u ring the year o f repasts ; a nd that if h e

l ives to th e age o f sixty fiv e years he w ill have c o n
-

s u m ed a flock o f 3 50 sheep a nd t h ose fo r d inne r

,

alon e a n d above th irty to n s o f l iqu ids a nd sol ids

, .

A n alar m ing co m p u tat io n t ru ly ; bu t fu el m u st be

su ppl ie d if the m ach inery is to be kept go ing .

Ven ter p rr p
eee t a no n a u dit p oseit pp a ella t .

N on est ta m en m oles t a s c redito r p a rvo i

rim itt it u r,
 B RE A K FA 5 719 . r1 5

s i m o doda s il/i q u od defies, no n q u od potes, says

S e neca (The sto m ac h l iste n s to n o precep t s : it
begs a nd cla m o u rs A nd y et it is n o t a n obd u rate
.

cred itor ; it is d is m issed w ith a s m all pay m e nt, if

only y o u g ive it w h a t yo u o we, a nd n o t as m u ch as
y o u can ) .

Th is chapter w ill be d e vot ed to the s u bject o f

b reak fasts alo n e ; the other m eals will be t reated
each in the ir o rde r .

Break fast is alw ays a pleasan t m eal b oth in ,

win ter a n d s u m m e r sprin g a n d a u t u m n ; each

,

season brings its part ic u lar e njoym e nt W h o will .

“
no t jo in w it h the w riter w ho says that the re is a
del ightfu l m ixt u re o f the l ively a n d the s n u g in
co m in g into on e s bre a k fast roo m o f a cold m orning
’
-

a nd see ing eve ryt h in g prepared fo r u s — a blaz in g

grate (o ne o f the fi rst req u is ites fo r e njoy m e n t at

that pe riod o f the day a nd seaso n is a good fire) a ,

clea n table cloth a n d tea th ings together w ith

- -

te m pt ing viands S pread thereo n ? A nd if w e be

alo n e is it no t certa inly a del ic io u s th ing to resu m e
,

a n e n terta inin g book at a part ic u larly in te rest in g

pass age w ith a hot c u p o f tea at o ne s elbow a nd

,
’
,

a p iece o f b u tte red toast in on e s ha nd ? The fi rst ’

look at the page accom pan ied by a c c existe n t b ite

,
”
o f the toast co m es u nde r the head o f in te n s it ies
, ,

says t h is e nth u s iast A nd then in su m m er to en t er

.

a s u n n y cheerfu l roo m (a break fast roo m sho u ld

, ,

if poss ible be so s it u ated as to catch the early ra ys

,

o f the s u n ) w ith its w ide ope n w indo w th ro u gh

,
-

w h ich e n ters the coo l fresh m or ning a ir the sce n t

, ,

o f flo w e rs a n d the so ng o f the b irds ; the table

p rettily decked wit h b u ds a n d blossom s ; l u sc io u s ,

te m pt ing fru it ly ing perdu in n ests o f gree n leaves ;

crisp rolls a nd golde n b u tter together w it h th e ,

H 2
1 r6 G OOD S O CI E T Y .

m ore s u bst antial d ishes wh ic h look q u ite ab le to

,

sta nd a v igoro u s attack H o w cosy a nd nice a nd , ,

e njoyable all th is is ! a nd the n added to these

extern al sou rces o f pleas u re there is that m ost po wer
fu l s pring o f happ in ess o f all the in na te se n se o f ,

fresh n ess a n d v igo u r wh ich m ost people feel at that

ho u r o f the day whe n a n igh t s rest has re freshed
,
’

t ired bod ies a nd soothed weary m inds Yes .

,

w hether we jo in the gathe ring ro u nd o u r table o ne

o f m a ny or s it do wn to it a sol itary bachelo r or a
,

secl u ded old m aid the b re ak fas t ho u r is a ple a sant

,

o ne. S yd ney S m ith l iked b reak fast parties be c a u se , ,

he sa id n o o ne was co nce ited before o ne o clock in

,
’

the day B u t in these m o dern tim es the hou rs creep

.

o n later a nd l ater a nd a m e al at fo u r pm
,
is called .

“
a b reak fa s t We t rus t that those wh o partake
.
”

h ave in real ity b roke n t h e ir fas t at a m u ch earl ier

ho u r a nd tha t the term is m erely a m is no m er
, .

A s so o n a s Ph oeb u s t a
’
s inspec t u s .
Firs t , s ir I rea d a nd t
, , en t o b rea k fa s t.
”

That was the old c u sto m a nd there is a desc rip ,

t io n in a n old book o f t wo n oble m e n who says ,

“
the chro nicler rose with th e su n as w as t h e
, ,

c u sto m ; a nd afte r they had washed dress ed a nd , ,

p ra yed a n atte nda nt placed b efore the m a very

,

la rge pasty u p o n a wh ite n apk in a nd b ro u ght the m

, ,

w ine the n said to the m in fa ire words l ike a m a n

, ,

o f se nse : S irs yo u shall eat if it please y o u fo r

, ,

e a ting early in the m orn ing b rings grea t h ealth .

’

Q uite a prim itive m ode o f break fast ing bu t w hat wa s ,

t h e n u s u al The v iands a n d beverages placed o n

.

the tables o f o u r a ncesto rs ca m e u nder the desig

n at io n o f pla in ple nty no l u x u r ies no var iety o f ,

d ishes appeared o n the ir boards and the follo wing ,

 B R E A KFA S TS . r1 7

is a fa ir sa m ple o f a n ord ina ry bre a k fast M y lord

”
has o n h is ta ble at seve n o clock (n ot ice th e hou r
’

“
is creepin g n earer to n o o n ) a qu a rt o f beer a nd
w ine t wo p ieces o f salt fish six red herr ings a n d
‘

, ,

fo u r w h ite o n es a n d o n fle s h d ay s hal f a ch ine o f

,
”
bee f or m u t to n bo iled B ee f a n d b rawn herrings
.
,

a nd sp rats see m to hav e b ee n the sta ple d ishes ;

,

a nd do u btless these h ea v y m e a ls w ere very has tily

d ispa tched by the good o ld E ngl ish ge n tl em en .

They had no letters to rea d no ne w sp apers to ,

begu ile the m Booted a n d sp u rred eq u ipped fo r

.
,

the chase they q u a ffed th eir cu ps o f m al m sey o r

,

bee r c u t the ir h u nches o f br ead a nd m eat in the

,

m a n n er o f the m od ern plo u gh boy and hav in g , ,

eate n heart ily a nd h a s tily w o u ld r ide away fo r the

,

day throu gh wood a nd field or ov er do wn a n d ,

fell . The fra gan t odou r o f co ffee had no t bee n

inhaled by the m a nd t h ey w e re total stra ngers t o
,

the great bever ge oa f o u r im —

t e tea ; fo r n o t u nt il
the close o f t h e seven teen th ce nt u ry did th e
berry fro m Mocha a nd the leaves from Ch ina
m ake t he ir app eara n ce o n E nglish bre a k fast t ables

a n d the c irc u m sta n ce o f a yo u n g m a n at Ox fo rd

drink ing co ffee is recorded as o n e wor thy o f t e

m em bra n c e.
Bu t e no u gh no w o f the days t h at a re pa st L et .

u s t u r n to those wh ich a re be fo re u s ; a n d a t the

r isk o f being dee m ed part ial I m u st say that o u r ,

b reak fast t ables a re m ore inv it ing a nd prese n t a

m o re elega n t appeara n ce tha n did t hose o f o u r

m o re barbarou s if m ore ch ival ro u s ancestors

, ,
.

Del ica t e a n d refi ned hab its o f ea t ing h ave replaced

the coars e feed ing o f the M iddle A ges .

The b reak fast ta ble is ve ry co m m o nly a rou nd o ne ,

bu t if the d in ing roo m is u se d as is o fte n t h e c a se

,
1 1 8 G OOD S OCI E TY .

wh en there is a large party o f gu es ts the m istress of ,

the hou se o ften occu p ies the seat at table take n by the
m aster at d in n er Be fore her are the tea a nd co ffee
.

equ ipa ge the c u ps a nd sau cers close at hand next ,

the tea a nd co ffee pots s ugar bas in crea m jug &c , , ,

.

I n the ce n tre o f the table th ere sho u ld be a vase o f

flo we rs ; in s u m m er a ch ina b owl o f freshly gathered -

roses or a bu nch o f wild flo w ers is a p retty o m a

, ,

m e n t ; later in the y ear a deep plate filled with

m oss a nd stu dded wit h asters dahl ias o r C h ry sa n
, , ,

t h em u m s has a good e ffect ; at other se a so n s a

,
—
fres h gree n ern a nyth ing w h ich adds b righ tn ess
f
a nd grace to the table bu t at the sa m e tim e is no t ,

stiff a nd form al The arra nge m e n t o f flo wers fo r

.

a b reak fast table sho u ld never be so stu d ied or

for m al as th at fo r a d inn er table n o r eve n as the ,

dra wing roo m bo u qu ets They shou ld possess the

-
.

d ist inct ive featu re o f elega n t n egl ige n ce a nd sim

p lic ity Fr u.its fla nk the flo w ers a n d are placed ,

o n d ishes wh ic h m atch the t ea serv ice The n the .

variou s eatables — s u ch as eggs potted m eats fish , , ,

&c .
— are placed u p a nd do wn the table a nd a re ,

interspersed with racks o f dry toast hot rolls tea , ,

cakes a nd m u flins s m all loaves o f bro wn a nd wh ite

, ,

bread and dainty pats o f b u tter w ith in the reach o f

,

every o ne The m ore s u bstan tial d ishes su ch as

.
—
,
—
ham s to ngu es and p ies a re u su ally placed o n a
,

w h ite cloth o n the s ideboard ; a nd at a n ord in ary

break fast the ge ntle m en help the m selves a nd the
lad ies also Fish is placed u po n the table a n d so
.
,

are the hot d ishes su ch as k id neys m u shroom s or, , ,

fried baco n Be fore each person is set a ch ina

.

pl ate l ike the breakfast service on wh ich is placed a ,

nap k in a nd a k nife a nd fo rk bes ide it Th is plate is .

used fo r b u tter b read or toast ,

The plates fo rthe
, .
 B R E A K FA S TS . 1 r9

m eats are placed in sm all p iles before each dish o n

the s ideboa rd so that at b reak fast t w o plates are
,

u sed at t h e sa m e t im e t h e s m aller o n e is kept th e ,

other changed w ith each cou rse I n Fra nce th e .

sed to be co e ced ith

’
de j eun er u m m n w a n eg A .

bo iled egg was placed be fore every body a nd every ,

body ate a b o iled egg The n the vegetables

.

are —
han ded asparagu s del ic iou s sau ce as a n
-

acco m pan im e n t or p om m es de terre f rites A fter

, .

th is h o t fish then m eats lastly fru its The cu ps

, , .

a n d sa u cers a re placed bes ide each perso n a nd ,

no t in form al array in fro n t o f the lady pres id ing ,

a nd the teapot is passed ro u n d togethe r with the

s ugar a n d cream The re is o ne th ing w e m a y learn

.

with advan tage fro m th e Fre n ch m ode o f serv ing

b reak fas t an d that is the ir l iberal s u pply o f p lates
,
.

“ ”
They are no t as a ru le n oted fo r be ing n ice in
, ,

the ir ways bu t they are wort hy o f im itat ion in t h is

,

part ic u lar respect by the good people at ho m e ,

wh o are ge n erally in cl in ed to be st ingy a nd care fu l

with the s u pply o f plates Eve n in ho u seholds
.

“
whe re Mar ie is the sole do m estic a nd has ,

to fetch th e water from the well a nd clatter in her ,

woode n shoes fro m room to room o f the large

chateau perform ing her m u ltifariou s d u t ies she is
, ,

never exc u sed no r does she try to evade the la w o f

cle an plates I f o n e th ing has tou ched an a ssiette
.
,

anot h er m u st n o t be p u t u po n it so that with , ,

the m a ny co u rses at each m eal the afterwork which ,

devolves u po n Mar ie w o u ld overwhel m w ith dis

m a y a n o rd inary E ngl ish k itche n m a id A ppe nded .

a re a ser ies o f d ishes s u itable fo r the d ifferen t

season s o f the year .

What has bee n said h itherto appl ies to ord inary

b reak fasts Wedd ing b reak fasts dej euners d to
.
,
’
tzo G O OD S O CI E T Y .

fou re/zette, are co n d u cted in rathe r a d iffere n t m an ner .

They are o f a m ore form al character than those w e

have bee n descr ib ing a nd have all the form a nd ,

cere m on y o f a d in ner bot h as regards w a it ing ,

a nd ta b le decorat io n s A s to the v ian ds a n d .

be verages they are m ost varied a nd are a c u rio u s

, , .

com b inatio n o f a ll the fou r m eals S ou p is ha nd ed .

,

tea a nd co ffee claret a nd cham pagne everyth ing

,
—
o n the table is cold a n d a ll t h e d ishes are ve ry
,

m u c h gar n ished a n d or n a m e n ted The table itsel f .

is set as fo r a d inn er in a form al prec ise m a nn e r

, ,

rolls o f b read in the n apk in s t he k nives a n d fo rks

o n e ither s ide all the arrange m e nts carried o u t in
the strictest wa y Flowe rs a nd fru its are arranged
.

e ither in large grou ps o r scattered ab ou t in t in y

b o u qu ets a n d cl u sters accord ing to the prevail in g
,

fash io n The ch ief ce n tre is occu p ied by t h e

.

b ride cake (whe n the breakfast is to cele brate a

-

w edd ing ) w h ich is al ways a n im pos in g stru ctu re

, ,

a n d co ns idered to be tit e o rna m e n t o f the fe as t .

A collat io n o f th is descript io n s h o u ld co n s ist o f

cold gam e a nd po u ltry ham s to ngu es gam e p ies , , , ,

savo u ry j ellies potted m eats a nd fish ; lob ster

, ,

salads cre a m s jell ies c u stards ca n d ied fru its o r

, , , , ,

n a m en ta l ca kes ices &c , No tre nchers o f bread

,
.
,

n o ho m ely tea cakes or pats o f b u tter are see n a t

-

th is k ind o f break fast T he to ut ensem ble s h o u ld

.

prese n t a s gl ittering a d isplay as pos s ible S ilve r .

,

glass a nd china sho u ld create a u n ivers a l spark le

,

a nd gl itter It shou ld be
.

A t a ble ric hly s prea d in rega l m o de .

W it h dishes iled, a nd m ea t s o f no blest s o rt
A nd s a v o u r.
p ’

’
The h u n t breakfast a nd sports m e n s break fast
d iffer from e ither o f those m e nt ioned before T he .
 B RE A KFA S TS . r2 1

table is no t decorat ed or ornam e nt ed a ll th e space

is reserved fo r the d ishes w h ich o n these occa s io ns ,

m ak e t h e table gro a n as people say T h e L a n , .

c a s h ire m o t to sho u ld be adopted Ple nty to look

at ple n ty to eat a n d p le n ty to leave
, , No sw eets .

a re placed o n the tab le o nly s u bstan t ial food , ,

wh ich is l ik ely to fit t h ose w h o p a rtake fo r the

labou r an d t oil o f t h e da y they a re com m e n c in g .

G a m e p ie is a stand ard d ish o n these occasio n s ,

cold bee f dev illed t u rkey broiled h am French

, , ,

p ies & c
, . Che rry brandy is at h a nd fo r th ose w h o
choose that as the ir b evera ge a n d tank ards o f ,

bee r ; bu t h u nt s m e n nowaday s as a ru le ta ke tea , ,

a nd co ffee .

S PRI N G .

B ro ile d tro u t . Ox -
l
p a tes .
a
C o dfish c a k es . M arm a la de .
C u rried eggs . W a ter c resses -
.

S a v o u ry o m e le tte .

Po t t ed c ha r .

Po t t ed b eef.
S t ew e d k idn ey s .

Po m m es de t erre frites .

S U M M ER .

B ro iled m a c kerel . D ev illed c h ic k e n .

Frie d s o les Pigeo n s in elly j .

B ro iled w h 1t ing . S t ra wb erries a nd ra s pb erries .

B u t t ere d eggs .

B ro iled h a m . V ea l c a k e.
-

Po tt ed s a lm o n . T o n gu e .

Po t te d sh rim ps . B ee fs tea k p ie.

A U TU M N .

B ro iled fresh h errings . Fres h sh rim ps .

C o lla red eels . G ra pe s .

Po a c h ed eggs .

Po t te d h a re . G ro u s e p ie .

Po tted lo b s te r . C o ld ro as t fo wl .

T o as ted m u sh ro o m s .

B ro iled ph ea sa nt . Ro lled b ee f .

Reindee r t o ngu e .
-
r2 2 G OO D S OCI E T Y .

W I NT E R .

K ippered ha ddoc k . Pra wn s .

B lo a ters
. S tew ed ox -
ta ils.
A nc h o v y t o as t . M a rm a la de .

S a u sa ges .

B ro iled m u tto n c h o p
. M elto n pie.
D evilled turkey . B ra w n .

Po m m es de terre frites . Ro u nd o f beef.

 C H A PTER X .

L U N C H EONS .

— —
L u n c h eo n M a nners at Table W ha t to p la c e th e re and ho w ,

to p la c e it— H o t Lu nc h eo n s C o ld Lu nc h eo ns .

W h en h u ngry th o u st o o ds t st a ring like a n o a f,

I slic ed t h e lu n c h eo n fro m t h e barley loa f.

L U N C H E ON has bee n defi n ed as a n in s u lt to one s ’

’
break fas t a nd a n o u tra ge to o n e s d inner It is .

clearly a n interpolatio n o f n o very a n c ien t date .

—
Th ree m eals a day break fast d inn er a nd su pper , ,

— w ere for m erly co n s ide red as am ply su ffic ie n t ;

bu t n o w t wo m ore have added the m s elves to t h e
l is t a nd sho u ldered o u t to a great exte nt t h e old
,

fash io n ed a fter d inn e r tea a n d su pper

-
Lu n cheo n .

is o ne o f th ese extra feeds wh ich has sq u eezed

itsel f firm ly in a n d no w the hal f h o u r devo ted to
,
-

th is m eal is con s idered ind ispe nsable We leave .

it to the dec is ion o f t h e m ed ical co m m u nity

whet h er lo ng a bst in e nce o r t h e t o o freq u e n t su p
ply ing o f the in n er m a n is th e m ost deleterio u s
to health Lu nc h eo ns are fairly es tabl ished in
.

m ost ho u seholds .S o m et im es they a n s w er the

p u rpose o f d i n n er a n d the
,
n they req u ire to be
m o re s u bs ta n t ial bu t st ill sho u ld o n ly exh ib it
,
an
”
elegan t su flic ienc y .
1 24 G O OD S OCI E T Y .

There sho u l d be a n abse nce o f all form al ity

abo u t a n ord inary l u ncheo n Precede nce is no t .

observed ; n e ither do the gen tle m e n take in the

lad ies . T h e lady o f the ho u se leads the wa y ,

follo wed by the others a nd the ge n tle m en co m e in

,

a b ody after the m It is no t cu sto m ary fo r gu est s

.

fe m in in e to do ff the ir b o nn ets o r o u t o f door gar - -

m e n ts w he n inv ited to partake o f th is m eal ; bu t

t h is latit u de I s no t perm itted to the lad y pres id ing

at her o wn table wh o m ust appear in in doo r
,

m o rn ing d ress .

The arra nge m e nt o f the table is o f a form a

inform al characte r inas m u ch a s tho u gh the re is n o t
,

the order a nd prec is io n observed as at the d in n er ,

it yet has a style o f it s o w n a n d o n e that does n o t

,

vary Everyth ing is placed u pon the table at th e

.

begin ning a nd (u n less at a very large party w h ere

, ,

co nfu s io n wou ld be the inev itable res u lt) perso n s

help the m selves a nd o n e a nothe r G e ntle m e n w ait .

u po n the lad ies Ch ildre n if there be a ny are

.
, ,

looked u pon as serv ito rs fo r the occas io n a n d ,

o fte n p rove de ft l ittle w a iters A t larger parties the

.

servan t stays in the roo m to ha n d the first cou rse ,

the vegetables a nd salad the n re m o v es the m eats

fro m the table dra s the oth er d ishes s w eets
w ,
— ,

cheese & c
,
— fro m the ce ntre a n d the n leaves the
.
,

roo m . It is qu ite allo wable to p u sh o n o ne side

the p late o n wh ich y o u have h a d tart o r jelly
a nd take a n other be fo re y o u w ith fru it or cheese .

A n elega nt d isorder is pe rfectly d ist inct fro m a

v u lgar co n fu s io n .

Lu ncheo n in s m all fa m il ies ge ne rally co nsists o f

th e cold m eat ga m e or pou ltry w h ich re m a ins
, ,

fro m the d in ne r o f the prev io u s day ; bu t n oth ing

shou ld ever co m e to table exactly in the sa m e form
 L U N CI I E ON S . 1 2
5

in wh ich it has appeared be fore The ap pearance .

o f the l u n cheo n table depe n ds ve ry m u ch o n th is

b e ing d u ly re m em be red To m ake the . cold
re m ain s look w ell they shou ld be te m ptingly ar
,

ran ged an d taste fu lly ga rn ished A fo wl d enu ded .

o f it s w in gs look s m os t u nco m fortable o n a t able

’

w hereas h o w ve ry difl eren t is the e ffect if it s legs

'

are c rossed o ne u po n the other a n d the u ngainly ,

an kles o rnam e nted w ith parsley The ragged a nd

u n t idy object is co n v e rted in to a see m ly d ish .

A ga in a d is h o f veal cu tle t s prese n ts a m u ch

,

m ore app et is ing look w he n t h ey a re rea red aga in st

a m ou nd o f m ashed po tatoes wit h d el icat e rolls o f ,

b aco n ly in g at the ir feet A salad is m ore prese nt

.

able a n d re fresh ing w he n p repare d a n d m ixed in a

bo wl tha n w he n the h u ge l ettu ces a re alo ne o n o ne
d ish a nd the c u c u m be r stretch es its lo ng length
,

o n a n other a n d the beet root a nd hard bo iled egg

,
-

wh ich sho u ld have garnished it a re th e o ne u nder

grou n d a n d the othe r in its shell The totte ring .

wall o f jelly w o u ld look in finitely m o re co m fo rtable

had it bee n broke n dow n a n d its qu ive rin g p ieces
i to g asses d the f it f o last igh s ’

p u t n l ; a n ru r m n t
dessert if re a rranged o n fresh leaves A ll these
,
-
.

little n iceties add wo nder fu lly to the tou t ensem ble .

Flow ers sh o u ld grace the whole A t l u ncheo n the .

bread is n o t placed befo re each pe rso n as a t

din n e r bu t the t re n che r w ith loaf is placed o n
,

the table as at b rea k fast — o n ly at l u n cheo n a few

pieces a re al w ays c u t be fore h a n d a n d the bo a rd is ,

ha n ded ro u nd by the servan t .

I f a hot l u n c h eo n is req u ired so u p m a y be ,

bro u ght to table together w ith fish ca k es b a sh ed

, ,

m u tto n m in ced
, ch icken vea l c u tlets m u tto n , ,

chops roast fo wls or a n y e ntré e a nd l ight

, , ,
1 26 G OOD S O CI E T Y .

p u dd ings bu t cold m eats a nd s weets are ge n erally

,

p referred O f these a ny o f the follo wing m a y b e

.

selected fo r the l u n cheo n tab le : cold l a m b p igeo n , ,

pork or bee fsteak p ies press e d or roasted bee f

, ,

to ngu e fo wls (bo iled or roa sted ) ga m e veal

, , ,

patties potted m eats lobsters salad fru it tarts

, , , , ,

l ight p u dd ings c u stard ste w ed fr u it jelly blan c

, , , ,

m a n ge cheesecakes ta rtlets spo nge or pl u m

, , , cake ,

cheese b isc u its b u tter a n d fru its The beverages

, , , .

o ffe red sho u ld be sherry claret claret c u p a nd

, . ,

l ight bee r
.
 C H A PTER X I .

D I N N E RS

The D inner Q u es tio n — Less C o s t and m o re Ca re—Th e

D inn er T a bles o f t h e Las t T en Centu ries— G o o d C o o k ery
—G o o d W a iters— nv ita tio ns W h o m to nv ite— D inner
I I
en Fa m ille a nd d [a A u sse— C a rv ing—T a ble A i
’

pp o n t
m e n ts a nd D ec o ra t io ns— A rriv a l o f G u ests — G o ing in to
D inn er— T h e D inner— W ines—T h e D ess ert—R etire m en t
o t e La ies
f h d — — —
C o ee T ea D epa rtu re
ff .

N o w go o d digest io n w a it o n a ppet ite .

A nd h ea lt h o n bo t h . M a c beth .
’

S inc e Eve a te a pples , m u c h depen ds on dinn er .

THE d inn er qu estio n is o ne wh ich has occ u p ied

the tho u ghts a nd bee n the se rio us st u dy o f m a n
k ind fo r m any ge ne ratio n s It is c u riou s to trace
.

the d iffe ren t ph as es th rou gh wh ich the art o f d ining

has passed d u rin g the ages in wh ich we have a ny
,

acco u n t o f th is k ing o f m eals fro m th e ru de a nd

,

rou gh m an ner in w h ich the A nglo Saxon d ined -

do w n to the s u perb banq u e t o f the prese nt da y .

—
We have to iled a nd refl ec ted w e still pon der th e
—
qu estio n m a y it n o t be in con sequ e nce o f o u r
anxiety to be nefit o u rselves a nd m ank ind in th is
respect that w e have as Darw in says m ade o u r
, ,

selves tailless a nd hairless a nd m u lt ipl ied folds to

,
”
ou r brain ? Each ge n erat io n thin ks that it has
 1 28 G OOD S OCI E TY .

m a de a step in ad van ce o f the prev io u s o ne The .

”
globe ha s b ee n ran sacked fro rn Ch ina to Pe ru
fo r del icac ies no v elt ies a n d variet ies o f co m est ibles
, ,

a nd b e v e rag es Mo ney c a n no w co m m a n d m eats

.
,

vege tables a n d fru its at a ny a n d eve ry seaso n o f

,

the year a n d eve ry w in e that c a n gladde n the

,

heart o f m a n B u t s u m pt u o u s v ia nds a nd rare

.

w in es alo n e w ill n o t e ns u re a n e nj oyabl e d in n e r ;

a n d in dee d the ir im p o rta nce is g reatly over est i -

m a te d by th e m ajority o f d in n er g ivers Less cost -

.

a n d m o re ta s te togethe r w ith m o re care in w hat

,

are e rro neo u sly co n sidered to be m inor deta ils is ,

w hat is des irable Do th e g u es ts feel a ny the

.

bette r or e njoy the ir e n te rta in m e n t a ny the m ore

, ,

fo r eat in g gol d ? A spa rag u s at a sh il lin g a stalk ,

peaches ten sh illings a piece a n d stra wb erries at ,

tw o g u in e a s a basket se rv e as t hin gs to be boasted

,

o f b y the p u rch a ser ; b u t w e do u b t if vegetables

a n d fr u it prete rnat u rally fo rced a re real l u x u ries .

Eve n the h u n dre d g u inea d ish o f M S oy e r is a

-
.

th ing m o re t o ta lk abou t tha n to e nj oy G ood .

co m pany go o d wait ing a n d good cooke ry a re the

, ,

secrets o f s u ccess a n d the re a re sec rets h idde n in

each o ne o f these esse n tials s im ple as they ap pear ,

to be w h ich o nly a host a n d hostess he re a nd there

,

have the pe n etratio n to d iscove r S om e stu m b le .

o n t h e rock o f o ste nt a t io u s d isplay othe rs m ake

the m istake o f inv it ing t o o large a nu m ber o f
—
g u e sts a th ing w h ich is pe rfectly intole rable at a
d inn er pa rty T h is host th inks o nly o f the win e he
.

c an set b efo re h is co m pa ny ; that ho st ess o f th e

“
d isting u ished l io ns w ho m she c a n sec u re to sit
at h er table ; a nd so real co m fort is too seldo m
st u d ied These re m a rks apply j u st as m u ch to a
.

d in ner en f a m ille as to o n e (i [a R u sse .

 D I N N E RS . 1 29

Be fore going in to fu rther details let u s in a few ,

w ord s review the d inn er tables o f the la st te n c en

tu t ies The acco u nt o f a d inner in very early
.

t im es m u st o f necess ity be a sca n ty o ne m tha t ,

th ere w ou ld in the nat u re o f th ings b e bu t l ittle to

describe W he n the d in ner hou r arr ived boards
.
,

w e re bro u ght in to the hall a nd placed u po n tres

t les o n w hose ro u gh s u rface a few pla tes were set
, ,

b y no m e a ns eq u al in n u m ber to the d in e rs eac h ,

o f w ho m c u t his food with the k n ife w h ich he c a r

ried abo u t w ith h im fo r h u n t ing pu rposes Whe n .

the co m pany w ere seated the m eats w ere bro u ght ,

fro m the k itche n o n the sp it (so w e w ill co ncl u de

they did n o t k now o f gravies) a n d su ch were the
la wless m a nn e rs o f the tim e that the j o ints had to
b e gu arded in their t ra n s it from the k itc he n to th e
hall by u she rs w h o with the ir rods b eat o ff t h e
,
“
letchers whe n they atte m pted to se iz e the
dinn er from the cooks .

The appointm e n ts o f the Norm an s were m ore

nu m ero u s an d va rio u s A s to the q u al ity o f the
.

food that depe nds u po n taste

,
Whe n d in ner .

was ann ou n ced the g u ests a dva n ced in to the

,

hall led ce rem o nio u sly by tw o m o i/res d lzotel

,
’
,

wh o sho wed the m th eir places a nd served the m

with w ater to w ash their ha n ds T h e tables w ere.

spread with cloth s a nd there w ere goblets a nd

,

cu ps saltcella rs a nd spoons
, The d ishes w ere
.

“ ”
brou ght in by valets led by two esqu ire s A placer
,
.

took the m fro m th e valets a nd a rranged them o n

th e ta ble The m eats w ere eate n fro m large sl ices
.

o f bre a d w h ich w ere the n th ro wn in to a v ess el

, .

After th is cou rse the table cloths w ere changed -

and the s w eets ca m e in La stly t he dessert a p

.
,

p e ared w h ic,h co n s is ted o f cheese an d fruit s a n dthe ,

1 30 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

repast w as term inated by a d rau ght o f h ippocras .

Altho u gh the cere m on y o b served in th e serving o f

the v ian ds wa s so extre m e I do u bt w hether the ,

c u l inary depart m e n t w o u ld have m et w ith o u r a p

probatio n G arl ic w as the favou rite seaso ning
.
,

a n d flavou red in d iscrim in ately fish flesh a nd , ,

fow l . We select o ne b ill o f fare fo r the readers ’

con siderat io n
First cou rse : Boars head e nar m ed a nd br u ce ’
,

fo r pottage ; be ef m u tto n pestles o f pork, s w a n

, , ,

roasted rabb it tart , .

“ eco n d co u rse : D rope a n d rose fo r pottage

S ;
m allard pheasant ch icke ns farsed a nd roasted
, , ,

m alach is baked .

“
T h ird cou rse : C o n igs in gravy a nd hare in
brasé teals roasted w oodcocks s nipes ra ffy o lys
, , , ,
”
b aked fla m po y ntes
,
.

A nd to describ e o ne or tw o o f these d ishes

Bru ce con s isted o f po rtio ns o f pig m ixed with
”
ve ge ta b les a n d sp ices D ro pe o f al m o nds a nd
.
,
“ ” ”
onio ns fried in fresh grea se Fla m po yn tes w e re .

m ade o f pork cheese s u ga r a nd pepper fried in

, , , ,

the s am e te m pt ing l iqu id A Ra ffy o ly w as a .

sort o f patty Pork in so m e form or other wa s

.

a very favo u rite d ish No w we drea m as l ittle .

o f plac in g it o n o u r tables ( except they are ve ry

ho m ely o nes ) as do the Je ws Charles La m b s .
’

rhapsody o n roast pig st irs few he arts no w a days - -

.

A s w e read o n w e find that l u x u ries inc rease a nd

,

ban qu ets beco m e m ore costly I ndeed o ne is .

,

recorded the m en u o f w h ich th o u gh arranged fo r a ,

great state occas io n (the in stalla t ion o f a n arch

b ish op) is o n s u ch a gtga n tic scale that it w ou ld I
, ,

th ink m ak e eve n the gre a t G u n ter look aghast

, .

S p a ce forb ids u s giv ing m ore than a fe w o f the

 D I N N E RS . 1
3 1

item s . s wa ns 40 0 pigs , p ige o n s 50 0 , ,

stags ,
1 0 4 peacoc k s cold ve n iso n pas ties
, ,

hot d itto 8 seals 4 porpo ises , d ishes

, ,

o f jelly &c &c & c

,
. . .

The co n fectio ne ry o f th is period wa s very deli

cate a n d elabora te A ft er each cou rse cam e a su b
.

tilit y— that is represe n tat io n s in raised pastry o f

,

ca stles giants saints lad ies a nd a n im als u pon

, , , , ,

wh ich legends a n d coat a rm o u r w e re pa inted in

the ir prope r colou rs .

Th e hab it o f profu se a nd l u x u rio u s l iv ing seem s to

have decl ined d u ring the s ixte en th a nd se v e n tee n th
cent u ries I n H e n ry V I I s da y the tables a s a ru le
. .
’

, ,

were served in great co n fu s io n n o n icety o r o rd er

wa s observed T h e art o f cooke ry deg en e rate d
.
,

an d the m a n n ers w e re so ro u gh that o fte n w he n a n ,

at tractiv e d ish m ade its appearance the g u ests dis

played the ir greed iness by sc ram bling fo r its c o n
ten ts I t wa s com m o n t o o fo r ge n tl em e n to w ear
.
, ,

the ir h a ts at th is m eal Pepys rem a rks H om e

.

to bed havin g got a strange cold by fl inging o ff m y

,
”
hat fo r d inn e r De ss erts w ere d isco n t inu e d so
.
,

that al t ogethe r the m eals o f th is p eriod w e re the

reverse o f co m fortable .

O nce m ore the a rt o f d in ing beca m e a s u bject

o f stu dy as the ch ro n icl e s o f the e ightee n th ce n t u ry
,

testify . O n e after a nothe r l u x u r ies o f variou s ,

k inds w ere in t rod u ced Forks becam e gen eral ; .

a nd cro w d in g a fter that excelle n t in ve n t io n a host ,

o f etceteras w ithou t w h ich at th e p resen t day a

,

d inner table is no t cons ide red co m plete ; so that

in th is n in eteen th ce n t u ry al m ost as m u ch co n s ider
at io n a n d thou ght is requ ired to lay a table fo r a
d inn er as to pl a c e a nd arra nge a n a rm y o n a fie ld
o f battl e
1 3 2 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

Hav ing no w arrived at o ur o wn tim es let u s sta y ,

th ere u ntil the end o f the chap ter G ood cookery .

,

good co m pa ny a n d good wait ing have bee n laid

,

do wn as the th ree esse ntia ls fo ra co m fortable d inn er .

With refere nce to the first a good h ou s ehold b ook ,

w h ich th is does no prete d to b e

t n — will b e t he best
g u ide together
,
w ith the h elp a f
f orded b y t h e l ist o f
m en u s g ive n at t h e end o f th is sect io n bu t t h ere
are o ne or two points to be not iced w h ich a re
st rictly w ith in o u r province T he first is the error .

w h ich m an y fall into o f th ink ing too m u ch abo u t

th e p rin cipal d is h es a nd pay ing too l ittle atte n t io n
,

to the ir acco m pa nim en ts T h e Fre nch say . A

del ic io u s sau ce will ca u se y o u to eat an eleph an t ”
.

They are fu lly a ware o f the val u e o f the s e l ittle de

ta ils w h ic h we E ngl ish are too apt to cou nt o f s m al l
,

im porta nce S a u ce s a nd grav ies hold a h igh pos i

.

t io n Then again the sou p is so o fte n a fail u re

.
, ,

at o u r d inners ; a n d yet be ing t he first th ing pa r

,

take n o f o ne wo u ld th ink it des irable to give the

,

gu est a good im p ress io n to start with C est la .

soupe q u i f a it lo s olda t is a favo u rite proverb o f o u r

n e ighbo u rs w h o also excel in t h is bra nch o f the

,

c u l inary a rt .

The seco nd poin t is n o t to h ave too m an y dis h e s

,

attach ed to each cou rse A m ple choice so as to .

,

al lo w fo r the d ifferences o f taste is n ecessa ry bu t , ,

t he re shou ld be a l im it O ne m a n cannot partak e

.

o f fi fty d iffere n t d ishes at th e sa m e m eal The .

”
perpetu a l repetit io n o f N 0 than k yo u to the , ,

co nt in u o u s st ream o f d is h es handed to y o u b e
co m es w earisom e bes ides w h ich it o fte n happe ns
,

that in atte m pting too great a variety we ru n the

“ ”
risk o f m an y fail u res A l ittle d inn er at wh ich
.
,

each d is h o f its k ind is per fect, is a fa r reater

g
 D I N N E RS . 1 33

“
su ccess than a large o ne indiffere ntly cooked
an d s erved .

A n d n o w a word abou t the atte ndan ts u po n ,

who m depe n ds so m u ch .

Dexterity rap idity an d above everyth ing else

, , , ,

q u iet n es s added
, to a tho ro u gh k n o w ledge o f h is
d u ties form th e esse n tial requ isites o f a good
,

wa iter . I n th is depart m e nt as in othe rs pra ct ice , ,

alo n e m akes pe rfect H o w the n is it poss ib le fo r

.
, ,

a m a n wh o ha s bee n em ployed in q u ite a d iffere nt

capac ity to acq u it h im sel f w ell in th is posit ion ?
A nd yet th is is frequ e ntly attem pt ed b u t it is really
al ways a m istak e to do so It is co n sidered the .

“
correct th in g to have o nly m en to serv e an d so ,

so m e people when they h ave m ore pe rso ns to d inner

,

than th e ir o ne indoor m a n servant c a n w ait u po n -

press th e ir o u t o f door m en in to the s ervice ; bu t

- -

hands that have be e n accu sto m ed to h a ndle the

spade a nd besom to groom ing horses a nd what no t
, , ,

have no t the del ica cy o f t ou ch n ecessary fo r the

han dl ing o f glass a nd s ilver The m ore anx iou s the .

nov ice is the m ore awk wa rd a nd no isy w ill he be

,
.

Th is love o f show to th e e n t ire excl u s io n o f c o m

fort is sat ir ised by a writer o f the last ce n tu ry o ne —
o f that ba n d o f Essay is t s w h o did the ir u tm ost to
u nm as k the folly o f those aro u nd the m It is su p .

posed to be the lam e nt o f a h u s b and whose w ife

loved ostentation a nd strove to appear the m istress
,

o f a gran der esta b l ish m en t tha n s h e in real ity pos

sessed . A lady o f t itle h a d sen t w ord to say that

she inte n ded com ing to see them o n a certain da y ,

an d th e host th u s descr ibes w hat e n s u ed It .

” “
wo u ld , h e says tire y o u to enu m erate the variou s
,

sh ifts that w ere m ade by p u rch a s ing bo rrow , ,

ing & c to fu r nish o u t a d inn er s u itable fo r the

, .
,
 t 34 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

occas io n ; no r wa s the re less a do in m ak ing o u rselv es

a nd o u r atte n d a n ts fit to appear be fore s u ch c o m

pany My garde ne r wh o had bee n acc u sto m ed to

.
,

se rv e in m a ny cap ac it ies had h is he a d c ropped , ,

c u rled a nd po wde red fo r the part o f b u tler ; o n e

,

o f the best lo o k ing plo u ghboys had a yello w cape

-

clapp ed to h is S u nday coat to m ake h im pass fo r ,

a se rva n t in l ive ry D u ring the p rogress o f the

.

e nte rtainm e n t the re w e re severa l em barrass m e nts ,

wh ich m ight app ear r id ic u lo u s in descriptio n ,

bu t w ere m at te rs o f se rio u s d ist ress to u s S ou p .

w a s sp illed d ishes we re overtu r n ed a n d glasses

, ,

b roke n by the a wk wardn ess o f o u r atte ndan ts a n d ,

th ings w e re no t a bit m e n ded by m y w ife s sol i ’

”
c itu de to co rrect the m Does no t o u r o wn p rivate
.

a n d u nco m fo rtable expe rie n ce vo u ch fo r the t ru t h

o f th is desc ript io n ? H a ve w e o u rselves n o t felt o n

o n e occa s io n a d ish o f oyste rs d [O c re m e gl id ing

d o w n th e back o f o u r best d ress s u it a nd o n ,

an other h ad o u r r is ible fac u lties exc ite d a nd o u r

goo d m ann ers pu t to the test at the sa m e t im e by
see ing a you ng w aiter ly ing pro ne o n the floor su r ,

ro u nded o n a ll s ides by rolls o f b read ? A nd have

no t yo u m y readers ,
had yo u r elbows k n ocke d
, ,

you r heads b um ped by cl u m sy lo u ts ? Have no t

,

you r e a rs bee n an noyed by the no isy clatte r o f

plates the j ingle o f glasses a n d that m ost nu
, ,

pleasa nt so u n d the rattl ing o f knives a n d forks ?

,

There fore w e gather that no greater m istake c a n

,

be m ade th a n t o m a ke u p the qu a n t u m o f wa ite rs

fro m m en who are no t acc u sto m ed to t he w o rk If .

th e party h e a s m all o ne do n o t d isd ain the help o f ,

”
a neat h anded Phyll is or else c a re fu lly l im it the
-

n u m ber o f yo u r g u ests in propo rtio n to that o f yo u r

in door m en servan ts O ne m a n by h im sel f c a n n ot
- -
.
 D I N NE RS . 1 35

Wa 1t w ell o n o re than six people I f the d inn er is

m .

a state a ffair the n o f co u rse a w aitress w ou ld loo k

, , ,

o u t o f place in the roo m bu t in the co u n try fr iends ,

ofte n obl ige each other by the loan o f their servan ts

at these t im es a n d in a to wn it is easy t o h ire m en
,

wh o are p ro fic ien ts in th is l in e .

The inv itat io n s are iss u ed in the nam e o f th e

gen tlem an a nd lady a fortn ight or th ree w eeks
,

b e fo rehan d They shou ld be an s wered im m e

.

dia t ely a nd if accepted the e ngagem en t shou ld

, , ,

o n n o acco u n t be b roke n Th is is a very strict .

ru le with regard to d inn er part ies as it will eas ily ,

be see n that the n o n arr iv al o f a n expected gu est

-

wou ld cau se co n fu s io n a nd d isarra n ge m e n t o f

plan s .

The ho u r is ge n erally from seve n th irty o clock -

’

—
to e ight th irty rather a change from the olde n
-

d inn er hou rs wh ich w ere nin e or ten in the m orn

,

ing There is a n old say ing wh ich th u s de fines the

.

d ivis ion o f the do m est ic day

q
Le ver a c in . din er a n eu f
S o u pe r a c in — q
c o u c ber a neu f

wh ich show s that we have got very fa r in advance

o f or beh in d o u r proge n ito rs .

Who m to invite is a con siderat io n wh ich requ ire s

the exerc is e o f j u dgm ent a n d discretio n D in ners .

are ge n erally looked u po n as e ntertainm e nts fo r

m arried people bu t it is adv isable to have a fe w
,

yo u ng m en a n d m aide ns also The n the peopl e .

who m y o u inv ite shou ld be o f the sa m e stand ing ln

soc iety .They need no t n ecessarily b e frie nds or ,

all o f the sam e absol u te rank ; bu t as at a d inn er

p eople co m e in to closer co n tact o n e w ith the ot h e r
tha n at a da n ce or a ny o th er kind o f party tho se ,
136 G O OD S OCI E T Y .

o nly sho u ld b e invited to m eet o ne a n oth er who

m ove in the sam e c l a ss o f c ircle s .

The talking po w ers o f yo u r frie nds have also to

be cons idered A ll the q u iet people m u st no t
.

be asked together o n o ne occas io n and all the ,

talkative n oisy people o n a nother They m u st

,
.

be cleve rly m in gled together so that they w ill ,

s m oothly am algam ate b oth as a w hole a nd also ,

o ne w ith an othe r w he n placed s ide by s ide ro u nd

the fest ive board Real talkers h a ve bee n des ig
.

n a t ed as those who have fresh ideas an d ple nty ,

o f w arm w ords to clothe the m m I hese in v a lu

’

a ble people are u nfort u nately bu t ra rely to be m et

w ith bu t we c a n al ways find o n e at least a m o ng
,

o u r acqu a in ta n ce wh o has that h appy e ffro n tery o f

speak ing incessan tly eve n if it be so m et im es
,

rid icu lou sly withou t overpowering eve ry o ne els e

, ,

a nd w ho has a hearty cheery la u gh , O ne s u ch .

person at a ny rate sho u ld be secu red fo r there are ,

nu m bers o f t im id people wh o talk fl u e n tly e no u gh

if they do no t hear too lo u dly the sou nd o f the ir
o wn vo ices a n d th u s the chatter o f o n e talkative
,

friend w ill serve as a cover a n d will indu ce m u ch

,

by con versat io n
-
.

The invitation s having been iss u ed we m u st turn ,

to the arra n ge m e nts o f the dinner ta ble D inn ers .

d I a Ru sso have bee n in g reat fa v o u r d u ring the last

few years partic u larly w ith the ge ntle m e n a n d no
, ,

w o nder fo r then they are rel ieved fro m th e re

,

spo ns ib le task o f carv ing When a dinn er is served

.

in th is style all the m e a ts po u ltry a n d gam e are

, ,

pl aced o n the s ideboard and carved by the bu tler

bu t th is plan cannot be a tte m pted u n less there
ha ppen to b e a large s ta ff o f servants Ca rving is .

no t so m u ch pract ised a s it m ight be How ever .

 D I N N E RS . 1 37

trifl ing som e th ings m a y seem they a re no longer ,

so w he n abou t hal f the w orld th in ks t h e m oth er

wise . Carv ing as it occ u rs a t least o nce in eve ry
,

day is no t below o u r n ot ice W e sho u ld u se o u r

, .

”
sel ves to carve ad roitly a nd ge n teel ly S o say s .

Lord Chesterfield ; bu t h o w seldo m do w e m eet

“
with a good carver O nce u po n a tim e there were
schools w here th is art w a s tau ght Woode n m odels .

o f vario u s b irds j o ints & c carved o u t in to p ieces

, , .
,

as th e original o u ght to be and fas te ned to gether ,

by t hreads or glu e w ere placed be fo re the p u p ils, ,

whose bu s in ess it was to sepa rate the m by bl u n t in

stru m ent s A t o n e t im e th is d u ty o f carv in g was
.

apportioned to the lady o f th e hou se wh ile the host ,

dispe nsed the win e Lady Wortley Montagu u sed .

to d in e by hersel f a n ho u r or two be forehand in ,

order that sh e m ight perform th is office at her

father s table a nd she o nly follo w ed the ge n eral
’
,

cu sto m o f that day .

W ell wh ichever w a y the dinner is served the ap

, ,

p o in t m e n ts o f the table are the sa m e A w h it e cloth .

o f the fi n est l in e n dam ask is spread v er y exactly o n

the table Dow n each s ide a nd alo ng each end

.

m a y be lo ng a nd short sl ips w h ich a re d raw n o fl ,

at the concl u sion o f d inn er a nd be fore the dessert .

Before each seat is placed a na pkin folded in som e ,

intrica te form a nd a roll o f bread l ies w ith in

,
.

A k n ife fork a nd spoo n are ready fo r im m ed iate

, ,

use ,
a nd o n the righ t ha nd o f eac h perso n are

set a sherry claret a nd cham pagn e glass No

, ,
.

tu m blers are see n o n the tab le at m ode rn d inn er

parties There shou ld be a sm all saltcellar w ith in
.

eas y reach o f every gu est also a w ater c arafe a nd

glas s T h e old fash io n ed ep ergn e wh ich u sed to
.
-

gra ce the ce ntre o f the table has retired in to , .

138 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

obscu rity a n d in to its place have stepped plants

,

in o rn a m e n tal pots a nd vases o f all s h apes an d

,

s izes fi lled w ith c u t flow e rs Every fash ion h as

.

its day O n e fa v o u rite is pe rhaps o f so m e

.

w h a t fa n tast ic for m bu t is very grace fu l a n d

,

pretty w ithal A platea u o f plate g lass occ u p ies

.
-

the ce nt re o f the table On its su rface here

.

a n d the re a re s m all ch in a w ate r fo w l or w ater -

rept iles hold in g or s u pport ing bo u qu ets o f flo w ers .

The edges o f th is m in iat u re lake a re closely

b ordered w ith br ight colo u red flowers or green
-

fe rns w h ich are placed in lo ng gl a ss tro u ghs

,
.

Th is des ign is very efl e c tive o n a large table bu t

'

the plateau w o u ld look ra ther too m u ch o n a s m all

o ne . A less p rete n t io u s idea is that o f a lo n g oval
board cove red w ith crim so n velvet or pl u sh o n
, ,

wh ich a re gro u ped accord ing to fancy cl u ste rs o f

, ,

s m al l glass or ch in a vases w ith flowe rs The .

e ffect o f th is is he ighte n ed if silver can dlesticks

are p laced here a nd there o n the board A ll .

the table decorations n o w in vogu e are lo w in form ,

so that the com pa ny a re n o t h idde n from o ne

another a nd yet c a n have their eyes re freshed by
,

the s ight o f b eau tifu l flo w ers a nd the flowers again

are no t co n ce n trated into large grou ps bu t a re ,

scattere d u p a nd down the table at the sam e t im e ,

all form ing part o f a preco nce rted plan o f de cora

'

t ion F lo wers placed o n a d in ner ta ble sho u ld

.

b e all o f a choice k in d Ferns a n d m oss are great

.

helps in the arra nge m en t o f the m The dessert .

d ishes take the ir places am idst the flo wers and ,

shou ld be ta ste fu lly arranged a n d decorated T he .

fr u its m ake as te m pt in g a d isplay as poss ible .

G rapes in the ir o w n gree n leaves straw b erries ,

a n d cherr ies p iled h igh o n their respect ive d ishe s ,

 D I N N E RS . r3 9

p e ac h es, apr icots , pl u m s ensco nced each in a

a nd

s e p a rate lea f so that they m a y n o t be robbed o f

,

t h e ir del ica te bloo m by too close co n tact w ith their

fe oll w s — p in es a nd m elo n s ta k in g the ir sta nd as
t h e c h ie f perso n ages M ingled w ith all these fru its
.
,

s p rays o f fe rn s a n d the ic e plan t give a cool a n d

-

re fres h in g appeara n ce to the d is h C rystall ised .

fru its sparkle a nd gl itte r ; t h e m ore sobe r w al n u t

a n d filbe rt ,d isdain ing decorat io n o f a n y k ind as ,

u n b eco m in g to th eir respect ive characters c o m ,

le t e the ge n eral list o f a fter d inn e r del icac ies A ll

p
-
.

t h ese d ishes a nd as m a n y m ore as y o u please

, ,

a re placed o n the table at the com m e n ce m e n t ,

a n d if the d in n e r is se rved d to R u sse re m a in the

sole occ u pa n ts if otherw ise the o ther d ishes a re ,

placed a n d replac ed acco rd ing to the cou rses .

No w in e is pu t u pon the d inn e r table .

The d in n e rtable is ready Let u s hope th at the .

h ost a n d hostess a nd m ore part icu larly the l a tter

, ,

are ready too a n d in the ir drawing room b efo re

,
-

t he ho u r na m ed fo r the arrivals a nd that the ,

room s are properly arranged a nd l ighted so th at ,

t here n eed be no s ig n o f h u rry or con fu s io n at

the sou nd o f the fi rst bell Th e lady shou ld place .
,

hersel f in a pos it ion so as to be eas ily accessible

to all co m ers as each gu est o u ght to pay h is or
,

her respects to her first P u n ct u al ity shou ld be

.

strictly observed I n the cou ntry half a n h ou r s

.
’

lat it u de is allow ed a n d in to wn a qu arter o f a n

,

hou r s grace is giv e n ; a nd s u rely every b ody if

’
,

t hey t ried cou ld calcu late the ir tim e so that they

,

sho u l d arrive n e ither too early no r too la te bu t h it ,

the happy m ed iu m ; the n all the d isco m fort and

awkw ard n ess cau sed by wa itin g after the appoin ted
hou r fo r som e late com ing gu est e ntailed u pon host
-

,
1 40 G OOD S O CI E T Y .

hostess, a nd a ll t h e asse m bled co m pa n y , togeth er

w ith the espec ia l ago n y s u ffe red by the cook , wo u ld
be happily an d eas ily avo ided .

Th is dread o f no n p u n ct u al ity o n the part o f

-

som e o ne co n stantly destroys the peace o f m in d o f

the m istress o f the hou se as the ho u r a pproaches ;
a n d indeed a d inn er pa rty t h ro u ghou t is a try ing
ordeal to a you ng a nd u n seaso ned hostess .

S h e sho u ld , to act h er p a rt w ell , be fa m il ia r w ith

—
every l ittle draw in g room cere m on ial all the law s
-

o f prece de n ce a n d the whole et iq u ette o f h osp ital ity .

Whatever u nfort u nate c on tretem ps or cat a strophe

m ay happe n, h er eq u a nim ity m u st no t be in the
sl ightest degree d istu rbed S he m u st b e m istress
.

o f hersel f tho u gh ch in a fall , a n d she m u st e n dea

vou r to keep the ball o f co nversat io n ever o n the

m ove .

The host co m m u nica tes to each ge ntle m an the

na m e o f the lady he is to take in to d in n er If .

they are strangers to each other th e host in tro ,

d u ces h is frien d to the lady Whe n the gu ests .

”
are m et a nd the feast is set the bu tle r an n ou n ces,

the latter to h is m a ster who the n o fl ers h is a rm

'

to the lady app ointed to be escorted by h im .

Th is shou ld be e ither the oldest lady the lady o f ,

the h ighest ra nk or th e greatest st ra n ger ; or if

,

there be a b rid e prese nt t he lot falls u po n her, .

The other gu ests follow a rm ih arm a nd the hostess - -

closes th e process io n escorted by the ge n tle m an

,

wh o has b een appo in ted to the ho n o u rabl e post ,

a n d wh o h as b ee n el e cted fo r o n e o f the three

rea so ns above m en t io n ed as be ing the oldest or o f
-

h ighest ran k &c

, O n a rrivin g at the d ining room
.
-

the host s seat is a t the botto m o f th e ta b le a nd

’
,

his w ife s at the top u n les s the fash io n be adop ted

’
,
 D I NN E R S . 1 41

of o ccu p y ing places oppos ite o ne an other in the

m iddle o f eac h s ide w h ich is so m et im es the case
,

w h e n the ta ble is a lo ng o n e T h e ho s t p la ces h is .

la dy o n his righ t ha nd a nd she is co n side red the ,

s t a rtin g po in t fo r the w aiters

-
w h o sho u ld al w ay s ,

o ffer each d is h first to her

, The ge ntlem an wh o .

h as accom pa n ied the hostess is seated o n h er

r igh t han d a nd shou ld o fl er to ca rve fo r her s h ou ld
'

t h e dishes be placed o n t h e table fo r t h at p u rpose .

I n order to facil itate the arra ngem e nt o f the rest

o f the co m pa n y a card is la id o n the table b e fore
,

e ach seat o n w h ich is w ritte n the n am e o f the

,

g u e s t by w ho m it is to b e appropr iated For th is .

p u rpo se m a n y pretty a n d fa n tast ic d ev ices have

b een des igned S o m e tim es a pla n o f the table
.

is la id 1n the dra w ing roo m so that the gen tle m a n-

h av ing st u d ied it m a y be able at o n ce to lead the

la dy he escorts to h er seat a nd th u s co nfu s io n ,

is avo ided The serv an t places a plate o f so u p

.

be fore each person in o rder a nd it is etiq u ette to ,

b egin im m ed iately that it is set be fo re y o u (the

lad ie s having howeve r fi rst w ithdrawn t h eir
, ,

g loves ) ,as w el l as to take it q u ickly O f co u rse .

a ll food s h ou ld be s ile n tly m asticated N 0 sou nd .

“
is m o re d isagreeable than that o f a co m pa n y feed
”
in g l ike ho rses whe n yo u hear the m feed
, .

A t a la rge party n o o n e ever t h inks o f partaking

o f th e sa m e v ia n d twice A t a d inn er en f a m zlle
.
,

w h e re yo r d er be ore i per ’’
y o u se e u in n f y o u t 15 ,

m iss ible bu t n ever the n w it h respect to so u p a nd

,

fi sh . Beau B ru m m el speak ing con te m ptu ou sly o f

,

s o m e o ne s aid ,
He is a fellow n o w that w o u ld , ,
”
s e n d u p h is pl a te t w ice fo r sou p .

A t a for m al d in n er gu ests are n o t asked th e ir

choice Th is is qu ite u n necessary fo r the y hav e
. ,
1 42 G O O D S O CI E T Y .

the irm en u a nd so c a n accept or rej ect th e d ifferent

,

d ish es that a re handed to the m T h e entrees a nd .

the jellies crea m s &c are ha nded o n electro

, ,

silv erd ish es a nd gu ests help the m selves

,
O f the .

othe r m eats s m all p ieces are placed o n plates a nd

,

o ffered by the servan ts .

It w ill be see n by the m enu s appe nded w hat the

d iffere n t cou rses are a n d in w hat order th ey com e
, .

We will no w speak o f the w in es .

Is it need fu l to sa y that they l ike every t h ing ,

else shou ld be good ? Bad cookery is deleteriou s

, ,

bu t bad w in es a re pos it ively poiso n o u s ; so if t h e

host s p u rse w ill n o t allo w him to g ive h is gu ests
’

good cham pagne or hock or a ny o f the m ore ex ,

pen s ive w in es let h im o ffe r on ly good sherry a nd

,

claret The diflic u lty o f proc u r i ng good w in e s is

.

certainly very great Mo ney eve n will no t al w ays

.

s ec u re the m altho u gh it m ay n at u rally be expected

,

to do so The o nly s u re wa y o f obtain ing win e at

.

o nce good a nd ge nu in e is to go to a m erc h an t o f

u ndou bted respectab il ity .

The q u al ities o f good wine a re th u s q u aintly de

scr ibed by Nec k a m a w riter o f the twel fth ce n t u ry :
,

C lear as the tea rs o f a pe nite n t so that a m an ,

m a y see d ist in ctly to the botto m o f h is glass ; its

’
colou r shou ld represe n t the gree n ness o f a b u ffalo s
hor n Whe n d ru nk it sho u ld desce n d im petu o u sly
.

l ike th u nder s weet tasted as a n al m ond creep ing

,
-

l ike a squ irrel leap ing l ike a roeb u ck stron g like

, ,

the bu ild in g o f a C iste rc ian m on astery gl itter ing ,

l ike a spark o f fire s u btle as the logic o f the ,

schools o f Paris d el icate as fine s ilk a nd colder

, ,

tha n crystal .

No wine is placed o n the din ner table a nd ,

it is th e p rovin ce o f the b u tler to h a n d the pro per

 D I NN E RS . 1 43

k ind at the proper t im e S herry is o ffered with .

s ou p . With the fish l ight win es s u ch as hock , ,

C h abl is ,a n d sa u ter n e Cham pagn e accom panies

.

the jo int . Port wine n ever m akes its appear

a n ce no w un t il dessert w hen it d iv ides the
,

h on o u rs w ith sherry m ade ira a n d cl aret

,
Fifty , .

years ago the practice o f tak ing win e with o n e

a nother wa s in fu ll force Th is w as a very old
.

c u sto m . It was prevale nt am o n gst the G reeks

a n d the A nglo S axo ns -
a n d the latte r al w ays a c
,

c o m pa n ied the cere m o n y w ith a k iss A w riter .

in laying do w n the ru les

’
o f He n ry V I I I s day .
,

o f et iq u ette su ggests as o ne o f th em th at whe n

,

a n y o ne w ill drin k to the health o f an other

h e m u st fix h is eye u po n h im fo r a m o m e n t a n d
-

g ive h im t im e if it be poss ible to s wa llo w h is

, ,

m orsel .

The o ft repeated phrase

-
May I take win e ,
”
w ith y o u ? is no lon ger he ard at m odern d in ne rs .

The for m al ity becam e a t ro u blesom e o ne a nd has ,

rad u ally f alle n in to d is u se except at those c on

g ,

v iv ia l m eet in gs at colleges k no wn by the nam e ,

of
“
Win es w here you ths st ill pledge o ne another
”
,
“
in the c u p o f re fresh m e n t a n d have yet a ,
—
pecu liar l ittle cerem on y from w hom derived de
p o n e nt sa y eth n o t — that o f three l in king the ir
a rm s o n e w ith in the other a n d th u s e n cha in ed , , ,

t h ey im b ibe a nd pass good wishes rou n d th is s m al l

c ircle o ne to the other .

One other old c u sto m has w e are glad to say , ,

b een al m ost chased a way a nd that is the hab it ,

o f press in g hosp ital ity There wa s a day w he n

.

“
it w a s the m ark o f goo d b reed in g to cram a -

p o o r s u rfe ited gu est to the throat a n d the m ost ,

s o c ial ho u rs were th rown away in a cont inu al

1 44 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

inte rchange sol ic ita t io ns and apologies

of We .

say al m ost ”
Wo u ld that it were q u ite ext inct ;
.

bu t here a nd there u nco m fo rta b le hosts a nd

hostesses are enco u n tered who o u t o f kin dness , ,

w e k n ow — —
bu t it is m ost m istake n repeatedly
invite a nd u rge the ir gu ests to partake o f th is a nd
that after they have pol itely decl ined To say the .

least th is cond u ct is in ext rem ely bad taste Tr u e

,
.

hosp ital ity l ies in o ffer ing freely w ha t y o u have ,

leav in g the g uest at l iberty to take or pass by

what he pleases n o t in lead ing h im to take what

o u m a y please again st h is o wn incl inat io n s im ply

y ,

to obl ige y ou and so to e sca pe further im portu nity

, .

This l ib erty extends to those who as a m atte r o f ,

taste or p rin c iple choose to abstain altogether fro m

,

w in e fo r w ho m selt z er or othe r ag ree a ble m ine ral

,

w a te rs sho u l d be p rovided .

A t the co ncl u s io n o f d inn er the ta ble is clea red ,

o f everyth in g bu t the dessert d ishes a nd flo wer

decoratio ns T h e cru m bs a re take n o ff o n to a
.

plate by m eans o f a s ilver or wooden k nife a n d ,

the sl ip s if u sed are the n w ithdrawn A dessert

, , .

plate o n w h ich is a d oyley finger glass a nd silver

,
’
,
-

k nife a nd fork is placed be fore each gu est together

, ,

with th ree w in e glasses O n very state occas io n s

-
.

the fingerglasses (w h ich whe n u sed shou ld be

-

, ,

s m all a n d no t co n tain m u ch w ater) are no t pu t o n

,

the table bu t in l ie u a gol de n or m ajol ica bo wl

,

filled w ith rose water a nd n apk in attached is passed

-

rou nd o n the table or o ffered by a servan t The , .

dessert d ishes a re bro u ght m ore fo rward fro m th e

centre o f the table a nd em bossed spoons placed ,

bes ide th e d ishes The wine is pu t o n th e table .

before the host a nd then handed o nce rou n d by

,

h
t e b tl r T he serva n ts ha n d t he rin c ipal d ishe
u e .
p s
 D I N N E R5 .

o ne after another to each gu est a nd the n leave the ,

roo m The hostess v ery soon rises look ing at the

.
,

sam e t im e at the lady o n her h u sba nd s right hand ’

,

wh o with the rest o f the lad ies r is es fro m h er seat .

The gen tlem e n do the sam e The host or som e .

,

ge ntle m a n m ore co n ve n ie n tly n ea r it ope n s the ,

doo r a n d the lad ies troop o u t a n d settle th e m

,

selv es in the d ra w ing roo m

.
The se rvan t brin gs
-
.

cu ps o f coffee a nd hands the m ro u n d and t akes ,

som e to the ge n tle m e n in the d in ing roo m The -

.

lad ies are n o t le ft ve ry lo ng to the m selves as it is ,

no t no w the pract ice fo r ge n tle m e n to dr in k m u ch

w in e a fter d inn e r They ou ght the re fore soo n to
.
, ,

adj ou rn to the d ra wing roo m The se rvants the n

-
.

re appea r o n e carry in g a tray o n w h ich a re c u ps

-

o f tea the other a salver o n wh ich rest the s u ga r

,

ba s in a n d cream ju g These a re handed ro u nd

. .

So m et im es m u s ic is in trod u ced The hal f ho u r o r .

-

so after d inner q u ickly fl ies A t hal f past ten o r.

eleve n the g u es ts beg in to depart O n the arrival .

o f ea c h ca rria ge a serva n t a n n o u n ces it q u ietly to

,

the ow ne r .

A s the fo rego ing re m a rks have treated so m e

”
what excl u s ively o f so called sty l ish d inners it
-

m ay b e as w ell to m ake som e re m arks o n the

m an n e r in w h ich those g ive n w ith less oste n tat io n

shou ld be co n d u cted A ltho u gh the re 15 no t q u ite

.

so m u ch state a nd ce re m o n y obs erved in a d in ner

en a m ille yet the re is by n o m ea ns t h e sa m e free
f ,

do m a n d lat itu de allo w ed as at l u ncheo ns a n d other

m eals .The table is set w ith care a n d prec is ion
the d iffe re nt co u rses a re placed o n it a n d re m oved
in p roper o rder ; bu t n o d ish shou ld be take n o ff
the table u n til all the plates have been p rev io u sly
re m oved ; n e ither sho u ld o ne be placed o n the
J
1 46 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

ta b le w hile a ny belo nging to the form er co u rs e

re m ains . The d is hes containing vegeta bles an d
sau c es sho u ld b e kept o n the s ideboard a nd are ,

al ways ha nded The host m ay offer to s erve h is

.

gu ests a seco nd tim e fro m the j oin t or p ou ltry ,

bu t n o t w ith so u p o r fish G e ntle m e n carve a n d

.

as s ist the ir n e ighbo u rs a n d sho u ld n otice a nyth ing

,

that is w an t ing passing sal t m u stard or pepper if

, , , ,

w ith in the ir rea ch or ask ing the serva n t to brin g

,

it ; b u t never atte m pt to leave the ir seats to go in

search o f w h a t they n eed tho ugh c u sto m a llo w s
,

the m to do so at b reak fas t a nd l u ncheon .

S PRI NG (A pril, M ay , J u ne —
) fo r S ix .

S pring S o u p.

S a lm o n.

S tewed Pigeo ns , w ith C he rries .

B eef a la m o de .

Rem o v es .

Q ua rter o f La m b .

S pn ng C h ic k e ns , w ith T o ngu e .

C u c u m ber .

S alm i o f La rks .

Fr it Jelly
u . S o u ffl e i tea u N a po lita in
Ga . .

Ch eese S tra ws .

C h eese. B isc u its B u tt e r

. .

B ro w n B read Crea m . Le m on W a ter .

 D I N N E RS . 1 47

p t N —
S R G fo r T welve.

S a lm o n. Pla in W hiteba it a nd D ev illed Wh iteba it .

E n t rées
'
.

B eef O liv es . Q u e nelles o f Ra b bit .

Lo bs ter C u tlets . R efo rm C u tle ts .

Rem ov es .

Q u a rter o f L a m b . C a po n . w ith H a m .

G reen Pea s .

Ga m e.

Plo v ers .

I c ed S o u ffl e .

Fr it J
u elly . Pine a pple C ream
-
.

G o o sebe rry T a rt .

Ra m a k in s . R u ssia n S a la d.

V a nilla C rea m . O range W a ter .

S tra w b e rrie s . M elo ns .

1 48 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

SU M M ER ( l A S —
tem b er) fo r S ix
J y,
u u gu s t, e p .

J ulienne.

Red M u llet .

Lo bster Cu tlets . Ragout of S weetb rea ds.

H a u nc h of La m b .

Y o rk H a m a nd G reen Peas .

Qua il o r La rk s .

G ro use (A ugu s t ) .

Pa rt ridges (S eptem ber)

I c ed S o u ffl e .

S t ra wberry C rea m . Le m o n S po nge .

Plo v ers Eggs ’

G o rgo nz o la Cheese .

Pin e a pple
-
C rea m . C herry Wa ter .

Fru it .

Pine a ppl es
-
. S tra wberries . C herries . A pric o ts. M el o ns
.
 D I N N E R5 .

S U M M ER fo r T w elve .

S a lm o n.

E n t rees .

C u rried Eggs . S weetb rea ds a nd M ush roo m s.

Vo l a u Vent a la fina nc iere

’

Re m ov es .

I c ed A spa ra gu s .

L a rk s (J
) u ly .

B la c k C o c k (Augu st) .

B la c k Coc k (S ept ) .

I c e Pudding .

S t ra w berry l
el
J y . C h a rt reuse of A pric o ts .

Co n fitu re of N ec ta rin es . I c ed M eringu es .

Ch eese S tra w s
C heese .

N ea po l ita n C rea m . Ra s pberry W ater .

Fru it .

Pine apples.
-
S t ra wberries. Cherries . A pric o ts. M elo ns
1 50 G O OD S OCI E T Y .

A U T U M N (Oc t., No v .
, D ec .
—fo r S ix .

A rt ic h o k e .

J o hn D o ry .

E n t rées .

C u rried O x pala tes

-
. La rded S weetbrea ds .

Rem ov es.

S a ddle M u tto n . G u inea F o w l.

To m a to es.

W o o dc o c k .

C a binet Pu dding .

N o ya n J elly . C h a rlo tte Ru sse .

Ra m a k ins
C h eese .

Vanille Crea m . Le m o n W a ter .

Fru it .

Pine a pple
-
. Pea rs . G ra pes. M edla rs . F ilbert s.
 D I N N E RS . 1 51

—
A U T U N fo r T w elve .
M

Clea r Tu rtle .

W h ite .

S pa rling .

E n t rfes .

M u tto n C u tlets , w ith T o m a to S au c e .

O y ster Pa tties . S w ee tb rea ds .

B ee f O liv es.

H a u nc h of M u tto n . T u rk ey Po ult .

Phea sa nts .

S w eets .

B a k ew ell Pudding .

W ine Jelly . It alia n C rea m .

G a tea u de Po m m es. C ho c o la te C rea m .

F o n du o f Ch ees e . S a v o u ry Eggs .

V anilla C rea m . C u rra n t W ine .

Fru it .

P
ine a pple .
-
Pea rs . G ra pes . M edla rs . Filbert s.
t 52 GO OD S OC I E T Y .

W I N T E R (J a n ,
Feb .
, M a rc h ) fo r S ix -
.

B ru n o ise .

C rim ped C o d .

‘
E n t rees .

Fri c a ndea u o f V ea l .

S a ddle M u tto n . Pu llet .

S ea Ka le .

Wild D uc k .

'
A pple S o u ffl e .

Ra ta fia C rea m . Le m o n S po nge .

Pra wns .

R o q uefo rt Ch ees e . B u t t er .

Co ffee C re am . Ra spberry W a ter .

Fru it .

A pples . Pea rs . M edla rs . G ra pes . W al nu ts .

 D I N N E RS . I S3
\ VI N 1 E R— fo r T w elv e
'

Pa les tine .

T u rbo t . W h iting .

’
E n t rees .

Fri c a ndea u o f B eef . S tew ed Pigeo ns .

Q u enelles of L o b s te r . Re fo rm C u tlets .

H a unc h Veniso n . T u rk ey .

N ew Po ta to es . A s pa ra gu s .

Ga m e.

G u inea F o w l.

Plu m Pu dding .

Va n illa C rea m . M eringu es .

M a ra sc h ino J e lly C o n fitu re o f F ru it

. .

Ram ak in s .

S tilto n . B u tter .

Co ffee C rea m . S tra w berry W a t er .

 C H A PTE R XI I .

T EAS .

H igh —
Tea s Wh a t l
to pu t o n the T ab e, a nd h o w to p la c e it
A rra nge m en t o f D ra w ing ro o m
- — F
iv e o c lo c k T eas.
’

while the bu bb ling a nd lo u d h iss ing u rn

-

Th ro ws u p a stea m ing c o lu m n . a nd t he c u ps
W h ic h c heer bu t no t inebria te wa it o n ea c h .

T EA iss u pposed to be essentially the lad ies ’

m eal ; bu t there are co u n tless nu m b ers o f the

opposite sex who wh ile they s wallow j u st a n od d
,
”
c up beca u se it is m ade experience as m u ch e njoy
,

m e n t as those fo r w hose delectat io n it w a s sa id to

have bee n bre wed The re are t wo classes o f teas
.

“ “
great teas a nd l ittle teas the h igh or”

”
m eat teas wh ich co m e u n der the first de nom ina
,
” ”
t io n a n d handed tea or afternoo n tea w h ich
, , ,

place th e m selves u n de r the latter The first o f .

these is q u ite a cou n try in st itu t io n a n d scarcely ,

k no wn to the d welle rs in to w ns N o w a tea o f .

,

whateve r k in d m a y b e m ade o ne o f the m ost

,

agreea b le o f m eals fo r tea al ways see m s to prod u ce

soc iab il ity cheerfu l ness a nd vivac ity There is an
, ,
.

a ir o f co m fort a n d ho m e wh ic h hovers over the tea

table o ne w h ich the m ore form al d in ner ta ble c a n

,
 TE A S . 1 55

ne ver prese nt W hat m o re w elco m e a nd cheering

.

sight c a n m eet o u r ey e o n the retu rn from a lo ng

jou rn ey or d ista n t exc u rs ion or from a hardly ,

con tested battle o n the lawn te nn is gro u nd tha n -

the h iss ing steam ing u rn the a rray o f c u ps a nd

, ,

sa u ce rs the soc iable ge nial a ir wh ich the tea

, ,

table in variably prese n ts ? Let u s first speak o f

“ ”
h igh teas w h ich as we h av e re m a rked a re m ost
, , ,

in fash io n in the co u n t ry a nd fo r th is reaso n late ,

d in ners in terfere with t h e s ocia l inform a l l ife that ,

cou n try people a re w o n t to lea d a nd those wh o ,

are o n hospitable t hou ghts in te nt h ave no t the

sa m e opport u n it ies a ffo rded the m o f carry ing o u t
the ir w ishes For in stance it w o u ld be im possible
.
,

in m any h ou seholds to in v ite t wenty people to

d in ner at a few days n ot ice or if several frie nds ’

happe ned to c all b ringin g the ir vis itors with the m

, ,

they co u ld no t b e asked to stay if the evening m e al

were a d in ner bu t in e ither case it is qu ite feas ib le
, ,

whe n tea is in q u est io n V ery pleasan t ga therings .

m a y take place in th is w a y e ither in s u m m e r as a ,

t erm inat io n to archery or lawn te nn is or in winter as -

a prel u de to m u s ic ro u n d gam es at cards or chara des

, , .

A w h ite cloth is al ways la id o n the table fo r

”
h igh tea a nd 011 it down th e ce ntre are placed
,

flow ers a nd in s u m m er fru its

, Nothing look s ,
.

m ore te m pt ing t h a n b o w ls o f old ch ina filled w ith

ripe red st rawb erries a n d j ugs o f rich cream ,

by
the ir s ide G lass d ishes con ta ining preserved
.

fr u its o f d iffere n t colo u rs s u ch as apricots st raw , ,

berries m ar m alade &c take the ir sta nds at short

, , .
,

interva ls Cakes o f variou s k inds — pl u m rice

.
, ,

a nd spo nge a n d the n w ith in easy reach f the

; o
t ea drinkers
-
are hot m u flin s cru m pets t oast , , ,

tea c akes a nd what n o t A t o ne end o f the table

-

, .
1 56 G O OD S O CI E T Y .

the tea tray stands w ith its adj u ncts at the other
-

the co ffee is placed also o n a tray The s ideboard ,

.

is the receptacle o f the w e ight ier m atters s u ch as ,

cold sal m on pigeon and veal a nd ham pies boiled

, ,

an d roast fo w ls to ngu es ham veal ca ke ; a nd

, , ,
“ ”
shou ld it be a very h u ngry tea roast bee f a nd ,

la m b m ay be there fo r the ge ntlem e n o f the party .

The servan ts sho u ld be expe rt a n d handy as ,

there is a good deal o f waitin g to be do ne O ne .

shou ld hand the c u ps o f tea o n a w aiter together ,

with s ugar a n d crea m ; a n other sho u ld do the

sa m e w ith co ffee a nd both sho u ld take not ice o f
,

the em pty c u ps a nd take the m to be re fi lled

,
.

The n there shou ld b e o ne to ca rve a n d help at the

s ide board a nd another to cha nge the plates ha nd
, ,

bread a nd bu tter &c

- -
V ery o fte n the ge n tle m e n
,
.

wa it to a great exte n t u po n the lad ies a nd the m

sel ves o n these occas ion s A fter the fru it has bee n .

handed the servan ts leave the roo m

,
I t is u s ual .

fo r th e party to re m a in a s h ort t im e at the table

after the concl u sion o f the m eal .

S o m et im es a dan ce o n the la wn or o n the ,

drawing room carpet m u s ic talk or charades end

-

, , ,

a n e n terta in m e n t o f th is k in d ; b u t if da n c ing is

no t in trod u ce d the s u ccess o f a tea depe n ds m u ch

,

u po n the arra nge m e n t o f the recept io n roo m s .

The fu rn itu re shou ld be so arranged that the

room s m a y look fu ll a n d yet progress be n o t im ,

p ed e d . Ta bles a n d c h a irs sho u ld be so placed

that the gu ests nat u rally form the m selves in to l ittle
gro u ps a n d c a n with ease pass fro m o n e k not to
,

another A roo m st iffly arranged will destroy all

.

t he w ish fo r co n versat io n a n d m irth a n d a lso the ,

pow er o f prod u c ing it as w ell A n d aga in a n im .

, ,

m ed iate dep ress io n follo ws the fatal m o m e n t w he n ,

 TE A S . 1 57

e ither thro u gh forget fu l n ess o rig nora nce th e gu ests

‘

for m the m selves into a n u nb roke n c ircle rou n d the

roo m . Few people have the sa ng f roid to talk ,

m u ch less t a l k freely a nd w ell , whe n every o n e

c a n hea r the ir re m arks a nd yet fe w are too bas h fu l

to co nverse in a s m all grou p I t really requ ires .

that th e hostess shou ld keep her eye u pon her

co m pa ny in order to preve nt th is catastrophe a nd ,

to d isperse them in tim e fo r o nce th is c ircle form ed

, ,

it is a l m ost a n im poss ib il ity to break it u p A .

gloom pervades h ilar ity ceases only a n occas io n al

, ,

re m a rk is ve nt u red u po n a n d the p arty is c o n

,

verted in to a Qu aker s m eeting s im ply fro m th is

’
,

o ne c ircu m sta nce .

Little teas tak e place in th e afte rnoo n No w .

“ ”
that d inn ers are so late a nd that teas proper
,

a re postpo n ed in co nseq u e n ce to s u ch a n u n n at u ral

hou r as ten p m the wan t is felt o f the old fash io ned

. .
,
-

m eal at fiv e a nd so it has bee n reinstated tho u gh

, ,

n o t in q u ite the sa m e fo rm as be fore The m odern .

a ftern oo n tea takes place ab o u t five a n d the in ,

v ita t io n is by card in t im at in g that M rs

, w ill .

be A t ho m e o n s u ch a n afternoon N 0 a ns wer .

is n ecessary .Whe n the day arrives if yo u are dis ,

e ngaged a nd so d isposed yo u call u po n yo u r frie nd

, , ,

are u shered into her d raw ing room and there y o u -

find her a nd others w h o have c o m e o n the sa m e

erra n d as yo u rsel f The tea eq u ipage is placed
.

o n a ta b le n ear to the lady o f th e ho u se wh o h er ,

sel f d ispe nses the tea Us u ally th is equ ipage is

.

o ne specially des ig n ed fo r these occas io n s The .

cu ps a n d sau cers are sm a ller than those in u se at

other m eals a nd are o f a m ore dain ty a nd refi n ed
,

character . The othe r acco m pa n im e nts also a re

o n a s m aller scale— the spoo n s s ugar bas in a nd ,
1
58 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

to ngs cream ju g a re d istinctively s m all N 0 plate s

, , .

a re bro ught into the roo m except those w h ich hold

cake or rolled bread a nd b u tte r G e ntle m e n o f .

,

co u rse w ill te nder the ir services ; bu t they sho u ld

,

n o t be too o flic io u s or o v e r a n x io u s to do t h e ir d u ty
-
.

There a re m e n w ho w il l perpetu ally be ha nd ing -

cake a nd o fl ering to do th is that a n d the oth er

'

, , ,

abo u t the tea tray Pee ple do n o t asse m ble at

-
.

these five o clock teas to eat a nd d rink bu t m erely

’
,

to see a nd ta lk to each ot her a nd take a c u p o f ,

tea the wh ile as a re fresh m e nt S m all tables sho u ld .

be placed he re a nd there so th at people c a n gro u p

,

ro u nd the m a nd u s e the m .

I f these a ftern oo n recept io ns are o n a large scale ,

it is n ecess a ry fo r se rva nts to ha nd the tea or fo r ,

the tea to be po u red o u t by a ser v an t in an other

roo m to w h ich each g u est is as ked to go by the
,

lady o f the hou se som e t im e d u ring the ho u r they

“ ”
re m ain in the ho u se ; bu t as l ittle teas a re
thoro u ghly soc ial gathe rings serva nts sho u ld be ,

excl u ded if poss ible S eve ral new feat u res have
.

lately b ee n in t rod u ced into th is phase o f soc ial l ife

w h e n g u ests go by inv it a t io n E n th u s iasts o f wh ist
.

collect the ir fo rces a nd e njoy a good ru bber bet wee n

afte rnoo n tea a nd d inner A da nce o n the carpe t.

fi nds favo u r w ith the yo u ng people S o m et im es th e .

hostess e n tertains h er frie nds by e ngag ing a p ro

fessio na l m u s ic ia n or a rec ite rto exh ib it their tale nts .

We do no t k no w whether co u n try people a re so fa r

de m oral ised as to in trod u ce these e n terta inm e nts ,

bu t it is at a ny rate a Lo ndo n fash io n

, ,
Y o u ta ke .

you r depart u re whe never y o u feel incl ined bu t ,

sho u ld o n no accou nt stay late r tha n s eve n o cloc k

’
.
 C H A PTER XI I I

S U PPE RS .

S u ppe rs giv e plac e t o D inn ers Ro m a n Bill o f a re—A ppo int

F
m en t s o f th e T a ble— F renc h D ispla y — O u r S u p per Ta bles
—I m p ro m pt u S u ppe rs— B a ll S u ppe rs .

I s su p per rea dy , t h e h o u se t rim m ed,

Ru s h es s t rew ed c o b webs s we p t
,

S na ke spea re.
S o ft h e s et
A t a b le a nd th re w t h ereo n
,

A c lo th o f w o v en c rim s o n go ld a n d jet
, , .

Fo rt h fro m t h e c lo s et b ro u gh t a h ea p
O f c a n died a pples , q
u in c e a n d p lu m , a n d
, g o u rd,

j
W ith ellies sm o o t h er t h a n t h e c rum m y c u rd,
A nd lu c e nt sy ru ps t in c t w it h c in nam o n ,

M a n na a n d da te s . a n d s p ic ed da in t ies every o ne
Fro m s ilk e n S a m a rc a n d t o c e da red L e b a no n

T H I S m eal wh ich u sed to be in all cou nt ries o ne

,

o f the m ost im porta n t has no w give n wa y to its

,

great rival d in ne r a n d has itsel f s u n k in to c o m

, ,

p ara t iv e ins ignific a n c e S u ppe r in.the old e n t im es

wa s the secon d m eal in the day at w h ic h the w hole ,

ho u sehold m et together It wa s se rved in the hall .

,

w ith m u ch the sa m e form a n d se rvice as d in n er ;

the table wa s ple n tifu lly covered w ith good th ings ,

a nd the co m pa ny bega n a n d e nded the ir repast by

w ash in g the ir ha nds a pa rt in g c u p w a s the n ha n ded

,

rou nd a nd the adjo u r nm e n t fro m the s u ppe r table

,
r60 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

was to bed T h u s th e good peop le appear to hav e

.

“ ”
ig no red the ir o wn ad age A fter s u ppe r r un a m ile
, .

I f a ny d ist ingu ished perso nages w ere to be e n ter

ta ined e ithe r at Co u rt or else w h ere the inv itat io n
, ,

wa s al w ays to s u ppe r .

The m ed ical fraternity g ive th is m eal a very bad

nam e a n d shake the ir heads at hot s u ppers pa r
,

t ic u la rly ; b u t the re a re t im es a nd seaso n s w h e n

i
th is m eal m u st be ncl uded i the day s l ist fo r
n — ’

instance it is m o re co nve n ie nt fo r so m e h o u se h olds

,

to d ine in the m iddle o f the day t h e n the eve nin g ,

m eal beco m es a s u pper ; o r w he n a b u s in ess m a n

retu rns ho m e late fro m the C ity he loo ks forward ,

to h is cosy wel l earn ed s u pper A t a n eve nin g

,
-
.

party or ba ll th e s u pper also form s a very im portan t

ele m en t T he Rom ans s u pped at three p m a nd
.
‘
. .
, ,

a m o ngst othe r equ ally to us u ninv it ing v ia n ds ,

u sed t h e n to eat ass dog a nd s nails The fo l

, , .

lo wing b ill o f fare is no t a very te m pt ing o ne to

m o de rn palates altho ugh a n im m e nse im prove m e n t
,

o n dog a nd do nkey z — “
Sea hedgehogs oysters , ,

asparag u s s u cceeded by ve niso n w ild boar a n d

, , ,

sea nettles co ncl u ded by fo wl ga m e a nd c akes

, , , .

I think we m a y fa irly c la im t hat o u r s u ppers

—
l ittle o r b ig are m ore c ivil ised a n d da inty tha n
th is
.

The arrange m e nts o f the table a re o f the sa m e

form al a nd prec ise nat u re as those o f a d in ner a n d ,

all the appo in t m e n ts sho u ld sh ine a nd gl itter as ,

good glass and ho nest s ilver al w ays w ill if servants

do the ir d u ty by the m Few perhaps eve n o f the
.
, ,

w ealth iest no w adays m ake a d isplay eq u al to that

,

o f the French Co u rt in the l u x u r io u s age o f Lo u is

XV . S u ch e nte rtain m e n ts as the follo w ing were by
n o m ea n s extraord ina ry — “
The table looked l ike
 S U PPE RS . 1 61

a m oun tain o f snow ; it s s u rface was accord ing to ,

the fas h ion rib bed in fanc ifu l a nd w aving p la its so

, ,

as to represe n t the c u rre n t o f a st rea m crisped by

a pa ss ing b reez e Th is stream bore upo n its
.

boso m a pro u d array o f gold a nd s ilver vases ,

crysta l cu ps a nd goblets all o f rarest w ork m an sh ip

,
.

There w ere

s h es o f a ga t e set in go ld. a n d stu dded

W it h em era lds , s a p ph ires h y a c int h s a nd ru b ies
, .
’

Fancy ra n r iot am o ngst the e ndless variet ies o f

piqu a n t viands pyram ids o f co nfectio n ery p iles o f ,

c ho icest fru its appe ared at in te rvals w h ile a n t iq u e

,

shaped u r ns steam ed w ith the ric h prod u ce o f t h e

—
grape fo r wines w ere the n d rank hot a nd spiced
”
fo r t h e m ost part B u t w e m u st co m e a way fro m
.

fa iry la nd to o u r m ore sobe r cou n t ry a n d every da y

- -

do in gs .

S u pper ta b les c a n be m ade to look nice a nd

tem pt ing e no ugh by the b estow al o f a l it tle care
an d inge n u ity u po n the m The garnish ing o f the
.

d ishes adds greatly to the ge n eral appeara nce o f

the table as well a s the neatness a nd p rec is io n
,

with w h ich those d ishes are placed u po n it The .

eye m a y b e grat ified as w ell a s the palate b u t at ,

the sam e t im e due care m u st be take n that all is

no t m erely gl itte r an d show that appea ra n ces are
,

n o t decept ive bu t that o u r fu rthe r acq u a intan ce

,

with w h at is spread be fore u s in creases o u r first

adm irat ion a n d does n o t t u rn it in to d isappoint
,

m e n t a n d d isapprobat io n .

I f the s u pper is fo r a s m all nu m b er o n a n ,

ord in ary occa s ion m eats a nd s weets m ay be placed

,

u po n i t w h ich have appe a red be fo re o n ly they n eed ,

K
1 62 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

no t h av e prec ise ly the sa m e form O f th is w e h a ve .

spoke n else where with regard to cold l u nch eon s ;

,

a n d th is appl ies eq u ally to s u ppers bu t s u ppos in g

hot d ishes were requ ired w ith l ittle not ice wh y , ,

the n th e re m ains o f the ch icke n m ight be fricasseed ,

w h at is le ft o f the rabb it m ade in to a c u rry a ,

savo u ry o m e lette is qu ickly prepared oysters a re ,

soo n scalloped an d m u shroo m s grilled bee f c a n ,

be m inced a sole fried sp in ach bo iled a n d crested

, ,

w ith poac h ed eggs sw eetbreads cooked m aca ro n i

, ,

a nd cheese m ade to agree or a part ridge roasted , .

A ny o f these d ishes m a y be q u ickly served a n d ,

they are a ll s u itable fo r t h e s u pper table The n as .

to s weets Tarts co n tain ing a ny k ind o f fru it a n d

.
,

m o u lds o f eve ry desc ript io n together w ith cakes , ,

cheese biscu its a nd b u t ter form the second a n d

, , ,

last cou rse .

N o w w e t u rn to a m ore form idable ba n q u et a ,

s u pper in co nnect io n with a n eve n ing party or ball ,

w h ich closely rese m bles a w edd ing break fast .

Flo we rs a nd fr u its sho u ld occ u py th e m iddle o f t h e

table fro m o ne end to the other
,
Bon bo n s .
,

cracke rs a n d orna m e n ted cakes s h ou ld sp ri ng u p

,

o n all s ides togeth e r w ith frothy trifl es q u ivering

, ,

j el lies s n o wy cre am s a nd l ight so u fliés all placed

, , ,

in glass d ishes The n the re are oyster patt ies

.
,

savou ry jel lies lobste r salads veal cakes a nd the

, , ,

m o re s u bsta ntial d is h es o f cold sal m o n ga m e ie

p ,
—
,

i u rk
bo led t ey o wls bo led a nd roasted these
f i ,

sho u ld have bee n carved be fore com ing to tab le ,

a nd t ied toget he r in the ir o riginal for m w ith w h ite

s a t in ribbo n so that the person befo re who m they

,

are placed has no fu rther trou ble than to u nt ie the

bo w a nd pu t each p iec e o n a plate as req u ired .

Ham s to ngu es a nd gam e every th ing is cold a t

, , ,
 S U PPE RS . 1 63

thes e s u ppers exc ept sou p wh ich is no w o fte n

,

han d ed in c u p s
. Ne ither vegetables no r ch eese
s h o w the m selve s Ices shou ld be prov ided a nd
.
,

t h e beverages are s h erry claret l ight a n d S park

, ,

l ing win es a nd the d iffe ren t k inds o f c u ps ch a m

, ,

pag ne be ing the greatest favo u r it e .

 CH A PTER XI V .

BA L LS .

—
S ea so ns fo r Ba lls D a nc es — D —
iffe en t S ty les Public B a lls
r
H o w to m a na ge th em — — —
T ic k ets I n tro du c t io ns D u ties
o f S te w a rds — F n
a cy D ress B ll
a s — P riva te B a lls — Ro o m s
ne c es sa r
— — — —
G o o d D a nc ers M u s ic Ligh ts D ec o ra tio ns
y
Clo a k ro o m-
T ea ro o m
-
D ra w ing ro o m - — B a ll
ro o m -

D ut e o f t e
i s h E n r i
te t a n e rs t o h
t e ir G u e s t s — Pa rtners
to th eir Pa rtn ers— Ca rd ro o m
”
-
Cinderella D an c es .

I b e p leas e d w it h a ny o ne
c o u ld
W h o entert a ined m y sight w it h su c h ga y s ho w s .
A s m e n a nd wo m e n m o v ing he re a nd t he re
, ,

T h a t c o u rsing o n e a no t h er in t h eir s te ps ,
H a ve m a de t h eir fee t a t u ne .

WI N T E R o n e w o u ld th ink to be the proper a nd o n ly

seaso n fo r the e nj oym e nt o f the da nce Whe n .

sharp n orth c asters b low a nd ic icles hang pe nde nt

-

fro m eve ry roo f a n d tree the n is t h e t im e fo r act ive

,

exerc ise by day a nd night o n the ic e bo u nd lake

, ,
-

a nd in the m azy wh irl in th e ball roo m B u t yo u ng

-
.

blood al ways e njoys be ing in m ot ion ; a nd da nc ing

o n the gree n t u r f at t h e close o f a s u m m er p ic n ic ,

a fte r a n a fter n oo n s hard w ork o n the lawn te n nis

’
-

g ro u nd o r a carpet waltz begu n im pro m ptu o n a n

,

a u t u m n evenin g— each a nd a ll a re acceptable a n d ,

enjoyed with as m u ch z est as the T wel fth n igh t -

 BA L L S . 1 65

ba ll is in cold Ja nu ary ; at n o seaso n is da nc ing

cons idered u n seaso nable .

It is am u s ing to see in wh at l ights t h e ball roo m -

is v ie wed by the chapero n s a nd the chape ro ned .

It h a s b ee n descr ibed by o ne o f the fo rm e r as a

co n fi ned place in w h ic h poor creatu res are c o n
dem ned by fash io n to hard l abo u r ; w h ile to o ne
o f the latter the m ot io n o f the da ncers appea rs to
,

be l ike
q
A fin e s w eet ea rt h u a k e gent ly m o ved
B y t h e s o ft w ind o f d1s pers ing s ilks .

The n again the style o f dan c ing is deprec iated by

, ,

the elde rly frequ e nte rs wh o sa y the re is no su ch

,

th ing as danc ing n owadays it is o n ly ru nning ,

“
rou nd the roo m I n m y yo u ng day s
. say they , ,
“
t h ere was a h eartiness in the da nc ing w h ich it ,

lack s no w ; the yo u ng people ha d th e n som e m e t tle

in the ir heels
”
W h e n we co m e to in qu ire what
.

th is m u ch ad m ired an d lam e nted style was we find ,

that it m ight th u s be desc ribed in the la ngu age o f

A ristophan es He s t rikes a nd fl u tt ers l ike a cock
,

he cape rs in the a ir he k icks u p h is heels to the

,
”
stars . Certa in ly w e o f the presen t day c a n lay
,

claim to m ore grace a nd elegan ce if no t to equ al ,

ag il ity .

The l ist o f da nces no w in fash ion is o f greater

le ngt h than it wa s som e years ago A t that t im e .

the valse the lancers a nd the galop seem ed to

, ,

occ u py the p rogram m e T he tw o first dances st ill

.

co nt inu e to be the fa vou rites bu t othe rs have b ee n ,

re introd u ced : the

-
polka tak es t u rn with the
valse a nd the q u adrille so m etitn es takes the
,

place o f that ever be wildering n ever to be re m em

-

,
- - -

bered m az e the lancers T he coqu ettish cot ill ion.

, .
16 6 GOOD S OCI E T Y .

the friendly co u ntry da nce a nd the m erry reel a re

,

freq u e n tly da nced : o f the t wo l a tter the S w ed ish ,

dance a nd the H ig hla nd sc hott ische are ch iefly

chose n Eve n the stately m inu et t he galliards
.
, ,

the bransle a nd th e torrean o da nced by cou rtly

, ,

k n ights a nd d ign ified dam es ce n t u ries ago a re ,

l ikely to be b ro u ght for ward again .

First let u s speak o f p u bl ic balls a m o ngst wh ich ,

are co u nty b alls h u n t b alls hosp ital balls bachelors

, , ,
’

—
ball s in fact a n y b a ll fo r w h ic h tickets have to be
,

bou gh t in order to gain ad m itta nce W he n a ball .

o f th is k in d is in prospect t h e first th ing to do is

,

to form a co m m ittee o f ge ntle m e n wh o will take a n

in terest in s u ch a proceed ing a nd devote the ir t im e
,

a n d e n erg ies to carry ing the pla n o u t efl ec tu a lly

'

T h e first proceed ing o f the co m m ittee is to a sk

lad ies o f ran k and po sitio n to b eco m e p atro nesses .

W he n t h e ir co n se nt is obtain ed the ball sho u ld be ,

a nno u nced in the ne wspape rs togethe r wit h a l ist ,

o f the lady patro nesses and t he nam es a nd

,

addre sses o f the ste ward s These ste w ards are

.

a ppo in ted to m an age the ball itsel f a nd in order ,

to keep the co m pan y select t h e tickets c a n be

o bta in ed th ro ug h the m a nd the lady patro n esses
alon e I n the ca se o f a c o u n ty ball n o t o nly m u st
.
,

t h e n am es o f t hose w is h ing to b u y t ickets b e se nt

in b ut if t h ey are strangers they m u st prese n t a n
,

in trod u ct io n fro m so m e o ne person ally k n o w n to

the ste wards or lady patro n esses as the c a s e m a y ,

b e A p u bl ic h al l or roo m is engaged fo r the

.

occas ion a nd as a proper decorator is em ploy ed

, ,

we w ill n o t in ter fere w ith h is ideas bu t leave h im ,

to tu rn the bare a nd dreary room into a s m il ing ,

b ril liant hall a feat ge nerally very sat is factorily

,

ac c o m pl ished .
 BA L LS . I 67

At these balls introd uct ion s are e ffected throu gh

the stewa rds who wea r so m e b adge o f offi ce in the
,

sha pe o f a rosette or ribbo n I f a gen tlem an asks.

h im to find a part ner he m a y go to a ny la dy he

,
“
sees wh o is n o t dan c ing an d say M ay I introd u ce
, ,

y o u to a p a rt n er fo r th is da n ce ? The ste w ard ,

having per form ed h is part retires a nd the ge ntle

, ,

m a n asks the lady if he m a y have the plea s u re o f a

’
dan ce w ith her The steward s post is no s in ec u re
.
,

fo r h is a im sho u ld be n o t o n ly that a ball sho u ld go

o ff w ell as the phrase is bu t th a t everybody s h o u ld
, ,

e nj oy it so if he sees a ny lady n o t da n c ing m u ch ,

he sho u ld seek o u t ge n tle m en w hom he c a n in tro

du ce to her as partn ers The n th e form ing o f the
.

squ are da nces devolves u po n him ; a n y alte rat io n s

in the p rogram m e m u st be co m m u nicated throu g h
h im to the m u s icia ns ; he m u st see as well a s he
c a n that the c ha pero n s have bee n take n in t o

su pper a nd if th e sp irit o f the e nterta inm e nt

appears to be fl agging p u t forth a ll h is e n erg ies to
,

revive it . P u blic balls begin abou t eleve n p m .

a nd e nd abo u t fo u r a m . .

Fan cy dress b alls are no t o f very freq u e nt occ u r

re nce bu t wh e n th e arrangem e n ts are carr ied o u t
w ith sp irit a nd inge n u ity t h ey prese nt at o n ce a
m ost u n iq u e gay a n d im pos ing spectacle
, , People .

w ho atte nd the m m u st go d ressed in a ny costu m e

except that they u su ally w ear Many ass um e well .

k nown h istorical characte rs ; others adopt the

n at io nal costu m es o f d iffere nt co u n tries It is .

al ways wel l to choose a character a nd style o f dress

su ita b le to the chara cter face a nd fig u re o f the
, ,

wearer ; fo r in sta nce a fair co m plex io n ed perso n

,
-

shou ld no t assu m e the garb o f an Ital ian or a

gipsy no r a s m all a nd in s ignifican t o ne appear a s
,
I 68 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

He nry V I I I or Marie A n toin ette The portra its

. .

o f the old m asters a fl o rd a m ple a nd rel iable in for m

'

ation as to cost u m e o n a wide ra nge fo r those

wh o take p a rt in t h e s e revelries .

The first th ing to be co n s idered be fore decid ing

to give a private ball is w hether y o u have roo m s
e nou gh an d w hether they are fitted fo r the p u rpose
, .

I n order to have yo u r arra nge m e nts co m plete s ix ,

or seve n room s at lea st shou ld be set apart fo r th is

fest ivity — t wo cloak roo m s tea a n d re fresh m e n t
-

roo m dra wing room fo r the re cept io n ball roo m

,
-

,
-

card a nd s u pper roo m s Card tables c a n be placed.

in the dra wing roo m w he n a separate roo m fo r the ir

-

u se is no t a va ilable .

Every g iver o f a bal l looks for ward to be ing re

paid fo r the tro u ble a nd anxiety wh ich it necessarily
entails b y the su ccess o f the e nte rtainm e nt To .

en s u re th is there a re o ne or t wo esse n tial po ints

wh ich m u st be heeded O f co urse fo r the dance
.
,

to be per fect everyth ing o u ght to be o f the best

,

good roo m good floor good dance rs good m u s ic

, , , ,

a nd good s u ppe r ; bu t it is im poss ible to co m pass

the whole o f th is l ist in eve ry case ; there fore the ,

ind ispe nsables m u st be p o inted o u t We ca nn ot .

alter the s ize a nd shape o f o u r roo m s bu t o n e ,

m u st be chose n as la r ge as poss ible a nd n early ,

squ are if possible fo r a long narro w roo m is fatal to

,

danc ing ; no r c a n we lay o u r floors a fresh bu t w e ,

n eed n o t fat ig u e o u r g u ests by obl ig in g the m to

d ance u po n ca rpet There c a n be n o dou bt that
.

a pol ished floor s u ch as o ne m eets w ith o n the

,

Con t ine nt is the pleasa ntest a nd eas iest to d ance

,

u po n b u t if o u r boards are ro u gh o n es a b ro wn
, ,

holland covering stretched tightly over the m will be

a good s u bs t it u te fo r m ore s u bstan tial sm ooth ness,
 B A L LS . 1 69

if p roperly do ne a nd is fa r pre ferable to another

,

device wh ich is som et im es m ost u nw isely resorted

to— v iz wa xing the floor A short t im e ago I
.
,
.

wa s at a l a rge ball in a co u n ty tow n wh ere th is

was do n e a nd the m isery a nd vexat io n to wh ich it
,

gave rise w ere very great Not o nly were o u r feet .

gl u ed to the floo r to be severed o nly by a de te r

,

m in ed wre n ch a t eve ry step w e took b u t t h e de ,

—
stru ct io n o f d ress w as terrible velvets s ilks a nd ,
,

satin s w ere q u ite S po ilt by the wa x wh ich adhered

to them and n o dou bt m an y w ere the secret tea rs
s h ed that night whe n th e fair w ea rers laid t he m by .

G ood dancers too it is n o t with in the

, ,

a ny hostess to co m m a n d S h e c a n o nly inv

.

wh o dan ce — she ca nnot e ns u re the ir da nc ing well .

S he m u st inv ite m any gu es ts too to fill her roo m s , , ,

a nd those w h o da nce w ell are few Th is accom pl ish .

m e n t is acq u ired to a certain deg ree by eve ry g irl ,

bu t w hethe r it is that the o the r sex are co n st it u t io n

ally ga u efze or that they have n o t been vo u chsa fed
,

the sam e opport u nit ies we w ill no t decide c er ta in

,

it is that bad part n ers a re m ore frequ e ntly c o m

plained o f b y the l a d ies than by the ge ntle m e n

H e r fee t b e nea t h h er pe t t ic o a t
L ike litt le m ic e pee ped in a n d o u t ,

A s if t h ey fea red t h e ligh t

A nd o h sh e da n c es su c h a w a y
N o su n u po n a n Ea s t er da y
W ere h a lf so fine a s igh t .
"

A nd n o w read a ge n eral descr ipt io n of a ge n tle m an

danc ing the lan cers !

“
Her partner has n ever spoke n d u ring the first
S a tu rday Review .
1 70 G OOD S O CI E T Y .

fou r fig u res He has no m em o ria tee/iniea to help

.

h im . When he valses h e co u nts alo u d H is .

ideas are beginn ing to desert h im a nd he is pu shed ,

in to the m iddle as som e k ind o f bewildering m u sic

com m e nces H e re m em b ers t hat there are t wo
.

wo m e n in p in k a nd o ne in bl u e wh o belo n g to h is
set bu t the nondesc ript appea rance o f the fo u rth
,

u psets all his calc u lat io n s He ru ns ab ou t a im .

lessly is fou nd advanc ing with fou r girls no w

, ,

g iving both h is hands to o n e o f h is o wn sex n o w ,

sta nd ing m ot ionless o n a dress The res u lt is .

d isa strou s a nd he em erges o u t o f the slou gh o f

,

despond bewildered a nd haggard .

G ood m u s ic is a s ine q u a no n I f th is b e no t .

—
sec u red no m atter w hether the entert ainm e n t be
” “
w hat is ca lled a dance or a ball it w ill -

certainly be a fail u re The want o f it destroys

.

all chance o f e njoym e nt I t is im poss ible to

.

”
dance well to b ad m u sic Bad m u s ic m ean s
.

u n eve n u ncerta in play in g a nd th is is s u re to b e

, ,

the res u lt whe n am ate u rs atte m pt to play fo r

dan cers Then too it is u nfa ir to im pose s u ch
.
, ,

a laborio u s a nd m o n oto no u s task o n you r g u ests .

I f the party is to be a s m all o n e have a profic ie n t ,

m a n or wo m a n to play the p ia n o ; if it be a

large o ne the n o ne or two instr um e nts as well a s

,

the p iano are necessary s u ch as v iol in cor net or

, , ,

harp varied by the add ition o f b ells a nd tria ngles

, .

The place in the roo m that these m u s ic ia ns sho u ld

occ u py is a d iffic u lt m atter to dec ide They .

al ways see m in the wa y The sa y ing abo u t .

ch ildre n that they sho u ld be seen a nd no t heard

, ,

sho u ld be reversed if pos sible with th is ba nd o f

, ,

m u s ic ia ns They shou ld be heard bu t no t seen ;

.

or at a ny rate the ir bod ily pres ence shou ld no t

 B A LLS . 17I

be obtr u s ive The b est plan w e have see n is to

.

place a l ittle w oode n h u t ou ts ide the windows

o f t h e da nc in g roo m a n d take o u t the w indo w
,

fram e at the sa m e t im e sc ree nin g it as m u ch as

,

po ssible with evergree n s ferns a nd flo wers ; bu t , ,

o f co u rse th is is n o t al w ays pract icable fo r s e veral ,

reasons .

The s u pper has bee n treated o f in another

chapter so w e will o n ly e m phas ise the n ec e ss ity
,

fo r s u bsta n t ial ity as w ell as elega nce a nd pass o n ,

to other details .

A ll the roo m s in the ho u se sho u ld be br ill ian tly

l ighted fo r l ight in d u ces gaiety a n d m irth Dark
, .

ness e n ge n ders s ile nce a nd gloo m The illu m i .

n at io n o f the b all roo m is a nothe r diflic u lty wh ich

-

besets the g iver o f d a nces espec ially if the ho u se ,

be a cou ntry o ne G a s m ak es a roo m very hot

.

a n d o ppress ive n o do u bt
, bu t it is the easiest ,

a nd m o s t e ffect u al m ode o f l ight ing a roo m if it is ,

avail a ble a nd good ve nt ilation c a n do m u ch to

,

re m edy the ev ils it carries w ith it Wa x can dles .

a re obj ect ion able o n these occas io ns b ecau se , ,

fa nned a n d irritated by the co n tinu al m ot io n o f

the da n cers they d rop t he ir waxy tears o n coat
,

a nd dress the t rac es o f wh ich re m ain fo r ever

,

a nd a day Fre nch lam ps placed o n brackets at

.
,

s h ort d ista nces a nd h igh e nou gh to be o u t o f the

,

wa y shed the so ftest a nd m ost pleas in g l ight

,
If .

the d a n ce is o f lo ng d u rat ion the lam ps m a y ,

requ ire to be re trim m ed o n e by o ne d u r ing the

-

co u rse o f the eve ning or dark ness w ill perchance ,

desce nd u po n t h e sce n e .

T here c an not be too grea t a d isplay o f flowers .

The firepl aces shou ld be scree ned with the m or

w ith la rge fer n s so filled as to rese m b le a garde n
,
1 7 2 GOOD S OCI E T Y .

ba nk T h e m antelp ieces m a y be cover ed w ith

.

s m al l tin trays co ntaining flo wers C o nsole tables

,
.
,

or any other flat s u r face m ay be decorated in l ike ,

m a n ner ; a n d o n the sta ircase belo w the ba n ister , ,

flo w ers are ofte n ar ra nged so as to appear as if

g ro wing t h ere I n fact the wh ole shou ld rese m ble
.
,

as n ear as m a y b e the ball roo m s in France d u ring -

the l u xu r io u s age o f the fam ed Lou is Qu atorze ,

“
o f w h ich w e read th a t perfu m es exhaled fro m
a th ou sand aro m at ic lam ps fragra n t exot ics ,

filled the a ir w ith t h e ir sw eet scen ts wh ile m u sic ,

so ft a nd lo w b reath ed fro m a b a nd o f u nsee n

m instre ls .

A b road p iece o f ca rpet sho u ld be u nrolled fro m

th e h all door to the carriage steps a nd where the
d istance betwee n the two is great an aw ning ,

sh ou ld be stretched o v er the passage A s the .

gu ests arrive they are u s h ered into the cloak

,

roo m s A m aid shou ld b e at her post in t hat

.

reserved fo r lad ies to give her a id in straighte n ing

,

d resses arrangin g hair a nd re m ov ing all trace o f

, ,

the sl ight d isorder cau sed b y th e carriage d rive .

S h e sho u ld be arm ed w ith n eedle a nd thread to

s ew u p the in ev ita b le tea rs a nd re n t s wh ich occ u r

d u ring the even ing s cam paign It is also well t o

’
.

n u m ber hats sha wls an d clo aks that they m ay

, , ,

be restored as q u ickly as poss ible to their o wn ers

o n the ir dep a rt u re The lady hav ing put a finish
.

ing to u ch to her hair a n d the ge n tle m an to h is

,

t ie the tw o are n ext co n d u cted to the tea roo m

,
-
.

Here a table is laid o u t w ith tea a n d co ffee cakes ,

a n d b isc u its the beverages be in g d ispe nsed b y a

,

se rvant A fter hav ing partaken o f a c u p o f o ne or

.

other the n ew a rr ivals e m erge from th is room a nd

,

a re the n sho wn into the dra wing roo m w here the -

,
 B ALLS . 1 73

lady o f th e ho u se receives her gu ests D anc ing

shou ld beg in d irectly there is a s u ffic ie nt nu m ber
o f people prese n t to m ak e a respec ta b le sho w .

I n qu ad rilles a n d other squ are da nces those co u ples ,

wh o are at the top o f the roo m al wa y s b egin the

figu re.

The d iffe re n t m em bers o f the fam ily shou ld a ll

u nite in t ry ing to sec u re the pleas u re o f the ir
gu ests by not ing those w ho a re com para tive
,

stran ge rs and introdu c ing the m to part ners rather

, ,

giv in g u p the ir o wn than allow ing the ir gu ests to

feel the m selves n eglected It is co n s ide red to be .

the d u ty o f the so n o f the hou se to da n ce with

each lady an d the da u ghte r m u st no t be part ial
, ,

n o r eve r re fu se to accept as a part n er a ny g u est o f

h er fathe r s fo r at least o n e da nce A lady and

’
.

ge n tle m an o f m y acqu ainta nce we nt n o t lo ng a go

to a pr ivate ball a n d as it h appe n ed fou nd the m
, , ,

selves stra ngers to all prese nt Th is need have .

bee n no dra wback if their entertain e rs had do ne

,

t he ir parts w ell bu t as it wa s they w e re le ft en t irely ,

to them selves a nd n o t introdu ced to a ny b ody S o

,
.

they dan ced w ith o ne anoth er w ent by the m s elves ,

to s u p per a nd the n w en t ho m e deeply a nd j u stly

,

annoyed by the wan t o f thou gh t to designate it ,

by n o ha rs her nam e d isplay ed by the ir host and

,

h ostess a nd the ir so n s a nd daughters S u ch .

n eglect is u n pa rdo nable .

The tea roo m c a n be u sed as a re fresh m e nt

-

roo m ; if poss ible it sho u ld be o n the sa m e floo r

,

a s the da nc ing roo m The table sho u ld be w ell

-
.

s u ppl ied w ith ices a n d cu ps o f claret c ide r a nd , ,

cha m pa gn e ; le m on ade sherry co ffee s m all c a kes

, , , ,

b isc u its a nd w afers T w o or three servan ts sh o u ld

, .

be in c o nsta nt atte nda nce .

I 74 G OOD S OCI E TY .

The fa sh ion o f program m es h as b ecom e al m ost

ob solete at the be st L o ndon b alls wh ich is a p it y , ,

as they w ere n o t o nly pretty sou venirs o f the balls

o f a seaso n bu t also m ost co nve nie n t a ids to
,

m e m ory at the t im e being ; fo r if a g irl has m a ny

part n e rs it is no easy m atter fo r h er to re m e m ber

to who m she is e ngaged fo reach da nce Ho w ever .
,

the cap ric iou s goddess fo r the t im e w ills it othe r

wise a n d o nly at co u n try b a lls are progra m m es
,

st ill fo u n d to s u rv ive .

“
It is co ns idered bad m an ne rs if a m a n fails
to co m e a nd claim h is part ner w hen the da n ce
is abou t to co m m e n ce or fo r the lady to break her
,

prom ise by accept ing a ny other part ner wh o m a y

have asked fo r the pleasu re o f t he sa m e da nce in
the inter im .

I f a lady decl ines to da nce w ith a n y o ne w ho

m a y req u est her bu t w ith w ho m she do es n o t wish
,

to b eco m e acq u ainted a nd has n o plea o f a for m er

,

e ngagem e nt to offer fo r her re fu sal the best co u rse ,

to take is no t to dance that particu lar dance at

,

all and the n a ny chance o f h u rt ing the feelings o f

,

t h e rej ected o n e is a v o ided .

The nu m ber o f tim es that a lady sho u ld da n c e

w ith the sam e part n er except u n de r spec ial c ir
,

c u m sta n c es sho u ld be l im ited

,
Ne v er so o fte n a s .

e ither to attract observat io n o r to call fo rth re ,

m a rks o n the s u bj ect .

A fte r a da nce the ge n tle m a n asks h is p a rt n er

whether she w ill take a n y re fresh m e n t a n d if sh e ,

re pl ies in the a ffirm at ive he escorts her to the roo m

a n d proc u res her a n ic e o ffe rs to hold a c u p fo r
,

h er a nd w he n the m u s ic fo r the n ext da nc e

,

beg in s he co nd u cts her to h er chapero n w he n ,

she d ise ngages hersel f fro m his arm they bo w to ,

 B A LLS . I 75

o ne a nother a nd he leaves he r It is n o t c u s
, .

to m a ry to pro m e nade m u ch a fter a da nce .

P rivate balls u s u ally begin at t en p m a nd end . .

,

abou t th ree a m su pper a t o n e a m

. . .

The ge n tle m an w ith who m the l ady has b ee n

last dan c ing ge nerally takes her in to s u pper .

I t is necessary to bid good night to you r -

hostess bu t y o u go away qu ietly that you r de

, ,

part u re m a y n o t be not ice d lest it shou ld te n d to

,

b reak u p the party .

I n the forego ing pages p u b l ic a nd private balls

,

o n a large scale have bee n desc ribe d The ente r .

“
ta inm e nts k no w n by the na m e o f C inderella
”
Da nces are o f a less elaborate a n d expe ns ive
character . They originated fro m the des ire o f
you ng people to m eet frequ e ntly fo r the pleas u re
“
o f dan c ing A .C inderella Dance b egins at
e ight p m a n d e nds as the clock st rikes th e hou r
. .
,

of m id n ight — h e n ce the o rigin o f the t itle No .

su ppe r is provided or expected re fresh m ents su ch

as c o fl ee tea b isc u its a nd claret o n ly are set o n
'

, , , ,

the table s .
 C H A PTER XV .

PRI VA T E T H E A T RI CA L S .

Am a teu r A c t ing
— C h a ra des T a b-
lea u x V iv a n ts —Wa x -
Wo rk
—
E x h ibit o ns Priv a te T hea tric a ls.
i

A nd th e n . a nd m u c h it h elped h is c ha nc e
H e c o u ld s ing a nd pla y firs t fiddle a nd da nc e
Pe rfo rm c h a ra des a nd pro verb s o f Fra nc e .
H ood .

C H A RA D ES ta blea u x v iv a nts wax w ork exh ib itions

, ,
-

a nd r ivate t h eatricals are excelle nt a m u s e m e nts

p
fo r w in ter ev e nings a nd m o re esp ec ially fo r ho u se
,

holds I n t he co u ntry where a ll the excite m e n t m u st

,

be prov ided with in do o rs There are m any

.

occas io ns w here t h e w an t is felt o f so m e fresh

e nl ive n m e nt Danc ing night after n ight becom es
.

m o n oto n o u s bu t act ing is al ways inte res t ing a n d

, ,

it pro v ides occ u p a t io n a n d a m u se m e nt fo r th e day

t im e also in the preparatio n o f d resses a nd sce n e s
,

a nd the lea rn ing a nd rehearsal o f pa rts

c>
Th is .

taste fo r a m ate u r a c t ing has spread so rap idly that

it wo u ld see m as if the ris ing ge nerat io n o f th is
co u n try w o u ld rese m ble the G reeks a nd be o ne ,
”
e nt ire nat ion o f actors and actresses .

A paterfa m il ias who is b lessed with a q u iver fu ll

o f ol ive b ra n ches be ing th u s prov ided w ith a s u ffi
-

c ien t co m pa n y fo r h is do m estic stage m a y ca st a ,

 PR I VA TE TH E A TRI CA L S . I 77

play to h is o w n l ik ing w ith o u t h av ing the t rou ble

to go a broad fo r his theat rical am u s e m e n ts .

“
A s a n A m erican w rite r w ell re m a rks
!
It is ,

pleasa n t to see a n d hear real ge ntlem e n a nd ladies ,

wh o do n o t th ink it n eces s ary to m o u t h a n d ra n t

a nd st ride l ike too m an y o f o u r stage he roes a nd
,

hero ines in the cha racters w h ich show o ff the ir

,

graces a n d tale nts a nd m ost o f all to see a fresh , ,

u nro u ged u n spo ile d

, h igh bred yo u ng m aide n
,
-

w ith a l ithe fig u re a n d a pleasa n t vo ice act ing in ,

those love dra m as that m ake u s yo u ng a gain to

loo k u po n w hen real yo u th a nd beau ty will play
,
”
the m fo r u s .

Charades are the easiest o f th ese th ree am u se

m e n ts bo t h to act a n d to arra nge
, They c a n be .

—
got u p in a very short space o f t im e indeed they ,

are o ft e n the best whe n qu ite im pro m pt u They .

are a great help in e ntertaining a room fu ll o f pro

m isc u o u s people I n the co u n t ry w here frie nd s
.
,

a n d n e igh bo u rs are in v ited t o t ea a n d s u ppe r it ,

o fte n happe n s that m id way bet wee n the two the

”
eve nin g begins to drag as the term is Perhap s , .

the m aj ority o f the gu ests do no t ca re fo r m u s ic .

The co n versatio n gro ws slow a nd fa int What c a n .

the hostess do to rev ive the d roop ing sp irits o f the

party ? Cha rades a re the ve ry k in d o f exc ite m e nt
requ ired to infu se l ife a nd m e rrim e n t in to the
dejected sile n t co m pany No spec ial tale nt is
,
.

n eeded .A few o f the y o u ng people are des patched

in to a nother roo m to a rran ge the c h arade A .

w ord o f two o r th ree syllables is chose n o f w h ich ,

eac h syllable is a word o f itself a nd is acted as ,

“
s u ch For instance the wo rd infa nt ry m ight be
.
,

O. W . H o lm es .
1 7 8 G OOD S OC I E T Y .

selected There w ou ld be a scene fo r eac h syllable

.

— a n in n w e w ill say an eve ning party a n d a v il

,
‘

, ,

lage school a nd the w hole w ord represe n ted by a

,

regim en t o f sold iers S o m eo n e shou ld be pl a ced.

at the head o f th is b an d as leader who will u rge .

,

dec isio n o n the word to be chose n a n d s u ggest the ,

characters to be adopted a nd by w ho m they are to ,

be perso n ated other wise m u ch t im e will be spe nt

in u seless d isc u ss io n a nd those w h o a w a it the ,

retu rn o f the actors into the drawing room will -

gro w weary T h e n as to the dresses they are

.
,

s elected o u t o f those hast ily collected together ;

a nd q u ick w its w ill soo n co nvert a few shaw ls ,

cloaks &c in to m ost w o nder fu l a nd im pos ing cos

,
.
,

tu m es G reat res u lts are attain ed by the m ea n s o f

.

w igs spectacles a nd b u rnt co rk

,
The m ore c o m
, .

—
p iete the tran sfo rm atio n the greater the fu n gentle
m en d resse d as lad ies ch ildre n m etam o rphosed ,

into ad u lts th in people m ade u p in to sto u t o n es

,

a ny cha nge in fact bu t that o f lad ies do n n ing m ale

, ,

att ire The draw ing roo m is the sce n e o f act io n

.
-

O ne end o f it is arra nged fo r w hat it is to repre

se nt as cleverly as m ea ns a t com m a n d a nd t im e
,

w ill allo w a n d the n the acto rs t roop in a n d beg in

,

to represe nt the sce n e chose n in the best way

that they c a n by the ir words a nd action s The .

ch ief actor sho uld keep h is eye o n his s u b

ord inates d u ring the pe rfor m ance he shou ld m ove
abou t a nd keep u p the co nversat ion as there ,

shou ld never be a pau se and whe n he sees the ir in

v entiv e po w ers b eg in to fl ag he sho u ld ret ire with ,

his co m pa ny in as natu ral a m anner as poss ible .

The sce nes sho u ld no t be o f lo ng d u rat io n a n d the ,

am ateu rs sho u ld have all their w its abou t the m ,

to m ak e the c o nversat io n as s m a rt as p oss ible ;

 PR I YA TE TH E A TR I CA L S . 1 79

n ever be to gu e t ied or n e rvou s ; a n d above a ll

n -

, ,

they m u st have their ris ible m u scles w ell u nde r

com m a n d so th at if o n e o f th eir com pa nio ns raises
,

a lau gh am o ngst the au d ience e ither by grotes qu e ,

appearance or l ively sall ies t h e other actors m ust ,

no t be te m pted to jo in I ndeed those w h o w ish

.
,

to act w ell m u st th row the m selves e nt irely in to

t he ir characters Charades are freq u e n tly per ‘

form ed in d u m b sho w -
.

Ta blea u x v iv a n ts req u ire m ore t im e a nd care in

th e a rra ngem en ts It is poss ible to get th e m u p
'

hastily ; bu t to be really e ffect ive rehearsals are ,

req u is ite. A s the n a m e de n otes they are p ictu res ,

m erely a n d t here fore the cost u m e a nd the pos it io n

,

are all that there is to stu dy The best plan is to .

select so m e well k n ow n pa in t ing e ither w ith o n e

-

or several figu res in it an d c opy it as closely in ,

dre ss a nd attitu de a s m a y be or a sce n e o u t o f a ,

”
book or play .Fortit u de o n e o f S ir J Rey nolds, .
’

“
pain t in gs ; Pau l de la Roche s M a rie A nto inette ’

ret u rn ing fro m the Revol u t ionary Tribu nal

Reading the New spaper by S ir Dav id W ilk ie ;
”
,

A ry S c h effer s w ell k no wn S t A u g u s tin e w ith his

’
-
.

”
m other S t e Mo n ica
,
. are good s u bjects fo r repre
,
”
s ent a t io n King A l fred in the N ea therd s Cottage ’
.
,
”
The Princes in th e To wer The Nobles o ffer ,
”
ing the Cro wn to Lady Jane G rey a nd m an y other ,

h istorical su bj ects m ight be selected G ood ill u s

, .

t ra ted ed it io n s o f S hakespeare a nd other stan dard

books fu rn ish a n a m ple field fo r cho ice b u t care
shou ld be taken to select s u bj ects wh ich d iffer as
widely as poss ible o n e fro m the other in character ,

as the strik ing co n trasts prese nted by varied ta blea u x

add greatly to the ge neral e ffect The fig ure or grou p .

sho u ld be placed e xactly l ike the or iginal a nd ,

L 2
1 80 G OOD S OC I E T Y .

sho u ld re a in m i
m n —
ot o less w e m ight say breathless
— fo r the few m o m e n ts d u ring w h ich the a u di
e nce are pe rm itte d to gaze u po n the l iving p ic tu re .

Ta blea u x sho u ld be acted in a roo m that has fold

ing doo rs These shou ld b e p u t back o r take n o ff
.

the h inges , a nd a pair o f c u rta ins, w h ich c a n be

drawn at the s ides l ike win do w c u rta ins , be a rra nged
across the Ope ning fo r d rapery a rranged in th is
m a n ner adds greatly to the e ffect o f the p ict u re .

Beh in d these cu rta ins stretch coarse gree n tarlata n,

dou bled Th is s u bd u es a nd so fte n s the l ight , wh ich
.

o u ght to co m e fro m the s ide The backgro u nd .

o f the p ict u re sho u l d b e dark , so as to thro w

o u t the fig u res in fro n t A large fold ing scree n,

.

covered with so m e dark m aterial , will a ns wer th is

p u rpose .

A wax work -
exh ibition is a spec ies o f ta blea ux
v iva n ts w h ich is n o w frequ e ntly acted People are .

dressed to represe nt d iffere nt characte rs a nd are ,

place d o n an im provised plat form or in n iches , ,

corners w indo w recesses a nd d ifferen t parts o f a

, ,

room in to w h ich the spectators a re brou gh t to see

,

the show There shou ld be so m eon e w el l q u ali

.

fi ed to describe each fig u re A fter th is has bee n

.

do ne the exh ib itor proceeds to w ind u p the

,

fig u res by clock work Th is idea is co nveyed by

-
.

w ind ing a w atch m a n s rattle slo wl y or som e othe r

’

s u ch device Each figu re shou ld the n m ove so m e

.

part o f the bo dy slo wly a nd w it h a sl ightly spas

,

m od ic act io n .

Private theatricals requ ire m o re tale nt than e ither

o f the two k inds o f act ing that we hav e described ,

in that the actors have to le ar n their parts by heart .

Many rehearsals are necessary a nd m u ch pat ie nce ,

a nd perse vera nce a re need fu l if the pe rfo rm a nc e

 PR I VA TE TH E A TRI CA L S .

is to be a s u ccess T he y n eed no t be cos tly

.

en tertain m ents ; a nd w he n w ell carried o u t no n e ,

give g reater pleas u re a n d am u se m e n t to all c o n

cerned It is absol u tely n ecessary that a c o m
.

m a nder ia c h ie f sho u ld
-
be appo inted o ne wh o
-

will d irect a nd s u perv ise the w hole a ffa ir A m ate u r .

actors are apt to be very e nth u s iast ic at first a nd ,

eagerly take the parts ass igned to them (a very

del icate task by the way that o f appo rt io n ing to
, ,
‘
each o n e the ro le wh ich he or she is to play ) they
begin ind u str io u sly to lea rn the irparts repeat the m ,

w it h g reat zest at th e first rehearsal a n d the n too ,

o fte n the ir zeal abates a nd idle ness creeps over ,

the m a nd the w h ipper in has no s m all task in

,
-

u rg ing the m to com plete th e w ork begu n a nd to ,

m ake a n other e fl o rt w ith the hal f learn ed part

‘ '

w h ich at prese n t the pro m pte r has to repeat al m ost

verbat im .

O u r early a ncestors stre wed the ir stages w ith

ru shes a nd be fore each act h u ng u p the na m e o f
,

the sce ne in l ie u o f the sce ne itsel f ; but s u ch

s im pl ic ity does n o t con te n t u s We shou ld deem so .

prim it ive a per form a nce very tam e a nd u n in terest

ing . I f the e n terta inm e n t is to be c arr ied o u t to
perfect ion all that requ ires to b e do ne in the wa y
,

o f sce n e ry a n d d resses is t o write to a L o ndo n

decorat or a nd cost u m ie r m e n t io ning the play s that ,

are to be ac t ed a n d they w ill m ake all the nec es

,

sary arra nge m en ts fo r fitt ing u p a nd p rov id ing

s c enery a nd dresses Eve ry detail w ill be at tended .

to ; all diffic u l ties w ill vanish The following su g .

gestio ns thou gh so m ew hat theoret ical a nd ide al

, ,

m igh t w e th in k be m ade pract icable

, , a nd if so , , ,

w ou ld a dd g reat ly t o the to u t ensem ble “

The .

stage sce nery orchestra &c sho u ld be pla n ned o n

, , .
,
I 82 G OOD S OC I E T Y .

a m od el n ew or iginal a nd pec u l iar to the m selve s

‘

, , ,

so d ist ingu ished fro m o u r pu bl ic theat res t hat they

shou ld no t strike the eye l ike a copy in m in iat u re ,

bu t as the indepe nde n t sketch o f a m aster w h o

d isda ins to copy Many n oble halls a nd sta tely
.

apart m e nts in the great ho u ses a nd castles o f o u r

n ob il ity w o u ld g ive a n a rt ist a m ple field fo r fa n cy .

Halls a nd saloo ns fl anked w ith interior col u m n s

, ,

a n d s u rro u nded b y galle ries w o u ld w ith the a id , ,

o f pro per draperies or sce ne ry in the interc o lu m n ia

t ion s take a r ich a nd elega nt appearance a nd at
,

the sa m e t im e the m u s ic m ight be so d isposed in

”
the gallery as to p ro du ce a m o st anim at ing e ffect .

The sa m e writer also su ggests that the play itsel f

sho u ld o nly be a part o f the e n terta inm e nt w ove n ,

in to a gran d f ete a nd that the spectato rs sho u l d

,

no t be le ft to doze in the ir seats bu t be called ,

u pon in the in ter v als by m u s ic da nce a nd re fresh

, , ,

m e n t to cha n ge the sam e n ess o f the sce n e

,
I f on .
,

the other ha nd the expense o f h iring the portable

,

theatre is a n obstacle or the dista nce fro m tow n is ,

too great the n the inve ntive fac u lt ies m u st be set

,

to w ork to s u p ply the m any requ is ites in sce n ery

a n d dres s C est des diffi c u ltés q u e naissen t des
’
.

‘
y
”
m iracles (o u t o f diflic u lt ies gro w m iracles ) sa s ,

L a Bru yere .

With the help o f a carpe n ter great th ings m ay

be e ffected The stage sho u ld be a plat form ra ised
.
,

so m e d istance from the floor a nd if poss ible sho uld ,

slope sl ightly from back to fro nt A s trip o f board .

a few inches h igh shou ld ru n alo ng the edge at ,

the back o f wh ich are placed the footligh ts For .

these l igh ts gas c a n be eas ily l a id o n fro m the

nearest p ipe I f that co n venie nce is n o t w ith in
.

rea ch the n s m all o il lam ps or ca ndles m u st s u pply

,
-
 PR I VA TE TH E A TRI CA L S . 1 83

the wa nt T wo cu rtains will ans wer th e p u rpose

.

o f a d rop sce ne These sho u ld be lo ng and wide

.

e n ou gh to cover the w hole fron t o f th e stage whe n

let do wn a nd o f so m e h eavy textu re The prope r
, .

w ork ing o f these cu rta in s sho u ld be w ell ascerta in ed

be foreh a n d or they are l ikely to cau se awk ward
,

dile m m a s whe n they do no t fall a nd rise insta n t

a neo u sly The m ethod to be adopted is to faste n
.

two cords where the t wo c u rtain s m eet in the

cen tre and w ork the m over hooks placed o n the
,

top corners right a nd le ft These cords shou ld be .

faste ned to the c u rta ins at in tervals o f a foot .

I f m odern play s are acte d n o t m u ch stage ,

s ce n ery n eed be u sed The s ide scree ns c a n b e

.

m ade o f fram es o f wood covered w ith ca n vas .

Doors and window s c a n also b e eas ily form ed in

the sa m e way A great deal c a n be do n e w ith
.

scree n s .

I n m ost play books there is a fu ll descript io n o f

-

t h e sce n e ry req u ired a n d the dresses requ isite fo r

the difl erent ch a racters
'

I f the play chose n be o ne represe n t ing l ife in

bygon e days the cost u m es will be m ore diflic u lt
,

to prepare at hom e fo r so m u ch sat in velvet , , ,

gold and silver lace as o u r gaily richly clothed ,

-

ancestors wore do no t ge nerally form p a rt o f o u r

possess ions Dresses o f th is k ind it is better to h ire
.

fro m a costu m ier It is wo nderfu l ho wever w h at

.
, ,

st u dy a nd tho ught c a n prod u ce a nd w hat brill iant ,

ideas spring u p whe n o ne is forced by n ecess ity

to in vent so m et h ing I read the oth er day a n .

acco u n t o f so m e theatricals acted o n b oard sh ip a

thou sa n d m iles fro m a ny shop so wits w ere forced ,
”
to devise a nd did dev ise w onders
, O nce says , .
,

the wr iter (L a dy Barker ) w e m a n u factu red so m e,

1 84 GOOD S OCI E T Y .

large s ilver b u tto ns fo r a n old fash io n ed coat o u t

-

o f the ro u nd p ieces o f w h ite m etal w h ich co v er

t h e co rks o f soda water bottles ; w e pol ished the m

-

u p t ill they sho ne br igh tly The n we c u t the m

.

in to shape a nd p u nched a co u ple o f holes in the

,

ce ntre w h ich m ade the m at o nce brill ia nt a nd

,

b eau tifu l bu tton s all re a dy to be se wed o n Upo n

, .

‘
the sam e occas io n we requ ired a black l u testring
figu red bl u e .
’
Th is nearly d rove u s d ist racted ;
fo r a ltho u gh the re w e re doze n s o f old black s ilk
dres ses o n board no t o n e had a ny fig u res
,
A t last .

the ha ppy idea ca m e into so m eo n e s head to ’

borro w a set o f pas te cu tters fro m the cook a n d

s o m e l ight bl u e t iss u e pa per fro m the ste ward .

We sta m ped o u t a n u m be r o f l ittle S ha m rocks

with o n e o f the c u tters a n d t h en paste d the m all
,

over t he s il k go wn The e ffect was bea u t ifu l

. .

Beards a nd wigs we m a de o u t o f u nravelled yarn .

They looke d ra ther too c u rly bu t we p o w dered

,

the m well w ith flo u r .

 C H A PTER XVI .

G A R D EN PA R T I E S .

W ha t s po rt s h a ll w e
de v ise h e re 1n t h e ga rden
T o drive a w a y t h e h ea v y t h o u gh t o f c a re
M a da m . w e li p la y a t bo wls ;
’

M a da m , w e li da n c e. R ic ha rd 1 1 .
’

THE ch ie f t h ing req u ired to m ake a garde n party

e nj oyable is fin e weather a b right s u n sh iny c a l m
, , ,

day w he n the m ere plea s ure o f be ing o u t o f doors

,

al m ost co m pe nsat es fo r t he lack o f other adj u ncts .

Th is spec ial e nj oy m e nt w e can not in s u re fo r o u r

gu ests bu t there are other pleasu res wh ich lie with in
,

o u r co m pass o f prov is io n S ee that the ga rde n s

.

a n d grou n ds are in per fect o rder— n o t a lea f to be

see n o n t h e n eatly c u t fresh ly rolled lawn s a nd

-

,
-

w alks no t a s ingle w eed in the t rim fl o w er beds -

.

Te nts o f variou s p ict u resqu e form s c a n be erected

here a n d th ere fo r re fresh m e nts a s m all b a n d o f
m u s ic ia n s w ith s t ringed in stru m e n ts or a co m pa n y ,

o f glee s in ge rs h idde n fro m

-
gen eral v iew c a n dis ,

co u rse sweet m u s ic a t in terv als a nd e nl ive n the ,

sce ne A law n te n nis grou n d (two o r m o re s u ch

.
-

s paces if poss ible )sho u ld be provided fo r t h e am u se

m e n t o f te n nis players o f w ho m in the prese n t da y
,

there are al ways a co n sid erable n u m b er a m o ngst

I 86 G OO D S O C I E TY .

garden pa rty gu es ts T ea co ffee a nd c a k es o f m a ny

-
.
, ,

k inds s hou ld be in rea diness fo r t h e gu es ts o u

'

th eir a rrival a n d later t hes e sh o u l d be replac ed

, ,

by ic es cla re t c u p s tra wb erries gra pes pea ch es

,
-

, , , ,

m elo n s a n d the like

, .

T h e g reater n u m be r o f peo ple inv ited to a ga rde n

pa rty t he be tter The n frie n d s m eet frie nds a
.
—
desirable e nd as intro d u c tio n s are n o t m ade
,
.

A s soo n as the gu ests arriv e they a re co n d u cted

to the garde n where they find the hostess n ear
,

the e n tran ce o f the garde n o r so m e part icu lar ten t

— a n place th a t is a con ven ie n t pos ition fo rrec eiv
y
ing her v isito rs be fore they pass o n a nd m ingle
w ith the other gu ests The hostess h as no o nerou s .

d u t ie s to perform o n a n occa s ion o f th is k ind as ,

no in trod u ct io n s are m ade Having received her .

gu ests she is perm itted to desert her post a nd

,

e nj oy the co m pa ny o f her frie n ds u n fettered by ,

t h e thou ght o f a ny d u ty except the pleasa n t o ne ,

o f say ing a few w ords to each o ne o f her g u es ts

n o r need she be d ist u rbed fo r the b idd in g o f

a dieu x a form al ity wh ich is n o t req u ired at th es e

,

in form al gatherings .

There is a d u ty wh ich devolves u po n the host or

u po n the s o n o f the ho u se ; fa il in g these it m u st be ,

u ndertake n by a spec ially appo in ted frie nd or by a -

dau ghter o f the h ou se Th is d u ty is to d irect in .

som e m easu re the ga m es o n the te nnis la w n M an

y
-
.

t ennis part ies a re d u ll a nd spiritless o w ing to t h rs

w a nt o f s u perv is io n It is esse n t ial that a ch ie f
.

shou ld arra nge s ets sho uld go a b o u t am ongst the

,

g u ests — w h o if they are

, players a re ge n erally to be ,
—
fo u nd watch ing the ga m es a nd ask the m if they
have play ed or wo uld l ike to do so G u es ts w h o
, .

a re s tran gers to each other o fte n do n o t co m e

 G A RD E N PA R T I E S . 1 87

for ward to arra nge ga m es a nd th u s it so m et im es

,

happe ns that the grou nd is u nu sed fo r a l ength o f

t im e althou gh there are n u m b ers o f l a d ies all the
,

wh ile lo ng ing to p lay ; a n d it also so m et im es

hap pen s that o n e set o f tennis players t ake po s
sess io n o f a grou n d and play set after set to the
, ,

excl u s io n o f othe r players These draw bac ks to

.

ge neral e nj oym e nt c a n a n d sh o u ld be prev ented .

’
G arde n part ies begin abo u t fo u r o clock a nd ,

u nless m e nt io n is espec ially m ade o f da nc ing th e ,

co m pa ny separates betwee n seve n a nd e ight .

It is w ell to spec ify o n the card o f invitat io n the

n at u re o f th e e nt erta inm e n t in order t hat t h e
,

g u ests m a y be att ired accord in gly A t the fl ies .

( b a m p étres given by Q u ee n A n n e th e gu ests w ere ,

e x pected to sa il a bo u t in fu ll dress a nd as a v ie w
o f the Broad W alk at Ke n s in gto n wh ich w a s the ,

favou rite p ro m en ade co u ld be co m m a nded fro m

,

Hyde Pa rk the poor com m o nalty cou ld h ave a

,

pee p a nd cou ld critic ise the high born gu es ts wh o

,
-

“
gl ided abou t the garde n in brocaded robe s ,
”
hoops fly ca ps a n d fa ns
,
-

,
.

The p rese n t fash ion is to we a r m or ning dres s ,

b u t as p ictu resqu e as y o u pl ease ; in d eed the ,

lad ies shou ld look l ike bu tt erflies fl u ttering a bo u t

if archery is to b e the am u se m ent a difl erent
'

cost u m e is requ ired from that worn fo r law n te nnis -

a nd if a da n ce is to en d the da the n the style o f

y ,

dress w o u ld a gain b e alte red thou gh it wo u ld ,

n ever diverge in to
“
fu l l dress W he n the s u n.

show s h is face a garde n pa rty is o ne o f the

,
—
prettiest s ights im aginable the s m ooth gree n t u rf ,

w ith its b r ight b ordering o f flo w ers ; t h e g a ily

dressed c o m pa ny repos ing u nder shady tree s ,

pac ing the sward dart ing h ither a nd th ither o n th e

,
I 88 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

lawn te nnis g rou nd or d isplay ing the ir pro wess at

-

the target th e whole

,

C a no pied by t h e b lu e s k v .
S o c lo u dles s . p u re , a nd b ea u t ifu l
.

If th is entertainm e n t be a co u ntry o ne the ,

gu ests adj ou r n to the hou se at s u nset a nd there ,

partake o f a s ubsta nt ial s u pper a fter w h ich they ,

drive ho m e ; or the day is co ncl u ded by a m oo n

l ight dance o n the lawn or in o ne o f the te n ts
, ,

a n d the garde n a n d gro u n ds are so m et im es ill u

m ina ted w it h Ch inese la n tern s a n d s m all co lo u red

la m ps h u ng in festoo ns fro m the trees wh ich m ake ,

the e v en ing sce ne as p ictu resqu e as that o f th e

m or n ing .
 C H A P T ER X V I I .

E X C U R S I ON S A ND PI C N I CS .

—
W hy Peo ple enj o y Pic n ic s Priv a te Pic n ic s— C o n v ey a nc e o f
G eu s t s a nd o f Pro v is io n s — S u bs c ript io n Pic nic Elec t io n
a nd D u tie f a M — T h i
s o a n a g e r n gs n o t to be fo rgo t t en
Pro v is io n s a nd B ev era es T ea—
g .

N o r ru ra l s igh t s a lo n e ,bu t ru ra l so u nds ,

E x h ila ra t e t he s p irit . a nd re s t o re
"
T h e t o ne o f la ngu id n a t u re .

Cowper.

T h e da y s w h e n w e w ent a -

p s i
gy y g,n
"
A lo ng t im e a go .

o ld S ong.

T H E RE are ple nty o f people w h o e nj oy p ic n ics

bes ides the ch ildre n fo r w hose be nefit t hey a re
ge ne rally s u pposed to b e arra nged R u ra l s ights .

a n d ru ral so u n ds w he n all n at u re is al ive a n d gay

,

in the glad s u m m e r t im e h ave a h a ppy a n d ge n ial

,

e ffect o n the m ost m isan th rop ical o f perso ns ; the n ,

too the abse nce o f all state a nd ce re m o ny the

, ,

l iberty t h e e nt ire change a nd freedo m from et iq u ette

, ,

co nd u ce to gaiety o f S p ir it a n d m irth A fter all .

,

it is the novelty w h ich is the great char m fo r the ,

sam e set o f people w ho m y o u n o w see m a k ing

m erry over the sa lt a nd th e s u gar hav in g frater nis ed

by the wa y a nd who no w declare it to be the s u m m it

,

o f h u m an fel ic ity to s it in a n u nco m fort a bl e pos it io n

I 9 0 G OOD S OC I E T Y .

u po n so m eth ing n ever int ended to be a seat;bes ide

a table c loth w hich being spread u po n an u neve n
-

a n d elast ic s u r fa ce cau ses everyth ing that s h o u ld

,

re m a in perpe nd ic u lar to assu m e a h orizon tal att i

—
t u de these sa m e people wo u ld g ru m ble lo u dly did
s uch th ing s occ u r d a ily A t the e nd o f a w eek
.

they w o u ld be ser io u sly annoyed a nd pu t o u t o f

te m per by the re appe ara nce o f t he ine vitable frog
w h ich they no w la u gh at so heartily as it ho p s
across the table cloth a nd los ing its prese nce o f
-

, ,

m in d o n fi n d ing itsel f so s u dde nly lau nched in to

fash io nable l ife seeks re fu ge in the heart o f a

,

p igeo n p ie S u ch l ittle eo n tretem ps add im

.

m e n sely to the l ivel in ess a nd h ilar ity o f a p ic n ic ,

beca u se co m ing bu t o nce in a wa y th ey c a n

, ,

ha rd ly be looked u p o n as d isco m forts .

It m igh t be im ag ined that as a p ic nic is a k in d

o f s c ra m ble there c a n be b u t fe w a rra nge m e n ts
,

to m ake bu t in real ity a n e x cu rs io n o f t h is k ind

,
“
e n ta ils m uch labo ur a nd tho ught o n the getters
up .
”
T here are pr ivate p ic nics a nd s ubscrip tio n
o n es S peak ing o f the form er the first th ing to
.
,

pl a n a fter the p lace is fixed u po n m u st be h o w to

, ,

co nvey yo u r g uests there I f poss ible they sho u ld

.
,

go i n d iffere nt ways s o m e in carriages o f vario u s de

,

s c riptio ns large w ago n ettes be ing the leasa nte st ;

,
p
so m e o n horseb ack ; so m e by boat it m a y be ; ,

bu t n e v er i n a lo ng process io n re m in d ing o ne o f ,

the string o f va ns fu l l o f ch ildren or m e m be rs o f ,

va rio u s be nefit cl u bs go ing to Epping Forest or

B ushey Park fo r th e day w h o wave their pocket ,

handkerch ie fs at each passer by in a frie ndly w a y -

a nd are never w eary o f the perpet u al t w a ng o f the

t wo or th ree instr u m e n ts wh ich acco m pa n y the m .

We have k no wn pleasant part ies to be arra nged by

 E X C U RS I O N S
‘
A ND PI CN I CS .

ra il way ,
a saloon carr iage h a s bee n e ngaged
whe n
fo r th e occas io n alt ho u gh the ve ry n am e see m s to
,

p u t a n e n d to all idea o f ru ral e nj oy m e n t .

The prov is io ns sho u ld have a sepa rate veh icle

allotted to th e m a nd n o t be sc a ttered abou t in the
,

d iffere n t carriages a basket stow ed away in o ne

,

corne r a ha m per th ru st u nder an oth er seat a nd so

, ,

fo rth. No ; a l ight cart is the best k in d o f co nvey

ance fo r the del ic a c ies There are n o w v ery c o n
'

v en ie n t ha m p e rs m ade fo r the bette r pack ing a n d

co nvey ing o f p rovisio n s to these a l f resc o e ntertain

m e n ts so that th e p ies a n d the patt ies do n o t p rese n t
,

s u ch a depressed appearance as he reto fore a nd the ,

caye nne is n o t so l ikely to m ingle ind iscrim inately

with th ings in ge n eral a nd the s w eets in part ic u lar
, ,
“
as in the days whe n w e w en t gypsy ing The .

m eats p ies &c

,
shou ld all be wrapped in clean
,
.
,

.
—
cloth s The serva nts no t too m a ny please or , ,

we shall have too m u ch state a nd cere m o ny

acco m pany ing the cart sho u ld start in good t im e ,

so as to be at the dest in at io n w he n the co m pa n y

arrives fo r it is best to d ine o r tea wh ichever it
, ,

m a y be im m ed iately a n d d is pe rse at pleas u re a fter

, ,

w a rds . I f ch ild re n have a vo ice in the m atter tea ,

is chose n fo r the del ight o f m ak ing the fire is

,

inte n se in spite o f the bl ind ing s u ffocating s m oke

, ,

w h ich is the invar iable acco m pa n im e n t A t the .

e n d o f the chapter w ill be fo u n d a l ist o f th in gs

w h ic h m a y be take n to a p ic n ic O f co u rse all the.
,

p rovis io ns a re cooked be forehand except it m a y be ,

that potatoes a re roasted o r if poss ible a d ish o f , , ,

hot fis h is prepa red o n the spot .

Whe n a s u bsc ript io n p ic n ic is dec ided u po n a ,

m a nage r o r m a nage ress sho u ld be elected a n d he ,

or sh e s ho u ld d evise a plan fo r e q u ally d ivid ing the

I 9 2 G OOD S O CI E T Y .

d u ty provid ing a nd also o f sharing the res po n

of ,

sibilit ies o f the day U nless th is is do ne the

.
,

greatest co n fu s io n w ill e ns u e fo r peopl e s ideas run,

’

s ing ularly in o ne d irect io n W he n the t im e arrives

.

fo r u n packing the b a skets it w ill be fo u n d that ,

everybody has b ro u ght fork s a nd no o ne has ,

f n n i —
tho u ght o spoo s p geo p es wh ic h see m asso
i
c ia t ed in e v e ybo dy s
r m n w
’
n —
i d ith p ic ics will co m e
o u t o f eve ry ha m per w h ile the pla ine r a n d m ore
,

s u bsta n tial dishes s u ch as lam b a n d bee f have n o t

, ,

bee n re m e m bered A l ist sho u ld be m ade a n d

.

giv e n to each co nt ribu tor a few days be fo reha nd

o f th ings fo r w h ich he or she w ill be held res po n

s ible a nd th is S ho u ld be so arra nged th at each

,

shou ld bring so m e o f the c rock ery or glass as ,

w ell as eata bles It is also better that o ne

.

perso n shou ld prov ide all that is requ ired o f o ne

k ind tha n that several shou ld be s u ppl ied by the
,

sa m e ind ividual Fo r insta nce o ne perso n m ight

.
,

be as ked to c o ntr ibu te all the fru it as the ir share ,

a n d b e respo ns ible fo r the appe a ra nce o f all the

plates requ ired a nother s u pply the j o ints o f m eat ,

together wit h k nives a nd forks ; a th ird th e pastry ,

a n d the glass ; a n othe r the rolls o f b re a d cheese

, , ,

a n d the s ilve r a nd so o n
,
The ge ntlem e n o f the
.

party ge nerally co nt rib u te the beverages a nd they ,

m ight have the ir d iv is io n — o n e b ring sherry a n other ,

the bottled beer a th ird soda water a n d so o n

,
-

,
.

T w o or th ree corksc rew s ou ght to be take n a nd a ,

s m all go ng is u se fu l to col lect the party together ,

e ithe r fo r the m eal itsel f or the depart ure M int .

sa u ce a nd salad d ress ing in bottles po u nded s u gar , ,

a nd the othe r co nd im e n ts m u stard salt a n d , , ,

pe ppe r sho u ld be part ic u larly re m e m bered

, .

Fo r a n o u t door l u ncheo n the follow ing l is t o f

-

,
 E X C U RS I ON S AND PI CN I CS . I 93

prov is ions will be fo u nd the m ost s u ita b le Cold z—

roast beef ribs and shou lder o f la m b roast fowl s
, , ,

d u cks h a m pressed tong u e ; bee fsteak p igeo n

, , , ,

a n d gro u se p ies ga m e veal patt ie s lobste rs c u c u m

, , , ,

bers a nd lett u ces fo r salad cheese cak es ja m or ,

-

m ar m alade t u rn overs ste w e d fru it in bottles bottle

, ,

o f c rea m college pu dd ings bla ncm a nge in m o u ld

, , ,

plain b isc u its to eat with fru it a n d cheese rolls , ,

b u tte r c rea m che ese a nd fresh fru it

,
Bottled bee r
, .

a nd porter claret sh erry cha m pagn e soda w ate r

, , , ,
-

lem o nade che rry b randy

,
-
.

—
For tea z Loaves o f b read sponge cak es plu m ,
-

cakes b u ns rolls b u tte r potted fish a n d m eats

, , , , ,

to ngu e cheese cakes plain a nd s weet b isc u its

,
-

, ,

fr u its bottle o f crea m a n d t ea

, It is u seless t o, .

atte m pt to m ake co ffee o n a n occa s io n o f th is k ind ,

u nless the co m pa n y is capable o f app rec iat ing the

fragra n t berry in its best form i e T u rk ish co ffee , . .

, ,

w h ic h c a n be m ade to pe rfec t io n in a n ord in ary

sa u ce pa n where in it shou ld be allowed j u st to
,

co m e to bo il ing po in t three t im es in s u ccessio n ,

a n d t h e n served w h ile the rich bro wn foa m is s t ill

o n the s u r face .
 C H A PTER X V I II .

FI ELD S PO RT S AND A M U S EM E N T S .

l r —
Fie d S po ts H u t g S
n in — h o o t ing
— ishing F —B o a ting
T ric y c ling S ka ting -
.

W e ll m’
a ke y o u s o m e s po rt wit h t h e fo x
E re we c a se h im .
’
A ll s Well tha t E n ds Well .

Go d m a de th e c o u nt ry a nd m a n m a de th e to wn.

M EN S sana in corpore sa no J u ve nal tells u s is, ,

the greatest gift besto wed by the gods a nd m odern

.
,

sc ie nce has proved clearly enough that the body

acts o n the m ind as ell as v
w ic e e
v sr a— that o u r
m e ntal fac u lt ies are seldo m able fu lly to develop
the m sel v es into perfect act ion u nless the body h e
in a healthy state .

N o w w e do n o t in te nd to e n ter into a lear ned

d isqu is itio n as to all the m ea ns b y wh ich th es e
craz y fra m es o f ou rs are kept in good repair bu t ,

to assert boldly that o ne g reat a id to wards pre

serving the m in proper o rder l ies in the j u d ic io u s
u se o f field sports a n d am u se m e n t s .

Co rrod ing cark ing care van ishes into th in a ir

,

when the a rd en t lover o f these p u rs u its g ives

h im sel f thoro ughly u p fo r the n o nce to the e u
j y
o m e n t o f the m W.hat m ore exh ilarat ing so u nd
 FI E L D S POR TS A M U S E M E N TS
'

A ND . 1 95

than the sonorou s yelping o f th e bo unds giving

“
tongu e or the yet m ore joy ful s ho u t
,
G o ne ,
”
away 1
W h en a so u th erly w in d a nd a c lo u dy sky
Pro c la im it a h u n t ing m o rning.

Wh at town w earied m an does no t feel refreshed

-

a nd re in v igorated as he cl im bs the h ills w ith a

hi sho lder d a dog at hi heels ? d f
’

g u n o n s u a n s a n o r
the tim e be ing is no t h is o n e wish
G ive m e th e na k ed h ea vens a bo ve.
T he b ro a d ba re h ea t h belo w

The angler boater a nd skater each experie nces

, ,

k ee n e njoy m e nt fro m h is o wn part ic u lar pas tim e .

F ield sports have al ways p roved the b est corrector

“
o f that e ffe m inacy wh ich re fined l u xu ry is a pt
to prod u ce a nd it is a happy c irc u m stance whe n
,

a taste prevails fo r s u ch am u sem en ts as w h ile ,

they add g race health a nd vigou r to the body

, , ,

have n o te nden cy to e nfeeble a nd corrupt the

m in d .

The sport pa r ex c ellenc e o f the E ngl ish m a n is

h u nt ing a nd the E nglish are the o nly nati o n w ho
,

w il l ride ha rd at t h e chase Dr Joh n son who . .

,

follo wed the fo x with as m u ch glee a s a nybody ,

says a Fre nch m a n goes o u t u pon a m a naged horse ,

a nd cape rs in the field a n d n o m ore th ink s o f ,

j u m p ing a hedge than o f m ou nting a breach ; a nd

he relates a n anecdote o f a certain L ord Pow ers
cou rt wh o laid a wa ger in Fra nce that he w ou ld
r ide a great m any m iles in a certain s hort space o f
t im e
. There u po n it appears the Fre nch A c a de
m ic ia n s set to work a nd calcula ted th a t fro m
, the
M 2
1 9 6 G OOD S OC I E T Y .

res ista nc e o f the a ir it wa s a n im poss ibil ity How

e ve r h is Engl ish lordsh ip perform ed the feat
, .

N o r is th is S po rt co nfi ned to ge n tle m e n alo n e .

Ma ny a fair lady m a y b e seen on h erwell groo m ed -

glossy coated h u n te r follow ing the bo u nds

-

, .

A t o n e pe riod the chase o f the stag wa s h ighly

pop u lar in Brita in a nd o u r co u n t ry w o m e n had h u n t
,

ing exped it io n s o n the ir o wn acco u n t S ketches .

“ ”
o f these fast lad ies are by no m ea ns rare I have .

seen o n e cop ied fro m a m an u script o f the fo u rtee n th

ce nt u ry w h ic h dep icts a h u n t ress seated astride o n
,

her p a l frey a nd blo wing a horn to cheer h er dog

,

a n d stim u late her a rcheress The latter an s w ers .

the call by plant ing a n a rro w bet wee n the horn s

o f a stag .

A nd at a later date E ngl ish wo m e n still co n t in u ed

to atte nd the ch ase O u r good Qu ee n Bess wa s .

a lover o f th is sport a nd Qu ee n A nn e wa s a n ih
de fat igable h u n tress so m u ch so that whe n her ,

fa il ing health obl iged her to d isco ntinu e eq u est ria n

exerc ise she follo wed the chase in a l igh t o n e horse
,
-

c h aise in w h ich she had bee n k n own to drive hersel f

forty a nd fi fty m iles d u ring the day .

Whe n the sta g wa s bro u ght to bay it wa s c o n

s idered a m ark o f gal la n t ry o n the pa rt o f o n e o f
the h u nte rs to o ffe r the fatal w eapo n to so m e fair
h u n tress wh o th u s had t he p rivilege o f c u tt ing the
,

deer s throat a feat wh ich r equ ired no t o nly a s h arp

’

do u ble edged h u nting k n ife bu t a steady a rm a nd

- -

stro ng ner v e fo r it w as a task by no m eans devo id

,
“ ”
o f da nger I n the B ride o f Lam m erm oor w e
.

“
read I t wa s n o t withou t a feel ing bordering u po n
,

.co n te m pt that the e n th u s iast ic h u nter observed

L ucy A shto n re fu sed the h u n ter s k n ife prese nted ’

to her fo r the pu rpo se o f m a k in g the first in c is io n

,
 FI E L D S POR TS A ND A M U S E M E N TS . 1 97

into the sta g s breast a nd thereby d iscovering the

’
,

qu al ity o f th e v enison .
”

O u r fa ir s is t e rs o f the prese nt day are no t gu ilty

o f s u ch s a n gu inary deeds bu t S ho w t he ir b ravery
,
“
by leap ing d itc h a n d hedge a nd ofte n be ing in ,
”
at the death a nd so rece iving as a tribu te o f
,

praise the br u sh o f Master Rey nard fro m the .

hands o f so m e galla n t ge ntle m a n o f the h u n t .

A lady s h u n t in g dress is pla in a nd u se fu l bu t a

’
,

very b ecom ing o ne withal It con s ists o f a dark .

colo ured t ight fitt ing habit m ade with a very S hort
-

sk irt or it will get sadly bespattered w ith m u d A

, .

plain l in en collar is w o rn ro u nd the th roat faste ned ,

by a stu d . Line n cu ffs a n d ta n lea ther gloves fi nish -

the cost u m e The description o f ba t w or n is a

.

m atter o f cho ice S o m e lad ies w ear the h igh

.

cro wn ed beaver a n d so m e pre fer the lo w crow ned

,
-

felt hat . O f late years m an y lad ies have take n to ,

”
w ear p ink coats fa sh ioned o n the l in es o f a m an s ’

h u n ting coat a nd very sm art the scarle t coat looks

w ith a dark hab it S k irt Othe rs are satisfied with a
.

s c a rlet waistcoat a nd in a ny case w he re a coat is

,

w or n the greatest care m u st be ta ke n as to the

p roper ty ing o f the h u n ting scarf that sho u ld fi nish
o ff the n eck . S o m et im es w he n lad ies h a ve ex h i
b ited the ir straight rid ing fo r a certain le ngth o f
t im e w ith a pack o f bo u n ds the m aster wil l p rese n t ,
“
t h em w ith the bu tto n o f th e h u n t a nd the n they ,

are e n title d to we a r the colo u rs o f t hat partic u la r

hu n t — say a bl u e coat w ith b u ff fac ings o r dark ,

green a n d scarlet as the case happe n s to be

,
.

The ge n tle m e n s dress depe n ds u po n the fash io n

’

o f the part ic u lar h u n t o f w h ich they are m e m bers ,

as each has its pecu l iar cost u m e b u t the ord inary

dre ss o f a h u nt ing m a n is e ither a scarlet or a dark
1 9 8 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

gree n coat, c u t squ are (fo r the s wallo w tail is o bs o -

”
lete ), knee breeches m ade o f wh ite or dra b cords ,
-

top boots, and a tall hat, or a cap o f black velvet ,

-

w it h a s m a ll st iff peak S pu rs m u st no t be fo r
.

gotte n, a nd a scarf o f cash m ere, fas tened by a pin,

w ill be fo u nd m ore co n ve n ie nt wear a nd look m ore
su itable than a tie B u t it is no t proper fo r a m an
.

to appear in pink or gree n, u nless he is a regu lar

m e m b er o f so m e h u nt, a n d is a bond fide h u n t ing

m a n, who s to ride st ra ight across co u ntry

m ea n .

“ ”
The plac e appo inted fo r the m eet is d u ly
advertised in the newspapers T h e firs t an d last o f .

the seaso n ge nerally take place at the res ide nce

o f t h e m aster o f the bo u nds Ou r fore fathers .

th re w o ff the pac k as soo n as they co u ld d is tingu ish

a stile from a ga te They had six o clock break .
’

fasts w h ile we m ore indo le n t a nd l u xu r iou s do

, ,

n o t drea m o f appear ing at the re ndezvo u s be fore

a nd a fter a hard d a y s ru n are qu ite

’
te n a m ,

ready fo r a hearty d inner at e igh t p m . .

S hoot ing parties are orga nised as follow s

T h e ge ntle m e n hab ited in r o u gh th ick coats
, , ,

k nickerbockers t hick stockings a nd legg ings a nd

, ,

s u bstan tial b o o ts start after a hearty breakfas t

, , ,

w ith dogs a n d k eep ers to shoot grou se pa rtr idge , ,

o r pheasa nt as the case m a y be

, S o m e co nve nie n t .

place is appo inted whereat to m eet fo r l u n c h eo n ,

a n d to t h is spot the lad ies o f the ho u sehold o fte n

repa ir a nd a very pleasant ho u r is spen t in dis

,

c u ss ing gam e pie patties a nd cold b ee f beer a nd

-

, , , ,

cham p ag ne at these a l f resc o l u ncheo ns A fter an

,
.

hou r s chat a nd the co ns u m ptio n o f a c igar or so

’
, ,

the ge ntle m e n resum e the ir work o f destr u ct io n ,

a nd the l a d ies e ither w atch the m at a respect fu l

d istance or drive ho m e wa r ds I f they choose the .
 FI E L D S ROR TS AND A M U S E M E N TS .

for m er alter nat iv e they S hou ld take great care no t

,

to w an der a wa y On a m oor there is no t so m u ch

.

danger o f acc ide nts happe nin g in th is wa y bu t ,

w he n pheasa n t shoot ing is the S port w e th ink that

-

lad ies are better o u t o f the w a y u nless they a re ,

very tractable a n d obed ie n tly follo w close o n the

,

track o f th e sportsm en .

F is hin g a nd part ic u l a rly th a t branch o f it

,

called an gl ing calls forth co ns idera ble pow ers o f

,

in ve nt io n a nd m u ch dexterity o f practice says t h e ,

“ ”
A ngler s G u ide Every year the nu m ber o f
’
.

lady a nglers increases a nd som e o f the best re

-

cords in sal m o n fish ing o n the S cotch riv e rs a re

-

a n nu ally m ade by wom e n A kilt sk irt o f rou gh .

t w eed u nhe m m ed a nd reaching a l ittle belo w the

,

k n ee over a pair o f t weed k nickerbo ckers to

,

m atc h a Norfolk jack et w ith ple n ty o f pockets

, ,

ribbed wo bllen s tockings sto u t lo w heeled shoes ,

-

a nd a deerstalk er cap for m the b e s t a nd m ost work

,

m a n l ike cost u m e fo r a w o m a n to go fish ing in .

Fish ing partie s o n the banks o f so m e broad ,

deep w ell stocked river w here the fish a re no t too

,
-

s e n s it ive to the chatter a nd la u ghter o f the a n glers ,

m a y be m ade very e njoyable A m a n sho u ld be .

-

t aken fo r t h e pu rpose o f ba it ing the hooks a nd

tak ing o ff the fish whe n caug h t The n if the sport .
,

is goo d the ho u rs fly qu ickly a nd pleasan tly by

,
.

Lu ncheon is bro u ght a nd if a fire c a n be m ade , ,

a nd som e o f th e freshly c a u ght fish cooked t h e eu -

t erta in m en t is co m plete The ge n tlem en o f the .

party S h ou ld al ways be ready to lay do wn the ir

rod s a nd re nder help to a ny lady wh o m a y req u ire
it— in the m atter o f d ise n ta ngl ing l ines t e arranging ,
-

fl oats p u tting together rods

,
.

I n boa ting gen tlem e n sho u ld al ways a tte nd to

,
200 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

the co m fort as well as the safety o f lad ies w ho

m a y place the m selves u nder the ir protect io n O ne .

ge n tle m an sho ul d stay in the boat a nd do h is b est

to steady it w h ile the other h el ps the lad ies to step
,

fro m the b a nk T h ey sho uld the n be co m forta bly

.

seated a nd the ir dresses arrange d so as to be in

,

n o da nger o f gett ing w et b e fore a start is m ade

, .

A s the seat o f ho n o u r in a boat is that occ u p ied

b y th e st roke o ar it is et iq u ette fo r the o w ner o f
, _

the boat to o ffer it to h is friend sho u ld h e be a

ro wer .

C ycl ing is a m u ch m ore m odern pastim e tha n

t h ose h itherto m e ntio ned I t is a n a m u se m e nt
.

the fas hion fo r wh ich ha s ebb e d a nd flo wed d u r ing

the last ten years Latterly the variou s s u pe rior
.
,

inven tio ns a m ongst the m ach ines wh ich have b ee n

bro u ght forward h ave fanned the flam e o f e n
th u s ia s m a nd cycl ing h a s b eco m e o ne o f the ch ie f
,

d ivers ion s o f the day a nd o ne in wh ich l ad ie s n o w

,

join A m ed ical au tho rity o f h igh stand ing giv es

.

it as h is O p inio n th a t exercise o f th is k in d is eq ua lly

be n e fic ial to both sexes a nd expresses a hop e that
,

th is am u se m e nt w ill soo n becom e as popu l a r

am o ng lad ies as te nnis a nd the danc e A lady s .
’

tricycl ing dress con sists o f a plain sk ir t m ade ,

su fficie ntly w ide to allo w the feet free play witho u t

c a u s ing the m to draw u p the dre ss by the ir act io n ,

a nd yet no t so w ide as to per m it t h e sk irt to h an g

in folds or fl ap in th e w ind A Norfolk jack et .
,

m ade to fit n eatly bu t n o t t ightly t o t h e figu re ,

c u t lo w ro u n d the thro a t to allo w the n eck free

a ct io n Both skirt a nd jack et sh o u ld be m ade o f
.

a w oolle n m a te rial a nd o ne that is poro u s an d o f

,

l ight we ight A so ft s il k ha ndkerch ief is w or n

.

ro u n d the neck w h ich wil l h id e the abs e nce o f

,
 FI E L D S POR TS A ND A M U S E ME N TS .

collar a nd brooch S hoes having firm b ut n o t

.
,

heavy soles a nd a c lose fitting so ft h a t m ade o f t i e

,
-

sam e m aterial as the d ress co m pl e te t h e c o st u m e,

.

The dress fo r a ge ntle m a n is k n ick e rb o ck e rs a nd ,

a short coat bu tton ed u p t h e fr o n t ; s to ck ings

ribbed a nd k n itted o f th ick w ool ; shoes w ith
,

sto u t soles ; a cap w it h pea ks at the fro nt a nd

back m ade l ike t h e su it o f poro u s w oolle n m a
, , ,

t eria l o r a n o rd inary stra w h a t

,
A light silk ha n d .

kerch ie f loosely t ied ro u nd th e n ec k sho u ld tak e

t h e p lace o f a st iff collar a nd tie ~
.

Ska ting is anoth er am u s em e n t in w h ich la die s

jo in a nd wh ich in som e parts o f th e co u n try is
,

looked forward to as a del ight fu l certa in ty A .

te m pe ratu re below ze ro is hailed w ith delight a nd ,

“
th e belle s a nd th e beau x al ike h a st en to v is it th e
”
ic y sce n es a nd m ock t h e terrors o f the frost
,
In .

days o f yore the m a ide ns conte n ted them selves w ith

w atch ing the skate rs bu t no w they are as fleet a s a ny
,

La plander or Holla nder Whe n the great e fe nn e

.

or m oore is frozen says a n o ld ch ron icler de, ,

scrib ing a skat ing sce ne in th e v ic inity o f Lo ndo n

-

m an y yo u nge m en play o n the y o e S om e s try d .

ing as w ide as they m a y doe sl ide s w iftly ,

S om e .

tye b o n es to their feete a nd u nd er the ir h eeles a nd , ,

shoving the m sel v es by a l ittle p icked s ta fle do ,

sl ide as sw iftly a s a b irde fl yeth in the a ir o r a n

a rro w o u t o f a crosse bo w A ge n tle m an sho u ld
.

carry th e lad y s s kates if he be her walk ing c o m

’

a n io n He w ill fi d h r a ch a ir a nd faste n o n
p . n e ,

h er skates gu ide s u pport a nd instru ct h erat first

, ,

if she b e a nov ice in the art a nd in shor t be a s , ,

ch iva lrou s in h is behav iou r as a ny k night in the

olde n t im e The lad ies o n the ir side m u st n o t
.
, ,

ta x the pat ien ce o f the ir instr u ctors too severely .

202 G OO D S O CI E T Y
.

It is so m et im es days be fore they are able to stan d

u po n the ir skates or dare to ve nt ure w itho u t a
st ro ng a rm to lean u po n fo r fear o f a fall Let.

them pract ise by th em selves o n som e s m all pon d

‘

w here a tu m ble w ill h u rt n e it h er th e m n o r th eir

m o d esty.
 C H A PTER X I X .

T HE C O U RT .

a m es s a nd B uc kingh a m Pa la c es W h o m a y b e Pre
’
St J
.
-

s en t ed— L i
’
a d es C o u rt D re s s — ’
G e n t lem e n s C o u rt D res s
— Ru les a nd Regu la tio ns —T h e D ra w in g Ro o m —T h e -

L ev ee—T he rish C o u rt —C o u rt M o u rning

I .

’
let m e k iss m y S o v e re ign s h a nd
A nd b o w m y k nee befo re his m a e st y j .

R ic /la rd I ] .

z ud G en t lem a n— Y o u s a w th e c erem o ny
rd — Th a t I did
3 . .

I S L — H o w w a s it

3 rd — W .e ll w ort h se e in g.
2 n d —G o o d S ir, s pe a k I t t o u s
.

3 rd —A s w ell a s I a m a b le
. .

Hen ry VI I I .

T H E extre m e for m ality o f Co u rt et iq u e tte, a nd th e

strict obs erva nce w h ich m u st be pa id to all its
r u les, w ill o f necess ity re n der th is chapte r o f in
fo rm at io n regard in g it a ve ry p rec ise a nd fo rm al
o ne .
The Q u ee n no w holds her d rawin g roo m s a nd -

l evées at B u ck ingha m Palace the S tate a part m e nts

,

there be in g m ore spac io u s than those at S t Jam es s .

’

Palace where they w ere form e rly held Leve es

, .
’

are still held at S t Jam es s Palace by the P rince

.
’

o f Wale s Th is palace w a s orig inally a hospital

.

fo r lepers It wa s pu rchased by Henry V I I I

. ,
20 4 G OOD S O CI E T Y .

w ho altered it a n d m a de it as it no w stan ds
, .

A fter the dest ru ct io n o f the Pa lace o f Wh itehall in ,

1 69 5 S t Ja m es s beca m e the to w n res ide nce o f

’
.
,

o u r S o vere ig ns a nd co n t inu ed to be so u p to the

,

access io n o f o u r Q u ee n in 1 8 3 7 w he n the Co u rt ,

took u p its abode at B u ckingha m Palace .

La d ies a n d ge ntle m e n wh o w ish to b e prese n ted

to the ir S overeign at a drawing roo m or levée c a n -

o nly obtain the honou r throu gh o ne o f the ir a c

q u a in t a n c es w h o has prev io u sly bee n prese n ted .

I t will be see n by the Lord Cha m berla in s Reg u l a

’

t io ns that the o ne wh o prese nts m u st also appear

at Co u rt as well as the o ne prese n ted so that th is
ru le together w ith other reason s w h ich m a y be
, ,

eas ily d ivined m akes it a m atter o f del icacy fo r o ne

,

perso n to ask the favou r o f another u nless they ,

are relat ives or very intim ate frie nds Her Majesty .

is grac io u sly access ible to all perso ns o f ra n k a nd

t itle provided they bear a good character in soc iety ;
,

bu t it w o u ld be in vain fo r a ny lady to s u e fo r
ad m ittance into the Co u rtly c ircle ho wever h igh ,

her rank if there w ere the least sta in u po n her

,

rep u tatio n The w ives a nd da u ghte rs o f the clergy

.
,

n aval a nd m il itary o flic ers o f phys ic ia n s barr iste rs

, , ,

a n d ba n kers m a y also be prese n ted prov ided the ir

, ,

co nd uct is sa ns rep roc /zc .

T he d ress w or n o n these occas io n s both by the ,

lad ies a n d ge ntlem e n has q u ite a dis t inct ive fea

,

t u re o f its o wn a n d there fore the desc ript io ns are

,

placed in th is chapter in stead o f that headed The

”
To ilet . The Cou rt dress o f the lady con s ists o f
pett icoat b od ice a n d train The petticoat is o f
, , .

s ilk with t ulle or lace trim m ings m ade lo ng a nd

, , ,

is in real ity l ike the s kirt o f a n ord inary b a ll d ress .

The bod ice wh ich is m ade qu ite lo w w ith sh ort

, ,
 TI I E CO U R T .

sleeves a nd o f the sa m e m aterial as the petticoat

, ,

is trim m e d to m atch th at gar m e nt The t rain is .

o f great le ngth a n d b re a dth a nd is w or n fall ing ,

e ither fro m the wa ist or sh o u lders I t is m ade o f .

a m ore costly a nd han dso m e m aterial tha n the

othe r part o f th e d ress ; velvet or satin is chose n ,

a nd it is t rim m ed with la c e a n d feathers or flow e rs ,

to correspo nd The head dress co ns ists o f feathe rs

.
-

a n d lace lappets or a ve il o f w h ite t u lle a n d the

, ,

hair is o rn am e nted with diam o nds o r other pre

c io u s sto n es T h e other port ions o f the cost u m e
.

the shoes the fa n a nd the gloves w h ich m u st be

, , ,

wh ite — S ho u ld a ll b e co n s iste n t w ith fu ll dress .

A s to the Co u rt dress o f the ge n tle m en that ,

wh ich cam e to u s in the days o f the early G eorges ,

the costu m e o f Lo u is Qu in ze re m a ins fo r the m ost ,

part as the Co u rt dress o f to day -

.

—
Th is d ress w h ich reta ins the m ain featu re o f
the pe riod o f I 7 o o — co n s ists o f coat a n d k n ee
breeches o f pl u m colou red cloth orna m e nted w ith
-

steel b u tto n s ; a w h ite wa istcoat e m broide red in ,

colo u rs ; a n elaborately frilled shirt ; p ink s ilk

stock ings ; shoes with d iam on d or steel bu ckles ;
a nd a s w ord w h ich ha n gs s u spe nded b y a steel
,

chain to the h ilt Lastly co m es th e c ocked hat

.
,

and the o u t er m a n is co m ple te .

V ar io u s atte m pts have bee n m ade to d iscard

th is d ress a n d o f late ye a rs a n e we r style has bee n
,

su bst itu ted a nd instead o f th e pl u m colo u red cloth

,
-

som e ge n tle m e n w ea r black s ilk velvet coat ,

breech es a nd w a istcoat orna m en ted w ith g ilt or

, ,

s il v er b u tto n s w ith w h ich t h e shoe b u c k les a nd

,
-

sword co rrespo nd Naval a nd m il itary m en appear

.

in the ir u n iform s b ishops a n d d ig nitar ies o f t he

,

Ch u rch in the ir ro bes .

2 06 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

’
REG U L AT I ON S T O B E O B S E RV ED A T T H E Q U EEN S

D RA W I N G ROO M A T B U C KI N G H A M PA LA C E .

B y ber M aj ksa s
’
— The lad ies who
c o m m a nd.

propose to atte n d her Maj esty s dra wing roo m at ’

-

B u ck ingh am Palace are requ ested to b ring w ith

the m t wo large cards w ith their na m es clearly
,

w r itte n thereo n ; o n e to be le ft with the Q u ee n s

’

page in atte ndance in the corridor a nd the othe r ,

to be del ivered to the Lord Cha m berla in wh o wil l ,

a nno u n ce the na m e to the Q u ee n .

PRES E N T A T I O N S.

A ny lady wh o proposes to b e prese n ted m u s t

leave at the Lord Cham be rlain s o flic e S t Ja m es s
’

, .
’

’
Palace be fore t welve o clock t wo clear days pre
, ,

v io u s to that o n wh ich the dra wing roo m is held -

a card with her nam e writte n thereo n a nd o ne wit h ,

the n am e o f the lady by who m S h e is to b e pre

se n ted I n order to carry o u t the ex isting regu la
.

t io n that no presentat ion c a n be m ade at a draw

,

ing roo m exceptin g b y a lady actu ally atte nd ing

-

the Co u rt it is also n ec essa ry that a n in tim ation

'

fro m the lady w h o is to m a ke the prese n ta t io n o f

her inte nt io n to be prese nt S h o u ld accom pany th e
prese ntat io n card above re ferred to wh ich w ill be ,

s u b m itted to the Q u ee n fo r her Maj esty s a p ’

probation I t is her Majesty s co m m a n d that

.
’

no prese ntation shall be m ade at the drawing

roo m except in accorda nce with the above regu la
t ion s .

It is particu la rly requ ested that in eve ry case th e

nam es be very d ist inctly w ritte n u po n the cards to

be d el ivered to the Lord C ham b erla in in order ,

 TH E CO U R T-
. 207

that there m ay be no diflic u lty in annou nc ing t hem

to the Qu ee n .

It is no t expected that ge n tle m e n w ill prese nt

the m selves at d raw ing roo m s except in atte ndance
-

u po n the lad ies o f the ir fa m il ies .

A n y ge ntle m a n w h o u n der these c irc u m stances

, ,

sho u ld desire to be p rese n ted to the Q u ee n w ill

obse rve the sa m e reg ulatio ns as are in force fo r
her Majesty s levées
’
.

The S tate a part m e nts w ill be ope n fo r the recep

t io n o f the co m pan y com ing to Cou rt at two
o clock
’
.

These regu lations a pply equ ally to gentlem en

a nd lad ies. D irectio n s at what gate to e nte r a nd ,

w here the c a rriages are to set do wn are al way s ,

p rinted in the n e wspape rs .

The cere m o ny o f prese n tation is as follow s .

O n gett ing o u t o f th e carriage eve r yth ing in ,

the shape o f shawl or cloak is le ft beh ind The .

t rain is carried over the le ft a rm W he n the lady s .

’

t u rn fo r prese ntatio n co m es she proceeds to the ,

Prese nce Cha m ber or Th ro n e Roo m a n d o n e nter ,

in g it lets do wn the tra in w h ich is in sta ntly sprea d

,

o ut by the lords in wa it ing w ith their wa nds

- -
.

T he card o n w h ich the lady s n a m e is w ritte n

’

is the n ha n ded to the Lord Cha m berlain w h o ,

reads th e n am e alou d to the Q u ee n The lady .

advances to t h e Qu ee n a nd whe n she arrives ,

j u st be fore her Majesty c u rtseys very lo w so lo w ,

as a lm ost to k neel to the Q u ee n wh o if the l ady , ,

prese nted b e a pee ress or a pee r s dau ghter k isses ’

h er forehead bu t in the ca se o f a co m m o ner her

, ,

M ajesty hol ds o u t h er ha nd to be k issed by th e

l a dy p rese nte d The lady the n r ises a nd m ak ing
.
,

a c u rtsey to a ny m e m b ers o f the R o yal Fa m ily wh o

2 08 G O OD S O CI E T Y .

m ay b e present passes o n keep ing her face to wards

, ,

t he Qu ee n unt il she has passed o ut o f the door

,

appo inted fo r those leaving the Presence Cham ber .

The cere m ony fo r gen tle m e n attend ing th e

Q u een s levée is the sam e with the exception that
’
,

t h ey k n eel do wn o n o ne k n ee o n arriving be fore

h er Majesty a nd k iss her ha nd
, A t levé es held by .

t he Pr in ce o f Wales the ge n tle m e n bo w a nd ret ire .

Prese ntat io ns at the Irish Co u rt d iffe r in a fe w

p a rtic u lars o f cere m ony fro m th ose m ade at th e
E ngl ish Co u rt Lev ées are h eld at the sam e t im e
.
,

bu t dra wing roo m s tak e place in the eve ning at

-

n in e o clock
’
.

T h e sa m e style o f dress is req uired The train .

is carrie d over the a rm u nt il the w earer reaches the

Prese nce Cha m ber w he n a n a ide de cam p arranges
,
- -

t he tra in . I f th e lady is presen ted the Lord Lie u ,

-

te na n t k isses her cheek ; she m akes a c u rtsey a nd

retires b u t no t backwards I f she is o n ly atte nd ing
,
.

the drawin g roo m she c u rtseys a nd passes o n

-

,
.

The ge ntle m e n atte nd ing the L ord Lie u ten an t s -

’

le vé e bo w o n being p rese n ted I f a ny o f thos e .

atte nd ing the drawing roo m or levée are intim ate

-

w it h the Lo rd Lie u te na nt he shakes hands with

-

the m .

Natio nal m o urning is ordered whe n a k in g or

q u ee n d ies The whol e co u ntry is expected to
.

show the ir respect in that wa y ; bu t o nly black is

req u ired .T he m ate rial is no t spec ified a nd crape ,

is n o t worn U n t il the prese n t ce n t u ry Co u rt

.
,

m ou rning fo r a k in g or qu ee n in E ngla nd wa s w orn

fo r a whole yea r as if fo r a pare n t W he n the .

Co u rt is ordered into m o u rning o n the death o f ,

a ny m e m ber or co nn ect io n o f the Royal Fa m ily ,

the dress req u ired (wh ich is ge nerally o f s ilk ) a nd ,

 TI I E CO U R T . 209

th e l ength o f t im e it is to be worn (u s u ally three

w eeks ) is p u bl ished in the new s paper s
,
For
.

the enco u ragem en t o f o u r E ngl ish silks says a ,

chro nicler o f Qu ee n A nne s day h is Royal H igh

’
,

n ess the Prin ce o f De nm ark a n d t h e n ob il ity appear

in m o u rnin g hatbands m ade o f that s ilk to br ing,

the sa m e into fash io n in the place o f cra pes wh ic h

, ,

a re m ade in the Pope s co u ntry wh ither w e s e nd

’

,
”
o u r m o n ey fo r the m
.
 C H A PTE R XX .

D EA T H .

T hings to be do ne im m edia te ly u po n a D ea th O ld Cu sto m s

-
T he F u n era l—T h e M o u rne r s — T h e S e rv ic e — R ea ding
o f th e W ill— n q u iries b
I rieFnds —A c k n o wle d m ent
y g
h
The S u nda y a fter t e u e a
nF r l— M o n u m en ts .

‘
I he glo rie s o f o u r b irt h a nd s ta te
A re s h a do w s n o t su b s t a n t ia l t h ings.
,

T he re is no a rm o u r a ga ins t fa t e
D ea t h la y s h is ic y h a nd o n k ings .
S c e pt re a nd c ro wn
M u s t t u m ble do wn ,

A nd in t h e du s t be eq u a l m a de
W ith t he po o r c ro o ked sc y th e a nd s pa de.

end o f all th ings is death That stern.

reaper c u ts dow n al ike the bearded gra in a n d the

flowers that g ro w bet wee n With his ke en s ickle
.

he lays lo w old a nd yo u ng the k ing and the ,

“
peasant A ll fall l ifeless be fore h im a n d the ir
.
,
”
ears co m e to a n en d as it w e re a tale that is told
y .

When the dread m o m e n t h a s co m e and the sp irit

has taken its fl ight so m e relat ive o r frie nd u nder
,

takes to perfor m th e n ecessary o flic es .

The co ffin sho uld be ordered w itho u t delay .

It shou ld be m ade o f plain elm or oak and ,

l ined w ith wh ite jea n A ll the black heathe nis h

. ,

f u r nit u re w ith w h ic h co ffins are o fte n de faced

 D E A TH . 2I I

sh o uld b e d iscarded The ha n dles sho u ld e ither

.

be pla in rings o f galva nised iro n or o f bras s A t .

the lower end o f the lid shou ld be a wh ite m etal or

brass plate with the na m e age a nd date o f death
, , ,

o f the dece a sed .

A nother im m ed iate d u ty is to wr ite to all rel a

t ion s a nd int im ate frie nds a nd inform the m o f the
death a nd to sen d a not ice o f it fo r in se rt ion in
,

n e ws papers Th is m u st be prepa id The charge

. .

fo r s u ch not ice varies in d iffere nt papers .

The a rrange m e nts fo r the fu neral are ge nerally

d irected by the head o f the fam ily wh o expresses ,

his w ishes to a n u nd ertaker a nd leaves the s u perin,

te nde nce o f the m inor deta ils in h is ha nds The .

love o f parade a nd S ho w w h ich u sed to atte nd eve n

th ese sad cerem o nials has in a very great m easu re
bee n pu t down by good taste ; bu t it is adv isa ble
to be partic u la rly expl ic it o n that po in t o r the ,

u nde rtak ers m a y ca rry o u t I lzeir ideas w h ich are t oo ,

freq u e n tly fo r oste ntat io u s d ispl a y a nd the very

reverse o f s im pl ic ity .

U nt il ve ry rece ntly it has bee n the gene ral

,

c u stom to s u pply c ra pe scarfs a nd lo ng crape hat

ba nds to the m o u rn ers a nd s ilk sca rfs a nd hat
,

bands as well as gloves to the frie nds o flic ia ting

, , ,

cle rgym e n and beare rs A t fu ne rals o f ch ildren

, .

a nd yo u ng girls th ese s c a rfs w e re e ither o f wh ite

,

s ilk or o f blac k s il k t ied w ith w h ite ribbo n These

, .

s pec ial hab il im e nt s are no w very rarely exh ib ited ,

a nd are rap idly fall in g in to d is u se .

A bo u t a h u n dred yea rs ago the pract ice o f lay ing

the dead in state wa s very general no t fo r k ings a nd ,

great pe rso nages alo n e bu t the bod ies o f m e rchants

,

a nd t rades m e n wer e also la id o u t a m idst black

‘
velvet ha ngin gs .T he c o flin was surro u nded by
N?
 G OOD S OClE T Y
'

2I 2 .

l ighted ca ndles, the doors o f the h o u ses w ere thro wn

’

open and fo r several days the neigh bo u rs a n d

,

ge neral p u bl ic were allo wed to pass in a nd o u t t o

look at the corpse Then a fter th e fu neral cam e .

the feast— fo r so the m eal wa s call ed—o f wh ich a ll

w h o had atte n ded the fu neral pa rtoo k G re a t .

n u m be rs o f frie n ds a nd acq u a in ta nces 11 ere in v ite d ,

so m etim es as m any as s ixty or e ighty to a n ord inary

fu n e ral A m o ngst the p o or the v ia nds d istrib u t ed
.
,

at these feasts w ere cake a nd c heese ste wed pru ne s , ,

a n d cold possets The h igher classes sat do wn to

.

a dinne r w h ich very o fte n took place at a n hotel

, .

There are m an y other c u sto m s wh ich see m

st range indeed to u s no w a nd yet w ere in u se in ,

the l a st ce nt ury s u ch as plac ing a pl a te o f salt o n

,
—
the dead salt be ing the e m bl em o f eternity a nd
—
im m o rta l ity carry ing garlan ds o f art ific ial flo wer s ,

in term ixed w ith g ilded e m pty egg shells— e m ble m s ,

—
it m a y be o f the hollo wnes s o f th is l ife be fore th e
,

fu neral process io n a nd wh ich w ere the n h u ng in

,

so m e co nsp ic u ou s part o f the ch u rch ; pla c ing a n

ho u r glass in side the co ffin a nd o ne othe r s ingu lar
-

c u sto m wh ich althou gh savou ring stro ngly o f

, ,

heathe nish s u pe rst it io n was o b served in som e ,

n ooks o f E ngla n d u nt il q u ite lately a nd t ha t was ,

as follo w s Poor people were h ired to take u po n

the m the s ins o f the deceased Whe n the corpse .

wa s bro u ght o u t o f the ho u se a nd la id u po n the

b ier a loaf o f bread a m azard bo wl fu ll o f be er a nd
, , ,

a p iece o f m o ney w ere del ivered over the coffi n to

the s in eater wh o in con s iderat ion o f these gifts
-

, , ,

took u po n h im self ipso f a c to a ll the s in s o f the

, ,

de fu nct a nd freed h im or her from w alk ing after

,

death T im e h a s s wept all these s u perst itious

.

O bservanc e s a lm ost e nt irely away .

 D E A TH . 2I 3

H itherto it has no t be en u sual fo r a ny o f the

fe m ale m e m bers o f the fa m ily to atte n d the fun era l ,

but if they feel st ro ng e n o u gh a nd c a n keep the ir ,

grie f w ith in du e bou nds let no t the thou ght o f ,

what is c u sto m ary preve nt the m fro m follo wing the ir

lost o n e to the grave a nd fro m having the co nsola
,

t ion o f that m ost beau tiful service o f the C h u rch fo r

the b u ria l o f the dead The dress o f th e ch ie f
.

m o u r n ers is fo r lad ies w oolle n m ater ials tr im m ed

, ,

wit h c rape — these are the o n ly tw o m ate rials w orn

at a fu neral ; a nd fo r ge n tle m e n b lack su its a n d ,

t ies black k id gloves a nd a band o f black cloth

, ,

rou nd the hat .

A t the t im e ap po inted w h ich is generally in the

'

m o rnin g ho u rs th o se wh o are in vited to atte nd the

,

fu n eral proceed to the ho u se The invitatio ns .

u s u ally exte nd o nly to the p a rt ic u lar fr ie nds o f the

dec eased a nd the fam ily doc tor a nd lawyer

, .

They assem b le in the d in ing roo m or l ibrary -

wh en the u ndertaker g ives a pa ir o f gloves to ea c h

o n h is arrival The lad ies o f the ho u se do no t
.

appear u n til th e m ou rnfu l proc e ssion is ready to

sta rt whe n they go d irect fro m the ir o w n room s to
,

the m o u rn ing coaches wh ich a re appoin ted to c o n

-

vey the m The nearest re lat ives o f the deceased

.

or representatives o f the fam ily follow accord ing to ,

the ir degrees o f k in sh ip next to the hearse the n , ,

the m ore dista nt on es the n friends a nd o fte n the

, ,

proces sion is com pleted by the e m pty a nd closed

ca rriages o f acq u aintances wh o are des iro u s to Sho w
the ir respect to the deceased a nd th e bereaved
fam ily The c o flin is carried in to the ch u rch an d
.

pla ced in the chancel The fu neral party have seats

.

allotted to the m in the sa m e part When the first .

part o f the serv ice is co ncl u ded the clergy m an , ,

2 14 G O OD S OC I E T Y .

proceeds to the g rave fol lo wed by the b earers a nd

,

th e m o u r ners in the sa m e order as they e n te red th e

ch u rch Whe n the last sad r ite is e nded t he grou p
.
,

b rea ks u p a nd d isperses irreg u larly T h e head o f .

the fam ily or its represe ntative goes to the vestry to

give the cl ergym a n the part ic u l a rs as to nam e a nd
age necessary fo r the fill in g u p o f the reg ister a n d
, ,

also to pay the fees The no m inal fees d iffer in each

.

p ar ish The expe nse o f the gra v e depe nds u pon

.

whether a va u lt has bee n m ade or whether it is a ,

n ew gra ve . I n reality n o fees a re du e o f co m m o n

,

r ight to the cle rgy m a n bu t the im m e m orial c u sto m

,

o f each p arish has sa nct io ned the pay m e n t so that ,

they a re al ways de m a nded Three or fou r sh ill ings .

is the stated fee bu t wel l to do people ge nerally g ive

,
-

a p iece o f gold We h av e here take n the Ch u rch o f

.

E nglan d serv ice as o u r exa m ple Other rel igio us .

de no m inat io ns h ave other r ites though th e b u rial ,

service o f the Ch u rch is m ost ge nera lly u sed by

all sects ; bu t how ever that m ay be all the social
, ,

Ob ser vances w o u ld be the sa m e in eve r y case .

O nly the fa m ily party retu rn to th e ho u se The .

w ill is th e n re ad in the presen ce o f the m a ll by the

fam ily la wyer .

A few years ago it wa s the c u sto m fo r all wh o

h ad att ended the fu n era l to as sem ble o n the fo l
lo wing S u nday a nd appear in church w e ar ing sc arfs ,

a nd hatba nds as o n the da

y o f the fu n eral P e w s .

were set as ide fo r the m so that they m ight all be

,

seated in a b ody No w t here is n o cerem o ny o f

.

th a t k ind The fam ily go a nd the o ffic iat ing

.
,

clergy m an wears a scarf over h is s u rpl ice if o ne ha s

bee n g ive n to h im bu t no d isplay is m ade
,
.

Frie nds a nd acq u aintances expres s the ir sy m

pathy after the fu n e ral by leaving or se nd ing the ir
 D E A TH . 21 5
d
c ar ,s o n wh ich th ey w rit e u nderneath the ir na m e
, ,

With k ind inq u iries . W h en the fam ily fe el a ble

”

t o rece ive calle rs they ac kno wle dge t h ese co u r

,

t e s ies in a for m a l m a n ner by send ing print ed cards ,

s u ch as th is

M rs . W I LS O N
re tu rn s t h a n k s fo r

M rs
’

. A RB O T T S

kind in q u irie s .

A fe w w ords m u s t be said abo u t the m o nu m e nts

placed in the ch u rch es, a nd o f the graves t h em selves
in the ch urchy a rd or c em etery O ftt im es the affe c
.

t io n o f those le ft beh ind is a t a loss fo r m ean s

w h ere w ith to d isplay its wo n ted sol ic it u de , a nd
seeks consolat ion u nd er sorro w in do ing hon o u r to
—
all that re m a ins the s ile n t grave It is o nly .

“
natu ra l that fil ia l p iety, pare nt al t ende rness , a nd
co nj u gal love sho u ld m a rk w ith som e fond m e m o
rial the clay cold spot w h ere the form , st ill fost ered
-

in the boso m , m o u lde rs away A nd did a ffectio n

.

go n o fu rther, wh o co u ld ce n su re ? The wish o f

Pope, that w he n he d ied no t a sto ne m ight tell
w here he lay , is a w ish that wo u ld be gra n ted w ith
ext re m e rel u c tance Thou gh there is a class ical
.

sim pl ic ity in the t u rf clad hea p o f m o u l d, yet

-

we w o u l d fain have som e t h ing last ing, th a t

“ ”
w ill be there , as w e sa y , fo r ever, so m eth ing
to keep the spot fro m the com m on tread , a nd
the na m e gree n in the m e m ory S o be it O nly, . .

le t the record h e a s im ple , u na fl ec ted o ne ; do

'

no t let va nity lead to a n excess , so m e t im es , sa d

to say, per fectly l u d icrou s I t m a y be sa id tha t
.

t h e se th ing s a re o u t o f date , t hat th e good ta s t e

2 16 G OOD S OCI E T Y .

o f th e eteen th ce ntu ry forb id s an d ha s pu t

n in
do wn all e u log iu m s se nseless rhym es a nd doggere l
, ,

o n gravesto n es Not altoge ther Pr ide wea k ness

. .
, ,

a nd va nity st ill fight fo r d isplay Wit h in the l as t t wo

.

or three years a m on u m e nt has bee n placed in o ne

o f the ch u rches o f a m ost lear n ed a nd a n c ie n t c ity ,

w h ich record s the fact a m o ngst other det a ils that

, ,
“
the deceas ed wa s the largest s ingle ha nded bre wer -

”
o u t o f L o ndo n ! A m arble m o n u m e nt ho w ever ,

fine the sc u lpt u re a nd costly th e m ater ial w ith a n ,

inscript io n s u ch as th is is far m ore offen s ive a nd

,

o u tra geou s to tru e taste t han th e woo den m e m or ial

o f the ig nora nt ru st ic sc u lpt u red w ith pa inte d bo n es
,

a nd decked with death s hea d s in a ll the colo u rs o f

’
-

“
the rainbo w . It is b etter that the pa sser by -

whe n he sees a na m e sho u ld recollect the v irt u es

,

o f its ow n er tha n that his re m arks sho u ld be a n t ic i

,
”
pated by a n obtru d ing narrat ive .

hera ldry . t h e o m p o f p o w 1 .
’
Th e boa s t of

b p
A nd a ll t ha t ea u t y a ll t t wea lt h e er ga v e .
,
’

A w a it a lik e t he inev ita b le h o u r

T he pa t h s o f glo ry lead bu t to t he gra ve .
 I N D E X .

A PA G E

A ffec ta t io n, Ex c essiv e, to be a v o ided

A m a teu r A c t ing
A po lo is ing, Exc ess iv e, tobe a vO ided
g “

A ttentio ns , G e ntlem en s, to Ladie$

'

Ba lls, C lo a k Ro o m s a t
D ec o ra tio ns a t
D ra w ing roo m s a t
-
.

D u t ies o f Enterta iners to G uests at

D u ties o f Pa rtners a t
D u ties o f S tewa rds a t Pu blic
F a n c y D res s

,
Intr b
o du c tio ns a t Pu lic
Ligh ts a t
,
M a nagem ent o f Pu blic
, M us ic a t
Priv a te
Ro o m s nec essary fo r
S ea so n s
T ea Ro o m s a t
Tic kets fo r Pu blic
Ba n ns , T o be M a rried by
Ba ptis m , Priv a te
Pu blic
B irth , M o dern C u sto m s o rith e O c c a s io n o f a
O ld C u sto m o n the oc c a sio n o f a
Bo a ti ng
Bo wing, D iflerent
'

Mo des o f
Brea k fas t, A rra ngem ent o f th e T a b le fo r
D ish es fo r, a t different S easo ns
2 18 I ND E X .

B re a k fa s t,
’

, lI u nt a nd S po rts m en s
in the Olden T im e .

in th e Pres ent D a y .

W edding
, W ha t to se
rv e fo r
.

B ride, B ridegro o m s Prese

’
nts to a

, C o s tu m e o
fa
B ridegro o m , G entle m a n s D
’
ress a s a
B ridesm aids
B ridegro o m s Prese nt s to th e
’

, C o st
um e o f
”

C a k e a n l Wine
C a ll L en th o f a fo rm al
C allm g , se o f

Ca lls , C erem o nies o f

, S ty le o f D res s w he n p y g
a in
W he n the sh o u ld be pa id
C a rds, Ho w to c a v e
M o dern
, W hen to se nd

C a rv ing
C e re m o ny , E x tre m e , to b e a vo ide
d
C ha pel, T0 be M u ried a t a Lic e nsed
C h a pero ns, D ress o f
Ch a ra des
C h ris tening, Ceremo ny o f
Ente rta inm en t giv en o n da y o f
, F
ees fo r
Pres ents
S ty le o f D ress a p pro priate fo r
C h u rc h ing, T h e rite o f
C o ffee, A fter D inner
Co n firm a tio n
Age req u ired fo r
C ere m o ny o f
, Dr ess nec ess a ry fo r

, P re a ra t io n fo r
p
C o n ve rsa tio n, Re m a rk s o n
 I ND E X . 219

C oo kery , G oo d
C o u rtsh ip , E tiqu ette o f
C o u rt, B u c k ingha m Pa la c e
’

, G ent le m en 5 D res s a t
La dies D ress a t
’

W h o m a y be presen ted
M o u rning
I
ris h

D a nc ers, G o o d a nd ba d
D a n c es, M o dern fa shio na ble
D a nc ing, S ty les o f
Dea th , O ld Cu sto m s o n th e oc c u rrenc e o f a
, T h ings to b e do ne im m e dia tely o n a

D es sert , T h e
D in ne r a la Ru n e
A rriva l o f G u es ts to
C o fiee a ft er
'

Cu s to m s o f W ine ta k ing a t
-

a fter a

, G o ing in to ..

, Re tirem e nt o f th e La dies fro m

, S ec rets o f a S u c c ess fu l
Ta ble, A ppo int m ents a nd D ec o ra tio ns fo r
, T ea a fte r

W hen to iss u e n v ita tio n s fo r a

I
W h o m to inv ite
Q uestio n, T h e
T a bles o f la st T en C entu ries
D inne rs fo r D iffe rent S easo ns
D ra w ing ro o m , Ru les to be o bse rv ed a t the Q u e
’
en 5
D ress , Ba ll
, D inner
’
G entlem en s , in fo rm er D a y s
G entle m e n s, in M o dern T im es
’
,

La dies M o rning
’

La w n Tennis
N ea tness
z 20 I N D E X.

D ress, S u ita bility in

T ric y c li
Y ac h tin
’
(C o u rt),’ G entlem en s
La dies

Ea ting a nd D rink ing

E nglish , o reigner s o pin1o u o f the
F
’

Etiqu et te, O rigin o f the W o rd

F
F ili rity E c es w t be id d
am a , x s e, o avo e
F ily R y l H w t Addr the
am , o a , o o ess
F th er i l w I nt er i w w ith the
a -
n a , v e
F i ld S p rt
e o s
Fi hi g
s n
Fu n in the L st a
F rl
u ne a s
Ch u rc h Serv ic e a t .

, D ress a t
, Ex press io n o f S y m p a thy a fter

, S u nda y a fter
l

G a rden Pa rties, G entlem an s D ress a t

’

La dies D ress a t
’

G entlem a n, C ha rac teris tic s o f a

D efinit io n o f a m

’
T hac kera 3 D efinitio n o f a
G entlem en , D i erc u t C lasses o f the o rder
G lo v es, Wh en to Wea r
G od parents, C ho ic e o f
-

H
Ha nd, D ifferent M o des o f S haking th e
Head dress, a Ge ntlem a n s ’

H era ldry
Ho no ur, T itles o f :
H o u se, C o nduc t when S ta in
y g in a F rte nd
’
 I N D EX. 221

H o u se, Furnit u re o f a

H u nting
G entlem en s D ress fo r
’

La dies D ress fo r
’

I q
n u irie s, A c k no w ledgm e nts fo r, on a D ea th
I n t ro du c t io n, La w s o f
Le tters o f
I n v it a t io ns, F
o rm s o f

J G entlem
ew ellery , en s
Ladies ’

Kiss ing, F o reigners

’
R em ark s o n English

La dy , D efinitio n o’f a
Language ,
Ru sk in s R em a rks o n
La u gh ter
La w n Tennis
Le tter A ddiso n s O pinio n o n
’
the S ty le o f a
W
,

G erm an I nj u nc tio n o n r1t 1ng a

H o w to W rite a
Le tte rs , H o w to W rite, to S trange rs
Pro per T erm ina tio ns to
Le v ée, C erem o ny a t th e
Lic enc e, S pec ial
O rdina ry
Lu nc heo n, D efinitio n o f
Ho t
M a nne rs
v
W h a t t o
plac e on the Table fo r
222 I NDEX .

PA G E

M a nager, A G o o d 1 07 , 1 08
M a n ners, D r J o h nso n s
’
.

F o rm e r Fr
enc h
in Ea rly T im es
M a rk o f G o o d
Nec ess ity o f G o o d
o f L as t C en t u ry

, P o lis h e d

M a rried, D ifferent W a y s to G et
M o nu m ents
Mo u rners
M o u rn ing
Ho w L o ng to Wea r

N ea tness ln D ress
No bility , H o w to Address the

P
Pa per a nd E nv elo pes , D ifferent Kinds of

Pa rt ies, G a rden
,
La w n T en n is

, D re s s es fo r G a rd en
Pa rty , T a ble Req uis it es fo r Enterta in ing a
Pic nic s , Co nv ey a nc e o f G u est s a nd Pro v is io ns t o
, El e c t io n o f M a n a ge rs fo r
Priv a te
ro v is io n s a ndB e v e ra ges a t
,

, P

, S ty le o f D r e ss fo r
S u bsc riptio n
, T h ings n o t t o be Fo rgo tten fo r

,
W h y Peo ple Enj o y
D
Po litenes s , Lo rd C h est erfield s efinit io n o f
’

Prec edenc y , La ws o f
Presen ts, Ch ristening
W edding

Q
C erem f Presenta tio n to th e
Q ueen , on
y o 206
 I NDE X . 223

R
Ran k , M o des o f A ddr es s ing Let ters to Perso ns
Regis t ra r, M a rria ge a t th e O ffic e o f a
Ring , E nga gem en t
, W edding
Ro o m s , B rea k fa s t

D iffe rent S ty le s of

, D in ing
, D ra w ing
, Pro tes t aga inst Bes t
,
Tem pera t u re o f

S
S ea s ide, S ty le o f D ress fo r th e
S ea ling w a x
-

S erv a n ts , G ra tu it ies to
S h o o t ing, G en tlem en s D ress fo r
’

O rga n isa t io n o f Pa rties fo r

S ka t ing
S peec h , Ina c c u ra c ies o f .

S u ppe r, A rra ngem en t o f Ta ble fo r

, B a ll ”

F p
renc h D is la y a r ..

, I m pro n1 p t u . .

, Ro m a n B ill of Fa re fo r

T a ble, Lay ing t h e

T a bles, O u r S u pper
Ta b lea u x V iv a n ts
S u bj ec ts fo r
Tea s , H igh
, A ftem o o
n

, W h a t to pu t o n the Ta ble fo r
Th ea t ric a ls , Priv a te m

T o a s t , H o w to Prepa re S u ga red
T rieyc lin g “

’
, G e nt e
l m e n 5 D res s fo r
, La dies D ress fo r
’

V is it ing
2 24 I N D EX .

V is its Length s o f
,
..

Vo ic e C ultiv a tio n o f
,

Wa iters
Wa lk , D iffe ren t S ty les o f .

, D iffe ren c e b e t w ee n a M a n
’
s a n d a W o m an 5

Wedding B rea kfa s t

C hu rc h C ere m o ny a t a
D a y befo re th e
D a y o f th e
D e pa rtu re a fter a
D ress o f G u es ts a t a
I
G u es ts to b e n v ited to a
, T hings to
b e T h o u gh t o f prev io u s to a
W ill, Reading th e
W ines , D in ne r
A fter D inner

Print ed b y C asse ll Gr Co m pa n
y . L im it ed , L a Belle S auva ge , L o ndo n , E C .
 S elec tions from Ca rroll 5 Com pa n y ’
: Pu blic a t io ns .

i llu s trates , J im -

{Art att it o t er h i niti at es .

A b b e y s a n d C h u rc h e s o f E n gla n d a n d W a le s , T h e : D e s c rip t iv e ,
H is t o ric a l, Pic t o ria l. S e ries l l a re . .

A B lo t o f I nk . T ra nsla t ed fro m t h e Frenc h by a n d PA L Fa a n c x a . Q U

58 .
A dv e n t u re , T h e W o rld Fu lly I llu s t ra t ed
o f. I n Th ree Vo ls 98 ea c h . . . .

A fric a a n d it s E x p lo rers , T h e S t o ry o f B y D R Ro s na r B no w n , . .
'

E.L .S . I llus t ra t ed V o l. I ., 7 8 6d .
. .

A gra ria n T e n u res . B t h e Rt . H o n G S H A W L E PEV RB , M P 1 05 6d. . .

-
. . .

A nth ea By t rw ASS AVE TT I (a Ru s s ia n ). A S e nsa t io na l S t o ry ,

bas ed o n a u th ent ic fac t s o f t h e t im e o f t he G reek W a r o f I nde p e nde nc e .

1 08 6d. .

A ra b ia n N igh t s E n t ert a in m e n t s , C a s s e ll s Pic t o ria l. ros . 6d.

’

A rc h it e c t u ra l D ra w in g B y R. Pa r
. an a S P I E RS I llus t ra ted ro s . 6d . . .

A rt , T h e M a a z in e o f . Y ea rly Vo l. W it h 1 2 Ph o to gra v u res, E tc h inge,

&c . , a nd a u t 400 I llu s t ra t io ns r6s . .

A rt is t ic A n a t o m y . B y Pro f. M . D A L. UV
Clem ! E di tio n . 3 8 . 6d .

A t la s , T h e U n iv e rs a l. A N e w a nd Co m plet e G enera l A tlas o f t h e

W o rld, w ith u Pa ges o f M a ps h a n dso m e ly p rodu c ed in Co lo u rs , a nd
.

a C o m p le t e I n e x to a bo u t N a m es . Clo t h, 3 08 . net ; o r ha ir
m o ro c 00 , 3 58 . ne t .
B a s h k irt s e if , M a rie , T h e o u rn a l o f.J Circ a ) Edition . 7 8 . 6d .

B a s h kirt s e ff , M a rie , T h e L e t t e rs o f 7 s . 6d. .

B ee t le s , B u t t e rfl ie s , M o t h s a n d O t h e r I n s e c t s . By A . W . KA PP E L ,
a nd W . E c u o n r K I RB . Y
With 1 2 Co lou red Pl a t es
3 s 6d. .

B io gra p h ic a l D ic t io n a ry , C a s s e ll s N e w . 7 8 . 6d
'
.

B irds N e s t s , E ggs , a n d E gg C o lle c t in g . B y R KEA RT ON

’
-
i llu s . .

t ra t ed w it h x6 Co lo u re d Pla t es. 58 .
“
B lu e Pa v ilio n s , T h e . B y Qh
, A u t o r of D ea d M a n s Roc k, &c
’
6s . .

B o b L o v ell s C a re er. A S t ory o f A m eric a n Ra ilwa y L ife. B y E D W A RD

’

S E LL I S
.
58 .
re e c h lo a de r, T h e , a n d H o w t o U s e I t . B y W. W. G un m an as . .

B rit is h B a lla ds . Wit h 3 7 5 O rigina l I llu s t ra t io ns I n T wo V018 . 1 53

B rit is h B a tt les o n L a n d a n d S e a . B y J a m es G RA N T . W i th a bo u t
600 I llu s t ra t io ns. T hree Vo ls , 4t o , £ 1 7 s ; L ibra ry Edit io n , £ r 1 08
. . .

B rit is h B a tt le s , R e c en t . I llu s tra t e d 4t o , L ibra ry E dit ion , 1 08 .

.

B u t t e rfl ie s a n d M o t h s , E u ro p ea n . W it h 6r C o lo u red Pla t es 358 . .

C a n a rie s a n d C a ge B irds , T h e I llu s t ra t e d B o o k o f. Wit h 56 Fa c

-

s im ile Co lo u re d Pla tes , 353 . H a lf m o ro c c o , £ 2 58 .

-

C a rn a t io n M a n u a l, T h e . Edit e d a nd I ss u ed by t h e N a t io na l Ca rna t ion

a nd Pic o t ee S o c ie t y (S o u t h ern S e c t i o n ). 3 8 . 6d.
C a s s ell s F a m ily M a ga z ine . Y ea r] Vo l I llus tra t ed. gs .
'
.

C a t h edrals , A b b ey s , a n d C h u rc es o f E n gla n d a n d W a les .

D es c rip tiv e, H is t o ric a l, Pic t o ria l Pop u la r E di t i on . T w o
.

C e leb rit ies o f t h e C e n t u ry . Circ a ; E dition . ro s . 6d.

C it ies o f t h e W o rld. Fo u r Vo ls . I llu s t ra t e d. 7 8 . 6d. ea c h.
C iv il S e rv ic e , G u ide t o E m p lo y m e n t i n t h e . 3 s . 6d.
C lim a t e a n d H e a lt h Re so rt s . B y D r B u a n nv Y no 7 8 . 6d. .

C lin ic a l M a n u a ls fo r Pra c t it io n e rs a n d S t u de n t s o f M e dic in

L is t o f V o lu m es fo rw a rded p o s t free o n r p lic a tio n t o t he Pu blis he rs .
C o lo n is t s M e dic a l H a n dbo o k , T h e B y
’
A. . ip 2 9 6d. .

C o lo u r. B y Pro f. A. H . C n u a c u W it h Co lo u re d Pla tes . 3 s . 6d.

.
 Pu blic a t ions
’

S olu t ions f rom Ca rrel! g Com p a ny s .

C o lu m b u s , Th e C a ree r o f. B y C h a n t s E u ro s , Q .C. 1 06. 6d

N i h C t . 6d.
C o m m e rc ia l B o t a n y o f t h e n e t ee n t e n u r y . 3 s

C o o k e ry , A Y e a r s . B y PHY L L I S B a o w na . 3 s . 6d.
’

k
C o o e ry , C a s s e ll
’
s S h i ll in g . 8
3 4p g , a es lim p c l o th , r s .

C o o k ery , V e ge t a ria n . B y A . G Pa v n z . rs 6d. . .

. 6d.
C o o k i n g yb G a s ,
T h e A r t o f . B y M a n t a . 5 0 6 J
6 . I llus t r a t ed 3 s .

C ot ta ge G rd n i P lt r B e e s A ll o t m e n t s F o o d H o use

T ¥
a e n o u , ,

W in do w a n d o w n G a de n s . E dit e”d by W . o s m s o n ,
A u th o r o f
“
T h e E nglish Flo w e r G a rden. Fu lly I llu s tra ted. Firs t
H a lf y ea rly Vo lum e . C lo t h, as . 6d.
o

Cou n t ri e s o f t h e W o rl d , T h e B .
y R O B E R T B r o w n , M .A , P h D ., & c .. .

i i h b I ll . 6d . eac h.
Co m p ete i
l n S x V o ls , w. t a o u t 75 0 u s t ra t 10 n s 4 t o , 7 s .

C y c lo p e dia , C a s s ell s C o n c is e . B ro u gh t do w n t o t h e la tes t da t e With

’
.

a bo u t 600 I llu s tra tio ns. Cir c a) E dit ion . 7 8 6d. .

C y c lo p z dia , C a s s e ll s M in ia t u re . Co nt a in ing
’
s u bj ec t s C lo t h, .

a s . 6d. ha lf ro x bu rgh , 4s .
-

D a u gh t er o f t h e S o u t h , A ; a n d S h o rt e r S t o ries . By M rs B o a ro n .

H a a m so rt . 4s .
D ic k e ns , C h a ra c t er S k et c h es fro m . Fra s r S E CO ND , a nd T H I RD S E RlES .
'

With S ix O rigina l D ra w m gs in ea c h by F B A RNA RD 2 28 . ea c h . . .

D ic k W h itt in gt o n , A M o de rn J
B y a m es Pru ne. I n One V o l , 68 .
. .

D o g , I llu s t ra t e d B o o k o f t h e B y Va a o S H A W , B .A. With 28 Co lo u re d

.

Pla tes. Clo t h bev e lled, 35s ha lf m o roc c o , 458 .

. -

D o m es t ic D ic t io n a ry , T h e . I llu s t ra t ed. C lo t h , 7 0 . 6d.

D o re B ib le , T h e . W ith 200 Fu ll p a ge I llu s t ra t io ns by D e a d
-
1 5s . .

D o re G a llery , T h e . Wit h 2 50 I llu s tra t ions b y D o na 4to , 423 . .

D o re s D a nt e s I nfe rn o . I llu st ra t ed by G u s t a v z D o na. Wi th I ntro

’ ’ '

J U
du c t io n by A. . B T LER. Clo t h g ilt o r bu c kram , 7 s . 6d.
D o ré s M ilt o n s Pa ra dis e L o s t . I llu s tra t ed by D o ns. 4to , a re .
’ ’

D r. D u m aa y e W ife A N o v el. B y M a v a u s J 61ra 1. os .

’
.

D u lc e D o m u m . Rh y m es a n d S o n s fo r C h ildre n
g Edit e d b y . OH N J
Pa nam a A u t ho r o f G a udea m u s , &c . O ld N o ta t io n a nd Wo rds . 59 .
’

, “
N .B . h e w o rds o f t he S o ng s in D u lc e D o m u rn (w it h t h e A irs bo t h
in T o ni c S o l fa an d O ld N o ta tio n ) c a n be h a d in T w o Pa rt s, 6d ea c h .
-
.

E a rt h O u r, a n d it s S t o ry . B y D r Ro a nn r B no w r . r, E .L S
'
W ith . .

C olo u red Pla t es a n d nu m ero u s W oo d E ngra v ings. T hree Vo ls 9s . .

E din b u rgh , O ld a n d N ew . W it h 600 I llustra tio ns . T hree Vo ls. gs ea c h . .

: D es c ri t v e , H is t o ric a l, a n d Pic t u re s q u e . By Pro f G E a s es .

t pi . .

1t h 800 O rtgrna l E ngra v ings Pop u la r E di t io n I n T wo Vo ls . 428 .

. .

E le c t ric it y in t h e S e rv ic e o f M a n . I llus t ra ted. 9s .

E lec t ric it y , Pra c t ic a l. B y Pro f. W E A u ro r . . a . 7 0 . 6d.

E nc y c lo p e dic D ic t io n a ry , T h e . I n Fo u rt ee n D iv isio na l Vo ls , res . 6d .

ea c h ; o r S e v en Vo ls , ha lf m o ro c c o , a re . ea c h ; ha lf r
.
-
u ssia , a5s . -

E n la n d, C as s ell s I llu s t ra t e d H is t o ry o f. Wi th a , 000 I llu s t ra t io ns .

’

errVols., 4t o , gs . eac h . R ev ised E di t ion V o ls . 1 t o VI 9 s . ea c h .

-

. . .

E n glis h D ic t io n a C a s s e ll s . G ivin
’
de finitio ns o f m 0 t h a ll
?P
Wo rds a n brases. C lo th, 7 8 . Ch e ) Editio n . 6d. .
“

52
E n glis h H is t o ry , T h e D ic t io na ry o f. Chen) E di tio n. roe . 6d.
E n glis h L it e ra t u re D ic t io n a ry o f. B W . D a va n ro a r A '

‘
E n lis h L it era t u re , L ib ra y o f.
t n Fiv e Vo ls ., 7 s . 6d . ea r
-

t . h
B y Pro f. H a n nv M a n ny . “m p h “
E nglis h L it e ra t u re , M o rle y s Firs t S k e t c h o f R ev ised E dit io n . 7 3 . 6d.
’
’
.

E nglis h L it e ra t u re , T h e S t o ry o f B y A N N A B C L A N D . 3 8 6d.
. U K .

E n glis h W rit e rs . B y Pro f. H E N R M O RL E Y

Vo ls. I . t o I X Y
58 . ea c h . . .

E s o p s Fa b les . I llu stra t ed by E RN E S T G nrs a r C lo th , 3 8 . 6d.

’ '
.

E t iq u et t e o f G o o d S o c iety . rs . ; c lo t h , rs . 6d.
E u ro p e , C a s s e ll s Po c k et G u ide t o
’
Edit io n fo r 1 89 3 L ea t h e r, 68 .
. .

Fa irw a y I s la n d . B y H O RA C E H T C H I N S O N . Wit h 4 Fu ll pa ge Pla t es 58

U -
. .

Fa it h D o c t o r, Th e . A N o v el B y D r. E D WA RD Ec . ES T O N 63 . .

Fa m ily Ph y s ic ia n , T h e . B E m in ent PH S I C I A N S a nd S RG EO N S. Y U
New a n d R ev ised C
lo t h , ars . Ro x bu rgh , 258 .
Fa t h e r S t a ffo rd. A N o v e l B y A N T HO N H O E. 68 .. Y P
Fie ld N a t u ra lis t s H a n dbo o k , T h e . B y t h e Re v s.
’
G . W O O D and J .

T H EO D O RE W O O D C[rea p E dit ion. 2 8 6d .

. .

Figu ie r s Po p u la r S c ient ifi c W o rk s
’
W it h S e v e ra l H u ndre d I llu st ra
.

t io n s in ea c h . N ew ly Re v ise d a n d C o rre c t ed. 3 8 . 6d. ea c h .

U
T H E H M A N RA C E . M A MMA LI A I O CE A N W O RLD . .

T H E I N S E CT W O R L D R E P T I L E S A N D E 1RD S
. .

W O RL D BE FO RE T H E D E L U G E. T H E VE G ET A B L E W O RL D .

Flo ra s Fea s t . A M asq u e o f Flo w ers. Pe nned a nd Pic t u re d b y W A L T E R

’

C RA NE . W it h 40 Pa ge s in Co lo u rs . 58 .
o o t b a ll , T h e R u gb y U n io n G a m e E dit ed by R Ev . F M A RS H A L L .
. .

I llu s trat e d .
7 8 . 6d .

ra c e r, J oh n D ru m m o n d. B y PH I L A LE T HE S . A S to ry o f es uit J
I nt rigu e in t he Ch u rc h o f E ngland. 58 .
G a rde n Flo w e rs , Fa m ilia r. B y S n rRL E v H 1B B E RD . W ith Co lo u red
Pla t es by F E H U L M E , F L S . C o m p let e in Fiv e S eries . ras . 6d ea c h
. . . . . .

G a rden in g , C a s s e ll s Po p u la r. I llu s tra t ed Fo u r Vo ls. 58 . e a c h.

’
.

G eo rge S a x o n , T h e R e u t a t io n o f B y M o RL E v ROB E RTS .

58 . .

G ilb e rt , E liz a b e t h , a n h er W o rk fo r t h e B lin d. B y FRA N

M A RT rN . as . 6d .
G le a n in gs fro m Po p u la r A u t h o rs . T w o Vo ls W ith Origina l I llu s .

t ra t io ns. 4 to , eac h T w o Vo ls. in O ne , I s .

.

G u lliv e r s T ra v e 8 . With 88 E ngra vings by

’
O RT E N. Ch m; E dition .
Clo th 38 . 6d. c lo t h gilt , 58 .
G u n a n d i t s D e v e lo m e n t , T h e . B y W . W . G REE N E R. Wit h 500
I llu st ra tio ns. r08 . d .
H ea lt h a t S c h o o l. B y C L E M E N T D K ES , M D , 7 8 . 6d. U . .

H ea v e n s , T h e S t o ry o f t h e B y S ir RO B E RT S T A W E L L B A L L , L L. D ,
. .

W it h Co lo u red Pla t e s. Pop u la r E d i t io n raa . 6d. .

H e ro es o f B ri t a i n i n Pea c e a n d W a r. W 1t h 3 00 O rigina l I llu s

.

t ra t 10ns. Cir c a ; E dit ion T w o Vo ls. , 3 8 . 6d . ea c h ; o r T w o Vo ls. in

.

One , c lo t h g1lt , 7 8 6d . .

H ir R “
ad
l
o f
’
s e ligi o n ; o r, t h e S h o e m a k e r b y t h e G ra c e o f
o 28 .

H is t o ry , A Fo o t n o t e t o . E i h t Yea rs o f T ro u ble in S a m oa By
g
-

RO B E RT Lo u rs S T E E N S O N V .
.

H i s t o ri c H o u s e s o f t h e U n it e d Kin gdo m Pro fu se ly I llus tra t ed 1 0s. 6d. . .

H o rs de C o m b a t ; o r, T h ree W e e k s in a H o s p it a l. Fo u nded
Fa c t s By G E RT R D E
. U
E T H EL A Rm T A c E S O T H A M I llu st ra t ed. 58 . U .

H o rs e , T h e B o o k o f t h e B y S A M E L S t D N Ev . W 1th 2 8 Fa c s im ile
. U -

Co lo ured Pla tes. E n la rg ed E dit ion . D em , t o , ss h a lf m o r

dF
-

H o u g h t o n , L o rd : T h e L ife , L ett e rs , a n rie ri ds h i of

M o n c kt o n M iln es , Firs t L o rd H o u gh t o n .
Ra i n I n Tw o V o ls , with T wo Po rt ra it s. 3 2 8
y T . W E M SS Y
. . .

H o u s eh o ld, C a s s e ll s B o o k o f t h e
’
Co m plete in Fo ur Vo ls . .

Fo u r Vo ls 1n T wo ha lf m o roc c o , 258 .
.

y gien e a n d Pu b lic Hea lt h . By B . ART n u R W n t T n a c c t , t h

 S elec t ions f rom Ca ss ell 4 Co m pa ny
“ ’
s Pu blic a tions .

I n dia C a s s e ll s H is t o ry
,
’
By A M E S G RA N T . W it h a bo u t 400 J
I llus tra t io ns T W O Vo ls ., 98 ea c h
. O ne V O L, 3 53 . . .

I n do o r A m us e m e nt s , C a rd G a m es , a nd Fires ide Fu n , C a s s ell s

'
-

B o o k o f. Ch m ; E ditio n as . .

I n t o t h e U n k n o w n : A Ro m a nc e o f S o u t h A fric a
'

B y L A W RE N C E .

FL E T C H E R 48 . .

a nd o t h e r W in te r s T a les
“
I S a w T h re e S h ip s ,
D ea d M a n s Roc k , & c
’ "
6s
’
By ,
A u th o r o f
. .
.
Q
I s la n d N igh t s E n t e rt a in m e n t s . B y R. L S T E E NS O N I llu s t ra t e d, 6s .
’
. V .

I t a ly fro m t h e Fa ll O f N a p o le o n I . in 1 8 1 5 t o 1 890. By J . W PRO B Y N

. .

N ew a n d Ckee per E dit io n 3 8 . 6d. .

J oy a nd H e a lt h . B y M A RT E L L xU s .
3 s. 6d. Edition de L u x e, 7 s . 6d.
K en n el G u ide , T h e Pra c t ic a l B y D r G O RD O N S T A B L Es rs . . . .

Kh iv a , A R ide t o . B y C o l FRE D B RN A B xs 6d . . U Y . . .

L a B e lla , a n d O t h ers B eing C erta in S to ries Re c o lle c t ed by Ege rt o n

.
"
Ca s t le, A u t h o r o f C o ns eq u en c es . 68 .
L a die8 Ph y s ic ia n , T h e . B y a Lo ndo n Ph y s ic ia n
’
6s . .

L a d s D res s in g ro o m , T h e T ra ns la t e d fro m t h e Fre nc h o f B A RO N Es s

'
-
.

T A FFE by L A D Y
C o L t N C A M B E LL . as 6d. P .

L e o n a . B y M rs M O L E S W O R T H . 68 . .

L et t a s D ia rie s a n d o t h e r T im e s a v in g Pu blic a t io n s p u blis h ed

’
-

e x c lu s iv e ly by C A S S E L L 8: C O M A N . ( A li s t f ree o n a ffilic a t ion ) P Y .

L it t le M in is t e r, T h e . B y M B A R Ri E O ne V o l. 6s J . . . .

L o c o m o t iv e E ngin e , T h e B io gra p h y o f a . B y H E N R Fa rm 58 . Y .

L o ft u s , L o rd A u g u s t u s , T h e D ip lo m a t ic R em in is c e n c e s o f, 1 8 3 7
1 862 . W it h Po rt ra it. T w o Vo ls , 3 as . .

L o n do n , G re a t er B y E D W A RD W A L FO RD .
. T wo Vo ls W it h a bo u t .

400 I llus t ra tio ns 9 8 ea c h. . .

L o n do n , O ld a n d N ew S ix Vo ls , ea c h c o nt a in ing a bo u t ao o
. .

I llus t ra t io ns a nd M a p s. C lo t h , gs . e a c h .

L o n do n S t re e t A ra b s B y M rs H M S T A N L E . I llu s t ra ted, 5s .
. . . . Y
M a t h e w , Fa t h e r, H is L ife a n d T im e s . B y F M A T HE W a s . 6d .
J . . .

M e dic in e L a dy , T h e . B y L T M E A D E I n O ne VOl , 68 . . . . .

M edic ine , M a n u a ls fo r S t u de n t s o f. (A L is t f o rw a m ed po s t f ree )

'
.

M o de rn E u ro p e , A H is t o ry o f. B y C . A F FFE , M A. Co m p le t e in . Y .

T hree V o ls. , w it h full p a ge I llu s t ra t io n s , 7 s 6d. ea c h.

-
.

M o u n t D e s o la t io n . A n A u s t ra lia n Ro m a nc e B y W C A RL T O N D A W E . se . . .

M u s ic I llu s t ra t e d H is t o ry
, B y E M I L N A M A N N. E dit ed by t h e U
Re v . Sir F. A . G O RE O U S EL E Y , B a rt . I llu s t ra t ed. T w o Vo ls 3 rs . 6d. .

M u s iCa l a nd C o p y righ t , T h e L a w o f
D ra m a t ic B E D W A RD
U
C T L E R, T H O M A S E U S T A C E S M t T N , a n d FRE D E Rt C E . E A T N E RL Y ,
B a rriste rs a t La w
-
3 8 6d .
-
. .

N a p ie r, L ife a n d L e t t e rs o f t h e Rt . H o n S i rJ o s e p h , B a rt L L D , . . .

& c . B y A . C E WA L D , F S .A . N ew a nd R ev ised E dit io n 7 s . 6d . . .

N a t io n a l L ib ra ry , C a s s e ll s . I n Vo lu m es . Pa pe r c o v ers , 3 d. ;
’
c lo t h ,
6d. (A Co m plete L is t of the Vo lu m es po st / i c e on app lic a t ion ) .

N a t u ra l H is t o r C a s s ell s B y E PE RCE Y A L W RI G H T ,
’
C o n c is e .
y
, .

M A ., M D .,
. . . L .S Wi t h
. se v era l H u ndred I llus tra t io ns. 7 8 . 6d.
N a t u ra l H is t o C a s s e ll s N e w . Edited by Pro f. P M A RT t N
g
, .

D U NCA N , M . F R S F.G .S . Co m p lete in S ix Vo ls. With a bo u t

. .

I llustra t io ns. C lo t h. 9s . ea c h.
 Pu blic a tions
'

S elec t ions f rom Ca s sell g Com pa ny s .

N a t ure s W o n de r W o rk e rs . B y KA T E R L O Y E L L . I llu stra ted. 3 8 6d

’
. . .

N u rs in fo r t h e H o m e a n d fo r t h e H o s p it a l, A H a n db o o k o i.
g
B L A T H E Ri N E . WOO D
N u ra m
y J . Clam p E dit i o n
o f S ic k C h ildre n , A H a n db o o k fo r t h e
1 8 6d. . c lo t h , a s . .

B y CA T H E RI N E .

J . OO D . as . 6d.
O D ris c o ll s W eird, a nd o th e r S t o ri e s . B y A . W E RN ER. 58 .
’ ’

O dy s s e T h e M o de rn c r, U ly s s e s u p t o D a t e . C lo t h gilt , 1 08 . 6d .
O h io , h e N e w . A S t o ry O f Ea s t a n d W es t. B y E D W A RD E E RE TT V
H A LE . 6s .
O il Pa in t in g , A M a n u a l o f. B y t h e H o n J
O H N CO L L i E R.
. as . 6d.
O rc h id H u n t e r, T ra v e ls a n d A dv e n t u re s o f a n . B y A L B E RT
M i L L i C A N . Fu lly I llu s t ra t e d i as 6d .
. .

O u r O w n C o u nt ry . S ix Vo ls . W it h I llus tra t i o ns. 7 8 . 6d. ea c h .

O u t o f t h e a w e of D e a t h . B FRA N K
B A RRE T T . I n One Vo l , 63 . .

Pa in t i n g , h e E n glis h S c h o o o f C hea p E di tio n. 3 8 . 6d.

.

Pa in t in g , Pra c t ic a l G u ide s t o . W i t h C o lo u red Pla t es

M A Ri N E PA i NT i NG. 58 . T RE E PA i s T i N G . 58 .

K
A T E R CO I PU R PA I N T I NG . 58 .
AN I M A L PA I N T I N G
'

E U T RM ‘ IT "
. .
'
” 7 5
C H i N A PA i N T i N G . 5s .
°

S E Pi A , in T W O Vo ls., 3 8 . eac h o r
Fi G U RE PA i N T i N G . 7 s . 6d. in o ne Vo l , 3 . ,

E L EM E N T A R Y FLOWE R PA i N T FLO W E RS , A N D O W TO PA r NT
mm . 3 8 . T H E M . 58 .
Pe o le s o f t h e W o rld, T h e . I n S ix V o ls. By D r. RO BE RT B ROWN.
llu s t ra t ed. 7 s . 6d. ea c h .
. Y
Pc rfe c t G e n t le m a n , T h e . B y t h e Re v . A S M T H E PA L M E R, D .D . ss .6d. -

Ph illip s , W a tt s , A rt is t a n d Pla y w righ t . By M is s E . WA TT s

PH i L L i Ps . W ith 3 2 Pla t es . 1 05. 6d .

Ph o t o gra p h y fo r A m a t e u rs . B y T . C H E W ORT H. E nla rg ed a nd

. P
R ev is ed Edit io n. I llus t ra t e d. I S . ; o r c lo t h , 1 8 . 6d.
Ph ra s e a n d Fa b le , D ic t io n a ry o f. B y t h e Rev . D r. B RE WE R .

E dit io n , E n la rged, c lo t h , 3 8 6d . .o r W it h lea t h e r ba c k , 48 . 6d.

Ph y s io lo y fo r S t u de n t s , E le m e n t a ry . B y A . T S C H O FI E L D M . D , . .

M R . .S &c . I llustra ted. y a . 6d .

.

Pic t u re s q u e A m eric a . Co m p le t e in Fo u r Vo ls., with 48 E x q u is u e S tee l

Pla t e s a nd a bo u t 80 0 Origina l W o o d E ngra v i ngs. £ 2 2 8 . ea c h .
Pic t ti re q u e C a n a da . W it h 600 O rigina l I llu s tra tions. T wo Vo ls. £ 6 68 .
g
tll e e t .
Pic t u re s q u e E u ro p e . Co m p le te in Fiv e Vo ls. Eac h c o n ta ining
.

13 E x u isite S teel Pla tes , fro m O rigin a l D ra w ings, a nd nea rly 2 00

Origina I llus t ra t io ns. C lo th , ga r; ha lf m o roc c o , 3 1 t o s . ; m o roc c o
-

gilt , £ 5a xos . PU
PO L A R E D i T iO N. I n Fiv e Vo ls., 1 8 . ea c h.
Pic t u re s q u e M e dit erra n ea n , T h e . W it h M a gnific ent O rigina l I llus t ra t io ns
by t he lea ding A rt is t s o f th e D a y C o m p le t e in T W O Vo ls . £ 2 as . ea c h .
.

Pige o n K ee p e r, T h e Pra c t ic a l. B y L E W i s W RiG H T . I llustra t ed. as . 6d.

U
Pigeo n s , T h e B o o k o f. By RO B E RT F L T O N . E dit e d a nd A rra nged by
L . W RI G HT . W ith 50 C o lo u red Pla t e s , 3 1 8 . 6d. h a lf m o roc c o , £ 2 -

Pity a n d o f D e a t h , T h e B o o k o f. B y Pi E RRE LOT I . T ra nsla ted by

T . P. O CO N N OR, M .P. 5s .
’

Pla y t h in gs a n d Pa ro dies . S h o rt S t o ries by B A RR PA i N. 5s . Y

Po e m s , A u b rey de V e re s . A S ele c tio n E dit ed by . D E NN is . 3 8 . 6d.
’
.
J
Po e t ry , T h e N a t u re a nd E le m en t s o f B y E . C . S T E D M A N. 63 .
.

Po et s , C a s s e ll s M in ia t u re L ib ra ry o f t h e . Pric e 1 8 . ea c h Vo l.
’

Po rt ra it G a lle T h e C a bin et . Firs t , S ec o nd, a nd Third Series, ea c h c o n

ne t Ph o t o g ra ph s o f E m inen t M en a nd Wo m en. W
i
ta n in g 6
.
bi ith
g p i c a l S ketc h es . 1 58 . ea c h .
I ilio ra
 Pu blic a t ion s
’
S elec t ions f ro m Ca ssell g Co m pa ny s .

Po u lt ry K e e p e r, T h e Pra c t ic a l B y L W RI G H T I llu s t ra t e d 3 8 6d.

. . . . .

Po u lt ry , T h e B o o k o f B y L E W I S W RI G H T Popu la r E dit io n
. t o s 6d. . . .

Po u lt T h e I llu s t ra t e d B o o k o f. B L E W I S W RI G H T W it h Fifty .

C o o u red Pla t e s N ew a nd Rev is ed E itt o n

. C lo t h , 3 x8 6d. . .

Qu e e n S u m m e r ; o r, T h e T o u rney of t h e L il a nd t h e Ro s e W it h Fo rty .

Pa ges o f D es igns in Co lo urs by W A LT E R RA N E 6s . .

Qu e e n V ic t o ria , T h e L ife a n d T im e s o f. B
y R O BE RT W I LS O N C om .

W it h
“

p let e in T W O V o ls . nu m ero us I llu s t ra t i o ns . 98 ea c h .

.

R a bb it Keep e r, T h e
-
Pra c t ic a l.
By C U N I C L U S 3 3 . 6d. U . I llu s t ra t ed.
R a ffl e s H a w , T h e D o in gs o f. B y A . CO N A N D O LE 58 . Y .

R a ilw a y G u ide s , O ffi c ia l I llu s t ra t e d. W it h I llu s t ra t io ns , M a p s , &c .

Pric e I s ea c h ; o r in c lo t h, 2 8 . ea c h
. .

G RE A T E A S T E R N RA I L W A Y
G RE A T W E S T E RN RA I L W A .
. Y
G RE A T N O RT H E RN RA I L W A Y . LO N D O N A ND S O T H WES T E RN U -

LO N D O N , B RI G H T O N A N D S O T H RA I L W A Y . U
CO A S T RA I L W A Y
M I D L A N D RA I L W A
.
Y
L O N D ON A N D N ORT H W ES T E RN
.

U Y
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RA I L W A . Y S O T H E A S T E RN R A I L WA . -

R o v in gs o f a R es t le s s B o y , T h e . B y K A T H A R I N E B FOO T . I llus .

t ra t ed. 8 .
R a ilw a y L i ra ry , C a s s e ll s . C ro w n sv o , bo a rds , as ea c h .
’
.

M E T Z E R O TT . S H O H M A H E R B y KA T H T H E PH A NTO M C I T Y B y W W ES T A L L .
A RI N E P W O O D S
V
DA I D TODD
.

B y D A I D M A C L U R E.
. AC
V Y
.

G O RD O N . KN I G HT E R R A NT . J K
G O T HA M , i 88 3 . By B A RC L A
. .

Y
T O W N. B y Q .
.

T H E A S TO N I S H I NG H I S T O R O F T R O Y N O RT H .
T H E D I A M ON D B U T TO N. B y BA R C LA Y
T H E A D M I R A B I B L A D B I D D FA N E.
K
B y FR A N B A R RE T T .
. Y Y N O RT H .
A NO T H E R S C R I M E. B y U L I A N H A W
'
J
F E N N.
J
C O M M O D O R E L N K. By G . M A N I L L E V T H O RN E .
T H E Y O K E O F T H E T HO RA H . By
S T . C U T H B E R T S T O W E R. B y FL O R
'
. S I D N E Y L U S KA .
E NC E W A R D E N . W H O I S J O H N N O M A N ! B y C H A R L ES
T H E M A N W I T H A T H M B. B y B A R U H E N RY B E C R E I T .

BY
C LAY N O RT H .
RI G HT NOT L AW. By R. M A R I HA L . M O O D E Y.
'
Y
T H E T R A G E D O F B R I N K W A TB R . B y

S H E RA R D . A N A M E R I C A N PE N M A N . B y U L I AN J
W I T H I N S O U N D O F T H E W E I R. By H A W T H O RN E .
T H O M A S S T . E . H A R E. S E C T I O N 658 ; o r. T H E FA T A L L E TT E R .
U N D E R A S T R A N G E M A S . B y FRA N K
B A RR E T T .
K B y J U L I A N H A W T HO RN E .
T H E B RO W N S TO N E B O Y By W . H.
T H E C O O M B S B E RRO W M YS T E R . B y
J A M E S CO LW A L L .
Y A
B I S HO .
T RA G I C
P
M YS T E R . By J U L I A N Y
D E A D M A N S RO C . B y .
'

A Q U E E R RA C E. B y
K
E ST AL L . g
W ‘
H A W I H O RN E.
’

T H E G R E A T B A N K RO B B E R . By Y
P J
.

C A T A I N T R A FA L G A R. B y W E S T A L L U L I A N H A W TH O R N E .
and L A U R I E .

R e dgra v e , R ic h a rd, C B . , R A M em o ir C o m p iled fro m his D ia ry .

. . . .

B y F M RE DG RA v E . t o s 6d .
. . .

Riv e rs o f G rea t B rit a in : D e sc rip t iv e H is to ric a l, Pic t o ria l .

Y V
T H E R O A L R I E R : Th e T h a m e s , fro m S o u rc e t o S ea Pop u la r
,

E ditio n x68 . ,

RI VE RS O F T H E E A S T CO A S T W it h h igh ly fin ish ed E ngra v ings .

.

Popu la r E dit io n , 1 68 .
R o b in s o n C ru s o e , C a s s e ll s N ew Fin e A rt E dit io n o f.
’
W it h -

u p w a rds o f t o o O ri ina l I llu s t ra t io ns. 7 8 . 6d .

R o m a n c e , T h e W a r d o f. I llu s t ra t e d C lo t h , gs . .

Ru s s o T u rkish W a r, C a s s e ll s H is t o ry o f. Wit h a bo u t 500 I llus

’
-

t ra t io n s. T W O Vo ls gs ea c h . . .

S a lis b u ry Pa rlia m e n t , A D ia ry o f t h e B y H W L U C . I llu s tra t e d . . . Y

b y H A RR F RN I SS Y U 21 s . .

J
S a t u rda y o u rn a l, C a s s e ll s
’
Y ea rly Vo lu m e , c lo t h 8 6d .
,
. .

S c a ra b e u s T h e S t o r o f a n A fric a n B e e t le
. B y t he A RQ UI S E C LA RA .

L A N z A a nd A M ES J
L A RE N C E H A R E C lo t h , 55. VY .
 Pu blic a t io ns
'

S elec t io n s f ro m Ca ssell g Com pa ny s .

S c ien c fo r A ll. E dite d b y D r RO B E RT B RO W N

e . R ev ised E dition . .

I llu s t ra te d Fiv e V o ls gs e a c h
. . . .

S c ie n c e , T h e Y e a r B o o k o f E di t e d by Pro f B O N N E , F R.S . 7 s . 6d.

. . Y .

S c u lp t u re , A Prim e ro f B E R O S LO E M U L L I N S W i t h i llu s t ra t io ns 28 6d.

. . . . .

S e a , T h e : I t s S t irrin g t o ry o f A dv e n t u re , Pe ril, a n d H e ro is m .
Y
B y F. W H M P E R. W it h 400 I llu s t ra t i o n s. Fo u r Vo ls. 7 s . 6d. ea c h.
S h a do w o f a S o n , T h e A N o vel B y C E C I L H A RL E 5s Y
g
. . . .

S h a ft e s b u T h e e v e n t h E a rl O f, K .G T h e L ife a n d W o rk Of. B y
E W R C i E d l i l tv l 8 . 6d .
D I N O D D E r c a ) .
3 .
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S h a k e s p e a re , T h e Pla s o f E dite d by Pro fess o r H E N R M O RLE Y Y
y
. .

C o m p le t e in T h irt e e n O ls , c lo t h a xs h a lf m o ro c c o , c lo t h s ides , 28
. .
-
.

S h a k e s p e a re , C a s s e ll s
’
Q
u a rt o E dit io n
,

C o nt a ining a bo u t 600 I lu s .

t ra t io n s by H C S E L O S . U
C o m p le t e in T h ree V o ls , c lo t h gilt , £ 3 3 8 .
. .

S h a k e s p e a re , M in i a t u re I llu s t ra te d . I n T w e lv e Vo ls , in bo x , m m ;. .

o r in Red Pa s t e G ra in (bo x t o m a t c h ) w it h s p rin g c a t c h , a xs . ,

S h a k s p e re , T h e I n t e rn a t io n a l. Edi t i o n de L u x e .

KI N G H E N RY VI I I .
”
I llu s t ra t ed b y S I R A M E S L I N T O N , F. R.I . J
(Pric e o n a il/ 11 m t io n ) .

“
I llu s t ra t e d by FRA N K D I C K S E E , R A. £ 3 t o s .
”
O T H E LLO . .

KI N G H EN RY I V I llu s t ra t e d by E D A RD G RU T Z N E R. £ 3 1 08 U
A S Y OU L I KE I T I llu s t ra t e d by EM I L E B A A RI ). £ 3 xo s
. Y .

“
RO M EO A N D U L I ET J I llus t ra t e d by F. D I C K S E E , R A I s no w
. . .

o u t O f p rin t , a n d s c a rc e .
S h a k s p e re , T h e L e o p o ld. W it h 400 I llu s t ra t io ns Cit ea / E dition. .

3 8 . 6d C lo t h gilt , gilt edge s 58 . Ro x b u rgh , 7 s . 6d.

.
,

S h a k s p e re , T h e R o y a l. W it h S t ee l Pla tes a nd W o o d E ngra v m gs. _

Th re e Vo ls . I 8 . ea c h .

S k et c h e s T h e , rt O f M a k in g a n d U s in g Fro m t h e Fre nc h o f .

G Fl . B v C L A RA B E L I W it h 50 I i lu s t ra t io ns 2 8 . 6d . .

S m u gg lin g D a 8 a n d S m u gg lin g W a y s ; o r, T h e S t o o f a L o st
A rt . By o m m a n de r t h e H o n HENR N S H O RE , . N. W it h Y . .

n u m e ro u s Pla ns a n d D r a w in gs b t h e A u t h o r. 7 8 6d . .

S n a re o f t h e Fo w le r, T h e B y I rs A L E X A N D E R
. I n O ne Vo l , 6s
. . . .

S o c ia l W e lfa re , S u b i ec t s O f B y S i r L Y O N PL A Y FA I R, K C B 7 8 . 6d.
. . .

S p o rt s a n d Pa s t im e s , C a s s e ll s C o m p le t e B o o k o f. Chea p E dit io n.
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T h e A n ti c O liv e r. T w i s t . T h e H o u r a n d t h e M a n.
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W u th ering H eig h t s o rk s . L a s t o f t h e M o h ie s ns.
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K e n il w o rt h . M a rt in C h u z z le w n W a s h in g t o n I rv i n g s’

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T o w e r 0 L o n o n. T h e Pri n c e O f t h e T h e T a lis m a n .

T h e Pi o n e ers .
C h a rle s O ’ M a lle y .
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C a k e s a n d A le .
H o u s e o f D a v i d.
S h e ri d a n s Pi c 8 .
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Th e 8 Ow n . R o m e a n d t h e E arly A m eric a n H u m o u r.
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S t o re h o u s e o f e n c ra i I n fo rm a t i o n , C a s s e ll s . W it h W o o d E ngra v
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S t o ry o f Fra n c is C lu dde , T h e . B y S T A N LE . WE MAN Gs . YJ Y .

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Co lo u red Pla t es in ea c h. xas . 6d. ea c h .
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S erie s. W it h 40 Co lo u red Pla t es in e a c h. 1 2 s . 6d. eac h.

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W o rld O f W it a n d u m o n t , T h e . W it h 400 I llu stra tio ns. 7 s 6d. .

W o rld o f W o n ders . T w o Vo ls W ith 400 I llu stra t io ns. 7 s . 6d . eac h

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Z ero , t h e S la v er : A Ro m a nc e o f E q u a t o ria l A fric a . B y L A W RE N C E

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CAS S E L L C O M PA N Y , LI M I T E D, L a den“H ill L ondo n , .

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S elec tions f rom Cassell 43 Com pa ny s

fl ih lt s att il Religiou s M a rks .

B ible , C a s s e ll s I llu s t ra t e d Fa m ily .

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W ith 900 I llu stra t io ns. Le a th er.
g ilt edges, £ 2 i os .
B ib le E du c a t o r, T h e . Edit ed by t h e V ery R ev . D ea n PL U M PT RE , D D ., .

W it h I llu s t ra t io ns , M a ps , &c . Fo ur Vo ls , c lo t h , 69 ea c h. . .

B ib le S t u de n t in t h e B rit is h M u s e u m , T h e . B y t he Rev . . G. J
KI T C I I I N , M .A. N ew a nd R ev is ed E di t ion. I s . 4d.
B ible w o m e n a n d N u rs es . Y early V o lu m e I llu s trat ed 3 s . . .

B u n y a n s Pilgrim s Pro gres s . I llus tra t ed th ro u gh o u t. Clo th , 3 3 . 6d.

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c lo t h gilt , gi lt edges, 5s .

C h ild s B ib le , T h e . W it h 200 I llus tra t io ns i so tlt Th o m a n d 7 s . 6d.

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. .

C h ild s L ife o f C h ris t , T h e . W ith 2 00 I llu s t ra t io ns . 7 s . 6d.

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C o n n es t s o f t h e C ro s s . W i th nu m e ro u s I llu st ra t io ns. Co m ple t e in

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bes t m oroc c o , gilt e dges, £ 1 5. Popu la r E dit ion . W ith 2 00 I llu s
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Fa m i Pra y e r B oo k , T h e . E dited by Rev . Ca no n G A R B ET T . M A.,

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V E RN O N , M .A I llus tra t ed. 6s .
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M Y A S PI RA T I O NS . By the Rev . G .
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M A T E ES O N, D D .
a “v “, Re" D e“ Ro n a
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M Y E M OT I O NA L L I FE . By th e Rev .
Pre h C H A D W I C , D .D
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B L A I KI B . .D . o f W es le y an M issio nary S o c ie t y .

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to A S eries o f H elp fu l M a nua ls o n t h e Re li io us
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L o rd Bish o p o f Ca rlisle. M a itla nd, M .A.
T HE D I I N I T V Y
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th e L o rd Bis h o p o f B er .
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T H E M O R AL I T 0? T H E L D T E S TA T H E A TO N E M E NT . B y Willia m C o nno r
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Rev. Ne wm a n M a ee , D .O ., L a te A rc h b ish o p o f
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1 01 L a nd a nd t h e B ib le , T h e . B y t h e Rev . C. G E I R I E, D .D L L D . .

T wo Vo ls. 248 . I llu s t ra ted E dit ion, One Vo l., 2 1 8 .

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L ec t u re s o n C h ris t ia n it y a n d S o c ia lis m . B y th e R igh t R e v A L PRE D .

B A RR , D .D Y C lo t h , 3 s 6d. . .

L ife o f C h ris t , T h e . B y t he Ve n Arc hdea c o n FA RRA R, D D , F. R S . . . . .

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L I B RA R E D I T I O N T w o V o ls . Clo t h , 24s . ; m o roc c o , 42 s .
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PO L A R E D I T I O N , i n O ne Vo l , 8 v o , c lo t h , 6s . ; c lo t h , .

gilt edges , 7 8 . 6d Pe rs ia n m o roc c o , gilt e dge s , I o s . 6d t ree c a lf, I ss . . -

M a rria ge R in g , T h e . B y W I L L I A M L A N D E LS , D D . N ew a nd .

Chea per E di t io n . 3 8 . 6d .
M o rn ing E v e n in
a nd Pra y e rs fo r W o rk h ou ses a nd o t h er I ns tit u t io ns .
S e lec t ed by L O I S A w I N I N G . as . U
M o s e s a n d G e o lo gy ; o r, T h e H a rm o n y o f t h e B ib le w it h S c ie n c e.
B y t h e Rev . S A M E L KI N N S , Ph .D U I llu st ra t ed. N ew
E di t ion o n La rger a nd S u pe rio r Pa p e r. 8 s . 6d.
M y C o m fo rt in S o rro w . U
B y H G H M A C M I LL A N , D D . I s. .

N e w L igh t o n t h e B ible a n d t h e H o ly L a n d.
EV ET T s, By B . T . A .

M A . I llu s tra t e d a m
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T h e Fo u r .
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re m a ining B o o k s o f t h e N e w T e s ta m e nt .

N ew T es t a m en t C o m m e n t a r . E dit ed by Bish o E L L I CO T T H a ndy

y
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V o lu m e E dit i o n S t M a t t e w , 3 s . 6d. S t
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3 3 . 6d . S L J Oh n, 3 s . 6d T h e A c t s o f t h e A p o s t le s , 3 3 6d. Ro m a ns, . .

G a la t ian s , E ph es ia ns, a nd Ph ilip

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ia ns , 3 8 C o lo s s m ns , Th essa lo n ia ns, a nd T i m o t h y , 3 s
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h ile m pn, H e bre w s, a nd a m e s, 38 . Pe t e r, u de, a n d J o h n, 3 s . J J

T h e Re v e la t io n, 3 3 . A n I n t ro du c t io n t o th e N e w T e st a m e nt , 3 3 6d. .

O ld T es t a m e n t C o m m e n t a ry fo r E n glis h Re a de rs , T h e . Edited
by t h e Ri h t Re v C
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. . . . J .

O ld T es t a m e n t C o m m e n t a ry . E dit ed b B ish o p E L L I CO T T H a ndy .

V o lu m e Edit io n G e n es is . 3 s 6d .
. x odu s , se . L e v it ic u s , 3 s .
.

N u m bers , as 6d D eu t e ro n o m y , as . 6d
. . .

Pro t es t a n t is m , T h e H is t o ry o f. B y t h e Re v A W L I E . L L.D .
J . . Y .

C o nta in in g u w a rds o f 6o o O rigina l I llu s t ra t io ns . Th re e V o ls 9s . ea c h .

p
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Q u iv e r Y e a rly l o lu m e , T h e . W it h a bo u t 600 Origina l I llus t ra t io ns.

s 6d.
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R e l g io n , T h e D ic t io n a ry o f! B y th e Rev W . B E N H A M , B .D . .

Ch a p E dit io n . I o s 6d . .

S t . G eo rge fo r E n gla n d a nd o th er S e rm o ns p rea c h ed t o C h ildre n By .

th e R e v . T . T E I G N M O U T I I S H O R M A , C a n o n o f W o rc e s t er. se . . .

S t . Pa u l, T h e L ife a n d W o rk 0 B y t h e V e n A rc h de a c o n FA RRA R, .

D D . Ch a p la in in Ordina ry t o t h e u ee n -
L I B RA R E D I T I O N.
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Q . Y
T w o Vo ls , c lo th , . c a lf, 4as . I L L S T RA T ED E D I T I O N , c o m p lete U
in O n e V o lu m e , w it h a bo u t 300 I llu s t ra t io ns , £ 1 I s . m o roc c o , £ 2 as .
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PO U L A R E D I T I O N O ne V o lu m e , 8 v o , c lo t h ,
. c lo t h , gilt e dges,
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R LE D D B is ho o f L iv e rp o o l. Cboa ; E dit i o n . Pa pe r c o v ers, 6d.
.

S ign s C hris t i . B y t e Re v A M E S A I T C I I I S O N . 59 . J
I t s O ri n , H i s t o ry , a n d Pre s e n t O b liga t io n .
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S u n da y , By t he
V en A rc h dea c o n ES S E D C L FI/ tb E dit io n Y s. 6d.
W
. . . . .

T w iligh t o f L ife , T h e o rds o f C o u n s e l a n d. o m fo rt fo r t h e

A ge d. B y t h e R e v O E N E L L E R T O N , M .A . . J I s . 6d.
 Giant s t iniial m anti S tu nt itts a nim als .
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A gric u lt u ra l T e x t B o o k s , C a s s e ll s . (T h e D o w nto n S erie s ) Edit ed
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by J
O H N W R I G H T S O N , Pro fe sso r o f A gric u lt u re
—
Fu lly I llu s t ra te d,
.
.

a s . 6d. ea c h F a r m C ro s . B y Pro f. W RlG H T S O N . S o ils a n d

M a n u res .—B y . M H . I U N RO , D S c (Lo ndo n ),
.

L iv e S t o c k —By Pro f. W RI G H T S O N.
J . . F.C.S . . .

A lp h a be t , C a s s e ll s Pic t o ria l. 3 s . 6d.

’

A rit h m e t ic s , T h e M o de rn S c h o o l. By G EO RG E R I C S , B. S c L ou d. K .

W it h T e st Ca rds. (L is t on a pp lic a t io n .)
A t la s , C a s s e ll s Po p u la r. Co nt a i ni ng a 4 C o lo ured M a p s . as . 6d .
’

B o o k Ke e p ing
-
B y T H E O D O RE O N ES
. J
Fo r S c h oo ls , as . ; c lo t h , so . .

Fo r th e M i llio n, as c lo t h , 3 s . . B oo k s fo r o nes s S y s t em as . J ’

C h e m is t ry , T h e Pu b lic S c h o o l B . H . A N D E RS O N , M
.

C la s s ic a l T e xt s fo r S c h o o ls , C a s s e l s . (A L is t s t f ree o nq pfl zz m m .)
’
J
as . M . .

C o o k e ry fo r S c h o o ls . B L i z z i E H E RI TA G E . 6
C o py B o o k s , C a s s e ll s ra du a t e d. E ig h teen B oo ks . a d. ea c h
’
-
.

C o p y B o o k s , T h e M o de rn S c h o o l. Tw elv e B oo ks . ad. ea c h .
-

D ra w in g C o p ie s , C a s s e ll s M o de rn S c h o o l Fre eh a n d. First Grade ,

'

I s. S e c o n d G ra de , a s .
D ra w in g C o p ie s , C a s s e ll s N ew S t a n da rd. Co m plete in Fo u rteen
'

B oo ks . ad., d a nd 4d ea c h . . .

E ner a nd Ot i o n . B W I L L I A M PA I C E , M .A. I llu s t ra t ed. I s . 6d.

E u c li C a s s e ll s . E dit e b Pro f. W A L L A CE , M A. I s .
’
.

E u c lid, T h e Firs t Fo u r B o o s o f. N ew E dit io n. I n pa pe r, 6d c lo th , 9d. .

E x p e rim en t a l G eo m e t ry . B y PA U L B E RT . I llus t ra t e d I s . 6d. .

F re nc h , C a s s e ll s L es s o n s in . N ew a nd R ev ised E dit ion . Pa rts I .

’

an d ea c h a s . 6d. c o m p le t e . 4s . 6d . Kc 1 s . 6d .
Fren c h E n glis h a n d E n glis h Fre n c h D ic o n a ry . E nt irely N ew
- -

a nd E n la r g ed E di t io n ’ I I so ges , 8 v o , c lo t h , 3 s . 6d.
. ,

F re n c h Re a der, C a s s e ll s Pu b l c S c h o o l. B y G S . C O N RA D as . 6d. . .

G a u d ea m u s . S o ngs fo r C o lle ges a n d Sc h oo ls . Edite d by O H N FA RM E R J .

5s . W o rds o n ly , pa pe r c o v e rs ’ 6d. c lo t h, 9d. ,

G e rm a n D ic t io n a ry , C a s s e ll s N e w (G erm a n E nglis h, E nglis h -

Ge rm a n). Ch ea p E dit io n . C lo th , 3 s . 6d.

H a n d a n d E y e T ra in in g. B y G . R I C S , B se. a Vo ls ., with I 6 Co lo u re d
- -
K .

Pla t e s in ea c h VOL C r 4t o , 63 ea c h . Ca rds fo rCla s s U se , 5 se ts, 1 8 m b.

. . .

H is t o ric a l C a rt o o n s , C a s s e ll s C o lo u re d.
’
S iz e 45 in. x 3 5 ia ., as .

ea c h. M o u n t ed o n c a n v a s a nd v a rn is h ed, w it h ro llers , 50. ea c h .

H i s t o ric a l C o u rs e fo r S c h o o ls , C a s s e ll s . I llu s t ra t e d t hro u gh o u t.
’

I —S t o ries fro m E nglis h H is t o ry , 1 8 .

. 11.—Th e S im ple O u t line o f
E n lish H ist o ry , 1 8 . 3 d. l I I . 1 h e C la ss H is t o ry O f E n gla nd, a s . 6d.
' '
-

ic t io n a ry , C a s s e ll s N ew . (La t in E nglis h a nd E nglish La t in )

’
L a t in - -
.

Re vise d by ] R. V M A RC II A N T , M .A., a nd . F. C N A RL E S , B .A
C lo t h , 3 8 6d .
.
J .

L a t in Prim e r, T h e Firs t B y Pro f. POS T O A T E. I s.

L a t i n Prim e r, T h e N e w B y Pro f. . P. PO S T O A T E . Cro w n 8 v o , as . 6d.
. J
L a t in Pro s e fo r L o w e r Fo rm s B y M . A B A V FI E L D , M .A. a s . 6d
. . .

L a u ndry W o rk (H o w t o T e a c h I t ). B y M rs E . LO RD . 6d. .

L a w s o f E v e ry D a y L ife . B y H O A RN O L D FO RS T E R, M .P. I s . 6d.

-
. .

S pec ia l E dit io n o n G re e n Pa p e r fo r Perso ns w ith W e a k E y es igh t as . .

L itt le Fo lk s H is t o ry o f E n gla n d. I llu s t ra t e d

'
I s . 6d. .

M a k in o f t h e H o m e , T h e . B y M rs S A M E L A . B A RN E T T . I s . 6d. . U
M ap u ildin g S e rie s , C a s s e ll s . O u t line M a ps prepa red b y H . O .
’

A RN O L D FO RS T E R, M .P. Pe r S e t o f T w e lv e , 1 8
M a rlb o ro u gh B o o k s —A rith m et ic E x a m p le s, as . Frenc h E x erc ises,
.

3 8 . 6d Fre nc h G ra m m a r. a s . 6d. G e rm a n do 3 s . 6d
. . .

M e c h a n i c s a n d M a c h in e D e s ig n , N u m e ric a l Ex a m le s in Pra c t ic a l.
By R G B L A I N E, M . E . N ew a n d R evis ed E dit ion .
. . ith 69 D ia gra m s.
C lo t h , as . Gil.
 S elec tio n s f ro m Ca ssell Q Co m pa ny ’
s Pu blic a tions .

M ec h a n ic s fo r Y o u n g B e gin n e rs , A Firs t B o o k o f. B y t he
J G E A S TO N , M .A.
. . 6d .

M o de l J o in t W a ll 8 e e t s , fo r I n s t ru c t io n i n M a nua l T ra ining . B y
”

S . B A RT E R E igh t S h ee ts , a s . 6d e a c h
. . .

N a t u ra l H is t o ry C o lo u re d W a ll S h e et s , C a s s ell s N ew .
’
18

S u bj ec ts S iz e 9 b y I in M o u n t ed o n ro llers a nd va rn i sh ed. 3 s ea c h.
. . .

O bj e c t L e s s o n s ro m a t ti re B y Pi o r L. C. M I A L L , F L S
. Fu lly . . . .

I llu s tra t ed. N ew a nd E u la ed E di t io n . T w o V o ls , xs 6d . ea c h . . .

Pe rs p e c t iv e , T h e Prin c ip les o B y G T RO ERI D G E I llu s tra t e d Pa per, . . .

rs 6d ; c lo t h a s . 6d .
. .

Ph y s io lo gy fo r Sc h oo ls . B y A T S C H O FI E L D , M D . &c .
. .

I llus tra t e d. C lo th , 1 s . 9d . ; T h re e Pa rt s , p a per c o v e rs , 5d. ea c h ; or

c lo t h lim p , 6d. ea c h.
Po et ry Re a de rs , C a s s e ll s N e w . I llu st ra t ed. I a Books , rd . eac h ; o r
’

c o m p le t e in o n e Vo l , c lo t h i s. 6d . , .

Po p u la r E du c a t o r, C a s s e ll s N E W . Wi t h Re v ise d T ex t , N e w M a ps,
’

N e w C o lou red Pla t es , N ew T y pe , &c . I n 8 Vo ls., so ea c h ; o r in .

Fo u r V o ls ., ha lf m o ro c c o 50s . t h e set.-

H i he r C la s s . (L is t on a pf li ea t iom )
’

Re a de rs , C a s s e ll s
’

R e a de rs , C a s s e ll s Re a a ble . I llu s tra t e d (L is t on a pp liea tion J

’
.

Rea de rs fo r I n fa n t S c h o o ls , C o lo u re d . T h ree B oo ks . 4d. ea c h .

Re a de r, T h e C it iz e n . B y H . O . A RN OL D FO RS T E R, M P I llus tra t ed. -
. .

1 s . 6d. A lso a S c o t t is h E ditio n , c lo t h , I s 6d . .

Re a de r, T h e T e m p e ra n c e B y Re v
Re a de rs , T h e
”
D E N N I S H I RD .
.

M o de rn S c h o o l G e O ra p h ic a l. (L is t on a pplic a t ibn. )
.
J .

Re a ders , T h e M o de rn S c h o o l. ”
u s t ra te d. (L is t on a p lac a t ion .) fi
Rec k o n in g , H o w a rd s A n glo A m e ric a n A rt o f. By FRU S I I ER
’
-

H O W A RD Pa p er c o v ers , I s . ; c lo t h , a s . N ew E dit io n , se .
.

Ro u n d t h e E m p ire . B y G R . PA RIt I N . Fu lly I llu s tra t e d. I s 6d. . .

S c ie n c e A lle d t o W o rk . B y l. A B O W E R
fi
I s. . .

S c ie n c e 0 v e ry da y L ife B y f A B o w E R. I llu st ra t e d. I s .
. .

S h a de fro m M o de ls , C o m m o n O bj e c t s , a n d C a s t s o f O rn a m e n t ,
H o w t o . B y W . E S A R ES . W it h a Pla t e s by t h e A u t h or.P K
i
. s.
S h a k s p e re s Pla y s fo r S c h o o l U s e . 5 B oo s I llus tra te d
’
6d . m . . .

S p e llin g , A C o m p let e M a n u a l o f. B y . D M O RE L L , LL D I s. J . . .

T ec h n ic a l M a n u a ls , C a s s e ll s . I llu s t ra t ed t hro u g h o u t
’

H andra ilin a n d S tairc a s ing, 3 8 6d B ric k la y e rs D ra w ing fo r, 3 a —

é
. . .

B u ilding o ns tru c t io n , as . Ca b ine t M ak e rs , Dra w ing fo r 3 8

—
-
.

J
Carpent ers a nd o iners . D ra wi ng fo r, as . 6d. Go t h ic S t o new o r 3 s
a s —Linea r D ra wing a nd
.

L inea r D ra wing a nd Pra c t ic a l G eo m e t

— —M a c hinis ts a nd E ngin ee
.

Proj ec t io n T h e T w o Vo ls in O ne,
—
.

o r, 3 8 —M o d
.

D ra w ing fo r, 4s 6d M e t a l Pla t e o rk e rs , D ra w in
g f
— rt h o gra p h ic a l a nd I so m e t ric a l Proj ec t i o n as —Pra c t ic a l
-
. . .

D w O
—
ra m g 3 8 .

S t o nem a so ns , D ra w ing fo r, as —A pp lie d M ec h a n ic s,

.
,
Perspec t iv e , 3 s
by S ir R 8 . B a ll L L D , a s .—S y s t e m a t ic D ra w in a nd S ha ding, as .
. .

. , . .

T e c h n ic a l E du c a t o r, C a s s e ll s . R ev is ed E dit io n .
’
o u r V o ls 5s . ea c h. .

T e c h n o lo gy , M a n u a ls o f. Edit ed b y Pro f A VE T O N , a nd .

M A. I llu s t ra t e d t h ro u gho u t .

The c in of T ex t i le Fa bric s , by Pro f H u m m el, 58 —W a tc h a nd

g . .

Cloc k ak ng, by D G la s go w , V ic e Presiden t O f t h e B rit is h H o r

i — o
-
.

lo gi c a l I ns t i t u te, 48 . 6d. S tee l a n d I ro n , by Pro f W H Gree nw oo d,

& c . , 8 —S pinning W oo llen a n d W o rs t e d, b y W S
. . .

M
3
6 —D es ign in T e x t ile Fa bric s , by T . R As h en
. . . .

B . M c La ren,
h u rst , 4s . 6d —Pra c t i
.

M e c ha n ic s , by Pro f Pe rry , M E 3 8 6d.

. . . . .

Cu t t in T o o ls W o rk ed by H a nd a nd M a c h ine by Pro f S m i h, 3 s 6d. , . .

Th i s e w a n d O ld o r, S t o rie s fro m E n glis h H is t o ry . B

gf 0 . A RN O L D FO RS T E R, M .P. Fu lly I llu s t ra t ed a nd s t ro n lv bo u n
-

In C lo th . S t a nda rds I . 8: I l 9d . e a c h ; Sta nda rd I I , at ; .

S ta nda rd I V 1 8 3 d. ; S ta nda rds V V I , . VI I 1 8 6d ea c h . . . .

T h is W o rld o f O u rs . B y H . O A RN O L D FO RS T ER, M .P. I llus i 3 s. 6d. .

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 S elec tio ns fi om Ca ssell g Com pa n y
’
s Pu blic a t io ns .

Q uirks for Q uint ; f i le

ra g .

L it t le Fo lk s H a lf Y e a rl V o lu m e . C o nta ining 43 a 4t o pa ges . w it h

-

a bo u t z o o I llu s t r a t io n s , a nd I c t u res i n C o lo u r. B o a rds , 3 s . 6d ; c lo t h , 53 . .

B O Pe e p . A B o o k fo r t h e L it t le O ne s W ith Origina l S to ries a n d Ve rs es. .

I llu s t ra t ed t h ro u gh o u t Y ea rly Vo lu m e B oa rds , as . 6d. c lo t h, 3 s . 6d

. . .

B a s h iu l Fift e e n B y L T M EA D E I llu st ra t ed. 3 s 6d .

'

. . . . .

T h e Peep o f D a y . Ca ss ell s I llu st ra t ed E dition

’
as 6d . . .

M a gg ie S t e e le s D ia ry . B y E A . D I L L W N . a s . 6d .
’
.

“
Y
A B u n dle o f T a le s . B y M A G G I E B RO W N E (A u t h o r o f Wan ted a -

King,
”
S A M B RO W N E , a n d A N T E T N E L 3 s . 6d. U .

Fa iry T a les in o t h e r L a n ds B y L I A G O D D A RD . JU
I llu s t ra t ed se 6d. . . .

Ple a s a n t W o rk fo r B u s y Fin ge rs . B y M A GG I E B Ro w N E I llu s t ra t ed 5s . . .

B o rn a Kin B y FRA N C E S a nd M A R A RN O L D FO RS T E R Y
(Th e Life o f -
.

A lfo ns o I I I , t h e B o y King o f S pa in ) I llu s tra t e d. rs .

. .

C a s s e ll s Pic t o ria l S c ra p B o o k I n S ix S ec tio na l Vo ls , pa pe r bo a rds ,

’
. .

s' 6d . e m
e

S c h o o lro o m a n d H o m e T h e a t ric a ls . B y A RT H R WA U G H I llus U .

t ra t e d . a s . 6d .

M a gic a t H o rn e B Pro f H O FFM A N

. I llu s t ra t e d
. Clo th ilt , 5s . . .

L i t t le M o t h e r B u n c B y M rs M O L ES WO RT I I . I llu s tra t ed . lo t h , 3 s . 6d . .

Pic t u re s o f S c h oo l L ife a n d B o y h o o d. S e lec t ed fro m t h e bes t A u t ho rs .

E dit e d b y PE RC Fi T z G E RA L D , M A Y a s 6d . . . .

H e ro e s o f E v e ry da y L ife . B y L A U RA LA N E. Wit h a bou t ao Fu ll

-

pa ge I llus t ra ti o ns. C lo t h as 6d. . .

B oo k s fo r Y o u n g Pe o p le I llus t ra t ed. Clo t h gilt , 5s . ea c h

. .

Th e Ch um io n of O di n ; o r ’ Bound s ep e ll ; o r, Th e H u n t e d
v in t h e D a y s o i W it a
o f th e F o re s t . B y t he
O ld. y J . Fre d. H odge tt s . H on. M rs . G re e ne.
U n de r B a y a rd s B a n n e r. B y H enry Frith .
’

B o o k s fo r Y o u n g Pe o p le . I llu s t ra t e d. 3 s . 6d . ea c h.
G Th e W h i t e H o u se at I nc h G ow. ‘Po lly : A N e w Fa s h i o n ed G irl. B y
-

B y M rs. ran. I . T . M ea de.

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CL S w ee t Gi rl G ra dua t e . By L . r. g o ne ”

:a
I es der. By T albo t
M e a de . Ba h d.
“t h e K ing Co m m a n d : A 8 t o ry
'
s 0 Th e C o s t o r a M is t a k e
. 8 Sa ra h
fo r G irls . B y M agg ie S y m mgt o n . Pitt.
A W o rld o f G irls : T h e S to ry o f
’
L o st in S am o a . A T ale o f A dve n
ga t o r I sla n ds B y s S c h o o l. B y I . T . M ea de.
fi w $“ 8 gm
e 3 0I .

L Ol t a ni o n “ W h i t e M om s . 8 y
in g E w i th D a v id Ker.
Tu b r
g ét‘“ d s
o , e v en
fil m I m Fo r F o rt u n e s n d G lo r? n e w or
O'Bh e Pa la c
M ea de .
e B ea u tiful. By I . T . t h e sc u m
H o ug h.
w“ 3, a“ ,

C ro w n Sv o L ib ra ry . Ch ea p E di t io ns . G ilt e dges , a s . 6d: e a c h

R a m b les B o u n d L o n do n. By C . W ild A d: ea t ‘ wn “ a.
gg g
u
I . M a t éa u x I llus tra t ed
. . By D Gu s t bles, n m us:
Aro u n d a n d A b o u t O ld E n gla n d. m a ,

B y C. I . M at é a u x I llu st ra te d . . M o dern E x p lo rers . By T h o m as

Pa w s a n d C l“a w s B y o ne o f t he . PM it! “ a n “ N “ a n d Ch a t "
A u t h o rs o f Poem s writt en for a
”
Ch ild. I llu stra ted.

I llus t ra tio ns.

Th e T ru e R o b i nso n Cru s o es .
C lo t h gilt.
P A b roo d io rll o lk s a t H o m e.
'

throu gho ut.

 S elec tio n s f rom Ca ssell g Com pa ny
’
s Pu blic a tio n! .

“
Th e C ro s s a nd C ro w n S e ries . I llus t ra te d . as . 6d. ea c h.
Fre edo m S w o rd : A S t o ry o f th e
’
Th ro u h T ria l t o T riu m p h . By
g
s
D a y s o f W alla c e an d B ru c e. M a eline B . H unt .
B y A nn ie S . S wan. B y Fire a n d S w o rd : A S t o r y o f
S t ro n g t o S u fl er : A S t ory o f
'
th e H ug u en o t a . By T h o m as
t h e J ew s . I y E . W y nne . A rc h e r.
H e ro e s o f th e m ile s E m p irei
o r, S to ries o f V e lo u r a n d
°
A da m H ep b u rn s V o w : A T a le of
’

Ki rk a n d C o v ena n t . B y A nnie
V i c t o ry . B Ern est Fos t e r. 8 S w a n.
.

I n L e t t ers o f la m e : A S t o ry N o . X I I I . ; o r Th e S t o ry o f t h e
o rth e W a lden -es . B y C. I . L o s t V es t a l. A T ale o f B ar
M a t ea u x. C h rist ian D a y s. B y E m m a M a rs !

G o lde n M o t t o es S erie s , T h e E a c h B oo k c o nt a ining 2 0 8 a ge s , w ith

.

Fo u r fu ll pa ge O riginal I llus t ra t io ns. C ro wn 8 v o , c lo t h gi t , as ea c h.

-
.

N il D e s a ra n du n . By
”
t he
“
H o n o u r is n u G ui de. By ”
J ea nie
Rev . F. an gb ri dge , M . A . H erin (M r . A da n A c o n
s n t
-

u re l n d.
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B ea r a n d F o rb ea r. By S a rah
Pm H e Co n u e ra w h o B u du rea . By "
”
F o re m o s t if I Ca n. By H elen t he A u or o f
”
M a y C u n n in gh a m s
A t t e ridge. T ria l, & c .

C a s s e ll s Pic t u re S t o ry B o o k s Ea c h c o n ta in ing a bo u t S ix t y Pa ge s o f
’
.

Pic t u res an d S t o ries , &c 6d. ea c h. .

’
B o ok . A u n ti e S to n es
’
D a is y s S t o s .

B irdie s S t o ry B o o k .
’
D o t a S to
’
ok.
A N e s t o f t O i i es . -
L it tle Ch i m es .
G o o d N ig h t S to ries .
- A S h ee t o f T a l e s .
Ch a t s f o r S m a ll Ch a t t e r-era. D ew dro p S t o ri es .

C a s s e ll s S ix p e n n y S t o ry B o o k s . A ll I llu s t ra ted, a nd c o n ta ining

’

I nt ere s t ing S t o ries by w ell k no w n writ ers -

.

T h e S m ug gle r s C a v e . ’
T h e B o a t Clu b .
L it t le L im e . L it t le Pic k les .
L it t le B ird, L if e a n d T h e B lo h e s t e r C o llege B o y s.
t u rea o f. M y Firs t C ru is e .
L u k e B arnic o tt . T h e L i t t le Pea c em a k er.
Th e D elit J u g .
C a s s e ll s S h illing S t o ry B o o k s . All I llu s t ra t ed,
’
a nd c o n ta ining I n t erest:
ing S t o ries .
Bu n a nd th e B o s. S u rly B o b.
“
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O u r Pre t t y Pe t s .
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