PI O T O R I AL HI ST O RY

T H E C IVI L WA R

IN TER

UNI TED S T AT ES O F A MERI CA .

BY BEN S O N J . LO S S IN G .

ILLUS TRA T E D B Y MAN Y H U ND R E D EN G R A VI N GS ON W OO D B Y LO SS IN G

,

BA RBITT , F R O M S K E TCH E S B Y TH E A UT HO R AN D O T HERS .

T HRE E VO L U ME S IN O NE.

VOL UME 11

HAR T F O RD

T HO MA S BE L KNAP , P UBL I S H E R,

1 87 8 .
 accordi n g to Act of Co n g ess i th yetr 1 866
E n te red r , n e ,

B r BENS ON J LOS S I N G
.
,

In th e Clerk’s Offi ce of th e D i s t i ct Co u r t of th e United S tates fo r

r th e Sou thern
D i strict of N e w Y ork .

c r t o
f

f ‘ f
 P R E F A C E .

HE p e cul i a r c i rcu m s t anc e s n de r Wt h t h i s

u

w ork h as b e en p re p a re d cau sed a muc h ,

l o ng er i n terv al b et w e e n th e a pp ea ranc e of
-

t h e fi rst an d s ec o n d volum es th an w as ex
ec t e d ; bu t t h e d ela y h a s been an adv an
p
t age t o t he b ook becau se i t h a s e nabl ed th e
,

au t hor t o p ro cu r e an d u se m or e au the n t i c
an d v aluabl e mat e ri al s th an co ul d h av e been o b t a i n ed e a rl i er ,

e s p ec i all y fro m C o n fe d e ra te s o u rce s .

A n e ss e n t i al p a rt o f th e o rig i nal p lan of t he wr i t er an d ,

w h i c h h as been ca rr i e d o u t wa s to mak e a p erso nal v i s i t t o th e

,

p ri nc i p al ba t tl e fi el ds an d oth e r p laces of in t e re st c o nnec ted

-

w i th th e C i v i l War T h i s c o ul d n ot b e do n e w i th i n t h e Con
.

f e d e ra t e l i ne s d u ring t h e w ar a n d i t w as d i ffi cul t t o do so i n
'

man y p lace s for several m o n t hs afte r:t h e co n fl i c t h a d cea sed .

A s muc h a s poss i ble of t h i s lab or wa s a cc o m p l i sh e d b e fore t h e

c o m p le t i o n of th e fi rs t vo lume i n w h i c h th e e v en t s of t he c o n
,

fl ict c i v i l a n d m i l i tary t o t h e cl ose of t h e fi rs t b at t l e of B ull s

’
, ,

Ru n a r e r ec ord e d
,
.

A fte r th e fi rs t vo lum e wa s c o m p le t e d i n t h e s p ring of 1 8 66

, ,

th e w r i t e r ma d e a jo ur ne y of sev e ral tho u s an d m ile s i n v i s i t i ng

t h e h i stor i c al l ocal i t i e s w i th i n th e b o un ds of th e C o n fe d e rac y ,

o b se rv i ng the t o o g r a p h y o f ba t tl e fi el ds an d t he re gi o n of t h e
p
-

m o v emen t s of th e g r ea t ar m i e s ma k i ng s k et c h e s c o n versi ng
, ,

w i th ac to rs i n t he s cene s p ro cu ri ng d ocume n t s an d i n ev e r y
, ,

p oss i ble wa y ga t h e ri ng v aluable ma t e r i al s for th e w ork T h e .

w r i t e r b ore a c ord i al le tt e r of i n t rod ucti o n fro m G ene ral G ran t

t o an y o ffi ce r c o mman d i ng a m i l i t a ry p os t W i th i n t he la t e S la ve
lab or S t at e s a s k i n g h i m t o affo rd th e bea re r e v e ry faci l i ty i n h i s
,

p o we r T o G ene ral 0 0 Ho wa rd th e w r i ter wa s al so i n d eb t e d

. . .

for a s i m i la r le tt e r d i r ec te d t o an y agen t of t he Free dm en s

,
’

Bure au .T hese a n d the ki n d se rvi ce s e v ery w here p ro ffered b y

, ,

2 3 46 6 3
 P R E FA C E .

an d re ce i ved fro m p erso n s w ho h ad be e n i n t he Co n fe derat e ar

,

m i es p ro cu re d for th e au thor ex traord i na ry fac il i t i e s for gather

,

i ng h i stor i cal mat eri al s an d h e wa s e n able d t o s en d an d b r i ng

,

ho me a large am oun t of v aluable ma tt e r T h i s h a d t o be ca re . »

f ull y e x am i n e d an d c o lla t e d I n t h i s an d k i n dr e d lab or an d i n

.
,

th e c on s t ruc t i o n of s mal l i llu s t ra t i v e map s an d t h e p re p a r a t i o n

,

of t h e s k e t c h e s for t h e engr a v e r all b y h i s o w n h an ds m o n ths

, ,

q
we r e c on s umed an d th e d elay i n t h e app earance of the s eco n d
,

vo lume wa s the c o n s e u e nc e .

B J L
. . .

D ovnn Pnam sN, . Y .

, S ep tember, 1 873 .
 VO LUME II .

CH A PT E R I .

EFF E CT OF ATTLE O FT HE B B U LL S R U N — R EO R G A NI Z A T I ON O F
’
.
T HE A R MY OF T HE

P OT O M AC — C ON G R ESS A N D
. T H E C O UN C I L O F T HE C ON S P I R ATO R S .
—E A S T TE NN E SS EE .

E ff e c t o f th e o f B u ll s R un p ag e l h —Th e Story i n b o th S e cti o ns—Scene s in Ri ch m o n d an d i n W ash i n g

Battl e
’ ‘

to n—A sad Pictu re 1 8 —T h e Sto ry i n E u ro p e—H o pe s a n d P re dicti o n s o f th e R u li n g C l ass e s th ere—R e—l a tiv e
,

P os i ti o n o f th e Co m b a ta n ts 1 9 An o th er U p ri s i n g o f th e Pe o pl e— T h e E x u lta ti o n i th e Co nfe d er ate s T h e

.
,
‘

- o

U n i t e d S o u th h o w fo rmed 20 — S uti rin g of S o u th ern U n i o n is ts—T h e Co nfe d era te Arm y i mm o v abl e

, .

” '

, , . e s

J effers o n D a vi s a M a r pl o t 21 W hy th e C o nfe d era te Arm y w as i mm o v abl e — A l arm o f th e C o n s pi ra t o rs

-
,

ill —G ener al M Cl el lan a t th e He ad o f th e Arm y o f th e P o t o m a c—R e o rg a n i z a ti o n o f th a t Arm y 23 —T h e

, .

c , .

D efen s e s o f W as hi n gto n Sat Pu rch as e o f Arm s fo r th e G o v ernmen t—D o me s tic Ma n u fa ct u re s o f Arm s 25

-
, .

Pri so ners ta k en a t B u ll s R u n i n R ich m o n d— T o bacc o W are h o use P ri so n a n d C o mm i ssa ry W i n d er 26:

,
’
-
, ,

Ri ch m o n d Pr i so n A ss o ci a ti o n — K i n d Wo men i n R ich m o n d 2T—O bje ct o f th e W ar d e cl are d by Con gre ss

T h a dd e us S te e n s s W a rn i n g s—
, .

— M e asu re s fo r c r us hi n g th e Re be lli o n o ppo se d 2S — P e ace Pro p os i ti o n 29 , v

‘
,
.

—A N a ti o n a l Lo a n au th o r i z e d 80 A pp ea l o f th e S e cre ta ry o f th e T reasu ry a n d th e R e s po n s e— T h e P r o
, .
-

v i s i o n a l C o n g re ss o f th e C o n s pi ra t o r s 8 1 4 D e t erm i n ati o n of Da vi s
,

fl rson Da vi s s Mi ss ta t emen t s 82 —
' ’
e c

a n d hi s F e ll o w C o n s pi ra t o r s to w ag e W a r v igorously C n fl sca ti n s 83 — P rot e ct i o n o f P i ra te s—Da vi s s

.
, . .

’
-
T
'
o o

ao— ca ll e d D e p a rt men t s a n d th e i r He ad s 84 — Perse c u ti o n o f U n i o n M en 85 —O u t ra g e s i n E as t T enne s

, .

”
,

s ee 86 —B ro wn l o w a n d o th er Loy ali s t s h u n te d—B l ood H o u n d s 8l — U n i o n i s ts i n Pr i so n— B ru t a l O rd er of

, . .
,

.
-
, .

J u d a h P B enja m i n 8S —B ro wn l o w s D efi ance —H i s R e l eas e 89 —W ri ts of Garn i sh men t—D en u n c i ati o n s

,
’
.
, .
, .

b y Pettigru 40 —Pettigrn s A c tio n s re vie we d 41

, .
‘
, .

CH AP T E R II .

C IV I L A N D M I LIT A R Y O PER AT I ON S IN MI SS O U R I .

Po si tio n of N ati on al Troop s i n M i ss ou ri —S i ge l s Pu rsu i t o f P ri ce 42 —Battl e ne ar C arthage 48 —S i ge l s R e tre at ‘

, ,
.
’

to Sp i gfi ld—Ly on s M arch S o u th w ard 44 —H has ten s tow ard Sp i gfi ld—Confe dera te s M arch i n g o n
.

’
r n e , . e rn e

tha t T o wn 45 —Ly o n goe s o u t t o mee t th em—B a ttl e a t Du g Sp r i n g s 46 —Pri c e an d McC ll h a t v aria n c e

, .
, . u oc

C o n fe d erat s at W i l so n s Cree k 47 —Ly o n m a rch e s t t o a ttack th em 48 — B attl e of W il s o n s

e
’
ou
’

Cree k 49 —D ea th of Genera l Ly on—Major S tu rgi s i n co mm an d—S ig l T p l o s t by a T rick of th e Co n

.
, .
,
’
e s roo s

fe d era te s 68 — A D rawn Ba ttl —R e tre at of th e N ati o n a l T roo ps N th w a d M —G u errill as i n Mi sso u ri

, .

, . e or r

A c ti vity o f U n io n Troo p —C ivi l A ff airs i n Mi sso u ri (Sh — Pr o m i se s o f Pro te cti o n to Sl avery— M o v emen t
,

s s

of th e Mi sso u r i T ra i to r s—A Mi l it a ry D e s p o ti s m p rocl ai me d lid —O p erati o n s o f Ha d T h o m p so n a n d

,

r c e, ,

Pi ll o w 57 —M e asu re s fo r a nne xi n g Mi sso u r i to th e Co nfe d era cy 58 —G enera l Frem o n t i n c omm an d th e

,

, . in

W t D ep a r tm e t—H i s Em ha m m ts bit—A s pe ct of A ff air s i n h i s D e p a rtmen t—K en t u cky N e u

.
,

es ern n r ss en

y a He lp t o th e I n su rg en t s 60 —C a i r o a n d i ts V ici n ity s tren g th ene d—P ill o w a n xi o us fo r a U n o n of

,

t al it
r
, . i

C o fe d era te F o rc e s (Sh —T h e Co nfe d era t e s al a med—Po lk o rd ers Pi ll o w to fl y fro m Mi sso u ri 62 — A cti vity
n , r , .

o f Mi sso u ri S ec e ssi o n i s t s—G u errill a Ba n d s 63 —F rem o n t p r ocl ai m s M a rti al La w th ro u gh ou t Mi ss o u ri

S ece ss i o n i ts rig o rously t re ate d — F rem o n t s E m a n ci pa ti o n Procl a m a ti o n 64 —T h e P rocla m ati o n m odi fi e d
, .

’
s

by th e Pre si d en t—R e l a ti o n s of th e Gov ernmen t to Sl av ery 65

.
,
a

, .
6 CO NT E N TS .

CH A PT E R II I .

M I LI T A R Y O P ER A T I ON S IN M I SS O U RI A N D KENT UC K Y .

B en M Cu ll ch s
c P r o cl
o a m a’
ti o n — P r ic e s A pp e a l t o th e Mi ss o u r i a n s (id — L xi
’
n gt o n f tifi d — P ri c e a tta ck s th e ,
e or e

P os t 67 —Si e g e o f L e xi n gt on —M u lliga n e xp e ct s R enfo rcemen t s— A S e v ere Str u ggl e GS —Frem o n t c a ll ed

.

e- ,

p o n fo r T roo p W hy M u lliga n w as n o t enforc e d 70 — F rem o n t assail e d—H p u t s a n Arm y i n m o ti o n

.
,

s - re - e
u ,
.

— P ill o w s D e i g n s o n C ai ro I l — K en t u cky N e u t ra li ty— C o nferen ce b e t ween M C l l l

‘

s a n d B u ck ner c e an

U K
.
,

M g ffi
a o en c o u ra
n g e s th e S e c e ss i o n i s t s 7 2 — n i o n Mili t a ry C a m p s i n en t u cky — Ma fii re b u k e d by th e g o n

P res id en t 73 —T h C o nfe der t s i n v ad e K en t u cky S e i z u re o f C o l u m b us 74 —Z ll i fl i n v ad e s E as t ern

.
,
°
e a e -
,
. o co er

K en t u cky— T h e K en t u cky L e gi s l a t u re ag ai n s t th e Co nfe d erat e s 75 — G ener al G ra n t ta k e s Milit a ry P o ss e s

.
,

.
,

s i o n o f Pa d u ca h— E n d o f th e N e u t rality—Fligh t o f S e c e ss i o n i s t s 76 — E x V ic e P re s id en t B re ck enridg e ,
-

a m o n g th e T ait ~0p ati s o f B u ck ner—G enera l An d ers o n s Co u n ter a cti o n 77 — S ee d o f th e A m y

.

’
r ors er on
-
,
. r

of th Ce m b r l a du pl a n t
e e d — T h e
n C o nfe d er a t e F o rc e s i Mi ss o u r i i n ch e ck — P i c e re t re a t s t o w a r d a rk a n n r

sas 7 8 — F rem o n t s Arm y p u rsu e s hi m — Passag e o f th e O sag e— F rem o n t s P la n s I SL— T h e C h a rge o f F

‘ ’
,
re

m on t s B ody g uard at Sp ri n gfi e ld SO — F rem o n t s A m y a t S p i gfi l d— S u cce ss o f N ati o n a l T r p s i n E as tern

.
,
’
’
- r r n e 00

Mi ss ou ri 81 — T h o m p s o n s G u errill as d s p erse d—C m pl ai n ts aga i n s t F rem o t 82 — F rem o n t su ccee d e d i n

.
,
’
i o n , .

c o mm an d by H u n ter — Pre pa ra ti o n s fo r a B a ttl e 88 —Frem o n t re t r s t o St L u i s— H i s R e c e pti o n 84

.
,

u n . o ,
.

G eneral G r a n t i n K en t u cky 85 — E xp e diti o n d o wn th e Mi ssi s ippi by La n d a n d W a t er— Co l u m b us men a c e d

, .

s ,

B B
, .

86 — a ttl e a t e l m o n t— G r a n t h a r d p r ess e d b u t e s c a p e s 8 7 — S er vic e s o f th e G B a t — The C f d un o s on e e

ra te s at C ol u m b us i n peri l SS — Z llic ff A dv an ce i n K en t u cky —T h e Un i o n i s ts a ro use d — Battl e am o n g

. , , .

‘
o o er s

R B P U t
.
,

th e o ck C as tl e H ill s 8 9 — a ttl e o f ik e to n 90.

— Th e E as t T enne ss ee n i o n i s t s di sa pp o i n e d — T he C n
,
o

fe d erate Footh ol d i n T nneSsee a n d K en t u cky 91

,

e , .

CH AP T E R IV .

M I LI T A R Y O PE R A T I ON S IN WE S T ER N VI R G IN I A A N D ON T HE S EAC O A ST .

R ob er E Lee i n comman d i n W e s ern Vi rgin i a—D i s pos itio n of i s Troo p s 92 —Fl o yd at C a rn i fe x F erry
t t '

h
G eneral C o x i n th e an aw h a V all e y 93 —A dv a n c e o f R os e c ra n s—He c ro sse s th e M o u n ta i n s a n d c o nfr o n t s
.
,

K
.

.
,

Fl oyd a t C arn i fe x Ferry 94 —B attl e oi C a rn i fe x F erry 95 —Ga ll a n try o f th e W e s tern T r oo p s 96 — Flight

, .
'

, .
, .

a n d Es ca p e o f Fl oyd — in su h ordmation o f W i se 9 7 —R eyn olds s C omm a n d—L ee pl a n s fo r se i z i n g a n d ‘

’

H oldi n g W e s t V i rgi n i a—R ey n old s w o u n d e d 98 —Atte rn pt to ca pt ure th e S u mm it fo il e d —Lee re p u l se d a t

.
,

.
,

E lk w at er 99 — He jo i n s Fl oyd a t M e ad o w B l u ff —Co n flic t near “T ra v e l er s R e po se " l OO —R o se c ra n s a n d

, .
‘

d ri v en fro m N ew R iv er l Oi B n h am s u n su cc e ssfu l R iv er s—Fl oyd

.

b e t ween th G au l e y a n d N ew
,

Lee
’
e .
-
c

P u rsu it o f Fl oyd R o s e c ra n s re ti re s—K e ll e y i n W e stern V i rgi n i a 1 02 B a ttl e n a R o mne y Mil ro y

,

-
, .
-
e r -

h o ld th e C h e a t M o u n ta i n R e gi o n — H fi ght s J oh n s to n o f G eo rgia a t A ll e gh a n y S u mm i t 1 08 —E xp diti o n

s e , , , e

t H u n t er s vill e — O p era ti o n s o n th e S e a c o as t 1 04 —B u rn i n g f Ham p t n by M ag ru d er—G ener a l W oo l a t

.

‘
o , . o o

F o r tre ss M o nro e 1 05 — E xp editi o n t o H a tteras I n l e t 1 07 —C ap tu c s o f th e P ts a n d H a tteras I s l a n d —B u t r or

l er co mm i ssi o ne d to r ai s e T roo p s i n N ew E n gl a n d 1 08 —N a va l O pera ti o n s ne a r C ap e H a tteras—P eri l s o f

, .
, .

th e N ati on al s o n H atteras I sl a n d 1 09 — H aw ki n s s P ro cl a m a ti o n —A ttem pt t o e s tabli s h a l oy a l C i vi l G o v

,
’
,

c ramen t i n E as tern N or th C aroli n a 1 1 0—Sti rri n g E v en t s n e ar P en sac o l a— W il so n s Z o ua v e s o n S a n t a

.

'

R o sa I sl an d atta ck e d I l l — B attl e o n S a n ta R osa I sl an d a n d R e p u l s e of th e Co nfe d era t s—Th C f d

, .

e e on e e

rate s b efore Fo rt Pick en s l i2 —A ttack by Fo rt P ick en s an d W ar v e sse l s o n th C on fe d erat e W r k s—Fo lly

.
, ,

,
-
e o

o f H o ll i n s o n th e Mi ssi ss ipp i 1 18 — N av a l E n g ag emen t a t S o u th w e s t P ass—I n c o m p e ten cy of R ll in s 1 1 4

.

, . o , .

CH A PT E R V .

M LIT AR Y
I A ND N A VA L O P ER AT O N S ON T HE C O A ST O F S OU T H C A R O I IN A I ’ ”

. .
— M IL I T A R Y
O P ER A T ON S ON T HE L I NE O F T H E P OTO M A C R I VER
I .

N eed of—H arb o rs fo r B l ock ad i n g V e ss e l —Gath erin g of a Nav al an d Mil i tary E p ed i ti n i H a m pt o n R oad s s x
A T erri b l e St o rm a t Se a—
o n
d C o m p o s iti o n o f h E xp e diti o n —I t s D e p r t u re J oy o f th e
,
li 6 t e f d ~ a 11 -
C on
‘

e e
r“te s 7 — T h e E xp e diti o n l B e au for t H arb o r—C o nfed era te D efen s e s th ere l a—T a t n al l a n d h i
M o sq
, .

a ,
11 . ot
'
l s
u i o Fl ee t —P a n of A tt ac k 1 9 —Ba ttl e o f P o r t R oya l E n t ra n c e 1 —C p o f F o rts Wal k er
,

t 1 , 1 . 20 a tn re
a n d B e au rega rd at P rt R o y l E n t ra n c e 1 21 —La n di n g o f N a ti o n al F o rc es a t H i lt on He ad 1 22 T h e C o s t
, .

o a , . -
a
I sl an d R egi o n o f S ou th C aro l i n a aban do ne d to t h e N ati o n al T roo p s 1 23 —Fl i ght of w h i t e I n h abi ta n t s
Capt u re of B e au fo r t 1 C o n q
. .

u e s t s o n th e Co as t o f G e o rgi a HES —C ar o f th e Cott o n o n th e C o a t

, .

24 -
e
I sl an d s 2 —M o v emen t s agai n s t Po r t R oy al Ferry—Co m p o siti o n of th e E xp di ti on 1 7 —Ba ttl e a t Po rt
, .
, s

, 1 6 -
e 2
R oyal F erry A ttem pt t o cl ose h H arbo r of C h arl e s to n w i th su n k en Ve sse l s fi l l ed w th R ock s 1 28
.
,

t e i
F ail u e o f th e A tt em p t—M Cl ll a n d th e Arm y o f th e Po t om a 1 29 —P re pa ra ti o n s fo r m a rchi n g
.
,

R ich m o n d—R ti remen t of G enera l Scott; 80 —O g im i an d Eq

r c e an
c, on

u i p men t of h A m y f th e P oto mac

.

e 1 . r an t on t e r '
o
 CO NT E N T S .
7
~Fren c h Princes on McClel lsn S tair 1 81 ~Pod tion of th e Army of th e P o tomac— It s D e part men ts 1 82
’
s
—R e vi e ws—H o s til e D em n s t ra tio n s 1 88 —A L an d a n d N a val Ex p e ditio n d o wn th e P o to m ac pl anned —Its
, .
, .

F ail u re—T he Po to mac Bl ck ad e l Bt—Reco nn ois san c n ear Was h i n gto n Ci ty—C o mm i ttee on th e Co n d u ct
.
,

o , e

of th Wa I sa C onf ed era t s e v ac ua te Man son s H ill Quak er G u n s Hid —E xpe d i ti o n to H ar per s

e r, -
e
‘
,
” '

F e ry 181 Cap tu o f H ar pa s F rry The Co m batan ts al on g th e P o to m ac I SS —Mov emen ts o n th e

-
re
‘
e -

P o to mac 1 89 —I n v asio n o f V i rgin i a Mil —S en a to r E D Bak er an d h i s Troo ps l 4l —B a ttl e o f Bali Bl utfl

r , . ,
’ '
, . .
, . s

I l a—A T errib le Sc ene th R i v r 148 — D i sa t r to the N a ti o n al Arm s 1 44 —T h e H o n o re d D e a d

, .

on e e s e

E x p l a n ati o n d e ma n d e d 1 45 — Th e C as e o f Ge nera l S to ne Me—A P ri so n er o f S tate 1 41 —T h e B al timo re

. .
, ,

, .
, t , .

Pl o t MS —H o w Mr L inco ln s Li fe was sa v ed 1 49
, .
’
. .

C HA PT E R VI .

T HE A RMY O F T HE P OTO MAC —T HE . T REN T A F F A IB .

—C A PT U RE O F R O A NO K E I SL A ND .

I mm obi lity o f th e G ran d Army of th e P o t mac i m C

‘
f d t Incu i n — A Ba tt l e near D ai i l l 151 o ,
fl on e era e rs o s r n sv e,

F eel i g i n E u op i Fa vo r f th ( b pimwm E p i o f Le di n g M i n G re t B i tai n I lia—De p ar

.

n r e n o e ns -
x rees on n en a r ,

t re of Ma o n a nd Slid e l l f E u rop as Em b d of th Co nf e d era t e S tat s 1 58 —T h e ir cord ia l

u s or e esss o rs e e
”

R ece pti n t R vam —T h e y em bar k for E n g la n d i th S teamer T t d a re a p tu re d by C a p ta i n

.
,

o a e p n e ren , an c

W ilk e s 1 51 —a d Sl i d ll i n F o rt W a r en —W ilk e s A ct a pp l u d d by a l l l o y a l M 1 55 — A pp ro
'
su e r s a e e n, .

val o f th S e c re t y o f th N a vy—T h W i sd o m of P s id en t Li n ol n Isa—B ri ti s h Th e o ry d P racti ce

,

e ar e e re c ,
an

co cern in g Ne u trals H t—T h B ri ti s h d em an d th R e l ea e of th Emb d

n , i Ab us e o f th e Americ n
e e s e ssss ors -
a

Pe pl e by th B ri ti sh P e ss d 0mm" l bs—T h L i beral Mi n d of E gl an d re pre sen t d by J oh n B r ig ht

o e r an e n e

Br i ti s h G o vernmen t d em a n ds th e Re l as o f M o n an d Slid e ll 1 60—Co n c ili a

,

d a few o th r 1 50 Th
sai e s, .
- e e e as , .

tory A c tio n of th e Ameri c Go v rnm n t m t by Du plicity an d T l 1 61 — Ame i ca n P ri n c i p l e s

an e e e rucn en ce, r
co ncern i n g th Ri gh ts o f N tra ls v i n di ated l ow—Arg u men ts o f th S e c re tary of S tate 1 68 —
.

e eu S u rren d er c e

to“B riti s h C ust dy l ot—E emi s of th R e p ubl i c h o pe ful I fih —T h Govern men t

, , .

of th Em ba d e sss o rs
”
o ,
n e e ,
e
‘

tr ngth ne d 1 66 Th B r side E x p di ti o —A Ter i bl S torm 1 67 —Th e E xp di ti o n at H atteras

s e e , .
-
c u n e n r e e
I n l et 1 68 —Th Con fed e ate s R o n o k e I s l n d 1 69 A tt ck on th C n fed era t Work s th e e by th
.
,

, . e r on a a -
a e o e r e

N a ti on al Fl e t—L nd i n g of Natio l T op s I TO Ba ttl e o f R oa ok e I sl d 1 7 l Ca p t r of th I sl an d

, .

e e na ro ,
-
n an - u e e

an d th Co f d e a te Army l ?8 —Elimb th Ci ty t k e n 1 74 —M e da l s o f H o n or be stow ed l id —T h N atio n

.
. .

e n e r , . e a , .
, e
al co n t o l A l b ma l S oun d I m A ppeals to th N o rth Ca li i l i t Sp i ri t of th Loy al and th e
‘
s r e re -
, e ro n sns, - e
Disloysl, 1 78 .

CHAPT E R VII .

M I L IT A R Y O P E R A T I ON S I N M I SS O U R I , N EW ME X I C O , A N D K ENT UC K Y —CA PT UR E . OF F O RT
H EN R Y .

Po si ti o n of Armi e s i n th M i ss i ss i pp i Vall e y—G nera l H ll k i com m an d of th D e part men t o f M i s

th e e e e ec n e

sour ,i ill H i s ri go ro s T r a t men t of i n fl u en tia l S ec e ss i o n i s ts l so —F u gi ti v e Sl a v e s e xc l u d ed f o m Mil i

-
u e r

tary Cam ps —Pope i Mi sso u ri —P rice s A pp al to th e Mi ssou i a s I SL —A c ti v i ty of th Co n f d era te s

.
,
‘
n e r n e e

B t t l e o n th e B l ack w a t r 1 82 — H all e ck d ecl a re s Ma rt i a l La w i n St Lo u i —P ri e d ri v en o u t o f Mi s o u i

,

a e , . s c s r,

1 88 —H u n t r s O pera ti o n s i n K a n sa I SL —T reas o n i n N ew M e i co 1 85 — Lo y alty a n d D i s l o y alty w i thi n

‘
e s, x
it Bo rd ers—G nera l C an by d C l o ne l S i b l e y 1 86 — Ba ttl e o f V al v erd e—T e x as Ra n g er s 1 87 —
.

S i bl ey s
.
,
‘
s e an o

V i cto ri e s i n a n d fi nal E xp u l s io n fr m N ew M e i co 1 88 —A lb rt S i dn e y J o h n s to n i t h e We s t—A P ro

, .
, .

, o x , e n

vis i o al Go v ernmen t i n K en t u ck y 1 89 —W i n So u th e n K en tu cky 1 90—Ba ttl e o f P t b g 1 91

.

n , sr r re s o n ur ,
.

o f Genera l s Bu e l l an d Z ll i n i n K en t cky 1 92 —Mi l i ta ry Mov emen ts i n E as t rn K en t u ck y

. .
,

F
‘
orccs o co er u e
T h Co n fe d e a te s o n th C u m b r l a n d 1 98 —Ba ttl o f M i ll Sp i n g 1 94 — I t s R e su l t — De ath of Z l li fl
, .

'

e r e e co er,
‘

, . e r s o

l 9o —B eau r ga d s n t to th W e s t 1 9 6 —T h C on fed er a t s i n K en t u cky a n d T enn ss e l in Th i r Fo rti n

.
,

e r e e e e e e, e - e

ti o n s i n th os e S tate s—A N av a l Arm amen t i n P p ti t S t Lo u i s 19 8 —F oo te s Fl o ti l la—P re pa ra ti o n s

. .
,
'
’
ee re an on a . .

to b rea k th e Co fed erat Li ne 1 99 Th omas s M o v e men ts to w ard E as t T enne ssee 200 —E xp editi o n
,
’
n e -

ag ai n s t Fo rt Henry 201 —op era ti o n s of G u n B oa ts o n th e T enne ss ee R iv er—To rp ed oe m —A tta ck o n

.
, , .

-
s,
Henry 208 Cap ture of th P os t—S cene ju t b fore th e S u n d m —Efl t o f th F all o f Fort
, .

, .
-
e s e rre er, ec s e

on 205.

S IE G E A ND CA PT URE O F F O RT DO NE LSO N .

G un Boat E xpedi ti on u p th e T en n e ssee Ri v er eon—C o mm odo re Fo ts i n th e Pul pi t 207 —Prcpsrations for

march i n g aga i n s t Fort Done lso n 20a—C h srsc ter an d Stre n gth of F ort D one l so n zoo—
-
n , .

D is po sit i o n o f F o r ce s
,

, , z

for Battl e ew Th e M adam -O per

, at es o f th e Battle, Qu - D ef ea t oi the Na ti o nal Troop s Arr i v a l o f
e- e
-
 C O N EN T TS .

G eneral Lewis W all ac e s Co mm a n d 21 2 A ttack on th e W a te r Batteri e s 213 —T h e Co nfe d era t e s p re pare

’ -
, .

f o a S o ti e 21 4 —S e v e e Ba ttl e o n th e N a ti o n a l R ight—G ene a l Lew i s W a ll a ce h as t en s

, .

to M c C le n an d s
‘
r r
r r r

A ss i s ta n c e 21 5 —T h e T i d e o f Ba ttl e t urne d by W all a ce 21 6 —G ra n t o n th e Ba ttl e Fie ld— H i s O rd e for

.
,

.
-
r
,

an oth e A tta ck 21 7 — St u ggl e n th N a ti o n a l Left— Victo y f th e N a ti on a l s 21 8 —T h e Co nfe d e a t e s in

.
,

e r or r
r r o . .

Co un cil —C o n d u ct o f th e i co w a dly L e ad e s 21 9 —Term s of S u en d e 220 —S urren d e o f F o t D o ne lso n

1 .

r r r rr r, . r r ,

d d —
.
,

221 — Efl c t o f th e'
F a
e ll o f F o t D o ne l s o n 222 — Fl o yd a n P il l o w di s g ra cre 22 3 T h e A m y M ail S erv ice , . r -
,

g —
.
,

T e A m n n V e C m e n V i si t to F ort D one l
.

224 h -
r y M a il a t W as hi gt o 22 5 — A oy a on th e u b r l a d R iv er 226 , . , .

son 227 —N as hvil l e 229

.

.
, . ,

C HA P T E R IX .

EV ENT S AT N A S HVI LL E ,
C O L U MB U S , NE W M ADRID , I L S A N D NU M B E R T EN , A ND P EA

RI DG E .

A dv an ce of Na ti n al T
p s on Bow li n g G reen 230
o roo A fi righ t , . Pa n ic
— i n N as hvi ll e—G o v ern or H arri s craz y wi th ‘

281 — D e s t u cti o n o f th e Tenne ss ee I o n Wo k s — C l a k s vill e 28 2 —Flight o f C o nfed e ra t e T m O p s fro m

r r r r , .

N ashvil l e— Fl o yd an d Pi ll o w agai n o n th e W i n g s o f F ear 233 — S u rren d e r of Nas hvill e 234 —E xp e diti o n

.

,
.
, .

agai n s t C o l u m b us—P o lk s P re p ara ti o n s t o fl y f o m i t 235 — C a pt u re o f C o l um b us 236 — Mi ne s a n d T o rp e

’
r

d o e s a t Col u m b us—I s l a n d N u m be Ten 237 —B e au re g a d i n co mm a n d of I s l an d N u m be r Ten — H i s C all f r

, .
, .

r , . r o

B e ll s to cas t i n to C ann o n 238 — Po p e s M a ch o n N ew M a d id —Co nfe d e ra te s s t en gth en i n g th a t P o s t 28 9 ’

r r r , .

—Tran s po ta ti o n o f S i e g e G u n s—C a pt u e of N ew M a d ri d 240 —S t en gth of I s l a n d N u m be r Ten — F oo t e

.
,

r r , . r

p re p are d f or A cti o n 241 A ttack n C o nfe d e ra te Ba tte i es—T h e M o tar S ervice 242 —P o pe a t N ew M a drid
.
- o r r .

— Genera l H a m ilto n s P l a n f r fl a n ki n g I s l a n d N u m b er T n by th e G u n B oa t s 243 —C n s t ru cti o n o f a

, ,
’
o e -
, . o

Fl an kin g Ca n al M —Passi n g o f I sl a n d N u m b e r Ten by G u n B o at s—S u cce ss of th e C an al Proj e ct 245 -

I s l a n d N u m be Ten ab an d o ne d — O b s tru cti o n s i n th e R iv e r M il —C a pt u e o f th e Co nfe d e ra t e A m y 247

.
, ,

r ,
r r ,

Efi ect o f th e V ict o y 248 — T h e C o nfe d e ra t e s al arme d— M em phi s a n d N ew O l e an s i n Te ro r 249

.

‘
r , . r r

N atio na l Troo p s i n A k an sas—C u ti s i n Pu su it of Pric e 250 —G a th e in g o f Co nfe d e ra te Fo ce s—C u rti s s

, .

’
r r r , . r r

A d d e ss t o th e I n h abitan t s o f A k a n sas—G ene ra l V an Dom 25 1 —H i s Pre sen c e i n th e Co nf e d e ra t e C am p

r r , .

H i s A dd e ss to h i s S o l d i e s 252 — R e l ativ e Po s i ti o n o f th e N ati o n a l T oo p s—V a n D o rn s Fl a n ki n g M ov e

r r , . r
‘

men t 253 H m a ch e s to attack— C u ti s p e pa e d to e ce iv e hi m 26 t— O pen i n g of th e Battl e o f Pea

-
e r r r r r

R idg e— I n di an S av age s l e d by Albe t P ik e— A se v e re Stru ggl e 255 A gene a l Ba ttl e—C arr s St u ggl e o n
, .
,
‘
r , .
-
r r

th e R ight 256 N ight en d s th e Ba ttl —P e pa ra ti o n s by th e N a ti o n a l s for renew i n g i t 25 7 —Ba ttl e

- e r

R esn l t of th e Ba ttl e —
, .

renewe d i n th e M o n i n g— T h e N a ti o n al s vict o i o us
, .

r258 — A troci ti es of Pik e s r , .

’

I n dia n s 25 9 —C urti s m arch e s tow ard th e Mi ss i ss ippi —T h e I n di an s 260

, .
, .

C H A P TE R X .

GEN ER A L M IT C HEL S ’
I NVA S O I N OF ALA B A M A — T HE B ATT LE OF S HIL O H
. .

Gra n t a n d hi s vict orio us A rm y—E xp e diti on u p th e Tenn e ssee R iv er pl a nne d 261 — G ra n t s Arm y on T ran s
—
’
, .

p o t s ou th e Tenne ssee Ski m i s h at P itt sb u g L an di n g 262 —E v en ts nea r Pi tt sb u rg La n di n g—S h e rm a n a t

r r r , .

Shil o h C h u ch 263 — M o v emen ts o f Bu e ll s A rm y — M orga n th e G u e rri ll a C hi ef 264 —Mitch e l s e xtra o ral

r ,
.
’
,
’

n a y M arch S o u th w a d 263 —C apt ure o f H u n ts vill e A l aba m a 266 —M em phi s a n d C h arl e s to n R ail w ay
.
,

r r ,
.
,

se iz e d— G a n t s A m y ne a Pitts b u g La n di n g 267 — I ts P o s iti o n o n th e 6th o f A p ril 268 — T h e Co nfe d era te

r
‘

r r r , .
, .

A m y at Co i n th — Its fo ward M o v emen t 269 — P re parati o n s fo Battl e by th e Co nfe d e ra te s— T h e N a ti o n al s

r r r , . r

u n sus pici o us o f Dan g e 270—O p en i n g o f th e Battl e o f Shil o h 271 Fi rs t Day o f th e Ba ttl e o f Shil oh 278
r, .
, .
-

G eneral G ra n t o th e Ba ttl e Fi e ld 274 —D efeat of th e N ati o n al A rm y 2T5 G ene ral L ewi s W a ll ac e s

.
,
- ’
n -
.
, , .

h oo p s e xpe ct e d — T h e C aus e o f th e ir D e l a y 276 —T h e Co nfe d e ra te s p re p are for a N i h t A tta ck 277

g , .

Arriv al o f Bu ell s Fo c e s Y S — O pen i n g of th e S e co n d Day s Battl e o n th e R ight by W all a ce s Troo p s 279

, .

’ ’ ’
r , E

T h e St u ggl e n th e L eft 280 T h e fi n al C o n te s t for V ict ry 2Si —D efeat of th e Co nfe d era te s o n th e

.
,
-
r o ,
-
o ,
. .

R igh t 282 — Flight o f th e Co nf e d e a te A rm y— Mi s e ri e s of th e R e tre a t 288 —D i s pos iti on of th e D e a d—J o ur

, . r ,

ne y fro m M e i di a n t o C o i n th 234 —Vi s it to th e Battle~F i ld of Shil o h—J ou rne y fro m Corin th to the
.

r r , . e

Field 2S5 — A N ight o n Shil o h Battl e Fie ld 286 —A V ictim of th e wi c ke d Re be llion—Eff ec ts of Shot an d
, .
-
, .

Sh e ll on th e Ba ttl e Grou n d 287 -

, .

C AP TE H R XI .

OPERAT ON S I IN S OU THERN TENNE SSEE A N D NO RTHER N MI SSI SSI PPI A ND A L AB AMA .

Si tuatio n of th e two Arm i e s nea Co ri n th 288 —Th e V icto ry a t Shil oh a n d i ts Fru its—Pu blic Rej oici n g s 289
r , .

Forward Mov emen ts of th e N a tion al Ar m y ch e ck ed by H al l e ck —Mitch e l s Troo p s d riv en from T usc um bia
, , .

’ '
 CO N T E N TS . 9

an d D ecatu r, D i recti n f Ch att an ooga—H all e ck m v e s Cau ti ous ly tow ard

29 0—Mi tch el s O pera ti on s i n th e
’
o o o

Co i n t h 291 —Th e C nf e d e a t e A m y a t (b i th — N ati o al T oo p s o n d e tach e d S e vic e 29 2 —T h e Si eg e o f

.

r , . o r r r n n r r , .

Co i n th —It E v ac ua tio n —H all e ck s S u p i e $98 —B eau e ga d s Flight S o u th w a d 29 4 —C h a n ge o f C o n

r s
’
r r s , . r r
‘
r , .

fed e a te C mm an d e s—Q u i e t o f th e N ati o n al A m y u n d e G ene a l H all e ck 29 5 —O p e a ti o n s o n th e Mi ss i s

r o r r r r ,
. r

s i ppi — Th e o pp s i n g Fl ee t s—S i g e o f F o t Pill o w 29 6 —Ba ttl e a t Fo t P ill o w 29 7 — E v ac ua ti o n o f Fo t

o e r , . r , . r

R an d o lph —N av al Ba ttl e befo e M em phi s 29 3 —C a pt u e of M em phi s 299 —E xp e diti o n s sen t o u t by G ene al

r r , . r

Mit h e l 800 Ra id o n th e R a il w ay b e t ween C h a ttan o ga a n d A tl an ta 301 — C a pt u e a n d E x e c u ti o n o f th e

.
,

o r

R aide s 802 — Ba ttl e at C hattan ooga—C apt u e f C um be la n d G ap 808 Ge ne al s Bu e ll an d Mitch e l 304

c , .
- , .

r o r - r
r , , .
, .

C H AP TE R X II .

O P ER A TI ON S ON T HE C O A S T OF T HE A TL A NT I C A ND T HE G UL F OF M EX I C O .

xp
E e tdi i o n a g a i n s t N ew B e rn a— L a n di n g of th e Arm y b e l o w th e T o wn 805 — Ba ttl e ne ar N ew B e rne 806 — R ou t , .
, .

o f th e Co nfed e ra te s—Flight o f C i tiz en s SOL —Eff e ct o f th e C a pt u re o f N ew B e ne SOS —C h ri s ti a n Work a t r ,

N ew B orne—Mr C o ly er s Sch oo l s 809 —E x pe diti on agai n s t F ort M acon I h e N ash ville 8 10 —Pre pa a ti o n s
,
’ ’ ‘
-
-
r

to assail Fort Maco n BI L—Si eg e a n d Bo m ba rd men t o f th e Fo rt 8 1 2 — Fo t Mac o n a n d its V ici n i ty i n 1 864

.
.
, . ,

, . r ,
—O p e ra ti o n s i n th e R e a o f N o fo lk — T h e
,

8 1 8 — E xpe di ti o n t o Albema l e S o u n d — Ba ttl e o f S o u th M i ll s 8 14 r , . r r

Coas t of N orth C aroli n a i n Po ss e ssi o n o f N a ti o n a l Troo p s S l a Blockade R u nne rs—E xp edi ti o n agai n s t F ort
.

a
,

Pu l as ki 8 1 6 —O bs tru cti on s o f th e S a v a nn a h R i v e r 8 1 7 —Pre pa a ti o n s t o bom b a d Fo t Pu l as ki 8 1 8 B o m

, . , . r r r , .
-

b ard m en t a n d Ca pt ure o f th e F o t 8 1 9 —E xpe diti o n aga i n s t F o rt C li n ch a n d i ts C a pt u re Bi d — C a pt u re of

r, .
, .

J a ck so n vill e Fl o rida 821 —Capt e o f S t A u g us ti ne 322 —T h e A tl a n tic Coas t aba n d one d by th e Con fede
,
or . . .

E xpe d i ti o n ag ai n s t N ew O l ean s in s —N a ti o n al T roo p s a t Ship Is l a n d wit—Procl a m a ti o n f

.
,

ra te s 8 28 — r o

G eneral P h e l ps 826 —O pera tio n s a t B i lo xi an d Mi ssi ss i ppi Ci ty 827

, . , ,

.
, . ,

C H AP TE R X II I .

T HE C A PT U RE OF N EW O R EANS L .

P lan f or th e C a ptu re of New O

D efen se s of N ew O l e a n s 829 — C fi
rl e a n s — P ort e r s Mo rt
ar Fl ee t 823
’
-
Th e r on

d en ce o f th e C nfed e a t e s i n th e i D efen se s—T h e Fl ee t s o f Fa agu t an d Po te 880 — T h e i a pp e a a n c e n

, .
, .

o r r rr r r, r r o

th e Mi ss i s ippi R iv e 831 — B o m b a d men t o f Fo t s J a ck s n a d S t P hilip 332 —Passag e o f th e F o ts by

.

s r, . r r o n .
, . r

Wa v e sse l s 838 —Ba ttl e w ith th F o t s a n d th e Ra m Al a a a Btu —F ea fu l St u ggl e o f th e Ha tf d

r- , . e r n se s, r r r or ,

885 A d e s pe a te N a v a l Ba ttl e 836 —

.
-
rC apt u e o f F o t J ack s n a n d St P hilip 889 — E xci temen t i n N ew , . r rs o . .

O l ea n s 840 — Flight o f L v e ll an d hi s T oo p s 841 —Fa ag u t a pp oach e s N ew O l e a n s— D e st u cti o n of

,

r , . o r , . rr r r r

P pe ty th e e 842
ro r F a ag u t befo e th e C ity
r , .
—F o lly o f th e C ivil A u th o iti e s — I m pe ti nen c e o f a
-
rr r , r r

F en ch N a v a l C o mm a n d e 844 —Na ti o n a l T o p s i n N ew O l ea n s Sta G ene a l Bu tl e a n d th e ab su d

r r, ro r -
r r r

M ay o M o n e—Bu tl e s P o cl a m a ti o n 846 —R e be lli o n e b u ke d a n d ch e ck e d Si t—M a ti al Law p ocl ai me d

.
,
‘
r ro r r r r r
—C n c e ss i n s t th e P e pl e 8 4S — B ne v l en t a n d S an ita y M e asu e —T h e R e be lli us Spi i t o f C itiz en s
. .
.

o o o o e o r r s o r ,
.
,

849 — Bu tl e s fa m o us Wo m a n O d e I ts Efl ts 850 — A T ai t h u n g—Bu tl e s A d m i n i s t a ti n 851

’ '
‘
. r r r -
ec r or r r o
—E ffe ct f th e Ca pt u e of N ew O rl e a n s 852
.
, .
,

o r . .

C HAPTER X IV .

MOV E ME NTS O F THE A R MY OF T HE P OTO M AC —THE M ONITOR . AN D MER RI M ACK .

C n ti n u ed I n cti n f th e G a n d A m y f th P o t mac 858 I m p ati en c f th e P s id en t a n d th P pl e 854

o a o o r r o e o , .
-
e o re e eo , .

H gh ti
an f G ne a l M C l l l
ne ss o {Mia—T h e P e s id en t
e d e s a M o v emen t f all th e A m i e s M C l ll
r c e an , r or r o r -
c e an

su b s ti t te s A gu men t f O be di en c —Pa ti en ce f th e Pm id t Bod —C a m p aig n aga i n s t R ich m o n d c o n

u r or e o s en ,

id
s d—A m y C p s fo m d 85 7 —T h e C nfe d e a te s e v a c ua te M a assas 858
ere r or r P men ad e of th e A m y
e o r n ro r

f th e P o t m a c—
.
, , .

o M Cl l l o e li e v e d o f s me Bu d en f Du ty 859 —Th Me im ck an d M i t 860

c e an r o r o e rr a on or. .

O n sl au ght of th e M im k o n Na tio nal Vesse l s 861 D t u cti o n f th e l atte 862 —Th e M it i

.
,

er r ac - es r o r, . on or n

H a m pt n R ad s 868 —Ba ttl e be t ween th e M i t a n d M ima k 864 —R e su lt f th e Figh t 865 —Th

, .

o o on or err c t o e

c n ten di n g Ve sse l —C a pt i n W d en Si m M o v emen ts i n W e s te n V i gi n i a 8 67 —opp si n g F o ce s i n th

, .
, , .

Sh ena n d a h V all e y Boa Shi e ld s at W i n ch e s t —

o s a or -
r r , . o r e

S ki m is h ne a th e e 869 —Battl e f K e s t wn 870

.

o ,
-
er r r r , . o rn o , .

T h e D efen se f W as hi n gt o n City m ad e su e 87 l —T h e C o nfe d e a te s th e P en i n su l a 872 A m y of th e

o r r on -
r

T h e Si e ge of Y kt wn —Mag u d
.
, .
,

P to m ac ch e k ed 873 —M Cl l l c m pl a i n s of a W a n t f F 874 er

m t s n t t Y k t wn —
o c c e an o o orce, -
or o r

M C l lla am—C fe d e a te R
, . .

d i
eee v es c e f n, l
S fl i g f thonN a ti n a l r e en oree
-
en s e o or o u
'
er n s o e o

T p s 876
roo , .
 CO N TE NTS .

C H A P TE R X V .

THE ARMY O F T HE P O T O MA C ON T HE VI R GI N I A P ENINS ULA .

Th e C nfe d e ate s e v ac ua te Y kto wn 377 —Pu su it f th e F u giti v e s—C nfe d e at e Wo k s a t W illi a m sb u g 878
o r or r o o r r r , .

d — — K e a ney s
.
,

— H oo k e s A v a n c e u p
r
‘
n th em 879 —Ba ttl e ne a W illi a m s b u g o H oo k e b e a s th e B u n t 880 r r r r r ,
. r
’

—
.
,

T oo p s o n th e Fi eld 381 H n c o ck s Fl an k M o v emen t

— 3 82 C l o s e o f th e Ba ttl e o f W illi a m sb u g C o m— ’ r
r a , .

p o siti o n o f th e Na ti n a l A m y th e e 883 —M Cl ll u g e d t th e Fren t— T h e F u its o f V icto y l o s t by

.
,

r c e an r o r r
o r

D e l ay 334 —E xp e d iti o n u p th e Y o k R iv e —N a ti n al T oo ps o n th e Pa m u n k e y —A s h a p Fight 8 85

.
,

r r o r r , .

He ad Q ua te s ne a th e W hit e H us e —A T ick t sa v e th a t Bu ildi n g 886 — P e pa a ti o n s t o atta ck N

.
,

r r r o r o r r or

fo lk—V igil a n c eof G ene a l Woo l 387 — H l e ad s T p s ag i n s t N o fo lk—S u en d e o f th e C ity SSS — E v en t s

- .
,

r e r0 0 a r rr r ,

K R
.

d
,

i nth e Sh en a n d o a h V a ll e y 88 9 Ba ttl e a t M D w l l 39 0 en ly a tt ack e a t F o n t o y a l 89-1 — B k c o e .

- r , . an ss
’

R e t e at to w a d th e P to m a c—D iffi lti i th e W ay 892 —Ba ttl e at W i n ch e s te 398 —B k R e t ea t t o

, .
,
‘
r r o cu es n r, . an s s r

th e P o to m ac—J a ck so n h as t en s u p th e Sh en a n d o ah V all e y 394 — A e xci ti n g R ac e i n th at V a ll ey —J a k so

.
,

h c n

a n d E well h a d p e ss e d 895 Ba ttl e o f C o ss K ey s 396 —Ma p f O p e a ti o s i n U ppe V i gi n i a 89 8 —Ba ttl e

.
,

r r - r , . o r n r r , .

R R
.
,

o f P o t e p u blic
r a n d E s c a p e o f J k A m y 899 A V i s i t t th e Sh en a n d a h gi n — W ey e s C a v e
ac son s
‘
r , .
- o o e o r
’
,

400—Passag e f th e B l u e R idg e 401

. o , .

C H AP TE R X VI .

T HE A RMY O F T HE P O T O M A C B EF ORE RICH MON D .

N av al A ttack o n D ew y s B l u ff 402 T h e A ni y o f th e P t m ac o n th e C hick ah o m i ny 408 —S ki m is h a t

r r
’
- r o o r

E lli s o n s Mill—A i n s pi iti n g O d e ; 404 —I n a ctivity o f th e A m y o f th e P t o m a c 405 — Ski m i s h e s ne a

.
, , .

’
h r r r r o r r

H an o v e C u t H o us e 406 M C l lla ll f R enfo cemen t s—R aid s o n R ail w ay s 407 —T h e C f d

. .
,

r o r - - c e n ca s or e- r on e e

at e s p e pa e t o a tt ack th e N a ti o n al s—G ene a l C as e y s P o s itio n 408 —Ba ttl e f th e S e v en Pi ne s 409

, .
, .

‘
r r r r , . o , .

Ba ttl e ne a Fai O k s Stati o n 41 0 —S r c osse s th e C hick a h o m i n y 41 1 — S e co n d Battl e o f Fai Oak s

r a urn n e r r ,
. r

Sta ti o n —T h e C o nfe d e at C o mm a n d e i C hi ef w o u n d e d 41 2 H oo k e l oo k s i n t R ich m o n d a n d i s ca ll e d

.
,

r e r- h -
,
- r o

b ack 41 3 St new all J ack s o n j o i n s th e C nfed e a te A m y ne a R ich m o n d—Gene a l R o b e t E L i n

.

" ”
-
o o r r r r r . ee

c o mm a n d 414 —Pu blic E xp e cta ti o n di sa pp i n ted —H o p e s e xci te d 41 5 — B ld Ra id o f G ene a l J E B

.
,

q
, . o , . o r . . .

St ua t M il R ich m o n d u i e tly b e si eg e d 41 7 L p e pa i n g t o s t ik e M C l l la 41 8 — Ba ttl e a t M e ch a n

r -
,
-
ee r r r c e n, .

il i 41 9 — T h e Si e g e f R ich m o n d ab a n d o ne d 420—P e pa a ti o n s f
.
,

i c sv e, . a d efen siv e Ba ttl e ne a C oo l A b o

o , . r r or r r r,

42l — Ba ttl e o f G aine s s F a m 422 — T h e N a ti o n a l A m y i n i mm i nen t P e il 428 —R e t e a t o f th e A m y f

‘
r r r r r o

th e Pot om ac t th e J a me s R iv e b e g u n M i —Th e C nfed e a te C mm a n d e d e c e iv e d 425 —D e s t u cti o n f

. .
, , .

o r , a o r o r , . r o

th e “W hite H o use a n d p ublic P o p e ty ne a 426 — L p u su e s M Cl lla —T h e L a tte s i n s l en t L e tte r r r, . ee r c e n

’
r o r

t o th e S e c e ta y o f W 427 —Ba ttl e a t S a v a ge s Sta ti o 42S —Ba ttl e a t th e W hite O a k S wa m p B i d g e 429

r r ar, .
’
n, . r , .

Ba ttl e o f Gl en d al e 48 0 Th A m y o f th e P o to m a o n M alv e n H ill s 48 1 —T h e co n ten di n g A m i e s c o n

, .
-
e r c r , . r

f n ti n g e ach th e th e 482 —Ba ttl e of M a lv e n H ill s 438 — Mc c l e ll an th e G al a —H i s vi ct i o us

ro o r er ,
. r , on en or

A m y o de e d t e t ea t 434 — Po sitio n o f hi s A m y o n th e J ame s R iv e 485 V i s it t o th e Ba ttl e —fi ld

.

r r r o r r , . r r, -
e s

e a R ich m o n d 486 —M alv e n H ill s a n d th e R a n d olph M a n si n 438 —F ai Oa ks an d Sav ag e s S tati n 48 9

.

’
n r r o r o
— W illi a m s b u g a n d Yo kto wn 440
, .
, .
, .

r r .
,

C H A P TE R X V I I
PO P E s C A
’
M P A I GN I N v m e rm a .

R e p te d C n diti n f th e A m y o f th e P o t m ac 441 —T h e P e sid en t vi sit s th A m y—H i s P e pl e i ty 442

or o o o r o , . r e r r x , .

Th e A my f V i gi n a u n d e G ene al P p 448 —W ithd a w al o f th e A m y o f th e P to m ac f o m th Vi

r o r i r r e e, r r o r e r

gi n i a P en i n su l a 444 —T h e C o nfed e at e s pl a n a G n d Sch eme o f I n v as i o n 445 —S u cc e ss fu l R a i d s t o w a d

.

, r ra r

R ich m o n d 446 P p i n th e F i el d E v en ts ne a th e R apid Ann a 447 Ba ttl e f Ce d a M ou n tai n 448

, .

, .
-
0 e -
r -
o r
, .
,

T h e Co mba ta n t s enfo c e d 449 —P p c om p e ll e d t e t e a t 450 M o v emen ts o n th e R p p h

re - r ,k . 0 e o r r -
a a an n o c
A ttem pt s to fl an k th e A m y o f Vi gi n i a 451 —Ta di ne ss of R enfo cemen ts 462 Po s iti o n o f th e A m y o f
.
,

r r

V i gi n i a 45 3 —M n assas J u n cti o c pt u d by th e C nfe d e a t e s—

, . r e- r , .
-
r
r , . a C i ti ca l Sit ua tio n o f b th A m i e s n a re o r r o r
F ail u e o f a n A ttem pt t o captu e J k F o c e a t M an a s s 455 Ba ttl e n ea G o v e t n 456 —J ck s o n
.

‘
r r ac son s r s a - r r o a

enfo ce d by L n gs t ee t 457 —Battl e g o u n d ne a G v e to n 45 8 —C o n diti n o f th e t w o A m i e s 459

, .
, .

te- r o r r r ro o r
-
, .

S e c o n d B attl e f Bu ll s R u n 460 —Ba ttl e ne a C h a n tilly 461 —R el a ti o n s o f G ene al s P o pe a n d Mccl e ll a ,

, .
, .

‘
o r r
462 —D iss l u ti n f th e A m y f V i gi n i a—M em b s f th e C nfe d e a t C o n g e ss
, .
, . n
. o o o r a ll ed 468 o r er o o r e r
”
, so-c , .

CHAPTER XVIII .

NVA SION F M A RY AND A ND H RETREAT T OWA RD RICHM OND

LEE S I
i
O L IS .

th e N ati n al A m y d T h e Re p u blic i n P e il fl it—Lee s I n vasi o n

O

L e s el a t v e P o s iti o n
’
ewe
e r i to o r revi - r
’ “

of Ma ry
— a n d H i s P o cl ama ti o n 465 I t i s s co ed by th e P o pl e o f M a y la n d Ba b a a F i t h i 466
,

L ee s
l r -
rn e -
’
r

Sch eme f I n v asi on di c ve e d 467 —MoCl l la A dv an tag e s MS —A dv a n ce u pon S o u th M u n tai n

, .
r r r e c e, .
-

o s o r e n s
’
, .
,
«
o , 469 .
 CO N TEN TS . 11

Ba ttl e o n S u th M u n ta i n o at C a mp t n s Ga p —T mb s a n d C bb th e G o gi a T a it s 47 1
o ,
470 —S trn ggl e
. r o
’
oo o , e r r or , .

— H a pe s F e y i n v e s t e d 4T2 — S u en d e o f H a pe s F e y 478 —
r r
‘
rr T h e A m i e s i th e An ti e ta m V all e y
, . rr r r r
’
rr ,
. r n

4T4 — T h e i e l ativ e Po s iti o n 4T5 —P e p a a tio ns f Ba ttl e—P e li m i n a y C o n te s ts 476 — Ba ttl e tA ti t m

,
’

r r r r or r r o n e a

th e R ight 480 —0 p ati o n th e L eft a n d cl o se o f th e Ba ttl e 4Si —L p

.
.
, .
,

47 7 — C l o s e o f O pe a ti o n s
,

. r on , . er ens , , . ee er

m itt d t o e s ca pe 48 2 — M C l l l a o d e e d t o p u su e hi m —H h al ts a n d c a ll s f R enfo c emen t s 483 — T h e

e c c n r r r e or e- r

A m y o f th e P o to m a c aga i n i n V i gi n i a—A R ac e t o wa d R ich m o n d— N a po l e o n s I d e as ab o u t m aki n g W

.
, , .

r r r ar,

4SL — Sl o w M o v emen t s f th e A m y —M C l ll su p s ed e d by Bu n s id e 435 — T h e A m y befo e F d

o r c e an er r ,
. r r re

i k b
er c g 480 P o s iti o n o f th e C o nfe d e a te s a t F e d e ick s b u g 487
s —ur . Att em pt s t o b u ild P o n t oo n B i d g e s r r r r , .
-
r

R e l a ti v e P o s iti o n
,

A tta ck s th e Wo k men 4SS — Passag e o f th e R ppah

on k by N a ti o n a l T oo p s 489
r ,
. a an n oc r , .
-

o f th e t w o A m i e s 490 — A ttack o n th C nfe d e a t e Li ne 49 1 —Battl e o f F e d e i ck s b u g 492 —St u ggl e a t

r . e o r ,
. r r r , . r

th e foo t o f M a y e s H ill 493 —W ithd a wa l o f N a ti o n a l T oo p s 494 — Bu n s id e s new P l a n f O p e a ti o n s

,
’ ‘
r r r . r o r

49 5 —I t E x e c u ti o n c o mmen c e d a n d sus pen d e d —Bu n s i d e ca ll d t o W as hi n gt n City 496

.
.
, ,

s He i s sup e r e o -
r

k —
.
,
.

sed d by G ne al H
e His Pa t iot i m t i u m ph s o v e F ee li ng 497
e r oo e r r s r r , .

C H AP TE R X I X .

E VE NT S IN KE NTU KY C AN D N R O T HE RN MI SSI SSI PP I .

C n diti on o f K en t u cky 498 —J o h n II M o ga n a n d hi s G ill 499 — M o ga n d iv en fr m K en t u cky 500

o r ucrr as, r r o
—E Ki by S m ith s I n v a i o n f K en t u cky bill —C i n ci nn a ti th e a t ene d by th e
. .
, . .
,

F o e s t i n Tenne ss e
rr e . . r
’
s o , r

C o nfe d e a te s 508 — W a ll ac e s D fen s e o f C i n ci nn a ti M —B agg s M a h to wa d Ken t u cky —C a v a l y F i ght

r .
’
e ,
r
'

rc r r

nea M Mi ill 505 —B a gg s I n v asi o n of Ken t u cky 506 —Hi P o l a m ati o n t th K en t u cki n s 5 07
,
'
r c n n sv e, . r ,
. s r c o e a , .

Bu e ll t u n s u p o n B a gg S OS — Ba ttl e ne a Pe yvill e 509 — B agg s Flight f o m K en t u cky 5i l —G ene a l

r r , r rr ,
. r
‘
r ,
. r

G a n t i n Tenne ssee 5 1 2 — C apt u e o f Iu k by th e C nfe de a te s 5 1 & —B ttl o f I u k a 5 14 —M o v emen t s f

r , . r a o r a e , . o

Gene a l O d 5 1 5 —A V i s it t o th e I u k a Ba ttl e g u n d b i d —G a v e s of O hi S ldi e s 5 1 7 —T h e C o nfe d e a t e s

,

r r -
ro r o o r r

a pp o a chi n g C i n th 5 1 8 — Ba ttl e o f C in th 5 19 —Fie c e Co n te s t a t F o t R o bi ne tt—Re p u l s f th e C

. .
, , .

r or , . or
, r r e o on

fede at s R o s c a s p u su e s th e m 522 —B e ll su p e s e d e d by R s c n 523

.

r e -
e r n r , . u r o e ra s, .

C H AP TE R XX .

EV E NT S WE S T OF T HE M I S S I SS IP P I AN D I N M I DD LE TE NNE SS EE .

De partm en t o f P osi ti o n (SM —C u ti s s M a ch to w ard th e Mi ss i ssi ppi —W e akne ss of

th e Tenne ssee —G ra n t s ’
, r
’
r

Mili ta y F o c e i n A k a n sas 5 25 —La n d a d N aval Fo c e s th e Mi ss i ss i ppi 526 B i ef Si e g e o f V ick sb u g

r r r n
’

r on -
r r

5 28f— Battl a t Ba t o n R o u g e 529 —

,

bil l —T h e R a m A ka ne w— B o m b a d men t of D ald

.
, , .

il l r T h e La r on se n v e, c

F o u ch e D i s t ict e p o ss ss e d 580 —G ene a l s Ba n k s a n d Bu tl e i n N ew O l e a n —Mi lita y O p e a ti o n s i n

.
,
” ‘
r r r e
, . r r r s r r

Mi ss o u i —Wa o n i t s W e s t e n B o de rs 532 — C o nfe d e a t e s d i v en i n t o A ka n sas 538 —

r , r Ba ttl e o n B o s t o r r , . r r r . . n

Mo u n t ai n s 534 —Ba ttl e o f P a i i e G o v e 535 —S ufi l g o f Loy a li s t s i n W e s t e n Te xas 536 —

, Massac e o f r r r
’
er n s r r

U n i o n i st s 587 —T h e A m y o f th e C u m b e l a n d 53S — B agg s A m y at M u rfree sbo o —J fi n Davi s a t

.
, ,
.

’ ’ '

,
. r r r r r e e rso

He ad Q ua te rs 589 —R o s e c a n s s A m y a t N as hvil l e 540 A cti vity of hi s Troo p s 541 —Adv a n c e o f th e

. .

‘
-
r , . r r -
, .

A m y o f th e C u m be l a n d 542 — I ts A ppe ara n ce befo e M u rfree sbo o 548 —O p en i n g of th e Ba ttl e o f Mu

.
,
’
r r , . r r r

St o ne s R iv e 5 44 D i sas t e t o th e R ight W i n g o f th e N a ti o n al A m y 545 St u ggl e o f

, .

‘ '
f b
re es e ro ,
or r, -
r r -
r

H az en s B igad e 540 —P ro gre ss o f th e Ba ttl e 547 548 an d 549 —V ictory f th N ati on al s—P u su it
.
.
,
‘
r or e r
, .
, ,
d e l ay e d bed — B agg e t eat s S ou th w ard 55 1 I m po ta n t C a v al y R aid s 552 —A V i s it to th e Murfrc s
, .

, r r r -
r r e
, .
,

boro Ba ttl e ne id 558

’
-
, .

CHAP TE R XX I .

S L AV ERY AN D E M AN CI P A T I ON —A FF A I R S . IN T HE S O UTH WE S T .

T h e A m y f th e C u m be l a n d e s t s a t M u f ee sb o Mee ti n g f th e T hi ty s e v en th C n g e ss 554 —
r o r C fi a r r r or
’ -
o r -
o r , . on sc o

ti o n a n d E m a n ci pa ti o n p po s e d 555 —P o p o se d C o m pen sa ti o n f E m a n ci p a t e d Sl a v e s 556 Tem p e o f

re , . r or ,
.
- r

th e P e o pl e o f th e B o d e Sl av e l ab o St a t e s 55 7 —Th e P e pl e i m p a ti en t f E m a n ci p a ti o n W P o we s o f
r r -
r o or -
ar r

th e P e s i d en t 558 P li m i n a y P cl a m a ti o n o f E m a n c i p a ti o n —Public An xi e ty 559 D fi iti P l

.
,

r ,
- re r ro -
e n ve roc a

m ati o n o f E m a n cipa ti o n 560 T h e o igi n al D aft o f th e P o cl a m a ti o n 561 —C h a a ct e o f th P o cl a m ati on

. .
,

-
r r r r r e r

T h e I n st u men t a n d th e Pen wi th w hich it was w i tten 564 —Fi s t R e gi men t o f col o e d T oo p s—Sc ene
, .
,
.

-
r , r r r r

i n a Li v e O a k G o v e 5 65 T h e C o nfe d e a te “C o n g e ss ail d 56 6 —
.
,
-
r J fl Davi s an d hi s ch o sen
-
r r
”
se c e e
’
e rson

C o u n se l s Nit—C o nfe d e a t Pi a te Ship s 568 —T h e P i a te s S emme s a n d M fiit 569 —C f d t N a v al

e
, .
, , .

or , r e r -
r a . on e c ra e
, .
,

C o mm i ssi o n 5 70 Ba ba i s m a n d C i vili a ti o n ill us t a te d by th e A lab ma a n d G g G i w l d 571

, .
-
r r z r a eor e r s o . .

V ick sb u g an d i t s I m p ta n c e 5 72 —G a n t s A dv an c e i n Mi ssi ssi ppi 578 S i D i sas t e at H o lly Sp i n g s

r or . . r
‘
-
e r au s r r ,

5T4 Sh e m a n s D e s cen t o f th e Mi ssi ss ippi 5 75 —N a t u al D efen se s o f V ick s b u g {rid —M o v emen t s a t

.
,
‘
-
. r r r

C hick asa w Bay o u i n th e i R e a 5 77 —Battl e a t C hick asa w Bay o u 578 —Sh e m an c m p ell e d t o w ith d a w
, . ,

r r r o r

Mil —E xp e diti o n ag a i n s t A k a n sas P s t 580—

. .
,

R e d R iv e
,

C apt u e f A ka n sas P s t 5Sl Po s ts r o , . r o r o , .

- on r

c a pt u e d 582 r , .
 CO NTE NTS .

C H APTE R XX II .

T HE S IE G E OF V I C KS B U R G .

Gra n t s
’
A m y ga n i e d 583 —P j e cte d Ca n al e a V ick sb u g 584 —D i ggi n g o f th C a n al 585 —An th
r reor z ro n r r ,
e , . o er

F t P em be to n—T h e E xp e diti o n a F ai l u e 587 — A T hi d Y az E p

.
,

Y az o e E xp e diti o n 58 6 —A ttack on or r r , . r oo x e

diti o n— P o te s G u n b a t s i n P e il Exp e diti o n ab a n d o ne d 588 R ai d s by i o n cl ad R a m s 589 T h e

.
,
’

r r -
o r -
, .
- r -
, .
-

I di
n w c a pt u e d by th e C nfe d e at e s— H D e s t u cti o n c aus e d by T ick 590— Passa e o f th e V i ck s b u g
a/no r o r er r 8. r , .
g
r

Ba tte i e s by G u n b a ts a n d T a n s p t s 591 — B k E xpe diti o n a n d hi s A iv al i N ew O l e a n 592

r -
o r or , . an
‘
ss ,
rr n r s,

T h e N ati o n al Fo ce s at G alv e s t n 593 Ca pt u e f G alv e s to n by th e C o nfe d e ate s 594 —T h e I n t e i o f

.

r o .
-
r o r , r or

E xp e d iti o n t o th e T e h R e gi o n 596 —
,

L u i s i a n 595
o a, .
- Ba ttl e th e Bay o u T ech e 59 7 —A tt em pt t p ass c s , . on ,
. o
th e P o t H u d s n Ba tte i e s 598 — Ban k s i th e I n te i o f L u i s i a n a 599 — H i s T i u m ph a n t M a ch t th
r o r , n r r o o , . r r o e

R e d R iv e 600 H i n v e s ts Po t H u d s n 601 — G i e s o n s G e a t R aid i n Mi ssi ss ippi 602 G a n t s A m y

.

’ ’
r, .
-
e r o , . r r r , .
-
r r

c o ss e s th e Mi ss i ss ippi 608 — Battl e ne a P o t Gib s o n 604 M a ch o f th e N ati o n al s t w a d J a ck s n 605

r r r ,
-
r o r o

Ba ttl e e a R ay m n d 606 —Battl e ne a J k 607 —C a pt u e o f J ack so n 608 P em b e t o n s F o c e s —H

, .
, .

’
n r o ,
r ac se n . . r ,
-
r r e

i s co m pe ll e d t fi ght 609 —Ba ttl e o f C h a m pi o n H ill s 610— Pu su it f th e C o nfe d e a te —N ew P o s iti o n o f

. .

o . r o r s

th e C nfe d e a te s GI L—Ba ttl e a t th e B ig B l ack R iv e 61 2 —V ick s b u g in v e s te d—P t e ag ai n o n th

.
, ,

o r ,
r, . r or r e

Y az 618 —P siti n f th e N ati o n al T ps a u n d V ick sb u g 61 4

oo, . o o o roo ro r , .

C H AP TE R XX III .

S I EG E AN D CA PT U RE OF VI CKSB U RG AN D P O RT HU DS ON .

T h e N ati n al T o p s i n Dan ge eta P e p a ati n s to s t o m th e W k s at V ick sb u g— A A tta ck 616 —S d

o r o r, -
r r o r or r n e ce n
A tt ck 61 7 — A s e v e e St u ggl e 618 — T h e N ati o n al s e p u l s e d 61 9 —A e g u l a Si e g e o f V ick sb u g b eg u n
, .

a r r r r r r
enfo c e d—S e vic e s f Po t e s Fl ee t 621 —L i fe i th
.
, .
, , .

—We a k ne ss f th e C nfe d e a t s 620 —G a n t

o o r e , . r re - r r o r r
‘
n e
b e s i e g ed C ity 622 —C nfe d e a te T p s i L u i si a n a 628 — Ba ttl e a t Millik en s B en d— B a v e y of c o l o e d
, .

’
, . o r roo n o ,
.
r r r

T oop s 624 Mi n i n g th e C o nfe d e ate W k s 625 — Pem be t n s P o p os iti n t o su en d e 626 I n te vi ew

r ,
.
-
r or , . r o
’
r o rr r, .
-
r

b e t ween G a n t a n d P em b e to n 627 — F o m al S u en d e o f Vicks bu g—Ce l e b a ti o n o f th e F o u th o f J u ly i

r r , . r rr r r r r n
th e C ity 628 — R egi n o f Milita y O p e ti o n s i n Mi ss i ssi ppi 629 —T h e Sp oil s o f V icto y —It E ff e ct s 680
. e r ra r s
T h e I n v e s tmen t f P t H u d son 631 —Assau lt o n th e C nfe d e ate Wo k s—T h e C h a g e by col o e d T ps
, , .
.
,

o or , . o r r r r roo

Si e g e of P t H u d so n 638 A s e v e e St u ggl e 684 — S ec n d A ssau l t

,
632 Cl .
-
e se or P t H u d s n 685 , .
-
r r , . o on or o , .

Si eg e o f P o t H u d s o n c n ti n u e d 686 —S u en d e o f th e Po s t a n d Ga i s o n — B k L s a n d hi s Sp o il s
r o , . rr r rr an s s
’
o s,
w on—T h e Mi ss i ssippi R i v e e p en t o C o mme c e 68 7 — Efi t f th e F a ll o f V ick s b u g a n d P o t H u d s n a t
r r , .
’
ec o r r o
H o me an d Ab oad—A V i sit to V ick sb u g a n d it s Vici n i ty 688 V y ag u p th e Miss i ss ippi—A C nfe d e a t
r r , .
-
o e o r e
M aj o 639 —T h e H i s t ica l L ca liti e s a n d V icksb g 640
r, . or o rou ur , .
 VO LUM E II .

P AG E
1 Ponm A rr or A B nA q L I N O O LN —S rnnL 41 . BA TL E A T B E LMONT —MAP
T

PORT R A T O F W LL A M N E LS ON
.

P ATE L FB O NT IB P IE C E 42 . I I I

2 . I T AL L
NI I xr rs n 3 43 . T A L P E E— B
I -
I C A NNON
C RO R EN

8 C m m VO L I L
o . 5 44 . I N T AL L ETT E R— M O U N T A
I I S EN E RY IN C

I LLU S T R A T ON S J R E YNO LD S
.

L
« VO L 1 1 I . . 18 3 P ORT R A T J I or O S E P II

A SC E N T G AULE Y M O U T A N
. .

6 . I N T AL L ETT E R— D R A G ON
I I or TR EA S ON 17 3 O P N I

6 Gm H
o sn r s C
‘

o usn, nN r nn v uL s
‘
22 5 PORT R A T O F H ENRY W B AM
I E N II

SH OW N G
. .

7 . M AP D I I nn sa sEs or WAs II IN G $ PLA N O H BA TT L E O F C

R T F E RRY
E A RN IEEE

TON 24 MA P
8 . TO B A O W CC P A nn n o usn n I sO N 26 3 P ORT R A T O RO B E R T E L
I P EE

9 JO HN H W . I N D RR 26 $ R EG ON M L T A RY OP E AT ON S
I or I I R I IN WES T
E RN V RG N A— M
.

10 . P aI sO N Asso c I Ar I O N '
S EAL a I I I AP

11 . S EA L o r r u n T an As u ar D EP A n rN sN r '
s ? P OR T R T R O B ER T H M LROY
AI or . I

1 2 T HE
. S EN A T E C H AM B E R A T Mos m ox t n v s S BU R N LN S H AM TON or P

18 . Com m “ ST A TE D n r . A k ra
' '
r S E AL s S P OR T R A T S H S
I A OP I L As . T R ING II N

14 T ux T n x D EG An I RON Wonx s Ar
'
R I O Im O ND s S F OR T HA I I ER A S' ' '

OPE R A T ON S N EA R C A P E H
.

15 BLOO DH O U N D s H I A T I RRAs
'
—MAP
T H C U N T Y J A L A T K NO V LL E
.

16 E O I X I s S P OR TR A T J S HO LL N S
I or I

V ESS EL
. . .

1 7 T urn G A LL o w s- T ann s S I N T AL L E E R— W
I I TT AR

P ORT R T S F DU P ON T
.

18 J L Pm onU e S AI or

T A I L P E C E—S WO D A N D S C ALES
. . . . .

19 .
-
I II s S PORT R A T I F D R A Y T N
I or
' ‘
. . O

20 I N ITI AL L E TTE R— S EA L M ssO Un or I I s S F ORT W AL K E R H L TON H EA D , I

S G L s F E L D O F OP E R A T ON S—M PLAN o BA TT LE A T P OR T R OY AL
.

a EN
‘
3
21 . I E I I AP 9 r

22 . PLA N or BA I ‘ '
I LE or
'
WI LS O N s CR EE K— MA P ’
s
23 P on r n A rr '
or M J E FF T n o n rso x
. . s PLA N O F F OR T B E AU R EG A R D
POR TR A T STE P H E N E LL OT J R
.

24 P OR TR A T I or J O IIN C F R EM ON T . s I or I T .

OU S
.

P O P E S HO U S E H LTON H E A D
,

25 . a x om s
’
H E A D Q UA R TE R -
S IN Sr L
'
. I s
’
, I

26 . STE A M B O A T O n srn UO I '

IO N s a P OR T R A T O F R S R P L E Y
I I

TOR PE DO
. .

2T S p s A n s
’
s C A NNON A T U R ED A T B E AU F OR T
C P
R A AN H ORE D
.

28 FT M C IN run I SS I ssI P P I s M A R TE LLO TO WE R ON T I S LA D Y R ES N

T A L P E —B RO K E N S H A K LES
.

29 I -
I CE C a F OR T ON BA Y P O N T I

K E NT U K Y
.

80 . I N T AL L m a—S E AL
I I a or C s 8 CO A ST I S LA N D S—MA P

81 . Sm Lo g or —M Ex IN G TO N AP s 70 F LAT B O A TS U S E D
-
L A D N G TROO P S FO R N I

C AM P D K R m P OR T R OY AL F ERRY B E FOR E H A TTA K

.

82 . H EAD Q m -
UA as A r IC O B sO N s 71 T E C

C H A NN E LS C HA R LES TON H A R B OR
.

88 . T BL FF A ND P
ux H EA Q UA R TE
U ,
O Lx s
’
D- R 72 . TEE OP

N RC EA O L UII B US 1 23
84 . P FE L K Z
on rn A I r or
' -
m IX . O L LI cor 78 WA R BALLOON 1 32
H U M P H R E Y M A RS H ALL
.

85 P o s r n A I r or
' '
74 F A I R FAX CO U R THO U S E - 1 33
m : OS A G E
.

Q UA R E R G A T MA N A SS A S
.

86 . S I O II L c n ossI N O r 75 UN 1 36
P OR TR A T DA V D B G E A RY S H E A D QU A RT E R S ON C A M P H E G HTS
.

87 . I or I u N rI-
'
zn 76 .
’
- I 1 37
88 . a S WOR D
x ox r s
'
‘
77 PORT R A T E D BA K E RI or 1 41
BAT LE BALL S B LU FF
. . .

89 P Bu n
oNr O O N P r e r. A r A D UO AII 78 M AP OF T HE T or
’
1 43
H E AD Q UA R TE R S A T E D W A R D S
. .

40 . F a O A G A NST B
or rn n A n O N s I a O Nr 79 . B ANx s S
’
-
’

MAP 0 o o O o O o o o
1 44
 14 ILL UST R AT I O N S .

PAG E PAG E
80 . F OR T L A FA YE T TE 1 46 . M ETH O D or C A RRY I N G A SH E LL 242 .

81 I N I T I AL L ETT E R—LI ON ON D EC K 1 47 . P ORT R A IT or SC H U Y LE R HAHI LTO N

F ORA G E RS A T W OR K CO N S T R U CTI N G TH E C AN AL
.

82 1 48 . 244
P OR T R A IT or E O 0 C an
.

83 1 49 . T HE C A RON D E L ET 245
S U N K E N V E SS E LS IN T HE M SS SS I PP I
. . . .

84 P OR T R A I T O P C H A R L ES W I LK ES 1 50 . I I 246
M A G A ZI N E O PPO S I TE I S LAN D N U M B E R T
.

85 F ORT W A RR EN 1 51 . EN 2-1 7
P OR T R A IT O F J O HN B R G HT
.

86 I 1 52 . A N C I E N T M OR T A R 247
87 . POR T RA I T O P LOR D L YON S 1 58 . M P O F TH E OP E R A TI ON S O P P O P E AN D
A

88 P ORT R A IT O P CO U N T M C ER I F OO T E
H EA D Q UAR T E RS IS LA N D
.

89 . P OR TR A T O F LO U I S M G O LDS RO RC UG H
I . 1 54 . CO NPEDRRA T E -
,

90 P ORT R A T O P STE P H E N C RO W A N
I . N UH B E R T EN
POR T R A T O P A M B RO S E E BU RN S I D E G RA N D J U N C TI ON M ISS ISSIP P I
.

91 . I . 1 55 .
,

92 . P OR T R A I T O F B E N AM I N H UG E R J 1 56. P ORT RA IT O P S AH U KE R C U R TI S .

93 . T HE A TT A C K ON R O A NO K E I S LA N D—M P A 1 57 . P ORT R A IT O P E A R L V A N D ORN

94 . POR TR A IT O F J O HN G FOS TE R . P ORT R A IT or A LE X A N D ER A S BO T II
95 BU RN S ID E S H E A D Q UA R TE R S ‘
-
BA TT LE F I E LD or P E A RI DG E—M P
-
A

T AI L PI EC R—UN PIT FO R D UT Y
.

96 . N A V AL M ED AL O F H N O R o -

97 P ORT R A I T or C F L YN C H . 1 61 I N I T I AL L E TT E R—F OR ES T S C EN E
H A W K N S ZO UA V ES
. .

P ORT R AI T O P C H A R LES F E RG U SON S M ITH

.

98 . I

9 9 T A L P E —P
. I -
I CE RO C L A N A T I O N S P IT TS U G L A N D I N G I N 1 866
B B .

1 00 I N T AL L
. I — W AT E R F ALL
I E I I ER
‘ ’ ‘
SH I LO H M EE TI N G HO U S E -

1 01 P ORT R A T O F H E NRY W A G E R H ALL E K

. I C P OR TR A IT O P J A M ES S N EG LE Y .

1 02 P O T R A T O F H E NRY H S B L E Y
. R I . I F ORT N EC L EY
1 03 O N E O F S B L E Y S T E A S R A N G E RS P ORT R A T O P O R M S B Y M MIT C II EL
’
. I X I

R U N S O P S II I LO I M EET I N G HO U S E
.

1 04 P ORT R A T
. A S DN EY J I or . I O IIN ST O N I I -

1 05 BU E LL S H E A D Q UA R T E RS A T LO U SV LL E P ORT RA I T O F B R A NTON B R A GG
’
.
-
I I

1 06 P OR T R A T
. T C H N D M A N 1 858
I or II O N A S . I IN 1 70 POR T R A I T O F IV J HA RD ER
C A R LO S BU ELL
. . .

1 07 P ORT R A T
. D I or ON 171 P IC K E TS ON DU TY
M LL S P R N GS
.

1 08 M . T E BA TT L E
AP O P II OP I I P ORT R A I T o r B M P R E N TI SS
1 09 AR M Y F OR G E
. .

. P ORT R A T O P L LY S S ES 8 G RA N T
I
'

1 1 0 R E G ON M L T A RY M O V E M E N TS E A ST
.

. I OP I I IN A II N L ITT E R A D

E RN KE N T U K Y— M C AP 175 POR T R A I T O P ST E P HE N A H U R L B U T
A T CO LU M B U S
. .

1 1 1 PLA N
. TH E F or O RT I EI C AT I O N S 1 76 . P OS IT ION o r T I E N A T I ON AL TROO P S I N T II E I
—M AP BA TT L E O P S I I L II— M P I O A
1 1 2 F OO T E S F LO T LLA M UL E S C A RRY I N G WO UN D E MEN
‘
. I 1 77 P

1 1 3 PLA N F ORT H E NRY

.

. OP 1 78 BU RN I NG HOR S ES N E A R P ITT S B U R G LA N DI N G
1 1 4 P ORT R A T
. A H FOO T E I or . .
1 79 CO N P ED ER TE IIO S P IT A L A T M ON T E R E I
A ’

1 1 5 TOR P E D O
.

.
O U R IIO ST ES S A T S I I LO H I

1 1 6 I N T E R OR
. F ORT H E NR Y I OE 1 81 O U R LO DG I NG ~PLAC E O N TH E F IE LD or
1 1 7 T A L P E E — D E L V E RY
.

I -
A S WORD
I C I or S H I LO II
T E NN ESS EE
.

1 1 8 I N T AL L E TT E R— S E AL
. I I OP EP P EC I S OR A SH O T N E A R S m LO II M EE TI N G
1 1 9 A M OR T A R B O A T -
HO C S R
.
28 7
1 20 R O U T E F RO M F ORT H E NRY T O F OR T D ON E L
.
T A L P E—B
I -
AIE C R O II E N RE S 28 7
S ON— M AP I N T AL L E TE R—SH A T E R E D T EES
I I T T R 288
1 21 LOW E R W A T E R BA TT E RY F ORT D ON E LS ON
.
B E A U R EG A RD S H EA D QU A RT E RS A T COR NTH ‘
-
I 288
1 22 B R G E S SH A R P SH OOT E R
,

A HO S P T AL S H ON T E
‘
I -
C A B IN or I T EA ER II
.

1 23 G R A N T S H E A D Q UA RT E RS F OR T D ON E L S ON T N ESS E R
‘
-
EN E I VE R 289
.
,

1 24 PO S T ON O F T E G I I BO A TS TH E A II UN - IN T F A R M N G TON M ET N G HO U S E
I E I 29 2
.
-

T A K ON FORT D ON E LS N
C O COR NTH A FTE R T E E V A UA T ON
I II C I 293
1 25 P OR T R A T
. BUS H RO D R JO H N STON
I OP .
T E S EG E COR TH
II I OP IN 29 4
1 26 P OR T R A T JO H N A M C I OP C LER N AN D H ALL E K S H EA D Q UAR T E R S A T COR TH
’
C 29 5
.
-
IN
1 7 T E G R A V ES TH E I LL NO S TROO P S
.

2 . II OP I I 19 1 P ORT R A T C H A R LE S E LL ET
I OP 29 7
1 28 C A M P D O U G LA
.

. S E LL E ST E RN W H EE L R
-
T s
‘
AN 29 9
1 29 P R S ON A T C C H A S E CO LU M B U S O H O
-

. I AI I P I E N TR A E T O CAVE
NC TnE 802
TH E S E G E FORT D ON E LSON
, ,

1 30 PLA N
. or I OP
C U M B E R LA N D G A N D D AP ITS RP E ND EN C I ES 804
M
1 31 H ALL E K S S WOR D
AP
T A L P E E—A C A NNON TH E M O U N T A S
I -
I C IN IN 804
I N T AL L E E R—S E AL G E ORG A
’
C
305
.

1 32 V E W A T F OR T D ON E LS ON
I I TT OP I

1 33 T A
. I

P E—B SH E LL
1 97 . OP E R AT ON S N EA R N W B E R E—M
I E N AP 307
. IL - IE C ox R -
BU RN S D E S H EA D Q U A T ERS A T N W ’

AR K N S A S
I R
1 34 I N T A L L ET E R —S E AL
-
E
. I I T OP A B E RN E 308
1 35 B OW L N G G R EE N A FTE R TH E E V A UA T ON
.

1 36 F OR T B R U E A N D
I

V N TY
. C I
CO L Y ER S H E AD QU A R TE RS
'
-
809
.

1 37 N A S H V LL E A N D B R DG E S
C ITS IC I I 200 . V E W A T TH E L A N D N G A T M OR H E A D C Y
I I E IT 81 1
.

1 38 C A P TO L A T N A S H V LL E
I I TS I
N EW S P A P E R B O A T A T F K B E D ERI C S BU RG 31 1
. I I
F ORT M A ON 1 864 8 13
I S LA N D N U M E R T
C IN

1 40 TOR P ED O E S
.
B EN
OP E R A T ON BU RN S D E S D I MK
S IN I
‘
E P A RT NF
‘

1 41 I N F E RN AL M A H N E
.

1 42 P O P E S H E A D Q UA T E RS N E A R N W M A D R D
C I
204 . A BLO K A D E R UNN ER C -

1 43 A C A NNON TR U K
’
-
R E I 205 . O BSTR U T ON S H S A V N A H R V E R
C I IN T E AN I
.
C 206 CH DE PR SE
EV A U N - -
I
1 44 T H R TEE N N H M ORT A R
.

. I -
I C
207 P OR T R A T Q U N Y A G LM ORE
I or
145 I S LA D N T —M
.
I C I
AN D D
.

S GE F ORT PULA S K —M
.

N o EN IT S EP EN S RS AP 208
.
IE
.
. or I AP
 ILLUST RAT I O NS .

209 . B REA CH IN F O RT PU LA SRI 274 . S IT E B RID G E

or N EW
21 0 . F OR T C L IN CH 275 . E LL SON S M I LL
I
‘

21 1 . F OR T M A RION 27 6 . P ORT RA T O F Tz J O P ORT E R

I P I -
IIN

21 2 . P OR TR AI T O ED WIN M ST A NTON P . 277 . P ORT R A T or S LA S CA SRTI I

21 8 . F OR T M ASS ACH U S ETT S ON SH P I S LA N D ,

I 278 . P OR T R A T O H ENR M N AG LE R
I P I .

21 1 T AIL P RC —R U S o H S RAN N AS H
-
I E IN r T R T ER 279 . B F
A TT LBo D O R TH E S E V E N P I N E S
IE L

m u 280 . BAT LE o THE S E V E N PINES A N D F A IR

T r

21 5. IN T AL m I I —SM LO U S A N A L OP I I .

21 6 P OR T R A T DA V D D P OR TE R
. I or I . 28 1 R oo x u s
.
'
H E A D QUAR “: -
T

21 7 T H LO U S A N A
. E I I 282 . P HO S IT AL A ? Fu n O A KS
21 8 MOR T A R V E SS E LS D S U S ED I G I 288 PO RT RA I T or J E B S UA R T T

21 9 AT A K ON H P ORT S—M
. . . . .

. T C T E AP P o nm rr or Su m P Ham m . uu x

220 POR T RA T
. T H EO DOR US B A LEY
I or I Mz c m x m vu u Rama: 0m n u:O m ox A

221 R M A NA SS AS
AN H B A TT A C R IN G T B RO O R 11 0 a

—M
.

LV N BA r ru or Mac m cs v n u AP

222 SH R A P N E L SH E LL 237 Po nr nA vr A P Hm
'
. . or . . .

228 TI E H
. I ART P O RD PO RTR A I T or D Am m . B UI I E RF I BL D ‘ ‘ ‘

224 P OR T RA T
. C H AR L S BO GGS I OP E 239 . BA m x 0? G A u ur
zs s
‘

Fu n —MA P .

225 V E W
. I T E Q U A R A N T N E G RO UN DS
or II I 290 B u m s
. or G u xzs e
‘

Mu m
226 T H M A N A SS AS E 29 1 . F o r m “? or En n x vs Km s D .
'

V E W AT S
.

227 PLA N
. F OR T J A KSON or C 29 2 . I A VA u s s
‘

11 1 0 3 m 1 860
8 1 .-
228 P OR T A T
. M R LO V E LL
I or AN S P I E L D 298 . M c C u tL LA N s
‘
Hu n- W A ur m ox

229 T W HO USIG O S S E HI LLS

280 N E W O R L E A S A N D m V m —M
.

. N r I CI N AP 29 4 . Wxnu s s Cmm m '

28 1 T . L VR A T N EW O R LE A N S
HE E R 296 . Po snrxo x or Tn oom ox MA v u 1 1 mm
282 G E N E R AL B UT LE R S R ES D E N N W O MA P
’
I C E, E S

L EA S S o 0 0 T m; N G A LE A
288 R . G EORG E F S m
O RT RA IT OP . 29 7 BA T T LE Fm
. !
) or MA v nx Hu m
28 1 LO U S A N A N A T V E G UA RD
- I I I 29 8 W
ES TO \ RI£

28 5 T A L P E E—
. . .

. C
I C H ST
-
I C AN P E 299 . T m; H A RR SON I Mu n o z!

286 IN T A L LE
. I I E R—S AL V R N A TT E or I G I I Msc nu s vu w
287 POR T R A T
. M IC M E GS or O NT C O N ER T . I 801 . W A LNUT G C uo vn n unc n

288 P ORT RA T
. G S I or EO RG E T O N E N AN H E A D QUA RT E R S-
nu n C oon. A o ns n

289 POR T R A T
. F A K L N B U H NAN
I or R N I C A Wm n ’
s T A v x nx
240 I N T E R OR
. T E M ON TOR S T H :
I or II I
‘
ER E Vu m n on MA Lv n n HxL u
241 P R T R A T
. O JO HN E SSON I or R IC BA T m ar Am ) C a un cn T o wn
-
ox J Am
242 M H B O LT
AS RD I S LAN D 489
218 BA TT L E B E T W EE N TH E M
.

. ON TO A ND M I R RS MCC a s Hu b -
Q um ran Ar Y ou
H
RI N A C R, I N R O A DS A H PT O N 865 T0 “ 0 0 O 0 0

244 P OR T R A T
. J O HN L W OR D EN
I or 866 807 . Imm x. Lm n

245 P OR T R A T
. F W L
I or RE D ER IC E . A N D RR 867 Po x -
ru n or S A xw u . D . Sw w u
246 P ORT R A T
. N ATH A N E L P B K
I or I . AN ! 868 809 . Po nr n A rr or S n af u . W . C nA w ro ab
247 E O D U S
. X S LA V S or E 868 810 . Po n
‘
s Hu n -
Qu a n ta 3 8 A :(
3
w Mo ms
248 P ORT R A T
. J A S SH E L DS I or NE I 87 0 T A U!

249 M A G R U D E R S H E AD Q U A RT E AT Y W 87 1 81 1 CA n n r s T ON S A TI
‘ ‘
'
.
- R O RIIT O N .

250 M C L E LLA N S HR A D Q U A RT E RS 872 8 1 2 Po am rr or Wm 8 PM “!

’
C - . . .

CO U R HO U S E
.

25 1 S EN E A T W W 8 78 8 1 8 T n ono uo m u u G A P
q
C AR IC R T-
—G A ONS
. .

252 T m P
. A I RC E RI 876 8 1 4 Po an
. u r or
'
A s x z u Do ms t .

25 8 I N T AL L ETT R
. I I E 877 8 1 51 Po m u rr o r PHI LI P R u m my
254 PA R S
. C H U R H 1 866
I II C IN 87 7 8 16
. Mox ux m r A N D B A n u G BO UN D -
m x

255 P OR T R T E DW V SM “ AI O P IN 87 8 G n ov r rox

q E—E R
. .

256 TOR P E D O
. 87 8 817 . Mm Doo m . “H on s : Al '
'
G uo v m x

25 7 E . BR G ADE
NC R LS I O R I 880 818 T A
. mc n C o x on z v z R oom
258 R O A D
. B ET WEE N Y W W O RE DO
'
N AND IL 8 19 . Ix m AL L ST —S EA L or M A RY LA N D
L I A N S R URG 8 20 . P a
e n u t? or B A R B A RA a m cm n
259 SI T E o r TH E D AN 821 B A R B A RA s rc m x s
'

H OUS E
BATT L E O P WILLI AN S B URG M
'
. .

260 . AP - 822 P O RT R A I T or A w mm PL aAs A m N

V ES T S H O U S E
.

26 1 .
'
828 W re n s H o ver. S on rn
'

Moux u m B u n s

T HE M O DE RN “W HI T E HO U S E
.

"
262 . G no mm 469
2M . M CC LE LLA N S HR AD QU A R TE RS A T COO L 824 BA rrL z Em o
.
'
or So u u r Mo mrrm 470
A OR RB 887 825 HA a u s Pu n —M t AP 472
W OO L S L A ND N G PLA E A T O E A N V E W
.

264. I C C I 888 826 MC C LE LLA N B H AD Q ’

E -
uA n z u 475
S N OT E TO E W
.

265 . JA C R SO N R LL 89 1 827 S I G N A L S T A TIO N ON R H ED I LL S 475

POR T R A T R H A D S E WE LL Fo m “ J oa n K F M
.

266 . I OR IC R . 898 828 . u

r or n . . u n
-
in n 478
267 H A N D G RE N A D E 894 829 B UN KER C H U RC H
. 477
268 . PORT R A T A E I OR . Lz T 89 6 880 Vmw or T 1] ! A x rm ru BAm '
x - G B O UN D 478
U N ON C H U R H A T CROSS K EY S
.

m . I C 896 88 1 PO RTR A I T
or Wm m w 8 H A N CO CK 480
OP E RA T ON S UPP E R V R G N A—M
. .

270 I IN I I I AP 8 98 8821 T a n B t mx sm x B RID G E 480

T A L P —P
.

27 1 . I -
M I EC PC UN I S H EN I S IN
‘ ‘
u p 401 888 B A -rtw o r
.
—MA P A N T I ET A M
884 Bu
. r m a s H EAD Q
'
m -
U A n' ns
16 ILL UST R AT I O NS .

PAG E P AG E
836 B R D G E B U I L T B Y S O L D E R S O VE R P O T O M A C
I I 389 L IV E O A K G R O VE A T S M IT H S P LA N T A T IO N
-
,
’

PO RT R O Y A L
.
.

R UN
8 87 T H E PP H I LL I S HO U SE O N F I R E 890 L I VE O A K A T S M IT H S P L A N T A TIO N ’

M O N UM E N T I N C H U R C H Y A RD A T BEAU F OR T
.

P L A C E O F F R A K L I N S PA SS A G E O F T HE
.

838 N
’
89 1 .
-

P O RTR A IT O F J A M ES A S E DD O N
.

RA P PA H A N N O C H 489 89 2 .

P I R A T E S H I P S U MT E R
.

839 S CENE I N O N T HE M ORN

F RE D E RI C HS B U R G 398 .
-

ING OF P OR TR A I T O F J O H N N E W L A N D M A FFI T
.

12 T HE TH 394 . .

W A LL A T TII E F O OT O F M A RY E S H E I G H TS ’
395 PO RTR A IT O F R A P H A EL S E MM ES
N A V A L CO MM I SS IO N
.

841 A RMY S I G N A L T ELE GR A P H -

89 6 TH E CO N EE D E RA T E

T H A LABAMA
.

842 PO RTR A I T O F T H O M A S F R A N C I S M
.

E A C II E R 8 97 E

G EO RG E G R ISWO L D
.

843 B A TT LE O F F
.

—M
R ED E RI C H S R U R G AP 39 8 T HE
A PP E A R A N C E O F A RMY H U TS J EFFE R S O N DA V I S S RES I D E N C E
. .

’
399
845 T A I L P I E C E— VI RG I N I A F A RM HO U SE S L A VE L A SH
.

- -
400
846 I N I T I A L L ETT E R
. .

401 K OUT
L OO -

847 P O RTR A I T O F J O H N H M O RG A N BLA CK H A W K

. .

. 402 T HE -

848 F O RT I F I C A T I O N S O F T HE S T A T E H O U SE A T
. .

403 U P P E R E N TR A N C E V I CK S B U RG To

N A SHV I LLE A N C I E N T M O U N D C H I CK A S A W B A Y O U
. .

404
849 P O RTR A I T O F E K I B Y S M I T H B A TT LE O F C H I CK A S A W B A Y O U —M A P S
.
,

. R 405
850 P O N T OO N B R I DG E A T CI N C I NN A T I 6 B A TT LE G R O U N D O F C H I CK A S A W B A Y O U
. .

40 -

35 1 A R A I L W A Y S T O CK A D E 7 F O RT H I N DM A
. .

40 N

AT M M 8 T A I L P I E C E —C A V A L RY S T A B LE T HE
. .

8 52 F O RT I FIC A I I O N S
' ‘
U P O RD S VI L LE 40 -
IN

P O RTR A IT O F LO VELL H R O U SSE AU F I EL D

. .

854 P O RTR A I T O F J O SE P H W H EELE R 409 I N I I A L L E TT E —A E M B R A S U R E

T R N

855 I U K A S P R I G S 0 P E N I N S U L A O PP O S I E V I CK S B U RG
. .

N 41 T

85 6 P R I C E S H E A D QUA RT E RS V I E W SH OWI N G S ITE OF C AN AL

. .

‘
-
41 1 T HE T HE

T II E S A M S O N
. .

85 7 V I E W O F T HE I U K A B A TT LE G R O U N D
.
-

8 58 B A TT LE O F I U K A—M
. AP 41 8 A BOW G UN

859 R O SE C R A N S S H E A D QUA RTE RS REG IO N

.

T Y
’
.
-
4 14 . HE Az O O

8 60 O U R CO A C H M A N
. 41 5 T . I ND I A NOLA
HE

861 G R A VES O F T HE E LEVE N T H O H IO B AT E RY

. T 41 6 A LO U I S I A N A S WA P M
1 7 R A FT WI T H W O U N D E D S O L D I E R S O N B A Y O U
.

8 62 P O RTR A I T O F W I LL I A M S R O SE C R N S A 4 .

863 F O RT R O B I N E TT T E HE
. .

1 8 L A N D I N G P L A C E A T P O RT H U D S O N
.

8 64 R O SE C R A N S S H E A D QUA RT E R S
’
.
-
4 -

P O RT A IT O F R I CH A RD T A Y LO R
.

8 65 B R A GG S H E A D QUA RT E RS
’ -
41 9 R

866 O P E R A T IO N S I N K E N T U CK Y T E NN ESSEE A N D P O RTRA I T O F C C A U G U R

. .

420 .

PO RTRA IT O F BE N A M I N H G R E R SO N
. . .
,

N O RT HE R N A L A B A MA
,

421 J . I

2 G R I E RS O N S R A I D—M
. .

867 CO N FE D E R AT E F L A G
‘
. 42 . AP

8 68 B A TT LE O F CO R I N T H—M AP 423 VIE W O N L A E P R O V I D E N C E K

869 I N I T I A L L ETT E R—S E A L O F M I SS ISS I PP I
. .

. 424 BA TT LE G R O U N D O F J A CK S O N
-

870 BA T O N R O U G E
. .

425 PO RTR A I T O F J C P E M B E RTO NO HN .

C L FF S 6 C H A M P I O N H I LLS B A TT LE G R O U N D
. .

8 71 E
‘
L L ES S I . 42 -

8 72 P OR TR A IT O F DA V I D G F A RR A G U T
.

PA SS A G E O F T HE B I G BL A CK R I VE R
.

. 42 7 T HE
8 73 F O RT B U T LE R D O N A L D S O N V I LLE
.

8 P E M B E RT O N S H E AD Q UA RTE R V I CK S B U G
.

’
, 42 S IN R

874 P O R TR A I T O F J A M ES G BL U N T
.

9 T A I L P I E C E—G R A V E O N T HE BA TT LE F I LD
.

. 42 - -
E
875 P OR TR A I T O F F R A N C I S J H E RR O N
.

I N IT I A L L E TT E R— A T EN T
.

. 43 0 AN
8 76 M O N U M E N T O F T E A S M A RTYR S
.

481 M I L I T A RY O P E R A T IO N S A R O U N D V I CKS B U R G
.

. X

877 B R A GG S H E A D QUA RT E R S A T M
.

.
‘
-
URPREES R O RO
’
M -
AP
878 B R A G G S P R I V A T E RES I D EN C E A T M 432 G R A N T S H E A D Q UA R T E RS A T V I CK S B U R G
’ ’
. U R P RE ES

P O RTR A I T O F F RA N K K G A R D N E R
.

‘
B O RO o o o o 0 O 433
8 79 L OO K O UT A T F O RT N E G LE Y
. .

.
-
434 C A V ES N E A R V I CK S B U RG
880 P O S I T IO N O N D E C E M B E R 31
.

C A VE L I FE I N V I CK S B U RG
.

. M 8F AP 435 -

8 81 M O N U M N T E R E CT E D B Y H A E N S B R I G A D E 6 P O RTR A I T O F H L I E B
.

’
. E Z 43
882 P O S I T IO N O N N I G H T O F D E C E M B E R 8 1
. .

7 M C P HE R S O N S S A P P E R S A T F O RT HI LL
’
. 5T 43 . .

48 8 D EFE N SES O F V I CK S B U RG—M AP

N A SH V I L LE P I E B R I D G E O VE R S T O N E S
.

888 T HE 9 M O N U M E N T A T V I CK S B U RG
’
. R 43
R I VE R
.

440 O P E R A T IO N S I N M I SS I SS I PP I— M AP
8 84 P O S I T IO N J A N UA RY 2 —M
.

. D AP 441 M P C H E A D Q UA RT E R S
I IE RS O N S
’

8 85 R O SE C R A S S H E D QUA RT E RS D EFE N SES O F P OR T H U D S O N— M

.

’
. N A -
442 T HE AP
8 86 I N I T I AL L E TT E R
.

.
44 3 D ES T R U C T IO N T HE W OR KS A T PO RT H
IN UD
S M I LE O F H D R A FT O F T HE P R ES I
.

887 F . A C- I T E S ON
D E N T S P RO C L A M A T IO N O F E M A N C I P A T IO N
’
444 B AN KS SH E A D Q UA RT E RS P OR T H U D S O N
’

888 T H P RES I E N S P
.
,

. E D T
'
EN 44 5 T . S H IR LE Y HO U SE
HE
 T H E C I V I L WA R .

C HA P T ER I .

E FF E C T OF B A TT LE O F B U LL S R UN —REO RG A N IZ AT IO N O F T HE A R M Y O F T II E
‘

T HE
‘

PO T O M \ C . .
—C ON G R E SS A N D T HE C O U N C I L O F T HE C ON S P I R A T O R S —E A S T T E N N
, EE . ES S .

HE B attl e of B u ll s ’
R un , so

di sast ro u s to th e N ati on al
A rm s an d ye t so li ttl e p rofi t ,

abl e as a m ilit ary e v e n t to , ,

,

th e C o n fe d e rat e s w as in its ,

i mm e di at e e ffe ct s a pro fo u n d
e n ig m a to th e p e o pl e o f th e

W h ol e c o u n t ry T h e y c ou ld n o t u n d e rst an d .

it T h e C o n fe d e rat es h eld th e fi e ld y et .
,

th e y did n otsee k p rofit from th e p an ic an d flight

o f th e i r o pp on e n t s by a p u rsu it T h e N ati on al s ,
.

w e re b e at e n an d di sp e rse d ; y e t aft e r th e fi rst ,

3 p araly si s of d e fe at th e y in st an tly re c o v e re d th e i r ,

fai th an d e las ticity T h ere h ad b een m arch e s an d .

,

biv ou ac s an d ski rm i sh e s an d a fi e rc e b attl e w ithi n th e

, , ,

S p ac e of a w ee k ; an d at th e en d of t w en ty fo u r h ou rs -

afte r th e cl ose o f th e c o n fl ict th e re sp e ctiv e p arti e s in th e c on ,

t est w ere o cc u pyin g al m ost th e sam e g e og raphic al p osi ti on

w hich th e y did b e fo re th e st ou t e n c ou n t er .

T h e p eopl e ath om e in bo th se cti on s w e re e xcit e d by th e w ild e st t al e s

, ,

o f o v e rw h e l m i n g d e fe at an d di sg rac e o n o n e sid e an d th e m ost c om ,

pi e t e an d adv an t ag eo u s vict ory on th e o th e r It w as said an d b e li e v e d th at .

, ,

fift e e n th ou san d C on fe d e rat e s h ad easily an d u tt e rly rou t e d an d di sp e rse d

thi rty fi v e th ou san d N ati on al t roop s an d sm itt e n b e y on d h op e of re c o v e ry
-

,
‘
, ,

1 J ff
Se e D avi
e d i patch t th C f d t C g
e rso n s s
‘
s V l m I p g 608 O th 28th f J ly
o e on e e ra e on re ss, o u e .
,
a e . n e o u ,

G l J h t
ene ra s dB
o
g d i
n s o n an d a j i t dd t th i l d i which w a f ll f x lt ti
e au re ar ss ue O o n a re ss o e r so e rs, s u o e u a on. ne

w k
ee g
th y i d
a o,
”
etl h t fm
sa . g iz ed i t a a m y w ith all th app i t m t w hi h m d
a c ou n ess os o e n , or an n o n r ,
e o n en s c o e rn

ar t a d p cti c d kill c
n ra l d d vi i v d d th il f Vi gi i T h i p pl S d d th i pp ch w ith
e s ou e se, n a e e so o r n a . e r eo e o un e e r a roa

t i m ph a d d i pl y f ticip t d vict y T h i g al cam i al m t g l t t T h i Mi i t S

r u n s a s O an a e or . e r e n er s e n os re a s a e . e r n s e rs, en a

t a d w m c m t w it
ors, n o en th ai m m l ti f thi a m y d th bj g ti f
e o n e ss e p pl d t c l
o a on o s r an e su u a on o o ur eo e, an o e e

b t th m w ith W il d v l y A ft S p ki g f th b ttl th c pt
.

ra e e re e r .
”
f er ly v y thi g b l gi g t th
ea n o e a e s, e a ure o n ear e er n e on n o e

N ati l m y t g th w ith th
o na ar o d fpi
e er th y i d “T h th N th h t w d iv by
ou san s o r so n ers,
”
e sa us e or e rn os s e re r en

W
, .

you f m V
ro i gi i a r Wn c. g t l t y v t w hich i e onth lib ty f c
ra u a e t y o u o n an e en n su re s e er o ou r o un r . e

co n g t l at v y m a f
ra u e e wh
er p ivil g it wa t pa ticipat i thi t i m ph f c ag a d t u th t
n o y ou ose r e e s o r e n s r u o our e n r ,
o
 WA S H IN G T O N A ND RI C HMO N D C O N T R AS T E D .

A y P t c ch g d w ith h d ty f i i t h e C a itah o f th e
m t se g p
n
of th e
u o z
th e rm o o a a r e e

i n su rg en t s d rivi n g th em fro m Vi rgi n i a an d relie vi n g th e C i ty of Wash m gton

o

,
,

from all d an ge r of c apt u re .

W s on e se o
hil t cti n o f th e R e p u blic w a s re so n a n t w ith s h ou t s o f e x u lt a

tion th e oth er w as sil e n t b e c au se of th e i n acti on of d esp on d en cy Whil st

,
.

C f d t
o n e e ra es w e e
l t d b y d m e as u re by th e see m i n g e vid e n c e giv en
th e r e a e e o n

by th e b attl e of th e i r o w n su p e ri or skill an d v al or an d th e c ow ardic e of th e i r

,

pp t h d fl ck d h t d d f v lt f rom al l p art s o f
‘

o on e n s an d t ou s a n s o e t o t e s a n a r o r e o
,

S th St t th L y li t w s t u n n e d by t h e g re at d isast e r an d
th e ou e rn a e s e o a s s e re
,
,

v ty fi th d th m th m e n w h o se t e rm s o f se rvic e w e re
th e se en a n ree o n s -
v e o u s -
,

b t xpi i g f th m m t m a d a g er t o l e a v e th e fi e ld a nd
a ou e r n w e r e or e o
,
e n e e
, ,

ti
re re to th e i r h o m e s W h il st in Rich m o n d n o w
.
b e c o m e t h e C a pi tal o f t h e
,

C on fe d erati on th e b e ll s w e re ri n gi n g ou t m e rr y p e al s o f joy an d th e ci ty ,
,
” “
ir an d th e m en in
see m e d lif t e d u p an d e v e ry o n e se e m e d to w alk on a , ,

pl ac e felt th at n o w th e y h eld th e i r offi c e s fo r l ife w h e re J e ffe rs o n D avi s

s aid t o th e m u ltit u d e w h e n r e fe rr i n g t o t h e v a n q u i sh e d N ati on al s

,
w ith ,

“
bitt er sc orn N e v e r b e h au ghty to th e h u m bl e w h e re al l b e l i e v e d th at
,

Walker s p re diction w ou ld th at day b e ful fille d an d th e b an n e r o f R e b elli on

’
,
“
b e u n fu rl e d from th e d om e of th e C apit o l in Washi n gt o n an d th at th e tid e
’
,
” — 3
th e
’
of w ar w ou ld roll from th at day n o rth w ard i n t o th e e n e m y s c o u n t ry

fe rtil e fi e ld s an d ri ch ci ti e s of th e F re c l b S t
a o r t a es — th e re w as t error an d -

an g u i sh an d th e m ost gl o o m y vi si o n s of a ru i n e d R e p u bli c at th e se at o f th e
,

N ati on al G ov ern m en t an d m en in pl ac e th ere w e re n ot c e rt ai n o f filli n g th e i r

,

offi c e s for an h ou r Whil st th e st reet s of Rich m o n d w e re p o p u l o u s w i th

.

p ri son ers from th e v an q u i sh e d arm y an d e ag e r v o l u n t e e rs p re ssi n g 0 11 t o w ard ,

th e c am p of th e vict o rs at M an assas th e st ree t s o f Washi n gt o n w e re ,

c row de d w ith discom fi te d an d di sh e art e n e d soldi e ry w ith o u t l e ad e rs an d , ,

w ith ou t org an iz ati on — th e p e rs on i fi c ati on of th e c ru sh e d h o p e s of th e l o y a l

p eopl e .

S u ch w as th e sad pict u re of th e sit u ati on o f th e R e p u blic an d of th

re l ativ e ch aract er o f th e c on t e n di n g p arti e s m u ch e x agg e rat e d , ,
1 861
“
w hich w as p rese n t e d to Eu ro p e in th e m o n th o f A u g u st
.

Th e .

fi rst acc ou n t of th e b attl e th e p an ic th at se iz e d so m e o f th e N ati o n al ,

t roop s an d th e c on fu se d flight of soldi e rs an d c ivili an s b ack to Wash

,

in gton w as giv en to th e E ld e r Wo rld th ro u gh th e L o n d o n T im es th e

, ,

assu m ed an d acc re dit e d e xp on en t of th e p o li tic al an d so ci al Opi n i o n s o f th e

n o f D r R u sse ll o did n o tSe e th e co n

4
ru li n g cl ass in E n gl an d by th e
p e w h ,
.
,

fl ict an d w h o w as on e of th e m ost sp e e dy an d p e rse v e ri n g o f th e civili an s in

,

fight i th b ttl f M a a Y hav c t d

n e a e o p ch i th hi t y f lib ty a d b
an ss s .ati w il l ou e re a e an e o n e s or o er , n un orn n on s

i p a d call y bl d C ti thi bl d v ti l ki g l w y t th p t cti f j t G d a d

r se u n ou e sse . on n ue s no e e o on , oo n a a s o e ro e on o a us o n

b f ti m g w m ch Ol d w w ill b h il d a th d liv
, ,

e ore e ro s u f ti f t m illi
e r, f p pl C m
e e a e s e e ere rs o a na on o en on s o eo e . o

rad b th w h h av f ll h av
es, our ro ers d d yi g w a d th i bl d h d i
o e h ly ca i a
a en e earn e un n ren o n, n e r oo ,
S e n o ur o u se, s

p ci a d acc ptabl ac ific t th F th f t th a d ight T h ei g av a b i d th t m b f Wash

re o us n e e s r e o e a er o ru n r . r r es re es e e o O
i gt ; th i
n on pi it h v j i d h i i t l c m m
e r s r s a e o ne s n e e rn a o une .

J ff D vi add
e erson d th p pl a hi iv l at R ich m d
s re sse th v i g f th 28d a d b l d ly
e eo e on s arr a on ,
on e e en n o e , n o

d cl d th t t p
e are
a h i h d c pt d v y thi g th
a s roo m y h d i th fi l d i cl d g p vi i
s a
“
gh t
ure e er n e en e a n e e ,
n u in ro s on s en ou o

f d a a my f
ee n r m f t w lv m th “— R ich m d p p J ly 24 D vi x gg ati i mad pl ai
O en or e e on s. on a e rs, u . a ss e
'
a er on s e n
by th tat m t th t i t w l d q i m tha
e s e en w ag
a t t p t that am t f f d
ou re u re ore n on s o ran s or oun o oo
A R b l Wa Cl k D ia y at t
.

1
h e C nf d ate S tat Cap ital p ag 65
‘
e e r er s r o e er es e

v l m I pag 389
, .

2
S ee o u e .
,
e .

A R b l Wa Cl k D ia y p ag 65
e e r er
‘
s r , e .

S 4
t 8 pag 9 1 V l m I
ee n o e
, e , o u e .
 E G L SHN I O PINIO N — A C H AN GE . 19

th e ir e ag e r flight from th e su sp e ct e d dan ge 1s of an i m agin ary p u rsu it of C on

fe d e rat e c av al ry His w as in a g re at d e g re e a t al e of th e i m agi n ati on
.
, , ,
”
fo u n d e d on fact an d w e ll serv e d th e c on spi rat ors for a b rie f se ason
,
It .
‘

e xcit e d am o n g th e ru li n g cl asse s in Eu rop e a d e ri si o n of th e l o y al p e o pl e an d

th e G o v e rn m e n t o f th e Un it e d S tat e s an d th e d e si res o f th e e n e m i es of re ,
.

p ublic an i sm an d th e so v e re ig n ty of th e p e opl e we re g rati fi e d T h e ru i n o f .

th e G re at R e p u blic o f th e West se e m e d to th e m al m o st as c e rt ai n as a fact

acc o m pli sh e d E n gli sh st at e sm e n an d j ou rn ali sts d o g m atic all y asse rt e d it
.
,

an d d e pl o re d th e fo lly an d w ick e d n ess o f th e P re sid e n t an d C o n g re ss in ,

”
w agi n g w ar u p o n So v e re ig n St at es in v in dic ati o n of an id e a an d a p ri n ,

( i l e an d att e m pti n g to h o ld in u n i o n by fo rc e a p e o pl e w h o h ad th e l ight

p , , ,

an d th e d es i re to w i thd ra w from a h at e d fe ll o w ship It w as d e cl are d th at .

th e b u bbl e o f D e m oc m c y h ad b u rs t
” “
T h e re w as j o yfu l w aili n g o v e r th e .

l at e U n it e d St at e s an d o n e o f En gl an d s p oet s w as co n st rain e d to w rit e ’

Al as for A m e ri a gl o y !
’
c s r

I h ab o d— va i h d o u t righ t c n s e

A n d al l th e magn ifi ce n t sto ry
l
T o d as a drea m o f th e n gh t! i
Alas fo r th e He ro es an d S ag es,
S ad d in Hades to k n ow
e n e d, ,

T ha t wh at th ey h ad b u t f o r al l il a e s,
g
Me l ts l ik e a p al ace of sh ow !
"

l tiv e c on di ti on o f th e p arti e s w as t em p o rary T h e l o y al p eopl e

T hi s re a .

9
i n st an tly re c o v e re d fro m th e st un n i n g bl o w an d in th at re c ov e ry aw ak en ed ,

from th e de l u siv e d re am th at th e ir arm ie s w e re m v m c ib l e th at th e C on fe d ,

c rat e s w e re o n ly p assi o n ate an d n ot st ron g an d th at th e re b elli o n c ou ld b e ,

c m sh e d in n i ne ty d ay s as th e h o pe fu l S e c re t ary o f St at e h ad p re dict e d an d
, ,

co n ti n u e d to p re dict It w as e vid e n t th at th e b attl e j ust fo ught w as on ly

.

th e b e gi n n i n g o f a d e sp e rat e st ru ggl e w ith th e e n e m i e s o f th e R e p u b l ic ,

w h o h ad m ad e th o rou gh p re p arati o n f or th e c on flict an d h ad reso lv e d to ,

w in th e p riz e at al l h az ard s l Vith thi s c on victi on o f d an g e r add e d to th e .

sti n g o f m o rtifi e d n ati o n al p rid e th e p at ri o ti sm of th e L o y ali st s w as i n t e n se ly ,

e x e rci se d .

T h e G o v e rn m e n t w hich h ad b e en l ull e d i n t o fee li n g s of se c u rity by th e

,

so n g o f its o w n e g o ti sm an d h ad h e sit at e d w h en u rg e d to e n g ag e m ore ,

“
t r0 0 p s fo r th ree y e ars o r th e w ar w as n o w al so aro u se d to a p ai n fu l se n se
, ,

o f d an g e r an d th e p e n alti e s o f m i sj u dg m e n t ; an d th e S e c re t ary o f War w h o ,

h ad refu se d to san cti o n a c all for a l arg e r b ody o f P e n n sylv an i a v o l u n t e ers

1 A ly d i abl d by w a i
lth gh ou f mi d
n e ar d b dy D R s ll w t h i f m di patch t th
e e r n ess o n an o ,
r . u sse ro e s a ou s s o e

T im es d i g th
ight cc d i g h i fl ight f m C t vill th t it m i ht g t E l d b th xt B
ur n e n su ee n s ro en re e, a g o o n g an y e ne osto n

t m
s ea Th p
er . w t fl yi g b t th p p h y “a if th pi it w pl yi g t ick w ith it Wh
e en en n a ou e a e r,
”
e sa s, s e s r s e re a n r s . en

I c d p m y tm t
sc i
-
u e ul ti th y w l d tillu i t l g t k
os re so u d th l tt c m bi m t
on , e
‘ ’
s
’
ou s ru n n o on s re a s, an e e ers o ne os

c i ly d m y y cl d d m y p lipp d “ A ft
u r ou s , an e esbi f p h w ose ,d by a m
an g f m en s e . er a r e na , e as arou se
'

e sse n er ro

L d Ly
or t i q i ft h im a d i vit h im t pp
o n s, o n u re a I m d myer at h y,
“ h t d by th
n n e o su er resu e se ,
”
e sa s, au n e e

m m y f th B t
e or m il w hich w l d b cl
o e d i af w h
os on a d I h ad m ch t t ll
a ,
l h o gh I h d t
ou e ose n e ou rs, n u o e ,
a t u a no

se e n th b ttl eO th t ti m
a y th giv th T im ai d ( A g t 1 0 1 861 ) I ti vi d nt th at th wh le
e
.
”
n e es on us en, e es s u us ,
s e e e o

v l t a m y f th N th Stat i w thl
o u n e er r o s a milite y g iz ti
or ern a c mi n g c w d
es s or es s a ar or an a on s rea ro

a d
n p k f i t a c ll cti
s o e o f “N w Y k as w di d B t n ab liti
o e i t s d l ti g th e vill ag
on o e or ro es an os o o on s , eso a n es

f Vi gi i a ”
o r n .

Fiv d y aft th Battl f B ll R th S c etary f Stat w t t M Adam th Am ican

2 e a s er e e o u
’
s un , e e r o e ro e o r. s, e er

Mi i t i L d n ayi g : “O A m y f th P t m c n S d y l a m t a v
n s er n on o ,
s n q ally se v
ur r d o e o o a ,
o un a st e re e rse e u e re a n

un e xp c t d F day tw th p ic which h ad p d c d th
e e . or a l t w f ll w d by p i that m d
or o e an ro u e e resu as o o e a an c . s ee e

t t h at
o t d m aliz th e c
re en try B t th t vil h a c a d al d y T h s lt i al ady see i a
o e or e o un . u a e s e se re a e re u s re n u

vi g c st ucti n upon ascal e f g aterm ag nit d a d i n cr a ed enthusi a m

orous re on r o o re u e n e s s .
 A N O T H E R U PRI S IN G — UNI O NI ST S . REPRESSED .

th an p c ib d q t t ti g th t i m p ort an t to re du c e
“it w as m o re
its re s r e u o a s a n a
, O

th an to e n l arg e th e w a s n o w gl a d to r e c e iv e a l l th a t m i ght b e

ofi e re d
‘
f rom e erv y q u a r t e r T h e n it w a s th a t th e P e n n sylv a n i a R e se rv e s . ,

c all e d i n t o e xi st en c e by G ov e rn or C u rtin w e re so sp e edily t ran sferre d from ,

Harri sb g u r t o a n d g a v e se c u rity t o t h e N a ti on al C apit al .

E v e ry w h ere th e p eopl e fl ew to arm s w ith a fee li n g of d e v o ti on to th ei r

c ou n t ry d ee p e r b e c au se b orn of seri ou s c on t em pl ati on th an w h en F ort
, , ,

S u m t e r w as att ack e d T h ere w as an oth e r g ran d u p ri si n g ; an d w ithi n a .

fort n ight aft er th e B attl e of B u ll s R u n w h en th e t erm s of servic e of th e ’

,

se ev n ty fi ve th o u s an d - th r e e m o n th s m e n h a d e xpi re d m or e th a n an e q u al -

,
“ fo r th ree y e ars or th e w ar
”
n u m b er w e re in c am p s or in th e fi e ld e n g ag e d .
,

A m on g th em w ere a l arg e p o rti on of th e th ree m on th s m en w h o h ad re e n -

,
-

li st ed N i n e t en th s of th e n on c om b at an t s sh are d in th e ferv or an d th e fai th

.
- -

of th ose w h o t oo k u p arm s an d th e p eo pl e of th e F re e l ab or St at e s p re se n t e d
-

to th e w orld a su blim e sp e ct acl e di ffic u l t to c o m p reh e n d T h at t e rribl e c ri si s .

,

in th e lif e of th e n ati on w as p rom ptly m e t an d th e salv ati on o f th e R ep u blic ,

w as assu re d .

I n th e m ean ti m e th e C on fe d e rat es fl u sh e d w ith v ict ory an d sati sfi e d , , ,

th at th ei r so c all e d att o rn e y g e n e ral (B e nj am i n ) h ad p re dict e d w i se ly th at

- -
,

a c ifi c atio n th rou gh re c o g n iti o n by F ran c e or E n gl an d o r b oth w o u ld o cc u r

p , ,
”
in n i n e ty d ay s an d th e i r i n d e p e n d e n c e b e se c u re d w e re w asti n g g o ld e n
, ,

m om en t s in c e l eb ratin g th e i r o w n v al o r
3
Y e t in th e m an n e r of th at .
,

u n th ri ftin e ss of ti m e an d o pp o rt u n ity th e re w as a p o t en ti al fo rc e th at g av e ,

a m azin g st re n gth to th e C o n fe d e racy T h e re w as a p re stig e in th at b attl e .

,

an d th e c el eb rati on of th e t ri u m ph w hich al m ost sil e n c e d o pp ositi o n to th e ,

w ar ; f o r m u ltit u d es w h o h ad l o v e d th e U n i on su p re m e ly an d h ad n o faith
, ,

in th e su cc ess of th e c on spi rat o rs n o w th ou ght th e y saw a g re at re v ol u ti on

‘
,

n e arly acc om pli sh e d an d th e m se lv e s m ad e p art o f a n e w n ati on c arv e d

,

su dd en ly by th e sw ord o u t o f th e R e p u blic w ith w h o se fo rt u n e s it w as th ei r ,

d u ty an d th ei r i n t e rest to li n k th em se lv e s T h e y h ad al re ady su ffe re d m u ch .

f rom th e d esp oti sm e st abli sh e d by th e c on spi rat ors ; an d n ow by an ac t of ,

th e
“ C on g re ss “ th reat en e d w ith b an i sh m en t an d c on fi sc ati on , ,
A g 8
0 d an
th e y w e re u tt e rly h e lpl ess an d so u ght p e ac e an d re c o n cili ati o n
u .

,
30 1 86 1 , .

b y a di spl ay of z e al in w h at w as dig n ifi e d by th e n am e of a w ar
'

fo r i n d e p en d en c e “ ”
T h at u n it e d S ou th w hich th e c on spi rat ors h ad fal sel y
.
4

1 G
l Patt N a a ti
e n era
f th Ca mp a ig i th S h a d ah Vall y
erson s
‘
rr ve o e n n e en n o e .

S t 2 p g 520 v l m I
9
ee n o e ,
a e , o u e .

It I 3
p t d that G s rel B ck capt d at F t D l
or e v l m th aft w a d w hil
e n e ra hi u n e r, ure or on e son se e ra on s er r ,
e on s
a ay t F
v tW o at B t a pi
or f wa
arren , ai d t a g tl m i A lb y :“T h ff ct f th at battl
os on, sa r so ne r o r, s o en e an n an e e e o e
wa t is pi th S th
o ns w ith a bli d c
re fi d c d l ll th m i t f l
e ou c it T h ff ct p th
e rn ers n on en e, an u e n o a se se ur y . e e e u on e

N th or th th h a d w t
e rn e rs, on madd a d x
e o p t
er n ,
as o aro use , e n, n e as era e.
”

Th p 4
b ght t be th U i
re ssure m wa t ibl a d th y th f th at cl a w d iv i t
rou o e ar o n e n on en s e rr e, n e ou o ss e re r en n o

th a m y by th
e r a d b c f th ci l p c ipti t w hich th y w
ou s n s, bj t d T h z l f th
e au se o e so a re s r on o e ere su ec e . e ea o e
w m o i th ca en f b lli wa b d d a d th i i fl c w a xt m ly p t ti l Y g m w h
n e u se o re e on s un ou n e ,
n e r n ue n e s e re e o en a . ou n en o

h i t t d w h a k d t li t
es a e v w it d t b a k d w
en s e h
o end d d tby th y g w m ;
s , or e en a e o e s e , e re s un n e an sn e ere a e ou n o en
a dm
n y w th a ticl f w ma app l w hich w
an ere e rt a ig ifica t gift t th l ag ga d t h m
es o o n s
’
are e re sen , s s n n s, o ese r s a o e .

M wh en till d d t ta d fi m i th i t all gi a c w d
o s are o s c d a “t it t th i c t y “ d
n r n e r rue e n e, e re en ou n e s ra ors o e r ou n r an
t at d a ch ; a d th p
,

re e ip ti
s su d th p c ti b cam g al a d fi y that M illi May fl ld wa
n e re sc r o n an e e rse u on e e so e n er n er e e s

j tifi d in i gi g w ith c ful lip

,
us e s n n , s orn s

U i m ! 0 th ic f l d f l ! n on en r e - oo e oo s

A w ll m ight y h p t bi d s e e o e o n

Th d t d w ith ilk th d e e se r san s a s en re a ,

Wh t d by th w hi li g wi d en osse e r n n ,
 T HE C O NFEDERAT E AR M Y I MM O VABLE .

d eclare d m on th s be fore n ow b e c am e a fact an d th e t e rribl e st rif e in st an tly

, ,

assu m e d th e p ro p o rti o n s an d th e vig or o f a civil w ar o f u n p arall e l e d m ag n i

t u d e Al m ost th e e n ti re resou rc es of th e i n h abit an t s of th e St at es in w hich

.

re be lli o n e xi st e d w e re d e v ot e d to th e c au se an d with w o n d e rfu l e n e rgy on ,

both sid e s th e g re at c on flict w e n t on D u ri n g th at c on flict w hil e w e ak e r

,
.
,

m e n w ere in p ractic al sy m p athy w ith th e c o n spi rat o rs th e re w e re th o u san d s ,

o f th e b e st m e n of th e S ou th i m b u e d w ith th e m arty r spi rit w hich re v e ren c e s

,
-

p rin cipl e w h o c o u ld n ot b e m ad e to yi e ld to th e t e rribl e p ressu re b u t m ai n

, ,

tain e d th e i r i n t e g rity th rou gh o u t T h e se u n c on diti on al U n i on i st s sufl e red

‘

in t en se ly in p erso n an d p rop e rty an d l arg e n u m b ers p eri sh e d B u t th e, .

sur viv ors w e re m an y

'

an d o fl e re d to th e n ati o n
,
at th e cl ose o f th e w ar , ,

th e p ro p e r i n st ru m e n t aliti e s fo r c o—o p e rati on w ith th e G o v ern m e n t in th e

re org an iz ati o n o f th e di so rd e re d U n i o n o n a b asi s o f j u stic e w hich sh ou ld ,

se c u re fo r t h e R e p u blic for al l ti m e t ran q u ill ity an d prosp e rity

, , .

Wh en th e sh o u t s of t ri u m ph h ad di e d aw ay an d th e sm ok e of b attl e w as ,

dissip at e d an d th e pe o pl e of th e C o n fe d e racy saw th e i r vict ori ou s arm y

,

im m o v abl e at M an assas an d i n di sp o se d to fo l l o w u p th e ir vict ory th e y

'

w e re u n easy an d m an y a lip q u e ri e d w h y
“ ”
P resid e n t D avi s th e chi ef of
, ,

th e arm y re t u rn e d so q u ickly to R ich m o n d an d sp e n t ti m e in p u blic b o asti n g s

, ,

o f th e achi e v em e n ts o f th e p re se n t an d in p re dicti o n s o f th e fu t u re i n st e ad ,

of dire c ti n g J o h n st o n an d B e au re g ard to p re ss o n afte r th e fu gitiv e s an d

c apt u re Washi n gt on City th e g re at an d c o v e t e d p rize ? T h e i m m o bili ty o f

,

th e ir arm y w as an e nig m a It w as an i n c u b u s on th e spi rit s o f th e p eopl e

. .

While th ei r to n gu e s w ere j ubil an t th e i r h eart s w ere m i sgivi n g ,

.

J oh n st on an d B e au re g ard d e si re d to p re ss o n b u t th e w i sd om an d th e ,

p ru de n c e o f th e fi rst n am e d offi c e r re st rai n e d h is o w n i m p ati e n c e an d th e

-

fo l ly an d rash n e ss of th e C re ol e ; an d th e p e ril ou s m ov em e n t w as d e l ay e d
u n til it w as to o l ate to h o p e fo r su cc e ss J o h n st on k n e w th at it w ou ld b e .

m adn e ss to foll ow th e re t re ati n g N ati o n al s an d h u rl h is w e ari e d t r0 0 p s ,

ag ai n st th e stro n g d e fe n ses of Wash in gt o n b e hi n d w hich th e y w e re resti n g , ,

su ppo rt e d by fre sh so ldi ers Bu t h e w as an xi ou s to c arry o u t h is o rigi n al

.

p l an of c rossi n g th e Po t o m ac ab o v e th e N ati on al C apit al c u t off th at city s

’
,

c om m u n ic ati o n s w i th th e N o rth an d capt u re it by a vig orou s m o v em e n t in

,

th e re ar . B u t fo r a p u rsu it o r t h i s g ran d fl an k m o v e m en t th e re w e re tw o
, ,

e ssen ti al re q u i sit es l acki n g n am e ly a su ffici e n t c av al ry fo rc e an d m e an s o f

-

, ,

su b si st e n c e fo r w hich l ack C o n fe d e rat e e xp e rt s h o ld D avi s resp o n sibl e

,
It .

is ag re e d th at h e al w ay s see m e d to t ak e a d e light in th w arti n g th e w i sh es '

o f o th e rs ; an d w i th a m o st m i schi e v o u s o b sti nacy h e fo ll o w e d th e dic tates

of h is o w n w ill p assi on s an d c ap ric e rath e r th an th e c o u n se l s of j u dici o u s

, , ,

advise rs . T hi s di sp ositi o n w as c on spic u o u s in h is app o i n t m e n t to i m p o rt an t

offi c e s o f h is in c ap abl e p e rs on al an d po litic al fri e n d s ; an d th e b est o f th e C o n

fe d erat e arm y offic e rs d e cl are th at by h is i n t e rferen c e in d e t ail s h e w as a

, ,

O r tobl d th h att d w av th t l a h
en e s ere es a s

T h f t f th cl avi g
e ee ck o e e n ro ,

Wh th t m p t w lk th fac f th d p
en e e es a s e e o e ee ,

A d th watn pi it m ck
e e r- s r s o ,

A ths ac d chai t
e s it re n o re un e

I a p ac fu l li k g i :
n e e n a a n

O b i g h m t ad y m ay w i t
n o ur u rn n o es e s e r e,

W f d
‘
e U i m
ou n no n on en .
’
 WHY T HE C O NFEDERAT E ARM Y WA S IMM O VABLE ,
.

m arpl ot in th e w ay of m ili tary affai rs th rou gh ou t th e w ar At th e b e gi n .

n i n g h e app o i n t e d an i n c o m p e t e n t an d vici ou s c om p an i o n in arm s at a form e r - -

p e ri od n am e d N o rth rop to th e vit ally i m p ort an t p ost of Chi ef of S u b si st e n c e

, ,
.

T h i s w as d on e in th e fac e o f e arn e st p ro t est s ; an d n ow at th e fi rst m o ,

m en t o n s t ri al thi s Chi e f C om m i ssary s i n c ap acity w as fat ally c on spic u ou s

’
.
,

U n d er th e san cti on if n ot at th e c om m an d of D avi s h e refu sed to all o w h is

, ,

su b o rdi n at es to
p u rch ase su ppli e s fo r th e arm y at M an assas in th e fe rtil e

c ou n t ry adj ac en t b u t sen t oth ers to g ath e r th em in th e rear of th e arm y an d

, ,

forw ard th em in d aily d ol e s at h e avy e xp e n se by th e O ran g e an d Al e x an , ,

d ri a R ail way e xp ose d to th e vici ssit u d e s of w ar He all o w e d n o d ep o sit s of

,
.

su ppli es to b e e st abli sh e d n e ar th e arm y

; an d o n th e day o f th e b attl e B e au ,

reg ard h ad o n ly a sin gl e d ay s rati on s fo r h is t roop s F o r w eek s afte rw ard ’

’
.

thi s st at e of thi n g s c on ti n u e d an d it w as i m p ossibl e for th e arm y to m ov e ,

forward w i th safe ty u n d e r su ch ,

ci rc u m stan c e s T h e re it l ay at .
’

M an assas fo r m an y w ee ks its ,

offi c e rs ch afi n g w ith i m p ati e n c e ,

w hil st an i m m en se N ati on al arm y

w as g ath e ri n g an d o rg an izi n g ,

an d d rilli n g in fro n t of Wash

in gto n City J oh n st on m ad e h is .

h ead q u art ers at G rigsb y s h ou se -

’

in C e n t revill e He w as c om p e ll e d .
3

to c o n t e n t him se lf w i th sen din g

ou t sc ou ti n g an d fo ragi n g p arti es ,

ou m
o as av s nan d g u e rrill a b an d s Wh o s o me
’
ss, cs as v rn tn ,
“

ti m e s app roach e d w i thi n c ann on

sh o t o f th e N ati on al d e fen ses o n A rli n gt on He ight s .

T h e phy sic al di sabili ti e s of th e C o n fe d e rat es all u d e d to w e re p rob ably , , ,

n ot th e o n ly re ason s fo r th e i m m o bility of th e i r arm y aft e r th e b attl e D avi s .

an d h is asso ci at e s at Rich m on d w e ll k n e w th e st re n gth o f th e li o n of th e

N orth w hich th e i r w ick e d n e ss h ad arou se d T h e y h ad p ro m i se d th e i r d u p es

,
.

”
p e ac e abl e se c essi on b e c au se th e y th ou ght th at st re n g th w ou ld n ot b e p u t
,

forth T h e y fo u n d th e m se lv e s m i st ak e n an d th e i r c au se in g reat p eril an d

.
,
.

th e y w ell kn e w th at if th e y sh ou ld p u sh on to th e e xt re m ity of se izi n g Wash

,

in gton at th at ti m e it w ou ld so c on solid at e an d i n v ok e to t e rribl e acti on th e

,

p ow er of th e N orth th at th e c on spi rat ors w o u ld n ot h o ld th e N ati o n al C api

, .

tal te n d ay s n or p re v en t th e u tt e r e xt e rm i n ati o n of th e i n su rg en t arm i e s an d

, ,

th e d eso l ati on of th e i r t e rrit ori es by an e x asp e rat e d p e opl e T hi s m o ral .

e ff e ct th e y d re ad e d ; so th e y w e re c o n t e n t to h av e th e v an ity of th e i r fol

l o w ers g rati fi e d by th e accid en t of a vict ory at B u ll s R u n an d h o pe d to ’

,

acc om pli sh by n e g oti ati on an d c om p rom i se w h at th e y c ou ld n ot e xp e ct to

, ,

w in by arm s .

St t m t f G
1 a el T h m a J d a th chi f f B a a d t ff i Ha p
en o e n era M ga i
o xxxi
s or n, en e o e u re g r
’
s s a , n r er s
’
l z ne, .

610 J d a
. ay : F l
“
or b ght by p c l at i th V all y d L d w a ca i d t R ich m d l d t
n s s ou r ou s e u o rs n e e an on on s rr e o on so o
p t d back t M
,

th S b i t
e c B
u a d t
s s en e u re au, n ran s or e o an assas .
”

L t i A g t J h t
9 a e n w t t B a
u us ga d : I t i i m p ibl a th aff ai f th m m i i t a
, o ns on ro e o e u re r s oss e, s e rs o e co ssar a re

now m ag d t thi k f
an y th
e ,
m ilit a y c
o th a t ictly d f iv b a
n o an o er r o urse an s r e en s e se .
”

F m a ph t g aph by Al xa d Ga di
3 ro o o f W hi gt
r City e n er r n e r, o as n on .
 N EW O R G A N I Z AT I O N or T HE ARM Y or T HE P O T O MAC .
23

T h e N ati on al G
o v e rn m e n t n ow act e d w ith d e ci si o n an d e n e rgy .
G en eral
Mc C l e llan , w h o, w ith abl e sub ordi n at e s an d b rav e t roo p s, h ad m ad e a b rilli an t

an d su cc essfu l c am p aig n in West ern Vi rgi n i a w as su m m on e d to ,

Washi n gt on on th e day aft er th e B attl e of B u ll s R u n an d w i th “ ’

, ,

th e app rob ati o n o f th e p eopl e w h o w ere l ou dly sou n di n g h is ,

p rai ses h e w as pl ac e d in c om m an d of th e sh att e re d arm y at an d n ear th e

,

seat of G o v e rn m e n t G en eral McD o w ell lik e a t ru e soldi er g rac efully w ith

.
, ,

d re w an d o n th e 25 th of J u ly th e Adj u t an t G en e ral an n ou n c e d th e c re
, ,
-

ati on o f a G e o g raphic al D ivi si o n fo rm e d of th e D ep ar tm en ts o

f l Vash in gton ,

an d of iVo rth eastern Virg in ia u n d er th e y o u n g chi e ft ai n w ith h ead q u art ers , ,

-

at Washi n gt o n City .

O th e r ch an g es h ad al re ady b e en d e t e rm i n e d u p on O n th e .

an o rd er w as i ssu e d fro m th e War D e p art m e n t f or th e

”
1 9 th ,

h on orabl e di sch arg e from th e se rvic e of M aj or G e ne ral R ob ert Patt e rson -

on th e 2 7th w h en h is t e rm o f d u ty w o u ld e xpi re ; an d G e n eral N P

,
. .

B an k s th e n in c om m an d at B alti m ore w as di re ct e d to t ak e h is pl ac e
, ,

in ch arg e of th e D ep a r tm en t of th e S h en a n doah h e b e i n g reli e v e d by ,

G e n e ral J oh n A D ix T h ere w as a n e w arran gem en t of Milit ary D ep art

. .

m en t s an d Li e u t en an t G e n e ral Sc o tt w h o w as th e G e n e ral in Chi e f o f th e

1
,
-

,
- -

arm i e s g re atly di sabl e d by i n c reasi n g in fi rm itie s w as at h is o w n su gg esti on

, , , ,

re li e v e d fro m activ e d u ti es .

G en eral Mc C lell an t u rn e d o v er th e c om m an d o f th e arm y in West er n

Vi rgi n i a to B rig adi e r G en e ral R ose c ran s an d e n t e re d w ith z eal an d vig or
-

u p on th e ard u o u s t ask o f re o rg an izi n g th e arm y o f w hich h e t o o k ch arg e on ,

th e 2 7 th o f J u ly He b rou ght to th e se rvic e y o u th a sp otl ess m oral ch arac

.
, ,

te r ro b u st h e alth a sou n d th eo re tic al m ilit ary e d u c at ion w ith som e p ractic al

, ,

e xp e ri e n c e u n ti ri n g i n d u st ry th e p re stig e o f re c e n t su cc ess in th e fi e ld an d
, , ,

th e u n li m it e d c o n fid e n c e of th e l o y al p eo pl e He fou n d at h is di sp osal ab ou t .

fi fty th ou san d i n fan t ry l e ss th an on e th ou san d c av al ry six h u n d re d an d fifty

, ,

artill e ry m en an d thi rty pi e c e s o f c an n o n

,
He fou n d in th e m en e xc ell en t .
’
, ,

m at e ri al s o u t of w hich to fashi o n a fi n e arm y b u t in a disorg an iz e d an d com ,

p a rativ e l
y c ru d e c o n diti on H is fi rst c are w a s to e ff e ct a m o ral i m p ro v e m en t
.

by th orou gh di scipli n e ; an d th e n u n d e r th e san cti on of a re c e n t Act of ,

C on g re ss to w i n n o w th e offi c e rs of al l th e v ol u n t eer regi m en t s an d di sm i ss

, ,

al l i n c om p e t e n t s B y thi s p ro c e ss n o l ess th an th ree h u n d re d offi c ers w ere

.

c om p e ll e d to l e av e th e se rvic e in th e c ou rse o f a fe w m on th s
'

Havi n g l aid th e m oral fou nd ati o n s for an e ffi ci e n t arm y org an izati on ,

Mc C l ell an p ro c ee d e d w ith skill an d vig or to m old h is m at eri al s i n t o p erfe ct

s y m m e t ry He m ad e th e re gi m e n t a u n it
. F ou r reg im en t s c om p ose d a .

b rig ad e an d th ree b rig ad es a divi si on E ach divi si on h ad fou r b att eri es

,
.

th re e se rv e d by v o l un t ee rs an d o n e by re gu l ars ; th e c apt ai n of th e l att er

c o m m an di n g th e e n ti re artille ry of th e divi si on With th e assi st an c e of .

M aj ors Willi am F B arry an d J G B arn ard h e o rg an iz e d artill e ry an d eu

. . .
,

in ee rin t bli sh m e n ts n d th e d rag o on s m ou n t e d rifl e m e n an d c av al ry

‘

g g e s a a , ,

1 c ti f W hi gt
Th e ou n d A ll gh y i M yl
es o d w add d t th D p tm t f th S h a
as n on an e en , n ar an , ere e o e e ar en o e en n

d ah c at d
o th 1 9 th f J ly w ith h ad q
re e on t i th fi l d ; d th m i d f M yl d d all f
e o u e -
u ar e rs n e e an e re a n er o ar an . an o

Pen n s
,

ylv i a a d D l w c tit t d th D p tm t f P
an n e a y b m ia h
are,d q t t B lti m
on s
A
,

u e e e ar en o en n s va ,
ea -
u ar ers a a ore .

B dw l
oar t bli h d t thi ti m f th x m i ti f ll ffic f V l t
as a so e s a s e gi m t
a s e or e e a na on o a o ers o o u n e er re en s.

G
2 l M Cl ll a R p t t th S c ta y f W A g t 4 1 868
e n era c e n s
’

e or o e e re r o ar, u us ,
.
 T IIE DEFEN E S S OF T HE NA T I O N A L CAP I TAL .

w e re g an iz e d u n d e r th e g en e ral n am e of c av al ry T o M ajor B arry

al l re o r .

w e re i n t ru st e d th e d e t ail s o f th e artill e ry est abl ish m e n t ; an d M aj o r B arn ard

w as di re ct e d to c on st ru ct a sy st e m of d e fe n se s for Washi n gt o n City o n bo th ,

s id e s o f th e P o t o m ac I n th e c o u rse o f a.f e w m o n th s e v e ry c o n sid e rabl e

i c e in th e e m n en

v ici n ity of th
N ati o n al C ap i
tal w as c ro w n e d w ith
a fo rt o r re d o u bt w e ll

m o u n t ed E arly in th e .

fo ll o w i n g y e ar th e n u m
b e r o f th e se w o rk s w as
fi f ty tw o w h o se n am es -

an d l o c ati o n s are i n di

c ate d th e ae c o m
MA S HOW N G H EFENS ES O F W ASH N G O N on
P I T E D I T .
’
p an yi ng m ap T hi s .

stem o f w ork s w as so c o m pl e t e th at at n o ti m e af te rw ard d u ri n g th e w a r

y , , ,

did th e C on fe d erat e s e v er se ri ou sly att em pt to assail th em A t n o ti m e w as .

th e C apit al in d an g e r from e xt e rn al f e e s .

Th e w ork of org an iz ati on w as p e rfo rrrie d w ith su ch e n e rgy th at in th e ,

pl ac e of a raw an d di sorg an iz e d arm y of ab o u t fi fty th o u san d m e n in an d ,

arou n d Washi n gt on City at th e cl o se o f J u l

“
t h e re w as at th e
1 861
4 .
y , , ,

e n d of fifty d ay s a forc e o f at l e ast o n e h u n d re d th ou san d m e n ,

,

w ell org an iz e d an d offi c e re d e q u ipp e d an d di scipli n e d O f th ese fu ll se v e n ty

,
.
,

fi v e th ou san d w e re th en in a c o n di ti o n to b e pl ac e d in c o l u m n for activ e

o p e rati on s T h e en ti re fo rc e u n d er Mc C l e ll an s c o m m an d at th at ti m e ih
’
.
, ,

cl u di n g th ose u n d er D ix at B alti m ore w as o n e h u n d re d an d fi fty tw o th ou

, ,
-

1
cc d i g t G
A or l O d i d by M Cl
n o en era r e rs ssue c e l l an o n th e 33th S pt m b
of e e e r, 1 861 , in w hich th e n am e s an d
l cati
o f th
on s o f t w d ig t d thi ty tw
e se or s ere es na e , r -
o of th e m w e re th c m pl t d
en o e e . At th e b gi i g
e nn n of De c
em ~
ber f ty ight w fi i h d
or -
e e re n s e .
 T HE ARM Y O F T HE P O T O MAC .
25

san d m en , be t w een e ight an d n i n e th o u san d w e re sick or ab se n t

of w h om .

T his n u m be r w as c o n ti n u ally i n c re ase d u n til on th e fi rst of M arch 1 8 6 2 , , , ,

w h e n th e arm y w as p u t in m oti o n its g ran d t o t al w as tw o h u n d re d an d ,

t w e n ty tw o th o u san d o f w h o m ab ou t thirty th o u san d w e re sick o r ab se n t

-

, .
‘

S u ch w as th e forc e w i th w hich G e n e ral Mc C l el l an w as fu rn i sh e d fo r th e fi rst

c am p aig n in Vi rgi n i a afte r th e B attl e of B u ll s R u n It w as kn o w n as th e ’
.

”
G R A N D A R M Y O F T H E P or o rrA c w h o se e xi st e n c e w as a w on d er , .

O n e o f th e m ost se ri o u s di ffi c u l ti e s e n c o u n te re d by th e G o v e rn m en t at ,

th e be gi n n i n g o f th e w ar w as a l ack o f arm s We h av e se e n h o w S ec ret ary ,

.

F l oyd st rippe d th e arse n al s an d arn ro ries in th e F ree l ab o r St at es an d fill e d -

th ose o f th e Sl av e l abo r St at es w h e n p re p arati o n s w e re m aki n g fo r re be llion

-
, .
3

T h e arm o ri es at Harpe r s F e rry an d Sp ri n gfi e ld w e re th e p ri n cip al o n e s o n

’

w hich th e G o v e rn m e n t c o u ld re ly fo r th e m an uf act u re o f sm all arm s The .

form e r w as d e st ro y e d in Ap ril an d th e l att e r c o u ld n o t su pply a tith e of th e ,

de m an d It w as n e c essary to se n d to E u rop e fo r arm s ; an d C o l o n e l G eo rg

.

“
L Sch u yl e r w as app o i n t e d an ag e n t fo r th e p u rp ose w ith spe cific
“
.
,

i n st ru c ti on s fro m th e S e c re tary o f f
ar He p u rch ase d .

rifl e s ,
re v o lv e rs c av al ry c arbi n e s an d sab e rs , , ,

at an agg re g at e c o st o f It w as n o t l on g be fo re th e p riv at e an d
N ati o n al arm o ri es of th e U n i te d S tat e s w e re abl e to m ee t all d e m an d s .

5
T h e l o ss o f o v e r tw o th o u san d c an n on at th e G o spo rt N av y Y ard w as a
se ri o u s o n e ; b u t th e fo u n d ri e s o f th e c o u n t ry soo n su ppli e d th e G o v e rn m e n t

w ith al l th at w e re re q u i re d .

”
O f th e ab se n t so ldi e rs all u d e d to m ore th an tw o th o u san d w e r at ,
i
,

th e ti m e in q u e sti o n in th e l o ath so m e p ri so n s o f th e C o n fe d e rat e s an d

, ,

su ff e ri n g i n t e n se ly fro m c rue l t reat m e n t an d p ri vati on s of e v e ry ki n d .

A l arg e p orti on o f th e se p ri so n e rs w e re c ap tu re d at th e B attl e of B u ll s ’

R un T h e se w e re t ak e n b y rail w ay to R ich m o n d o n th e 23d an d 24th

.

of J u ly A m on g th e fi rs t w h o arriv e d th ere w as Alfre d El y m e m be r of

.
fi
,

C on g re ss from th e St at e of N e w Y o rk an d C alvi n Hu son h is riv al can ,

6
,

In a M e m o ran d
hich G
um l M Cl lla b m it t d t th P i d t
w e n era c e n su e o e re s en ,
on th e 4th of Au g t
us , 1 861 , h e
sa id : For th e m a i m y f p ati
n ar I g th f ll w i g c m p iti
o o er o n s, ur e e o o n o os on

250 gim t f i f t y ayre en s o n an r ,

s

1 00 fi l d batt i 600 g e e r e s, u ns

28 gi m t f cav l y re en s o a r

b egim t gi r p e n s en nee r roo s

tal m To en .
"

ai d G h t a ti m w ill h aft b ga d d
Th c a ti f chre a a m y “
on o l M Cl l l
su i n r s en e ra c e an, n so s or e, ere er e re r e as
e ,

h high t gl i f th A d m i i t ati ati thi ga iz ti f th at a m y ”

one f t o e es a d th
or e s o I e d h
n s r on n e n on . n s or n a on o r
,
an t e

d i cipli w hich it c iv d d i g th v m th that it m ai d t W hi gt City a d i th vici ity

s ne re e e ur n e se en on s re ne a as n on n n e n ,

w m ay f i ly l o k f
e a r th g o d w k f th or cc e w hich it achi v d l
ro u n g aft wa d t th gl y f th
or o o se su e sse s e e on er r , o e or o e

A dm i i t ti
n s ra d th a ti
o n an e n on .
”

S v l m I p g 121
ee o u e a e .

C l l Sch l c l d t p c a m i E gl d a d F a c h i i val a d a g at p ti
o on e u y er ou no ro u re f r s n n an n r n e on s arr , n re er or on o

th m w p ch d G m y H b ght
e e re ur ase i fl i Vi
er a d
an i D .
d O f th S m ll
e ou r es n e n n a, n n re s e n . e
"
a

ar m A s ci ti “ i E gl d h p c d
sso a on . n E fi ld ifl
n an Th ,
v lv w p ch d i F a c a d
e ro u re n e r es . e re o e rs e re ur as e n r n e n

B lgi m ; al
e u cav l y c bi ; d th ab w b ght i G m y T h gh th i t f c f
so a r ar nes an e s e rs e re ou n er an . ro u e n e r e re n e o

C f d at g t i F c th F ch G v m t w l d t all w y a m t b e t k by ith p ty
on e er e a en s n ran e , e re n o ern en ou no o an r s o a e n, e er ar ,

f m it a
ro sl —S R p t f C l l Sch yl t th S c ta y f W A p il 8 1 862
rse na s ee e or o o on e u er o e e re r o ar, r , .

S v l m I p g 89 7
ee o u e a e
t t
.
, .

M E ly w a r. f th civili s one om ti d i th fi t v l m f thi w k ( mg

e
wh w
an s, en on e n e rs o u e o s or o o en ou 88 3

spectat f th B ttl f B ll R
or o e a H w capt d by m S th Ca li t p w h a c tai d h i
e o u
'

s un . e as ure so e ou ro na roo s, o s er ne s

n am e d p iti
an d c os d ct d
on, h im t th
an i c l l
on E B C C hu f S th eC li a T h at ffic w
o e r o on e . as ,
o ou aro n . o er as

xcit d by li q a d d awi g h i pi t l wa ab t t h t th p i
. .
,

e e uor, n , r n wh th s th i t f d M E ly
s o ,
s ou o s oo e r soner, en e o e rs n e r e re . r .
26 NATI O N AL PRI S O N ERS IN RI C HM O N D .

didate for th e sam e oflic e , a cc om p an i e d by C o l on e l Mich ae l C o rco ran an d

forty o th e r offi c e rs an d a ,
l arg e n u m b e r of p riv at e so l diers It w as at ab ou t .

ten o cl o ck o n a m o on lit
’
,

e v e n i n g w h e n th e y re ach ,

e d th e c ity w h e re an im ,

rn e n se c ro w d h ad asse m
ble d A m id th e scoff s an d
.

som e ti m e s c u rse s o f th e
p op u l ac e th e y w e re m arch ,

e d th re e fou rth s o f a m il e -

to Harw oo d s l arg e t ob acc o

’

fact o ry o n M ai n St ree t , ,

n e ar T w e n ty fi fth St ree t -
.

It w as a b rick b u il di n g
P ISO N
,
O W 8 T U B AG C A 8 8 11 0 0 ! R
h astily p re p are d fo r th e
.

o cc asi o n I n t o it o ffic e rs an d m en w e re th rus t to th e n u m be r o f m o re th an

.
,

six h u n d re d an d th e y w e re so cl ose ly h u ddl e d th at it w as diliic u l t for an

y
o n e to l ie d o w n N o d oubt thi s w as th e b e st arran g em en t th at c ou ld be
.

m ad e i mm e di at e ly fo t th e un e xp e ct e d c aptiv es .

O n th e fo ll o w i n g m orn i n g th e office rs w ere w ait e d u po n by J ol m H .

Wi n de r a sto u t g ray h aire d m an from M arylan d an d l at e ly a li e u t e n an t

, ,
-

, ,

c o l on e l by b re v e t in th e N ati on al Arm y
,
He w as n o w a C o n fe d e rat e
, .

b rig adie r ge n e ral in c omm an d o f th e -

p ost at R ich m on d an d appe ared for ,

th e fi rst ti m e o n th e th e at e r o f th e
Re b e lli on as C om m i ssary G e n e ral of -

p ri son e rs in w hich c ap acity h e act ed ,

th ro ugh o u t th e w ar an d g ai n e d for ,

hi m self th e m ost u n e n viabl e n o t o ri e ty .

He p ro m i se d th e p riso n e rs be tt e r q u ar
t ers an d on th at day th e o ffic e rs w ere ,

re m o v e d to an adj o in in g b u ildin g ,

w h ere th e y h ad a littl e m ore room ,

light an d air ; b ut n e ith e r ch ai r n or ,

b en ch to sit u p on n o r b e d to l ie u p on , .

Fo r a sh ort ti m e th e y e n t e rt ain e d
h o pe s o f a spe e dy re l e ase an d a co n
J O HN W N E R . I D R.
side rab l e n u m b e r o f m e n som e w h at ,

di sti n gu ish e d in th e p olitical w orld vi sit e d Mr E ly an d m ad e ab u n dan t , .

,

p ro m i s e s o f a id w hich th e y n e v e r f ulfi ll e d 8
Y e t th e re w e re a fe w p erson s
, .

w c m p ll d t w alk t th ail way at M a a ab t v m il ; a d a B a ga d h d q a t h

a s o e e o o ‘
e r an ss s, ou se en es n ne r e u re r s ea
, -
u r ers. e,

ma ch d t th
w th C c a a d v al ffic p t th ight i ld ba n f m w hich th y w ail w y
i o r or n n se er o e rs, s e n e n n an o r ro e e re r e o e r a
stati a d t t R ich m d
on n se n o on .
,

I th A pp d ix t M E ly J
1 n e n al k pt deni g hi i m p i m t may b f d a c m pl t l i t f all
o r
‘
s our e ur n s r so n
.
, en e o un o e e s o
fi d w ith h im
,
th B ll pi ‘
e R u wh w
s un
.
r so n e rs o e re C o n ne .

O ’
th day aft
n h i a iv l i R ich m
e d M E ly at th q t f h i f ll w p i m p pa d a
er s rr a n on . r. , e re ue s o s e o -
r so n e re re
p titi t th P i d t q ti g i m m d i t t p t b tak by th G v m t f th i l a I t was
e on o e re s en , re u es n e a e s e s o e en e o ern en or e r re e se
ig d by th ffic d wa f w d d
.

s ne e o e rs, an s or ar e .

3
Am g th w M rs K itt a d B yc f S th Ca li a a d P y a d B c ck f Vi gi i a w h
on e se e re ess e n o e, o ou ro n n
.
r or n o o o r n , o
M E ly f ll w m mbe i th T hi ty ixth C g ss a d w
,
w
w cc pyi g at i th “w n d
’
ere r s e o e
-
rs n e r -s
on re n ere n o o u n se s n e o e
C f d at C g s
on e er e on res
,
 T HE ACTI O N O F CON GRESS .
27

in R ichm on d wh o
did n ot on ly p ro m ise b u t afford ed all th e aid in th e i r ,

r to th e Un i o n p ri son e rs at this ti m e an d e v e r afterw ard s

‘
p o w e ,
.

T h e p ri so n e rs in Richm on d w ere soon c on vin c e d th at th e t ob acc o w are

h ouse w o u ld b e th e ir h om e fo r so m e ti m e A s th e d ay s w o re w earily aw ay .
,

th e ir su ff e ri n g s in c re ased f or th e i r t re at m en t bec am e l e ss h u m an e Y e t th e y ,
.

did n ot yi e ld to m e l an ch o ly T here w e re so m e i rre p re ssibly b uo y an t spi rit s .

am o n g th e m an d e v e ry thi n g po ss ibl e to b e d on e to re n d e r th e i r sit u ati o n

,

e n d u rabl e w as e m pl o y e d T h e y form e d a cl u b c all e d f il e R ic h m on d P rison

,
.

“ n
A ssoc iation of w hich Mr E ly w as m ad e P re sid e n t a d at th e ir
, .
,

fi rs t m ee ti n g h e ld o n th e day o f o rgan izati o n th e y w e re e n li

, ,
’
v en ed by spe e ch es so n gs an d t o ast s T h i s w as th e m ore ag ree , ,
.

abl e b e gi n n i n g of th at t e rribl e p ri so n lif e to w hich t en s o f th o u san d s o f th e -

'

N ati o n al t roop s w e re e xpo se d d urin g th e w ar of w hich m o re w ill b e re c ord e d ,

h e reaft e r .

T h e T hi rty se v e n th C o n g re ss h ad bee n in sessi on m ore th an a fo rt n ight

-

w h en th e b attl e o f B u ll s R u n w as fo ught an d th e y h ad al re ady m ad e se v e ral

’
,

e n act m en t s p re p arat ory to th e vig o ro u s p ro se c u ti o n of th e w ar Y e t th e y .

3

w ere n ot u n m i n dfu l of th e i r o blig ati o n s to h um an i ty to e n d e av or to se c u re ,

peace by an y j ust an d h o n o rabl e m e an s A s w e h av e ob se rv e d a reso l uti on .

4

“
.
,

w as i n t ro d u c e d i n to th e Ho u se o f R e p rese n t ativ e s by Mr C rit

5 J ly 1 9
.
,
u .

te n d e n d e cl ari n g th e so l e o bj e ct o f th e G o v e m m e n t in w agi n g
,

w ar to b e th e p re se rv ati o n o f th e U n i o n an d th e vi n dic ati on of th e

N ati o n al auth o ri ty “
It w as laid o v er u n til M on d ay th e 22d an d”
.
, ,

in th e m e an ti m e th e b at tl e at B u ll s R u n w as fo ught N o t w ith st an di n g ’
.

th e N ati on al C a pit al w as fill e d w i th fugitiv e s fro m a sh att e re d arm y an d it ,

i ti g i h d am g th b f cm w re M J h Va L w a d h da g ht M Va L w was a
1 D s n u s e on ese e nc s rs e rs . o n n e n er u er . r
s. n e n

ag d e l thy w i d w w h liv d i a fi m a i
an d w ea Ch ch Hill Wa m ly d v t d t th U i a d a i
o ,
o e n ne n s on on ur . r e o e o e n on , n n

mat d by th m ost g
e us i m p l
e f h ma ity th w m c ti d th ugh t th w a m cif l m i i
e nero u se s o u n , e se o en on n ue , ro ou e r, er u n s

tati
r f th c m f t f th N ati al
o ns or e l d i ta vi g an d fr z i g i Libby pri a d B l l I l T h y
o or o e on so e rs s r n ee n n son n on e e s e. e

su fl d th m t wi th i g s ci al p
'

ere e ip ti
os a d c iv d th m t v lga b f m th p litic ia a d th
er n o re scr on. n re e e e os u r a use ro e o ns n e

p f R ich m d
re ss o Th y w b a d d a S th w m with N th
on . y m pathi ; a d
e f th R ich
e re r n e s ou e rn o en or e rn s es n on e o e

m d pap
on w ith cha act i tic c a
e rs, a d iii b d i g ai d : If s ch p pl d t wi h t b xp s d
r er s o rse n e ss n -
ree n , s u eo e o no s o e e o e

a d d alt w i th a
n e li mi t th i c s at y th y w l d d w ll t t tick whil th y a d w ith af ty
e n e ne es o e r oun r ,
e ou o e o cu s e e c n o so s e

t th i w thl ca ca am p ap l gy f S th chiv l y a d fi m t O th
” "
o e r or I th e ss wa a r sse s . n e s e er s eu o o ou e rn a r n re ne en . n e

lip f ma y a d yi g p i
s o n ling d a bl i g f those h abl w m
n r so n e r e re ess n or o n or e o e n.
”

F a mu acc or t f p i lif i thi Rich m d t bacc w h o un o E ly J a l ; Li t a t

r so n - e n s on o o are ou se , se e
’
s ou rn eu e n n

Harris s P rison Lif e i n R ichmo nd ; F l e e Mon t R im

‘
h s i n R ob el do m, or N otes f rom t h e D ia ry of a B u ll s
‘

P risone r ; an d G enera l Corcora n s atp tim ty Am o n th e ear r so n e rs w as Lie u te nan t I saa

‘ '

. g ly p i c W Ha t f . r o

i p i h
I n d ana w o se ra se w as on th e iip sp f all h is e o w ca e s, be ause o f h is o er o w n s r s. f ll ptiv c -
v fl i g pi i t vi city M d va
. i

wit H t l d f
. y t i a d gg d
e o un n s o r es n su n oo son s. g O c m p sed by hi m s lf l way p v k d h p ful f li g
ne o o e ,
a s ro o e o e ee n s

wh h
en a g it I twas
e s n tit l d “T h Pri. en e e son er s S g an d its bu d n wa th e p rospe ct f a pe d y xchan g
’
on ,
”
r e s o s e e e.

I t c cl d i g W d w
s on u n or s ere 1

“A d w h w a i v i th La d f th F
n en e rr e n e n o e ree ,

T h y w ill m il a d w lc m a j yfully ;
e s e n e o e s o

A d wh w thi k f th R b l ba d
n en e n o e e e n ,

W ll p at m tt B it a d b da m d
e
’
re e o ur o o es n e ne .

T his m tt w a th ol f th P i A ciati w hich w a d aw with

o s on e se a o e r so n s so o n, s r n

ap an d attach d t a h c tifi a t
e n, f m mb hi p T h a x d c py i f m
e o e c er c e o e e rs . e n ne e o s ro

ab k co tai i g th a t g aph f a m b f th fli w h w captiv at

oo n n n e u o r s o nu er o e o ce rs o e re es

that tim I tmay h e . b m ti d th t M H wh xp i c d th ki d

ere e en one a r . uson, o e er e n e e n

h pital i ty f M Va L w a d h f m ily d i d whil i p i

os o rs. M E ly w a
n e n er a , e e n r so n . r. s

aft w a d
er xcha g d f Cha l Jam F lk w h wa th
r e n e i d t Mi i t
or r es es au n e r, o s e res en n s er

o f th R p bl ic t th F
e e uch C t w h B cha a ti d f m ffi c a d wh
a e ren o ur en u n n re re ro o e, n o,

hi t th U it d S tat s wa a t d a d im p iso d d a cha g m eow assoou rxon mm

'
o n t s re urn o e n e e , s rr
es e n r ne un er r e .

o f c m pli ci ty i th sch m es f th con pi at rs

o n e e o e s r o .

See chapt xx iv v l m I er .
, o u e .

See v l ume L page 5 73 o , .

28 VI G O RO U S ME ASUR E S P R OPO SE D IN C O N G R E SS .

believed by m ny th t the s e a t o f G o ve rnment w as a t t h e me rcy o f it s

w as a a
enemie s C ong re ss o n M o nd ay delibe rated as c almly as if assu red of pe rfect
, , ,

fety C ittenden s e l ti n d pted by v te f 1 1 7 t 2 nd

Mr r w o ; a
’ o
r so u o a s a o a o
sa . .

d y s fte w d “ identic al with it p as sed the Sen ate by

tw o a a r a r s o n e ,
J ly 24 a v ote almost as de i sive
a u
It w a s s u ch a so lemn decl arati o n o f the
‘
c
,
.

1 86 1 .

G ove rnm e nt th at the c on spi rat ors we re spe akin g fal sely when
ch arging th at G o ve rnment with w aging w ar for the su bj u g ati o n of the S ou the rn
St ate s the em ancip ati o n o f the sl ave s an d the c onfi sc ati o n o f p ro p e rty th at it
, , ,

w a s n ot a o ll wed to be p u bl i s hed withi n the b o u n d s o f the C o nf e de ra cy The . .

w rite r w as so informed by S ou the rn m en of i n tell i gence an d th at th e y n ev e r ,

he ard of the re s o l u ti on u n til the w ar h ad ce ase d ; al so th at h ad its d e cl arati on s ,

been kn o wn m u ltit u de s w ou ld h ave p au sed i n thei r rebelli ou s c aree r an d th e

,
,

te rrible de sol ati o n of the S ou th might h ave be e n p revented Thi s w as wh at .

th e o c n spi ra t o rs w h o h a d r e so lved o n r u le,

o r r u in j u stly fe a re d
,
.

"
O n the s ame day the H o u se O f R e p re sent ativ e s by an alm ost -

,
6 J ly 22
u
u n anim o u s v ote anticip ated the wi she s o f the l o y al pe o ple by
.

decl aring th at the m ainten ance o f the C on stit u ti o n the p re se rv ati o n o f the ,

Uni on an d the enforcement o f th e l aw s are s ac re d t ru st s w hich m u st be

,

exec u ted ; th at n o di saster sh all di sc ou rage u s fro m the m o st ample p er

form an ce of thi s high d u ty an d th at we pledge to th e c o u n t ry an d the w o rld
the empl o yment o f eve ry re so u rce n ati o n al an d individ u al fo r the sup , ,
”
p re ss i o n ove rth row an d p u n ishment of R ebel s in arm s
, ,
.

O n the same sad day a bill re po rted by th e J u dici ary C o mmittee ,

on the 2otb p rovidi n g fo r the c onfi sc ati o n of p ro p e rty u sed for in su rrec
,

tion ary p u rp o s e s w as c on side red in the Sen ate to wh ich Mr T ru mb u ll

, ,
.
,

o f Illin o i s the ch ai rm an O f th at c o mmittee off e red an am e ndment p ro

, , ,

v idin th a t the m a ste r O f an s l a ve w h o sh o u ld empl o y him f o r su ch p u r

g y
p ose sh ou ld forfe it al l right to h is s e rvice o r l ab or the re afte r It w as ad o pted .

by a v ote of 33 ag ain st 6 When thi s b ill re ached the Lo we r H o u se on the 2d .

,

o f A u g u st it met with st ren u o u s o pp ositi o n e sp e ci ally T ru mb ul l s amend

’
, ,

ment fro m C rittenden an d B u rnet of Kent u cky Vall an digh am Pendl e t on

, , , , ,

an d C o x of O hi o an d Diven o f N ew Y o rk chiefly o n the g ro u n d th at it

, , , ,

w ou ld c onfi rm the belief Of the S l av e h o lde rs th at the w ar w as w ag e d fo r the

em ancip ati on of thei r S l ave s an d as a c o n s e q u ence w ou ld p ro d u ce g re at , , ,

ex aspe ratio n an d inc re ase the rig ors of w ar with o u t inc re asi n g the me an s fo r
,

the s u cc e ss of the army Mr C rittenden w as O ppo sed to the p assage of an y . .

”
pen al l aw s Sh all we send forw ard to the fi e ld h e asked
.
a w h o l e c at a , ,

l og u e of p e n al l aw s to fight thi s b attle with ? A rm s m o re imp o tent we re

'

neve r re sorted to They are bene ath the digni ty of o u r g re at c au se Th ey

. .

are o u t s ide o f the p o licy which o u ght to c o n t ro l thi s G o v e m m e n t an d le ad

,

us o n t o su cce ss in the w ar we are n o w fighting If you h old u p befo re you r .

enem i e s thi s cl ou d of pen al l aw s they will say War is bette r th an pe ace

.

, ,

w ar i s c om p arative rep ose They will say when they are su bd u ed or if they .
’
,

ch oos e n ow to s u bm it Wh at next ? Have we pe ac e or is thi s n e w army ,

‘
,

g tiv w B cki i dg a d P w ll f K t cky ; J h

T he ne a es e re
a re nr e n o e ,
o en u o nson nd Polk , ofT m b ll
Mi sso u r i; an d ru u ,

of Illi i T h l at t pp d i t b ca
no s .
f th p a tic l a w d i g f th fi
e er o o se e u se o e r u r or n o e rs t cl d i d th v lt w a
au se , an sa ,
e re o s
occa i d i m y pi i by p pl w h a
s on e , n th i thi vici ity
o n o n, eo e o re n o e re , n or n s n . It w t t d i S th C li a
as s ar e n ou aro n .

I thi k th
n l ti li m it it t a cl a f p
e re so u th i a m a
on s o ss o e rson s ose
‘
n r s ro un d th CaPital W1 W mm th
e
’
10 e re e
origi at f thi R b lli
n o rs o s e e on.
”
 CO N FI S CA TI O N ,
EM AN CI A P TI O N ,
A ND PEA CE .
29

of pe n al l aw s then to c ome int o acti on A re the s e pe n al l aw s to infli ct u po n

u s a l o ng ag o ny o f p ro s ec u ti o n an d forfeit u re ? N o gentlemen it is n ot by ’
, ,

su ch mean s th at we are to achieve the g re at Obj ect o f e st abli shing ou r U ni o n

an d re u niting the c o u nt ry S ir the se l aw s w ill h ave n o efiic ac y in w ar
.
,
.

Thei r o nly e ff ect will be to stim u l ate y o u r adve rsarie s to still m ore de spe rate
”
me as u re s Th at will be the e ff ect o f thi s army of pen al l aw s
. .

Mr S teven s of Penn sylv ani a s t ren u o u sly adv o c at e d the bill an d e spe
.
, , ,

c iall
y M r Tru mb u ll s amendment c o nce rni n g the fre e d o m o f s l ave s empl o yed
.
’

fo r in su rrecti o n ary p u rp ose s ; an d in reply to the asse rti o n s th at the in su r ,

gent s w o u ld n e ve r su bmit th at they c o u ld n o t be c o n q u e re d th at they w ou ld

, ,

suff e r them se lv e s to be sl au ghte red an d th e i r wh o le c ou nt ry to be l aid

”
w as te he said “ S ir w ar i s a g ri e v o u s thi n g at be st an d civil w ar m ore
, , , ,

than an y o the r ; b u t if they h old thi s l ang u ag e an d th e me an s which th e y ,

h ave su gg e st e d m u st be re so rted to if thei r w h o le c o u nt ry m u s t be l aid ,

w aste an d m ade a de se rt in o rd e r to save thi s U ni o n fro m d e s t ru cti o n so let ,

it be I w o u ld rathe r S ir red u ce th e m to a c o nditi o n whe re th e i r wh ole

.
, ,

c ou nt ry is to be peo pl e d by a b and of fre em e n th an to see them pe rp e t rate

the de st ru cti o n o f thi s pe o ple th ro u gh ou r agency I w arn S o u the rn .

g e ntlemen th at if thi s w ar is to c o ntin u e the re will be a time whe n my fr ien d ,

fro m N ew Y o rk [ Mr D ivc n ] will see it decl ared by thi s fre e n ati o n th at

.

eve ry b o nd sm an in th e So u th— be l onging to a re b e l re c o llect ; l c o nfine it to ,

them— S h all be c all e d u po n to aid us in w ar ag ain st thei r m ast e rs an d to ,

re s t o re thi s T he bill w as rec o mmitted to the C o mmittee o n the

J u dici ary an d o n the foll o wing day it w as re po rt e d b ack with
,
‘

Tru mb u ll s amendment so m o dified as to incl u d e only th o se sl ave s

’

wh ose l abo r fo r in su rrecti o n ary p u rpo se s w as empl o yed in an y “

military or n av al se rvice ag ain st the G ove rn ment an d au th o rity O f th e U nit ed
St ate s ”
. WVith the amendment so m o difi ed the bill w as p asse d by a v o te of ,

6 0 ag ain s t 48 When it w as re t u rn e d to the Sen ate it w as c o nc u rred in

“
.
, ,

o n m o ti o n o f M r T ru mb u ll an d w as p assed
. by a v ote of 24 ,
5 A
g 6 u
ag ain st 1 1 The P re sident s sign at u re to it m ade it law o n the ’ . .

same day This w as the fi rst ac t o f C o ng re ss afte r the b e ginning of the w ar

.
, ,

c o n ce rning the em ancip atio n of sl av e s an d the c o nfi sc ati o n of p rope rty .

We h av e al re ady ob se rved the pe ace p ro po siti o n s of Val lan digh am of ,

O hi o an d Woo d of N ew Y ork
, ,
9
The se we re fo ll o wed l ate r i n the se ssi on
.
, ,

afte r Cl arke o f N ew H amp shi re h ad asked an d o bt ained le ave o f the Sen ate
, ,

to off e r a j o int re s o l u ti o n d e cl arat o ry o f th e dete rmin ati o n o f C o ng re ss to m ain

t ain the s u p rem acy of the G o ve rnment an d integ ri ty o f th e U ni on by p rop os i ,

ti o n s fo r s ec u ring pe ace an d rec onc il iati o n by friendly measu re s O ne of the se .

,

o ff e red i n th e H ou se of R ep re s ent ative s by S S C o x o f O hi o p ro p o sed the . .

, ,

appo intment o f a c o mmittee c o mp o s ed o f o n e membe r o f C o ng re ss fro m e ach

,

St ate w h o S h o u ld rep o rt to the H ou se at the next se ssio n su ch amendm ent s

, , ,

to the N ati o n al C on stit u ti o n as sh o u ld “ assu age all griev ance s an d b ring

abo u t a rec o n st ru cti o n o f the n ati on al u nity al so the appo intment O f a

c o mmittee for th e p u rpo s e o f p rep aring su ch adj ustment an d a c onfe renc e ,

Co ngress h e A n ti sla very M easu res of t

ion a l G lob e, Aug 2, 1 86 1 ; Histo ry Qf t . h e T h ir ty -seven t
h - a nd
h M or m on,
T hirty -ei ght e n a or e nr W son, a er
by S t H y il ch pt I .

V l m
o u e L, pag e 5 73 .
 FIN A N CIAL M EAS U RES O F T HE G O V ERNMEN T .

r e q u i site for th at p u rp ose c omp os ed of seven citiz en s wh o m he n amed w h o

, , ,
1

sh o u ld re q u e st the app o intm e n t o f a sim i l ar c om mittee

“ from the so c alled -

C onfede rate St ate s the tw o c ommi ssi on s to meet at L ou i sville Ke n t u cky

”
, , ,

on the fi rs t M ond ay in Septembe r fo ll o wing T hi s w as fo ll owed by a p rop o .

s iti ou from W P J ohn son of Mi ssou ri to rec ommend the G o vern ors of the
. .
, ,

s eve ral St ate s to c o nvene the re spective leg i sl at u re s for the p u rp ose of
c alling an electi o n to select tw o deleg at e s from e ach C o ng re ssi on al di st rict ,

to meet in c o nve n ti o n at L ou i sville on th e s ame day

“to devi se me as u re s ,

for the re st orati o n of pe ace to ou r c ou nt ry ”

T he se an d al l othe r p rop osi .
,

ti on s of like n at u re C on g re ss refu sed to ente rt ain f or th e y we re sati sfied

, ,

th at the c on spi rat ors w h o h ad appe aled to the arbit rame n t of the s w ord
, ,

w ou ld n ot li sten to the v oice of p at ri oti sm The j u dgment of the m aj o rity .

w as in c on so n ance with a re sol u ti on w hich Mr Div e n Of N ew Y ork p rop o sed .

, ,
“
to offe r n amely : Th at at a time when an armed rebelli o n is th re atening
, ,

the integ rity of the U n i o n an d the o ve rth row Of the G ove rnment an y an d ,

al l re so l u ti o n s or rec o mmend ati o n s d e signed to m ake te rm s with arme d

r ebel s are eithe r c o w ardly or t re as o n able

”
T hey rec ognized w ar as exi sting .

in all its h i de ou sne ss in the b oso m of the n ati o n an d leg i sl ated acc ordingly ,
'
.

Acting u p on the rec ommend ati o n of the Sec ret ary of the T re asu ry
( M r Ch ase
) C o n g r e ss au th o rized a l o an o f
.
,

for which b ond s an d T re asu ry

n ote s we re to be i ssu ed The b ond s we re to .
‘

be i rredeem able for twenty ye ars an d to be ar ,

inte re s t n ot exceeding s e ven p er c e nt p e r .

ann u m ; while the T re asu ry n o t e s o f fifty dol

l ars an d u pw ard s we re to b e p ay able th ree

ye ars afte r d ate w ith ann u al inte re st at the ,

rate O f s even an d th ree tenth s p er ce n t -

p er .

ann u m F or g re ater c onvenience in the dis .

b u rsem en ts of the G ov ern m en t an d the p ay

‘

ment of revenu e T re asu ry n ote s we re au th or

S E A L O F T H E T RE ASU RY D EPAR T M E NT iz ed in den o min ati on s n otle ss th an five d o ll ars
.
,

an d to the extent o f fifty m illi on s of d o ll ars The G ove rn ment w as all o wed .

to dep osit it s fu nd s with so lvent b ank s in ste ad O f c o nfining the s e dep osit s ,

to the N ati on al S ub t re asu ry -

Th i s me asu re t ogethe r with the i ssu e of the
.
,

bill s receiv able for S pecie rel i eved the fin anci al p re ssu re at a time when it
,

th re atened se ri ou s e mb arrassment s .

T o p rovide for the p ayment of th e inte re s t on thi s debt an d ,

“
to meet o the r dem and s an ac t w as p assed fo r the inc re ase o f
’
,

reven u e s fro m imp ort s by which new d u tie s we re imp ose d u p o n

,

foreign articl e s of l u x u ry an d nece ssity B y a p ro vi sio n of th e s ame act a .

,

d irect tax of twenty milli on s O f d oll ars w as to be l aid u p o n the real e st ate
of the c ou nt ry in which the am ou nt to be rai sed in e ach St ate w as specified
, ,

n ot excepti n g th ose in which rebelli o n exi st e d Provi si on w as al so m ade for .

levying a tax on the exce ss Of al l inc ome s ab ove eight h u nd red d oll ars b u t

1 Ed w d E v tt
ar e re M ch tt ; F a kli
,
of assa u se s r n n P i c
er e, of N ew H m p hi
Mill a d Fill m
a s fN w Y k
re ; r ore, o e or

J h
R everdy o f M a yl a d ; Ma ti Va B
n son , o r n r n n ure n, of N e w Y or k ; Th m E wi g f O hi ; a d J m G th i
o as n , o o n a es u r e,

ofK t cky
en u .

‘
3 S ec N o 40 of th e
. A ct s a nd R e sol uti on s p assed d uri n g th e F i t S ession of th e Thi rty rs -
se v th C g
en on re ss .
 A DJO UR NMENT OF C O N G RESS — C O NF ED ERA TE O O N G RESS .
.
31

Mr Ch ase s su gge st i on c o nce rn i n g exci se d u ti e s an d othe r t ax e s on speci al

.
’
,

article s o f p e rson al p ro pe rty l e g aci e s & c w e re n ot ad opt e d at th at t i m e , ,

.
, .

Indeed th i s sy st e m of t ax at i on w as n ot p u t in o pe rati o n u n t i l after it w as

,

m o dified at the n e xt se ssi o n of C ong re ss ; for the Pre side n t w h o w as ia ,

ve sted with p o w er to app o i n t Office rs to c arry it ou t w as n ot all owed by the ,

act to exe rc i se it u ntil the fo ll o wing F eb ru ary

’
.

In the m o n th of Sept emb er Mr C h ase s ent forth a p at ri ot i c app e al to the ,

.

pe ople in b eh a f o t e s b c ipti n to the au th o ri zed l oan

l ,
f h u s r o
’
He c all e d for .

p u rch ase rs at p ar of on e h u nd re d an d fi fty milli on s of T re asu ry n ote s be ari n g ,

seven an d th ree tenth s p e r c e nt int ere st an d m e t with a c o rdi al re sp o n se

-
.
,

fro m i n div i d u al s an d b anking in stit u ti on s T h e O bvi ou s adv an t age s of the .

l oan c au se d the fi rst an d sec ond i ss u e s O f fifty milli on s e ach to be gen e rall v , ,

ab so rbed for i nv e stment ; an d thi s m ark o f c o nfidence in the G o v e rn me n t

an d th e fin anc i al sy stem o f the S e c re t ary fill e d the he rt s o f the l o y al pe ople

a
with gl adn e ss We S h all as occ asi o n O ff e rs h e re after n otice th e w ork i n g O f
.
, ,

the T re asu ry Dep artment u nde r the m an agement of Mr C h ase . .

When C on gress h ad fi n i sh e d th e bu sin e ss for which they we re c alled

t ogethe r th e y adj ou rn ed on the 6 th O f A u gu st afte r a s e ssi o n of th i rty th ree
, ,
-

d ay s T h e y h ad w orked e arn e stly an d i n d u st ri ou sly an d the p rod u ct of thei r

.
,

l ab ors c o n si sted of the p assage of sixty on e p u blic an d sev e n p riv ate act s -
,

an d five j o i n t re so l u ti o n s T hey h ad m ad e ampl e p ro vi si on s fo r su st aini n g .

the c on te st ag ai n st th e e n emie s O f the R ep u blic ; an d on the day b efore the ,

adj o u rnm e n t in a j oi n t re so l u ti o n they re q u e sted the Pre side n t to

,
rec om ~ ,

mend a day o f p u blic h um iliaiton p raye r an d fasting to be O b se rved by th e , , ,

pe ople o f th e Un i ted St ate s with religi ou s solemnity an d the O fferi ng o f fer ,

vent su ppl i c ati on s to Almighty G o d for the safety an d welfare O f th e se

”3
St ate s h is ble ssi n g s on thei r arm s an d a speedy re st orati on of pe ace
, ,
.

Wh il st the N atio n al C o n g re ss w as in se ssi on at Washingt on an d armie s ,

we re c on tendi n g al on g the b ord e rs O f B u ll s R u n the Thi rd Se ss i on o f th e ’

,

so c alled
-
“ Prov i si on al C on g re ss of th e c on spi rat ors (w h o as we h ave seen
”
, ,

h ad l ef t the S e n at e— C h ambe r of the C apit o l of Al ab am a at M ont ,

“ re i n thei r C on fede racy w as formed w as c o mmenced
g o m e ry whe , )
in the C apit ol O f Vi rgini a at R ichm ond on the 2oth of J u ly 4
, ,
.

There w as a ful l att e nd ance T he m e mb e rs asse mbled at n oon an d we re .

,

c alled to orde r by How e ll C obb wh e n the R e v S K T allmadge O f Ge org i a ,

. . .
, ,

m ade a p raye r At h alf p ast tw e lve O cl o ck C ol J ossel yn th e p riv ate sec re

.
-
’
,
.
,

t ary O f Je fferso n D avi s app e ared an d d e l i ve red to C ongre ss a c ommu n i , ,

It w ti m t d by th S c ta y f th Tr as y that th al a d p
as e s a e l v l i th U i t d Stat
e e re r o e e ur ,
e re n erson a a ue s n e n e e s,

at th t ti m a ch d th v t gg g t f
e, re a e f w hich
e as w i th l y al Stat
a re Ita e o o ere n e o e s.

wa l ti m at d th t th y a ly pl
s a so e s e i g f th l yal p pl am t d t v
a e e r sur us e arn n s o e o eo e ou n e o o er

ai d M Ch a “m d c a y by i cti a d l ct tly cc pt d by th G v
“T h w
3 e ar,
”
s r
. se, a e n e e ss r n su rre on , n re u an a e e e o ern

m t m t b p c t d with l l p ibl vig

en , us e til th
ro se u e t ti f th j t a th ity f th U i hall
a o ss e or, u n e re s ora on o e us u or o e n on s

insure p m t p c T h am P vi d c w hich c d ct d fath th gh th d i ffi c lt i

er an e n e a e. e s dd e g r o en e on u e ou r e rs ro u e u e s an an e rs

which b t th f m ti e se f th U i
e h a g ci
or ly t gth d
a on o h a d f th w k f it p
e v ti
n on , s ra ou s s re n en e ou r n s or e or O s reser a on .

Th c p
e f th y
ro s o m pl G a a i a d b
e a
e ar are av yw h f ll T h capit li t f th c t y m
e . r n r es n arn s re e er ere u . e a s s o e o un r co e

ch f lly f w a d t tai th c d it f th G v m t i ady al v i ad va c f thi pp al m f

eer u or r o su s n e re o e o e rn en . re , so, e en n n e o sa e ,
en o

all cc pati
o u k t h a th h
on s see a dt h ad v tag f th l a N v xc pt b ca
o s re e f th t m p
o n orsy n e an es o e o n. e er, e e e u se o e e o rar

d p i ca d by th b lli a d th d a g m t f b i
e ress on u se cc i d by i t w th p pl f th
e
. re e on , n e er n e en o u s n e ss o as on e , ere e eo e o e

U it d Stat i a b tt c d iti t tai a g at c t t th "

n e es n e erw on on o su s n re on es an n o .

Th P i d t by p cl m ti
e re s th 1 2th f A g t app i t d th
en ,
rol t Th d y i S pt mb t b
a a on on e o u us , o n e e as urs a n e e er o e

b v d a d y f f ti g h m iliati a d p y
o se r e as a o as n , u on , n ra er
.

S p g 547 v l m I
t e a e . o u e .
32 JE FFE RS O N D AVI S S MES S AG E ’
.

T II E sau ar ac n an n x a A T M ON TG O M E RY .
‘

c ati o n fro m th at chief le ade r of the R ebelli o n .

“ ”
In th at me ssage , D avi s
c o ng rat u l ated h is c onfed e rate s o n the accessi on o f St ate s to th e i r le ag u e .

He assu red them th at the N ati o n al G o ve rnm e nt h ad n o w reve aled its in te n

” “
ti on s to s u bj u g ate th e m by a w ar wh o se fo lly w as e q u aled by its wick
” ”
ed u c es an d wh ose di re c al amitie s w o u ld fall with d o u ble seve rity o n the
,
“
l oy al pe ople them selve s He ch arged the Pre sid e nt with a vi o l ati o n o f an
.

”
armi s tice c once rning F o rt S u mte r an d decl ared the asse rti o n th at th e 2
,
”
in su rgent s c o mmenced h ostilitie s to be an u n fou nded p reten se He arg u e d ,
.

“ ”
th at the C onfede racy w as a g re at an d p o we rfu l n ati o n bec au se the G o v ,

e rn m e n t h ad m ade su ch exte n sive p rep arati o n s fo r its o ve rth ro w ; al so th at

the n at i o n alit y of the l e ag u ed in su rgent s h ad been rec ognized by the G ov

e rn m e n t by its e st abli shme n t o f
“ bl o ck ad es by se a an d l and al so th at the
,
“
ide a th at the i n h abit ant s o f the C o nfede rate St ate s w e re cit i zen s o f the
U nited St at e s w as rep u di ated by the G o ve rnment in m aki n g w ar u p o n them ,
“with a s av age fe ro city u nkn o wn to m ode rn civiliz ati on .

With the s ame di sreg ard of c and or which ch aracte rized Be au reg ard s ’

p ro cl am ati on at M an assas in J u ne an d with the same e vident intenti o n to

, ,
”
fi re the S ou the rn heart D avi s said of the w arfare of the N ati on al s :
,
3

R apine is the ru l e ; p riv ate re sidence s in pe acefu l ru ral d i st ri ct s are b om , ,

” “
b arded an d b u rnt an d p ain s t aken to h ave a b ru t al so ldie ry c o mpletely
,

de s t ro y eve ry article of u se or o rn ament i n p ri v ate h ou se s ” “ M ankind will .

sh u dde r
” “
he c o ntin u ed to he ar the t ale s of o u t rage s c o mmitted on defe n s e
, ,
”
less fem ale s by soldie rs of the U nited St ate s n ow inv ading ou r h ome s
,
He .

1Thi pict i f m a k tch m ad by th a th whil

s ure s ro a vi it t M
s e t m y l i A p il 1 866
e e u o r, e on s o on g o er , e ar v n r .

T he m h g y f it w a th am a th at d by th mm pim t at th f m ti
a o an urn u re s e s f th i C
e f d cy
s u se e s ors e or a o n o e r on e e ra .

9S p g 806 t 809 i cl iv v l m I
e e a e s o ,
n us S p 550 v l m 1
e, o u e . ee ag e ,
o u e .
 BA N IS HMEN T AN D C O N F I S C AT I O N AC TS .
33

“
ch arged the Go ve rnment with m akin g s peci al w ar the S ou th incl u ding on ,

the w omen an d the childre n “ by c arefu lly devi sed me asu re s to p revent ,
”
thei r obt aining m e dic ine s nece ssary for the ir c ure with c ool an d delibe rate ,

m alignity un der p retext of su pp re ssing an in su rrecti on

,
”
He s po ke of o th e r .

sav age p ractic e s which h ave been re so rted to by the G o ve rnment of the
”
U nit e d State s an d cited the e ase of the p ri sone rs t aken with the pirate ship
,
-

S a van n ah al re ady refe rred to in thi s w ork

,
Afte r s pe aking of the an u n u .
1

c iatio n at the seat o f G o ve rn ment th at the St ate s we re su b o rdi n at e to th e , .

N ati o n al au th ority an d h ad n o right to secede an d th at the Pre sident w as ,

au th o riz e d to su sp e nd the p rivil e ge o f the w rit of H abe as C o rp u s

“ wh e n ”
, ,

as the C o n stit u ti o n say s

“ in c ase s of rebel l i o n o r inv asi o n the p u blic safe ty
,

m ay re q u i re it
”
he said : We m ay w e ll rej oice th at we h ave seve red all
“
,

c o nnecti o n with a G ove rnm e n t which th u s t rampl e s on al l the p rincipl es of

c on stit u ti on al l i be rty an d with a pe ople in wh ose pre sence su c h av ow al s
, .

c ou ld be h azard e d ”
He then S p oke of the enth u si asm of the S ou the rn peo pl e
.
,
“
thei r ab u nd ant o ff e rs of aid to the C onfede racy an d the alm ost u n qu e sti on ,

ing c onfide n ce which they displ ay in th e i r g ove rnment d u ring the impending
st ru ggle an d h e c o ncl u d e d hi s c o mm un ic ati o n by sayin g : T o S pe ak of
su bj u g ating su ch a pe o ple so u nited an d dete rmined is to spe ak in l ang u age , ,

i n c o mp re hen si ble to them T o re si st att ack s on th e i r right s or thei r libe rtie s

.
,

is with them an i n st inct Wh ethe r th is w ar sh all l ast on e or th ree or five

.
, ,

ye ars is a p roblem they le ave to be s o lved by the enemy al one ; it will l ast
,

till the enemy sh all h ave withd rawn from thei r b orde rs— till thei r p olitic al
right s the ir alt ars an d the ir h ome s are freed fro m inv asi on Then an d
, , ,
.
,

then o nly will they re st from thi s st ru ggle to enj o y in pe ace the blessings
, ,

which w ith the fav o r of Pro v idence they h ave sec u red by the aid of thei r
, ,
”
o w n s t ro ng he art s an d st urdy arm s .

With a dete rmin ati o n s u ch as D avi s expre ssed the C o ng re ss m ade

“
,
“
p ro vi si o n for the c ont e st an d for c re ating that United So u th which had ”
,

been p ro cl aimed to the w orld F or the l atte r p u rp os e it p ass ed .

“
an act which au th o rized the b ani shment fro m the limit s of the .

“C o nf ede rate St ate s ” of eve ry m asc u line citi z en of the U nited

”
St ate s (wi th s ome excepti on s n amed ) ove r fo u rteen ye ars of age w h o ad ,

he red to h is G o ve rnment an d ackn owledged its au th ority The act p re s c rib ed .

as the d u ty of all c o u rt s of j u stice to c au s e the arre s t of all U ni o n men w h o

did n ot p ro cl aim thei r allegiance to the c o n sp irat ors or le ave the C on fede racy
within forty d ay s an d to t re at them as alien enemie s
b
.
,
A g 81 u
An oth e r aet au th o riz ed the c onfi s c ati o n of eve ry specie s of
b . .

p ro pe rty within the limit s of the C o nfede racy be longing to su ch alien ene
m ie s o r ab sent citi z en s of th e U nited St ate s with the excepti on s menti oned ,
.

Vari ou s me as u re s we re ad opted for the in c re ase an d efficiency of the army

an d n avy an d fo r c arr ing on the immen se fin anci al ope rati o n s of the so
, y
c alled g o ve rn ment “ It w as offici ally rep orted th at th ere we re tw o h u n d red
.

p vl m I
S ee age 55 7, o u e

D lawa M a yl a d
.

c tiz
The i en s o f e re, r n K en tu cky Mi ssouri th e T erritori es of N ew M exico A iz
, ,
r on a, an d th e

D i strict of C l u m bi a w re x ce pted
, ,

I d i a T i t y th f Ka a d th
n n err or so u o n s s, an e o , e e .

F u th i r f T a
er y t w ssu e s o re su r no es ere au th iz d a d p vi i w a m d f a wa ta f th c ati
or e ,
n ro s on s a e or r- x, or e re on

o f m a sf
e n th i d m pti t th am
or e r re e on, o e ou n t f fif ty c t p ach
o h d d d lla i v al f al tat
en s u on e on e un re o rs n ue o re es e.

slav s m cha d i s st ck f c p ati

e ,
er n e, o so or or on s, m y at i t t i v t d i a i
on e n e res c iti xc pti g C
or n es e n v r ous se u r e s, e e n on

'
ed t b
e ra e d m y in ha d i ba
on s, on e n or n n k liv stoc k g l d watch g l d a d silv plate pia os h s a d
, e , o es, o n er . n . orse , n

pl ae ca i g
s u re rr a es .

VO L IL — 3 .
 RETA LIATI O N — ATTIT UDE O F .
T HE C O N ED ER A E S F T .

th ou s and soldie rs i n the field ; an d D avi s w as au th orized to inc re as e thi s force

by an additi on of fou r h u n d red th ou sand v o lu n tee rs to serve for n ot le ss th an ,

twelve m o nth s o r more th an th ree y e ars He w as au th o rized to s end ad .

dition al c ommi ssi o ne rs to Eu rope ; an d o n the l ast day of the se s

i n “ n act w as p as se d g i vi n g him au th o rity to inflict ret aliati o n
s o a

u po n the pe rso n s o f p ri so ne rs o f w ar Thi s me asu re h ad s peci al .

reference to the c aptive s o f the pi rate ship S a van n a h c o nce rning wh o m as

-
, ,

we h ave ob s e rved ‘ D avi s h ad al re ady sent a th re ateni n g lette r to the Pre si ,

dent to wh i ch n o reply w as given

,
U nder the p rov isi on s of th at act C ol onel .
2
,

C orc oran an d othe r office rs we re cl osely c o nfined as h o st age s an d t re ated ,

w ors e th an the pi rate s we re 3

The l atte r as we h ave o b se rved we re f or the .
, , ,

sake of h u m anity t re ated as p ri so ne rs o f w ar an d in du e time the h ost age s , ,

we re exch anged .

O n the e st abli shment of the so c alled g o ve rnme n t at R ichm o nd D avi s s ’

-
,
“ ”
c ommittee of advi se rs wh om he dignified with the titl e of C abinet w as , ,
“
re org ani ze d R M T Hu nte r of Virg ini a h ad bec ome h is Sec ret ary of
. . . .
, ,

St ate ”
J u dah P Benj amin h is l aw office r w as m ade Se c re t ary o f War
.
“
.
”
, , ,

an d w as su cceeded in hi s o ffice by ex G o ve rn o r Th o m as B ragg o f N o rth -

,
”
C arolin a The othe r membe rs of the C abinet we re the same as th o se fi rst
.

“
In eve ry ph ase of its org ani z ati o n th e new g o ve rnment w as ”
app ointed
‘
.
,

m odeled after the rej ected on e ; an d in fo rm an d n u mbe rs an d op e rati o n s the , , ,

C onfede racy p res en ted to the w orld the ou tw ard aspect of a re spect able n ati on .

“
Se al s were devi sed for the use of the s eve ral Dep artment s an d on th at
“ ”
m ade for the Dep artment of St ate which m ore th an o the rs might be , , ,

seen ab ro ad w as the s ignificant legend in indi ff e rent Latin N U LL A P A T R I A

, , ,

am ou r F I D E I me aning N o co u nt ry n o fathe rl and th at d o e s n ot keep faith

.
, , , , ,

or whe re faith is c o ve red u p— th at is to sa

y W e rej ect the N ati o n al G o ve rn ,

ment bec au s e it i s faithle ss With thi s feeling they set ab ou t the e st abli s h .
5

ment of a n e w empi re w ith w onde rfu l ene rgy an d c all ed forth al l of the , ,

ind u s t ri al re source s of the regi on u nde r thei r c ont rol with re su lt s the m o s t ,

p ag 567 v l m I
S ee e , o u e .

Thi l tt w tak by Captai Th m a H Tayl with a fl ag f t c t th h ad q a t

s e er as en f G al n o s . or, o ru e , o e e -
u r e rs o en er

M D w l l t A li gt H
c o e , w h th b a wa c d ct d t th q a t
a r n on f G al Sc tt i Wa hi gt
ou se, en e e rer s on u e o e u r e rs o en er o , n s n on

City w h th l tt w a d liv d
,
ere e e er s e e re .

S t 2 pag 55 7 v l m L T h t i l f th fii a d w f th S a a ah cc d tN w Y k
ee n o e , e , o u e e r a o e o ce rs n cre o e v nn o urre a e or ,

i Oct b
n 1 86 1
o e r, It c ti d v d y s w h th j y d i g i g th p i
. on w n uem a d d t th se en a , en , e ur sa re e n ,
e r so n ers ere re n e o e cu e

t dy f th m h al I th m a ti m Willi am S m ith a th C f d at p ivat m h d b t i d i

o o e ars s. n e e n e, ,
no er on e er e r e e rs an , a e en r e n

Phil ad lphi a a d f
e d g ilty f pi acy th p alty f w hich w d ath by ha gi g N w w a aff d d a
,
n oun u o r , e en or as e n n . o s or e n

o pp t ity f th x ci f th t y t m f tali ati w hich th C f d at “C g “ h d a th i z d

or u n or e e er se o a s s e o re on e on e er e on re ss a u or e .

A cc di gly th 9 th f N v m b 1 86 1 J d ah P B j m i th C f d t S c ta y f W i t ct d
or n , on e o o e e r, , u . en a n, e on e e ra e e re r o ar,
”
n s ru e

al Wi d l ct by l t “f m m g th p i f th high t a k
"
G en er t n er o se e f w w h wa t b
o ro a on e r so ne rs o ar o e es r n on e o s o e

c fi d i a c ll app p i t d t c vict d f l t b a h tag f Captai S m ith f th S a a ah a d t

on ne n e ro r a e o on e e on s, o e os e or n , o e v nn , n o

b x c t d if h h l d ff d ath A l t l ct i th am w ay thi t
e e e u e e s ou th p i
su f w
er th high t
e . so o se e n e s e r e en o er r son e rs o ar, e es

i
n r na k t b c fi d i c ll
,
o d f c vict d f l a d t b t t d a ch l g a th N ati al
e on ne n e s use or on e e o n s, n o e re a e s su so on s e on

G v m t t at d a “lik m b f p i
o ern en so f w re capt d by th m at a Thi d wa ad by
e e nu er o r so n ers o ar ure e se .
”
s or er s re

G l Wi d i th p
e n era c f v ty fi captiv fii s i th ld T b ac Wa h
n er, n e re se n e o i R ich m d se en -
ve e o ce r , n e o o co re ou se , n on ,

on th l oth f N v m b
e H h ad i lip f p p
o oach c tai i g th m f
e e r. f th i c l e l of th sx s s o a er, e on n n e na e o on e o e s x o on e s e

N ati al A m y th h l d a p i
on r Th w ha d d t C l l W R L f th 20th M ch tt
en e s r so n e rs. ese ere n e o o on e . . e e, o e assa use s

R gi m t c tly capt d at Ball Bl fi w h wa d i ct d t pl ac th m i a d p ti ca p vi d d f th

e en ,
re e n ure
‘
s u
’

, o s re e o e e n ee n se ro e or e

p p w h M E ly wa d i ct d t d aw
ur ose, en
t thr f
.fic w h m it h l d bsa
“t b h l d a
re e o r o n e ou , e o er ose na e s ou e r o e e s

h tag f Willi am S m ith c vict d f pi a y T h l tf ll p C l l C c a th

os e or , pi on i Ca tl e o r c .
”
e o e u on o on e or or n , en a r son e r n s e

Pi ck y i Ch a l t
n ne ,h a b T h am f th th thi t h tag w d aw in th am w y Th y
n r es on r or. e n es o e o er r e en os es ere r n e s e a e

w : C l l L Wilc x C g w ll W d a d W d fi ; L i t a t C l l B wm a a d N n ; Maj
.

o ’
o on e s e e. s
‘
ere o , e oo n oo ru eu en n -
o on e s o n n e ors

Rockwo d B wm a d K ar —J r al f A lf d E ly N 1 0
, ,

P tto R v
e r, a d V gd e ; a d Captai
ere , n o es n ns o , o an , n en ou n o re ,
ov. ,

1 861 p ag s 21 0 t 21 6 i cl iv
, e o ,
n us e.

S Pag 258 S g avi g o pag 85 ee e . ee en r n n e .

 C O NFEDERAT E MAN UFAC T URES — REGIMEN T O F S PIES . . 35

as t o n i s hi n g Th e bl ock ade b e com in g m ore an d m ore strin g en t e v e ry day,

.

th e y p erc e iv e d th e n ec e ssity o f re lyin g u po n th eir ow n i n gen u ity an d in d u s

try fo r th e m at eri al s o f w ar ; an d fo rg es ,

an d fo u n d ri e s an d p o w d e r m an u fact o ri e s ,

soon app e are d in v ari ou s p art s of th e

C on fe d e racy w hil e th ose al re ady e st ab ,

l ish e d w e re t ax e d to th e i r u t m o st c ap acity
in re sp o n di n g to o rd ers O f th e se th e .

g re at T re d eg ar I ron Work s at Rich ,

m on d (se e p ag e w as th e m ost e xt e n
siv e o f its ki n d w ithi n th e li m it s o f th e

Sl av e l ab or St ate s an d so m e o f th e m ost
-
,

e ff e ctiv e h e a vy o rd n an c e u se d by th e
C on fe d e rat e A rm y an d p roj e ctil es o f ,

v ari o u s ki n d s w e re m ad e th e re di re ctly , ,

un d e r th e e e o f th e so— c all e d g o v e rn m e n t
y : “
.

a : Mm m r con son -
tr su n D EP A B‘I
‘ ” )
T h e l ab o rs of thi s e st abli sh m e n t in th e
n .

c au se of th e re b e lli on m ad e its n am e an d d e ed s fam ili ar to e v e ry A m e ric an .

J e ff erson D avi s w as q u ick to ac t u p on th e au th ority o f th e d ec ree of th e

“
C on fe d e rat e C o n g re ss c o n c e rn i n g th e b an i sh m en t of Un i on m e n He .

issu e d a p ro cl am ati on o n th e 1 4th of A u g u st in ac co rd an c e w i th th e i n t e n t ,

o f th at d e c re e ; an d th en c om m en c e d t h ose t e rribl e p e rse c u ti o n s o f l o y al

“ ”
i n h abit an t s w ithi n th e l im it s of th e C o n fe d erat e St at e s u n d e r th e san cti on ,

o f l aw w hich m ad e th at re ig n o f te rror in th o se re gi o n s t e n fo ld m ore d re adfu l

’

th an b e fo re T his an d th e C on fi sc ati on Act p ut th e se al of sil en c e u p on th e

.
, ,

lip s of n e arly al l Un i on m en F ew c ou ld l e av e for o b st acl es w e re c ast in .

,

th e ir w ay T o re m ain w as to ac q u i e sc e in th e n e w order of thi n g s or suff er

.
,

1 hi d li
T s e n ea ti o n of th e sea li f s ro m a pa ss w hich th e
“e S c ta yre r of St t a e
”
of th e C fdon e e ra cy i ssue di n th e
fo ll wi g f m
o n or

“ C O NFE D E R AT E S T AT ES O F A ME R I C A .

To all t
o w ho m t
h es e p s sh a d come
r ese n t fiG reetin g :
d ig d S c t y f St t f h C f d t St t f
“
L th e un e rs ne , e re a r o ae o t e o n e era e a es o Am er ca, i h by q t ere re ue s all w h o m it
m y c c a t p m it f ly d f ly t p A
o n e rn, o B citiz
er sa e an re e o ass, a en of th e on C f d at St t
e er e a e s of A m er ica ,

di c
an f d t gi v h im l l l wf l id d p t cti
n ase o n ee o e a a u a an ro e on .

“G iv d m y ha d d th i m p i f th
en un l f th er Stat at th City f
n an e ress on o e sea o e De pa t m t r en of e, e o

[ a ]
sc n M tg m y M y 20 1 801 on o
Ro
er ,
a
T oo a S ec ta y f S ta t e
, .

s s nr x s, re r q .
”

Whil a vi it t F t Fi h N th Ca li a i th p i g f 1 866 th w it m et a i d t f Wil mi g

e on s o or s er, or ro n , n e s r n o , e r er re s en o n

t
on a d ativn f N th C a li a w h h ad b
a n e o m pl y d i th or c et vic f th Nati l G v m t
ro n , o ee n e o e n e se r se r e o e on a o e rn en

d i g a p ti f th w a with th c m m i i f c l l a d i c m m d f a gi m t f 850 Spi wh

ur n or on o e r, e o ss o n o o on e ,
n n o an o re en o e s, o

w catt d v th C f d a y H l
ere s e re o t d th
er vi f th C f d acy a a py i d th at h
e on e er c . e a so e n e re e se r ce o e on e er s s ,
n or e r e

m ight w k m ffici t]y f h i G v m t d w a f i h d w ith a pa lik th b v

or o re e en or th m gi s o e rn en , an s urn s e ss e e a o e, o n e ar n

of w hich it h l d h v b m ti d w a a x act d c ipti f th p

, s ou a e t w h m i t w a giv
ee n enH on e , s n e es r on o e e rso n o o s e n. e

d si d t f i h ch f h i pi w it h ch a p a T h h m f th m i R ichm d h p c d l a g
e re o u rn s ea o s s es su ss. ro u g so e o e n on ,
e ro u re a r e

n mbu f bl kp
er o Th q i d th i m p i
an f th
asse s
al f th
.
“Stat D pa t m t H w t t
ese re u re e re ss o n o e se o e e e r en .
”
e en o

R ichm d a d th gh pi th
on , p f
n dl y i th vic f th C f d t h w a i t d c d t J d h
ro u s es ere , ro t-sse n e se r e o e on e e ra e s, e s n ro u e o u a

P B j am i th
. en S c t y f Stat a d vi it d h i ffic daily f b t a f t ight d av i g t a
n, en e re a r o e
,
”
n s e s o e or a ou or n , en e or n o scer

ta i wh th al f th D p t m t w a k pt H w a fi ally cc f l O day w h
n e re e se o e e arwa i en
”
s e . e s n su ess u . ne ,
en n o o n e s n

th ffic b t b y h
e o e t h im a
u ad a d th g i g b l d ly t th pl ac w h th al w k p t
o , e se n on n e rran ,
n en o n o o e e e re e se as e ,

h mad a i m p
e i f i t i w a H th t t d w ith h i w pa t “g i t th Y k li
e n re ss o n o n H x. e en s ar e s o n ss o o n o e an ee n es .
”
e

h a t d t Wa hi gt
s ene d th
o c t N w Y k w h h h ad a l t i t l p ci ly lik th igi al
s n on, an en e o e or , ere e se a cu n s ee re se e e or n .
”

With thi b t m p d th bla k p a s w hich h p p ly fill d p a d ig d cc f lly w ith th f g d

s e s a e e n sse , e ro er e u n s ne su e ss u e or e

name f B njam i o With th eh f i h d h i pi w ith p

n. a d th y p f m d ti l vic by
ese e urn s e s s es asse s, n e e r or e e sse n a se r e

g i i g i f m ati i th cam p a d tth Capital a d i c m m icati g w ith th bl ck ad i g q ad

an n n or on n e s Th
n a e ,
n n o un n e o n s u ron s. e

c m ma d f thi gi m t f pi w as a t d v al ti m
o n er o s re pici b twen v i m plicat d by m
o s es rre s e se er e s on su s on , u as n e er e su o

ci t pro0£
en
 PERSEC UTI O N O F LO YALI S T S IN EAS T TENNESS EE .

u
f
i n t en se ly t th roc l am atio o
T h en th t g v t th
sam e
i
i
e
fo r th e re ason a a e r o p
,
“
Wa
.

O rd er — w U
th e d esp o t re ig n s th
w n i t e d S ou th
in rs a e re as a

T II E TR D E EG A R IR O N WO K S R , Al
' '
B I O HHO N D, VIRG I NI A i .

fav or of th e c on spi rat ors Un d e r th e i r su b ordinat e ofiice rs civil an d mil i

. ,

t ary al m o st u n bo u n d e d lic en se w as e x e rci se d an d n o m an s lif e l ib e rty an d

, ,
’
, ,

p ro p erty w ere se c u re from vi ol e n c e .

In di st rict s of th e C on f e d e racy su ch as E ast T e n n e sse e w h e re th e blight , ,

o f sl av e ry w as b u t littl e k n o w n w he re a g re at e r po rti o n of th e i n h abit an t s ,

w e re l oy al to th e i r G o v e rn m e n t an d w h e re th e C o n f e d e rate s h old sw ay th e , ,

k een est c ru elti e s w ere e x e rci se d T h ose w h o in East T e n n e ssee h ad v o t e d .

, ,

for th e Un i on at th e e l e cti o n of w hich G o v e rn o r Harris ma d e frau d ul e n t

ret u rn s w ere c on ti n u all y p e rse c u t e d
,
’
G oo d an d p eac e able citiz e n s w e re .

t ak en b efore m agi st rat es w i th ou t c au se an d i m p ri so n e d w ith ou t m e rcy ,

.

T h e y w e re arrest e d by th e au th o rity o f p ro c e sses i ssu e d by J C ro zi e r R am se y .

,

th e C o n fe d erat e di st rict att o rn e y w h o w as ass is t e d in th e w o rk o f c ru shi n g ,

th e U n i on i st s in th at re gi o n by R B R e y n o ld s a C on fe d e rat e c o m m i ssi on e r . .
, ,

an d W B Wood a M e th o dist cl ergy m an fro m Al ab am a w h o b o re th e co m

. .
, ,

m i ssi on of a C onf e d e rat e c ol on e l U n d e r th e di re c ti on an d assist an c e of th ese .

m en l o y ali st s w e re h u n t e d arrest e d take n to c am p s an d p ri so n s an d in su lt e d

, , , ,

an d ab u se d by m ob s C on fe de rat e c av al ry as w e ll as i n fan t ry sc o u re d th e
.
, ,

coun t ry off e ri n g e v e ry i n dig n ity to m en an d w o m e n d e st ro yi n g th e c rop s o f

, ,

th e rich an d p oor alik e t u rn i n g th e i r h o rses to fe e d i n t o fi e ld s o f g ro w i n g c o rn

, ,

b urn in g b arn s an d st ack s of h ay an d pl u n d e ri n g th e p e o pl e of p ro visi o n s ,

.

T h e j ail s w ere soon fill e d w ith l oy ali st s an d an e xt e n siv e di sarm i n g of th e ,

p eo pl e w as accom pli sh e d S o th oro u ghly w e re th e y u n d er th e co n t rol of th e

.

o l o n e l Woo d w as abl e to w rit e

C o n f e d e rat e s th at in N o v em b e r
“ C '

,
1 86 1
“
6 .

to B enj am i n at Rich m o n d Th e re b e lli o n [ resi st an c e to C on

, ,

fe d erat e ou t rag e s] in East T en n essee h as b een p u t d o w n in som e of th e

c oun ti e s an d w ill b e effe ct u ally su pp resse d in l ess th an tw o w e ek s in al l th e
,

c o u n ti e s T h i c am p s in S e vi er an d Ham ilt on C ou n ti e s h e c on ti n u e d
e r
.
”
, ,

h av e b ee n b ro ken u p an d a l arg e n um b e r of th em h av e b ee n m ad e
,

p ri son e rs . It is a m e re farc e to arre st th em an d t u rn th em

h vi w i f m th
T is e s ro i
e ru n s of th e Vi gir n ia St ta e Arsen a l k
Th e wor s are o n th e l ft ba k
e n o f th e J am e s

la d
.

R iv a ly p p
e r, n e r it M ay o os e
‘
o s Is n .

3S pag 388 389 v l

ee es -
,
o u me I .
 LO YALI S TS HUN TED, IM PRI S O NED ,
AN D HAN GED .
37

o v er to th e cou rt s T h e y re ally d eserv e th e g all o w s an d if

.
, ,

co n si sten t w i th th e l aw s o u ght spee dily to re c e iv e th e i r d e se rt s ”

With ,
.

th e spi rit o f thi s Al ab am a cl e rgym an th e Lo y ali st s w e re e v e ry w h e re ill ,

t reat e d an d n o m e asu re s see m e d to b e c on sidere d too c ru e l to b e e m pl o y e d

,

in c ru shin g th e m .
‘

A m on g th e m o st p ro min en t of th e East T e n n esse e Lo y ali st s w h o su ff e re d ,

p e rse c u tio n w e re A n d re w J o h n son an d Ho rac e M ayn ard m em be rs o f C on

, ,

ress an d R e v W G B ro w n l o w D D a M e th o di st p re ac h e r an d e dit or
g ,
. . .
,
. .
, ,

o f th e K nox v ille Wh ig B ro w n l o w s fe arle ss spi rit c au stic p e n so ci al .

’ ’
, ,

po siti o n an d p u blic re l ati on s th ro u gh th e p ress an d th e p u lpi t m ad e h im

, ,

in te n se ly h at e d by th e c o n spi rato rs an d th e i r fri e n d s an d m u ch feare d T h ey ,

.

thirs te d for h is l ife an d fi n ally th e fal se ch arg e w as m ad e th at h e w as acc e s

, ,

so ry t o th e b u rn in g o f se v e ral rail w ay b ridg e s in East T e n n e sse e

“to c u t o f? -
,

co m m u n ic ati o n b e t w ee n th at re gi o n an d Vi rgi n i a His lif e h ad b ee n daily .

‘

th re at e n e d by C on fe d e rat e so ldi e rs ; an d at th e u rg e n t so licit ati o n s o f h is ,

fam ily h e l e ft h is h om e in th e au t u m n an d w en t i n t o an oth e r di st rict of h is

, ,

St at e Whil e h e w as ab se n t se v e ral rail w ay b ridge s w e re b u rn e d B row n

.
,
-
.

l o w w as acc u se d o f be i n g i n c o m pli ci ty w ith th e i r d e st ro y ers an d C o l on e l ,

l Vo o d se n t o u t cav al ry in se a rch o f h im w i th i n stru cti on s p u blicly giv e n in , ,

th e st re e t at Kn o xvill e n o t to tak e h im p ri so n e r b u t to sh o o t h im at o n c e
‘
.
, , ,

B ro w n l o w w as i n fo rm e d o f h is pe ril an d w ith o th e r l o y al m e n h e , , ,

sec re t e d h ims elf in th e S m o ky M o u n t ai n s o n th e b o rd e rs o f N o rth C aro lin a , ,

w h e re th e y w e re fe d by Lo y al is ts It w as fi n ally re solv e d by th e C o n fe d .

c rat e s to rid th e m se lv e s of so d an g e ro u s an e n e m y by givi n g B row n l o w a ,

p ass to go i n t o K e n t u cky u n d e r a m ilitary e sc o rt T h e Se c re t ary o f War ”

,
.

at Rich m o n d
( Be nj am i n
) s ask e d fo r o n e H e w o u ld n o t giv e it hi m se l f
'

w a . .

He said b e g re atly p re fe rre d se e i n g B ro w n l o w o n th e o th e r sid e of th e

lin es as an av o w e d e n em y ; an d i n st ru ct e d G e n e ral C rit te n d e n th e n in
, ,

c omm an d at K n o xvill e to giv e him a p ass G e n e ral C ritt e n d e n sen t fo r ,

.

B ro w n l o w to c o m e to K n o xv ill e to re c e iv e it He did so an d w as o n th e .
,
“
po in t o f d e p art u re fo r th e U n i o n lin es w h en h e w as arrest e d for ,
” “D
fis?
" 6 e e
t reason o n th e au th o rity o f a w arran t i ssu e d by C o m m i ssi on er
,
‘

Re yn o ld s o n th e affid avit o f Atto rn e y R am se y

,
He w as refu se d .

1
N ot wi th stan d i n g th e y li t w d i a m d th h t d a d c l pa i
Lo a s s e re s r e , e a re n rue ss o n s of th e S c i it
e es s on s s were
a pp a d
e se . T wo C fdon e e ra e ot ffic h ad th f ll wi g ad v ti m t p i t d
ers e o o n er se en r n e

in th e Memp h is Ap p eal
“B w o n u o u s ns Wa n n a —We th e u n ersi n e
g d w ill pay fi d lla d ve o rs
, ,

pi fifty
pe r a r for ll b d h d fi ty d ll a f
wire of w e re o un s, an d f pai f -
o rs or on e r o

th ghb bl d h d th t ill k
o rou red oo o un s, a w t ck f a ma T h p
ta e th e ru o n . e ur

p f which th d g a w a t d i t ch a th i f l c w a d ly
ose or ese o s re n e ,
s o se e n e rn a , o r

L i c l b h wh k
n o n f Ea t T
us a d K t cky ( wh hav t k
ae ers o s e n n essee n en u o e a en

ad va tag nr th b h t kill a d c ippl m a y g d l d i ) t th i

e o e us o n r e n oo so e rs o e r

h t a d c pt th m T h ai d h d m t b d liv d at Captai
au n s n a ure e . e s ou n s us e e ere n

Ham m liv y t bl by th l oth f D c m b

er s
’
er xt w h a m a t i g
-
sa e e o e e e r ne ,
e re s er n

offi w ill b p
ce r t t m t a d i p ct th m
e rese n o us e r n ns e e .

F . N Mc N u
. ar .

H H H A R RI S s w o n n ou x n .
BE
. . .

“C A MP Co x r o n r '
C AM P LL Co T u n e , N ov
, .
, .

pg
See a e 88, o u m e 1 v l .

C f d at t i m plicat B w l w i th t a acti s that th y

g
So ea e r w ere th e o n e er es o e ro n o n e se r ns on ,
e ofl e red
'

m en un d er

t c f d ath th i liv a d lib ty if th y w l d t tif y t th t n t T h l att p

se n e n e o e e r es n er ,
e ou es o a o ce
’
. e er s u rn e d th b ib e r e, an d

wo ul d t ac ific t u th a d h
no s v f th sak f lif
r e r n o n or e en or e e o e.

M ol ten f th Ri e P g a d De l i
o f S i e B y W G B w l
s w , ro ress, n c ne o ec ess on . . . ro n o .

Le tt f J P B j am in to Maj
er o G al C itt d N 2oth 1 861
. . en or- ener r en e n, o v. ,
.

2 346 6 3
 BEN JAMI N S C RU EL O RD ER — M URDERS AT GREENV ILLE
38
’ .

h i g b il c t i t t h c ty p i so n at K n o xvill e from
a , b u t w as a s n o e o u n r ,
a e ar n or
hich pp l h on o r an d g d f ith f C itt e n d e n a n d h is s u p e ri ors
e a s to t h e
r
W a oo a o

w e re m ad e in v ai n T h e re in a ro om .
,

so c ro w d e d th at n ot all c o u ld l ie d o w n ,

an d n ot a ch ai r, b e n ch st oo l t abl e o r , , ,

o th e r articl e o f fu rn i tu re e xc e p ti n g a ,
.

w oo d e n b u ck e t an d tin cu p w as to b e ,

se en h e an d h is asso ci at e s so m e o f , ,

th e m am on g th e b e st m en in th e l an d ,

w e re k e pt a l on g t im e su bj e ct e d to th e ,

vil e rib al dry o f soldi ers an d g u ard s ,

an d th re at s of b e in g h u n g N o r w ere .

th e se th re ats idl e ; fo r fro m ti m e to ,

tim e p ri son e rs w e re t ak en o u t an d ,

h u n g— m en as i n n o c e n t o f c ri m e as
m: m m m ‘
r co rr r au x
.
i n fan t s T h e se w e re citiz e n s ch arg e d
A T x s ox .

.
,

ith b i g h il w y b idg T h a ll g d c ri m e s o f th e se m e n an d o th e r
w u rn n t e ra a r e s e e e -
.

L oy alist s w e re set forth by C o l o n e l Wo o d in a l e tt e r to B e n j am i n “

,

in w hich h e d e cl are d th at th e se n ti m en t of th e i n h abit an t s in E a

“N ” 2n ’ st

“ ”
T e n n essee w as h ost il e to th e C o n fe d e rat e g o v e rn m en t an d that ,

H “ T
p
th e eo pl e w e re sl a v es to A n d r e w J o h n s on a n d o ra c e M a y n a rd o re l e ase .

p i ”
h id “ i i T c vict th m b f a c u rt is n e xt to
th e r so n e r s e s a s r u
,
n o u s o o n
,
e e o re o .

”
an i m p ossibility T h e b ridge b u rn ers an d spi e s o u ght to b e t ri e d at on c e
.
- .

T hi s l e tt er e xcit e d th e b ru t al i n sti n ct s o f B e n j am i n an d h e w ro t e b ack ,

i n st an tly " from Rich m on d say in g All su ch as c an b e id e n tifi e d , ,

bN 25 ov .
in h av in g b ee n e n g age d in b ridg e b u rn i n g are to b e t ri e d su m
.

-
,

m arily by d ru m h e ad c o u rt m arti al an d if fo u n d g uil ty e x e c u t e d o n th e

- -
, , ,

sp ot by h an gi n g I t w ou l d be wel l to le a ve th eir bodies h an g in g in th e

.

v ic in it y f o t h e b urn ed bridges
”
H e o rd e re d th e se izu re o f al l arm s th at w ere
.

“c on c en t rat e d by th ese t rait ors ” an d said “I n n o c ase is o n e of th e m e n ,

, ,

k n ow n to h av e b e en u p in arm s ag ai n st th e g o v e rn m e n t to b e re l e ase d on ,

an y pl e dg e o r o ath o f all e gi an c e T h e ti m e fo r su ch m easu res is p ast . T he y .

are al l to b e h e ld as p ri so n ers of w ar an d h e ld in j ail to th e e n d o f th e w ar ,

.

Acti n g u p on th ese sugg esti on s som e o f th ose w h o w e re ch arged w ith ,

b ridg e—b u rn i n g b u t n ot fou n d g u ilty w e re h u n g u n d e r ci rc u m st an c e s o f g re at

, ,

c ru e l ty I n c om pli an c e w ith B enj am in s sav age i n st ru cti o n s th e y w e re l e ft

.
’
,

h an gi n g in p u blic pl ac es to re c e iv e th e i n dign iti e s of a b ru t al m ob S u ch ,

.

w as th e c ase w ith th e b o di es of tw o victi m s (He n sie an d F ry) w h o w e re ,

h an g e d t o g e th e r u p on th e li m b of an oak t ree n e ar th e rail w ay st ati on at ,

-
,

G ree n vill e T en n essee by th e h an d s o f C ol on e l L e adbe tt e r al re ady m e n

, , ,

tion e d He ord e re d th e i r b o di es to h an g th e re fo u r d ay s an d n ight s ; an d

.
Q

w h e n th e t rai n s u pon th e ro ad p asse d by th e y w e re d e t ai n e d l o n g e n ou gh ,

to all o w th e p assen g e rs to go u p an d o ffe r i n su l ts to th e life l ess re m ai n s .

hi pict i f m a k tch m ad by th a th i May 1 866 d h w th f t f th p i

l T s u re s ro s e Th e e u or n , ,
an s o s e ron o e r so n . e

w i d w th t light d th
n o m th l w
a fl i which B w l w w a c fi d i
e e roo th
on ight f th e o er oo r, n ro n o s on ne , s se e n on e r o e

d oor I th
. pp t y tw i m m
n e u i c g i t w hich th w t c i m i l a p t d i th
e r s or are o e n se ro n a e s, n o e ors r na s re u ,
an n e se

so m f th m t b
e o xi L yali t w c fi d O t f thi l ath i pl ac v al w t k t th
e os o no ou s o s s e re on ne . u o s o so n e e se er ere a en o e

gall w o s.

S pag 1 74 v l m I T hi m a w h wa g ilt f
ee e . m o uc i m i t i i d d i th w a a d
e . s n, o s u y o en o r ou s r es . s sa . ur n g e r, n

fl d t U pp
e oCa ad at it cl d i d tC liit i th at p vi c f ap pl xy th 25th f S pt m b l SGi
er n a s ose, e a o n,
'

n ro n e, o o e , on e o e e e r,
‘
L
 BO LD NESS OF BRO WNLO W .
—WRIT S O F GAR NI SHMENT . 39

T hi s w as p ciall y by C on fe d erat e so ldi ers on th e ir w ay to Vi rgin i a

d on e ,
es e ,

in vi e w of m an y o f th e l o y al in h abit an t s of G ree n vill e .

I n th e m id st of th ese fi ery t ri al s th e in t repid B ro wn l o w rem ai n e d fi rm , ,

an d e x erci se d th e g re atest b o l dn ess o f sp ee ch T h e y d are d n o t h an g him .

w ith ou t l e g al co n victi on an d th e y w e ll k n e w ,

that h e h ad d on e n othi n g w orthy of d eath .

He w as n o t on ly b o ld b u t d efi an t T h e y ,
.

o ffe re d him life an d lib e rty if h e w ou ld t ak e

th e o ath o f all e gian c e to th e Co nf e d eracy .

He sco rn e d th e p rop ositi on sayi n g : R ath e r ,

th an st u lt ify m y se l f an d di sg rac e m y fam ily ,

by su ch an oath I ag re e to die I n e v er ,
.

'
co u ld san c ti on thi s go v e rn m e n t an d I t rust ,

n o child o f m in e w ill e v e r do it
”
Whil st .

su ffe rin g in th e K n o xvi l l e j ail an d al m ost ,

d aily m e n ac ed w ith d e ath h e w rot e to B e n ,

“
j am i n a ch aract e ristic l e tte r in ,
D c mb 16 a e e er
w hich h e said Y o u are re p ort ,
,

1 86 1 .

e d to h av e said to a g e n tl e m an

in R ich m o n d th at I am a b ad m an an d , ,

dan g e rous to th e C on fe d eracy an d th at yo u ,

d esire m e o u t of it J ust giv e m e m y pass .

po rt s an d I w il l do for y ou r C onf e d eracy

,

m ore th an th e d e vil h as e v e r d on e— I w il l
” m wa m os n o r
- ‘
q u it th e c ou n t ry i
T his l e tt e r an d a vi sit fro m G en e ral C ritt en d en (w h o fe lt sen sitiv e o n th is
“
,

po in t ) b ro u ght o n e fro m B enj am i n to th e au th oriti es at K n o x 6

D c mb
,
22 e e er
ville in dic atin g h is w i sh th at B ro w nl o w sh ou ld b e se n t o u t of th e
.

C on fe d e racy an d re g ret tin g th e c irc u m st an c e s o f h is arrest an d i m p ri so n

,

m en t ; “ o n ly
”
as h e said
“
be c ause c ol or is giv e n to th e su spici on th at
, ,

h e h as b ee n e n trapp e d ”
He w as fi n ally rel e ase d an d se n t to N ashvill e .

( th en in p o ssessi o n o f N ati o n al t roo p s e arly in M arch

) D r B ro w n l o w w as . .

a typ e o f th e L o y alis t s o f th e m o u n t ai n re gi o n s of th at St at e w h o su ff ere d ,

t e rribly d u rin g a g re at po rti on o f th e w ar A m i n u t e re c o rd o f th e faithfu l .

an d fe arl ess p atri o ti sm o f th e peo pl e o f E ast T e n n e ssee d u ri n g th e st ru ggl e ,

an d th e c ru e l w ron g s an d su ff e ri n g s w hich th e y e n d u re d a g re at e r p orti on

o f th at t im e w ou ld m ak e o n e o f th e m ost gl o ri o u s an d e t re v o lti n g ch apte rs

, y
in th e hist o ry o f th e l at e fi e rc e co nfl ict I n cid e n t s o f th at p at ri o t ism an d .

suffe ri n g w ill b e o b serv ed as w e p ro c e e d in o u r n arrativ e .

,

Le t u s re t u rn a m o m en t to th e c on sid erati on of th e o th er m easu re of th e

Co n fe d erate C on g ress d esig n e d to fo rc e l oy al m e n i n t o a su pp o rt of th e te
,
”
b e lli on n am e ly th e C on fi sc ati on Act
,
F ro m th e D e p art m en t of J u stic e
, .
’
,

at th e h ead o f w hich w as J u d ah P B e nj am i n w e n t o u t i n st ru cti o n s th at a l l .

,

i
hi i f m a k tch m ad by th th i May 1 866 T h t wa a vig
T s s ro s e d ak t d i g
e a e au or, n , . e ree s o ro u s re o ,
s an n on

l p v l ki g th t wp f w d th a t w a d f th G vill S tati
s o e o er oo n e o ,
S m p
a e c mm c d t
ro s n or e s r o e re e n e on . o e e rson o en e cu

ti g it d w
n w hil
o ft th x c ti b t wa t ai d by th c i d ati ff d th t it m i ht v th
n a e a er e e e u on , u s res r ne e ons er on o e re , a g ser e e

p p
ur ose o f a g ll w f th p i h m t f m f th w h w
a o s or gag d i th m d f th m w h w
e un s en o so e o ose o e re e n e n e ur e r o e en o e re

h a g d th
n e N th t f th gall w li m b ( f m w hich r p i
e re . ear e roo p d d ) w b v d a ca m d
o e o s ro a o e s seen su s e n e eo se r e s r a e

by th pa ag f C f d t ca
e ss l
e o th h th t
a on eI t plac i m k d by a bl ck p t i th pict
era e n n on - rou g e ree. s e s ar e a s o , n e u re .

3
S pag 645 v l m I d pag 33 v l m I I
ee e , o u e .
, an e , o u e .
40 PETTI G R U S DENUN CIATI O N S
’
.

“
pe rson s A m eric an s or E u rop e an s h avi n g a d om ic il e in th e C on federat e
, ,

St at e s an d c arryi n g on b u si n ess or t raffi c within th e St at es at w ar w ith th e

,

C on fe d eracy ” w ere ali e n e n em i e s ; th at th e p ro pe rty of e v e ry ki n d of th ese

,
, ,

p erson s sh ou ld b e se iz e d an d h e ld an d th at th e re c e iv ers of th e sam e sh ou ld ,

apply to th e cl erk of c o u rt s for w rit s of g arn i sh m e n t c om m an di n g p e rso n s ,

‘

su sp e ct e d of h o l din g in t ru st th e p rop e rt y o f an alie n e n e m y to app ear an d

an sw e r su ch q u esti on s un d e r o ath t ou ch in g su ch c u st o dy as m ight b e p ro

, , ,

p ou n d e d T h e auth oriz e d p erson s m aki n g th e se iz ur es w ere fu rn i sh e d w ith

.

a fo rm u l a of q u e sti on s fo r th e g arn i sh ees w hich im pli e d th e e st abli sh m en t o f ,

a c ou rt of in q u i siti on of th e m ost d e sp o tic ki n d .

T h e citiz en w as ask e d fi rst w h eth e r h e h eld in t ru st an y p rope rty b e l on gi n g

, ,

to an ali e n e n e m y ; se c o n dly w h at w as th e ch aract er of su ch p ro p e rty an d , ,

w h at di sp o siti on h ad b e e n m ad e of an y p rofit i n t e re st o r re n t acc ru i n g fro m , ,

th e u se th e reo f ; thi rdly w h e th e r th e citiz e n so q u e sti o n e d h ad si n c e th e Q i st

, ,

day of May 1 8 6 1 b een i n d e bt e d to su ch ali e n e n e m y or e n e m i es an d if so to

, , ,

w h at am ou n t an d to w h at e xt en t th e d e bt s h ad b ee n disch arg e d an d al so to
, ,

e n am es of th e c re dit o rs ; fo u rthly W h e th e r h e kn e w o f an y p ro p e rty

g iv e th ,

or i n t e rest b e l on gi ng to su ch ali en e n e m i e s an d if so to t e ll w h e re it m igh t ,

b e fo u n d T h e ci tiz e n w as w arn e d th at it w as h is d u ty acc o rdi n g to th e

'

,
.

l aw to an sw e r al l of th ese q u esti on s u n d er pe n alty o f i n dict m en t fo r a high

, ,

m isd em e an or p u n i sh abl e by h eavy fi n es an d i m p ri son m e n t

,
.

Un der this searchi n g se q u est rati on ac t a v ast am ou n t of p ro pe rty b e

l on g in g to ow n ers in th e l o y al St at es w as se ize d sw e ll in g th e e n ti re l oss to ,

th e i n h abit an t s o f th ose St at es by th e re p u diati o n of o r i n ability to p ay , ,

h on est d ebt s by th e b u sin ess m en of th e Sou th to abo u t three h u n d re d m il ,

li on s of d oll ars It w as on e of th e st ron g arm s of th e d espo ti sm e st abli sh ed

.

by th e c on spi rat ors an d fe w m en h ad th e bo ldn e ss to Opp o se its o pe rati on s

, .

Y e t th e c on stit u ti on ality of th e actw as q u e sti o n e d in th e C o n fe d e rate c o u rts ;

an d in th at of th e di st rict of Ch arl est o n o v er w hich J u dg e M agrath p re sid e d
’
, ,

it w as o pp ose d in Op e n c o u rt by th at
stan ch l o y alis t J L Pe ttigru w h o . .
, ,

fro m th e b e gi nn in g of th e re b e lli o n
u n til h is d e ath d e fi e d th e c on spi rat o rs
,

an d th e ir i n stru m e n t s He w as se rv e d .

with a w rit o f garn i sh m e n t an d re ,

fus e d to ob e y it t e ll in g th e c ou rt ,

pl ai n ly th at su ch p ro c e e di n g s w e re n o
b e tt er th an th o se w hich m ad e th e
En glish St ar Ch am be r an d th e Sp an i sh
I n qu i si ti o n o di o u s to e v e ry l o v e r o f
lib e rty Was th e re e v e r a law like .

thi s en d ure d p ractic e d o r h e ard of , ,

h e ask e d It c e rt ai n ly is n ot fou n d .

am o n g th e p eo pl e fro m w h o m w e de

mm riv e th e c o m m o n l aw N o E n gli sh
M m n s n .

m o n arch o r P arli ame n t h as e v e r san c

1 A w rit f ga i h m t i E gli h law i w i g

o rn s tic f a p
en n n s s a arn n or n o e or erson to a pp ear in c
ou rt, or giv e in for
ma ti on o f y ki d q i d T h p
an n m d wa call d a ga i h
re u re . e e rson n a e s e rn s ee.
S ee pag 49 v l m Ie , o u e .
 THE PO WER OF C O URA E AN D G PRIN CIPLE .
41

tion ed d ertak en su ch a thin g It is n o m o re a p art of th e law of w ar

or u n .

”
than it is a p art of th e l aw of peac e T h e in q u i sito rs q u ail ed in th e p re sen ce .

of th e h on e st old p at ri ot an d his e x am pl e an d h is w o rd s bl un t e d th e k e en ,

e dg e o f th e law I ts en fo rce m en t g rad u ally d e clin e d an d it b e c am e alm ost

.
‘
,

a d ea d l e tte r d urin g th e l at e r pe ri o d of th e w ar .

At th e cl ose of A u gu st C on g re ss an d th e chi ef c oun c il of th e c on spi rat ors ,

at R ich m on d h ad e ach fi n i sh e d its se ssi on an d b oth p arti es to th e c on t est ,

w e re p re p arin g to p ut forth th e i r u t m ost st ren gth L et u s l e av e th e c on .

sid e rati on of th e se p re p arati on s an d w hil st G en eral Mc C l e l lan is p re p ari n g ,

th e g ran d A rm y of th e P o tomac f or a c am p aig n le t us ret u rn to th e o b serv a ,

ti on of th e pe rforman c es on th e th eat e r of w ar w est ward of th e A ll egh en y

M ou n tain s .

Mr . Pettigru s
’
b ld
fi d lity t p i cipl whil th t ibl i a ity f b lli afiii t d th
o n ess, an d e o rn e e e err e ns n o re e on c e e

p pl f h i S t t w a m t ma kabl H v d vi t d a li i w d a t fr m th high ta d f pp
eo e o s a e, s os re r e . e ne er e a e n e, n or or c , 0 e s n o o o

s iti t th
on mad m
o w hich h h ad tak
e at th b gi i g f th av i g m a i a A d th
e n, p ct w hich h i
e en e e nn n o e r n n . n e re s e s

c ag a d h ty w g f m th w h c
ou r e n on es h p i t d ly d m d wa q it as m a k abl T h
ru n ro ose o se ourse e so o n e co n e ne s u e re r e . e

L gi l t
e f S
s a ure o th Ca l ina d i g that p i d f w il d t m l t l ct d h im t th m t i m p t a t t t a d th
ou ro ur n er o o u u ,
e e e o e os or n rus n e

la g st al a y i th i gi ft am ly t c d ify th Stat l aw
r e s r n e r , n e ,
o o e e s .

Wil li m J G y aa lif l g f i d f P ttig a d wh di d d i g th i g f Cha l t at th ag

. ra so n , e on r en o e ru, n o e ur n e s e e o r es on, e e

o f v ty fi y a l ft i ma c ipt a i t ti g bi g aphical t d y f h i f i d C c i g M
se en -
ve e rs, e , n n us r , n n ere s n o r s u o s r en . on ern n r.

P ttig
e acti
ru s atth
’
p i d w a c id i g h w t
on e er o e re on s er n , e ro e
“T i d c th im pl p pl t pl v l ti a d w a th y w t l d
o n u e g i t th v lca ic fi
e s f th e eo e o un e n o e o n re s o e re o u on n r, e e re o

t hat th a t f d i l ti w l d p d ce
e c o pposi ti f a i
sso u on at ; t h at
ou t a d p f bl d w ld b
ro u no o on o se r o us n ure no ro o oo ou e

s pill d ; that m fi k
e h d no g an s
’
h l d w l d b pl d d d t y d ; th t
oc s, or e r s, or n e roe s, o r ou se s, or an s ou e un ere or es ro e a

un b k p p ity w l d f ll w th O d i a c f S c i that c tt w l d c t l al l E p a d c u
ro en ros e r ou o o e r n n e o e e ss o n o on ou on ro uro e, n se re

o p p t a d b d l c m m c w ith th w h l w l d f th S th Stat T
en or s n o un ess o ch vi w M P tti
er e e o e or or e ou e rn e s. o su e s r . e

g ru wa al t ably O pp
s un d l i w a c vi c d th t w a a chy m ilit y d p ti m w l d i vi tably f l
er o se . e s on n e a ar, n r ,
ar es o s ou ne o

l w a di
o l ti f th U i ; tha t
sso u on i w l d i m pa t t th ab liti p ty a p w v l av y th t
o e n on sece ss o n ou r o e o on ar o er o er s er a

no thi g l c l d giv th m—a p w t mak wa

n e se ou S th i tit ti t p cl aim f d m t th
e e o er o e r on ou ern ns u o n s, o ro re e o o e

g
n e roes, t i v k a d c m ma d t
o n h y m pathy a d aid f th w h l w l d i ca yi g a c ad
o e n o n th e s n o e o e or n rr n on rus e on e

S u th Sta t
o ern es .
"

M P ttig u saw that ba k ptcy w l d f ll w w a ; that p bli fra d w ul d fi d ad v ocat s i R ichm d

r . e r n ru ou o o r u c u o n e n on

as w ll a i Wa h ingt
e s H O pp
n d th ch m f d i ord wh ich hav d l t d th S th T h i p
s on . e ose e se s e es o s er e e so a e e ou . e r ro

j t ec ors p f d t p t ct h f m p ssibl i l a d i v lv d h i p
ro e sse o ro e t d t i bl d i a t
er ro Th o e ev s, n n o e er n re se n an e rr e s s e rs . e

pe pl w d is c t t d t see i g at in f ti g th g a a i f S th i d t y a d w
o e ere on e n e a gd t t
n r s ec n e r n r es o ou ern n us r ,
n ere u r e o se

fi rc t th fo c e f v y S
o ur th ba t g t rid f th v m i n T h y w al a m d at attack
o rn ers o e er ou e rn rn o e o e er . e e re r e s on

s la v y by ch m a J h B w a d h i ba ditti a d p p d as a em dy t h i t wa wi th th a m d
er su en s o n ro n n s n , n ro ose r e o ru s n o r e r e

h d f th e w h le w l d For a ba e futu e ti g cy th y proposed t e co te an en ormous im med i at

or es o o or . r r con n en , e o n un r e

e vil .
”
42 P O S I TI O N or N ATI O NAL m oors IN MISS O URI .

C H A P T ER II .

C I VIL AN D M ILI T AR Y O PE R AT IO NS IN M ISS O U R I .

E l e ft G e n e ral Ly o n in po sse ssi o n of Bo on e ville Mis~ ,

so u ri ‘
fro m w hich h e h ad d riv e n th e Co n fe d e rates
,

d e r Pric e an d J ack so n on th e 1 8 th of
un ,
1 86 1 0

T h e se l ead e rs as w e h av e oh
.

Ju n e .
‘
,

se rv e d w e re sati sfi e d th at th e n o rth e rn p art o f th e

,

St at e w as l ost to th e c au se o f Se c e ssi o n fo r th e t im e , ,

an d th e y e n d eav o re d to c o n c e n t rat e th e i r t roo p s

w ith Be n Mc C u ll och s m ore so u th e rn m e n in th e

’
,

so u th w e st e rn p art of th e C o m m o n w e al th We al so .

l eft C ol on e l F ran z Sig e l in th e vic in ity o f R o ll a p u shi n g w ith e ag er Mi sso u ri ,

l o y alis t s t ow ard th e C o n fe d e rat e c am p s o n th e b o rd e rs of K an sas an d ,

2
A rkan sas .

C ol on e l Sig el arriv e d at Sp ri n g fi eld o n th e 23d o f J u n e w h ere h e ,

w as i n fo rm e d th at th e C o n fe d e rate s u n d e r G o v e rn o r J ack so n w e re
,
m aki ng
,

th e i r w ay from th e O sag e R iv e r in a so u th w e st e rly di re cti o n Ho p ush e d .

on to S arc o xi e a p ost vill ag e in J ackson C o u n ty w h e re h e arriv e d to

,
-
,

w ard th e e v e n i n g o f th e 28 th an d l e arn e d th at G e n e ral P ric e w i th ab ou t

, ,

w as e n c am p e d at Poo l s P rai ri e a fe w m il es n o rth

’
n i n e h u n d re d t roop s , ,

o f N e osh o th e c apit al of N e w t o n C o u n ty an d th at o th er S tat e t ro o p s

, , ,

u n d er J ack so n an d R ai n s w e re m aki n g th e ir w ay in th e sam e di re cti on

,
It .

w as i m p o rt an t to p re v e n t th e i r j u n cti o n Sig e l resolv e d to m arch fi rs t o n .

Pric e an d c apt u re o r di sp e rse h is forc e an d th en t urn i n g n orth w ard attack

, , , ,

th e o th e r t roo p s an d so Op e n a c o m m u n ic ati o n w ith G en e ral Ly o n w h o h e

, , ,

h ad b e en i n fo rm e d (b u t i n c orre ctly ) h ad be e n fighti n g w ith th e C on f e d ,

e rate s o n th e b an k s o f th e Littl e O sag e .

Sig e l s m arch from S arc o xi e h ad j ust c om m en c e d w h en a sc o u t b rought

’

h im w ord th at Pric e h ad fl e d from P oo l s P rai ri e to E lk Mill s thi rty m il e s

’
,

sou th o f N e osh o He at o n c e t u rn ed h is att e n tio n to th e t ro o p s n orth of

.

h im w h o b e su pp ose d w e re e n d e av ori n g to m ak e th e i r w ay i n t o A rk an sas

,
.

He sen t forw ard a d e t ach m en t of tw o c o m p an i e s u n d e r C apt ai n G ron e w ith , ,

tw o fi eld pi e c es t ow ard C e d ar C ree k an d G ran d F all s o n th e N e o sh o to

-
, , ,

o cc u py a road in thi s su pp ose d rou t e of th e C o n fe d e rat e s an d to g ai n in f o r ,

m ati on w hil e h e p u sh e d on w ith th e rem ai n d e r o f h is c om m an d to N e osh o

, ,

re c e ivi n g g ree ti n g s o f w e lc o m e from th e i n h abi tan t s o n th e w a w h o h ad

y ,

b een pill ag e d by th e i n su rg e n t s He h ad al re ady su mm on e d C o l on e l Sal o

.

m on w ith h is Mi sso u ri b att ali on to j o i n h im at N eosh o an d w ith this ad di

, , ,

1 S ee pg
a e 542, vl
o um e I .
3 Se e pa g e 543, v l o um e I
.
 B A TT L E N E AR C ART HA E G .
43

tion to his force h e w en t fo rw a rd to m ee t h is foe l e avi n g a sin gl e rifl e

, ,

co m p an y u n d e r C aptain C on rad to p ro tec t th e l o y al i n h abit an t s th e re with

, ,
s
,

o rd e rs to re treat to S arc o xi e if n e c essary .

Sig e l e n cam p e d cl ose by th e so u th fork of th e Sp ri n g R iv er so uth e ast of ,

C arth ag e th e capital of J as p e r C o u n ty on th e e v en i n g of th e 4th of J u ly

, , ,

afte r a m arch o f t w e n ty fi v e m il es w h e re h e w as i n fo rm e d th at J ackson w as

-
,

nin e o r te n m il es dis t an t in th e dire cti o n of Lam ar th e c o u n ty se at of B art on

, ,

Co un ty w i th fo u r or fi v e th o usan d m e n Sig e l s force c on si st e d o f abo u t

,
.
’

fi ve h u n d re d an d fi fty m en o f th e T hird (his o w n ) Miss o uri R e gi m e n t an d ,

fou r h un d re d of th e F if th (Sal om o n s) R e gi m e n t w ith tw o b atte ri e s of art ill e ry ’

, ,

ea ch c o n s i stin g o f fo u r fi e l d pie c es— in al l ab o u t fi ftee n h u n d red m e n

-
With -
.

th ese t roo p s an d w ith his b agg ag e t rain th ree m il e s in th e re ar h e sl ow ly

,
-
,

ad v an c e d to fi n d his fo e on th e m o rn in g o f th e 5 th h is skirm ish e rs d rivin g , ,

be fo re th e m larg e n u m be rs of m o un te d rifi e m e n w h o see m e d to b e sim w y ,

gath e rin g i nf o rm atio n Six m il e s n orth w ard of C arth ag e th e y p asse d th e D ry

.

F o rk C ree k an d afte r a b ris k m arch o f th ree m il es farth e r th e y c am e u p o n th e

, , ,

C o n fe d e rat e s u n d e r Go v ern or J ac kso n assi st e d by B rig adi e r G e n e ral s R ai n s

, ,
-
,

Cl ark Parso n s an d Sl ack T h e y h ad b ee n marchi n g th atm o rn i n g in se arch o f

, ,
.

Sig e l an d w e re n o w draw n u p in b attl e o rd e r on th e c ro wn of a g e n tl e asc en t

,
.

Sig e l w as soo n co n vin ced tha t h is foe w as v astly h is su pe ri o r n ot on ly in ,

n um b e rs b u t in c av alr y b ut w as d e fici e n t in artill e ry

, ,
T h e y h ad b u t a fe w .

o l d pi e c e s w hich w e re ch arg ed w i th t rac e—

,
ch ain s bit s of i ro n an d o th e r , ,

m issil es Sig e l th e re fo re d e te rm i n ed to m ake his o w n c an n o n pl ay an im

.

po rt an t p art fo r th e y w ere his chie f re li an c e fo r su cc ess

,
.

T h e b attl e c omm e n c e d at a li ttl e p ast ten o c l oc k by Sig e l s fi e l d pi e c es ’ ’

-

u n d e r M aj o r B isc h o fi an d afte r a d e su lt ory c o n te sto f o v e r th ree h o u rs it w as

‘

, , ,

o b se rv e d th at th e

C o n fe d e rat e c av
al ry u n d e r R ai ns

w e re o u t an k n fl i g
th e N ati o n al s on ,

th e right an d l e ft .

’
Sig e l s b agg ag e
t rai n at th e D ry
F o rk C re e k w as
in d an g e r an d h e ,

fe ll b ack to se c u re
it His an t ag o n ist
.

sl o w ly fo ll o wed ,

b u t w as k e p t at
a respe ctfu l dis
tan c e by th e N a
m en
’
s n u n o r O P ER A N O N B
‘

tio nal can n o n tw o

.

of w h ich w e re o n each fl an k an d fo u r in th e re ar o f th e littl e U n i on arm y ,

.

T h e re t reat w as mad e in pe rfe ct o rd e r an d w as b u t littl e in t e rru pt ed by ,

fight in g e xc e pt in g at th e b l ufi s at D ry F ork C re ek th ro u gh w hich th e road

'

, ,

p asse d T h e re th e C onf e d e rate c av al ry m asse d on Sig e l s fron t an d t ri e d to

.
’

i m pe d e h is p rog ress T h ese w ere q uickly dis persed by his g uns, an d by a

.

vig oro us ch arg e of h is i n fan t ry .

 R E T RE AT TO S PRIN G FIELD —LY O N IN M O TI O N
44
.

F in din g th e p re sen c e of an o v e rw h e l min g forc e (esti m at e d at fu ll fi ve

th ou san d m e n i n cl u din g a h eavy re serv e) too g re at to b e l on g b orn e w ith
,

sa e f ty Sig e l c on ti n ue d i
h s o rd e rly r e t r e at t o th e h e ight s n e ar C arth ag e ,
,

ha vi n g b een e n g ag e d in a ru n nin g fight n e arly al l th e w ay T h e C on fe de .

t till p resse d h im s o r e ly H e a tt e m pt e d to giv e h is t roo p s re s t a t t h e

ra es s .

vill ag e b u t th e c av al ry of h is en em y c rossi n g Sp ri n g Riv er at v ari ou s p oi n t s

, , ,

h u n g so th reat en i n gly on his fl an k an d so m e n ac e d th e Sp ri n gfi e ld road th at , ,

c t d t t S c xi w ith t m ch m l t a ti n th e C on fe d er
h e on in u e h s i r e r e a t o ar o e o u u o e s o ,

t l q i hi g p it il f m C th g T h e N ati o n al s h ad
'

a e s re in u s n th e u rs u a fe w m e s r o ar a e .

l ost in th e b attl e thi rt een kill e d an d thi rty on e w ou n d e d all of w h om w e re -

,

b orn e aw ay by th e i r fri en d s T h e y al so l o st n i n e h orse s a b att e ry o f .

,

fou r c an n on an d on e b agg ag e w ag on I n th e m e an ti m e C apt ai n C on

,
.
,

rad an d h is c om p an y o f n i n e ty m e n w h o w e re l e ft in N e osh o h ad b
ee n c ap
, ,

tu re d by th e C on f e d e ra t e s
‘
T h e l o s s o f t h e.
in s u rg e n t s a cc o r di n g t o th e i r
,

cc t w f m thi ty t f ty k ill d a d f m h u d re d a nd
ow n a o u n as r o ,
r o o r e n r o on e n
,

t w en ty fi ve to on e h u n dre d an d fifty w ou n d e d
-
’
T h e y al so l o st fo rty fi v e m e n .
-

m ad e p ri son e rs e ighty h orse s an d a c on sid e rabl e n u m b e r of sh ot g u n s w ith

, ,
-
,

w hich J ack son s c av al ry w e re arm e d

’
.

B e i n g o u t n u m b ere d by th e C on fe d e rat e s m ore than th re e to on e C o l on e l , ,

Sig e l did n ot t arry at S arc o xi e b u t c on ti n u e d h is re t re at by M ou n t V e rn on ,

“
to Sp ri n gfi e ld w h e re h e w as j o i n e d by G e n e ral Ly on o n th e 1 3th ,
0 J ly 1 861
u
,

It w as a fort u n at e m ov em en t fo r
.
,

wh o t ook th e chi e f c om m an d .

Sig e l ; for w ithi n t w e lv e h ou rs after th e b attl e J ackson w as re e n fo rc e d by ,

-

G e n eral s Pric e an d Be n Mc C u lloch w h o c am e w ith se v e ral th ou san d Mis ,

sou ri A rk an sas an d T e x as t r0 0 p s
, ,
.

G en e ral Ly on h ad l eft Bo on e vill e in p u rsu it o f th e fi i gitive C on fe d e rat e s

o n th e 3d o f J u ly w ith a littl e arm y n u m b e rin g ab o u t t w e n ty se v e n h u n d re d
-

m en w ith fou r pi e c e s of artill e ry an d a l o n g b agg ag e t rain

,
T h e day w as -
.

i n t e n sely h ot T h e c om m an d er w as m ou n t e d on an i ron g ray h orse ae c om

.
-
,

a n ie d by h is b o dy g u ard c om p ose d o f te n G e rm an b u tch e rs of St L o u i s

p
-
,
.
,

w h o w ere n ot e d for th e i r siz e st re n gth an d h o rse m an ship an d w e re all w e ll , , ,

m o u n t e d an d h e avily arm e d w ith pi st o l s an d sab ers He reach e d an im .

p ort an t fe rry on th e G ran d Riv e r a b ran ch o f th e O sag e in He n ry C ou n ty on , , ,

w h e re h e w as j o i n e d by th ree th ou san d t roop s from

b
th e 7th
5 J ly ,
u .

K an sas u n d er M aj o r St u rgi s Th e w h ol e forc e c rosse d th e riv e r,

, .

by m e an s o f a si n gl e sc ow by ten o cl o ck o n th e 8 th I n th e m e an ti m e
’
,
.
,

tw o c om p an i es o f c av al ry w h o c rosse d on th e e v e n i n g of th e 7 th h ad p u sh e d
, ,

forw ard to g ai n th e ferry on th e O sag e t w e n ty tw o m il e s ah e ad N e ar th at ,

-
.

p oi n t in th e m id st of a d e n se fore st th e m ai n arm y re ach e d th e riv e r in th e

, ,

afte rn oo n of th e 9 th w h e n th e y w e re sti rre d by in t e n se e xcit e m e n t p ro d u c e d

, ,

by i n t e llig en c e o f C ol on e l Sig e l s fight n e ar C arth ag e ’

.

Ly on w as n o w e ighty m il e s from Sp ri n gfi e ld S ati sfi e d of Sig e l s p e ril .

’
,

h e d e cid e d to ch an g e h is c o u rse an d to h ast en to th e re li e f o f th at offi c e r , ,

by forced m arch es E arly on th e m orn i n g of th e l 0th reg ardl e ss o f th e in

.
,

t e n se h eat an d l ack of sl ee p th e arm y m o v e d fro m th e sou th b an k o f th e ,

R p rt of Col on l Sige l to B igad i er Ge n ral S w

e o e y d at d Sp i gfi l d J uly 1 1 th 1 86 1
r -
e ee n e , e r n e , ,
.

P ll ard s F irst Year of th e War pag e 1 88 I tis be li e v ed th at th e e n tire l oss r th e Con f

o
‘
, . o e d t e ra e s w as at

Jeast 800 m en .
 LY O N S MARC H ’
TO S PRIN G FI ELD — C O NFEDERATE F ORC E . 45

O sage , an d soo n s ri
t kin g a d en se fore st so m e ti m e s p athl e ss an d d ark th e y , ,

w ere c om p e ll e d to m ak e th e i r w ay am on g st ee p hill s d ee p g o rg es sw i ftly , ,

run n i n g stre am s m i ry m o rasse s u gly g u lli e s w ash e d by th e rai n s j agg e d

, , ,

ro ck s an d fall e n ti m be rs
,
At th re e o cl oc k in th e afte rn o on w h e n th e arm y.
’
,

h alt e d for di n n e r th e y w e re t w en ty se v en mil e s from th e i r st arti n g pl ac e in

,
- -

th e m o rn in g Th e m arch w as re sum e d at su n se t an d w as c o n ti n u e d u n til

.
,

th re e o cl o ck o n th e m ornin g of th e 1 l th w h en th e c om m an d e r ord e re d a
’
,

h alt F or fo rty e ight h o u rs m o st of th e m en h ad n ot cl ose d th e i r e y e s in

.
-

sl ee p : Withi n te n m i n u t e s afte r th e o rd e r to h alt w as giv e n n i n e t e n th s o f ,

-

th e w e ari e d so ldi e rs w e re sl um be ri n g T h e y did n ot ste p to u n roll th e i r .

bl an k e ts o r se l e ct a g oo d spo t fo r re sti n g ; b u t offi ce rs an d p riv at e s d ropp e d

,

u p on th e g ro u n d in d ee p sl ee p T h e y h ad m arch e d o v e r a h orribl e road .

,

d u rin g t w e n ty four h o u rs al m ost fift y m il es; E arly th e n e xt m orn i n g a

-

c ou ri e r b rou ght i n t e llig e n c e o f Sig e l s safe ty l Il Sp rin gfi é l d an d th e re m ai n ’

,

der o f th e m arch o f thi rty m il e s w as m ad e l e is u re ly d u rin g th e sp ac e of th e

‘
n e xt tw 0 d ay s .

“
Ly on e n c am pe d n ear Sp ri n gfi e ld an d th en p re p are d to c on t e n d w i th ,

th e o v erw h e l m in g an d c on ti n u ally in c re asi n g n u m b e r o f h is e n e

m i es Withi n th e p e ri o d o f a fe w w e ek s th e C on fe d e rat es h ad
.
,

b ee n d riv e n in t o th e sou th w est e rn c orn e r of Mi ssouri o n th e b o r ,

de r of K an sas an d A rkan sas N o w th e y w e re m ak in g vig o rou s p re p arati o n s .

to re g ain th e t e rrit o ry th e y h ad l o st T h e y h ad bee n l arg e ly re— e n forc e d an d .

,

w e re e sp e ci ally st ro n g in c av al ry At C assvill e th e c apit al o f B arry C ou n ty .

, ,

n e ar th e A rk an sas li n e o n th e gre at o v e rl an d m ail ro u t e th e y e st abli sh e d a

, ,

g en e ral re n d e zv ou s ; an d th ere o n th e 29 th of J u ly fou r So u th ern arm i es , , ,

u n d e r th e re spe ctiv e c o m m an d s o f G en e ral s Pric e Mc C u ll o c h Pe arc e an d , .

,

Mc B ride effe ct e d a j u n cti o n

,
.

At th at ti m e G e n eral Ly on w ith h is littl e force d aily di m i n i sh in g by th e ,

e x i rati o n o f th e t e rm s o f e n li st m e n t w as c o n fi n e d in a d e fen siv e attit u d e to

p ,

th e im m e di at e vici n ity o f Sp ri n gfi e ld He h ad c all e d re p e at e dly fo r re e n .

-

forc em e n t s to w hich n o re spo n se w as giv en He w ait e d for th e m l o n g b u t

,
.
,

th e y did n ot c o m e Ev e ry day h is p ositi o n h ad be c om e m ore pe ril ou s an d

.
,

n o w th e C o n fe d e rat e s w e re w e avin g aro u n d h im a st ro n g w e b o f re al d an g e r ;

’
e t h e reso lv e d to h o ld th e po siti on at al l h azard s
y .

At th e cl ose of J u ly Ly on w as i n fo rm e d th at th e C on fe d e rat e s w e re ,

m archin g u p on Sp ri n gfi e ld in tw o c o l u m n s (in th e aggre g at e m o re th an ,

t w en ty th ou san d st ron g) ; on e from C assvil l e on th e sou th an d th e oth e r , ,

from S arc o xi e on th e w est fo r th e p urp ose of i n v esti n g th e N ati o n al c am p

, ,

an d th e to w n He de t erm in e d to go ou t an d m ee t th e m ; an d l at e in th e
.
,

afte rn oo n o f th e l st of A u g u st h is e n ti re arm y fe e t 400 h o rse an d 1 8 , , ,

gu n s) le d by him se lf m o v e d t o w ard C assvill e w ith th e e xc e p ti on of a sm all

, , ,
3
forc e l eft be hin d to gu ard th e city T h e y biv ou ack e d th at n ight o n C av e .

Life o G en er al N at
f h a n iel L yon . B y Ashbe l Wood ward M , . D .

On J ly y
th e Bl st of u , L
“
a i g: I f a
y th
on wro te, m y m ay b c m mb ld d by wa t f s n e r e en e e o e e o en e ou r n o

a ti vi ty
c hv c t t
. v y la g f c b l w d f th at t att ck w ith v w h lm i g
I a e o n s an ru m ors of a er r e or e e o ,
an o re s o a us o e r e n

nu mb e rs I h l d h av a m ch la g f c tha I h v a d b m ch bett
. s ou e ppli d u r er or e n a e, n e u er su e .
”

Ly f c at thi ti m c i ted f fi c m pa i f th Fi t a d S c d R g la
on s
’
or e s e d Maj St gi ;
on s s o ve o n es o e rs n e on e u rs, un er or ur s

five c m pa i f th Fi t M i
o n es o iVl t Li t a t C l l A d w ; tw c m pa i f th S c d
e rs sso u r o u n ee rs, e u en n -
o on e n re s o o n es o e e on

Mi ssou ri M aj O t h : th c m pa i s f th T hi d Mi
, or s e r au s i C l l Sig l ; Fifth Mi reei Col l Sal
o n e o e r ssour , o on e e ssour , on e o

m on; Fi t I w a C l
rs l B t ; Fi t Ka a C l l D it l ; S c d K a C l l Mitch ll ; tw m
o , o on e i es rs n s s, o on e e z er e on an s s, o one e o co
46 T HE BATTLE OF DUG S P RIN G S .

C ree k ,
th of Sp ri n gfi e ld an d m o v e d forw ard at an e arly h ou r in
ten mil es sou ,

m i g xc iv ly y e d by h t d d u st an d in t en se th irs t fo r
th e o rn n e e ss e a n n o
,
e a an , ,

m ost o f th e w e ll s an d st re am s w ere dry At D ug Sp rin g s n i n e t ee n m il es .

,

so u th w e st o f Sp ri n gfi e ld th e y h alt e d T h e y w e re in an obl o n g v all e y fi v e ,

.
,

m le s in e
i l n gth a n d b r o k e n by p roj e cti n g s p u rs o f th e h ill s w hich fo rm e d ,
,

d d idg S ft h lti g th y di c v re d by cl o u d s o f d u st at th e
w o o e r e s o o n a e r a n e .
s o e
, ,

o th e r e xt re mity O f th e v all e y th at a l arg e b o dy O f m e n w e re th e re an d in ,

m o ti on T h e se w ere C o n fe d erate s u n d e r G en e ral Rain s A b attl e li n e w as -

.
. ,

form e d by th e N ati on al s an d in th at ord e r th e littl e arm y m o v e d forw ard ,

t ow ard th e e n em y l e d by a c om p an y of R eg ul ar In fan t ry u n d er C apt ai n

, ,

St ee l e su pp o rt e d by an o th e r of th e F ou rth R e g u l ar C av al ry u n d er C apt ai n
,
,

St an l e y w hich h e ld th e adv an c e d p o siti o n o n th e l e ft O w in g to th e ridg es

,
.

in th e v all e y ; th e real fo rc e Of e ach p arty w as e asily c o n c e al e d fro m th e o th e r ,

an d affo rd e d o pp o rt u n iti e s fo r su rp ri se s A n d so it h appe n e d Whil e th e v an . .

g u ard O f th e N ati on al s w as m o vi n g c au tio u sly fo rw ard foll o w e d by th e m ai n ,

bo dy an d ski rm i sh e rs w e re e xch an gi n g sh ot s b ri skly a l arg e fo rc e Of C o n

, ,
’
fe d erat e s su dde n ly em e rg e d fro m th e woo d s to c u t o ff St ee l e s i n fan t ry from ,

St an l e y s c av al ry T h e l att e r (abo u t a h u n d re d an d fi fty st ron g) i m m e di at ely

’
.

d re w u p h is m en in p rop er ord e r an d w h e n th e fo e w as w ithi n th e ran g e of th e ir ,

Sh arp s c arbi n e s th e y Op e n e d a d e adly fi re u po n th e m T h e l att e r n u m b e re d

’
,
.

n e arly fi v e h u n d re d T h e y re t u rn e d th e fi re an d a re g u l ar b attl e seem e d

.
,
’
ab o u t to Op en w h e n a su b o rdi n ate offic e r in St an l e y s c o mm an d sh o u t e d
,
”
Ch arg e i an d t we n ty fiv e h orse m e n d ash e d in am o n g th e C o n fe d e rat e in -

fan try h e w i n g th em d ow n w ith th e i r sabe rs w ith fe arfu l sl au ght e r

,
St an l e y .

c ou ld do n othin g be tt er th an su stai n th e irre gul ar o rd e r ; b u t be fo re h e c ou ld

re ach th e h e ro ic littl e b an d w ith re e n fo rc e m e n ts th e Co n fe d e rate s h ad b ro k e n -
,

an d fl e d in th e w ild e st c o n fu si o n
“ —
A re th e se m en or d e vil s th e y fight so ? ”
.

ask e d som e O f th e w o u n d e d o f th e v an q uis h e d w h e n th e c o n flict w as o v er ,

.

Wh en thi s b o dy of Co n fe d e rat e i n fan t ry fl e d a l arge forc e o f th e i r c av alr y ,

app eare d em e rgi n g from th e w ood s C apt ai n T ot ten b ro u ght tw o o f h is g un s .

to b e ar u p on th e m from a c omm an di n g e m in e n c e w ith su ch p re c isi on th at h is ,

sh e ll s fe ll am on g an d sc att e re d th e m in g re at di so rd e r fo r th e ir fright e n e d
,

h orse s b e c am e u n m an ag e abl e T h e w h ol e c o l um n of th e C on fe d e rat e s n o w w ith .

d re w l eavin g th e v all e y in po sse ssi on of th e N ati on al t roop s T h u s e n d e d T H E

,
.

BA rrL E or D UG S P R I N G S Ly on s l oss w as e ight m e n kill e d an d thi rty w ou n d

'
.
’

e d an d th at Of th e C on fe d erat e s w as ab o u t fo rty kill e d an d as m an y w o u n d e d

,
.

T h e N ati on al s m ov e d forw ard th e n e xt m o rn i n g in se arch O f fo e s b u t w e re ,

disapp oin t ed T he y e n c amp e d at C u rran in St on e C o u n ty t w en ty six m il e s

.
, ,
-

from Sp ri n gfi e ld an d re m ai n e d in th at vici n ity u n til th e n e xt day w h e n

,
.
,

G e n e ra l Ly on c all e d a c o un cil of offi ce rs an d it w as d e t e rm in e d

1
,
0A g t4 u us

1 861
to re t u rn to Sp rin gfi e ld
,
T h e arm y m ov e d in th at di re cti on on .

th e fo ll o w i n g m o rn i n g “ an d re ach e d Sp rin gfi e ld on th e 6 th ’
.

, .

pa ic Fi t R g l Caval y C ptai St l y d C ; th c m pa i F i t R g l Cav l y ( c i t )

n s rs e u ar r , a ns an e an arr ree o n es rs e u ar a r re ru s ,

Li t
e u en ant Lath p ; C pt i T tt B tt y R g l A till y i g 6 a d 1 2 p d ; Li t a t D
ro a a n o en s
’
a er , e u ar r er , s x u n s, n -
ou n e rs eu e n n u

B i B tt y R g l a A till y f g
o s
‘
a er 6
. dlZp e d ; C pt i S h a ii Batt y Mi
u r r i Vl t
er ,
o ur u n s, an -
ou n e rs a a n c e
‘

er s
‘
er ,
sso ur o u n e er

A till y i g
r er 0 d12 p
, s xi G l L y gav th m t i m p t t
u n s, an d y c m m a d t B iga
-
o u n f e rs . e ne ra on e e os o r an sec o n ar o n s o r

di G
er- l S w y C l l Sig l a d Maj St gi
e ne ra ee n e , o on e e , n or ur s .

Th 1 ffic call d i t th c cil w B igad i G al S w y C l l Sig l Maj S h fl l d

e o e rs e n o e o un e re r e r- e n er ee n e , o on e e , o rs c o e ,

Sh ph d C
e er t d Stu gi s a d C ptai T tt a d S h a fl
, o n an , an r , n a ns o en n c e
'
e r.

C p d c f th K w Y k W ld a d H ald ; L01 of G en e al Ly by D W od w a d pag

orre s on en e o e e or or n er 1 r on , r. o r , es
29 7 t 801 i cl iv
o , n us e.
 MARCH O F T HE C O NFEDERATE S O N S PRIN GFIELD “
.
47

The e v en t s of th e p ast fe w d ay s h ad giv e n g reat en c ou rag em e n t to b oth

‘
o flice rs an d m en .

The Sp rin g s i m p re sse d G en eral Mc C ul l och (a p art of w h o se

aff a r at D u g
i
c ol u m n it w as th at h ad bee n so smitt e n th e re ) w ith th e i m p ortan c e of g re at
circ um sp e cti on an d afte r c on su lt ati on w ith som e of h is offic e rs h e fe ll b ack
, , , ,

an d m o v in g w e st w ard fo rm e d a j u n cti on w ith th e w e ak er fo rc e u n d e r P ric e

, ,

th en adv an ci n g from Sarc o xi e I n form ati on re ach e d th e m at C an e C re e k .

th at Ly on s fo rc e w as im m e n se ly su pe ri o r an d Mc C u ll oc h c o u n se l e d a re t ro
’
,

g rad e m o v e m e n t Pric e e n t e rt ai n ed a di ffere n t Opi n i on an d fav ore d an

.
,

i mm e di at e adv an c e His ofiice rs agre e d w ith him an d h e ask e d Mc C u ll och

.
,

to l oan h im arm s th at h is d estit u t e Mi sso uri so ldi e rs w h o w e re w illin g to

, ,

fight m ight b e all o w e d to do so McC ul l och ref use d So th e m att e r st ood

, . .
,

w h e n o n th e sam e e v e n in g an ord e r w as re c e iv ed by Mc C u l l oc h
, ,
‘

from M aj or G en e ral P olk ord e rin g an adv an c e u pon Ly on He

-

,
‘
.

c all e d a c o u n c il of h is offic e rs e xhibit e d th e o rd e r to Pric e , ,

an d o ff e re d to m arch i m m e di at e ly on Sp ri n gfi e ld u p o n c o n diti o n th at h e ,

sh o u ld h av e th e chi e f c o mm an d o f th e arm y Pric e an xiou s to d riv e th e .

,
“
N ati on al s o u t of Mi ssou ri yi e ld e d to th e T e x an sayi n g h e w as n ot fighti n g
, ,

for di sti n cti on b ut for th e d e fe n se o f th e lib e rti e s o f h is c ou n t ry He w as .

Willin g to su rren d e r h is c om m an d an d h is life if n e c e ssary as a sac rific e to , ,

”
th e c au se .

O n t aki n g chi e f c o m m an d G e n eral Mc C u l loc h i ssu e d an o rd e r dire ct,

"
,

in g all u n arm e d m e n to re m ai n in c am p an d all o th e rs to p u t ,

5 A g t7 u us
th e i r arm s in o rd e r p ro vid e th e m se lv e s w ith fi fty ro un d s of
.

amm u n iti on e ach an d be in re adin e ss fo r m archi n g at m id n ight

,
He .

divid e d th e arm y i n t o t h ree c ol um ns ; th e fi rs t c o m m an d e d by hi m se lf th e ,

sec on d by G en e ral Pe arc e o f A rkan sas an d th e thi rd by G e n e ral P ric e ; an d

, ,

at th e app o i n te d h o u r th e w h o l e forc e fu l l t w e n ty th o u san d st ro n g in fi n e , ,

spirit s m o v e d t o w ard Sp ri n gfi e ld e x e cti n g to m e e t Ly o n e ight m il e s dis

, p ,

t an t from th eir c am p w h e re th ere w e re st ron g n at u ral d e fe n ses T h e y

,
.

app ro ach e d th e p o siti on c au ti o u sly at su n rise b u t w e re di sapp o in te d T hey , ,

.

p u sh e d fo rw ard u n min dfu l of th e in t en se h eat th e stifli n g d u st an d th e

, , ,

l ack o f w at er ; an d on th e n ight of th e 1 0th th e w eari e d arm y e n c am p e d at

Big Sp rin g a m il e an d a h alf from Wil son s C re ek an d ab ou t ten an d a h alf
,
’
,

m il es so u th o f Sp ri n gfi e ld T h e y w e re in a sad plight . T h e i r b agg ag e t rai n .

-

w as far b e hi n d an d so w e re th e i r be e f c attl e
,
Th e t r0 0 p s h ad n ot e at e n .

an thi n g for t w e n ty fo u r h ou rs a n d fo r te n d ay s p re vi o u sly th e y h ad

y
-

re c e iv e d o n ly h alf rati on s T h e y satisfi e d th e c rav in g s of h u n g e r by eat in g

.

gree n c orn on th e w ay b u t w ith ou t a p articl e of salt or a m ou thfu l of m e at

,
.

T h e y h ad n o bl an k e t s n or t en t s n or cl oth e s e xc e pti n g w h at th e y h ad on
, , ,

th e i r b acks an d fou r fi fth s of th em w ere b are foot e d

-
“ Billy B arl ow s d re ss .
’
,

at a ci rc u s
”
w rot e on e of th e i r n u m be r “ w ou ld b e d e c e n t in c om p ari son w ith
, ,

th at of al m o st an y on e from th e m aj or g en eral d o wn to th e h u m bl e st p ri
,
-

”
v ate .

O n th e 9 th th e w h o l e C onf e d e rat e arm y m o v e d to Wil son s C re e k at a

,
’
,

p oin t sou th w est of Sprin gfi e ld w h ere th at st re am fl ow s th rou gh a n arrow ,

v all e y in cl ose d on e ach sid e by g e n tl e sl opi n g hill s c ov e re d w ith p atch e s of

,

Se e pag
e 640, v l o u me I . Pol lard s F irst Yea r of
‘
th e War page 1 3
,
5
.
48 LY O N PREPARES FO R BAT TLE .

t fi ld c d w h t T h y c m p d n b o th sid e s of th e
l o w re e s an d e s of o rn a n e a e e n a e o .

c ree k an d for n e arly tw o d ay s su b si st e d w h olly u p on g re en c orn T h e i r

,
.

ctiv f c cc d i g t h b t ti m a t w as ab o u t fi ft een th o u san d

e ff e t
e or e a o r n o e e s e s e s ,
,

e r w e re in difi ere n tl
'

m en o w f h o m s ix th o u s an d w ere h o rse m e n T h e l a tt y .

arm
,

e d w ith i
fl t n l o ck m u sk e t s ri fl e s an d s h o-t g u n s ; a n d th ere w ere m a ny
, ,
-

m ou n e t d m e n n o t a r m e d at a ll T h e y h ad fi ft ee n pi e c e s o f a rtill e ry G e n .
.
’

l P ic p r t e d th e n u m b e r o f Mi s so u r i St a t e t ro o p s at fi v e th ou san d tw o
e a
r r e re o

h u n d re d an d t w en ty on e T h e e n t ire n u m b er of C on fe d e rat e s e n c am p e d on -
.

Wil son s C reek app ears to h av e b e en ab ou t t w en ty th ree th ou san d

’ -
.

G en e ral Ly on h ad n ow on ly a littl e m ore th an fi v e th ou san d e ffe ctiv e

m en an d p ru d en c e se em e d to dict at e a re t re at n orth w ard rath er th an ri sk a
,

b attl e u n d er su ch di sadv an t ag e s B u t h e k n e w th at a re t re at at th at ti m e .

w ou ld ru i n th e Un i on c au se in Mi ssou ri an d h e w as w illi n g to ri sk e v e ry ,

thi n g fo r th at c au se He w as c on sci ou s of th e e xt re m e pe ril by w hich h is .

littl e arm y w as su rrou n de d b ut h e h ad re ason to h o pe for su cc e ss for h e w as , ,

in c om m an d of g oo d offic e rs an d b rav e an d w e ll arm e d m en Y e t in a ,

-
.
,

c ou n cil of w ar w hich h e c all e d on th e 9 th th ese offic e rs w ith g re at u n an i

, , ,

m ity fav ore d th e e v ac u ati on of Sp ri n gfi e ld in o rd e r to sav e th e t roo p s ; b ut

, ,

G en eral T W S w ee n e y v eh e m e n tly opp ose d it an d u rg e d m aki n g a st an d

. .
,

w h e re th e y w ere an d w i thd raw i n g from Sp ri n gfi e ld o n ly on co m ,

“
p u l si on O n th e sam e day e ach p arty in th e c on t e st p re p are d
.
’

to adv an c e u p o n th e o th er w ithi n t w e n ty fou r h ou rs -

.

N e c e ssity c om p e ll e d Ly on to go ou t an d m e e t h is foe fo r Sp ri n gfi e ld sit u , ,

at e d on an op e n pl ai n c o u ld n ot b e m ad e de fe n sibl e by m e an s at h is c o m m an d ,
.

E v ery av en u e l eadi n g from i t w ou ld so on b e cl o se d by th e o v erw h e l min g

n u m b e rs of th e C on fe d e rat es an d th e l o ss o f h is w h o l e c o mm an d m ight b e ,

th e c on se q u en c e E v e ry th in g n o w d e p en d e d u p o n se c re cy an d skill o f m o v e
.

m e n t an d h e resolv e d to m arch ou t at n ight su rp ri se h is e n e m y an d by a

, , ,

b o ld st rok e sc att e r h is forc es T w ic e al re ady b e h ad app o i n t e d th e h o u r for .

su ch a m ov e m en t to b e gi n b u t e ach t im e p ru d e n c e c om pe ll e d h im to po st ,

p on e it F i n ally on F rid ay th e 9 th of A u g u st h e p re p are d to e x ec u t e h is

.
, , ,

pl an th at n ight He divid e d h is littl e arm y i n t o tw o c ol um n s an d m ad e

.
,
a
di sp ositi on s to st rik e th e C on fed e rat e c am p at tw o po i n t s sim u l tan eou sl y .

At th e sam e ti m e as w e h av e ob serv e d th e C o n fe d e rate s w ere p re p ari n g , ,

for a sim il ar m ov e m en t T h e y w ere divid e d i n t o fou r c ol u m n s an d o rd e re d .

,
”
to m arch at n i n e o cl o ck on th e n i ht of th e 9 th
’
so as to su r
5 A g t u us .
g ,

ro u n d Sp ri n gfi e ld an d at tack th e N ati on al A rm y at daw n th e n e xt

m orn in g O n acc ou n t of a g ath e ri n g st orm an d th e i n t e n se d arkn e ss Mc C u l

.

l
P llo ar d ’
s F i rst Yea r f
o t
he Wa r , pag e 1 36 .

Woo drafi
L ife of Ly on , a e 808 l S
‘
s y
e n era b i Sp i gfi l d m ti m f m w hich
w een e had pg . G een n r n e so e e, ro

pl c i d p cl
a e h e h ad ssu e a ro J ly c
ama on , o n th e 4th o f ud i g ail d i l y ali t t c a th i pp iti
omm an ti n s o s s o e se e r o os on

G v
,
to th e t
o ern m e n an d t tk th ll gi c
o a e an oa of a e an e .

3 L
y cl
o n
‘
s o um n c i t d th b g d c
on s s e of re e d d p ctiv ly by M j 8 D St gi Li t a t
ri a e s, om m an e re s e e a or . . ur s, e u en n

C l l A d w d C lc a i D it l M j St i b igad w c m p d f battali f R g l a I f t y
o on e n re s, an o v e z e r. a or urg s s
’
r e as o o se o a on o e u r n an r ,
un d Capt i P l m m C pt i T tt light b tt y f i pi c s batt li f Mi i V l t
er a n u e r, a a n d o en s
‘
a er o s x e e a a on o sso ur o u n e e rs, u n er

Maj O t h a C pt i W d c m p a y f m t d K a V l t
.

d a c m pa y f R g la Cav al y
‘
or s er us, a a n oo s o n o ou n e n sas o u n ee rs, an o n o e u r r
un d L i t a t Ca fl ld Li t a t C l l A d w b ig d c i t d f Captai St l battali f
er eu en n n e . e u en n -
o on e n re
‘
e s r a e on s s e o n ee e s
‘
on o

R g l a Li t a t D B i light b tt y f f pi c a d th Fi t Mi
e u rs, eu e n n iV l t
u o s
D it l
‘
b igad a er o o ur e e s, n e rs ssour o u n eers. e z er s
‘
r e
wa c m p
s od f th F i t a d S c d K a a a d Fi t I wa V l t a d tw h d d m t d Mi
o se o e rs n i e on ns s n rs o o u n ee rs, n o un re ou n e ssou r
H m G ad
o e Sig l c l m c i t d f th T hi d a d F ifth M i
u r s . e
’
iV l t
s o u
m pa y f cav l y
n ons s e o e r n sso ur o un e e rs, on e co n o a r .
un d Captai Ca a th f d g
er n d Li t a t F a d f th Fi t i f t y a d a c m pa y f
rr, no er o ra oon s, u n er e u en n arr n o e rs n an r n o n o re
d Li t a t L th p
,

it a with a light batt y f i g

,

orn er o s x un s, u n er e u en n o ro .
 O PENIN G O F T HE BAT TLE O F WILS O N S ’
CREEK 49

l och c ou n te rm an ded th e ord er an d his arm y w e ari e d w ith w ait in g an d , ,

w atc hin g w as stil l in c am p on Wil so n s C ree k o n th e m orn i n g of th e l oth ‘ ’

, .

T hi s w as a fort u n ate circ u m st an c e for Ly on He h ad m o v e d atth e app o in t ed .

h o u r ; an d as Mc C u ll oc h in an ticip ati on of his m arch u p on Sp ri n gfi eld h ad , ,

withdraw n h is adv an c e d pick et s an d fe e li n g n o app re h e n si on s of an att ack b y , ,

Ly on w ith h is sm all forc e h ad n ot th ro w n th e m o u t ag ai n th e N ati on al s , ,

w ere afford e d an o pp ort u n ity fo r a c om pl et e su rp ri se of th e i r f oe .

T h e tw o c o l u m n s of th e N ati on al Ar m y w ere l e d re sp e ctiv e ly by Ly on

an d Sig e l T h e fo rm e r with M aj or St u rgi s as h is se c o n d in c om m an d
.
, ,

m arch e d fro m Sp ri n gfi e ld w ith th e m ai n b ody at fi v e o cl ock in th e afte r

’
,

n oo n of th e 9 th
“
to fall u p on th e C on fe d e rat e s in fron t l ea vi n g
, ,

Sig el w ith t w e lv e h u n d re d m en an d six g un s to gai n th e i r re ar

, ,

by th ei r right Ly on s fo rc e arriv e d w ith in sight o f th e C o n

.
’

fe d e rat e g u ard fi re s at o n e o cl ock in th e m orn i n g w h e re th e y l ay on th ei r

-
’
,

arm s un til d aw n Sig e l in th e m ean t im e h ad l e ft h is p ositi on a littl e sou th

.

o f Sp ri n gfi e ld an d w as in th e C o n fe d erat e re ar at th e app oi n t e d ti m e re ady

, ,

to st rik e th e m e di tat e d bl o w .

‘
Ly on form e d a lin e of b attl e at fi v e o cl o ck an d m o v e d A g 10
’
, u . .

forward to att ack th e e xt re m e n orth ern p oi n t o f th e C onf e d e rat e

c am p o cc u pi e d by G e n e ral Rai n s close ly fo llo w e d by T o tten s B att ery ,
, ,
’

which w as su pp o rt e d by a st ro n g re se rv e T h e C o n fe d e rat e pick e ts w ere .

driv en in by Ly o n s ski rm i sh e rs an d th e N ati o n al s w e re w i thi n m u sk e t

’
,

ran g e o f th e h ostil e c am p in fro n t o f R ai n s be fo re th e l att e r w as aw are of

th e i r app roach R ain s i m m e di at e ly c o mm u n ic at e d th e ast ou n din g fact to

.
‘

Ge n e ral Pric e He t o ld h im t ru ly th at th e m ai n bo dy o f th e N ati on al A rm y

.
,

w as clo se u p on h im an d h e c all e d e arn e stly for re e n fo rc em e n t s

,
Mc C u ll o ch -
.

w as at P ric e s q u art e rs w h e n th e al arm i n g n e w s arriv e d an d h e h ast en e d at

’
,

on ce to h is o w n to m ak e di s p o siti o n s f or b attl e
,
.

G e n e ral Ly o n p ush e d o n w ith vig o r w h e n th e C o n fe d e rat e c am p pi c kets

T h e m ou n t e d Hom e G u ard s an d C aptai n Pl um m e r s b att al
’
we re d riv en i n .

ion w ere th ro w n ac ross Wil son s C re e k n e ar a sharp b e n d an d m o v e d on a ’

, ,

li n e w ith th e adv an c e of th e m ai n b o dy fer th e p u rp ose of p re v en ti n g th e ,

l eft fl an k of th e N ati o n al s b e in g t u rn e d St eadily on w ard th e m ai n c ol um n .

m arch e d al o n g a ravin e w h e n on asce n di n g a ridg e it c o n fron t e d a l arg e , , ,

forc e of C on fe d erat e foo t so ldi ers c om p ose d of th e in f an t ry an d art ill e ry of -

,

P ric e s c o m m an d u n der Ge n e ral s W Y Sl ack J H Mc B ride J B Cl ark

’
, . .
,
. .
,
. .
,

an d M M P arson s. T h e se w e re all Mi ssou ri St at e G uard s

. . D i sp ositi o n s .

for a c on t e st w e re at o n c e m ad e by b o t h p arti e s T h e b att ali on s of M aj or .

O ste rh aus an d tw o c o m p an i e s o f th e F i rst Mi ssou ri V o l u n t e ers u n d er C ap

, ,

t ain s Y at es an d C av en d e r o f th e N ati onal s d e pl o y e d as ski rm i sh ers At th e , ,

.

sam e ti m e th e l e ft se cti on o f C apt ai n T otten s B att ery

’
u n d er Li e u t en an t ,

So kal ski fi re d u p o n th e i r foe

,
A fe w m om en t s afterw ard th e re m ai n d er of .
,

th e b atte ry plan te d on an e m i n e n c e m o re to th e right an d fron t o p e n e d w ith

, ,

su ch d estru c tiv e e ffe ct th at th e C on f ed e rat e s b rok e an d w ere d ri v en by

, ,

Lyo n s in f an t ry to th e hill s o v e rl oo ki n g th e i r c am p
’
.

T o se iz e an d o cc u py th e c rest of th e hill s from w hich th e C on fe d erat es

p t fG
Re or l P ic t G v
o e n e ra r e o o ern or Jack son , Au g t 1 2th 1 861 P ll a d i h i F i t Y a f th Wa
us , . o r ,
n s rs e r o e r,

pag 1 37 ay th at aft
e ,
s s, i vi g d e r rec e n or ers ch
to m ar ,
on th v i g f th 9 th th t p mad p pa ati a d
e e en n o e ,
e roo s e re r on , n

g t p a da
o u b f th i cam p fi res
n ce e ore e r -
. T hi da cs n e w as k pt up til a l at h
e un e our.

Von I I —4 .
50 B A TT LE or WILS O N S ’
C REEK .

h ad b een d riv en w as m ost d esirabl e an d for tha t p ur p ose th e F i rst M issouri , ,

F irs t K an sas an d F i rst I o w a w ith T otten s B att ery p u sh e d fo rw ard M aj or

, ,
’
, ,

O sterh au s s b att alion be i n g o n th e e xtre m e right h is o w n right resti n g on

’
,

th e sid e of an ab ru pt ravi n e A lin e o f b attl e w as i m m edi at e ly fo rm e d on

.

th e hil l w ith th e Mi ssou ri t r0 0 p s in fro n t th e K an sas t roo p s sixty y ard s to

, ,

th e l eft o n th e o pp o sit e sid e o f a ravi n e an d th e I o w a t roo p s still farth er to

, ,

th e l e ft T o tte n s B att e ry w as pl an t e d on an e m i n e n c e be t w e e n th e M isso u ri

’
. ,

an d K an sas t roo p s ; an d D u b o i s s B att e ry su ppo rte d by St ee l e s b att alion

’ ’
, ,

w as pl ac ed ab ou t e ighty y ard s to th e l eft an d rearof it in a p ositi on to pl ay ,

.

u po n a c o n c e al e d C o n f e d e rat e b att e ry on th e c res t o f a ridg e ac ro ss th e

c reek w hich sw e pt th e p ositi on of th e N ati on als I n th e m ean ti m e T o tt en

,
.
,

att ack e d a m ask e d b att e ry o n th e l eft b an k o f th e c re e k w h o se po siti o n ,

c ou ld on ly b e k n o w n by th e fl ash an d sm ok e o f its g u ns D i re ctly in fron t .

,

u n d er T otte n s g u n s l ay th e c am p o f G en eral R ai n s e n t ire ly d e se rt e d

’
.
, ,

Th e b attl e n o w b e c am e g e n e ral A v e ry se v e re co n t est w as ragi n g on th e

.

right w h ere th e F i rst Mi sso u ri w as fightin g in thick u n d e rw oo d

,
It w as a .

c on t est i n v o lvi n g a st ru ggl e b e t w ee n su pe ri o r arm s w e ll u sed an d o v er ,

w h e l m in g n u m be rs A s th e rank s of th e C onf e d e rate s w e re pe n e t rat e d an d

.

g ap s w e re m ad e th e y w e re i m m e di at e ly fi ll e d ; an d in th is t e rribl e c on flict
,

th e l i n e of th e Mi sso u ri an s w as sadly thin n e d T o tt en w as o rd e re d u p to .

the i r su pp ort an d h is c an i st e r sh o t m ad e aw fu l l an e s th rou gh a l arg e bo dy ‘

-
,

of C on fe d e rat e s w h o by th e t rick of c arryi n g a Un i o n fl ag app roach ed

, , ,

qu i te n e ar for th e p u rp ose of c apt u ri n g h is c an n o n T h e d e c e pti on w as dis .

c o v e re d in tim e to all o w T ott e n to p un i sh th e m se v e re ly , an d full h al f an

h ou r h is an d D ub oi s s B att e ry m ad e a c on ti n u al roar In th e m e an ti m e
’
.
,

Pl u m m e r s b att ali on in th e b en d of th e st re am w as e n c o u n t e ri n g a l arg e

’
, ,

b o dy of i n fan t ry in a c orn fi e ld T h e fight th e re w as t e rrific for a w hil e

-
.
,

w h en o v e r tw o th ou san d C on fe d e rat e s c am e p o u ri n g in t o th e Op e n fi e ld
from th e w ood s lik e a t orre n t thre at en i n g to o v e rw h e l m an d an n ihil at e th e
,

N ati on al s in an i n st an t T h e l att er p erc e ivi n g th e i r p e ril re tre ate d in g ood

.
, ,

ord e r w hil e sh e ll s fro m D u b o i s s B att e ry th ro w n w ith p re ci s i on fe ll am on g

’
, , ,

th e p u rsu ers w ith su ch fearfu l e ffe ct th at th e y t u rn e d an d fl e d T h e C on

, .

fe d erat e s h ad b een st ru gglin g vig orou sly an d b rav e ly to t u rn th e l eft fl an k

of th e N ati on al s
; b u t n ow aft e r su ch fe arful l oss an d d e m oralizati on th e y
, ,

ab an d o n e d th e at te m pt .

Whil st Ly on w as th u s c arryin g o n th e b attl e o n th e C o n fe d erat e fro n t ,

Sigel w h ose assig n e d d uty w as to t u rn th e ir right by th e re ar h ad o p e n e d

,

With h is t w elv e h u n d re d m en an d b att e ry o f six c an n o n h e h ad

, ,

fi re.
, ,

reach e d a p ositi on w ithi n a m il e o f th e i r c am p at d a

wn He h ad m o v e d .

w ith g re at skill an d c au ti o n an d h is al e rt littl e forc e h ad c u t off se v e ral

, .

sq u ad s of th e i r en em y in su ch a w a
y th at n o i n t e llig en c e of h is app roach
c ou ld re ach th e C on fe d e rat e Arm y Al m o st th e fi rst i n ti m ati o n giv e n th em .

o f h is p re se n c e w as th e b u rsti n g o f h is sh e ll s o v r th i
e e r t e n t s n e ar th e m i ddl e
of th e i r e n c am p m e n t at th e m om e n t w h e n th e b o o
min g of Ly on s h eav y
’
,

g u n s w as h e ard in an oth er p art of th e fi e ld T h e di sm ay e d C on fe d erate s .

,

com p ose d of th e regim en t o f C ol o n e l Ch u rchil l G reer s T e x an Ran g ers an d ,

’
,
n e arly se v en h u n d re d m ou n t e d Mi sso uri an s c
om m an d e d by C ol o n e l B ro wn , ,
fl ed l eavin g e v e ry thi n g b ehi n d th e m w h en Sig e l s m e n rush e d ac ro ss th e ’
, ;
c reek t rav erse d th e d esol at e c am p an d form ed alm ost in its c e n t e r T h e
, , .
 BA T T LE or WILS O N S ’
C REEK .
Si

C on fe d erat es i mm edi at ely reappeare d in st ron g forc e of i n fan t ry an d c av al ry ,

w h e n Sig e l b ro u ght h is artill ery in to a c om m an din g p ositi o n an d w ith it ,

d ro v e h is foes in t o th e w ood s .

He ari n g th e c o n ti n ue d roar of Ly on s h e avy g un s Sig e l n o w p re sse d for ’

,

w ard to att ack th e C on fe d erat e li n e of b attl e in th e re ar He h ad p asse d .

al o n g th e F ay e tt e

v ill e road as far as ,

Sh arp s farm w i th
’
,

abo u t a h u n d re d

p riso n e rs w h o m h e
h ad c ap tu re d, w h e n
th e fi rin g at th e
n o rth w ard al m ost

c e ase d S ee i n g at.

th e sam e ti m e
l arg e n u m b e rs o f
th e C o n fe d e rate s
m ovi n g so u th w ard ,

h e be li e v e d th at
Ly on h ad w o n a
vict o ry ; an d th at
be li e f w as st re n gth
e n e d w h e n it w as
,

re p o rt e d to h im
th at N ati o nal so l
die rs w e re ap

roac h in h is li n e
p g .

O rd e rs w e re giv en
no t to fi re in th at o o n vu u av c . .

di re ctio n an d fl ag s
P N o
,
w
‘
-
a LA r r u n B A T ru g o r rus o x s nn e x.
o f fri e n dly g ree ti n g

w e re w av e d w h en su dd e n ly th e adv an ci n g t roo p s rai se d th e C on fe d e rat e

,

b an n e r an d tw o b att e ri es di re ctly in fro n t of Sige l s force op en e d a h eav y

, ,
’
,

an d d e st ru ctiv e fi re u p o n th e N ati o n al s T h e C on fe d e rat e s st ron g in n u m .

,

b e rs an d d resse d lik e Sige l s m e n h ad so d e ce iv e d th at c om m an d e r th at th e y

,
’
, ,

w e re all o w e d to app roach w ithi n l ess th an m u sk e t sh o t di st an c e b e fore th e -

t rick w as di sc o v e re d T h e c on ste rn ati on in h is ran k s was t e rribl e an d e v e ry

.
,

arm see m e d p aralyz e d for a m om e n t I n th e su dd e n c on fusi o n th e C o n fe d .

e rat e s ru sh e d fo rw ard kill e d th e artill e ry h o rses an d t u rn i n g th e fl a

,
n k s of
, ,

th e i n fan t ry c au se d th em to fly in th e w ild e st di so rd e r
,
T h e y rush e d in t o .

b u sh es an d b y road s in c essan tly att ack e d by l arg e n u m b e rs of A rk an sas an d

-

T e x as c av al ry T h e e n ti re b att e ry w as c apt u re d ; an d in th e c o u rse o f a

.
,

fe w min u te s of his t w e lv e h u n d re d m e n Sig e l h ad on ly ab o u t th ree h u n d re d

, ,

l eft He sav e d th ese an d on e of h is c an n on b ut l ost h is reg im e n t al fl ag

.
,
’

’
S u ch n ow co m p ose d th e en ti re remn an t of Ly on s se c on d c o l u m n ’
.

1 p i Fl gg f t d p t thi g a d m ad m f th C f d at p i
Ca t
a n a a s en e ro es o d aw it fl th fi l d
s u n, n e so e o e on e er e r son e rs r o
‘

e e .

Th c m p iti f Sig l c p w t w ll fitt d f a t yi g p i ti Th t m f vi c f th

’
e o os on o e s or s as n o e e or r n os on . e er o se r e o e

h Mi ssou i had xpi d a d th

Fift r gag m t t m ai ight d ay l g
e re ,
n d d
e en th day b f eth b attl
en o re n e s on er e n e on e e ore e e.
52 BAT TLE or WILS O N S ’
CREEK .

T h ere h ad b een a l u ll in th e t em pe st of w ar w h e n thi s su cc essfu l st rat a ,

e m of th e C on fed e rat es w as p e rform e d N o w th e sto rm b u rst with in

g f .

c re ase d fu ry an d th e fight w as t errific all al on g th e li n e as w e sh all obse rv e

, ,

p rese n tly .

We left Ly on s c ol um n con t en di n g w ith th e C on fe d e rat e s in fron t w h en

’
,

e ach p arty in t urn h ad b e e n c om pe ll e d to giv e w ay b u t e q u ally b rav e an d , ,

d e t erm in e d h ad re n e w e d th e c on te st w ith vig o r At l e n gth as w e h av e

,
.
,

seen w h en Sig e l w as p u shin g al on g th e F ay e tt e vill e ro ad to strik e th e C on

, ,

fe d erat e rear th e fi ri n g h ad c e ase d al o n g al m ost th e e n ti re l in e

,
T h e e x ce p . .

ti onw as on th e e xt rem e right of th e N ati on al fo rc e s w h e re th e F i rst Mis ,

sou ri assi ste d by th e F i rst I o w a an d K an sas re gi m e n t s w e re v alian tly b e atin g

, ,

b ack th e foe in th eir att e m pt s to t u rn th at fl an k T h e y w ere p ati e n tly

,
.

c arryin g on an un eq u al con t est w ith a su pe ri o r fo rc e th o u gh d e ci m at e d , ,

d u ri n g ov er fou r h ou rs h ard fighti n g T h e y w ere al m o st fai n ti n g w ith w e ari

’
.

n ess an d th irst aft e r h avi n g re pe at e dly d riv e n b ack th e i r e n e m y w h e n a

, ,

h e avy b ody of fre sh C on federat e s w ere see n h u rryi n g fo rw ard to giv e th e m a

c ru shi n g bl ow T h e q u ick e ye an d j udg m en t o f G e n e ral Ly on saw th e pe ril
.

of h is c om rad e s an d h e o rd e re d th e S e c o n d Kan sas to th e i r su pp o rt

,
He .

ro d e forw ard hi m se lf an d p e rc e i v i n g th e dan g e r g re ate r th an h e app re h e n d e d

, ,

ord e re d T o tt en to sen d aid fro m h is b atte ry fo r th e right o f th e c on t en di n g

N ati on al s Lie u t en an t S okalski w as i m m e di at e ly o rd e re d fo rw ard w i th a sec

.

ti on an d p rom pt re li ef w as affo rd e d by h is skillfu l u se of h is g u n s

,
.

A n e w d an g er to th e N ati o n al s n o w ap pe are d E ight h u n d re d C on fede .

rat e c av al ry h ad fo rm e d a lin e of b at tl e u n o b se rv e d b ehi n d a ridg e an d , , ,

su dd en ly d ash e d t o w ard th e N ati o n al re ar w h e re so m e K an sas t roo p s w e re ,

g u ardi n g am b u l an c es for th e w o un de d V o ll e y s from i n fan try did n ot ch ec k .

th e i r m o v em en t ; b u t w h e n th e y w ere w ithin tw o h u n d re d y ards of T otte n s ’

B att e ry th at offi c er sudd e n ly w h ee l ed h is g u n s t u rn e d th e m u p on the

, ,

h orsem en an d op en ed su ch a d e adly fi re th at th e y an d th e i r b e ast s fe ll in

,

h eap s T h e efl e c t w as m arv e l o u s T h ose m o u n t e d m e n w h o h ad j u st

'

. .
,

b een p rou l dy sc orn i n g all opp ositi on an d fee li n g su re of t u rn i n g th e tid e ,

of vict ory in fav o r of th e C on fe d e rat es w ith v e ry littl e m o re figh ti n g w e re

,

n o w su dd en ly sc att ere d in c o n fu si on T h e ch e ck i m m e di at e ly b e c am e a .

ro u t,
an d e v e ry m an in th e saddl e so u ght th e sh e lt e r o f th e w oo d s o r

i nt e rv en i n g ridg e s M e an w hil e th e su pp ort of St e e l e s B att e ry w as t ran s

.
’

ferre d from D u b oi s s to T otte n s T h ese h ad j u st fo rm e d in b attl e li n e w h en a

’ ’
.

v e ry h e avy b ody of C on f ed erat e s c am e pou ri n g ou t of th e w ood s on Ly on s ,

’

fron t an d fl an k I n st an tly th e h u rric an e of w ar w as ag ai n in fu ll c are e r o v e r

.

th at h ard fou ght fi eld B ack w ard an d forw ard th e c on t e n di n g li n es sw ay e d

-
.

th e i r fron t s often w ithi n a fe w y ard s of each oth e r E v e ry e ff e ctiv e m an in .

Ly on s c o l u m n w as n o w e n g ag e d F or an h ou r th e c on flict w as t e rribl e an d
’
.
,

al l th at tim e it se e m e d as if a fe ath e r s w e ight w ou ld t u rn th e sc al e in fav o r ’

of on e o r th e oth e r Ly on w as seen c on t in u ally m o v in g al on g th e li n es

.

w h e re v e r th e st o rm rag e d m ost fu ri ou sly e n c ou ragi n g h is m e n by b rav e

,
.

w ord s an d b rav e r d ee d s Ve ry early in thi s fi erc e e n g age m e n t h is h orse

.

w as sh ot T h en h e re c e iv e d a w ou n d in th e l e a th i th h ad so on
g; n o e r n e e
.

T h e m envi g th ca s er n e n n on w e re a tk en f m th i fa t y a d w m tly c it M y ffi c
ro e n n r , n e re os re ru s. an o e rs h ad l eft
,
a d ag
n at p ti f th
re er or on o e m en of th e T hi d R gim t w
r e i m p f tly d ill d a d had v b n
en ere e r ec r e n ne er ee un d er fi re
bf
e ore .
,
 DEAT H or G E NE RA L LY O N .
’

53

fo ll ow ed, w h en, p arti all y st u n n ed h e w al k ed a fe w p ac e s to th e re ar an d

,
”
sa id to M aj or Sc h ofi e l d desp o n d in gly I fe ar th e day is l o st
,
N o G en e,
.
,

ral l e t u s tr
, y o n c e m ore w as th e re ply T h e c o m m an d e r soo n ralli e d an d
,
.
, ,

re g ardl e ss o f th e bl oo d still fl o w in g from h is w o u n d s h e m ou n te d th e h orse ,

o f o n e o f Maj o r St u rgis s o rd erli es and pl acin g him se lf in fro n t o f th e Se c on d

’
,

K an sas w h o w e re l e d by th e g all an t Co l on e l Mitch e ll h e sw u n g h is h at o v e r

, , ‘

h is h ea d a n d ca llin g l ou dly for th e t r0 0 p s to fo ll o w d ash e d fo rw ard w ith a

, ,

de spe rat e d e t e rm in ati o n to g ain th e vict ory Mitch e ll fe ll se v ere ly w ou n d ed .

,

an d h is t roop s ask ed
“Wh o sh all l ead u s ,
— “ ”
I w ill l ead y o u said th e ,
”
c hief ; co m e o n b rav e m e n ! In a fe w m o m en ts af t e rw ard a rifl e b all e n t e re d
,
-

h is l e ft sid e an d p asse d th ro u gh his bo dy n ear th e h eart He fe ll in th e arm s .

”
o f h is b o dy se rv an t Albe rt Le h man sayi n g : Le h m an I am g oi n g an d
, , , ,

e xpi re d a fe w sec on d s aft e rw ard .

It w as ab o u t n in e o cl oc k in th e m orn i n g w h en Ge n e ral Ly on fe ll an d
’
,

th e c o m ma n d de v o l v e d u po n M aj o r S t u rg is T h e C on fed e rat e s h ad j u st b e en .

re p u l se d al o n g th e w h ol e l i n e an d fo r t w e n ty min u t e s th e re w as an o th e r l u ll
,

in th e s to rm T aki n g adv an tag e o f thi s re spit e St urgi s c o n su lt e d w ith h is

.
,

o flice rs T h e littl e arm y w as drea dfu ll y sh att e red an d its b e l o v e d l ea d er

.
,

w as slain I n its fro n t w e re at l e ast t w e n ty th o u san d m e n o f w h o m tw o

.
,

thi rd s w e re e ffec tiv e so l die rs T h e N ati o n al s h ad th e n b ee n w ith ou t w at er

.

n ea rly thi rt y h o u rs an d a su pply co u ld b e h ad o n ly at Sp ri n gfi e ld

,
t w e lv e ,

m il e s d i st an t Ce rtai n d e feat see m e d to aw ait th e little b an d T h e l oss of

. .

Sige l s c o l um n w as n ot th e n k n o w n His sil e n c e w as om i n ou s If h e h ad

’
. .

q
re t rea te d n o th in g w as l e ft fo r St u r i s to do b u t to fo ll o w h is e x am p le The
, g .

g rea t ue stio n to b e d ec id e d w as I s re t re at po ssible It w as u n d e r c on

,

s id e ratio n w h e n th e c o u nc il w as s u dd e n ly b ro k e n u by th e app e aran c e o f a

p
h eavy bo dy o f i n fan t ry adv an c in g fro m th e hil l on w hich Sige l s g u n s h ad ’

b ee n h ea rd Abo v e th e m w as see n w avi n g th e ban n e r o f th e Un i on Pre

. .

aratio n s w e re ma d e to fo rm a j u n cti o n w ith th e m an d th e y h ad app ro ach e d

p ,
’
to a c o v e re d po si ti o n w ithi n a sho rt d i sta n c e o f St urgi s s l in e w h e n a b att e ry ,

u o n a hill in th e rea r o p e n e d a h e av y fi re u p on th e N ati o n al s an d th e

p ,

app roa chi n g t roo p s di spla y e d th e C on fe d e rat e fla g .

F o r th e thir d tim e d u ri n g th e b attl e th e U n i o n so ldiers h ad be e n d e c e iv e d

by thi s st rat ag e m I n thi scase th e C o n fede rat e s c am e h avi n g an appear
.
,

an c e e x actly lik e Sige l s m e n an d th e b att e ry w ith w hich th e y an n ou n c e d

’

th e i r tru e ch aracte r w as c o m p o se d o f Sig e l s c apt u re d g u n s ! T h e ir v oi ce ’

w as th e sig n al fo r a re n e w al o f th e c on flict an d th e y w e re sp ee dily sil en c e d ,

by D u bo i s su ppo rt e d by O st e rhaus an d a re m n an t o f th e F i rst Mi ssou ri T h e

,
.

b attl e rag e d fi erc e ly for a ti m e T o tte n s B att e ry supp ort e d by I ow a an d

.
’
,

R e g u lar t roop s in th e c e n t e r of th e N ati on al li n e w as th e sp e cial o bj e ct of

, ,

attack . Th e tw o arm i e s w e re som e ti m e s w i thi n a fe w fee t of e ach o th er an d ,

face s w ere sc orch e d by th e fl ash of a foe m an s gu n Th e Un i on c olum n st ood ’

.

like a rock in th e m id st of t u rb u l e n t wav es d ashi n g th em i n t o foam Its

'

.
,

o ppo n e n t s w e re v astly its su p e ri o r in n u m be rs At l en gth its li n e presse d .

,

by an e n orm ou s w e ight b e g an to ben d At th at c ritic al m om e n t C apt ai n

,
.

G ran ge r d ash e d forw ard fro m th e rear w ith th e su pp ort of D u b o is s B att ery ’
,

co n sisti n g o f po rti on s cf th e F i rst K an sas F i rst Mi ssou ri an d F i rst I o w a , ,

Re g im e n ts T h ese po u re d u p on th e C on fe d erate s a v oll e y so d est ru ctiv e th at

.

th eir right w in g rec oil e d l eavin g th e e arth st re w n w ith th e ir de ad an d

,
 54
‘

THE N A T I O NA L S WI T H D R A WN FR O M S P RI N G FI ELD .

w ou n ed d c
Th e on u s o f i n c
.
au se d by th is di s as t e r sp re a d o v er th e e n tire C o n

fe d erat e li n e an d in b rok en m asse s th e y fe ll b ack to th e sh e lt er of th e w ood s

,
.

At th e sam e tim e th e i r w ag on t rai n w as on fi re its h u g e c ol u m ns of bl ack ,

-
,

k h di t c givi g h t t th N a ti o n al s by its see m i n g i n dic ati o n s

sm o e in t e s a n e n e ar o e

Of a d es ig n on t e h p a rt Of t h e e n e m y t o fly B u t thi s th e y did n o t d o T h e y . .

h e ld th e fi e ld .

“
T h u s en d e d at e l e v en o cl o ck in th e m orn i n g th e B A IT L E O F
’ '

, ,
“A
252 ?
10
W IL S O N S C R E E K ‘
afte r a st ru ggl e of fi v e o r six h ou rs
’ ’
w hich , ,

p d i i t ity a d p w e ss o b th s id es d u rin g
w a s n o t s u r as se n n e n s n ro n o , ,

th e g re at w ar th at fo ll o w e d Th e N ati o n al l o ss w as b et w ee n t w e lv e an d .
’

thi rt ee n h u n dre d an d th at Of th e C on fe d e rat e s w as acc ordi n g to th e m ost

, ,

c are fu l e sti m at e fu ll th ree th ou san d T h e sh att e re d N ati on al t ro op s w e re

,
.
3

in n o c on diti on to fo ll o w u p th e adv an t ag e w hich th e y h ad g ai n e d in th e

cl osi n g c on t est T h ei r st re n gth an d th e i r am m u n iti on w e re n e arly e xh au st ed
. ,

an d n o thi n g rem ai n e d fo r th e m to do b u t to fall b ack to Sp ri n gfi e ld Th e .

O rd er f or th at m ov e m en t w as giv e n at th e cl ose o f th e b attl e an d th e littl e ,

arm y j oi n e d on th e w ay by a p orti on Of th e re m n an t o f Sig e l s c o l u m n

’

, ,

re ach e d th e Old c am p still u n d e r th e p rot e cti o n Of a b ody of Hom e G u ard s , ,

at fi v e O cl o ck in th e afte rn oo n
’
I n th e h u rr y Of re t re at th e b ody o f G e n e ral .
,
‘
Ly on w as l e ft b ehi n d b ut it w as su b se q u e n tly re c o v e re d ,
.

Un der th e g e n e ral c om m an d of C ol on e l Sig e l th e e n ti re U n i o n forc e

“
,

e ft Sp rin gfi e ld th e n e xt m orn i n g at th re e O cl o ck an d in g oo d
’
l
6 A g t 11 ,
u us .

ord er re t re at e d to R o ll a o n e h u n d re d an d t w e n ty fi v e m il e s ,
-

dist an t in th e di re cti on O f St L ou i s safe ly c on d u c ti n g a G o v e rn m e n t t rai n

,
.
, ,

fi v e m il e s in l en gth an d v al u e d at o n e m illi on fi v e h u n d re d th o u san d d oll ars

,
.

1C f d at call d th th Battl f O k Hil l

The on e er es e is e e o a .

Th 2 x m pl f Ly i th cam p ig w hich f h im d d at Sp i gfi l d i pi d all f h i f ll w

e e a e o on n e a n, or en e r n e ,
ns re o s o o ers

w ith th m t l d i ly q aliti a d th y w
e os mi
so tly d i pl y d aft wa d F m h i littl m y a l g
er u e s, n e e re e ne n s a e er r . ro s e ar ar e

nu mb f c mma d
er o m at d a d w
o c pic n p ci lly i th W st T w y
ers e an aft
e wa d a
,
n e re on s uou s, e s e a n e e . o ear ; er r ,

w itr i th D t it M b
er n e id Th wa p e ro t at Wil C k th ual c m pl m t f Offic f
u ne sa ere s rese n son s
‘
ree e us o e en o e rs or

af c f fi
or e o th a d m m th m h v b
ve m ad
ou s n i m j g al a d thi t b ig d i ; c l l
en . e a e ee n e s x a or- en e r s, n r ee n r a ers o on e s,

li t
e u e n an t c l l a d m j by th c h av p g f m th w h w th ith li
-
o on e s, n a ors m e s ore e s ru n ro ose o e re en e er n e o r n o n - co

mi i d ffi c
ss on e F m c m pa y f th F i t I w I f t y thi ty v c m mi i d fli a w
o e rs . ro on e o n O e rs o a n an r r -
se en o ss o n e o ce rs re no

i th
n vic Si m il ly
e se r c m p y f th F i t Mi
e . i h a c t b t d thi ty tw I t i a c i fact
ar ,
on e o an o e rs ssour s o n ri u e r -
o . s u r ou s ,

th t f th ffic w h
a , o viv d th b ttl f Wil
e o e rs C k t h b kill d i b ttl a d ly
o sur e e a e O son s
’
ree ,
no on e as e en e n a e, n on on e

h asd i d f m d i a I v y b ttl f th U i th h
e ro se se f thi t
. ibl c t t f d a d w h
n e er a e or e n on e ero e s o s e rr e on e s are o un ,
n no e re

h av th y d i g ac d th i l d
e e d
s r I it t w th t e y a f lif t be abl t ay I wa i th ca m paig
e r O re cox .
‘
s no or en e rs o e o e o s ,
s n e n
w ith Ly ? on
’

A p t f th day ap t phizi g th Spi it f Ly a a t

oe o e t th c
, pi at w te
os ro n e r o on s e rror o e on s r ors, ro

F wh thy c m d s t d or e re soe er
‘

o ra e s an

T fac th t ait a fy o e e r ors, s o ore ,

Th y p ci t pi i t h ll c m m a d re s en s r s a o n ,

A d l ad th ch a g c m n e e r e on e ore .
”

S 3
p t f M j St gi A g t 2oth 1 86 1 ; f C l l Sig l A gu t i sth 1 86 1 a d f th b di at
ee re or s o a or ur s, u us , o o on e e , u s , , n o e su or n e
o fli f Ly
cers O a m y ; al p ts f G al P ic d M C l l h a d th i b di t fll
on s
’
r so, re or Th o e n er s r e an c u oc n e r su or na e o ce rs . e
N ta i on al l w p t d t 223 kill d 721 w d d d 29 2 m i i g M C l l h p t d th C f d at
o ss as re or e a e ,
ou n e ,
an ss n . c u oc re or e e on e er e
l at 265 kill d 800 w d d a d 30 m i i g At th am ti m h p t d th N ti al l t b v
oss e , ou n e , n ss n . e s e e, e re or e e a on oss o e o er
H h d p vi
e a ly ai d t N ati l Offic w h w a w ith p ty at h q a t
re ou s s o a d a fig f t c
on a Y er, o s a ar is u r e rs, u n er o ru e, ou r
loss w v yg t b t
as er w f ti m y rea
“
S R p t f th C mm i tt
u o urs th C d c t f th Wa
as o ur es o u rs . ee e or o e o ee o n e o n u o e r.

G al P ic h i p t ( A g t i 2th
e n er r say th
e, in l f h i c m m a d wa
s re a ly 700
or
‘

n a ly
u e us , s e oss O s o n s ne r ,
or e r on
fifth f h i ti f c
o s en re or e .

Ly b dy w pl ac d i a amb l a c t b m v d f m th fi l d b t i th h y f d pa t i t wa
on s
'
o as e n n u n e o e o e ro e e , u n e urr o e r ure s

l ft F m Sp i gfi l d a g w ith att d t wa t back f it a d G

e . ro r n e , l P ic
su r e on t i t t th t w i en an s s sen or
, n e n era r e sen o e o n n
hi w w g
s o n I th c f i
a on f ab .d i g Sp i gfi l d th xt m i g it w a g i l ft b hi d w h
n e on u s o n o an on n r n e , e ne orn n , s a a n e e n ,
en ,
a
ft b i g c f lly p p d f b i al by tw m mb
er e n are u f B igad i G
re l C la k t ff i t w a d liv d t
are or ur o e e rs o r er - e n era r
’
s s a , s e e re o
th ce f M
are o P h lp ( w if f J S P h lp f m m m b f C g
rs . e s f m Mi e o i d ta ch U i . . e s, a or er e er o on re ss ro sso ur , an a s n n on
m ) wh ca
an , d it t b b i d A f w d y aft w d i t w d i i t d a d t t S t L i a d f m
o u se o e ur e . e a s er ar as s n e rre n se n o . o u s, n ro

th it w c v y d t it fi al ti g pl c i a ch chy d t E t Ha tf d i C
e re as on e e o s ctic t
n re s n -
a e n ur ar a as r or ,
n on n e u .
 MILITARY A ND C I VIL AF FAIRS IN MI SS O URI .
55

T he C onf e d e rates so gre atly su pe ri or in n um be rs did n ot foll o w th ereby

, , ,

ackn o w l e dgi n g th e g ro u n dl e ssn e ss of th e i r cl aim to a vict ory w hich w as so ,

e x u l tin l m d In d ee d Mc C u ll oc h in h is fi rs t offici al re p o rt on ly said of

‘
g y a e o
.
, , ,

th e N ati on al s
“ T h e y h av e m e t w ith a sig n al re p u l se
”
It w as n ot e v en th at .
, .

Th e Un i on fo rc e s reach e d R oll s, a p oi n t o f rail w ay c om m u n ic ati on w ith

“ “
St L ou i s on th e l 9 th Of Au gu st w h ere C am p G oo d Hop e w as e st abli sh ed
.
”
, , .

Th e sou th e rn p o rti on O f Mi ssou ri w as n o w l e ft Op e n to th e sw ay of th e C on

fe d erate s an d th ey w ere se c urin g i m po rt an t footh old s in th e vic in ity of th e
,

Missi ssippi R iv e r I n th e m e an ti m e Harri s on e of G ov ern o r J ack son s .

, ,
’

b rig adi e rs h ad b een m akin g a form id abl e di spl ay of p o we r in N orth east ern
,

Misso uri He h ad ralli e d a c on sid e rabl e forc e at Pari s an d c om m e n c e d th e

.
,

w ork of d est ro yin g th e Han n ib al an d St J ose ph R ail w ay He w as d riv en . .

aw ay by l o y al fo rce s u n d e r C o l on e l S m ith w h en h e o rg an iz e d g u e rrill a

p ar ,

ties to h arass an d pl u n d e r th e U n i on p e o pl e F in all t ith t w en ty sev en .

-

h un d re d m e n h e j oin e d G en e ral P ric e b e fo re L e xi n gt on

,
.

O the r org an iz e d b an d s o f S e c essi o n i st s h ad b e e n o p erati n g in N orth e ast ern

Mi ssou ri at th e sam e ti m e an d h ad c om p e ll e d th e U n i on i st s to o rg an iz e an d ,

arm th e m se lve s fo r d e fen se T h e latt e r u n d e r C o l on el M oo re form e d a .

, ,

c am p at A th e n s T h e Se ce ssi on i sts al so org an iz e d ; an d on th e 5 th o f A u g u st

.
,

n e arly fift e e n h u n d re d o f th e m l ed by M arti n G reen an d furn i sh e d w ith , ,

th re e pi e ce s o f c an n on f ll u p on M oo re s fo rc e of ab ou t fo ur h u n d re d in ,
e
’
,

n u m be r in th e v ill ag e o f Ath e n s
,
w h e re th e assail an t s w ere re p u l se d an d ,

T h e U n i onist s n o w fl ock e d to M oo re s v ict o ri ou s st an d ard ;

’
u tt e rly ro u t e d .

an d th e se b e i n g aid e d by G e n e ral P o p e th e Se c e ssi on i st s n orth o f th e Mis ,

so u ri Riv e r w e re soon m ad e to be h av e v e ry cir c u m s e ctly

p .

In th e m e an ti m e th e l o y al civil au th o riti e s of Mi ssou ri w ere m aki n g ,

e ff o rts to k ee p th e Sta te from th e v e rte x o f se c e ssi on T h e p o p u l ar C on ven .

ti on w hich h ad t ak e n a st an d in fav or o f th e U n i on as w e h av e Ob se rv e d
,
’
, ,

reasse m bl e d at J e ff e rs on City on th e 2 2d o f J ul y an d p ro c ee d e d to reo rg an ize ,

civil g ov e rn m e n t for th e St at e w hich h ad b e e n b rok en u p by th e flight of ,

th e E x e c u tiv e an d o th e r offi c ers an d th e di sp e rsi on o f th e l e gi sl at o rs m an y , ,

Of w h om w e re in th e ran k s of th e e n em i e s O f th e G ov e rn m e n t T h e C on ve n .

tio n d e cl are d th e offi c e s o f G ov e rn or Lie u t en an t G ov e rn or an d S e c re t ary Of ,

-
,

St at e to b e v ac an t by a v o t e of fi fty six to t w e n ty fi v e T h e y al so d e cl ared

, ,
- -
.

th e se at s Of th e m e m b e rs o f th e G e n e ral A sse m bly v ac an t by a ,

v ote Of fif ty tw o to t w en ty e ight O n th e fo ll ow i n g day th e y p ro

- -
.
‘

ceed e d to th e e l e ction o f O flice rs fo r a p ro vi si o n al g o v e rn m e n t an d

3
,

ap oin t e d th e fi rs t M on d ay in N o v e m be r fo ll o w i n g as th e ti m e f or th e pe opl e
p

t l g aph d t L P p W lk at R ich m d : “W h av gai d a g t vict y v th

McC ul loch e e r e o . e e a e r, on e e ne re a or o er e

en e my G al P ic p k f i t a a b illi t vict y achi v d p a ha d f ght fi l d d ai d th

.
”
e ne r r e s o e o s r an or ,
”
e e u on r -
ou e , an s e

C f d at had a tt d f
on e er es d w i d th w ll app i t da m y w hich th
sc e rep atW hi gt h d b ar an e e e -
o n e r e usur e r as n on
"
a e en

f
or m tha i m th gath i g T h C f d t C g “at R ich m d th Qi t f A g t i th
o re n sx o n s er n . e on e e ra e on re ss, on , on e s o u us , n e

p am bl t a l ti f tha k t d d t M C l l h a d h i m d cl a d th t i t h d pl a d A l m ighty
re e o re so u on o n s en ere o c u oc n s e n, e re a a e se

G d t v
o och af t th m f th C f d at St t a th gl i
ou s e o d i m p ta t vi ct y ;
e ar w hils oth e on e er e a es no er or o u s an or n or
"
e e

ne w pap s p xhibit d th g t t j bilati

er ress e Th xt w d will b h t d th N w O l
e Pi ay
e re a e s u on. e ne or e,
”
s ou e e e r e an s c une

o f th 1 7th f A g t
e O t St L
o i ! T hat tak th p w f Li l i m i b k i th w h l W t ;
u us ,
M
n o . ou s
‘
e n, e o er o n co n s s ro en n e o e es

an di t ad f h ti g H l f R ich m d ? a d H ! f N w O l
ns e o s ou n l th
‘
w ill b h o yi g t a d f or on n
‘
O or e r ean s
‘
ere e urr n o n ro,

am g th f ight d mag at at Washi gt a d a xi i q i i f w h t th y hall d t sav th m lv

on e r e ne n es n on, n n ous n u r es O a e s o o e e se es

f m th v g a c t c m
ro e en e n e o o e .
”

S pag 402 v l m I
ee e ,
o u e .

H m ilt R G am bl P v i i al G v
a o n ; Will d P H ll Li
. t a tG v e, ; a d M d cai O liv
ro s on o ern or ar . a ,
eu e
n n -
o ern or n or e e r,

sec t y f S h t
re ar o i e .
 C O N ES T T B ET WEEN LO YALI S TS AND SECESS I O NI S T S .

to e e l ct pe rson s to fi ll th e sam e oflices After t ran sactin g oth e r n e c e ssary .

b u si n ess th e C on v en ti on i ssu e d an Add re ss to th e p e opl e in w hich th e st ate

, ,

q
of p u blic affairs w as cl early set forth an d th e d an g e rs to th e St at e in c on se , ,

u en ce of th e h ostil e m o v e m en t s of th e S e c e ssi on i sts w ithi n its b ord e rs an d

i nv ad ers from w i th ou t w ere as pl ain ly p ort ray e d Th e t re ason of th e G ov ,

.

e rn or an d h is asso ci at e s w as e xp ose d w h ereby th e acti on of th e C on v e n ti on ,

in org an izi n g a p rovi si on al g ov e rn m en t w as j u stifi e d

O n th e 3d of A u g u st th e Provi si on al G ov ern or i ssu e d a p rocl am ati on to ,

th e p eopl e c alc u l at e d t0 all ay th e i r app reh e n si on c on c e rn i n g o n e o f th e i r

'

S p e ci al i n t ere sts “ ”
N o c ou n t e n an c e h e said w ill b e aff ord e d to an y
.
, ,

sch e m e o r to an y c on d u ct c alc u l at e d in an y d e g ree to i n t erfe re w i th th e

, ,

i n stit u ti on of sl av ery e xi stin g in th e St at e T o th e v ery u t m ost e xt en t of .

”
e x e c u tiv e p o w e r th at i n stit u ti on w i l l b e p rot e ct e d T his assu ran c e w as a .

m ord an t f or th e l oy alty of th e Un i on l o vi n g S l av e h old ers an d th e n ew p ro -

,

vi si on al g o v e rn m e n t re c e iv e d th e c on fid en c e an d su pp ort of th e m aj ority of
th e p eopl e L arg e n u m b ers of th e di saffe ct e d in h abi tan t s t ook an oath of
.

all e gi an c e an d th e fri e n d s o f o rd e r w e re g re atly e n c ou rag e d

‘
.
,

Whil st th e l oy al St at e C on v en ti on an d th e p rovi si on al gov ern m en t

w ere l ab ori n g to b ri n g ord e r ou t of ch aos in Mi ssou ri th e l ead e rs in re b e llio n ,

th e re w e re m aki n g th e st ron g est effort s to se c u re th e ab sol u t e c on t rol of th e

C om m on w e alth O n th e day w h en th e C on v en ti on se n t forth its add ress
.
,

th e di sl o y al Li eu t en an t G o v e rn or (T h om as C R e y n o ld s) th e n at N e w Ma -
.
,

drid on th e Mi ssi ssippi Riv er i ssu e d a p ro cl am ati on to th e p e opl e of th e

, ,

St at e in w hich h e d ecl are d th at actin g as Chi ef M agi st rate d u ri n g th e tem

, ,

orar a b sen c e of G ov e rn or J ack son h e h ad ret u rn e d to p ro cl ai m u n d e r th e

p y , ,

p rovi si on s of an act of th e di sl o y al l egi sl at ure th e ab sol u t e se v eran c e of ,

Mi ssou ri from th e Un i on “ D i sreg ardi n g form s an d l ookin g to re aliti es

”
.
, ,

h e said “ I vi e w an y ordi n an c e for th e sep arati on from th e N orth an d u n i on

, ,

w ith th e C on fe d e rat e St at e s as a m e re o u t w ard c e rem on y to giv e n o tic e to ,

”
oth ers of an ac t al re ady c on su mm at e d in th e h e art s of h er p e o pl e an d th at , ,
“
c on se qu en tly n o au th ority of th e Un it e d St at es w ill h ere after b e p e rm it te d
,

l Vith su ch vi e w s of th e p olitic al righ ts of th e p e opl e it w as

”
in Mi ssou ri .
,

n at u ral fo r h im to c on sig n th e m to th e in fi ic tion s o f a m ilit ary d e sp oti sm ;

so in th e sam e p ro cl am ati o n h e an n ou n c e d th at by i n vit ati on o f G o v e rn or

, , ,

J ack son G en eral Pill ow c omm an d er of th e T en n e ssee t roop s in th e C on fe d

, ,

c rat e se rvic e h ad en t e re d Mi ssou ri } an d th at h e w as em p ow ere d to m ak e “

,

1 f ll w i g i a c py f th ath w hich th C f d t l d h ad c m p ll d th citiz t t k

The o o n s o o e o e on e era e e a ers o e e e en s o a e

K w all m th t I
no f th C ty f
en , Stat f Mi a i d l m ly w th t I w ill b a
,
o e ou n o e o ssou r ,
o so e n s e ar a e r

tru e a ll gi c t th St t f Mi
e an e i a d pp t th C tit ti f th Stat a d th t I w ill t giv id
o e a e o sso ur n su or e on s u on o e e, n a no e a

c ag m t t th
, ,

c m f t i f m t i p t ct
o or , n or a on, mi pp
ro e i th Mi i Sta t G d
i o n, or e n ou r e en o e ene e s or o o se rs o
'

e sso u r e u ar ,
or

o f th i alli
e r th A m i f th C f d
e s, t Stat p th p lty f d th f t
e r es o e on e e ra e e s, u on e en a o ea or re aso n .
"

G2 l P ill w l d d w ith h i t p t N w M d i d at a th cl
e n era o an f J ly
e Hi fi t d i d s roo s a e a r ne r e o se o u . s rs or e r ssu e

th w a th 28th p hibiti g th al f i t xicati g li q

ere s on e , t hi ro ldi H h d g n t d thi m v e s e o n o n uors o s so ers . e a su ges e s o e

m t i t Mi
en n o i t ly p i d a
sso ur f va t i m p t
a c i h i pl a f izi g B i d P i t d C i
an ear er o , s one o s or an e n s ns or se n r
‘

s o n an a ro .

Whil t g g d i t gly f tifyi g M m phi R d lph a d

s en a e n s r on tw th p i t or th T n h e s, an o ,
n on e or o o er o n s on e e n n e sse e s ore

o f th Mi i ippi h
e ss ss tly c m m d d th cc p ti f N w M ad i d a d I l d N 1 0 by h i t p
e e arn e s re o en e e o u a on o e r n s an o s roo s,

f Op a
, .

an d th cti f t g f tific ti th f th t w f l d p p
e e re on o s ron f m ki g N w M d i d h i b
or a on s ere, or e o o u r o se o a n e a r s ase o er

ti ag i t B i d P i t d C i
on s a ns rd f p v ti g a m d v
’
s l d c di g th iv it b i g vi d t
o n an a ro, an o re en n r e esse s es en n e r e r, e n e en

a ly i J
e r nth t p p ti w b i g m ad f th t p p
un e a re A tth m i dd l
ara f J
on s h w dy t m v
ere e n e or a u r o se . e e o un e e as rea o o e

f w d d ly w it d c m pli a c f G v
or ar ,
an on a H i w ith
a q i iti
e f P ill w f
a o dd iti al t p n e o o ern or arr s, a re u s on o o or a on ro o s

f m Mi ddl T
r o eT h th t i g p ct f ff i i l l E t T
e n n e ssee . t th t ti m
e al m d
re a e n n as e o a a rs n oy a as e n n e sse e a a e so ar e

Ha i th t h h it t d
rr s a d t l g aph d t Pill w
e es th 22d f J
a e f ll w : I till pp v b t ca t
, an e e r e o o on e o u n e, as o o s s a ro e, u nno

sen dt p f m h roo til m tt i E t T

s ro ttl d Pill w w d i app i t d a d
e re u n a e rs yd d n as en n e sse e are se e .
"
o as s o n e n an n o e ,
an
 P ILLOW AN D J EFF . T HO MP S O N .

an d e n or e su
f c ch civ il p olic e reg u l ati on s ‘as h e m ay d e em n e c e ssary for th e
se c u rity o f h is forc e s th e p re serv ati on o f o rd er an d di scipli n e in h is c am p , ,

an d th e p rot e cti on of th e liv es an d p rop erty o f th e ci tiz e n s in oth e r w ord s

; ,

m arti al l aw w as est abli sh e d w i thin i n d e fi n it e li m it s by thi s av ow e d u su rp e r

o f th e right s of th e p eopl e He cl oth e d M J eff T h om p son ‘ on e of J ack son s . . .
,
’

Mi ssou ri b rig adi ers w ith th e sam e p ow er ; and h e an d Pill ow an d W J , , . .

Hard ee (w h o h ad ab an d on e d h is fl ag j oi n e d th e i n su rg en t s an d w as c om , ,

m i ssi on e d a b rig adi er in th e C on fe d erat e A rm y ) n ow h el d m ilit ary p osses , n

si on o f th e sou th e ast ern di st rict s of th e C om m on w e alth an d m ad e vig orou s

,

r n
“
p e p a ati o s to c o op erat e w ith Pric e an d h is associ at e s in e xp e lli n g th e
r -

e n e m y fro m th e St at e
”
Pill o w ass u m e d t e p om p ou s titl e of
h “ L ibera tor of .

M sso
i u r i
”
a d
n h is o d e s an d di sp atch e s w ere c omm en c e d
r r
“ Head Qu art ers -
, ,
”
A rm y of Lib erati on .

G ov e rn or J ack son w h o h ad b een to R ichm on d to mak e arran g em en t s for ,

on th e f ll w i g
o o n Gv yi g :“I thi k it xc d i gly f t t th t y h v
day h e w ro t e to th e o ern or, sa n n e ee n u n or u n a e a ou a e
sus p d d h m v m
en e t f w d g i t B i d P i t d C i f h li f f Mi
t e o e en s or i T h m i b dy f
ar a a ns r
'
s o n an a ro or t e re e o sso u r . e a n o o
th f c t th p i t b w ith d w i c q c p E t i i g
e or t
w e a h ese o o n s f h i t
ash d h
ee n
p f ra n, n on se uen e o t e ressu re n e as an t e r s n u o
Mi i d h w k f t ki g th p i t w l d w b f c m p tiv ly y cc m pli h m t I f my m v
ssou r . an t e or o a n ese o n s ou no e o o ara e e as a o s en . o e

m t e n s are tob p d d til E t T e su s e n c t ll db c m

e un l y l it will d f my cti t p i d
as e n nesse e e ases o su c an e o es o a , e er a on o a er o

wh I c
en t m th an n of i t t I m y j d gm
assu e t tw th e o f gi m t i f c ffi ci t
en s v o s a e . n u en , o, ree , or our re en s s a or e su en

for an y p b bl c ti g cy i vi w f th p iti f E t T
ro a e on n en With t id f m th f c f Mi ddl
n e o e os on o as en n e ssee . ou a ro e or e s o e
T I h v
e n n e ssee t th m f d v ci g
a e no w ill I tt m pt it e I t d y th
e an s o m y w ill i a ll p b an n ,
n or a e . n en a s e ene ,
n a ro a

b ility i c , hi f cn tC i
reas e d w ill h v h i th
s or e a g b t m ti g 30 g a ro , an tC i d th it a e s re e un oa s, ou n n un s, a a ro, an en

w ou ld b m d t tt m pt
e d i l d gm
a n e ss t o a e a s o en .
”

Th d f m ti m
e n , an ft w d th g t w t f th A m y f T
or so e e a w mer I J ly P ill w
ar , e re a an o e r o e n n e sse e as ar s. n u ,
o

i d
ssue d di cti g th g th i g p f l l th i fl i p iv t h d i W t T
an or er re n e a er n f th p p u o a e r es n r a e an s n es ern en n e ssee, or e ur ose
o f h vi g th m m d f
a n if m b e d d v t d t th p blic
a e o un or ore an e o e o e u u se .

I hi pp l t th p pl h i d :“S v ty th
n s a ea o d dd iti l t p m t b i d t p t ct th
e eo e, e sa e en o u san a on a roo s us e ra se o ro e e

c t y Th t p
ou n r . b m d e se ly by h c t y i fl b i g p c d d th c v t d
roo s can e ar e on Th t e ou n r r es e n ro u re , an us on er e . e se

r i fl w ill giv ey
es p t cti w h c tt d v th c t y i y h
ou n o ro e N thi g w ill v th c
on en s a ere o er e ou n r n ou r ouse s. o n sa e e oun

ty f m b i g v
r ro d d v t t d by
e n o m th
erru n an v g f b t m i th h d f g iz d d d ill d
e as a e a o re an sa a e oe , u ar s n e an s o or an e an r e

t p W k h p f th p p
roo s .
”
or f ch gi g th
s o s m w or m pl y d t M m phi
e u r ose o d C pt i H t an n e se ar s e re e o e a e s, un er a a n un ,

Ag t w en s pp i t d t c ll ct th i fl wh w
ere a o n e th iz d t giv c tific t f pu ch th w p t
o o e e r e s, o e re au or e o e er a es o r ase, e ea on s o

b ft w d p i d f by th C f d t g v m t— P il l w MS O d B k
e a er ar s a or e on e era e o ern en o s . r er oo .

Am g m fon t g ph l tt b f m i
a ass o f m Gau o l8 R A d
ra t G e l P ill w d t d
e rs e o re e s on e ro en era . . n e rson o en e ra o . a e

M y 1 8 th 1 86 1 i w hich h m k
a , i m p t t d i cl
,
n c c i g vi d t p p ti f
e a e s an v lt h vi g or an s o su re on ern n e en re ara on s or re o a n

b m d by th th i ti f T
een a e v l m th b f th l cti f M L i c l H y : I m
e au or es o e n n e ssee , se era on s e o re e e e on o r. n o n. e sa s a
us n i g v y ff t t c ll ct t g th t m f th S t t i d t l t c mp i
e er e or o o e o e i df
er p l iti c l
he ar s o e a e s su e o v o un ee r o an es, r a se or o a

p ur p d th wi
oses a n d w di b d d ; o d i l
er ki g v th b d giv f
se, an no m f d i th
s an e an n oo n o er e on s en or ar s, as ou n n e

S c t y f St t ffi c I fi d th t th 4th Q J l / l t
e re ar o a e so
’
e, th w i d t W J H d ick J E
n a on e ‘ u t as ere as ssu e o . . en r s, . .

C w d R E M d y d Wi l w f L g g W t T
ro er, . . oo ,
an th f ll w i g m :64 w d ns o d 1 28 pi t l
,
o a ran e, es en n .
, e o o n ar s s or s an s o s .

Th m
e se ar w th l ki g ft
s are d I w l d p ctf lly gg t t y t h v th m l k d ft
or oo n a er, an d ou res e u su es o ou o a e e oo e a e r an
g th d p if ti th h d f ch m
a ere u ,
no g i g t t k th fi l d
n e an s o su en as are o n o a e e e .
”

Th mp
1 wh bcm
o t i g ill chi f lik Pill w m d f d f i i g p cl m ti
son , o e a e a n o or ou s d uerr a e
,
e o ,
se e e on o ssu n ro a a on s an

w iti g l tt
r n i b th f w hich h i d lg d m ch i h p b l
e e rs, n o o M y f th l tt w itt tth p i d w e n u e u n y er o e . an o e a e r, r en a e er o e

are n o w c id i g b f m T h d y ft R y l d i d h i p cl m ti T h m p
on s er n ,
are e o re e. t f th th e a a er e no s ssue s ro a a on o son sen or e

f ll w i g m if t t th p pl f Mi
o o n an i w hich i f i p ci m f h i tyl
es o o e eo e o sso u r , s a a r s e en o s s e

Cm w t ik w hil th i
o e, n o i h t! O
,
s r mi e w hipp d i Vi gi ie Th y h v b
e ro n hipp d
s o ur e n e e s are e n r n a. e a e een w e

i Mi
n i G ssour l H d d v c i th c t G
. e n era l P ill w th ight d G
ar ee a l M C ll h
an e s n e e n e r, e n e ra o on e r , an e n era c u oc on

th l ft w ith
e e , b v S th h t t id S l v y
ra e pl w i th f w d y
ou e rn x i th
ear s, o ou r a . o ea e ou r o s n e urro , an o ur o en n e

yk o d
e , an h lik t d p ru s i vd df
e a t w p th m f m th f c f th
orn a o u th f c th m
on ou r n a ers an o e s, o s ee e ro e a e o e e ar ,
or or e e

f m th
ro il f St t ! B v
e so o f h N i th D i t ict c m
ou r a e dj i ! W h v pl ty f m m
ra e son s o i i t e n s r , o e an o n us e a e en o a un t on ,
an d h c ttl
t e t th a d hill e on W h v f ty th
en ou san d B lgi m k t c m i g ; b b i g y
s are ou rs . e a e or ou san e an us e s o n ut r n o ur

g u n s an d m k t w ith y if y h v th m ; if t c m w ith t th m W w ill t ik y f lik

us e s ou , ou a e e no ,
o e ou e . e s r e ou r o es e a

S th th d b lt d
ou e rn un c m p fi w ill ill m i t th M i m c d Mi
er o , an soon our i Cm t a t -
re s u na e e err a an ssour o e, u rn ou .

“J EFF T
.

"
l C md g
‘

B io G . u o n r sox , r -
en er a o .

M y Mi an i w h h d fl d f m th St t l t i M y d ly i J
sso ur an s o a h d t d th T
e ro e a e, a e n a an e ar n un e, a e n e re e en n e ssee

A myr It w . d i bl t h v th as d th es raxil d citiz e f th t St t

o g iz d f h m d ty d
a e e se an o er e e en s o a a e or an e or o e u , an
T h mp o w t t M m phi f th t p p
son as se n Th o th 1 4th f J
e m ti g f Mi
s or i w a u r o se . ere , on e o u n e, a ee n o ssour an s as

h ld d i
e ,
an i f l ti th y k d Pill w f q t
n a ser e s o d
re so u b i t c d th l
on s f m vic i
e as e o or u ar e rs an su s s e n e , an e re ease ro ser e n

h T
t e A my
e n n e sse e ch Mi i h d b
r ,li t d T h t g ph l tt t Pill w i l i g th
su sso u r an s as a ee n en s e . e au o ra e er o o nc os n e se

re so u l ti i b f m d i i g d by M J ff T h m p B N w t H t T h m P H y N J M A th
on s s e ore e , an s s ne e o so n , e on ar ,
o as . o , . . c r u r,

J m G g d L wi H K
. . .

a es e or e, an ly e s . e u ncr .
 ADM ISS I O N O F MI SS O URI IN T O T HE C O NFEDERAC Y .

m ilit ary aid, Mi ssou ri to th e C on fe d eracy h ad j u st

an d th e an n e x ati on of ,
“
re t u rn e d an d from N e w M ad rid h e al so i ssu e d a p ro cl am ati on
,
.

flsif
‘

as in th e form of a p ro vi si o n al d e cl arat i on of th e i n d e p e n de n c e
u
It w ’

“ ”
o f th e St ate in w hich h e g av e reason s w hich h e said j u stifi e d
, , ,
“ ”
a se p aration from th e U n i on Th e se reason s c o n si st e d of th e u su al m isrep re .

se n tation s c on c e rn i n g th e N ati on al G o v e rn m e n t in fo rm s al re ady fam ili ar to th e ,

read er an d w ere fo ll o w e d by a form al

,

d e cl arati on th at Mi ssou ri w as a sov e“

”
reig n fre e an d i n d e p e n d e n t re p u b l ic , ,
.

O n th e 20th of th e sam e m on th th e ,
“ ”
C on fe d erat e C on g re ss at Rich m o n d
“
p asse d an act to aid th e St at e of Mis
sou ri in re p e llin g i n v asi on by th e U n it e d

St at es an d to au th ori z e th e ad m i ssi on ,

o f said St at e as a m e m b e r o f th e C on
”
fe d erat e St at e s of A m eric a J eff erson .

“
D avi s w as au th oriz e d to m u st e r i n t o
‘

”
th e se rvic e o f th e C on fe d e rat e St at e s
su ch Mi ssou ri t roo p s as m ight v ol u n t ee r

to se rv e in th e C o n fe d e rat e A rm y ; th e
o ffic e rs to b e c om m i ssi o n e d by D avi s
M JEFF HO MP SO N
,
T
w h o w as al so e m p o w e re d to app o i n t al l
. . .

fi e ld offi c ers for th e sam e Mi ssou ri w as to b e ad m itt e d i n t o th e C o n fe d e racy .

o n an e q u al footi n g w i th th e o th e r St at es w h e n th e C on stit u ti on of th e ,
“C on fe d erat e St at e s ” sh ou ld b e “ad opt e d an d ratifi e d by th e p rop e rly an d
l e g ally c on stitu t e d au th oriti e s of said St at e in oth er w ord s w h e n th e ,

d i sl o y al fugitiv e G o v ern or J ack son an d h is fri en d s an d n ot th e p eop l e o f , , ,

Mi sso u ri sh ou ld so ad opt an d ratify th at u n h oly l e ag u e

,
.

By th e sam e act th e g o v e rn m e n t of Mi ssou ri of w hich J ack son w as re c og ,

n iz e d as th e chi e f m agi st rat e w as d e cl are d to b e

“ th e l e g ally e l e ct e d an d ,
”
c on stit u t e d g o v e rn m en t of th e p eopl e an d St at e of Mi ssou ri M e asu res .
1

w e re sp e e dily ad opt e d for th e c on su m m ati on o f th e alli an c e an d d u ri n g a , ,

g re at e r p o rti on of th e w ar m en cl aim i n g to rep resen t th e p e opl e of Mi ssou ri ,

o cc u pi e d seat s in th e C o n fe d e rat e
?
C on g re ss at Rich m on d
At this c ri tic al j u n ct u re of p u blic affairs in M issou ri J oh n C F rem on t ,
.
,

w h o h ad b een b rou ght p rom i n e n tly b e fo re th e A m e ric an p e opl e in 1 8 5 6 as ,

1 See A ts c a nd R esol ution s o f t

h e P r ovisi on a l Con gr ess o f th e Conf ed er a te S ta tes, T hi d S ir e ss on ,

N o 225 . .

B y p cl am ati ro Jack call d i f th d i l yal m m b f th G

on , in S pt m b
e e l A m bly
er, son e a se ss on o e s o e e rs o e e n e ra sse

o f Mi i at N h ssou r th 2l t f O ct b
, I hi m g t th t b d y th 28th f Oct b h
e o s o, on e s o m o er . n s e ssa e o a o , on e o o e r, e reco

m d d l t th p g f
en e , d i c f c i 2d f a “ t f p vi i l i with th C f d at
s, e assa e o an o r n an e o se e ss on ,
o n ac o ro s on a u n on e on e er e

Stat 3d th es pp i tm t f th c m m i i
,
e a t th P vi i l C g
o n en f th C f d at Stat
o ree o ss on ers o e ro s on a on re ss o e on e er e es
4th th p , g f a l w m p w i g th G v
e assa e o t c al cti t b h l d f S t a d R p
e o er n tativ e o ern or o au se an e e on o e e or e n a o rs n e re se n es
t th
o C f d t St t C g
e on e a a p actic bl
e ra e ft Mi a es i h l d b c m a m m b f th l ag
on re ss s soo n s r a e a er ssou r s ou e o e e ero e e ue
an d 5 th th p
, ag f a a t m p w i g th G v
, e ass t ie o b d f th St t f Mi
n c e i T h pli a t i
o er n e o ern or o ssu e on s o e a e o ssour . e n n
t m
s ru t f th G v en s o p d d ch f lly t h i c m m d ti
e o A O di a c
ern or re s o n f S c i w pa d
e eer u o s re o en a on s . n r n n e o e e ss on as sse
th ame sday ( O ct b 28the a d A t t p vi d f
o th d f
er f th Stat
, f Mi i w d pt d
n an c o ro e or e e e n se o e e o ssour as a o e
on th l t f N v m b e I t a th i z d th i
s o o f wh t w
e t m d Df
er . B d t th am t f
u or e e ssu e o a e re er e e e n se on s,
”
o e ou n o

l l f w hich f th d mi ti f $5 d p w a d h l d h a i t t tth at f t p c t
a o , o e eno na on o an u r s, s o u e r n ere s a e r e o en er en .

p a
er m Th y wn nu t b i .
d i d m i ti e t l e reth $1 d t g t tha $500 p y bl i
o e ssu e n eno na on s n o e ss an ,
an no re a e r n ,
a a e n

th fi re e , d v y a T h y w m d l g l t d f ll d
v e , an se en e S ch w a th c
rs. cy ff d t th
e ere a ea e a en er or a u e s. u s e urre n o e re o e

p pl f Mi
eo i m m b f th C f d acy S J
e o sso u r as al f th S a t
e tic d at th cl
e rs o f e t on e er ee ou r n so e en e, no e e ose o no e

L p g 404 v l m I
. .

, a e , o u e .
 F R E M O NT IN M I SSO UR I .
59

th e c a nd i d a t e of th e new ly formed R ep u blic an p a rty for th e Pre s i den cy of

th e Un it ed S t at e s assu med th e c omm a nd of th e Western D ep artm en t He
,
.

w as in E u rop e w h en th e w ar b rok e o u t a nd on th e 1 4th of M a y 1 8 6 1 h e , , ,

w as c omm i ss io ned a m ajor g ene ra l of Vo l u n t ee rs O n re c e ivi n g n otic e of-

.

hi s a pp oi nt men t h e l e ft hi s p riv a t e a ffa i rs ab roa d i n th e h a nd s of oth e rs a nd

, ,
“
h as t ened h ome He a rriv ed a t B o s t o n on th e 2 7th of J u ne
.
,
1 861 c

b ri n gi n g w ith hi m a n ass ort men t of a rm s for hi s G ov e rnmen t

.

a nd on th e 6 th of J ul y h e w as app o i n t ed to th e i m p orta n t c omm a nd i n

th e We s t j us t men ti oned He te .
‘

m a i ned a s h ort ti me i n N ew York ,

w h e re h e m a de a rra n g emen t s for o v e r

t wen ty th ousa nd s t a nd of a rm s w ith ,

m u n ition s of w ar to b e s en t to hi s ,

D e p a rtmen t O n h e a ri n g of th e di s .

as t e r a t B u ll s R u n h e l e f t f or th e ’
,

We s t a nd a rriv ed a t S t L ou i s on ,
.

th e 26 th of J u ly w h e re C o l one l ,

H a rd i n g Ly o n s A dj u t a n t Gene ra l ,
’
-
,

w as i n c omm a nd F rem on t h a d .

a l re a d y i ssu ed or de rs for Gene ra l

J oh n P op e to p ro c eed fro m A lt o n ,

i n I llin oi s w ith t roop s to su pp re ss th e ,

a rmed S e c e ss i o n i s t s i n N o rth e rn M i s
OH N F REM ONT J
s ou ri w h o as we h a v e ob s e rv ed h a d
C . .

, , ,

c om men c ed th e de s t ru ctio n of ra il w a y s a nd de p red a ti on s u p on th e U n i o n i st s

,
.

F rem on t m a de hi s h e a d qua rt e rs i n -

S t L o u i s a t th e h o us e of th e l a t e C ol o
.

ne l B ra n t a n e l e g an t a nd S pl en di d
,

m a n s ion a nd p roc eeded a t o n c e w ith

,

g re a t vig or i n th e p e rform a n c e of hi s
d u ti e s He fou nd d i s orde r e v e ryw h e re
.

p re v a ili n g T h e t e 1 m s o f en li st men t of
.

th e H ome G ua rd s or th 1 ee m on th s men ,
-
,

we re e xpi rin g ; a nd th e s e b e i n g c om ,

p o s ed chi efl y of w orki n g men w ith -

de p enden t fa m ili e s a nd h a v in g b een ,

s ome ti me w ith ou t p a y we re u nw illi n g ,

to re en li s t— in fa ct s ome y e t i n th e
-

EAD Q
m , ra on r s U
‘
- U A BT EB S i n ST .

s e rvic e we re i n a s t a t e of m u ti n y o n
th a t a cc ou n t F rem on t w as emb a rrass ed He h a d v e ry littl e m one y a t hi s
. .

d i sp osa l to mee t th e j us t dem a nd s of th e s e s ol d i ers ; ne ith e r h ad h e a rm s f or

new re c ruit s w h o we re n ow c om i n g i n t o S t L ou i s i n c on s i de rabl e n u m b e rs
,
. ,

a nd we re c om p e ll ed to rem a i n th e re in i d l ene ss for l a ck of we ap o n s w h en h e ,

w as a n xi ous to s end th em to th e a i d o f Ly o n a nd to p oi n t s e xp o s ed to c ap ,

t u re T h e g u n s orde red a t N ew Y ork we 1 e de t a in ed for th e us e of th e A rm y

.

of th e P ot o m a c I ndeed th e N a ti on a l au th oriti e s we re so ab s orb ed i n

.
,
.

1T h e W t D ep tm tw as t d o n th e 6th o f J u ly an d co m p is d th e Sta te o f I ll i n o i s d th e
es ern ar en c rea e r e an

Sta te s an d Te i to i e s we s t f th e Mi ssi ssippi d e as t of th e R ocky M o u n t ai n s i n cl u d i n g N ew M e xic o He a d

,

rr r o an ,
.

q ua te s a t St Lou i s
r r . .
60 A FF A I RS I N FR E M ONT ’
S D E P AR TME NT
.
.

t a ki n g mea su re s for th e de fen se of W as hin gt o n C ity tha t th e ca re o f th e '

G o v e rnmen t w as littl e fe lt i n th e We s t for a time ,

.

F remo n t p e rc e iv ed th a t h e co u l d b e us e fu l o n ly by assu m i n g g ra v e
re s o n s ibiliti e s a nd h e re so lv ed u p o n th a t c o u rs e w ith th e b e li e f th a t h e -

p ,
,

w o u l d be sus t ained by hi s G v e nmen t o r F u nd s we re in d i s p en sa bl e a nd h e . ,

a pplied to th e N a tiona l Su b Tre asu re r a t S t L o u i s for a su pply T h a t oiiic e r - .

.

ha d th ree h u nd r ed th o u sa nd d o ll a r s i n hi s h a nd s b u t h e re fus ed t o l e t th e
,

Gene ra l hav e a dime wi th ou t a n o rde r fro m th e S e c re t a ry of th e T re asu ry .

a
.

So r F em o n t p re p a red t o s e iz e o n e h u nd r ed th o usa nd d o ll rs o f it by m ili t a r

y
forc e w h en th e c us t od ia n yi e l ded W ith th e s e fu d s h e ec u ed th e e n
n s r r e— .
‘
,

l istm e n t o f ma n y of th e th ree m o n th s men -

.

W ith vig o r a nd s e c re cy F rem on t p re p a red fo r ofi e n siv e an d de fen s iv e

'

a ctio n He s t ron gly fortifi ed S t Lo u i s a g a in s t e xt e rn al and i n t e rn a l fe es

.
. ,

a nd p re p a red to pl a c e C a i ro in a c ond iti o n o f a b s ol u t e s e c urity ; fo r u p o n th e

h ol d i n g o f th e s e p oi n t s re s t ed i n a g re a t de g ree th e sa lv a tio n o f th e N orth , ,

we s t fro m i n v as i o n a nd de s o l a ti on He w as c o m pe ll ed to ch oo s e be t ween .

s e c u rin g th e sa fe ty o f th e s e p l a c e s or re— en forc in g Ly o n ; a n d w i se ly it se em s

, , ,

h e de ci ded u p on th e forme r c o u rs e Ken t u cky p ro fe ss ed ly ne u t ra l an d .

, ,

wi th d oo rs cl o s ed a g a in s t U n i o n t ro op s fro m o th e r S t a t es w as givi n g s h e lt e r ,

a nd we lc ome to l a rg e b odi e s o f C on fede ra t e so l d i e rs in it s we s t e rn d i s t rict s .

A l re a d y fu ll C o n f ede ra t e t ro o p s we re w it h in a ci rcl e o f fi fty m iles

a ro u nd C a i ro i n Ken t u cky a nd M i ss ou ri Pill o w a s we h a v e s een h a d in
,
.
, ,
’

v a ded th e l a tt e r S t a t e a t it s s o u th e as t e rn e xt rem ity w ith a l a rg e n u m b e r of

t roop s p re p a ra t o ry to a n i mmed i a t e a d v a n c e u p o n Bi rd s Poi n t a nd C a i ro
,
’
,

w hil e H a rdee w ith a c on s i de ra bl e forc e w a s p us hi n g i n to th e i n t e ri or to

, ,

men a c e Ly o n s fl a n k a nd re a r A t th e sa me ti me L iu ten an t G ov e rn o r R e y
’
.
-

n ol ds in hi s p ro cl a m a ti o n a t N e w M a d ri d t a ki n g a d v a n t a g e of ‘

, ,

th e joy of th e se c e ss io n i s t s an d th e de p re ss io n o f th e l o y a li s t s o n , ,

a cc ou n t of th e sa d new s from V i rg in i a h a d sa i d in c o nne cti o n , ,

w ith hi s a n n o u n c emen t of th e p re s en c e of Pill o w w ith T enne ss ee t roop s ,

“T h e su n w hich s h o ne i n it s fu ll m i dd a y s pl end or a t M a n assa s i s a b o u t to
ri s e i n M i sso u ri E v e ry thin g a t th a t m omen t s eemed to j us tify th e p red ic
”
.

ti on Lyon w ith th e o n ly c o n s i de ra bl e N a ti o n a l forc e in th e fi e l d w as su r

.
, ,

ro u nded w ith th e g re a t e s t pe ril as we h a v e s een ; e v e ry c o u n ty i n th e C o m ,

m on w e al th w as in a s tat e of in su rre cti on a nd e v e ry p o s t h e l d by th e ,

U n i onis t s— e v en S t L o u i s it s e l f— w as men a ced w ith re a l d an g e r

. .

T o a v e rt th e p e ril s th re a t en in g Bird s P o i n t a nd C a i ro F rem o n t s e c re tly ’

,

a nd qu ickly p re p a red a n e xp ed iti o n to s t ren gth en th e l a tt e r p o s t ; fo r Gen

e ra l Pren ti ss it s c omm a nde r h a d n ot m ore th a n t we lv e h u nd red men i n
, ,

1 em o n t l ai d a b ief s ta temen t o f th e co n diti o n o f fi i i n Mi sso u i an d hi s need s befo e th e P e sid en t i

F r r
’
a a rs r r r n

a l e tt e o n th e 30th o f J u ly He id : W e h a v e n o t a n h ou f d e l ay T h e e th ee c u s s o pen f m
, , ,

r . sa r or r are r o r e or e .

O ne t o l e t th e enem y p sse ss hi m se l f of s me o f th e s t o n ge s t p i n ts i n th e St te an d th e a ten S t Lo u i s w hich

.

,
o o r o a r .
,

i s i n su e cti o n a y ; s e c o n d t o fo c e a l o a n f o m se ce ss i o n b a n k s h e e ; thi d to use th e mo ne y be l o n gi n g t o

rr r , r r r r ,

th e Go v e nmen t w hich i s i th e T e asu y h e e O i

r I w ill
n r t l o se th
r St a t rpe m i t th e ene m y a
.
’
course no e e, no r r

foo t of adv a n tag e I h av e i nfuse d ene gy an d activity i n t o the D e pa t men t a n d th e e i s th gh ly g d

. r r ,
r a o rou oo

s pi it i ffi ce s a n d men Thi s m o n i n g I w ill o de th e T e asu e t o d e li v e th e m o ne y i n hi s p sse ss i o n t

r n o r . r r r r r r r o o

G ene a l An d ew s a n d w ill s n d a fo c e t o th e T e asu y t ta k e h m o ne y d wi ll di e ct su b pay men ts th e

r r , e r r r o t e an r -
, as

e xigen cy eq u i e s T h e P e s id en t m ad e e ply d th i s il en ce wi th a d i s pa tch ece iv d fo d y s bef e

,
”
r r . r no r an s , r e ur a or

f o m a Cab ine t m i n i s te ( Po s tm as te Gene l B l ai ) s yi n g Y o u w ill h av e t d th e be s t y o u m a n d tak e

r r r- ra r ,
a , o o a ,

a ll dl l e s po n s ibility t d ef en d a n d p tect th e p pl e o v e w h o m y o u s p e ci a lly se t justi fi d hi s u se

n ee
’

u r o ro eo r are ,
”
e co r .

t o hi s j u dg men t .

S pag e 56
ee .
 T HE C O N F E D E R A TE S D E C E I V E D .
61

g a rri so n th e re a t th e cl Ose of J u l y M us t e ri n g a bo u t thi rty— e ight h u nd red .

t ro o p s on b o ard of e ight s t e a me rs a t S t Lo u i s on th e n ight of th e 3oth of ‘

'

.
, ,

J u ly h e l e ft th a t city a t n oo n th e ne xt d a y with th e en t ire squa d ro n a nd

, ,

m a ki n g a m os t i m po s i n g d i s pl a y N o body b u t him se l f k ne w th e re a l .

s t ren gth of th e e xp ed ition a nd th e m o s t e x a gg e ra t ed ru m o rs c o n c e rn i n g it ,

wen t a b ro a d Th e l o y a l pe opl e a nd th e i n su rg e nt s b e li e v ed th a t th e s e v es
.

s e l s c on t a i ned a t l e as t t we lv e th o usa nd men Th e de ce pti on h a d it s de s i red .

e ff e ct C a iro w as re—
. e n fo rc ed w ith o u t O ppo s iti on O th e r p o i n t s we re .

s t ren gth ened Pill ow w h o h a d a d v a n ce d som e t ro ops a nd w ith Th om p s on

.
, , , ,

w as p re p a ri n g to s e l z e C a p e G i ra rde au Bi rd s Po i n t a nd C a i ro a nd ov e rru n ,
’
, ,

S ou th e rn I lli n oi s fe ll b a ck a nd be c a me v e ry d i sc ree t i n a cti o n ; an d H a rdee

, , ,

w ith h 1 s i nde p enden t c o mm a nd w as ch e ck ed i n hi s m ov emen t s in t o th e ,

i n t e ri or of M i ss o u ri .

Pill o w n ot w ith s t a nd i n g h e h a d a bo u t t we nty th o usa n d t roo p s a t his com

,

m a nd a l a rmed by ru m o rs of a n i mmen s e N a ti on al force on hi s fron t s en t a

, ,
“
d i s p a tch to H a rdee th en su ppo s ed to be a t G reen vill e u rgi n g , ,

th e ne c e ss ity for a j u n ctio n of th e i r fo rc e s be fore a n a tt em pt ,

m ight b e s afe ly m a de to m a rch on C o mm erc e a nd C a pe G i ra r

de au “ H a vi n g a g ood de a l of w o rk be fore us h e sa i d” “ w e s h ou l d b e
.
, ,

c a re fu l n ot to so c rippl e ou r forc e s as to be u n abl e to go forw a rd I .

ou ght to h a v e y o u r su pp o rt be fo re en g a gi n g th e enem y on m y fro n t .

W ith ou t th e c o o pe ra ti o n of y o u r fo rce I d ou bt if I c a n re a ch -
,

o u a t I ro n t on e x c e pt i n a v e ry c ritic a l c o nd iti o n We o ugh t to u n it e a t

y ,
.
’

B en t o n ”
He i n formed H ardee th a t Gene ra l Th om p s on G o v e rn o r J a ck s on
.
9
, ,

a nd Li e u t enan t Go v e rn or Re y n o l d s we re w ith hi m a nd th a t th e y a ll re
-

g a rded th e u n i on of th e tw o forc e s as e ss en ti a l O n th e sa me d a y Gene ra l .

”
Polk w rot e to Pill o w u rgi n g hi m to p u t hi s troops in th e t ren ch e s a nd ,
‘

s tro n gly fo rt ify N ew M a d ri d near w hich it w as p ro p o sed to s t re tch a ch a in , ,

to ob s t ru ct th e n a vig a ti o n o f th e M ississ ip p i Po l k w as th en g a th e ri n g ‘
.

1 es W E gl J i D
Emp r s, ar W w City f A lt
a e, L i i
en n a J e y an d G
ea n , h m G en a rsa , o o n, ou s a n , an u a r ,
ra a .

e al F m o n t a n d S tan we e th e O d y / A lt T h e sq ua d n w as i n ch a ge f C pt i n B A bl e
r re
'
r on o on . ro r o a a . .

A u t og a ph l e tt of G ene a l Pill o w d t d He d q a te s A my of Lib a ti on A u g us t 5 h

r er r , a e , a -
u r r r er , t ,

At th a t ti me th e we e va i o us pla n s p o p s d f b icadi n g th e Mi ss i ss ippi ag i n s t h i n v ad e s Th e

re r r r o e or arr a t e r .
”

s t tchi n g f a ch ai n a c s w as a fa v o i t o ne a n d m at e i al s f th e p p se we e sen t u p f o m N ew O l ea n s
r
e o ros r e , r or ur o r r r

to M em phi s An an n y m o u w i te w h o se au t g a ph l e tt e i s b fo e me d a te d “N ew O l ean s J u ly 8d
. o s r r, o r r e r ,
r , ,

p o po e d a pl a n by w hich h said “s te a m b a t f th e enem y o u ld be as ff

r s , , e , o s o c e ec

t l l y p v en te d fr m d e s en di n g th e Mi ss i ss ip pi as f m s te a m i n g ac ss th
ua re o c ,
ro ro e

Al l gh y M o u ta i n Th e l e tt e c o n t i ned th e a nne x e d ill s t ativ e di ag am ”

e en n s. r a u r r .

Th o m as J Sw f N ew O l e an s i n a l e tte d a ted th Bl t f J u ly p o p se d . r, o r ,
r e s o ,
r o a

s p eci e s f t o p d o f th e sa me p o r e or ur

p s w hi ch m ight al s b of in
o e, o e use
b attl e l an d H i s a cc m p a n yi n g on . o

di ag a m which i s anne x ed e p e s en s r , , r r t

th e m a nne o f usin g th e to pe d o i n r r

th e iv e I t w as t o b e a tta ch e d t o r r .

th e en d f a l on g d p j e ti n o ro ,
ro c g,

n d e w ate f o m th e h w f th e v e s u r r, r o o ’

se l a n d fi xe d by a t u b e fill e d w ith ,
sr s u s ro s p n n o .

g u n p w d e T h e se pl a n s we e n o t t i e d ; bu t o th e b s t u ctio n s i n th e way o f
o r. r r r o r ,

su n k en v esse l s h w d f i o f v a i us ki n d s a n d a g a t v a i e ty o f t pe d oe s
, c ec a u o r es r o ,
re r or ,

“ o
Ta n g we e us e d d u i n g th e w Spe p p se d to pl ac e hi s to p e d oe s o n l an d a t s h oo t
0 5 37 c . r r . ar . ar ro o r ,

i n g di s ta n c e i n f o n t of a ch en pl a ce f b ttl e i n o ad s o v e w hich th e enem y

r os o a ,
or r r

w ou ld t a v e l a few i n ch e s u n d e g u n d wi th wi e attach e d s o as t o e xpl od e th em

r ,
r ro ,
r s ,

by me a n o f e l e ct icity T h e pl a n wa t o fall b ack as th e enem y a pp o ach e d a n d w h en th e y we e ab v e th e

s r .
”
s r ,
r o

to p ed e s t e xpl od e th em T h ill us t a tion s o f thi s no t e m ay b e e xpl ai ne d as f ll w s

r o o . e r o o

B ‘
m
rl n O m or r—A A aft s a n ch o e d be t ween th e s h e a n d th e ch a nne l B B b a tt e i e s
n sr n u on s , r r or .
,
r
 T HE C O N FE D E R A T E S A LA
’
R ME D
s t ren gth a t R a nd olph a nd F ort Pill o w on th e T enne ss ee s i de of th e Mi ss i s ,

s ippi He h a d p ro hibit ed a ll st e a mb oa t s from g oi n g ab o v e N e w M a d ri d h a d

.
,

p re ss ed in t o th e s e rvic e s e v e ra l C in cinn a ti pil ot s a nd h a d orde red u p tw o ,

g u n b o a t s fro m N ew O rl e a n s to O p e ra t e b e t ween N ew M a d ri d a nd C a i ro , .
‘

F rem o n t re t u rned to S t L ouis on th e 4th of A u g us t h a vi n g a cc om plish ed .

,

th e i mmed i a t e obj e ct s of hi s u nde rt a kin g He h a d s p re a d g re a t a l a rm a m on g .

th e C o n fede ra t e s i mmed i a t e ly c o n fro n ti n g hi m w h o we re s omew h a t d i s ,

”
t a ct ed by di vi ded c omm a nders Po lk w as chi e f , a nd from hi s
r .

A u gus t 7 h e a d qua rt e rs a t M em phi s h e orde red Pi l l ow to e v a c uat e N

d

ew
, - ‘

1 861 .

M a d ri d a nd w ith hi s men a nd h e avy gu n s h as t en to R a nd olph , , ,

a nd F ort Pill ow on th e T enne ss ee s h ore Th e in k of th a t d is p a tch w as , .

s c a rc e ly dry w h en h e c ou n t e rm a nded th e orde r for h e h a d h e a rd gl a d ti d i n g s

, ,

fro m M c C u ll oc h i n fro n t of Ly o n A g a in on th e 1 5 th h e w as so a l armed

, .
, ,

by ru m ors fro m ab o v e th a t h e a g a in o rde red Pill o w to ab a nd o n N e w M a d ,

rid a nd cro ss to T enne ss ee w ith hi s t roop s a nd a rm a men t immed i a t e ly

, .

T h e a mbiti o us Pill o w e vi den tly a n xi ous to win ren own by s e izi n g C a pe ,

G irarde au a nd w ith th a t vict ory to g a i n p o ss e ss i o n of B ird s Po i n t a nd

,
’

C a iro w as t a rd y in hi s o b ed i en c e a nd th e re su lt w as th a t h e k e pt hi s h e a d
, , ,

quart e rs at N ew M a dri d u n til e a rly i n Se pt em b e r as we s h a ll h e re afte r ,

o b s e rv e
3
.

o n th e s h o e C aft with h ea vy batte y i n th e ch a nne l D fl oa ti n g b m t o all o w f i en dly v e ss el s t p ass

r .
, r r .
, oo r o
th o u gh E s te a me d e s c en d i n g th e r .
, r

iv e S u ch a fts we e c n st u ct d a t r r r r o r e

s e v e a l pl a ce s o n th e Mi ssi ssi ppi i n th r e

fo m s een i n th e a nne x e d en g avi n g
,

r r

b e i n g h e ld by ch ai n s a ttach e d to a n
,

.
,

h pass i n g o v e th em l en gth w i se c ore, r .

T h e y we e i neffi ci en t a n d we e s n r , r oo

ab an d ne d o .

S T — A b w of t rn an s
‘
o nP n D 0 .
, o or

pe d o v e sse l B t o p e d o C C t u be .
, r .
,

fi ll e d w ith gu n p w d e su pp te d by a o r, or

s t o n g f a mewo k t w hich th e t p e d r r r , o or o

A N C H OR “ N a m n s rr i s a ttach e d D en d o f t ube t w hich

[ v n ssxssxrrx .
, o
th e m a tch i s appli d
.

e .

Au t o g aph l e tte o f Le o n idas Po lk t Gid e o n J Pill o w d t e d at M em phi s A u g us t 5 th 1 861

1 r r o ,
a , , .

G ene a l P olk as we h av e ob se v e d w as B i sh o p o f th e D i o c e s e o f L u i si a n a o f th e P o te s ta n t E pi sc pa l
3 r r o , r o

Ch u ch w h en th e w b o k e t A co e s po n d en t of th e N ew O l ea n s P icay e w iti n g f o m R ich m on d o n

, ,

r , ar r ou . rr r un , r r

th e d y o f Po lk s a pp oi n t men t as m aj o g ene a l i n th e C nfe d e a t e se vic e el a t d th e s e c e t hi s t y o f hi s l a y

a
‘
r- r o r r ,
r e r or

i n g as i d e th e c o ck o f th e bi sh o p f th e s wo d o f th e s ldi e He h a d b een u g e d t o tak e th e a pp i n t men t hi s

r or r o r. r o

m ilit y e d u ca ti on a t th e W e s t P oi n t A c ad em y be i n g th o u ght fi i t to p o m i s e a su cc e ss fu l c ee i n th e
,

ar su c en r ar r

fi e ld He fi n ally vi s ite d B i sh o p M ead e o f V i gi n i a th e sen i o bi sh o p o f th e ch u ch i n th e U n it d Sta t s t

.
, r ,
r r e e . o

c o n su lt with hi m ab u t i t T h e e su lt w i n hi s c as e as i n th a t of G ene a l J o se ph E J o h n s to n (w h o al s o
o . r as ,
r . con

su i te d B i sh o p M e ad e as t o w h a t w as hi s d u ty i n a s i m il a eme g en cy ) ; h e e ce iv e d th e app o v a l o f th e r r r r

p el a te d j l d th e a m y I t seem s th a t P o lk h ad sa ti s fi e d hi m s e l f th a t h e o u ght to a cce pt th e c o mm i ssi o n

r , an o ne r

b efo e h e vi si te d B i sh o p M e ad e ; f th e w i te say s that w h en th l atte s gg e s t d th a t th e D i o c e sa n o f Lou i s i

.
.
,

r or r r , e r u e

a n d w as al ea dy h o ldi n g a co mm i ssi o n i n a v e y di ff e en t a m y t o w hich h e o wed all e gi an c e th e g ea t sl a v e

r r r r , , r

h o ldi n g bi sh op e pli ed : I k n o w tha t v e y we ll a n d I d o n o t i n t en d to e s ig n it O th e c o n t a y I s h a ll o ly

r r r . n r r , n

p o v e th e m o e faith fu l t i t by d o i n g all th a t i n me l i e s t o b i n g thi s u n h a ll o we d a n d u nn a t u a l w t a s pee d y

,

r r o r r ar o

an d h appy cl o se W e o f th e C o nfe de a t e Sta t s

. th e l as t b u l w a k s of civil a n d e ligi o us lib e ty ; we fi ght f
,
r e ,
are r r r or

o ur h ea th s t o ne s a n d
r al ta s ; ab v e all we fi ght f a ace tha t h as b e n by D ivine P o vid en ce i n t us t e d t
ou r r o ,
or r e ,
r ,
r o

o ur m os t sac e d k ee pi n g W h en I acce pt a co mm i ss i o n i n th C f d m t A m y th e efo e I n o t o n ly pe fo m

r e on e e e r , r r r r

th e d u ti e s f a g oo d citiz en b tc t d f th p i ip l wh ich l i atth f d ati f

.
,

o , u on en c i l p l iti cal
or e r nc es e e o un on o ou r so a , o ,

an d r eli gi p l ity ou s o .
”

P ill o w h ad al way s been e s tiv e u n d e th e s t ai n t s i m p o s e d by th e t a n sfe of th e Tenne ss ee A my to

r r re r r r r

th e se vi c e o f th e C nf e d e a t au th o i tie s a n d h e ne v e o be y e d th e c o mm a n d s o f G ene a l Po lk w ith al a c ity

r o r e r ,
r r r

Th o m p s o n w as u n d e th e c mm a n d o f G v e n o J ck s n a n d H a d ee w h o w as at G een vill e s ome di s ta n ce i n

.

r o o r r a o r , r ,

th e i n te i o o f Mi ss u i e a ly i n A u g us t w as o p e ati n g with i n d e pen d en c e i n a me su e o f b o th Pill o w d Po lk

r r o r ,
r r , a r , an .

Pill o w a n d T h o m p s n h ad s e t th e i h e a ts th e s eiz u e o f Cap e Gi a d eau a n d B i d s Po i n t w hil s t H a d ee

o r r on r r r r
‘
, r

w as ai m i n g at a si m il a l t i a difi t w ay P o l k a t M e mphi s al a me d b y u m o o f an immen se a m

r re su n
’
ere n .
, ,
r r r r a
 THE SECESSI O NI S T S IN MI SS O UR I 63

N ew s of th e B attl e C reek an d th e d eath o f Ly on reach e d of Wil so n s

’
,
1
,

F re m on t on th e 1 3th of Au g u st T h e se c e ssi on i st s in St Louis w ere m ad e . .

j ubil an t an d b old by it T hi s di sp ositi on w as p rom ptly m et by th e C om .

— “
m an d e r in Chi e f M arti al l aw was d e cl ared an d G en eral Mc
-
.
,
14
Kin stry w as app oin t e d Pro v o st M arsh al S o m e of th e m ost -
.
’

activ e se c e ssi on i st s w ere arrest e d an d th e p u blic ati on of n e w s ,

p ap e rs ch arg e d w ith di sl oy alty w as su sp en d e d “ So tight w as h e ld th e c u rb .

o f re st rai n t in th e city th at an o u tb re ak w as p re v en t e d M ore free to act in .

th e ru ral di st rict s th e arm e d se c e ssi on i st s b e g an ag ai n to di st ress th e l o y al

,

p eopl e I n b an d s th e y m ov e d o v e r th e c ou n t ry pl un d eri n g an d d est royi n g

.
,
.

Al m ost d aily c olli si on s b et w ee n th em an d th e Hom e G u ard s o cc u rred O n e

,
.

of th e m ost se v e re o
’
f th ese c on fl i ct s t ook pl ac e at Ch arl est on w est of Bi rd s ,
”
Poi n t on th e 1 9 th w h en th ree h u n d re d Illin oi s Y olu n teers
, , ,
5A g t u us
u n d er C o l on e l D ou gh e rty
p u t t w e lv e h u n d re d C o n fe d erat e s to
.

flight T wo d ay s afterw ard ab att e ry pl an t e d by T h om p son at C om m erc e

.
, , ,

w as c ap tu re d by N ati on al t roop s sen t ou t from C ap e Gi rard e au ; an d e v e ry

w h e re th e l o y ali st s w e re su cc e ssfu l in thi s sort of w arfare B u tth e c on diti on .

o f p u blic aff ai rs in Mi sso u ri w as b e c om i n g d aily m ore al arm i n g T h e p ro vi .

si ou al g o v e rn m en t w as al m ost p o w e rl e ss an d G ov e rn or G am bl e by a m is ,
,
'

t ak en p ol ic y se riou sl y i nj u re d th e p u blic se rvic e at th at c ritic al ti m e by

,

re fu si n g to c om m i ssi on m ilit ary offi c e rs app o i n t e d by F re m on t T h e P re si .

d en t c om m i ssi on e d th e m hi m se lf an d th e w ork of organ izi n g a forc e for th e ,

m en t ab t t d ou d th Mi i ippi a d attack that pl ac w a a xi t t gth i t a d th pp ti g

o e sce n e ss ss n e, s n ou s o s re n en n e su or n

p t b v it
os s a o th T e h a d h c h i d f Pil l w t v c t N w Mad
on e e n n e sse e s ore , n en e s or er or o c o e a ua e e

r id a d h t n w ith h i t
as e n p a d h vy g t Ra d lph d F t Pill w Pill w d m d
s roo s n ea un s o n o an or o o e u rre ,

an d ch a g d P lk b y i m plicati
r e ow ith k pi g b ack
,
f c m t d th w ti g h i w ll l i d on , ee n re- e n o r e e n s, an ar n s e -
a

pl f th lib ati f Mi
an s or e i P lk t t d a d i ti m at d th t Pill w
er on o gl cti g t
sso u r . o re or e ,
n n e a o s ne e n o

f tify N w M d i d h h ad b
or e a r d d t d b f th N ti l w
as e ad y f a ff iv m v m t
e e n or e re o o, e ore e a o na s ere re or n o en s e o e en ,

w a a bls d th t w m d th v ac ti f th t p t a c ity I h i d i p atch v ki g th d f

un er a no a e e e ua on o a os n e e ss . n s s re o n e or er or

th e e v ac ti f N w M d i d P lk d i ct d Pill w t b k p bi b th
ua on o e a r d h i h vy ca
,
o t R re e o o re a u s
'

ees ere , se n s ea n n on o an

d lph a d F t P ill w a d m a chi g by th w y f P l

o n or o t j i h i f c w ith th f H d tG vill
, n ,
r n e a o e asan on , o n s or e s ose o ar e e a reen e .

T hi w a l s d i t t f l t th T
s a so c mma d
s as e u H p t d th at h h d t i d th path a d h ad b
o e e n n essee o n er . e re or e e a r e e n ee n

c m p ll d t f ll b ck t N w M d i d
o e e o a acc a t f af b i d g ; al th t h i t d d t m v
o e a r Cap on o un o uns e r es so, a e n en e o o e on e

G i d by th iv
rar e au d P lk wa a y d a d w t h im a l g l tt
e r er roa th l 6 th f A g
. o t i it t , s nno e ,
n ro e on e e r on e o u us ,
n s on e

d p c t y f l ill w c
e re a or o w hil t th
’
tl T h m p
o
’
wh s w s w w ith H d
o u rse a d w w ith s e re s e ss o son , o a no ar ee, n no

P ill w w a g ly gi g a f w d m v m t I w l d lik v y m ch h w t
o , s ea e r ur n or th l 6th f A g
ar t o e en ou e er u ,
”
e ro e on e o u us ,

t h av y
o p m i i t ad va c
e o ur er I m th t I
ss on tk C p G i d w ith t fi i g a g by
o n e , as a su re a c an a e a e rar e au ou r n un ,

m a chi g th
r m
n light ight a d t ki g th m by p i
ese oon E v y giv m th c d it f at l a t
n s n a n e su r r se . er one es e e re o e s

m en , a d I h av n th m f ight d a ly t d th T h f ll w i g d y h w t t Pill w ayi g I f y wi h

e e r ene ne r o ea .
”
e o o n a e ro e o o ,
s n ,
ou s

a l gal xc
e f ad v
e ci g w ith d w y c t l v m f a f w h s d th c m t m y c
u se or an n ,
W
ra o ur o n ro o er e or e ou r ,
an en o e o res u e. e

m t us tl th m
no th w ath
ose m y ch g a d th
e oon w mp b c m imp abl
e e er a an e, n e s a s e o e ass e .
”

Ha d th c t y wh d i d a p li m i y m v m t g i t Cap G i d t iz th p t
r ee, on e o n rar
,
o e s re ,
as re n ar o e en a a ns e rar eau, o se e e os

a tI t th th t m
ron on , f th
e il way en i g th w d f m St L i d i d t m d i p d t id
er in us o e ra ru n n n sou ar ro . o u s, no see s ose o a

P ill w i h i d ig ; whil t P lk cc d i g t a l tt f m L w i G D R
o n s es ns y h i id d c m p d t d t
s o ,
a or n o e er ro e s . e u sse ,
s a -
e- a ,
a e a

F t Pill w th 1 7th f A g t w a xi f P ill w a d H d t j i th i f c t B t a d m a ch

or o on e o u us , as n ous or o n ar e e o o n e r or e s a en o n , n r

u p St L i I thi d ci d d t t th q ti c c i g ff iv m v m t i Mi
on . ou s . n s un e e i m i d s a e, e u es on on ern n o en s e o e en s n sso ur re a ne

un til th cl f A g t wh
e o se oth N ti l f c at I b t th C p a d B i d P i t h d b
u us ,
en i c a d
e a o na or e s r n on , e a e, n r
’
s o n , a een so n re se ,

th t a y f wa d m v m t f th C f d at w l d h v b
a n or r o e xt m ly p il
en o W a t k th C ap
e on e er es ou a e een e re e er ou s e c n a e e e,

b t w h t w l d w d w ith it P P ill w a k d ig i fi c tly

u a ou e o th 29 th H d a l d a d xp i
‘ ”
cd o s e s n an on e . ar e e, n o n e er e n e

o ffic h a d p itiv ly
e r, f d t g f w d a d P ill w d P lk w l d t i k uch a m v m t with t h i
os e re use o o or ar ,
n o an o ou no r s s o e en ou s

c c on T h c d ct f th am biti
urren ce . eP ll w i thi
on ti
u bcm i b d i t th at G
o e l ou s i o n s c on n n e c on e a e so n su o r n a e, e n e ra

P lk b m itt d a t t m t f it t th W D p tm t atR ich m d th 20th f A g t

o su e s a e en o C id i g
o e ar e ar en ,
”
on , on e o u us . on s er n

y ou h v p d a
a e u sur eth ity t p p ly y w
“w t D R
n au y i borh lf f P lk “by w hich
no y ro er o ur o n, ro e e u sse ,
n e a o o ,
ou

hav th wa t d a d mb
e r e d h i a a g m t a d p ti f th g
n e arrasse ld f h f l it h i d ty t s rr n e en s n o e ra on s or e en e ra e en se, e ee s s u o

su b m it t th W D p t m t th p iti y h v th ght p p t a m
o e ar e ar E v t d i g th f w ~
en e os on ou a e ou ro e r o ssu e .
”
en s ur n e e su c

cee di g d y ch n g d ll pl a — A t g ap h L tt f F lk Ha d P il l w Th mp o a d th f m th
a s an e a ns . u o r e ers o o ,
r ee, o ,
o s n, n o ers, ro e

cl ose o f J ly t th cl u f A g t 1 861
o e o se o u us , .

Th C i
f d at a w h v b v d c ll it th B ttl f O k Hill
e on e er e s, s e a e o se r e ,
a e a e o a .

Morn in g Herald, E ven in g Missour i an , an d /

War B u lle ti n .
 64 FREM O N T S S TARTLIN G PR O CLAMATI O N ’
.

p u rp ose of sw ee p in g the i n su rg en t s ou t of th e St at e an d cl e ari n g th e b an k s ,

of th e Mi ssi ssippi o f all bl ock adin g ob st r u cti on s to fre e n avig ati on from St .

L ou i s to N e w O rl e an s w en t st e adily on ,
.

S ati sfi e d th at n othi n g b u t m artial l aw an d th e m ost st ri n g e n t m easu res

t o w ard th e se c e ssi on i st s w ou ld se c u re p e ac e an d q u i et to Mi ssou ri an d safety ,

to th e c au se F rem on t t o ok th e admin i st rati on of p u blic aff ai rs th e re i n t o h is

,

o w n h an d s an d on th e 31 st of A u g u st h e i ssu e d a p ro cl am ati on in w hich h e

, ,

d e cl are d th at m arti al l aw w as th ereby e st abli sh e d th rou gh ou t Mi ssou ri an d ,

th at th e li n e s of th e Arm y of O cc u p ati on in th at St at e e xt en d e d fo r th e ,
.

p resen t from L e av e n w orth in K an sas by w ay o f th e p ost s of J eff e rson

, , ,

City R o ll a an d I ron t on to C ap e Gi rarde au o n th e Mi ssi ssippi Riv er He

, , ,
.

d e cl are d th at al l p e rson s w ithin th ose li n e s t ak e n w ith arm s i n th e i r h an d s

sh ou ld b e t rie d by c o u rt m arti al an d if fo u n d g u ilty sh ou ld b e sh ot ; th at , , ,

th e p rop e ity re al an d p e rson al o f al l p e rso n s in Mi sso u ri w h o sh ou ld b e

, , ,

p rov en to h av e t ak e n an activ e p art w i th th e en e m i e s of th e G ov e rn m en t in ,

th e fi e ld sh ou ld b e c on fi sc at e d to th e p u blic u se an d th e i r sl av es if th e y h ad
, , ,

an y sh ou ld b e th e reafter free m en ; an d th at all p e rson s e n g ag e d in th e

,

d est ru cti on of b ridg e s rail w ay t rack s an d t e l eg raph s sh o u ld su ff e r th e , , ,

e xt re m e p en alty of th e l aw All p e rsons wh o by sp e e ch or c orresp on d e n c e .

, ,

sh ou ld b e fo u n d g u ilty o f givi n g aid to th e i n su rg e n t s in an y w ay w e re ,

w arn e d o f ill c on se q u e n c e s to th e m se lv e s ; an d al l w h o h ad b e en se d u c e d
from th e i r all e gi an c e to th e N ati on al G ov e rn m e n t w e re re q u i re d to ret u rn to
th e i r h om e s forth w ith T h e d e cl are d obj e ct of th e p ro cl a ati o n w as to
m
‘

pl ac e i n th e h an d s of th e m ilit ary au th oriti e s th e p o w e r to g i v e i n st an t an e

o u s e ffe ct to e xi sti n g l aw s w hil e o rdi n ary civ il au th o rity w o u ld n o t b e su s ,

p e n d e d w h e re th e l aw sh o u ld b e ad m i n i st ere d i n th e u su al m an n e r
,
.
’

G e n eral F rem on t act e d p rom ptly in acc ord an c e w ith his p ro cl am ati on ,

an d th e g re at e st c on st e rn ati on b eg an to p re v ail am o n g th e i n su rg e n t s o f

Mi ssou ri w h e n h is h an d w as st ay e d He w as m ost bitt erly assail ed by th e

,
.

e n e m i es of th e Ad m in i st rati on e sp e ci ally b e c au se o f th at p orti o n o f h is p ro ,

cl am ati on w hich rel at e d to em an cip ati o n an d c on fi sc ati on I n th e b ord e r .

Sl av e l ab or St at e s th e re arose a st orm of i n dig n ati on w hich al arm e d th e

-

G ov ern m en t ; an d th e Pre sid en t an xi ou s to pl ac at e th e reb e lli ou s spi ri t in ,

th ose St at e s re qu est e d F re m on t to m odify his p ro cl am ati on c on c e rn i n g

,

th e c on fi sc ati on of p ro p erty an d th e libe rati on of th e sl av e s so as ,

to st rictly c on fo rm to an act o f C on g ress p asse d on th e 6 th of A u

g u st 3
F rem on t d e clin e d to do so an d ask e d th e Presid e n t to op e n ly di re ct
.
,

h im to m ak e th at m odific ati on for h is j u dgm en t an d sel f re sp e ct w ou ld n ot ,

-

M J fl T h mp
1 . l ad y m ti d a d wh b cam th t
e
‘

. o son , a re f l l l aw abi d i g citiz en i Mi i

on e , n o e e e error o a -
n en s n ssour ,

i
ssu e d a p clam ati th 2d f S pt m b
ro d cl i g th t h w i t t d by Acti g G v
o n on e o e R y ld
e e r, e ar n a e as n ru s e n o e rn or e no s

no t ly w ith th c mm i i
on f b igad i g e l b t al w ith “c t i p lic p w
o ss o n o a d
r i d : “I d er- en e ra ,
u so er a n o e o e rs,
”
n sa o

m t os l m ly p m i th at f v y m m b f th Mi
so e n ro i Stat G a d
se , or el di f lli th a m i
er e er o e ssou r e u r or so er o ou r a es, e r es

f d at S tat wh h all b p tt d ath i p a c f th ai d d f G al F m t I w ill

q
o f th C e on e er e e s, o s e u o e n ursu n e o e s or e r o en er re on ,

h a g d aw a d
n , a t ami i
r , f ai d Ab ah m Li c l
n u r er n on o s r a n o n .
”

F m t p cifi d a as f h i a m i g th d m i i t ativ p w f th Stat th fact th at it

9 re on s e e , s re on s or s ssu n e a n s r e o e rs o e e, e s

d i g i z d c d iti th h lpl
sor an e on f th ci vil a th i ty th t tal i
on , e c ity f lif a d th d v a tati
e e ssn e ss o e u or . e o n se ur o e, n e e s on

o f p p ty by ba d
ro e r f m d a d ma a d n wh i f t d
s o ly v y c nty i th Stat a d avail d
ur e rers n r u ers,
”
o n es e n e ar e er ou n e e, n e

th m lv f th p blic m i f t
e se es o a d th evici i ty f a h til f c t g atify p ivat a d igh b h d
u s o r un e s n e n o os e or e , o r r e n ne or oo

v g a c d wh f d a
en e n e , an my wh v th y f d pl d d m d d th v t m a es to pp
o ou n n ene ere er e ou n un er, e an e e se eres e sur su re ss

th d i d t mai tai th p blic p ac a d t giv se c ity d p t cti t th p

ese sor ers, o n n e u a d p p ty e e
,
n o e ur an ro e on o e e rson s n ro e r

o f l y al citiz
o en s .

S 3 pag 29 ee e .
 T HE G O V E R N ME NT AND SLA V ERY .
65

h im to do it him self ‘
ll
a ow T h e Pre sid e n t acc ordin gly i ssu e d an o rd er to .

“
th at e ffe ct an d a m ost p o w erf u l w ar m e asu re w hich w as ad opt e d
, ,

by th e G o v ern m en t l e ss th an a y ear l at er an d w hich n ow p rom ,

i se d as su ch th e m ost effici e n t aid to th e N ati on al c au se w as

, , ,

m ad e alm ost i n ope rativ e O n ly th ose sl av e s w h o w e re act u ally e m pl o y e d .

in th e m il it ary se rvic e of th e C on fe d erat es w e re to b e d e cl are d free by th e

P re side n t s o rd er S o c au ti ou sly did th e G o v ern m e n t m ov e at thi s tim e in
’
.
,

th e m atte r of sl av e s th at spe ci al o rd e rs w e re i ssu e d to c om m an d ers in oth er ,

D ep art m e n t s o n th e su bj e ct all h avin g a t en d e n cy to c al m th e app re h en si on s ,

th at a g e n e ral e m an cip ati on of th e b on d sm e n w as c on t e m pl at e d .

’

1 “If t ct f m y w acc d ai d F m t “i t w l d i m ply th at I m y lf th ght it w g

I were to re ra o o n or ,
”
s re on , ou se ou ron ,

a d th at I act d w ith
n t th fl cti w hich th g avity f th p i t d ma d d B t I d i d t I act d w ith
e ou e re e on e r o e o n e n e . u no . e

f l l d lib ati a d with th c tai c victi that it w a a m a

u e er on , n ight a d c sa y ; a d I thi k
e er n on on s e sure r n n e es r n n so

s til l .
"

Th v ativ attit d f th G v m t i l ti t l av y at th at ti m h w v xp d i t it m y
e con se r e u e o e o ern en n re a on o s er , e, o e er e e en a

h av b a a thi g p licy t wa d th b d Slav l b S tat w a d i app i tm t t it f i d ab ad

e ee n s soo n o o r e or er e- a or e s, s a s o n en o s r en s ro ,

w h w ll o d t d th bj ct f th c pi t t b th f mati f a g t m pi w h p litical a d
e un e rs oo e o e o e on s ra ors o e e or on o re a e re o se o n

i d t i l y t m h l d b f d d h ma l v y I W t E p th l g c t v y that b
n us r a s s e s ou e ou n e on u n s a er . n es e rn u ro e, e on o n ro ers on su

jc t i
e N ti l L gi l t
n ou r h ad b
a w tch d w ith g at i t
on a e t ; a d th m
s a u re light d b v ee n a e re n ere s n e ore en e ne o se r e rs,

wh en th w a b k t b li v d a d h p d th at th p d icti f a d i ti g i h d m m b f C g (J h a
e r ro e ou , e e e n o e e re on o s n u s e e er o on re ss os u

R G i dd i g ) mad i th at b d y i 1 848 w h m m b fr m Sl v l ab St t i l tly th t d t di

. n s ,
e n o n , en e ers o a e- or a es n so en re a e n e o s

so lv th U i if th i wi h w
e e n on t g atifi d w l d b f lfill d H ai d that w h th t c t t h l d
e r s es e re n o r e , ou e u e . e s en a on es s ou

c m th l s f
o e, w ill th
e ov er ta d f th a d x t th l giti m at p w
o o ur race f thi G v m tf f en s n or n e er e e e o ers o s o e rn en or re e

d m o .W hall th h v c tit ti l p w t a t f th g d f
e s en a e c t y a d t d j ti c t th l av
ons u o na o er o c or e oo o ou r ou n r n o o us e o e s e .

W w ill th
e t i k fi th h ackl f m h i li m b T h G v m t will th hav p w t a t b t w
en s r e o
'
e s es ro s s
. e o ern en en e o er o c e ee n

s l av y a d f d m a d i t a th m k p a by givi g lib ty t it lav —S G idd g Hi t y f th

er n re e o ,
n c n en a e e ce n er o s s es .
”
ec
’

zn
’
ss s or o e

R b ll i
e e pag 48 1 on , e .

Th y w d i app i t d w h i M S wa d ca fully w itt d i patch t Mi i t D yt

e ere s o n e en ,th 22d f n r . e r
‘
s re r en s o n s er a on , o n e o

A p il 1 86 1 th y w
r ,
a ,
d th t th m aj i ty f th p pl f th R p blic w w illi g t l t th y t m f
e e re ss u re a e or o e eo e o e e u e re n o e e s s e o

l v y al a d that w h t v m ight b th
s a er o n e, n lt f th w th ki d li g it w l d c iv d m ag
a e er Th e e re su o e ar en n n ,
ou re e e no a e
. e

c d iti f l av y i th v al Stat h ai d w ill m i j t th am w h th it c d f il T h

on on o s
“
er n e se er e s, e s , re a n us e s e, e er su c ee or a . ere

i
s no t v ap t xt f th c m pl i t that th di afi t d Stat a t b c q d by th U it d Stat if th
e en re e or e o an e s
’
ec e es re o e on u e re e n e es e

re v l ti fail ; f th ight f th Stat a d th c d iti f v y h ma b i g i th m w ill mai b

o u on or e r s o e es, n e on on o e er u n e n n e ,
re n su

jc t t xactly th am l w a d f m f ad m i i t ti w h th th v l ti h ll cc d w h th it
e o e e s e a s n or s o n s ra on, e er e re o u on s a su ee or e er

s hall fal L I th ca th Stat w l d b f d lly c

n e on e ct d w ith th w c f d cy ; i th th th y
se e es ou e e era on n e e e ne on e e ra n e o er, e

w ou l d a w b m m b f th U it d S t t ; b t th i c tit ti a d l aw c t m h abit a d i ti
, s no ,
e e e rs o e n e a es u e r ons u on s n s, us o s, s, n ns

tu ti i
o n s, ith c a w ill mai th am I ti ha d ly c a y t d d t thi i t tab i t at m t th
n e er se re n e s e . s r n e e ss r o a o s n co n e s c s e en e

f th f ct th at th w P i d t a w ll a th citi
ur er a e ne th gh w h ff ag h h
re s c m i t th adm i
en , s e s e z ens ro u ose su r es e as o e n o e . n

i t ati
s r h a al w ay
o n, p d i at d al l d ig w h at v a d w h v i m p t d t h im d th m f d i t bi g
s s re u e es n s, e er n e re er u e o
'
an e ,
o s ur n
“
th y t m f l av y a it i xi ti g d th C ti t ti a d th l aw
e s s e o s er s se s n un er e on s u on n e s .

T h p d icti e f M G i dd i g w
re f lfill d w hil th
on o f hi f i r d a d w k i th a ti lav y
. n s as u e , e o se o s r en n co- or er n e n -
s er

m v m t c t ai d i h i fii i l
o e en ,
on a c wne t Th y n ly v d t i fl ict m al i j y p th
s o c a assur n es, ere n o . e on ser e o n or n ur u on e

ca f th G v
u se o m t d d i c ag th f i d f h m a ity ; a d ch al w a th ff ct f th c
e o ern en ,
an s our va e e r en so u n n su so s e e e o e o n se r

tiv acti f th G v m t th bj ct f l av y d i g th a li p i d f th wa I tw a t til

e on o e o ern en on e su e o s er ur n e e r er er o o e r . s no un

th P e i d t i d h i E m a cipati P cl am ti
re s en ssu e ixt m th l at th at th wa m t y m p thi f th
s n on ro a on . s e en on s e r, e r es s a es o e

l v f lib ty d th ight f m i th O l d W l d w ma if t d f th ca
o ers o er an e r f th G v
s o m t an , n e or , ere n es e or e use o e o ern en .

VO L II . .
- 6
 M O V EMEN T S O F I N S UR EN TS I N G “
MISS O URI .

C HA P T ER III

M I L I T AR Y O PE R AT IO N S IN M I SS O U R I AN D K E NT U CK Y .

O N T R AR Y
g e n e ral e xp e ct ati on th e C on fe d erat e s did to ,

n o t p u rsu e th e sh att e re d littl e arm y th at w as l e d by

Sig el from Sp ri n gfi eld to R oll a Mc C u ll o ch c on t en t e d

,
.
l

hi m se lf w ith i ssu in g a p rocl am ati on to th e

A g 12 4

e o pl e o f Mi sso u ri
“ u

1 86 1
p t e lli n g th e m th at h e h ad
.

.
,

c om e on th e i n vit ati on of th ei r G ov e rn or , ,
“to assi st in d rivi n g th e N ati on al fo rc e s ou t of th e
”
St at e an d in re st ori n g to th e p e o pl e th e i r j u st right s
,
.

He assu re d th em th at h e h ad d riv e n th e e n e m y fro m am on g th e m an d th at ,

th e U n i on t ro o p s w e re th e n in fu ll fl ight afte r d e fe at He c all ed u p on ,

.

th e p eo pl e to ac t p ro m ptly in c o o p e rati on w ith h im sayi n g

“ Mi ssou ri m u st
-
, ,

— ”
b e all ow e d to ch o o se h e r o w n d e sti n y n o o at/ts bin d in g y ou r c on sc ien ces .

“
T hi s w as al l th at th e T e x an did in th e w ay of d rivi n g th e e n e m y ou t o f th e
St at e aft er th e b attl e o f W il son s C re ek His assu m p ti on s an d de p o rt m e n t
”
,
’
.

w e re offe n siv e to P ric e an d h is so ldi e rs Ali e n ati on e n su e d an d Mc C u l loc h .

,

soon ab an d o n e d th e fo rt u n e s o f th e Mi sso u ri l e ad e r fo r th e m o m e n t an d w ith , ,

h is arm y l eft th e St at e
,
.

Pric e n o w c all e d u p on th e se c e ssi on i st s to fill h is sh att e re d ran k s T h e y .

re sp o n d e d w ith al ac rity an d at th e m iddl e of A u g u st h e m o v e d n o rth w ard

,

t o w ard th e Mi ssou ri Riv e r in th e di re c ti o n of Le xi n gt on in a c u rv e th at

, ,

b e n t far t ow ard th e e ast e rn fron ti e r of K an sas from w hich U n i on i st s w e re ,

adv an ci n g u n d e r G e n e ral J am e s H L an e Wi th th e se h e h ad so m e ski rm i sh . .

in g on th e 7th o f S e pt em be r at D ry w oo d C re e k ab o u t fift een m il e s e ast of

, ,

th e b ord er He d ro v e th e m ac ro ss th e li n e an d p u rsu e d th e m to F o rt Sc ott

.
, ,

w hich h e fo u n d ab an d o n e d L e avi n g a sm all fo rc e th e re h e re su m e d h is

.
,

m arch a n d re ach e d Warr e n sb u rg in J o h n son C o u n ty on th e

5 S pt m b
“
e e er , , ,
.

1 1 th I n th e m e an ti m e h e h ad i ssu e d a p ro cl am ati on to th e
.
,
c A g 28
u
i n h abit an t s of Mi ssou ri d at e d at J e ff e rson Ci ty th e c apit al of th e
. .
‘
, ,

St at e in w hich h e sp ok e o f a g re at vict ory at Wil son s C re ek an d g av e th e

,
’
,

p e ac eabl e citiz e n s assu ran c e of fu ll p ro t e cti on in p erson an d p rop erty .

’
Le xi n gt on a t ow n on th e sou th e rn b an k of th e Mi ssou ri Riv e r th ree
, ,

h un d re d m il e s by its c ou rse ab o v e St L o u i s an d o cc u pyi n g an i m p ort an t

, ,
.
,

fron ti er p ositi on w as n o w b rou ght in t o g reat p rom i n en c e as th e th e at re of a

,

d e sp erat e st ru ggl e It c o m m an de d th e app ro ach to F ort L e av e n w orth by

.

w at e r ; an d w h en F re m on t w as app ri se d of Pric e s n orth w ard m o v e m e n t

’
,

an d th e i n c re asi n g b o ld n e ss o f th e se c e ssi on i st s in th at re gi o n h e sen t a ,

1 S ee p age 54 .

3 C ap ital of Lafa y tt C
e e o un ty Mi
,
sso u r i , an d th c t i i g ab t fi
en on a n n ou ve th o u san d i h bit t
n a an s .
 NA TI O NA L T R O OP S A T LEX IN G TON .
67

s m all force to Le xingt o n to t ake ch a rge of the m on e y in the b ank th ere an d ,

to p ro tect the l o y al inh abit ant s T hi s little fo rce w as i n c re ase d fro m tim e .

to tim e, u ntil e arly in Septembe r when P rice w as app ro aching Warren sb u rg ,

the n u mbe r of U ni o n t roop s at L exi n gt o n w as ne arly t wenty eight h u nd red -

c omm anded by C o l o n e l J ame s A M u ll i g an of the I ri sh B rig ade of C hic ag o .

, ,

Ill in oi s M u lligan with h is men re ached L e xi n gt o n on the 9 th of S e ptem

.
, ,

h er afte r a m arch of nine d ay s fro m Je ff e rson City an d b e ing th e se n i o r

, , ,

o ffi ce r he assu med the ch i ef c omm an d Pe ab o dy s regim e n t h ad c ome in on ’

.
, ,

the foll o wing day in full ret re at fro m Warre n sb u rg h aving been d riv e n
, ,

aw ay b y th e app ro ach of the o ve rwhelming force s o f P rice

9
.

S ati sfied th at Price w o u ld speed i ly att ack the p o st C o l onel M u llig an ,

t ook p o siti o n on Masonic Hi ll n orthe astw ard o f the city which comp ri sed , ,

ab o u t fi fte e n ac re s an d on which w as a su b st an ti al b rick b u ild ing e re cted

,

fo r a c o llege He p ro ceeded at o nce to c ast u p st ro ng int re n chment s on th e

,

emin e n ce i n c o mp ass s uf ficient to acc omm od ate within th e i r are a te n th ou sand

,

m en His fi rst li n e of w ork s w as in fro nt o f the c o llege b u ildi n g

. O u t side .

o f h is emb ankment s w as a b road ditch an d bey o nd thi s w e re skillfu lly ,

arrang e d pit s i n t o which assail ant s foo t o r h o rse might fall

,
Th e g ro u nd , , .

w as al so m i n e d o u t sid e of the fortific ati on s with a g ood su pply of g u n p o wde r ,

an d s u it able t rain s B u t the t roo p s u nfort u n ately h ad o nly ab ou t fo rty

.
, ,

ro u nd s o f amm u niti o n e ach an d six sm all b rass c an n o n an d tw o h o witz e rs , .

T he l att er we re u sel e ss bec au se th e re we re n o sh e ll s Ho u rly e xpecting ,

.

re enforcem e nt s
-
M u llig an re solved to d efy h is enemy with the m e an s at
,

h and .

O n the m orning o f th e 1 l th o f Septembe r afte r a vi o l e n t st orm th at h ad raged ,

fo r seve ral h o u rs Pric e m o ved fro m Warre n sb u rg t o ward L exi n gt o n an d th at

, ,

night enc amped tw o o r

th ree mil e s from the city .

The re he re st
“
e d u ntil d awn ,

wh e n he d ro ve
in the N ati on al picket s ,

an d o pen e d a c ann o n ade ,

with the b atte rie s of Bled

se e an d Parso n s u p o n ,

M u l l i g a n s int renched ’

c amp fro m fo u r diff e rent

p oint s Thei r fi re w as at
.

fi rst c onc e nt rat e d u p o n th e

st ro nge r w o rk s at the c ol
S I E E O F L E IN T O N G X G .

lege b u ilding S ome ou tw o rks w e re capt u re d an d the N ati on al s w ere d ri v e n

.
,

within th e i r i n t renchm e nt s ; n ot h o w e ve r u ntil seve ral fie rce st ru ggl e s h ad , ,

Th h m w c m p d f th Thi t th Mi
e se o es i C l l P abody ; Fi t Illi i R gi m t f
ere o ose o e r ee n ssou r o on e e rs no s e en o

i H m G d a d th T w ty th i d Illi i f th I i h
,

C av al y C l l M h ll ; fi h d d Mi
r , o on e ars a ve un re ssour o e u ar s , n e en -
r n o s, o e r s

B ig ad C l l M lli ga
r e, o on e u n

t f m L xi gt t Wa b g t c
.

Th t p had b
2 e se roo s ee n b t $1 00 000 i m y P ic
se n ro e n on o rre n s ur ,
o se u re a ou ,
n on e . r e

w a i f m d f thi m v m
s n or t d h a d h i d f w a d by f c d m ch t iz th t a b f th
e o s o e e n , an urr e or r ,
or e ar e s, o se e e re su re e o re e

N ti al t p c l d
a on ch th
ro o H w s t oul t d t h i d i app i t m
re a t w a add d g t i d i g ti
e re . e as oo a e an o s s o n en s e re a n na on

b cae f ca i at
u se o w hich m f th G m
r c ure s ffic w h w cl v a ti t h ad l ft b hi d ill t tiv
so e o e er an o e rs, o e re e er r s s, e e n . u s ra e

of th d i t e f th C f d t w h th y h l d fi d th t
s re ss o e on e g e ra e s en e s ou n e re asure one .
 SIE GE O F LEXIN G T O N .

been endu red The defen se w as b ravely kept u p d u rin g the wh ole day
.
,

when Price finding h is amm u niti o n an d h is fami shed m e n ne arly exh au sted
,
l
,

withd rew at su n s et to the F ai r g rou nd s to aw ait the arriv al of h is w ag on

, ,
-

t rain an d re—enforcement s M u llig an s men imm e di ately re sort e d to the .

’

t renche s to c ompl e t e thei r p rep arati on s for a siege

,
.

M u llig an n o w anxi ou sly l o oked for expected re—e nfo rcement s while hi s ,

men w orked night an d day in st re ngthening the fortific ati o n s He w as dis .

app o i n ted His c o u rie r sen twith s u pplic ati o n s fo r aid to Je ff e rso n C ity
.
, ,

w as c apt u red on the w ay Hou r afte r h o u r an d day afte r day went by an d .

’
,

n o relief appe ared Y et b ravely an d h opefu lly h is little b and w orked o n

.
,

u ntil o n the m orn ing of the 1 7th Gen e ral Price w h o h ad been re enforced
, , ,
-
,

an d n o w h ad in h and o ve r t wenty fi v e th o u sand t roop s incl u ding a l arge -

n u mb e r of re c ru it s w h o h ad c o m e with thei r rifl e s an d sh o t g u n s c u t o ff the -

c omm u n i c ati o n of the be sieged with the city u p o n which they ,

S pt 1 8 chiefly relied fo r w at e r an d on the foll o wi n g d a “t o k p sse i n
0 e .
,

y o o ss o ,
1 86 1 .

of the t o wn cl osed in u p o n the g arri so n an d beg an a siege in , ,

e arne st The C o nfe de rate s h ad al re ady seized a st e amb oat well l aden with
.

s t ore s fo r the N ati on al t ro op s ; an d u nde r eve ry d i sad vant age the l atte r , ,

c on d u ct e d a m ost g all ant d e fen s e .

Ge n eral R ain s s divi si on o cc u pied a st rong p ositi o n o n the e ast an d n orth

’

e ast of the fo rtific ati on s from which an e ff ective c ann on ade w as o pene d at ,

n i n e o cl o ck an d kept u p by Bled soe s B atte ry c om m and e d by C apt ain Em

’
,
’
,

mit McD o n ald an d an othe r di rected by C apt ain C Cl ark of St L o u i s

,
.
,
. .

Gene ral Parson s t ook a p o siti o n sou thwe st of the w ork s fro m which h is ,

b att e ry u nde r C apt ain G u ib or p ou red a ste ady fi re u p on the g arri son N e ar
, ,
.

R ain s the divi si o n of C o l o nel C ong reve J ackso n w as p osted as a re s e rve ;

,

an d ne ar P arso n s a p art o f Gene ral Steen s di vi si o n pe rfo rmed th e same ser

’
,

v ice whil st sh arp sh oo te rs we re sent fo rw ard to h arass an d fatig u e the b e

,

l e ag u e red t roop s w h o we re n o t all o wed a m om e nt s rep o se

,
’
.

G e n e ral Harri s (w h o as we h ave seen c am e d o wn from N orthe astern ,

3
,

Mi ssou ri an d j o i n ed P rice at L exingto n ) an d Ge n e ral Mc B ride sc orning al l ,

ru le s o f C h ri sti an w arfare st ormed a bl u ff on which w as sit u ated the h o u se

,

of C o l o n e l Ande rso n an d then u sed as a h o spit al c apt u ring it w ith its in

, ,

m ate s w hile a y ell o w fl ag the in si gn i a of its ch aract e r w as w aving o ve r it

, , ,
.

It w as re t aken by the M on tg ome ry G u ard s C apt ain Gl e ason of the I ri sh “

, ,
”
B rig ade e ighty st ron g w h o ch arged in the face of the h ot fi re of the fo e
, , , ,

a di st ance of eight h u nd red y ard s u p a sl ope d riv ing the C o nfede rate s fro m ,

the b u ilding an d f ar d o wn the hill bey o nd The fight w as de spe rate an d .

,

s ome of the sick we re k i ll e d in th e i r bed s The G u ard s we re fin ally rep u l sed . .

C apt ain Gle as on c am e b ack with a b u llet th rou gh h is cheek an d an othe r

th ro u gh h is arm an d with o nly fi fty of hi s eighty men ,
”
Thi s ch arge said .
,

C o l o nel M u llig an in h is oflicm l rep ort w as on e of the m ost b rilli ant an d

, ,
”
reckle ss in al l hi s t ory .

i In c q f c d m ch t L xi gt a l a g m b f P ic
on se u en c e of a l d i h d ith at
or e ar o e n on , r e nu er o r
’
e s so ers a ne er e e n n or

l pt f
s e or i thi ty — P ic R p tt G v
r -
J ck S pt m b 23 1 86 1
sx h ou rs r
’
e s e or o o e rn or a son , e e er , .

O th l 0th h
3 n t Li t a t Rai f h i I i h B ig d wi th 1 2 m
e e se n th t m Su hi
e u en n n s, o s r s r a e,
”
en , on e s ea er ns n e, o n

thi a d
s e rr nT h d i ta c t J fi
. City f m L xi gt i 1 60 m il
e s F ty m il b l w L xi gt
n e o e
‘

e rson ro e n on 8 es . or es e o e n on th e

t am w a apt d a d th
s e er sc b d w mad p i ure , n ose o n oar e re e r so n e rs .

S ! p g 55
ee a e .
 S URREN DER O F T HE N A TI O N A L TR OO P S .
69

h o urs M u llig an s little b and m aint ai n ed the c o nte s t with

F or seventy tw o -
’

o u t ce ssati on fighti n g an d l abo ring on the w o rk s alte rn ately be n e ath a

,

sco rchin g su n by da
y an d a sc arc e ly le ss debilit atin g he at by night u nde r a ,

cl o u dl ess m oon ch oked with the sm o ke of g u np o wde r their t ong u e s p arched

, ,

with thi rst fro m which the re w as little rel i ef an d at l ast with ammu niti o n an d ,

p ro vi si o n s c omplet e ly e xh au sted D u ring th at t ime C ol onel M u llig an w as .

,

s e e n at all p o int s whe re d ange r w as m o st imminent

; an d the re we re deed s o f
c o u rage an d skill pe rfo rmed on the p a1t of the b e sieged th at b afll e the im ag in a
ti o n o f the ro m ance r to conceive At l e ngth attw o o cl o ck in the .
,
’

“ w b
fg
e

zfi
‘ e r’
afte rn oo n o f the 2oth the C o nfe de rate s w h o h ad c o n st ru cted , ,

m ov able b reas tw ork s o f b ale s of hemp tw o deep wetted so as to , ,

re si st h ot s h o t p re ss ed u p to within ten ro d s o f the w ork s al o ng a lin e fo rty

, ,

y ard s in length F u rthe r re s i s t ance w ou ld h ave been m adne ss R et re at w as

. .

imp ossi b le for the fe rry bo at s h ad been seized an d the se being in p o sse ssi o n of
,
-

the C o nfe de rate s ree nforcement s c ou ld n ot reach the g arri so n N o w ate r

,
-
.

c ou ld be h ad excepting th at which c ame fro m the cl ou d s in little sh o we rs ,

an d w as c au ght in bl anket s an d w ru ng into c amp dish e s The stench of .

h rs es a d m u le s kill e d within the int renchment s w as int o le rable

o n
‘
The .

sc ant am o u n t o f artill e ry amm un iti o n w as o f p oo r q u ality an d the fi re arm s

,

of th e Illino i s c av al ry (w h o c o mp o sed o n e s ixth o f M u llig an s c o mm and )

’
-

co ns is ted o f pi st o ls o nl y Maj or Bec ke r of the Eighth Mi ssou ri Ho me G u ard s .

,

o se c o lo nel Wh ite h ad bee n killed

(wh ) n o w fo r the se c o nd t ime an d with
, , , ,

o u t au tho rity raise d a white fl a fro m the cente r o f the fo rtific ati o n s an d the
g , ,

S I EG E o n L E X IN G T O N cea s ed .
’

Co l onel M u l lig an w h o h ad been twice w ou nded n ow c alled a c ou ncil of , ,

o flice rs an d it w as dec ided th at the g arri so n m u st su rrende r

,
Th at ac t .

3
w as pe rform e d The oflic ers we re held as p ri so ne rs o f w ar whil st the p ri
.
,

q
v ate soldie rs for wh o m Price h ad n o foo d to s p are we re p aro led T he vic
, ,
.

to r held al l arm s an d e u ipment s as l aw fu l p rize The N ati on al l oss in men .

‘

h ad bee n fo rty kill e d an d o n e h u nd red an d t w enty w ou nded Pric e re p ort e d ,

.

hi s l oss at twenty fi ve killed an d seventy fi v e w o u n de d C o l on el M u llig an - -

w as soo n exch anged an d for his g all ant se rvice s w as rew ard e d with the ,

1 Th
b t ere we re a o u m ul e s withi n th e i n t n ch m e ts Th ese w re b d n of m u ch w eight
h orse s an d re n . e a ur e ,

un d th ci c m t
er e r u s ances I n th e ce t r f th e e n cam p m e n t wag n s w e e k ck d i t pi ec s st e s w e
n e o o r no e n o e or er

d w as st re we d w ith d ead h rse s a d m ul es —Correspo n de ce of th e

.
, ,

catt d a d d t y d
.

s e re n es o e a d th e g o
r ,
n r un o n n

Chicag T ib o r u n e.

T he H o G
m t h av e be co m e d i sco u rage d a ly i th e si g an d o th e m i g f th 20th
me uard s see o e r n e e, n orn n o e

afte M ulligan h ad epli d t P ice s su mm s t su e d by ay i g If y u w an t s y u m st tak e u s

r r e o r
‘

on o rr n er, s n o 11 ,
o u ,

Maj or Be ck th i c mm a d ai se d a w hite fl ag M u lligan se t th e J ack son G ua d of D t oit Captai n

,

e r, e r o n e r, r n r ,
e r ,

A ft a se v e co te t th at soo afte wa d e s d th e H m G a ds etre at d to

.

McDerm tt to tak e it d wo ,
o n . er re n s n r r n ue ,
o e u r r e

th e i ne li ne f th i n t re n ch m
n r
t s a d ef se d t fight a y l o g
o e Th e B eck agai ai sed th w hit flag
en ,
n r u o n n e r. n er n r e e ,

f r h w as sati sfi d th at
o e sistan ce w as u tte rly v ai
e to w hich co cl si on M ulliga a d h is ofli rs sp ee d ily
re n, n u n n ce

vd
arri e
C l l M l liga Ma h ll Whi t P b d y a d G v a d Maj V H
.

Th ese w ere o one s u d 1 1 8 th n, rs a ,

e, ea o ,
n ro er, n or an orn, an o er

c mm i i
o d ffi c
ss o n e o e rs .

Th p il w 6 m e s o 2m t v
s ta d f i f t y a m a l a g m b f ab
e re n n on , b t 750 or ars, o er s n o n an r r s, r e nu er o s e rs, a ou

h m a y t f cav l y q ip m t w g
orse s, n se s o t m mm iti a d a r w th f c mm i a y t
e u e n s, a o n s, ea s, a un on , n or o o ss r s ores .

—S G “
ee al P ic R p tt G v
e ner J ckr S pt m b 24th 1 86 1 I dd iti
e s
‘
e ort l l thi P ic ai d
o o e rn o r a so n , e e er ,
. n a on o a s, r e s ,

1 bt i d th
o a ne t ati f th g t al f th St t a d th p blic c d w hich h d b
e re s o r on o t l f m th i e re a se o e a e, n e u re or s, a ee n s o e n ro e r

p p
ro c t
er d i d ab
us o t i man y f .w hich
an th b a k t thi pl ac
ou h ad b bb d d w hich I n on e ,
o e n a s e e en ro e , an

h v c d t b t d t it
a e au se o e re u rn e o
”

Th d i l y l St t L gi l t
.

e s o w ith G v
a Jack h d h l d a i i th c t h
a e e
tL
s a u re
m gt . o e rn or son , a e se ss on n e ou r o use a ex on

on ly w k b f tha ee iv l f C l l M llig
e o re Th y fl d h tily th t th y l ft b hi d th m th Stat
e arr a o o on e u an e e so as a e e e n e e e

wi th th m agaz i
.

sea l d an i g ld i d p it d i th v lt f th ba k th
n Th t a
o co n, e os e n e au o e n e re . ese re sures, e n e,

w i th c lla
e re n f th c ll g w hich w a th h ad q
e e r o t f M lliga e o e e, s e e -
uar ers o u n.
 '

CA LLS U P O N F REM O N T FO R T R OO P S .

offe r of c ommi ssi on of a b rig adie r g e n eral the th ank s o f C o ng re ss an d

th e -

, ,

the pl au di t s of th e l o yal p e ople C o ng re ss g ave the T w e n ty thi rd Illin oi s .

-

“ ”
R e giment (which w as n ow c alled M u llig an s B rig ade ) au th ority to we ar ’

on it s c o l o rs the n ame o f L E X I N G T O N M u llig an decli n ed the c ommi ssi on of .

b rig adie r b e c au se he p refe rred to rem ain with h is regim e nt

,
.

Gen eral F rem on t w as ce n su red for h is failing to re enforce the g arri so n at -

L exingt on Th e p u blic knew little of h is emb arrassment s at th at time His

. .

fo rce s we re l arg e ly o ve r e st im ated an d he w as receivin g c all s for help fro m -

,
1

eve ry q u art e r Pre ssing dem an d s for re—e n forcement s c ame from Gene ral
.

Uly sse s S G ran t at Pad u c ah fo r the C onf ede rate s then in p osse ssi on of
C ol u mb u s i n Kent u ck y we re th re at e n ing an i m
.
, , ,

,
med i at e m arch u p o n th at ,

p l ace so as to fl ank an d c apt u re C ai ro Ge n e ral R obe rt A nde rson c om

, .
,

m anding in Kent u cky w as im pl o ri n g him to send t ro op s to sav e L o u i sville ,

from the C on fe de rat e s ; an d a pe rempt ory orde r w as se nt by L ie u t e n ant

“
Gene ral Sc ott to fo r w ard five th ou san d well arm e d inf ant ry to -

S pt 1 4
a

1 861
W e
ashingt o n C i ty
.

with ,
ou t a m o ment s del ay
”
T he re we re at
,
’
.

th at time seventy th ou sand men u nde r Gene ral Mc C l el l an in

.

c amp ne ar the N ati on al C apit al while F re m on t s t ot al force w as onl y ,

’

ab o u t fi f ty six th o u san d men s c atte re d o ve r h is Dep artment an d men aced at

-

, ,

m any p oint s by l arg e b odie s o r by g u e rrill a b and s of armed i n su rgent s He ,

.

h ad on ly ab o u t seven th o u san d men at St L o u i s ; the rem ainde r we re at dis .

t ant p oi nt s When he he ard of M u llig an s arriv al at L exing

" ’

5 S pt 1 8
.

e
’
ton an d of Ge n e ral P rice s m o v e me n t s in th at di recti o n with
. .

c ontin u ally i n c re asi n g st re n gth he did n ot d ou bt th at Gene ral J efi e rson C

'

.
,

D avi s c omm anding ne arly ten th ou san d men at Je ff e rso n C ity an d keeping
, ,

a vigil ant eye u p on the C o nfe de rate le ade r w ou ld give him immedi ate ,

aid He h ad re aso n to b e lieve th at a l arge p orti on of Gene ral Po pe s fiv e ’

.

th ou san d men in N orth e rn Mi ssou ri s ent f or the p u rp ose u nde r Gene ral ,

St u rgi s} w ou ld c o 0 pe rate with the force s of Gene ral L an e on the frontie r of -

K an sas o v e r tw o th ou sand st rong an d th ose of D avi s at Jeffe rso n C ity in

, , ,

giving al l ne e d e d relief to M u llig an S o c o nfident w as he th at Pri ce w ou ld .

3

be d riven fro m L e xi n gt on by the se c ombined force s th at he tel e g raphed to ,

Gene ral D avi s on the 1 8 th di recti n g him to sen d five th ou sand men to the ,

S ou th F ork of L a Mine R ive r in C oope r C o u nty whe re it is c rossed by the , ,

P acific R ailw ay th e re to inte rcept the expected ret re at of the C onfede rate s,

to the O sage R ive r .

In the se re as on able c alc u l ati on s F rem ont w as di sapp o inted Whil st .

e xpecti n g tiding s of su cce ss he re c e ived fro m Pope the sad ‘

,
S pt 22
:
0 e
new s of M u llig an s s u rrende r T h e active an d vigil an t Price
. .
’
.
,

w i th a force of m ore th an t wen ty fi v e th ou san d men h ad b e en en abled -

,

1 F m t f c
re on th t ti m w
’
ti m t d t
s or e inA w k b f th f ll f L
St . L i l ou s a o n e, at a e, as es a e a ee e ore e a o ex

i gt
n Sch yl C lf x R p
o n, tati v i C g f m I d ia vi it d hi m a d g d hi m t d f w d a
u er o a e rese n e n on ress ro n n a, s e ,
n ur e o sen or ar

p t f th t f c t c f t P i c F m t i f m d hi m h w f w w h i t p i St L i th
,

ar o a or e o on ron d th r e. re on n or e o e e re s roo s n . ou s e n , an e

im p t c f all wi g th fal i m p i f th i m b t m i Hi m t
or an e o o n ll w l i d b f C lf x
e se ress o n o e r nu er o re a n . s u s e r- ro as a e ore o a ,

and it h w d th t w ithi a ci c it f
s o v m il
e d th city th w h l m b f t p i cl d i g th
a n r u o se en e s aro un e e o e nu er o roo s, n u n e

D pa t m t at that d t giv th m b
,

H m G d w a l th
o e uar Th ffici l
s, t t th W s e ss an e o a re u rn s o e ar e r en a e es e nu er

i th City f St L
n e i t i cl d i g th H m G d —Sp ch f Sch yl C lf x M ch 7 1 862 cit d by
o . ou s a n u n e o e u ar s ee o u er o a , ar , , e

A bb tt i h i 00 ? Wa i A m i ; 282
o n s 01 r /
n er c a .

M j St gi h d b c mm i i d a b igad i g
a or ur l f h i g ll t vi c atth B attl f Wil
s a een o ss o n e r er -
en era or s a an ser e e e o son s
‘

G k
r ee th l o h f A g
on t e t o u u
, s .

G 3 l P p t l g ph d t G
en e ra l F m t th 1 6th ayi g : “T h t p I t t L xi gt w ill
o e e e ra e o en era re on on e , s n e roo s se n o e n on

b th
e th d y f t
e re t m w [ th d y w h th
e a lt M lliga c m m c d] d c i t f tw f ll
a er o- orro e a en e assau on u n o en e ,
an on s s o o u
 FREM O N T S F ORCES IN MO T I O N ’
.
71

to b e at b ack re e n fo rc e m en t s for th e g arri son an d to keep th e way O p en for

-

re c ru it s for h is o w n arm y I n thi s w o rk a se v e re fight o cc u rre d at Bl u e l

.

h
Mill s on t e Mi sso i thi rty m il e s ab ov e L e xi n gt on on th e 1 7th
u r
“ l
, ,
S p t 1 861 , ,
0 e
in w hich th e i n su rg en t s c om m an d e d by G e n e ral D avid R At e h
, .

, .

’
i n so n w e re vict ori ou s ; an d o n th e 1 9 th G en eral St u rgi s w ith a l arg e b o dy
, , ,

o f c av al ry app eare d Opp o sit e L e xi n gt on b u t fi n di n g n o b oat s for t ran sp ort a

, ,

ti on an d b e i n g c on fron t e d by tw o th ou san d m en u n d e r G en eral Parson s h e

, ,

w as c om p e ll e d to m ak e a h asty re t re at n o rth w ard .

T h e fall of L e xi n gton w as a di sc o u ragi n g bl o w to th e U n i on c au se in

Mi ssou ri F rem on t w as vi ol e n tly assail e d w ith ch arg e s of i n c ap acity e x trava
.
,

g an c e in e xp e n dit u re an d a sc ore of fau lt s c alc u l at e d to w e ak en h is h old

,

u p o n th e c o n fid e n c e o f th e p eo pl e an d th e t roop s in h is D ep art m e n t The , .

di sast ers at Wil son s C ree k an d L e xi n gt on w e re att rib u t e d to h is rem i ssn ess
’

in fo r w ardi n g re e n forc e m en t s ; an d h e p erc e iv e d th e n e c e ssity f or p ro m pt

-

acti on in th e w ay o f re p ai ri n g h is d am ag e d ch aract er I n a b ri e f e l e ct ro .

g raph to th e Adj u t an t G en eral on th e 23d an n o u n c in g th e fall 6

” -

S pt m b ,
e e e r.
o f L e xi n gt on h e said he w as re ady to t ak e th e fi e ld him se lf
, ,

w ith a h o p e o f sp ee dily d e st ro yin g th e e n em y b e fore Mc C u l l och w h o w as , ,

-

g ath e ri n g st re n g th in A rk an sas to re t u rn to Mi ssou ri sh ou ld rej oi n Pric e , .

B eli e vi n g th e l att er w ou ld foll o w u p h is su cc e ss at L e xi n g to n an d m arch in ,

th e di re cti o n o f J e ff e rso n City o r e st abli sh hi m se lf som e w h e re o n th e Mi ssour i

R iv e r h e i m m ed i at e ly pe p are d to p ro c ee d w ith a l arg e forc e in th e di re cti on
,

o f th e i n su rg e n t s O n th e 2 7th of S e pt e m b er h e p u t in m oti o n an arm y of

.

m o re th an t w e n ty th ou san d m e n of w h om n e arly fi v e th ou san d w ere ,

c av al ry arran g e d in fi v e div i si on s u n d e r th e re sp e ctiv e c om m an d s of

,

G e n e ral s D avid Hu n t er J oh n Pop e F ran z Sig e l J A McKin stry an d H , , ,

. .
,
.

A sb oth an d acc om p an i e d by e ighty six pi e c e s o f artill e ry m an y of th em

,
-

rifl e d c an n o n Whil e thi s fo rm id able forc e is m ovi n g forw ard c au ti ou sly

.
,

l e t u s o b se rv e th e c ou rse of e v e n t s on th e b o rd ers of th e Mi ssi ssippi an d in ,

K e n t u cky b e ari n g u p on th e fortu n e s of w ar in F rem on t s D ep art m e n t

,
’
.

D u ri n g th e fe w w e ek s p re c e din g th e fall o f L e xi n gt on G en eral Pill ow as , ,

w e h av e se en h ad b e e n m aki n g g reat e ff o rt s to se c u re th e p osse ssi on of

,

C ai ro by m ilit ary o p e rati on s in Mi ssou ri I n thi s e ff ort as h e all e g e d h e .

, ,

h ad b ee n th w art e d by a l ack of h e arty co op e rati on o n th e p art of G e n e ral s -

Polk an d Hard ee an d h e n o w t u rn e d h is att en ti on to a pl an w hich h e h ad

,
3

p rop ose d at an e arly day in w hich it is p rob abl e h e h ad th e activ e sym p athi e s,
'

o f th e di sl o y al G o v e rn or of K e n t u cky n am e ly th e o cc u p ati on an d in tren eh , ,

in g of C o l u m b u s in K e n t u cky from w hich h e b e li e v e d h e c o u ld fl an k t

,
he ,

p osi ti on at C ai ro t ak e it in re v e rse an d t u rn i n g its g u n s u p on Bi rd s Poi n t

, , ,
’
,

d riv e o ut an d di sp e rse its forc e So e arly as th e 1 3th of M ay h e .

4
,
c

h ad ask e d th e c on se n t of G o v e rn or Magoflin to t ak e p o ssessi o n of

an d fortify C o l u m b u s ; an d in re p orti n g th e fact to h is S e c re t ary o f War ,

regi m t f i f t y f pi c f a till y d 1 50 g l h
en s o n an r , o ur Th ew ith tw
es oOhi gi m t w hich
r er ,
an re u ar o rs e. ese , o o re e n s,

w ill ach th
re Th d y [ 1 9 th ] w ill m k a
e re o n f cm t f
u rs a m df pi c f till y
, a e re - e n or e en o en an o ur e es o ar er .
”

M ti G
1 ar l d y m ti d ( p g
n ree n , a re a wa t b t th t ti m p ti g cc f lly i N th
en on e se e a e s a a ou a e o e ra n su e ss u n or

a t
e s e rnMi i w ith 3 000 m
sso ur Th y w fi t lly b
,
k p by G al P p en . e e re e ec u a ro en u e n er o e

A tchi
2 w at ti m m m b f th U i t d Stat S t d w c pic
n so n as on e e a a al ed f th er o e n e es e n a e , an as on s u ou s s e a er o e

Mi i call d “B d R ffi
ssour an s e wh pl y d a p m i t p t i th p liti f K
or er u a f w y a
an s,
” b o a e ro nen ar n e o cs o an sas e e rs e

fore .

3 Au t g ph l tt
o ra e er o r G e n e ra l P ill ow to L . P p Walk
o e e r, Sc t y e re ar of Wa r,
"
S pte . 0, 1 861 .

Au t g ph l tt
o ra e er o f G en er al Pill ow to L . Pop Walk
e er, S pt 1 1 861
e .
,
.
 MILITARY AFFAIRS IN K EN T UC K Y .

he xhibit e d h is c on t e m pt for th e n eu t rality of K e n t u cky by sayi n g : If h e

e ,

M
( g a oflin
) sh ou ld w ithh old h is c on se n t m y p re sen t i m p re ssi on is th at I ,

sh all o forw ard an d o cc u py th e p o siti on u p on th e g rou n d of its n e c e ssity

g ,
”
to p rot e ct T e n n e ssee T h e acti o n of th e p eopl e an d th e L e gi sl at u re of
.
1

K en t u cky m ad e Mag offi n v e ry circ u m sp e ct At th e e l e cti on in J u n e for .

,

m e m b ers of C on g re ss th e re app e are d a U n i on m aj ority of ov er fi fty fi ve ,

-

th ou san d an d th e G ov ern or saw n o oth e r w ay to aid h is sou th e rn fri en d s

,

th an by i n si sti n g u p on th e st rict n eu t rality of h is St at e in ou t w ard form in ,

w hich its p olitici an s h ad pl ac e d it He h ad sen t B u ck n er to c on .

a J 1 0 fer w ith G en eral Mc C lell an th en in c om m an d at Ci n ci n n ati on

un e
( )
, " ’

1 861 .

th e su bj e ct w h o re p ort e d th at h e h ad c o n su m m ate d an ag ree m e n t

,

o ffi ci ally w ith th at oflic e r fo r a th o ro u gh su pp o rt of th at n eu t rality He,

.

d ecl are d th at Mc C l ell an agree d th at h is G o v e rn m en t sh ou ld re sp e ct it e v en ,

th ou gh C on fe d erat e t roop s sh ou ld en t er th e St at e u n til it sh ou ld b e see n ,

th at K en t u cky forc e s c ou ld n ot e xp e l th e m ; an d th e n b efore t roop s sh ou ld ,

b e m arch e d i nt o its b ord ers ti m e ly n otic e of su ch i n t e n d e d m ov em e n t sh ou ld ,

b e giv e n to th e G ov ern or ; al so th at in c ase Un it e d St at es t roop s w e re c o m , ,

e l l e d to e n t e r K e n t u cky to e xp e l C o n fe d e rat e t roo p s th e m o m en t th at w ork

p ,

sh ou ld b e acc om pli sh e d th e N ati on al forc es sh o u ld b e w ithd raw n M c C l ell an .

p rom ptly d e n i e d e v e r m aki n g an y su ch ag reem e n t w ith B u ckn e r Y et .

$
1

Magoflin i n si st e d u p on acti n g as if su ch an ag re em en t h ad b een act u ally

en t e re d i n t o by th e N ati on al G o v e rn m e n t ; an d G o v e rn or Harri s of T e n n e s ,

see to w h om B u ck n er w as di re ct e d by Magoflin to m ak e an o ral re p ort of

,

h is c on fere n c e w ith Mc C l ell an d e t erm i n e d to aid K e n t u cky in p rese rvi n g ,

.

th at n eu t rality b e c au se it p rom i se d h is ow n St at e th e be st p rot e c ti on ag ai n st

,
3
th e p o w e r of th e G o v e rn m e n t t roo p s .

Whil e Magofiin en d e av ore d to en forc e n eu t rali ty as agai n st N ati on al

t roop s h e see m s to h av e giv en e v e ry e n c ou rage m e n t to th e se c essi on i st s th at
,

c om m on p ru d en c e w ou ld all ow T h e y w e re p e rm itt e d to form th e m se lv e s .

i n t o m ilit ary org an iz ati on s an d en t e r th e servic e of T en n e sse e or of th e C on

fed e rat e St at e s an d re c ru iti n g for th e l att e r w e n t on op en ly T h e Un i on i st s .

so on foll o w e d th e e x am pl e an d
“ C am p J oe Holt w as e st abli sh e d n ear
”
,

L ou i svill e at an early day as a m ilit ary ren d e zv ou s for l o y al citiz en s T hi s

, ,
.

w as chi e fly th e w ork of L o v e ll H R ou sse au a l oy al St at e S e n at or w h o .

, ,

w h en h e l e ft th e h all of l e gi sl ati on p re p are d for th e i n e vit abl e c o n flict fo r ,

th e N ati on al life At ab ou t th e sam e ti m e Willi am N e l son an oth er l oy al

.
, ,

1 t g ph l tt f G
Au o ra l P ill w t L P p W lk
e er o M y 1 5 1 861 H
e n e ra pp al d t W lk f o m o . o e a e r, a , . e a e e o a er or ar s,

a d p
n m i d h im if h
ro se h l d c m ply w ith h i q t th t h w l d h v
,
e s ou f th b t fi hti g m
o i th s re ues ,
a e ou a e o e es g n en n e

w l d i th fi l d i t w ty d y I f w c t g t m h i d “i t i idl t i d lg th h p f cc f lly ”
or n e e n en a s . e an n o e ar s, e sa ,
s e o n u e e o e o su e ss u

i ti g th b d i f N th b b i
re s s n e o es o f ty t w h h t m pl d th C tit ti
or ern d hi f t Th
ar ar an s o a ran o as ra e e on s u on u n er s ee .
”
e

M y f C l m b B W Sh p
a or o o u m t h av b
u s, i c m plicity w ith Pill w i h i d ig
. . ar e, see f i v di gs o e ee n n o o n s es ns or n a n

K t cky O th fi t f J
en u . h i f m d h im by l tt
n e rs th t th citiz th w p p a i g t m t
o une e n or e e e r, a e ens ere ere re r n o ou n .

h vy g
ea d t c ll ct m ilit y t
u n s an o s o e ar s ore .

L tt
2 t C pt i Wil
e er of th U it d S tat Navy J
a a n 26 son , o e n e es ,
un e ,

A t g ph l tt
3 u o ra fI h m G H e i t G l Pill w J 1 3 1 861
er o s a . arr s o e n e ra o , u ne , .

Ma y y g m j i d th T
4 n o un t p d P ill w a d w ith h i m y w t f d t th
en o ne e e n n e ssee roo s un er o ,
n s ar e re ran s e rre o e

C fd t
on e vic 8
era e se r ly a th m i dd l f M y g iz ti f th p p h ad b c m m c d i
e . 0 e ar s e e o a ,
or an a on s or e ur ose e en o en e n

K t cky O th 1 7th f th at m th Willi m P t J h t a

en u . n e o f G l A Si d y J h t
on , f th a re s o n o n s on , son o e n e ra . ne o n s on, o e

C f d at A m y i a l tt t G v
on e er e r H i f m L i vill
,
n e i d : “M y g tl m im pati t f th
er o o ern or arr s, ro ou s e , sa an en e e n, en o e

p iti f K t ck a d d i
os on o en u f j i i g th S y th c
,
n h v g d m t g iz
e s ro u s o im t t
o n n e ou ern au se , a e ur e e o or an e a reg en , or a

l a t a b tt li f th t p p
e s a a on , H ff
or d ch gi m t b ttali t G v
a u r ose .
"
H i c t i c di
e o e re su re en or a on o o ern or arr s, on er a n on

ti d
on s, an gg t d th f m ati f a c m p f K t cky v l t
su es e e or t Cl k vill
on o G all ti i T a or en u o un ee rs, a ar e s e or a n, n e n n e ssee .

T hi w a
s f m y ff
s on e o f th ki d c iv d f m K t cky by G v
an o ers o H i e n re e e ro en u o e rn or arr s .
 N EUTRALIT Y O F KEN T U C K Y .
73

K en t u cki an est abli sh e d a sim il ar ren d e zv ou s in G arrard C o u n ty in Eastern

, ,
“
Ken t u cky c all e d C am p D ick R ob in son B oth o f th e se m en w ere after .
,

w ard m aj or g en e ral s in th e N a -

tion al Vo l u n t ee r servic e Th e .

G ov e rn m en t en c ou rag e d th e se
Un i on m o v e m en t s All Ken .

t u cky w ithin a h un dre d m il e s

,

so u th o f th e O hi o Riv e r h ad b ee n ,

m ad e a m ilit ary d ep art m e n t ,

at th e h e ad of w hich w as pl ac e d

R obe rt An d erson th e h e ro of ,

F ort Su m t er w h o on th e 1 4th of , ,

May h ad b een c om m i ssi on e d a

,

b rig adi e r g en eral of V ol un t e ers

-

HE A Q U E C CK B N
.

Wh en Un ion c am p s w e re S MP O SO D A RT R AT A DI R IN .

form e d in K e n t ucky Magoflin b e c am e c on ce rn e d ab ou t th e vi ol at e d n e u t rali ty

,
“
of h is St at e ,an d h e fin ally w ro t e to th e Presid e n t by th e h an d s ,

of a c om m itt e e u rgi n g h im to re m o v e from th e li m i ts o f K e n

,

t u cky th e forc e s o rg an iz e d in c am p s an d m u st ere d in t o th e

N ati on al se rvic e T h e Presid en t n ot on ly refu se d c om pli an c e w ith h is
.

‘
5
re q u est b u t g av e h im a re b u k e so se v e re th ath e did n ot v e n t u re
, 6A
g 24 u . .

’
to re p e at his w i sh e s A si m il ar l et ter w as sen t by th e G o v e rn or
.

to J eff erson D avi s soften e d w ith Magoflin s a ssu ran c e th at h e h ad n o b e li e f

’
,

th at th e C on fe d erat es w ou ld thi n k of vi o l ati n g th e n e u t rality of K en t u cky .

D avi s th u s m ad e app are n tly u n m i n dfu l of th e fact th at h is C on

,
” A g 7 0 u
g ress at Rich m on d h ad au th oriz e d en li st m en t s for th e C on fe d .
c .

e tate armi es in K e n t u cky ; th at his offic e rs w e re o rg an izi n g b an d s of V o l u m

'

t eers on its so il an d th at al ready T e n n e sse e t roop s in h is e m pl oy h ad i n v aded

,

th e St at e an d c arri e d aw ay six c an n on an d a th ou san d st an d of arm s re pli e d

, ,
“
th at h is g ov e rn m en t h ad sc ru p u l ou sly re sp e c te d th e n e u t rality of Ke n
”

“
t u cky an d w ou ld as sc ru p u l ou sly m ai n t ain th at resp e ct so l on g as h er
,
”
p eopl e w ill m ain t ain it th e m se lv e s .

T h e l oy al L e gi sl at u re of K en t u cky asse m bl e d at F ran kfort on th e 2d of

Se pt em b e r I ts acti on w as fe are d by th e c on spirat ors ; an d u n d e r th e p re
.
9

t e xt of an e xp e ct ati on th at N ati on al t roop s w e re ab ou t to i n v ad e th e St at e ,

G en eral Polk w ith th e san cti on of D avi s an d G ov e rn or Harri s o f T en n essee

, , , ,

an d th e fu ll kn o w l e dg e it is b e li e v e d of G o v e rn o r Ma oflin p ro c e e d e d to
g , , ,

c arry ou t G en eral Pill ow s fav orit e pl an of sc orn i n g K e n t u cky s n e u trali ty ’ ’

,

an d se izi n g C o l u m b u s O n th e 3oth of A u g u st P olk t e l e g raph e d to Pill o w

.
, ,

sayi n g :
“ I sh all m y se lf b e at N e w M ad rid to— m orro w to arran g e for th e
fu t u re ; an d on th e 3d of S e pt em b er D e R u sse y Po lk s aid de c am p t e l e , ,
’ - -
,
“
g raph e d to th e sam e offi c e r th at th e g en eral c om m an din g d et erm i n e s w i th -

, ,

t roop s n ow at Un i on City to fall at on c e u p on C ol u m b u s an d di re ct e d Pil l o w

,

l The i d t ai d th t t ki g al l m
P res en w ithi
s hi ach f f m i g a j d gm t h d i d t b li v
a , a n ean s n s re or or n u en ,
e no e e e

it w th p p l w i h f K t cky th t th U i t p h l d b
as
“
m vd d a :
“
dd d It i with g t I e an e s re re
e o u ar s o en u a e n on ro o s s ou e re o ,

a ch a d c
se r ,
ntfi d i an n o t v y h t l tt n a y d cl
,
ti i ti m ti th t y
n y our n o t tai y d i
er s or e e r, n e ara on or n a on a ou en er n an es re

f
or th p e v ti f th F d l U i
re se r a on o
“ e e e ra n on .

I th S at w
2
n e 27 U i
en a d 11 S c
e i m mb
e re d i th L w Hn on 76 U i n a d 24 S c i e e ss o n e e rs, an n e o er ouse n on n e e ss on

p
re re se ntativ es .
 IN VAS I O N O F K EN T U C KY .

to t ak e h is w h o l e
c om m an d i mm e di at ely to I sl an d N o 1 0 T hi s w as d on e . .
,
“
an d o n th e 4th P o lk se iz e d Hickm an an d C o l u m b u s an d c om
S p t 1 861
0 e , .
,

m en ce d th e e re cti on of b at te ri e s on th e bl u ff n e ar th e l att e r
pl ace He i m m e di at e ly t e l e g raph e d th e fact to D avi s at R ich m on d an d to
.
1
, ,

T II E B U FF L , AN D P O KS B
L
’
RAD - QU A RT E S N E C O U B US
R , AR L M .

G o v ern or Harri s ,
at N ashvill e .
’
T hen foll ow e d som e t ran sp aren t chican e ry

ick ma C ty ab t t w ty m il b l w th m th f th O hi R iv
Cl o um b us is in H n ou n ,
ou en es e o e ou o e o er.

O th am d y G al P lk i
n d p cl m ati i w hich h gav a a a f h i vi lati f th
e s e a en er o ssue a ro a on , n e e s re son or s o on o o
t lity f K t cky th t th N ti al G v m t h ad d
n e u ra o en uby tabli hi g cam p d p t f it a m i
. a e a on o e rn en on e so es s n e o s or s r es,

by g izi g m ilit y c m p i w ithi it t t y d by m ki g vi d t p pa ati

o r an n ar th Mi u i h
o an e s n s e rri o r ,
an a n e en re r on s, on e sso r s ore
of th Mi i ippi fe th iz f C l mb
ss ss It w th f “a m ilit y c ity f th d f
,
or f th
e se ure o o u us . as, ere o re , ar n e e ss ,
or e e en se o e

t it y f th C f d t St t s th t a C f d t f c h l d cc py C l m b i ad v c
e rr or o e on e era e a e , a on e era e or e s ou o u o u us n an e .
”

Wh G l F m t h d f thi m v m t h w t p i v t l tt t th P i d t d t d th 8th f
en e n era re on ear o s o e en ,
e ro e a r a e e er o e res en , a e e o

S pt m b i w hich h t f th pl f xp lli g th C f d t f m K t cky d T

e e e r, n e se Th or a an or e e n e on e e ra e s ro en u an e n n e sse e )
"
e

P i d t g d it i m m d i t ad pti b twa v
re s en ur e l d by h i c ll sE xp t ay th t h d F m t
e a e o on , u s o err u e s o u n se ors . er s s ,
a a re on
‘
s

pl a b p m ptly act d p th w th t l g d l at d K t cky a d T

n een ro m ight h av b
e av td
u on , e ar a so on eso e en u n e n n esse e e ee n er e .

Th e fol l o w in g is a cop y o f F re m on t l tt
’
s e er
Hn A D -Q u u rr n x s Wm nn n D ar a n r u n u r, '
S t
e p e m be r 8, 1 861 .

To ti e P reside nt
M Y Du n n S i n z— I sen d, by an o th er h an d, w ha I t ask i
y ou to cons der in resp e c to th e subjec of th e n o e b y y our spec a m m t t t il n
ger .

I n th g I desire to ask y our t K t a t e n tion to th e p osi ion

t v i vdd of aff airs in en u c ky As th e re b e l tro op s, dri e n ou t of M issou ri, h ad n a e
C i y Hi km d C l mb P d h dC
.

K t e n uck y in c o n sui erab l e f orce

db, p i gU i an yp p i g
oc cu y n n on I j dg d t ,
c an ,
an o u us, w ere re ar n to se ize a u ca an airo, u e

it i mp i l os s h t l g im p t d g d f y l g f d m v m
b e, w it ou osin o rtan F hi p p
a v an t
a h v d es , to f m h e er an on er n o rw ar o e en t or t s ur ose I a e raw n ro t e
t d B P t C i dC p G d F t H lt d P h f wh i h pl
.

M id p t f h f
’
issou ri s e a ar o t e orc e sta io n e at i rd s o in ,
a ro, an a e i rar e au , to or o an ad uca ,
o c aces w e
h ave t
a k p en A h b l f
ossession . t m sd ht e re e f K k t h M
o rc es ou n u
pp i d T b er Riou rs, an t e c oun tie s o en tuc y , b e w ee n t e ississ i an e n n essee v ers as
th l g h C m l d t gly S i i b m im p m i l
,

we ll as ose a o n t e u ber an are s ronh v h ~p f h U i

ec e ss o u is t f t ec o es c tve y n ec e ssary to a e t e co o e ratio n o t e n on orces

d G th l dy m p d p p it L i l d C l l R
, ,

un er l A d
e n era s d nll erson a n N e l so n , as w e as Ih v ose a reaf d y e n ca e o os e ou s v nl e, u n er o on e ous se au a e re-c n orc e

G l Smi h wh
.
, es

t d y P d h th
or a ,
a g m
uca t d il l i
wi tw o re
g h ih p iti enih ms, a n d il lw A c on t n u e t
o s tren t en t e os on w t en an art e ry . s soo n as e n e ra t , o

co mm d h an i s f t d ffi i tl y f
e re, h m
s te -e n orcop d hi f h il l h v
su k
c en d h ld M yfi ld or d L i l to il l
s reab i s orc es, e w a e to ta e an o a e an o v e ac e v o, to
k f C l mb d C m
e n

h
t e re ar an dfl d
an p y S m ith l
o o u lli g
us, an y b h h T to oc c u l dR A an d, con tro
h m n in its w i ot t e e n n essee a n u ber an iv e rs tt e sa

tm C l lR
. e

i e o on e h ld b i g h i f i
o ussea u s d if p ou ibl b O hi
r n gim i b t
s orce, H d d
n crease ki g th H oss e, y tw o o re e n ts, n oa s , to en e rso n , an ta n

vil l R l d py H pki v ll h il G l N l h ld g i h f
, e en

d e rson d N an as h e a roa occ u of by ns il i d L i il l

e, w c e n e ra e so n s ou o, w t a orc e o ra roa to ou s v

an df m h ro B li G A h p p l t i ll
t ere to ow ng ree n .
,

t hfl h hi h h b s t il
e d p
o u a l l th i m m
io n n a th e co u n ies t iu g w c t e a ov e ra roa s ass are o
ya s o ve en t
e,

h l G l G t l d t k p i f h i C i d F lt
,

c ou l b m d w ith
d e d l y
a e m l h
ou t p M
e a or a tion
o est to t e troo s ean w i e, e n e ra ran w ou a e ossess on o t e e n t re a ro an u on
m d C l mb
.

R il d P k
a roa N M d id
i et d h
o n, h f h Mi
ew pp i pp
a r Hi km an t e s Th f g i g
o re o
p t ei h mg ss issi o os ite c an i o u us e ore o n d is osi t o n av be en
Clm d N l
, ,

f t d m bi d t k W ll ll m i
ih d q f
e ec e ,
a co m d ne a tac if if l i h bep Hi km
a e on h il R o u b us , an d , s u cc es s u n t at, u on c an ,
w e ouss eau an e son wi ov e n

co n cer t by l d N h vill
,
rai roa p i h St
,
to pi l
as d e, N
oc c u )vid ng h
t e l i f th i mate c a ta ,
an , t a e u ate orc e , ew Pro e n c e.
'
l e con c us o n o s ov e

m t ld b mb d v t d M m ph
en w ou e n co in e h M ad pp ll
an c e h O hio w ar d M mp h s R il e d d I t
is, o n h t e ississ i i as we as t e o an e is a roa an rust t e

l tt f m G l S h m b h h d f J g Will i m i l ti
, ,

res u lt w db gl oul he a y I pl y
orio us on e to t e coun tr . n a re to a e er ro e n era er an , y t e an o ud e a s, n re a on to
h
t e v as t imp f i gp
ortan ce oi i d f h
se cu r n t y lyi b t h Oh
o ssess on , T d M i ip p i I h
n a v an c e , o d y t e co un r ng e w een t e io, e n n essee , an iss ss , av e to - a

su gg t d h fi t p t f h p l
es e t e Byrs t d g m y mm
ar o t I di
e T an . d K ky y
ex e n ld bl m
in tt m p
co an d to n an a, e n n essee , an en tu c , ou w ou en a e e to a e t
th mp l i h m t f th
e acco ll m p t t
s en l o i d is a h i y or yan i re su I h ll t, an d t d th mm n or e r to secu re t e secre c n ecessar to t
s suc c ess , s a n ot ex en e co un i

G l Sh m
-

i
cat on I h v m d a e a e t
o p yen era l er an , or re eat it to an o n e e se.

Wi h h igh p t d g d I m y t ly y t res e c an re ar a v er ru ou rs,

,

JC . . I’ a n u on r '
.
 LO Y ALT Y or T HE KE N T U CK Y LEGISLAT URE .
75

on th e c on sp irat ors to d e c e iv e th e p eopl e an d d e fen d C onf e de rat e

p art of th e ,

h on or Walk e r th e Se c ret ary of War ord ere d P olk to w ithd raw h is

.
“ ”
, ,

t roop s from K e n t u cky w hil e D avi s h is su p eri or t el eg raph e d to th e sam e , , ,

” 1
offi c e r in app ro v al o f h is m o v e m en t T h e n e c essity j u sti fi es th e act .

Wh e n th e au th oriti es of K e n tu cky de m an d e d from G o v ern or Harri s of T en ‘

n e sse e an e xpl an ati on of th e m o v e m en t th at fu n cti o n ary re pli e d w i th th e

, ,

fal se asserti on th at it h ad b ee n d on e w ith o u t h is kn ow l e dg e o r c on sen t

“an d I am c on fid en t ” h e said “w i th ou t th e c on sen t of th e Pre sid en t .
, ,
”
h av e t e l e graph e d Pre side n t D avi s h e ,
“
c on ti n u e d requ est in g th ei r i mm e di at e
,
”
w ithd raw al .

O n th e day afte r Po lk i n v ade d Ken

tu cky on th e w e st an d G e n e ral F e lix ,

K Z ol l icofi e r form e rly a m em b er of

'

.
,

C on g re ss w ith a c on sid erabl e forc e h ad

,

p asse d from East T en n e ssee th rou gh ,

th e C u m b e rl an d M ou n t ai n s an d e n t ere d ,

th e St at e on its e ast ern b ord e r Magoflin ,

l aid a m e ssag e b e fore th e L egi sl at u re ,

in w hich h e m ad e sp e ci al c om pl ai n t of
Un i on m ilit ary org an izati on s w ithi n th e
St at e an d ask e d for th e p assag e of a
,

law for m ai n t ai n i n g fo r th e C om m on
w ealth an arm e d n e u t rality ; al so to FE K LI X . ZO L LI C O FF EL

re q u e st th e N ati o n al G o v e rn m e n t to

o rd e r th e i m m e di at e di sb an di n g o f su ch o rg an iz ati on s Th e L egi sl at u re .

re sp on d e d by di re cti n g th e G o v e rn or to ord e r by p ro cl am ati on all th e C on , ,

fe d e rat e t roop s w ithin th e St at e to l e av e it i m m edi at e ly A n att em pt to .

h av e th e Un i on t roop s i n cl u d e d in th e ord er w as p rom ptly v ot e d d ow n .

T h e L e gi sl at u re did m ore T h e y p asse d a se ri e s of re so l u ti on s by an o v er .

,

w h e l m i n g v ot e d e cl ari n g th at th e p e ac e an d n e u t rali ty of K en t u cky h ad

’
,

b een w an t on ly vi ol at e d its so il i n v ad e d an d th e righ ts of its citiz en s grossly , ,

“
i n ju re d by th e se c all e d S ou th e rn forc es ; an d th e re fore by sp e ci al ac t
-

, , ,

th e G o v e rn or w as re q u est e d to c all o u t th e m ilit ary forc e of th e St at e

“ to ,
”
e xp e l an d d riv e o u t th e i n v ad ers It w as fu rth er 1 e sol v e d th at th e N ati on al .

G o v e rn m en t sh o u ld b e ask e d for aid an d assi st an c e in th at b u si n e ss ; th at

“
G en eral An d erson b e re qu est e d to e n te r i m m e di at e ly u pon th e di sch arge of
”
h is d u ti es in th at m ilit ary di st ri ct an d th at th e y app e al e d to th e p eopl e ,
“
to assi st in e xp e lli n g an d d rivi n g o u t th e l aw l e ss in v ade i s o f th e so il
”
.

hi w d i d by m f th p ti
1 T s as f D vi
en e I h v b f som a a t g ph l tt
e o w itt by Na h
e ar san s o a s . a e e ore e n u o ra e e r, r en s

H B t t G v
. ur Ha i d t d at N hvill S pt m b 6 1 861 i w hich h
o o ern or rr s,
“
ay : T h
a ef ll w i g d i p tch as e, e e er n e s s e o o n s a

c iv d thi m i g d t d U i City 1 2 M S pt 5
, .

is re e e s o rn n ,
d i ct d t G v
a e H i n on ,
P . e .
,
re e o o ern o r arr s

O l t v i g I h ad th h
n as ef t l g phi g t y
en n th c ity I h d b d f izi g th t w
e on or o e e ra n o ou e n e e ss a e en un e r, o se n e o n

o f C l mb o ui ad v c f th us m y w h h d al
n d y tak al l th p p at y m
an e o t d
e en e O thi ,
o a re a en e re ar or easu re s o o so . n s

e v i g I c iv d f m h i h
en n re e th S c t y f Wa a
e ro d t w ith d aw th t p f m K t cky :b t
s on or e e re ar o r, n or e r o r e ro o s ro en u u

w hil i i g th app p i at d t th t ff ct h d th g tific ti t c iv f m th P i d t th f ll w

e ssu n e ro r e or ers o a e e a e ra a on o re e e ro e re s en e o o

i g d i p tch viz : G E N E P O K U i City—Y

,

n s a t l g m c iv d T h
R AL y m tj tify th a t
it L n on ou r e e ra re e e e n ec ess us us e c .

Sig d J EFFE SO N D a v
,
. .
,
’
ne R is
PO K M j G
, .

L m al n on as L ,
a or» en er .

G al P lk t a d i p atch t G v
en e r o Mag fii a
se n ci g t h im th t m ilit y c ity h d m
s o o e rn or o n, n n ou n n o a ar n e e ss a co

pall d h im t tak p
e i f C l m b a d th t i p ti g t D avi h i ply w a “th c ity j tifi d
o e osse ss on o o u us, n a ,
n re or n o s, s re s, e n e ess us e

th acti T h t d i p tch i b f
”
e on . m a s a s e o re e
.

I th H7 n63 t 26 ; a d i th S
e t 26 t S
o u se , o n n e en a e, o .
 EN D O F K EN T U C K Y N EU TRALI TY .

Magoflin v et oe d th e s e l ti on s an d th e y w ere p rom ptly p asse d o v e r

re so u ,

h is n egativ e by a l arg e m aj or ity I n th e m e an tim e th e in v asi on of Ke n

‘
'

.
,

t u cky by T en n essee t roop s h ad b rou ght in a N ati on al forc e u n d er M aj or ,

G en eral Ul y sses S G ran t th en in c om m an d of th e di st rict arou n d

.
,
“
3n
5
C airo He too k m i l it ary p o sse ssi o n o f Pad u c ah
. atth e m ou th of th e ,

T e n n e ssee Riv e r w h e re h e fo u n d S e c e ssi on fl ag s flyin g in diff ere n t

,

p arts of th e t ow n in e xp e ct ati on of th e arriv al of a C on fe d erat e arm y n e arly ,

fou r th ou san d st ron g rep ort e d to b e w ithi n sixt e en m il e s of th at pl ac e He

,
.

se iz e d p ro p e rty th e re p rep are d for th e C on fe d erat e s an d h e i ssu e d a roc l a

p ,

m ati on d e cl ari n g th at h e h ad c om e so l e ly for th e p u rp ose of d e fe n di n g th e

St at e from th e agg re ssi on of re b e l s an d to p rot e ct th e righ ts of all citiz en s , ,

p rom i si n g th at w h e n it sh ou ld b e m an ifest th at th e y w e re abl e to m ai n t ain

th e au th ority o f th e G o v e rn m e n t th e m se lv e s h e sh ou ld w i th draw th e forc es ,

u n d e r h is co m m an d

T h u s e n d e d th e n e u t ral ity of K e n t u cky in w hich its p o litici an s h ad

'

,
’
u n fort u n at e ly pl ace d it T h at n e u t rality h ad su pp resse d th e p ractic al l oy
.

alty o f th e St at e giv e n fre e d o m to th e g ro w th o f its Opp o sit e an d all o w e d

, ,

C on fed e rat e t roop s to m ak e su ch a l odg m e n t on its so il th at la rg e N ati on al ,

armie s w ere re q u ire d to o ppo se th e m an d w ar in its m ost h orrid asp e ct s ,

fill ed all its b ord e rs w ith m i se ry Bu t for th at n e u t rality T e n n essee W h ose

.
, ,

d i sl o y al au th oriti e s h ad e sp o u se d th e C o n fe d e rat e c au se w ou ld p rob ably ,

h av e b ee n th e fron ti er b attl e g rou n d an d th e bl oo d an d t re asure of K en t u ck y

-
, ,

so l arg e ly sp en t in th e w ar w o u ld h av e b e e n sp are d ,
T oo l at e to av o id .

th e p e n al ti e s o f re m i ssn e ss in d u ty K e n t u cky fi v e m o n th s aft e r th e w ar w as

, ,

b eg u n in Ch arl est on h arb or t oo k a p ositiv e st an d fo r th e U n i on

,
.

En c o u ra g e d by th e n e w attit u d e of K e n t u cky th e N ati o n al G o v ern m e n t ,

d et erm in e d to t ak e vig orou s m e asu re s fo r se c u ri n g its l oy alty ag ai n st th e

Wil es of dan g e ro u s m en
'

E x G o v e rn o r M ore h ead w h o w as re p ort e d to

.
-
,

b e an activ e t rait or to h is c ou n t ry ,
,

w as arrest e d at h is resid e n c e n e ar ,

L ou i svil l e an d se n t as a St at e p rison e r ,

to F o rt L afay e tt e at th e e n t ra n c e to ,

th e h arb or o f N e w Y o rk O th ers o f .

l ike sym pathi es t ook th e al arm an d

fl e d so m e to th e C on fe d e rat e arm i e s ,

o r th e m ore sou th e rn St at e s an d o th ers ,

to C an ad a Am on g th em w as J oh n .

C B re ck in ridg e l at e Vic e Pre sid en t .

,
-

o f th e R e p u blic an d m em b er of th e ,

N ati on al Se n at e al so Willi am P re s ,

ton l at e A m e ric an M in i st er to Sp ain ; ,

J am es B Cl ay a so n of Hen ry Cl ay ; .
,

Hum ph re y M arsh all l at e ly a m em be r

HU M P H E Y M S HA ,
R AR LL

of C on g re ss an d a life l on g p ol itici an ;
-

C apt ain J oh n M org an J u dg e T h om as M on roe an d oth e rs of l ess n ot e

, ,
.

Com p ll d t i e ap
e ocl am ati by d f th L gi l t Mag fli
ssu e ro on or er o e e s a ure. o n f h
p u t or t on e o n th e 1 8 th as m il d
as p ibl
oss i m ply yi
e. s g th t h w
sa n i t ct dat d cl a
e th t “K t cky
as n s ru e o e re a en u s t
e xp ec t C fd
h e on e erate o r T en n e s
see t p t w ith d w f m h
roo s o ra il i m m di t ly
ro e r so e ae .

S1 pag 458 v l m I
ee e , o u e .
 ATTEM P T TO S EIZ E LO UI S VILLE .
77

B re cki n ridg e M arsh all an d M org an e n t e re d th e m i lit ary servic e of th e C on

, ,

fe d e rat e s T h e fi rst tw o w ere c om m ission e d b rig adi er g en eral s an d th e l att e r

.
-
,

b ec am e a c on spic u ou s g u errill a chi e f .

B re ckin ridg e b e c am e a z eal ou s se rv an t of th e C on fe d erat e s He i ssu e d .

an add re ss in w hich h e an n o u n c e d h is re sig n ati on of h is se at in th e U n it e d

,

St at e s S e n at e an d in bitt er l an g u ag e sp ok e of th e di ssol u ti on of th e Un i on
, ,

an d th e at ro ci o u s d esp oti sm w hich h e all e g e d h ad b e en e st abli sh e d at Wash

“
in gton ; an d h e ch arg e d h is o w n St at e L e gi sl at u re w ith abj e ct su b m i ssi on
.

to e v e ry d e m an d 0 F e d e ral d e sp oti sm an d w o efu l n e gl e ct of e v e ry righ t of ,

th e K en t u cky citiz e n s
” “
It is w e ll sugg est e d th at Mr B re cki n ridg e in h is
. .
,

e x o d u s from K en t u cky p erpe t rat e d a se ri ou s for h ad h e lik e

, , ,

o th er
“ ”
fri en d s of th e S ou th re m ai n e d in C on g ress h e m ight h av e se rv e d , ,

th e c au se of th e c on spi rat ors m o re effici e n tly He w as an abl e an d ad roit .

p ol itici an an d l egi sl at or b u t w as an i n di ff eren t soldi er ,

.

Vig orou s m ilit ary acti on in Ken tu cky b e sid e s th e se iz u re of C ol u m b u s

'

an d Hick m an sp ee dily fo ll o w e d th at act ,

Si m on B B u ck n er th e c orru pt er of . .
,

th e p at ri oti sm o f l arg e n u m b ers o f th e y ou n g m e n of K en t u cky b e ari n g th e

9
,

c om m i ssi on of b rig adi er g en e ral in th e C on fe d erat e servic e h ad e st abli sh e d a

-
,

c am p on th e N ashvill e an d L ou i svill e R ail way j u st b e l o w th e K en t u cky ,

li n e S oon after th e se iz u re of C ol u m b u s h e l eft h is cam p with a c on sid era

.
,

b l e forc e w ith th e i n t en ti on of m ovi n g q u ickly u pon L ou i svill e by th e rail

, ,

w ay seizi n g th at city an d est abli shi n g a C on fe d erat e p ost on th e O hi o at

, ,

th at i m p o rt an t p o i n t T h e t e l eg raph w i re s w e re c u t an d h e w as far on h is
.
,

w ay b e fore an y i n ti m ati on w as giv en of h is app roach T h e t rai n s du e at .

Lou i svill e did n ot arriv e an d th e m an ag e rs sen t ou t an en gi n e to asc e rt ai n,

th e c au se It lik e a t rai n b efore it w as se iz e d by B u ck n er A fi re m an

.
, ,
.

e sc ap e d an d p roc u ri n g a h an d c ar soon re t u rn e d to L ou i svill e w ith th e

, ,
-
,

st artli n g n e w s .

G en eral A n d erson i mm e di at e ly ord e re d G en eral R ou sse au to m ov e ou t on

th e road w ith h is littl e forc e at C am p J oe Ho lt an d som e L o u i svill e Hom e
”
,

G u ard s T h e se w e re h is on ly av ail abl e forc e s at th at m om en t T h e orde r

. .

w as ob e y e d w ith al ac rity an d v e ry so on a c on sid e rabl e fo rc e u n d er th e chi e f

, ,

c o m m an d of G en e ral Willi am T Sh erm an A n d e rson s li e u t en an t w e re on .

,
’
,

th e i r w ay to re p e l th e i n v ad ers— th e l att e r w h o w as in d e lic at e h ealth , ,

re m ai n i n g in L ou i svill e to forw ard re e n fo rc e m e n t s F ort u n ately B u ck n e r -

,
.

h ad b ee n d e l ay e d n e ar B o w li n g G ree n by th e p at ri otic act of a y ou n g m an

, ,

o f th at pl ac e w h o w e n t q u i e tly u th e ro ad an d di spl ac e d a rail by w hich

, p ,

th e e n gi n e o f th e i n v ad e rs t rai n w as th row n from th e t rack B ut for thi s

’
.
,

B u ck n er m ight h av e re ach e d L ou i svill e b efore A n d e rson c ou ld h av e p u t an y

fo rc e s in m oti on A s it w as h e p en et rat e d th e c ou n ty as far as E liz ab eth
.
,

to w n fo rty m il e s from th at city w h e n h e h e ard of th e app roachi n g t roo p s

, ,
.

He th ou ght p rop e r to fall b ack to B ow lin g G re en w h ere h e e st abli sh e d an ,

“
i n t re n ch e d c am p an d i ssu e d a p rocl am ati on to h is fe ll ow citiz en s
,
-

o f K en t u cky
“ an d w h e re h e re m ai n e d for se v e ral m on th s At .
,

th e sam e ti m e Sh erm an e st abli sh e d a c am p an d g e n e ral re n d e z

,

G ly ree e
’
s A m eri cav l m I
n Confl i t, S pag 72
c i . 61 5 .
3 S ee pag e 458, o u e . ee e .

4T h t p cl m tiaab d th N ti l G v m t a d th l y l L gi l t f K t cky H d cla d

ro a a on u se e a ona o ern en n e o a e s a ure o en u . e e re

i i t th t C
n f d at t p cc pi d d f iv p iti
a on e er e i that Stat
roo th
s o i vitati f th p pl f
u e
"
a e ens e os on n e, on e n on o e eo e o

K t cky that h t
en u d t h i ativ St t w ith p c f l i t ti s at th h ad f a f c th adv c f
e re u rn e o s n e a e ea e u n en on ,
e e o o r e, e an e o
78 T HE S I TUA T I O N IN K ENT U C K Y AN D MISS O URI .

v ou s on M u ld rau gh s Hill n ot far from E lizab e tht o w n an d th e re l aid th e ’

, ,

fou n d ati on of th at n ot abl e org an iz ati o n afte rw ard k n o w n as th e A rm y of th e

Cu m berl an d O n acc o u n t of An d e rso n s fe e bl e h e alth G en e ral Sh e rm an
’
.
,

w as pl ac e d in chi e f c om m an d of th e D e p art m e n t o f th e C u m b e rl an d (w h ich

i n cl u d e d th e St at e s of K e n t u cky an d T e n n essee) e arly in O ct o b e r w h e n , ,

w ith a fore c ast n ot th en app re ci at e d h e d e cl are d th at an arm y of tw o ,

h u n d re d th ou san d m en w ou ld b e n e c e ssary to e xp e l th e C o n fe d e rat e s fro m

K en t u cky an d T e n n e ssee an d c arry th e N ati on al b an n e r V ict o ri o u sly to th e ,

G u l f B e c au se of th at asse rti on w h ose w i sd om w as spe e dily v in dic at e d h e

.
, ,

w as c all e d i n san e an d fo r a ti m e h e w as o v e rsh ad o w e d by a cl o u d of n e gl e c t

,
.

L e t u s n o w re tu rn to a c on sid e rati on of aff ai rs in Mi sso u ri .

We l eftG en e ral F re m on t w i th a st ron g forc e m o vi n g t o w ard th e i n te ri o r , ,

of Mi ssou ri He h ad st re n gth e n e d th e fo rc e s in East e rn Mi sso u ri an d at

.

C ai ro th at th e y m ight k ee p th e C on fe d e rat e s so w e ll e m pl o y e d in th at
,

re gi o n th at th e y c o u ld n o t giv e aid to P ric e ; n o r se ri o u sly m e n ac e St L o u i s

,
. .

In thi s serv ic e as w e h av e see n th e y w e re su cc e ssfu l

,
Hard ee d are d n ot ,
.

adv an c e m u ch fro m G re e n vill e ; Pill o w w as k e pt in th e n e ighb o rh oo d o f N e w

M ad rid w i th ou t c ou rag e to m o v e far t o ward Bi rd s Po in t an d C ap e Gi rar

,
’

d eau ; an d J e fl T h om p son th e g u e rrill a c on t en t e d hi m se lf w ith e cc e n tric raid s

'

.
, ,
”
an d sc ari n g th e F e d eral s to d e ath as h e foo l i shly su pp o se d an d d e cl are d , .

F rem on t w e n t forw ard an d o n th e 28 th of S e pt e m b e r h e w as at J effe rso n ,

City th e St at e c api tal w h e re h e ad o pt e d vig oro u s m e asu re s fo r d ri vi n g

, ,

Pric e from th e S tat e T h e l att e r h ad c au se for se ri o u s al arm Mc C u ll o c h . .

,

as w e h av e seen h ad l eft h im an d g o n e to Ar kan sas an d Pill o w an d Hard ee

, ,

h ad ab an d o n e d So u th e ast e rn Mi sso u ri an d tak en p o siti on in K e n t u cky an d ,

T e nn e ssee Mc C ul l o ch w h o h ad p rom i se d an e sc ort fo r an am m u n i ti o n

.
,

train to b e se n t fro m A rk an sas to P ri ce n o t on ly w ithh e ld th at p ro m i se d ,

aid b u t arre st e d th e p rog re ss of th e t rai n w ith th e p re t e xt th at it w o u ld b e

, ,

u n safe in Mi sso u ri .

T h e se adv e rse c irc u m st an c e s c o m p e ll e d P ric e to re t reat t o w ard A rk an sas .

1 861
0
H e ab an d on e d Le xi n gt on on th e 3oth of
.
l e avi n g a

g u ard of fi v e h u n d re d m en th e re in d e fe n se of N ati on al p ris on e rs .

“ ”
A sq u ad ron of c av al ry c all e d th e P rai ri e Sco uts on e h u n d re d an d e ighty , ,

stron g u n d e r M aj or F ran k J W hi te su rp ri se d t h i s p arty by a b old

b Ot b
,
.
,
16
c O el
‘
,

d ash di sp erse d th e m m ad e n e arly se v e n ty o f th em p ri so n e rs

, , ,

re l e ase d th e U n i o n c aptiv e s an d b ea rin g aw ay w ith th e m th e S e c e ss i o n , ,

St at e fl ag j oi n e d F re m on t s forc e s w hich w ere th e n on th e O sag e Riv e r at

,
’
, ,

Warsaw in p u rsu it of Pric e F rem on t w ith his spl e n did b o dy g u ard of

,
.
,

c av al ry un d er M aj or Ch arl e s Zagon yi a Hu n g ari an h ad arriv e d

, , ,
‘

O ct b
e o er
th e re on th e l 6 th aft er en c ou n t e rin g a se v e re rain st orm G e n
.
‘
.
,

w hich i c m p d ti ly f K t cki
s o ose w h m h had
en d c d by f l
re p o tati f m th i h m
en u an s, o e se u e a se. re rese n ons ro e r o es

a d th i
n ati l all gi a c ; a d th t th L gi l at
e r n on a f Ke t ck w a “faithl t th w ill f th p pl
n e n a e e s ure o en u y s e ss o e o e eo e.
"

B a e d th p pl that h i f c atB wli g G w l d b

ssure e eo e d i i d i g K t cky i m ai tai i g it
s or e s o n reen ou e u se n a n en u n n n n s

t ict t a lity d t f c i t agai t th tw b lli

s r n eu r ,
an t lik o en o r e ns e o e g eren s a e .
”

G al A d e n er i d a c t p cl am ti i w hich h i d th t h a ativ f K t cky h ad c m

n erso n ssue ou n e r- ro a on , n e sa a e. n e o en u ,
o e

t f c t t m k l aw s a d t p t ct th liv an d p p ty f th p pl f th C m m w al th H
o e n or e, n o o a e ,
"
n o ro e e es ro er o e eo e o e o on e . e

call d p th citiz t a m i th i m ight a d d iv th i v ad f m th i il T h l ad f th h til

e u on e en s o r n e r n r e e n er ro e r so . e e er o e os e

or e,
" “
f c h aid wh w app ach i I g t t ay a K t cki m ki g w a
e s o ne K t cky a d K
ro e s, s, re re o s en u an , en u n en
, , a n r on

t ki
uc
“ H c all d th m t “ ally
an s . e d th flage f th l v d a d b d th m t t i G d a d d
e o r aro u n e our a e rs o e
”
n a e e ru s n o n o
.

th i d ty
e r u .

Zag yi h ad b on a ol d i i hi ati v la d d G al B m H am t A m ica a a xil

e en s er n s n e n , un er e n er e . e c e o er s n e e .

O ff i g h i vi t Fr m t at St L i h wa cha g d w i th th d ty f c i ti g b d y of cav l y a
er n s se r ces o e on . ou s, e s r e e u o re ru n a o a r s
 FREM O N T S MO V EMEN T S ’
IN M I SS O URI .
79

e ra l Sig e l w h o l e d th e adv an c e h ad alre ady cro sse d h is forc e ov e r th e

, ,

rapidly sw e ll in g st ream by m ean s of a si n gl e fl atb o at an d th e sw i m m i n g of

h is h orses ; b u tits b an k s
w ere n ow fill e d to th e
brim w i th th e re c e n t
rai n s an d c ou ld n ot b e
,

ford e d n or w e re b oat s
,

or l u m b e r fo r th e i r c on

st ru cti on to b e h ad
th ere T h e ax w as
.

soon h e ard in th e sur

rou n din g fo re st an d in ,

th e co u rse of fi v e d ay s
a ru d e st ron g b ridg e

w as c on st ru ct e d u n d e r ,

th e di re c ti o n o f C apt ain
Pik e of th e e n gi n ee rs
,

o v e r w hich th e w h ol e
B GE C OSS IN G HE O GI
,
I L R T BA .

arm y n o w thi rty th o u san d st ron g w ith e ighty six h e avy rrn s safe ly p asse d
g
-
, , , ,

an d m o v e d o n in th e di re cti on of Sp ri n gfi e ld by th e w ay of B o liv ar The ,

.

com m an d e r w as fu ll of c o n fid en c e in th e su cc e ss of h is pl an s y e t fe arfu l of ,

oflic ial i n te rfe re n ce w ith th e m by th e S e c re t ary of w ar (C am e ro n ) an d th e

Adj u t an t G e n e ral (T h om as) th en in p u rsu it of h im as h e h ad b e en i n form ed

-
, , .
‘

T h at pl an w as to c apt u re or di spe rse th e forc e s of P ric e an d se izi n g Littl e R o ck , ,

th e c apit al of A rk an sas so c om pl e t e ly t u rn th e p o siti on o f th e C o n fe d e rate

,

forces u n d e r Po lk Pill ow T h om p son an d Hard ee as to c ut off th e i r su ppli e s

, , , ,

from th at re gi on an d c om p e l th e m to re t re at w h en a fl otill a of g u n b o at s
, ,

th en in p re p arati on n e ar St L o u i s in c o mm an d o f C ap tai n F o o t e c o u ld e asily .

, ,

d e sc e n d th e riv e r an d assi st in m ilit ary o p e rati on s ag ai n st M em phi s which if , ,

su cc e ssfu l w ou ld all ow th e A rm y an d N avy to p u sh on an d t ak e p ossessi on

,
”
of N e w O rl e an s My pl an is N e w O rl e an s st raight h e w rot e on th e 1 l th
.
,

of O ct o b e r fro m h is c am p n e ar T ipt on
“ It w o uld p re cipit at e th e w ar for .
,

w ard an d e n d it soon an d V ict o ri ou sly

, .

Wh en F rem on t s arm y w as at th e P o m m e cl e Terre R iv er fi fty o n e m il e s

’
,
-

“
n orth of Sp ri n gfi e ld h e se n t th e c om bi n e d c av al ry forc es of ,

Zagon y i an d M aj or Whit e (le d by th e form e r) to re c on n oit e r

’

th e p o siti on of th e C on f e d e rat es at th e l att e r pl ac e wi th in stru c ,

ti on s to att em pt its c apt u re if ci rc u m st an c es sh ou ld p rom i se su cc ess T h e .

w h ol e forc e did n ot e xc ee d th ree h u n d re d m e n Whe n w i thin a few m ile s .

o f Sp ri n gfi e ld } on th e high e st p o i n t of th e O z ark M ou n t ai n s th e y
b O t 24 ,
c . .

fe l l in w ith som e forag ers an d c apt u re d th em ; an d th ere a Un i on

a b d y g a df th G
o -
u r l H l ct d f thi p p y g m a d f m d th m i t th c m pa i
or e ene ra . e se e e or s ur o se o un en . n or e e n o re e o n e s.

one of w hich w a ly all K t ckia Th

e re n e r w v y f w f ig i th g d a d all th fli w
en u ns . ere e re er e ore n e rs n e u ar . n e o c e rs e re

Am ica er xc pti g thns e H ll a d a d tw H ga i a

e n th e l att b i g M j Zag yi a d Li t a t
re e, on e o n er n o un r n s, er e n a or on n eu e n n

Majth y i T h G a d w m
en . t d w ll q ipp d bl ood d b ay h
e u r asE ch m a w a a m dw ith tw f
oun e on e e
-
u e e orse s. a n s r e o o

C lt i ba l vy v lv
o
'
s s x- rre fi b a l i fl a d a ab
na re o ers, on e ve - rre r e, n s e r.

S l tt t h i wif i M F m t St y Of th G a d
ee e e rs o s e n rs. re on
’
s or e u r .

L tt 3 f G e l F m t t h i w if O ct b 1 1 th 1 861 M F m t d a ght f th l at S t
er o e n e ra re on o s e, o er ,
. rs. re on , u er o e e e n a or

B t f Mi
e n on o i w a th atJ ff
sso ur Cit H h b d h d l g b i th h bit f f i g al l m
, s en e e rson y. er u s an a on een n e a o re e rr n an n er

f w k a d d ti a acti g p i cipal i h i ab c a d i th at c pacity h w a w at J fl City ’

o or t h n u es o er s n r n n s se n e , n n a s e s no e c rso n

a d gav h im
n ffici t aid S
e et p g 88 f Th S t y f th G a d : a Ch i cl f th Wa By J i
en . ee n o e on a e o e or o e u r ron e O e r. e ss e

B t F m t
en on re on .
 C HAR GE O F FREM O NT S ’
B ODY -
G UARD .

farm er t old Zagon yi th at th e C on f e d e rat e forc e in th e t ow n w as full tw o

th ousan d in n u m b er He w as n ot d au n t e d by t h is i n form ati o n b u t p u sh e d
.
,

forw ard O n e of th e forag e rs w h o e sc ap e d h ad h e rald e d h is c om i n g an d

.
,

w h e n h e app roach e d th e su b u rb s of th e vil lag e o n th e M o u n t V e rn o n road , ,

at a littl e p ast fou r O cl o ck in th e afte rn oo n

’
h e fou n d t w e lv e h u n d re d in ,

fan try an d fou r h u n d re d c av al ry w e ll p re p are d on th e b ro w of a hill in fron t ,

o f sh e lt e ri n g w oo d s to re c e iv e h im Z agon yi w as still u n d au n t e d
, N ot . .

w ith st an di n g Whit e s Prair i e Sc ou t s h ad b e e n se p arat e d from th e G u ard

’
,

Z ago n yi w as d et e rmin e d to fight T urn in g to h is offi c ers h e said : F o ll ow .

,
”
'

m e an d do l ike m e ! An d to h is littl e b an d of foll ow ers h e sp ok e a fe w

h u rri e d w ord s sayin g : C om rad es ! th e h ou r Of d an g er h as c om e ; y ou r
,

fi rst b at tl e is b e fore y ou T h e e n em y is tw o th ou san d st ron g an d w e are .

,

b u t on e h u n dre d an d fi fty It is p ossibl e n o m an w il l c om e b ack If an y of

. .

”
w ld t u rn b ack ou c an do so n o w ! N o t a m an m o v e d
y o u o u y ,
.

Z agon yi w as d e ligh te d
“ ”
I will l e ad you i h e e x cl aim ed L e t th e
. .

q
Th e U nion a n d F rem on tl D raw sab e re i By th e right fl an k
’
w atch w ord b e ,

u ick t rot — m a rch ” an d aw ay d ash e d th e b o ld l ea d e r an d h is c o m rad es

-
.

w ith a sh ou t d ow n a n arrow l an e frin g e d w ith c on c e al e d sh arp sh oo te rs -

,

with a m i ry b rook an d a st ou t rail fe n c e ah ea d to Opp o se th e m T h ese w ere .

al l p asse d in a f e w m i n u t e s w hil e th e fi re from th e i n fan t ry in th e i r fr on t ,

w as t e rribl e O n an e m i n e n c e n e are r st oo d th e C o n fe d e rat e c av al ry re ady

.
,

to e n g ag e in th e fray Al re ady th e l an e h ad b e en st re w n with th e fall en

.

m en an d h o rse s of th e G u ard an d ye t Zago n yi s t roop s h ad n ot st ru ck a

’
,

bl o w T h e m om e n t for d e ali n g th at bl ow w as n ow at h an d T h e w ord is

. .

giv en an d Li e u ten an t Majth en y i w it h thirt y m en d ash e d m adl y u p on th e

, , ,

c e n t er of th e C on fe d erat e c av al ry b reakin g th e ir li n e an d sc att e rin g th e , ,

w h ol e b ody in c o n fu si on ov e r th e adj oin in g c orn fi e l ds T h en Z agon yi -

.

sh o u t s to th e i m p ati e n t so ldi e rs h e is h o ldin g in l e ash e s as it w e re I n Ope n , ,

o rd e r — c h arge l
”
an d w ith th e i m p e t u o sity o f a w hi rl w i n d th e y sw e e p u p th e

l p e in th e fac e o f b u ll e t s th at fl y thick as h ail At th e sam e m om e n t fi fty .

I ri sh d rag oon s of M aj or Whit e s sq u ad ro n l e d by C apt ain Mc N au gh ton fall ’

, ,

u p o n th e fe e an d aw ay scam p e rs al m o st th e e n ti re b o dy of C on fe d e rat e in
,

fe n t ry in w ild se arch f or safe ty Th e re m n an t of th e G u ard l ed by Z agon yi .

, ,

foll ow th e fu gitiv e h orse m e n an d sm it e th em fe arf ully ch ase th e m in t o th e ,

t o w n an d fight th em fi e rc e ly in d et ail in th e stree t s an d in th e p u blic sq u are

,

o f Sp ri n gfi e ld w hil st U n i on w o m e n u n dis m ay e d by th e d an g e rs c om e o u t
, , , ,

an d w avi n g th e i r h an dk e rchi e fs ch ee r on th e vict o rs

,
Wh en th e c on flict ,
.

e n d e d th e C o n fe d e rat e s w e re u tt erly rou te d ; an d o f th e o n e h u n d re d an d

,

fi fty of Zagon yi s G u ard e ighty fou r w ere d e ad or w ou n d e d Th e acti on

’ ’
,
-
.

h ad l ast e d an h o u r an d a h alf ; an d in th e dim t w ilight o f th at b right O ct o

b e r e v en i n g th e N ati on al fl ag w as rai se d in t ri u m ph o v e r th e c ourt h ou se
,
-
.

At a littl e p ast m id n ight Zagon yi w ith a c apt u re d C on fe d erat e fl ag an d , ,

on ly se v e n ty of h is G u ard an d a fe w re l ease d p ri son ers ro d e p rou dly b u t

, ,

sadly o u t o f Sp ri n gfi e ld b e c au se it w as u n safe fo r th e m to re m ai n
,
T hey .

i patch f M aj Zag yi t G al F m t O t b 25 1 861 R po t f Maj Zag yi t C l l J

D s o or on o e n er re on , c o er , . e r o or on o o on e .

H E t
. A i ta t Adj ta t~
a o n, G
ss s aL Oct b 28 1 86 1
n L tt f Maj
u Zag y i t M
n F m t q td i
ene r o er , . e er o or on o rs . re on . uo e n

h St y f t h G ua d N a ativ f M j D h i f F m t t ff i th A tla tic 111 011 31 T h ‘

er or o e r . rr e o a or ors e rn e r, o re on s s a ,
n e n 011 . e

nu mb r th Ger o d kill d w 1 5 ; m t lly w d d 2 :th m i d w W d d m ad p i rs

e uar e as or a oun e , e re a n er e re ou n e or e r so n e .

Z ag y i ai d “O f th w
on s d d t will l a fi g e
“ Th piou n we l a d a d th act l l
no on e ose n er e r so n ers e re re e se n e ua oss
, .
,

t th G a d w
o e ly 1 7 S Zag yi ai d i a l tt t M F m t O ct b 23 1 301
u r as on . o on s n e er o rs. re on , o er , .
 O PER ATI O NS IN EAS TERN MIS S O URI .
81

fe ll b ack u n til th e y m et Sig e l s adv an c e b e t we en Sp ri n gfi e ld an d B oliv ar ’

, .

T h e re p o rt o f thi s b rilli an t ch arg e an d vict o ry w hich h ad p re c e d e d th em , ,

fill e d th e w h o l e arm y with d e light an d e n th usi asm T hi s w as really a .

”
B al akl av a ch arg e w rot e F re m on t “ T h e G u ard n u m b ere d on ly on e h u n
, .

d re d an d fi fty Y ou n otic e th at Zagon yi say s h e h as see n ch arg es b u t

.
,

n e v e r su ch a o n e T h e i r w ar c ry h e say s sou n d e d lik e th u n d er

. T hi s acti on -

, , .

”
is a n obl e e x am pl e to th e arm y T h e re h ad b e en o th e r n obl e e x am pl es f or .
1

th e arm y d u ri n g its adv an c e in Mi sso u ri ’

.

F rem on t s arm y arriv e d at Sp ri n gfi e ld at th e b egi n n i n g of N o v em b e r

’

i n spi rit e d by n ew s of re c e n t su cc e sse s in th e D e p art m en t an d th e p rosp e ct of ,

S p ee dily riddi n g Mi ssou ri o f i n surg e n t s Whil e it h ad b e en m ovi n g forw ard .

,

L an e an d M on tg om e ry w h o w e h av e seen h ad be en d riv e n b ack i n t o Kan , , ,

3
sas by P ric e h ad c rosse d i n t o Mi ssou ri ag ai n to c u t oil or e m b arrass th e
, ,

C on fe d e rat es in th e i r re t re at from L e xi n gt on M on tgom e ry p u sh e d on to .

th e t ow n Of O sc eo l a th e c apit al Of St Cl ai r C ou n ty on th e O sag e b u t w as
,
.
, ,

too l at e to i n t e rc e p t Pric e T h e arm e d C o n fe d e rat es at th at pl ac e aft er a .

,
“
b ri e f ski rm i sh w e re d riv en aw ay an d th e vill ag e w as l aid in
, ,

ash es w ith n o o th e r e xc u se fo r th e c ru e l m e asu re th an th e fact

,

th at it w as a re n de zv o u s f or th e fe e an d its i n h abit an t s w e re all ,

di sl oy al .

A m on th l at e r th e N ati on al t ro op s g ai n e d a sign al vict ory o v er th e g u er

”
n d h is c om m an d
rill a chi e f T h o m p so n
( w h
,
o w as c all e d th e S w a m p F ox a , ,

th e
“ S w am p F ox B rig ad e at F re d e rickt on th e c apit al of M adi son C o u n ty , ,

in S ou th e ast e rn Mi sso u ri G e n e ral G ran t w as in c o m m an d at C ap e Gi rar .

d e au at th at ti m e G e n e ral T h om p son an d C ol on e l L ow e h ad b e en roam i n g

.

at w ill o v e r th e re gi on b e t w ee n N e w M ad rid an d Pil o t K n ob T h om p so n .

,

w ith six h un d re d m e n h ad c apt u re d th e g u ard at th e Big R iv e r B ridg e n e ar , ,

Pot osi an d d e st roy e d th at st ru ct u re on th e 1 5 th of O ct ob e r an d on th e fol

, ,

l owi n g day h e an d L ow e w e re at th e h e ad o f a th o u san d m e n n e ar I ron t on ,

th re at en i n g th at pl ac e w h e re th e y w ere d e fe at e d by M aj or G av itt s I n di an a,
’

’
c av al ry an d a p art o f C ol on e l Al e x an d e r s T w e n ty fi rst Illi n oi s c av al ry
,
-
,

w ith a l oss of thi rty six kill e d an d w o u n d e d G ran t d et erm i n e d to p u t an

-
.

e n d to th e c are e r of th e se m arau d e rs if p ossibl e In form e d th at th e y w e re ,

.

4
n e ar F re d erickt o n h e se n t o u t a c on sid e rabl e fo rc e u n d e r C o l on e l Pl u m m e r
, ,

to st rik e th e m fro m th e E ast w hil e C apt ai n Haw ki n s w ith Mi sso uri c av al ry , , ,

w as ord ere d u p fro m Pil ot K n o b on th e N o rth e ast fo ll ow e d by C o l on e l ,

C arli n w ith a b o dy of in fan t ry as a su pp ort to e n g ag e an d o cc u py T h om p ,

5

1 cci d t cc d t M aj Whit d p v t d h i b i g i thi acti

An a en o urre H h ad ick
o d th w y or e an re en e s e n n s o n. e s ene on e a

a d b
n c m p ll d t l g b hi d Wh att m pti g t v tak h i t p h w m d p i
ee n o e e o a e b t c p d
n . en e n o o er e s roo s, e as a ea r so n e r, u es a e

a d
n ach d Sp i gfi l d
re e th m i g aft th fight w ith a f w H m G d St ti i g 22 f h i 24 m
r n e on e o rn n er e , e o e uar s. a on n o s en

a pick t
s h d c iv d th C
e s, ef d at i th t w with th b li f th at h h ad a c i d abl f c with h im
e e e e on e er es n e o n e e e e on s er e or e .

A ft c ivi g a fl g f t c a d p m itti g th m t b y th i d ad h p d tly f ll b ack t m t th

e r re e n a o ru e, n er n e o ur e r e ,
e ru en e o ee e

ad v ci g a m y
an n r .

O th d tach m t f cav l y f m F m t a m y b i d th
er e en s of Whit a d Z ag y i h ad ba rp ro re on
’
s r , es es ose o e n on ,
e en o e ra

ti g ag i t th C f d t d i g th m a ch f th m i b d y O
n a ns e on e f th m
e ra e s d M j Cl a k W ight
ur n e r o e a n o . ne O e , un er a or r r ,

t d d d i p d a b d y f C f d ate a L ba
rou e an s e rse i Lacl d C o ty th i 8 th f Oct b ; a d
o on e er s ne r e n on , n e e ou n ,
on e o o er n on

th f ll w i g day th
e o o am f c
n capt d th vill g f Ly C k I th f m
e s e gag m t aft a
or e s ure e a e o nn re e . n e or er e n e en ,
er

ch g a d a
ar e, i g fight f a m il a d a half th w ab t 60 C f d t kill d a d w d d w hil th
n ru n n n or e n , e re e re ou on e e ra e s e n ou n e ,
e e

U i ln on wa ly ma kill d —R p t f M aj W ight O ct b 1 3 1 861

oss s on on e n e e or o or r ,
o er , .

S pag 66
ee e .

Th y c i t d f th E l v th S v t th a d T w ti th Illi i d 400 caval y

e on s s e o e e en e en e e n n en e n o s, an r .

c i t d f p t f th T w ty fi t T w ty thi d d T w ty ighth I lli i th E ighth Wi

, ,

Th e se on s s e o ar s o e en -
rs ,
en -
r ,
an en e
- n o s, e s

c i C l l Bak s I d ia a caval y a d Maj S h fl ld Batt y

ou s n , o on e er
’
n n r , n or c o e
‘
s er .

VO L II — 6 . . .
 FREM O N T S U C CEEDED BY HUN TER .

son til Pl u mm e r s arriv al

un
’
T h e y fo rm e d a j u n cti on at F re d erickt on .
,

w ith Pl u m m er in chi e f c o m m an d an d st arti n g in p u rsu it of th e C o n fe d e rate s , , ,

w h o th e y su pp ose d w e re in fu ll flight fo u n d th e m ab o u t on e th ou san d ,

stro n g w e ll p ost e d an d re ady for b attl e p artly in an e p e n fi e ld an d p artly

, ,

in th e w ood s on ly a m il e from th e vill ag e w ith fou r i ron 1 8 p ou n d e rs in

, ,
-

p ositi on S ch ofi el d Op e n e d th e b attl e w ith h is h e avy g u n s A g e n e ral

. .

e n g ag e m en t en su e d an d afte r tw o h ou rs h ar d figh ti n g th e C on fe d e rat e s

’
, , ,

fl e d h otly p u rsu e d by th e I n di an a c av al ry f or t w e n ty m il e s
, T h e C o n fe de .

rat e C o l on e l L o w e w as kil l e d e arly in th e acti on T h e i r l o ss w as l arg e— h ow .

l arg e is n ot kn o w n T h e l oss of th e N ati on al s w as ten kill e d an d t w en ty

.

w oun d e d T hi s d e fe at an d di sp e rsi on c om pl e t e ly b rok e u p T h om p son s

.
’

g u e rrill a org an iz ati on fo r a ti m e w hich w as c om p ose d al m o st w h olly of ,

di sl oy al an d de l u d e d Mi ssou ri an s T h e y h ad fou ght b rav e ly w ith i n fe ri o r .

arm s ag ain st su p e ri o r n u m b e rs
‘
.

We h av e ob serv e d th at G e n e ral F rem on t h ad an ticip at e d an i n t erferen c e

with h is pl an s w h e n h e h e ard th at th e S e c re t ary of War an d th e Adj u t an t
G e n e ral w e re in p u rs u it o f h im T h e y h ad o v e rt ak en h im o n th e .

at T ipt o n th e th e n W e st e rn t e rm i n u s of th e P aci fi c R ail

a O t 1 861 c ,
“ .

1 3th , ,

w ay ab ou t thi rty m il e s sou th of J e ff e rson City

,
T h e i n t e rv i e w of th e .

offi ci al s w as c o u rt e ou s an d h o n o rabl e Th e S e c re t ary fran kly t o ld h im th at .

th e ir e rran d w as to m ak e p e rson al ob se rv ati on s o f h is arm y an d of aff ai rs in ,

h is D e p art m e n t C om pl ain t s c on c e rn i n g h is ad m i n i st rati on of th ose affai rs

.

h ad fill e d th e m i n d of th e P re sid e n t w i th p ai n fu l app re h e n si o n s an d th e ,

S e c re t ary of War b o re w i th h im an ord e r reli e vi n g h im of h is c om m an d , ,

w ith di sc re ti on ary p ow e rs to u se it o r n ot T h e S e c re t ary c arri e d it b ack to .

Washi n gt on an d th e Adj u tan t G e n e ral m ad e a re p ort highly u n fav o rabl e to

,
-

th e c o m m an din g g e n e ral in Mi ssou ri T hi s w as p u bli sh e d an d h ad th e tw o .

,

fold e ffe ct of p rej u dici n g th e p u blic m i n d ag ai n st F re m on t an d re v e ali n g to ,

th e e n em y se c re t s w hich th e high e st i n t e re st s of th e c ou n t ry at th at ti m e
2
re q u i re d to b e h idd e n .

T h e asse rti o n w as p u blicl y m ad e afte r th e ret u rn of th e G o v e rn m e n t ,

offici al s th at th e c am p aig n in Mi sso u ri w as a fail u re ; an d th e p re dicti o n w as

,

c on fid en tly u tt e re d th at F re m o n t s arm y c ou ld n e v e r c ro ss th e O sag e m u ch ’

,

l e ss re ach Sp ri n gfi e ld T h e fall acy o f thi s p roph e cy w as p ro v e n in l e ss th an

.

a fo rt n ight w h e n th at arm y l a
y o n th e O z ark hill s an d on th e pl ai n aro u n d
,

Sp ri n gfi e ld ; an d th e c am p aig n fail e d on ly it is b e li e v e d b e c au se its p ro g re ss , ,

w as su dd e n ly ch e ck e d w h e n th e m o st re ason abl e p ro m i se s of ab u n d an t su c
c e ss w e re p re se n t e d T h at ch e ck w as giv en on th e m o rn i n g of th e 2d of
.

N o v e m b e r w h e n a c o u ri e r arriv e d at h e ad —
,
q u art e rs with an ord e r from G e n
e ral Sc o tt di re cti n g G e n e ral F re m on t to t u rn o v e r h is c om m an d to G e n e ral
,

1 M ore th an h alf f th i fi
o e r re - ar m s w e re old fi in td oc k s qu i rre lg un s O f th d d w t
. e ea ,
”
ro e an e y e - w it n e ss
,

i gl
n ota s n e on e th t I aw w a d
d i a y ki d f if m th
a s a s m ad a d b t
resse n n n o un or , e cl th b i g g
o lly h m
e n en er o e- e, n u

ter n u
-
tc l d o ore .
”

T hi
9 p t w a i th f m f a j
s re orl d c t i d a g t m t f g ip a d ca dal g th d
s n e or o ou rn a ,
an on a n e re a a ou n o oss n s n ,
a e re

f m b lt a d F m t p litic l mi w hich b q t i f m ti h w d t b w thy f

’
ro su a e rn s n re on s o a ene e s, su se u en n or a on s o e o e un or o

c d it I ti d t th Adj ta t G
re . s l t ay th t h d i cl i m d a i t ti t m ak th at j
ue o e u n -
al p blic
e n e ra o s a e s a e ny n en on o e o u rn u .

I ti i d th t a c py f it
s sa ptiti ly btai d a d giv t a w pap
a o o u as surre p t d pic t th o us o ne n en o ne s e r re o r er, an su s ion a e

ti m p i t d t th P tm t G
e o n e l ( w h b th a ffic i th m y itw a k w b ad q
o e os as e r- ll d w ith
e n e ra o se ro e r, n o er n e ar ,
s no n uarre e

F m t) th
re on w h m th
, as p ibility f th p blicati h l d t F m t ft w d p bli h d
e o n e on o e re s on s o e u on s ou re s . re on a er ar u s e

a vi d icati f h i ad m i i t ati i th D pa t m t f Mi
n on o s i w hich al m t w h lly m v d f m th p ub
n s r on n e e r en o ssour ,
os o re o e ro e

lic m i d th fav abl i m p i m ad by that j

n e un orl e ress o n e ourn a .
 FREM O N T A ND HIS ARM Y .
83

D avid Hu n t er, th e n som e di st an c e in th e re ar T hi s order c am e w h en th e .

arm y w as e xcit e d by th e p ro sp e ct o f a b attl e al m o st i m m e di at e ly P ric e h ad .

t fi rst fl e d to N e osh o w h en fi n din g F re m on t still in p u rsu it h e p u sh e d on

,
l
, ,

to Pi n e vill e in th e e xt re m e S ou th ,

w est e rn p art o f Mi ssou ri F u rth e r .

th an th at h is St at e G u ard w e re n ot
di sp o se d to go He w as u n w illi n g .

to l eav e Mi sso u ri w i th o u t m e asu ri n g

i
st re n gth an d p ow e rs w ith F re m on t ,

so h e ch an g e d fro n t an d p re p are d to

re c e iv e h im T hi s attit u d e g av e ri se
.

to st artli n g ru m o rs in F re m o n t s
’

c am p an d at th e m om e n t w h e n h e
, ,

w as re li e v e d o f c o m m an d it w as ,

re p o rt e d th at P ric e w as m archi n g

on Sp ri n gfi e ld an d th at h is v an ,

g u ard h ad re ach e d Wil son s C re e k

’
’
,

ten u ril e s di stan t p re p are d to giv e

V HU N E
,
DA ID T R.
b attl e o n th e g ro u n d w h e re Ly on
w as kill e d th re e m o n th s b e fo re Mc C ul loch w as re p o rt e d to b e at D u g .

Sp ri n g s ; an d th e n um b e r o f th e c om bi n e d arm i e s w as e sti m ate d at fo rt y

2

3
th o u san d m en .

Hu n t e r h ad n ot y et arriv e d an d F rem on t w h o h ad m ad e h is t ro op s e x , ,

c e e din gl y sorro w fu l by th e an n o u n c e m e n t in a fo rm al add ress th at h e w as

4
ab o u t to l e av e th e m w as i m pl o re d by o n e h u n d re d an d ten o f h is offic e rs to
,

l e ad h is arm y ag ai n st th e fo e He p rom i se d c om pli an c e w ith th e i r w i sh e s .

,

if h is su cc essor sh o u ld n o t re ach th e m by su n se t Hu n t e r fail e d to do so .

5
,

an d at e ight o cl o ck in th e e v e n i n g F re m o n t i ssu e d th e o rd e r o f b attl e an d

’
,

th e e n ti re c am p w as aliv e w it h e n th u si asm Ly o n s pl an for su rro un di n g ’

.

an d c ap tu ri n g th e C o n fe d e rat e s w as su b st an ti ally ad o pt e d T h e y w e re to .

b e assail e d s i m u l tan e o u sly by G en e ral s Po p e an d Mc Kin stry in th e fron t by ,

G e n e ral s Sig e l an d L an e in th e re ar an d by G e n e ral A sb oth on th e e ast , ,

from th e F ay e t te vill e ro ad .

h J ck a d th d i l y l L gi l at
1 T e re a f Mi
son i m ta w h v b v d( t 2 p g
n e s o a d e s u re o sso u r e , s e a e o se r e no e ,
a e un er

P ic p t cti
r e s
‘
ro e on

pag 45
.

S 3 ee e .

G l A b th p t t G al F m t N 3 1 866
e n e ra s o
‘
s re o r o en er re on ,
ov .
, .

T h f ll w i g i
4 e c py f h i dd
o o S w ma
n s a Ms o A M Y ! Ag
o abl to od
s a thi re ss o s or r u n r srssrrrr R ree e r ers s

d y
a c iv d I tak l v f y
re e e ,
A lth gh a m y h b
e ea f
e o dd g w th w h v g w p t g th
ou . ou our r as e en o su en ro ,
e a e ro n u o e er,

an d I h v b a e fam ili w ith th b v d g

e c o n re S pi i t w hich y b i g t th d f f y c t y
ar e ra e an e n erou s r ou r n o e e e n se o ou r o un r ,

an d w hich m ak m a ticip at f y a b illi

es t ca e C ti a y h v b g
n e d giv t m y
or cc
ou r an re er . on n ue s ou a e e u n , an e o su e ssor

th am c
e s d i l d th i a tic pp t w ith w hich y h av c g d m E m l t th pl d i d x m pl
e or a an en us s su or ou e en ou ra e e . u a e e s en e a e

w hich y h v al ady b f y
ou a e d l tm m i
re I am p d f th bl a m y w hich I h d th f
e o re ou , an e e re a n , as ,
rou o e no e r a us a
r

l b d t b i g t g th S l d i ! I g t t l av y
a ore o r n o e M t i c ly I th k y f th ga d d
er. o e rs re re o e e ou . os s n e re an ou or e re r an con

fid e n ce
y h v i v a i bly h w t m I d p ly g t that I h all t h v th h
ou a e n r a s o t l
n d y t th
o e. ee re re s no a e e on or o ea ou o e

vict y w hich y
or j t ab t t w i ; b t I h all cl i m t h a w ith y i th j y f v y t i m ph a d
ou are us ou o n u s a o s re ou n e o o e er r u ,
n

t t al w y t b f at lly m mb d by m y c m p i i a m
rus a s o e r erna re e e re o an o n s n r s.
”

T h i t llig
5 c f thi d t m i ati f th c m m di g g al w t
e w i t “w a at c an
”
ro e an e e- n ess, s on e
n e en e o sy e er n on o e o n en e r ,

c m m icat d f m c m p t c m p a d th g t t th i a m p v il d E v y fi m i t d i g th
o un e ro a o a ,
n e re a e s en us s re a e . er ve n u es ur n e su e»

cee di g tw a d a h lf h
n o th w il dn t ch i g c l d b h a d f m m p ti f th a my a th i f m
a ou rs. e es ee r n ou e e r ro so e or on o e r s e n or a

ti w a i d t th v a i
on as c rr e gi m t A d z ba d at c p c d d t th h d q t a d
o e r o u s re en dd s. o en n s on e ro e e e o e ea -
uar ers n se ren a e

th G al C w d f ffi c g th d i f t f h i q t a d g t d h im w ith l d a d p l g d ch
e en e r . ro so o ers a ere n ro n o s uar ers, n ree e ou n ro on e eer

i g ; a d h d th battl
n n ,
cc d a c di g t a g m t th t p w l d h av f ght in th m t d t
a e e o urre c or n o rran e en s, e roo s ou e ou e os e er

m i d ma
”
ne n ner.
84 FREM O N T S REC EP TI O N ’
AT S T . L O UI S .

G e n eral Hu n t er arriv e d at h e ad q u art e rs at m id n igh t an d F rem on t afte r -

, ,

i n form i n g h im of th e p o siti on of affai rs l aid b efore h im al l h is pl an s T h e ,

.

o rd er fo r b attl e w as c o u n te rm an de d an d n i n e d ay s afte rw ar d
I
,

M aj or G en e ral H W Hall e ck w as app o i n t e d to th e c om m an d of -

. .

th e Mi ssou r i D e p artm en t .

O n th e m orn i n g of th e 4th F rem on t an d h is St aff l e ft th e ,

arm y f or St L ou i s T h e p arti n g w ith h is d e v ote d soldi e rs w as . .

“
v e ry t ou chin g an d h is re c epti on in St L ou i s w as an ,
.

”
15211
8 7

o v ati on lik e th at giv en to a vict or C ro w d s o f citi .

q
z e n s g ree t e d h im at th e rail w ay st ati on an d e sc ort e d
h im to h is h e ad u art ers A n im m en se t o rch light p ro c e ssi on -
.
-

p asse d th rou gh th e st re e t s th at n ight in h on or of h is arriv al

an d at an asse m bl ag e o f th e ci tiz e n s re so l u ti on s o f c o n fi d e n c e ,

an d sy m p athy an d an add re ss w e re ad o pt e d A fte rw ard h e , ,

.

w as p re sen t e d w i th an e l e g an t sw ord in t ok e n of p ro fou n d re

g ard w hich w as i n sc rib e d w ith th e se w ord s “ T o T H E PA T H
,

F I N D E R B Y T H E ME N o n T H E WE S T ”
,
.
3

D i sapp o i n t e d an d di sh e art e n e d th e N ati on al arm y c om ,

m e n c e d a re t ro g rad e m arch fro m Sp ri n gfi eld t ow ard St L o u i s .

at th e m i ddl e of N o v e m b e r fo ll o w e d by a l o n g t rai n o f v e hicl e s ,

fill e d with U n i o n re fu g e e s T h e w o m e n o f Sp ri n gfi e ld w h o h ad .
,

w e lc om e d Z agon y i an d th e U n i on m e n e v e ry w h e re th rou gh ou t ,

1 Pric e seem s n ott h av o e mo vd e h is arm yf ro m Pin vill e e , b ut h is s ou s c t p en e ra e t t d to th e f ron t of th e

N ati on al th ca d th l m
troo p s, an d us u se e a ar .

“T h G
2 al w a t h av b
e t h m by i
en e r i th m s i g ; b tth m a g m t f th t ai b i g i
o e ee n a o e n ne n e orn n u e na e en o e r n e n n

o th b a d th y w d l y d til
er n s, e ly th t h i th v i g B t p ti t c wd h d k pt th i w tch
e re e a e un n ear a ou r n e e en n . u a en ro s a e e r a

th gh th l g d y a d by ight i t w a a a f h ad i l l th p pac a d
ro u e on a ,
n n h Th d s se o e s n . a e o en s es ro u n ou r ouse . e oor

p t w g l d d a d th v y t p c v d w ith fl w — t chi g a d g a f l ff i g f m th G
os s e re ar an e ,
n e er s e s o e re o e rs ou n n r ce u o er n s ro e er

ma ns Chi a t a d d ahli
. n a- ith l at
s ers a d g l b q t f g a i m b ifi d th t c a d
n as, e ro se s n re u ar ou ue s o er n u s, e au t e e e n ran e n

p f m d th ai ; a d w h th G
er u e e l d i d m k h i w ay at l t th gh th mag ific t
r n en e m b l ag i t w a
e n e ra a e s as ro u e n en asse e, s

t b m t by th w i v
o e e a d chil d f th G m a
e fil es h h d l ft t Sp i gfi l d
n U k w t m th y
re n o e er n o ce rs e a e a r n e . n no n o e, e

h ad c m t p ak th i h a t t h im b t th y h d m
o e os e t a tha w d T ch d t th h t l d th
e r e r s o , u e a ore e rs n or s . ou e o e ear a re a y , e

G en eral w a t p p d f th a iv l f citiz —Am ica w ll a G m a —w h cam t tha k h im f

s no re are or e rr a o en s er n as e s er n o e o n or

p a t vic
s ser d a k t ta d by h im i th
e s, an h f di g c
s M a ti m th
o s n a i g ch d h t f n e ou r o s ra e . e n e, e un ce s n ee rs an s ou s o

th v a t c w d w ith
e s t
ro d d lik th ti d aft a high w i d I c l d t t d it ; I w t f p t th t p
ou sou n e e e e er n . ou no s an en ar u o e o

o f th h e a d i th
o u se ,c l d ight i t i d t till th c t d i g m ti w h I aw a ight th at add d t
n n e o n a r r e o s e on e n n e o on s, en s s e o

th th bbi g f m y h a t
e ro nFa d w th w i d av
o th i d c w d w as p a ti g it d k
e r . r tl m
o n e e e n ue e se rr e ro r n ,
s ar ,
res e ss asse s

gl w i g i th l i d wav i g t chlight l ki g lit lly lik w av ; a d p a i g th gh th m cam h

o n n e ur ,
er n or ,
oo n e ra e es n ss n rou e e orse

m t m p d w ith th pl d i d ig t f battl th i w d d h
e n, s a e e s a d b ll t t m
en if m b i gi g c i
s ne o e, e r oun e orse s n u e -
o un or s r n n r es

o f l v a d th k f m th
o e n f w h m th y h ad b
an s b ttl g Wh th y h lt d b f th d
ro ose or d th o e e en a in . en e a e e o re e oo r, an e

su dd i g a d fl a h f th i d aw b add d w b a ty t th pict I thi k ly th h t f a H m a

en r n n s o e r r n sa e rs e ne e u o e ure , n on e e ar o u n

c l d hav f il d t p d t th t th a d b a ty f th w h l
ou e a e o re s on W t th o m f eth ki g t
ru n e u o e o e sce n e . ere no e se en or e n o

d light t h ? Wh c l d h av f
e o on or w h t w a th ffi ci l o c g iti al ad y p p a i g f th m 7 “
ou e orese en a s e o a re o n on re re r n or e

M F m t i h S t y f th G
rs . re on ,
d p g 201
n er or o e u ar ,
a e .

F m t had l g b f b call d T P a thfi d b ca

re on on f hi w d f l xpl ti am g th
e ore ee n e he n er, e u se o s on er u e ora on s on e

R cky M tai
o T h bl ad
o un f th w dns w p
. t d t h im w a mad t S li g
e e o th R hi e s Th or no re se n e o s e a o n en, on e ne . e

s cabb d w f il v w ith a d ig
ar as o sit pp pa t f i ch i l gth I it c t w a b t f
e r, es n n e ar s u er r ,
our n es n en . n s en er s a us o

F m t c l pt d t f g l d i high li f w ith a ich b d f d i am d a d

re on s u ure ou o o ch i d a c lpt d
,
n re e , r or e r o on s, n on ea s e s u u re

fig ure f f m o I th a a f th hilt w
e . h ll w a ch d at th t p a t f m a ca py f a fig
n e re r o e f as a o o ,
r e e o so s o or no or ure o

A m ica t th f t f w hich i th m i d t f pp p i t
er , a e oo o d i g wa a m d lli f bl
,
n am l b a i g
e s o a ro r a e surrou n n s, s e a on o ue en e , e r n

th i iti l J C F i d iam
e n a s d T h c t f th w d w a
. . . n on s . e os o e s or s

Th ffi i l g iti
e o f d
c a by M F m t i i di t d i h f ll i g l g ph
reco n on re e rre to rs. re on s n ca e n t e o ow n e ectro ra s

5 L w M m N v m b 1 1 18 61
C mm di g i fl i t W h i g D C
1 . o s, u se u , o e er , .

Mi G a O en . B M C z on e : c L t LL AN , o an n n c as n ton ,
d m y B dy G
- -
.
; . .

I ld g d i
w ou fp
re ar l y dk d
t as m if y
an ac to ill d m i
e rson a ith m bj co u rt
es an in n ess to e, o uw or e r o - uar to re a n w e, su ec t to no

d
or e rs i th i d p n m b my
s e I i
art mp d f d t d d i llig t y g m
en t ut wh m h
ow n. t y d I m th t s co o se o e uca e an n te en ou n en , to o t e coun r an ow e ore an

l -id i my
th e us ua ce rt d dt h k
en d fil f h
t on acco r e
JCm
o t e ran
M O
an e o t e ar
. . , i
o - n .

Bl Qu a n n or 11 1 : Am Wu N ov 1 1 , 1861
Mai - G en . JC FR I I OH
u r- u , v,
n nvsror . .

Body G
. .

Bf e ore rece ivi

y ou r d ispa c h , I h ad g en
ng t iv i t ti h ns ru c on s he
t at t vl
ca a ry co rps , kn o w n as y our - u ard, sh ou ld b th w i di e o er se o

pon d of. i
O ffi cial n forma ion h ad reach ed th is t ity th m mb
c at e ers of th at bod yh ad at S i pr n gfi el d ex p ressed se n ti m t d i g th i
en s re n er n er
 NATI O NAL TR OO P S IN K EN T U C K Y .
85

th at regi on wh o h ad re c e iv e d F rem on t as a lib erat or d are d n ot rem ai n for , ,

th e y e xp e ct e d w h at re ally h app en e d th at G e n e ral Pric e w ou ld foll ow u p

, ,

th e re c e di n g arm y an d th e y w ou ld b e m ad e to su ff e r for th e i r l o y alty

, .

Pric e did fo ll ow w ith m ore th an fi ft ee n th ou san d m en in th re e c ol um n s ;

, ,

an d al l S ou th w e st ern Mi ssou ri b e l ow th e O sag e w as so on d e liv e re d i n t o th e

-

p ow er of th e C on f e d erat e s .

Wh en at th e p o in t of b e in g d e p riv e d of h is c om m an d F rem on t sen t an ,

o rd er to G e n e ral G ran t at C ai ro dire ct in g h im to m ak e som e c o— op e rati n g ,

m o v em en t s T h at offic e r as w e h av e ob se rv e d h ad t ak e n p osse ssi on of

.
, ,
“
Pad u c ah in K en t u cky o n h e ari n g of th e i n v asi on of th at St at e by
, ,

G e n eral Polk He h ad p ro c ee d e d to st re n gth en th e p ositi on by

.

c asti n g u p fortific ati on s th ere an d by ord e r of G en e ral F rem on t ,

an im m e n se p on t oon b ridg e w as th ro w n ac ross th e O hi o h alf a m il e b e l ow th e ,

P O N OO N B
T RI D G E AT P AD U CAH .

t ow n He al so se iz e d an d occ u pi e d S mithl an d n ot far from th e m ou th of th e

.
‘
,

C u m b e rl an d Riv e r an d th u s cl ose d tw o i m p ort an t g at e w ay s of su pply for th e

,

C on fe d e rat e s in th e i n t e ri or of K e n t u cky an d T e n n e ssee from th e O hi o , .

Wh en F re m on t s ord e r fo r co Op erati on re ach e d G ran t an d w as foll ow e d

’
-

“
,

th e n e xt day by a di sp atch sayi n g J eff:T h om p son is at I n dian b , ,

N 2 ov
F ord of th e St F ran coi s Riv e r t w e n ty fi v e m il es b e l ow G reen
. .

-
.
,

vill e w ith ab ou t th ree th ou san d m e n an d C ol on e l C arli n h as st art e d

, ,

w ith a forc e from Pil ot K n ob ; se n d a forc e from C ap e Gi rard e au an d

”
Bi rd s P oi n t to assi st C arli n in d riv in g T h om p son i n t o A rk an sas h e w as
’
, ,

ready to m ov e q u ickly an d e ff e ctiv e ly G ran t h ad al re ady sen t C ol on e l .

i Ap t b i d g i a p t bl t ct m d t fl at b t hap d b y a d d by a a m
o n oo n r e s or a it
e s ru u re a e o o on oa -
s e uo s, n u se n r y on s

ma ch f th p p
r or of c
e i g iv w h b i dg m y h av b d t y d a f d bl iv m ad
ur o se ross n r ers e re r es a e e en e s ro e ,
or or a e r er e

i m pa abl by ai
ss e Th m r m d nsb t. d f th p p a m ad f v lca iz d i d i bb a d
e ore o ern oa s u se or e ur o se re e o u n e n e - ru er, n

c i t f cyli d p k d at ch d
ons s o n e rs t ff v y littl
ea e i ta c t a c t
ea en ,
so as o o er er e re s s n e o urre n .

Th iv at Pad cah i
e r er f t ac Th b i d g w a c
u t ct d f c l ba g t gly b ac d t
s ee ross. e r e s o n s ru e o oa -
r e s, s ron r e o

g th a d th wi c
e e r, n o ct d by t tl w k pl a k d v Itwa capabl f b a i g th h vi t d a c
er se on n e e re s e- or n e o er. s e o e r n e ea es or n n e

a d th
n a d
o us n f m s o en .

con tin uan c e i h vi f d b f l p di y With v y d i g tify y wi h I d

n t e se r ce o ou t u ex e tly h w I ilt y enc . e er e s re to ra our s es, o n ot se e e xac o c an v o a e ev er

l
ru e o f m il it y p p i ty
ar Pi ply
ro re . ou s re .

G 1 0, 11 Mcc n n u mx Com its- Ch ief

. 0

G en era l Fr m t t i d t fi d tw h t w h ff iv tim t th t h d b
e on re o n oup d b m mb
a f hi G
ered hi h h d
t e o en s e se n en s a a een ex resse y e ers o s u ar ,
w c a
cause d th i h sh mi l
ars ti t d th m ; b t h i pp l i i f
o c a ac on id ti f th i
o w ar i ed th t h t th migh t b di
u to s s cs t on or s reco ns era on o e r case, n or er a t e ru e s

co v e re d G l M C l ll m d
e n e ra c
pl y
e Th G dan m t d f v h
a e n o re 8 h f N v mb 861 I i id h t h
e u ar w as us ere o ut o se r ic e on t e 2 t o o e e r, 1 t s sa t a t e

ti m t ll d d t w th f F m t m ip ti p l m ti I w w ll k w th t m f h G d
, . .

’
odsns v s i se n en s a u e o ere ose o re on
’
s e an c a on roc a a on. t as e no n a so e o t e uar

tp k g l v y t m wh g i t h G v
w srs ou h
s o en a ain st t e s a e s s e h d mm d th w m t t
pp t , ose su or ers a co en ce e ar a a ns e o ern en .
 EX P EDITI O N D O WN T HE MI S SI S SI PPI .

O gl e sby C om m e rc e an d Sik e st on to p u rsu e Th o mp so n in c onj u n cti on w ith

to ,

som e t roop s from I ron to n an d h ad b e en i n fo rm e d th at P o lk w as se n di n g ,

re e n forc e m en t s to P ric e from C o l u m b u s

- I n thi s sit u ati on of affai rs b e .
,

d et erm i n e d to th re at en C ol um b u s by att acki n g B e lm é n t a littl e v ill ag e an d ,

l an din g pl ac e on th e Mi ssouri sh ore opp osit e an d b re ak u p th e c on n e cti on

-
,
’
b et w een Polk an d Pric e O gl e sby s forc e w as d e fl e ct e d t ow ard N e w M ad rid
.
,

an d C o l on e l W . HL . . Wall ace ,

of Il li n oi s ,
w as se n t from
O H I O

C airo to re e n forc e h im Th e -
.

m o v e m e n t o n B e l m o n t w o u ld
k ee p P ol k from i n t e rfe ri n g
w ith G ran t s t ro o p s in p u rsu it
’

o f T h om p son .

G e n e ral Ch arl e s F S m i th .
,

a so ldi e r o f rare q u ali ti e s w as ,

n o w in c o m m an d at P ad u c ah .

G ran t re q u e st e d h im to m ak e
a d em o n st rati on t ow ard C o

l um b u s to att ract th e att e n ,

ti on o f P o lk an d at th e sam e ,

t im e h e se n t a forc e d ow n th e
K e n t u cky sh o re to E l l ic o t t s
’

F OF G N S BE MO N
IE L D U PL BA T IO NS A AI T L T .

Mill s ab ou t t w e lv e m il e s ,

ab o v e C o l u m b u s Wh en th e se d e c e ptiv e m ov e m e n t s w ere p u t in
.

“
o pe rati on G ran t w en t d ow n th e Mi ssi ssippi from C ai ro w ith
, ,
’
ab o u t th re e th ou san d t roop s m ostly Illi n o i s V o l u n t e e rs in fo u r , ,

st e am t ran sp ort s c on v oy e d by th e w oo d en g u n b o at s I fyler an d L ex in gton

, ,

c om m an d e d re sp e ctiv e ly by C apt ai n s Walk e an d S te m b l e T h e y l ay at .

I sl an d N o l e l e v en m il e s ab ov e C ol um b u s th at n ight T h e re G ran t re c e iv e d
.
, ,
.

i n form ati on th at P olk w as se n di n g t roop s ac ross to B e l m on t to c u t off C ol o ,

n el O gl esby At d awn th e n e xt m orn i n g h e p re sse d fo rw ard an d l an d e d

.
,

h is fo rc e s at Hu n t er s P oi nt o n th e Mi ssou ri sh ore th ree m il e s ab o v e B el

’
, ,

m on t w h ere a b att ali on w as l e ft to g u ard th e t ran sp ort s from an att ack by

,

l an d w hil st th e rem ai n d er p u sh e d on an d form e d a li n e o f b attl e tw o m il e s

,

from th e vill age I n th e m e an ti m e th e g u n b oat s h ad m o v e d d ow n an d

.
,

o p e n e d fi re u p on th e C on fe d e ra
'

t e b atte rie s on th e I ro n B an k s a sh ort dist an c e ,

ab ov e C o l u m b u s o n th e K e n t u cky sh o re an d tw o h u n d re d fe e t ab o v e th e
, ,

riv e r w h e re t w e n ty h e avy g u n s w e re pl an te d
,
C o l on e l F ou ke t ook c om m an d .

of th e c en t er of th e att ackin g c o l um n C o l on e l B u ford o f th e right an d C o l on e l ,

,

L og an o f th e l e ft Polk w as su rp ri se d He w as l ookin g f or an att ack o n ly in th e

.

re ar fo r G e n eral S m ith w as th re at en in g h im at Ma fi e l d H e ato n c e sen t o v e r

, y .

th ree re gi m en t s u n d er G en eral Pill ow to re e n forc e th e re gi m en t s of R u sse ll

, ,
-

an d T app en (th e form e r acti n g as b rig ad e c om m an d er th en h o ldin g B e l m on t

) ,
.

itd
h pa t f G c Jh B igad c m p d f th T w ty v th
-

{ T of a e n e ral A McCl crn an d s

’
ese on s s e r o o n . r e, o o se o e en -
se en ,

T h i ti th
r d T hi ty fi t I lli
e ,
an i c m m d d p ctiv ly by C l l N B B f d P hilip B F k
r -
rs n o s, od an e re s e e o on e s . . u or ,
. ou e , an

J h A L ga ; a d a c m pa y f c v l y l d by Captai J J D lli
o n . o n n o T th nw add d th c m p y
o a ar e n . o n s. o e se e re e an o er o an

o f cav l y d L i t a t J R C tli a d Captai E z a T yl Chicag L ight A till y f i pi c

a r un er eu e n n . . ad n. n n r a or s
'
o r er o s x e es an

1 14 m l l I lli
en, a i V l t rs Al th T w ty c d Illi i C l l H D ugh ty a d th S v th
no s o u n ee . so e en se o n
-
n o s, o on e . o er , n e e en

I wa C l
o , l La m a
o on e u n.
 BATTLE OF B EL M ONT .
87

G ran t m ov e d forw ard with D olli n s c av al ry sc o u ri n g th e w oo d s to th e ,

’

right an d d e pl o y in g h is w h ol e forc e as skirmi sh ers h e fo u gh t fro m t re e to

, , ,

t ree an d d rov e b ack th e foe to th ei r i n t ren ch e d c am p w hich w as p rot e c te d

, ,

by a st rong a batis of sl ash e d

t re e s B e hi n d th e se opp osi n g
.
l
,

G ran t s l eft l ay th e T hi rt e e n th
’
,

A rk an sas an d N i n th T e n n e sse e ;
an d opp o sit e h is l e ft w as a b at

te ry of se v en g u n s c om m an d e d ,

by C o l o n e l B e ltzh oov e r an d ,

C ol on e l VVrigh t s T en n e ssee re gi ’

m en t Ag ai n st th e se th e N ati on
.

al s ch arg e d o v e r th e fall e n ti m b e r ,

c apt u re d th e b att e ry an d d rov e ,

th e C on fe d e rat e s b ack ac ro ss th e
l ow l e v e l g rou n d to th e riv e r ,

an d som e o f th e m to th e ir b o at s .

I n thi s m o v e m en t Pill ow s li n e ’

w as b rok e n i n t o a c on fu se d m ass
of m e n T h e p ow d er of th e C on
.

fe d e rat e s w as n e arl y e xh au st e d .

T h e vict ory w as c om pl e t e ; b u t
th e g ro u n d b e i n g c o m m an d e d by
th e h e av y g u n s o n th e bl u ff s at
B E O F BE MON A TT L L T.
an d n e ar C o l u m b u s it w as u m ,

t en abl e T h e vict ors g av e th ree ch e e rs for th e Un i on se t fi re to th e C on fe d

.
,

e rate c am p
(h avi n g n o w ag on s in w hich to c arry aw ay p rop e rty
) an d fe ll , ,

b ack w ith c apt u re d m e n h orse s an d artill e ry t ow ard th e i r l an di n g pl ac e , , ,

-

in th e m o rn i n g .

Po lk d e t e rm i n e d n ot to all ow G ran t to e sc ap e w ith h is vict ory an d b ooty .

He op e n e d u p on h im w ith som e of h is h e avi e st g u n s an d se n t G en e ral Ch e at ,

h am w ith th re e re gi m e n t s to c ross th e riv e r ab o v e an d l an d b e t w ee n G ran t ,

an d h is fl o till a At th e sam e ti m e th e chi e f c rosse d at th e h ead of tw o

.
,

re gi m e n t s to aid Pill ow in h is ch ase o f th e N ati o n al s T h e C on fe d e rat e s .

,

n o w w e re n o t l e ss th an fi v e th o u san d st ron g an d p re ssi n g h ard T h e re w as ,

.

d esp erat e fighti n g for a sh ort ti m e; G ran t p u sh e d o n in g o o d ord e r t ow ard

h is l an di n g pl ac e u n d e r fi re of th e C on fe d e rat e b att e ri e s on th e I ron B an k s
-

, ,

t u rn i n g on c e to p u n i sh se v e re ly som e of Ch e ath am s t roop s on h is fl an k an d ’

,
’
o n c e ag ai n to se n d b ack in con fu si on som e o f Pill ow s m e n u n d e r C o l on e l ,

M ark s w h o h ad e n d e av ore d to c u th im off from h is b o at s He fi n ally re ach e d

,
.

h is l an di n g pl ac e an d e m b ark e d after su ff eri n g se v e re ly

-

,
Th e fight h ad b e en ,
.

g all an t on b oth sid e s Th e gu n b oat s h ad p erform e d m ost e ffi ci en t servic e in

’
.
-

1 A ba t
/ie is F ch w d f w
a ren or or ro s of f ll d t
e e h vi g th i m ll b ch
ree s, t d a d th l g
a n e rs a er ran e s cu c
’
n e ar e r on e s

h p d a
s ar e ne , w n d pl c d w ith th i
a e d t e r en s o ard th app ch f a il t ith i f t f a f t
e ro a o i t ch d
ssa an s, e er n ron o or or an n re n e

cam p S m ti m th m ll b ch a
. o e es e s a er ran es re l ft a d i t t wi d t m k it xt m ly d i ffic lt t p
e , n so n er ne as o a e e re e u o en e

t at th m a xc pti g by ca
r e e b ll ss, e e n n n on - a s.

I ag
3 l d N sth G
n l G t ai d I th a b
e n e ra or e r, ov .
,
en e ra ran s s e en my f t
or u n e b ttl to h v b
a e een in all th e a es

f ght i M xic by G
ou nl Sc tt a d T ayl av B
e o Vi ta e n e ra s o n or, s e u en a s , an dI ne w v m h tly c t t d
er sa on e ore o on es e ,

or wh t p b h av d w ith m gall a t y I h i p t th
ere roo s e e ore n r .
”
n s re or on e 1 2th h p k i high t t m f G
,
e s o l e n es er s o e n era

M Clc a d a b i g i th
e rn n m i d t f da g th gh t th g g
,
s e n n e s o n er rou ou e en a e m t d i pl yi g c l
en , a d j dg m
s a t n o o n e ss n u en
88 T HE C O NFEDERATES UNEAS Y .

en g agi n g C on fe d erat e b att e ri e s p rot e ctin g th e t ran sp ort s an d c ov eri n g

th e , ,

th e re em b ark ati on -
In d ee d to C apt ai n s Walk e an d Ste m b l e wh o m an ag e d
.
, ,

th ei r c raft w ith th e g re at e st skill an d e ffi ci e n cy th e c ou n t ry w as m o stly ia ,

d ebt e d for th e salv ati on of th at littl e arm y from d e st ru cti on or c apt u re l At .

fi v e o cl o ck in th e aft e rn oon th e fl o till a w ith th e e n ti re forc e w as on its w ay

’
, , ,

b ack to C ai ro c arryi n g aw ay tw o of Be l tz h oove r s h e avy g u n s th e oth ers

,
’
,
’
h av in g b e en re c apt u re d G ran t h ad l ost fo u r h u n d re d an d e ighty fi v e m en .
-

,
3
an d P o lk six h u n d re d an d thi rty tw o C ot e m p orari e s an d eye w it n esse s on -
.
-

b oth sid e s re l at e d m an y d ee d s of sp e ci al d ari n g by i n divid u al s .

T h e re p u l se of G ran t did n ot re li e v e th e C o n fe d e rat e s of a sen se of

i m p en di n g g reat d an g er for i n t e llig e n c e w as c on ti n u ally re achi n g C o l u m .

b u s o f th e i n c re ase of N ati o n al forc e s on th e O hi o b ord e r G en e ral M an sfi e ld .

L o v e ll th e n in c om m an d at N e w O rl e an s w as so licit e d to se n d u p re en
, ,
-

forc em e n t s ; an d G o v e rn or Pe tt u s of Mi ssi ssippi an d G o v ern or R e ct or of , , ,

Ark an sas w e re i m pl o re d for ai d B u t th e se m e n p e rc e iv e d th e p e ril th re at

,
.

e n e d by th e l an d an d w at e r c am p aig n c om m an d e d by F re m on t w hich e v e n t s ,

h ad su ffi ci e n tly d e v e l op e d to m ak e it fu lly su sp e ct e d by th e C on fe d e rat es ,

an d th e y d are d n o t S p are a m an L o v e ll an sw e re d th at h e h ad n o m ore t roop s .

th an w e re n e c e ssary to d e fe n d N e w O rl e an s w hil st b oth Pe tt u s an d R e ct or ,

c on sid ere d th e m se lv e s d efici en t in st re n gth fo r th e e xp e ct e d c on fi ic t G ov ‘

.

e rn o r Harri s o f T e n n e sse e w as u rg e d to i n c re ase h is e ff o rt s in , ,

rai si n g v o l u n t ee rs
“
He h ad t e l e g raph e d to Pill ow sayi n g : I “ .
,

c on g rat u l at e y ou an d ou r g all an t v o l u n t e e rs u p on th e i r bl oo dy
b u t b ri lli an t an d gl ori ou s v ict o ry an d a w e e k l at er h e add e d
“ I am or ,

a n iz in as a pidly a s p ssibl e thi rt y th o u san d v o l u n t e e rs an d m iliti a

g g r o
, , ,
”
arm e d w ith c ou n t ry g u n s T h e h op e th u s h e ld ou t w as fall aci ou s f o r n e arly .
,

al l th e t ro op s th at Harri s c o u ld th e n m u st e r by fo rc e o r p e rsu asi on w e re so on , ,

n ee d e d in th e in t eri or of h is St at e in k e e pi n g in ch e ck th e L o y ali st s of E ast ,

an d h avi g h ad h i h n h t th ti m s G t h sw a al h t d h im C l l D gh ty f th
orse s o ree e . ran
'
s orse s so s o un er . o on e ou er ,
o e

T w ty en c d I lli i w a th tim w d d a d fi ally tak p i

-
se o n n o s, M j M Cl k
s ree f th T hi es ou n e ,
n n en r son e r. a or c ur en, o e r

ti th I lli
e i a d C l l La m
n o s, f th S v th I w a w b d ly w d d Am g th kill d w C l l
n o one u an , o e e en o , e re a ou n e . on e e ere o o ne

W tz f th S v th I w a C pt i B la ki d M a kl a d L i t
en , o e e en ot D gh ty T h T w ty c d
, a a ns ro s an r e, n e u e n an ou er . e en -
se on

I lli i l t 23 kill d a d 74 w
no s os d d ; a d th S v th I wa h ad 26 kill d a d 80 w d d i cl d i g
e n o un e ly n e e en o e n ou n e , n u n n e ar

all f it fi l d ffi c
o s Th l e f p p ty w o ti m t d t25 bagg w ag 1 00 h
e rs. e o ss o v c at a d ro er as e s a e a ag e on s, orses, o er o s, n

bl k t O m a w as k ill d a d tw w d d th g b at
an e s . ne n e n o ou n e on e un o s

Am g th C f d at k ill d w C l l J h V W ight f th T hi t th T
on e on e er es a d M aj
e B t as o on e o n .
'

r , o e r ee n en n e sse e , n or u

l
er, o f th E l v th L i i a W ight w a a D m c tic C g m a a d i ti m t f i d f C l l P hilip
e e en ou s an . r s e o ra on ress n, n an n a e r en o o on e

B F k f th I lli i V l t
. ou e, o
“Wh th y p t d atth cl
e no s f th i f 1 860
o u n e e rs. ay M G l y en e ar e e ose o e sess o n o s s r re e e
.
,

( A m i ca C fl i t i
er W ight i d t h i f i d P hil I xp ct th
n on c ,
. xt ti m w m t it w ill b
r thsa o s r en , , e e e ne e e ee e on e

battl fi l d T h i xt m ti g w i thi bl dy t ggl

e- e .
’
e r ne ee n as n s oo s ru e .
”

A ft
1 th t p t h ad d p t d f m b f C l m b a d g
er e ran s or s m d i ta c p th iv f ll w d by
e ar e ro e o re o u u s, n on e so e s n e u e r e r, o o e

th g e b t Capt i Walk w a i f m d th t m f th t p h ad b l ft b hi d H t d w ith th

un o a s, a n e s n or e a so e o e ro o s ee n e e n . e re urn e e

Ty l a d m t d tach d p a ti
er, n al g th b k H cc d d i
e e e c i g ly all f th t aggl f m
r es on e an s . e su ee e n re s u n n ear o e s r ers ro

c pt
a u re.

E ighty fi k ill d 801 w d d a d 99 m i i g G al P ill w w h p f m a c

-
ve e , thi cca i
ou n e , n ss n . en er o ,
ose e r or n e s on s o s on

we re th l a t c d it bl
e with h i
e s l b m b t a d x agg ati
re a p k i h i p t f h i m ll Sp ta
e, s u sua o as n e er on s, s o e n s re or o s s a ar n

ar m y w ith ta d i g th c
”
ta t fi f th ti m th i m b f f h
s n n e — P lla d F i t Y a
on s n
f th re o re e es e r nu er or ou r ou rs o r
'
s rs e r o e
War ,
203 .

3 Offici G t d P lk d th i b d i t ffic ; p i v t l tt f G
al re p t or s of ran l G t t hi an o , an e r su or na e o e rs r a e e er o en e ra ran o s
f th N 8th 1 801 ; G t R vi d R p t J 26 h 1 865 ; P ll d F i t Y f th W T h l tt ’ ’
a e r, ov .
,
ran s e se e or , un e t , o ar s rs ea r o e ar . e a er

giv th C f d t l
es e it i b v c d d MS R p t f A cti g B ig d i G
on e e ra e o ss l R M R
as ll s a o e re o r e . . e or s o n r a er- en era . . usse ,

Nov 9 . d f C l, an l E R ick tt J o d T H B ll N 1 1 1 861

o on e s . e s, r .
,
an . . e ,
o v. , .

A littl l t Gv P tt ch g d h i vi w
e d i
a er , p ci l m g t th Mi i ippi L gi l t
o ern o r e us an e s e s, an n a s e a essa e o e ss ss e s a ure,

gg t d t th t b dy th p p i t f d i g ch t p c l d “b i m m d i t ly i d d m d t
,

he su es e o a o e ro r e y o se n n su roo s as ou e e a e ra se an ar e ,
o

i t i th d f
ass s n f th i m p t t p t f C l m b
e I d m th
e en se o f ty f p itie df c tC l m or an os o o u u s. ee e sa e o ou r os on an or e s a o u

bu s as of ch vit l im p t c t thi St t h i d “a t cl i m th p mpt d d i iv cti f l l th

su a or an e o s a e,
”
e sa , s o a e ro an ec s e a on o a e
Stat e au th iti or e s. "
 K EN T U C K Y IN VADED BY Z OLLI C O FFER .
89

T e nn e sse e ; in idin g Z ol l ic ofl e r in his in v asi on

'

a S ou th east ern K en t u cky of

,

al re ady all u d e d to an d in su pp o rtin g B u ckn er in h is t re aso n abl e o p e rati on s

in h is n ativ e St at e Z oll icofl e r h ad adv an c e d to B arb ou rsvill e th e c apit al

'

.
,

of K n o x C o u n ty so e arly as th e l gth o f S e pt e m b e r w h e re h e di sp e rse d an

, ,

arm e d b an d of K e n t u cky U n i on i st s an d c apt u re d th e ir c am p He p ro , .

cl aim e d p e ac e an d se c u rity in p erson an d p rop e rty for al l K e n t u cki an s e x ,

ce tin th o se w h o sh ou ld b e fo u n d in arm s for th e Union b t h i ldi

p g ; u s so ers

c ou ld n o t b e re st rain e d an d th e i n h abit an t s of th at re gi on w ere m erc il e ssly ,

pl u n d e re d by th em .

Z o l licofl e r s i n v asi on arou se d th e U n i on i st s of E ast e rn K e n t u cky an d

'
’

th e y fl e w to arm s A l arg e n u m b e r of th e m w e re m a ste rin g an d org an izi n g

.

u n d e r C o l o n e l G arrard a pl ain e arn e st an d l o y al K e n t u cki an at a p o in t , , , ,

am o n g th e R o ck C astl e Hill s kn o wn as C am p Wild C at It w as in a m ost .

pict u re sq u e re gi on of on e of th e sp u rs of th e C u m b e rl an d M ou n t ai n s on th e ,

di ct d f m m
C b l d G h “ ”
re r o a ro u e r an a p t o w ar d t e ich bl u e g rass re gi on of
r -

K e n t u cky U p on thi s c am p Zollic ofl er adv an c e d o n th e 1 8 th of O ct ob er

'

.
,

wi th se v e n re gi m e n t s an d a light b att e ry Wh e n i n t e llig en c e of h is ap .

p roach w as re c e iv e d C ol on e l G arrard h ad on ly ab ou t six h u n dre d eff e ctiv e

,

m e n to Opp ose h im O th ers in suflic ie n t n u m b ers to i n su re a su cc essfu l re

.

sistan ce w e re to o re m o t e to b e av ail abl e for th e i n v ad er m o v e d sw iftly

, ,

sw oo pi n g d o w n fro m th e m ou n t ai n s lik e an e agl e o n its p re y .

Y e t w h e n h e c am e o n th e m o rn i n g o f th e Qi st h e fou n d at
, ,
‘

C am p Wild C at b e sid e s G arrard s th ree regi m en t s a p art of ,

’
,

C ol on e l C ob u rn s T hirty thi rd I n di an a an d C o l on e l C on n e ll s S e v en
’
-

,
’

te e n th O hi o re gi m e n t s an d tw o h u n d re d an d fi fty K e n t u cky c av al ry u n d er
, ,

C o l on e l Woolfo rd re ady to re si st h im With th e l att e r c am e G en e ral

,
.

Sch oe pf an offi c e r of fore ig n birth an d m ilit ary e d uc ati on w h o assu m e d th e

, ,

chi e f c om m an d .

T h e p o si ti on of th e U n i on i st s w as st ro n g Z ol l ic ofl e r w ith h is T e n n es
'

se an s an d a b o dy o f Mi ssi ssippi
“ Tig ers ”
b o ldly att ack e d th em an d w as ,

t w ic e re p u l se d T h e fi rs t att ack w as in th e m orn i n g th e se c on d in th e after

.
,

n oo n T he l att er w as fi n al
. T h e c on te st s h ad b een v ery sh arp an d th e .
,

l att e r w as d e ci siv e T h e c am p— fi re s of Z ol l icofl e r s in v ad ers w e re se en th at

'
’
.

e v e n i n g in a sw e e t littl e v all e y tw o o r th re e m il es aw ay from th e b attl e

g ro u n d P rom ptly an d e ffici e n tl y h ad G arrard s c all fo r h e lp b een re sp on d e d

.
’

’
to fo r t o w ard th e cl o se o f th e se c on d att ack a p o rti on of C o l on e l S te adm an s
,

F o u rt e e n th O hi o al so c am e u p on th e fi e ld to aid th e K e n t u cki an s In di an i an s , ,

an d O h io ian s al re ady th e re ; an d w h e n th e i n vad ers h ad w ithd raw n oth e rs

w e re se en d raggin g c an n on w e aril y u p th e hill f or th e d e fe n se of C am p Wil d

,

C at .

A littl e l at e r a t ri al of t t gy
s ra e an d s ki ll o cc u rre d in th e m ost e as ern t

1
lik P lk m ad c sity th p t xt f c i g th
l
Z ol c ofi er ,
i '
e o t lity f K t cky O th 1 4th
, e ne es e re e or s orn n e n eu ra o en u . n e

o f S pt m b
e h t l g ph d t G v
e er eM g fii i f m i g h im f h i cc pati
e e ra e f th o m tai a g
o ern or a o n, n or n o s o u on o re e ou n n r n es

i K
n t cky b ca it w a vid t th t th U i i t i E a t K t cky w ab t t i vad Ea t T
en u , e u se s e en a e n on s s n s e rn en u ere ou o n e s en

h t
e sse e ,d t y g t il y a d it b i d g H ai d p l g tic lly th at h had d l y d th t p
t
oh a
es row e re a r aa
“ n s r e s. e s a o o e a e e a e re
, ,

ca ti a y m v m t
u on r til it w a vid t th t “th d p tic G v m t at Wa hi gt h ad d t m i d
o e en ,
”
un s e en a e es o o e rn en s n on e er ne

t
o su bj gat fi t K t cky a d th T
u e rs wh m h
en u ga d d a t w i i t With th l d pl a f th
n en e n n e sse e , o e re r e s n s s e rs. e o e o e

u nr ight that “th d j tifi th m

eo us, h d cl a d th at h
e en f l t a “ ligi us p ct f K tu cky .
es e e an s,
”
e e re e e re ou s re s e or en
’

neu rt ali ty d w l d c ti t f l i t l g a th af ty f th C f d t ca w l d p m i t H
”
,
an ou on n ue o ee , so on s e s e o e on e e ra e use ou er . o

i
s su e d a d at th am ti m se tti g f th that h t d K t cky t d f d “th soi l of a sist State
n or e r e s e e, n or e e n e re en u o e en e er

agai t an in v ad i g f
ns n oe .
”
 BAT TLE O F PI KET O N K ENT U C K Y ,
.

p orti on o f K e n t u cky b et w e en ab ou t th ree th ou san d l oy ali st s u n d e r G en eral

, ,

Willi am N e lso n an d a littl e m ore th an a th ou san d i n su rg en ts u n de r C ol on e l

, ,

J oh n S Willi am s Th e l att er w ere . .

at Pik e t on th e c apit al of Pik e ,

C ou n ty an d w e re m arch e d ag ain st ,

by G en e ral N e l son s forc e from Pres - ’

ton b u rg on th e Big S an dy ,
“
Riv e r He sen t C ol on e l .

Sill w ith n e arly on e h alf ,

-

o f th at forc e
1
to m arch by w ay of ,

J oh n s C re ek to g ai n th e re ar of Wil ’

li am s at Pik e t o n w hil st w i th th e re ,

m ain de r h e sh ou l d m o v e fo rw ard an d
at tack h is fron t so b ri n gi n g h im b e ,

t w e e n tw o fi re s an d c om p e lli n g h im ,

to su rre n d e r S om e on e c o u n ti n g .
,

p ositiv e ly on su cc e ss t el e g raph e d to
M N E SO N
,
W
Washi n gt on th at thi s re su lt h ad b e e n
I LLI A L .

acc om pli sh e d an d th at a th o u san d p ri so n e rs h ad su rre n d e re d

,
T h e w h ol e .

c ou n t ry w as th rill e d by th e g o od n e w s for it seem e d as if a w ay w as ab ou t ,

to b e Op e n e d f o r th e re li e f an d th e arm i n g o f th e su ff e ri n g l o y ali st s in E ast

T e n n e sse e .

T ru th t old a di ff e ren t st o ry N e l son h ad m o v e d on th e 9 th with h is

so on .

m ai n c o l u m n di re ctly t o w ard Pik e vill e t w e n ty e ight m il e s di st an t a b at

’ -
, ,

t ali on of K en t u cky v o l u n t e ers u n d e r C o l on e l C A M arsh all in adv an c e ,

. .
,
.

T h e y m e t pick e t g u ard s e ight m il es from th at vill ag e Th e road n o w l ay al on g

-
.

a n arr ow sh e lf c u t in a high m o u n t ai n sid e e n di n g in a st ee p ridg e at Ivy ,

C reek w hich b en t aro u n d it T h ere l ay th e C on fe d e rat e s in am b u sh an d

,
.
,

did n ot fi re u n til M arsh all s b att ali on w as cl ose u p on th e m T h en a v o ll e y ’

.

w as p ou re d u p on h is m e n an d a sh arp ski rm i sh e n su e d C on fe d e rat e s on th e

,
.

o pp o sit e sid e o f th e c re e k j o i n e d in th e att ack ; b u t aft e r a c on t e st o f al m o st ,

an h ou r an d a h alf al l th e i n su rg e n t s fl e d l e av i n g thi rty of th e i r c o m rad es

, ,

d e ad on th e fi e ld Ho w m u ch g reat e r w as th e i r l o ss w as n ot asc e rt ai n e d
. .

N e l son s l oss w as six kill e d an d t w en ty fou r w ou n d e d He did n ot p u rsu e

’
-
.

far an d as h e h ad n o c av al ry Willi am s e sc ap e d
, ,
T h e l att e r w as too w atch ,
.

f u l an d di sc re e t to b e c au ght in th e t rap l aid f or h im by N e l son S ee i n g h is .

d an g e r h e fl e d to th e fast n esse s of th e m ou n t ai n s at Pou n d G ap c arryi n g

, ,

with h im a l arg e am ou n t o f c attl e an d oth er sp o il s .

G e n eral N e l son e n t e re d Pik e vill e on th e l oth w h ere h e fou n d C ol on e l ,

Sill an d h is di v i si on w h o aft e r fighti n g on th e w ay h ad arriv e d th e p revi ou s

, , ,

e v e n i n g an d giv e n Will iam s s t roo p s a f e w sh o t an d sh e ll w h e n th e y d e p art e d

’
,
.

O n th e sam e day N e l son h ad th e p l e asu re o f sayi n g to h is t roop s in an ord e r

'

issu e d from C am p Hop e l ess Ch ase th at In a c am p aig n of t w e n ty d ay s

”
, ,

1 S iil thi cc i w th T hi ty thi d O hi (h i w gi m t) a ligh t b attali

'
s t roo p s for s o as on d Mj ere e r -
r o s o n re en , on , u n er a or

Hart c m p
, d f p ti f th S c d T hi ty thi d a d F ifty i th O hi d tw K t cky c m pa i ;
o o se o or on s o e e on ,
r -
r ,
n -
n n o, an o en u o n es on e

h d d a d f ty tw m t d m m tly t m t c m m d d by C l l M t alt; thi ty i v l t

un re n or -
o ou n e e n. os ea s e rs, o an e o on e e c
'
r -
s x o un e e rs,

und C l l A pp
er o on e a d a cti f till y (tw i fl d 6—p d ) d C l l R h V ch
e rson , n se on o ar er o r e oun e rs , un er o on e o er a er .

T hi w a c m p sd f th g t p ti f th S c d T w ty fi t a d F ifty i th O hi V l t
s o ose o e rea e r or on s o e e on , en -
rs , n -
n n o o un eers,

und C l l Ha i N t a d T fl :a b tt li f K t cky v l t
er o on e s rr s, c mma d d by C l l C A
or on , n y
’
e a a on o en u o un e ers, o n e o one . .

Ma h al l a d tw secti
rs , f a till y i cha g
n o f C apta i K klon s o r er , n r e o n on e.
 RES ULT S O F A FALSE ALARM .
91

ou h av e d riv en th e re b e l s from East ern K en t u cky an d giv en re p ose to th at

y ,

p orti on of th e St at e ”
He all u d e d to th eir p riv ati on s an d th en said : F or
.
,

y ou r c on st an cy an d c ourag e I th an k y ou an d w ith th e q u aliti e s w hich y ou

, , ,
”
h av e sh ow n th at y ou p ossess I e xp e ct g re at thi n g s from y ou in th e fu t u re
, .

T h e E ast T e n n essee p at ri ot s w ere c om p e ll e d to w ait an d suff er l on g er .

B right h op e s h ad b e en e xcit e d am on g th em by th e re p u l se of Z ol lic ofl er at

'

C am p Wild C at; an d m an y from th e g re at v all e y b e t w e en th e All egh en y

-

an d C u m b e rl an d ran g es h ad m ad e th e ir w ay to th e c am p s o f th e U n i o n i st s
,

in K en t u cky fu lly p e rsu ad e d th at th e y w ou ld so on re t u rn with a vict ori ou s

,

h o st as lib erat ors of East T e n n e ssee It m ight h av e b een so h ad n ot G e n

.
,

e ral Sch oe pf b een d e c e iv e d by fal se re p o rt s c on c ern i n g th e st re n gth of th e

i n su rg en t s at th e m ou n t ain g ap s an d th e m ov e m en t s of oth ers w h o w ere

,

o cc u pyi n g B ow li n g G re en in th e h e art of K en t u cky u n d e r G en e ral B u ck

, ,

n e r an d w h o at th at ti m e w e re too w e ak to m ak e an agg re ssi o n s St artl e d

, y .

by a re p ort th at a l arg e forc e from B ow li n g G re e n w as m archi n g to st rik e

h is fl an k Sch oe pf fe ll b ack h astily t ow ard th e O hi o m aki n g tw o d ay s forc e d
’
, ,

m arch e s an d l e avi n g b ehi n d h im an d al on g th e ro ad am pl e e vid en c e of a

,

p re cipit at e an d rath er di sast rou s flight N ot a pl at o on of so ldie rs h ad g on e

.

Th at re t rog rad e m ov e m e n t of
’
ou t from B u ck n e r s c am p in th at di re cti on .

Sch oe pf e xti n g ui sh e d th e h op e of sp e e dy re li e f in th e h e art s of th e E ast

T e n n essean s .

N ow , at th e m iddl e N o v em b er th e C on fe d e rat e s h ad obt ai n e d a fi rm

of ,

footh old in T en n e ssee an d occ u pi e d a c on sid erabl e p orti on of S ou th ern Ken

,

t u cky from th e m ou n t ai n s to th e Mi ssi ssippi Riv e r ; al so a g re at er p orti on

,

of Mi ssou ri sou th of th e Mi sso u ri Riv e r At th e sam e ti m e th e N ati on al

.

au th oriti e s w e re m aki n g vig orou s p re p arati on s to d riv e th em sou th w ard .

At thi s i n t ere sti n g p oi n t l et u s l e av e th e c on sid e rati on of e v e n t s w e st w ard

,

o f th e All e gh en i e s for a t im e an d gl an c e at sti rrin g sc en es e ast w ard of th at

,

l ofty ran g e of m ou n t ai n s an d on th e se a c oast

,
-
.
 C O NFEDERATE TR OO P S IN WES TERN VIRG INIA .

C HA P T ER IV .

M ILIT ARY O PE R AT IO N S IN WE S T ER N VIR G I N IA, AN D ON T HE SEA-C AS T O

C on fe d e rat e s m ad e a
N th e au t u m n of 1 8 6 1 , th e
se v ere st ru ggl e for th e p ossessi on of We st Vir

g in i a T h e y h op e d by th e em pl oy m en t of oth er .
,

c omm an d e rs th an th o se w h o h ad fail e d th e re to ,

re c o v er al l th at h ad b een l o st in th e su m m er by th e
’
di sp ersi on of G arn ett s forc e s at C arrick sford an d 1
,

th e p u shi n g of th e in c om p e t en t Wi se o u t o f th e
”
K an aw h a V all e y as w e h av e ob se rv e d G e n eral ,
.

R ob e rt E Le e w as sen t w ith re e n forc em en t s to .

-

t ak e c om m an d of th e t roop s l e ft by G arn e tt an d Peg ram in N orth ern Vir

gi n i a He m ad e h is h e ad q u art e rs at Hu n t ersvill e in Po c ah on t as C ou n ty
.
-
,
.

His e n t ire forc e e arly in A u g u st n u m b e re d fu ll sixt een th ou san d m en He

, ,
.

pl ac e d a st ron g g u ard on B uff al o M ou n t ai n at th e c rossi n g of th e St au n t on ,

t u rn p ik e an d e xt en d e d h is l in e n orth w ard from th e Warm Sp ri n g s in G reen

, ,

b ri er C ou n ty G en e ral F l oyd th e l at e S e c re t ary of War h ad in th e m e an

.
3
, , ,

ti m e t ak en chi e f c om m an d o f h is own an d Wi se s t roop s in th e regi on of

,
’
,

th e G au l e y Riv e r With th e se tw o arm i es acti n g sim u lt an eou sl y it w as

.
‘
,

i n t en d e d to e xp e l th e N ati on al t roop s from West ern Vi rgi n i a an d m e n ac e ,

O hi o F l o yd w as to sw ee p d own th e K an aw h a V all e y an d d riv e G e n eral

.
,

C ox of O hi o b e y on d th e b ord e r w hil e L e e sh ou ld sc att er th e U n i on arm y

, , , ,

u n d e r G en eral R o se c ran s
( M c C l el l an s su cc e ssor
)
5
in N orth ern Vi rgi n i a
’
, ,

an d pl an tin g th e C on fe d erat e fl a
, g at Wh ee lin g th re at en We st ern P en n ,

sylv an i a .

F l oyd t ook a st ron g p ositi on b e t w e en C ox an d R ose c ran s at C arnife x ,

6
F erry on th e G au l e y Riv e r j u st b e l ow M e ad ow C ree k an d e ight m il e s from
, , ,

S u m m e rsvill e th e c apit al of N ich ol as C ou n ty He l eft Wi se w ith h is forc e

,
.
,

c all e d Wi se s L e gi on at Pick e tt s Mill s to p re v e n t a fl an k m o v e m e n t from

” ’
,
’
,

Haw ksn e st a m ou n t ain on th e sou th ern sid e of th e G au l e y n ear w hich on

, , ,

1 S ee pag e 58 4, v l m Io u e . p g 537 v l m I
3 S ee S
a e p ag 1 45 v l m I
, o u e . ee e , o u e .

4 Wi se w as so g at a b
re t
oas er,a d p a p f m th t h i ig l fail
n so oor a a m ilita y l ad
er or er, a s s na u re s s r e e r on al l

occa i ca d h im t
s on s u se o be m ch i dic l d
u r T h f ll wi g i a p cim
u e . f m e f th e hafts f wit that w
o o n s s e en o so e o s o ere

a tathim thr
c s gh th ou e ne w p ap
s f th day
e rs o e

Th wa a m a f A cc m ac
ere s n o o ,

A d h w a b lly Wi ;
n e s u se

H j m p d i t K a aw ha b h
e u e n o n
’
s us ,

A d c atch d nt b th h i
s ry e ou o se es

A d wh h n w h l t hi y
, en e sa e os s e e s,

With all h i m ight a d mai s n n,

F m Ka aw ha h q ickly fl i
ro n e u e s,

T b ag a d o agai r ,
n -
run n .
”

See pag e 537, v l o um e I . Ca m {f m i a Lati w d i g ify i g a vill ai / vill i s

e s n or , s n n n, or a nou .
 EVEN T S IN THE KAN AWHA V ALLEY .
93

th e N ew
’
R iv er C o x s m ai n forc e w as th e n st ati on e d F l oyd h ad j u st settl e d
, .

h is c omm an d at C arn ife x F e rry w h en h e re c e iv e d i n t e llig e n c e th at som e ,

N ati on al t roop s w ere app roachi n g from th e di re cti on of S u m m e rsvill e n orth ,

of h im T h e se w e re th e S e v e n th O hi o , u n d er C ol on e l E B T yl er w h o as
. . .
, ,

a f u r t rad e r h ad m ad e him se lf w e ll ac q u ain t e d w ith th at re gi on

-
,
F l oyd h ad .

b e e n pl ac e d in a p e ri l ou s p o siti on in p assi n g ov e r th e G au l e y by th e c ap ,

sizi n g of a fe rry b o at His c om m an d w as se v ere d ; m ost of h is c av al ry an d

-
.

fou r pi e c es of artill e ry b e i n g on th e sou th e rn sid e of th e riv e r w hil st h is in ,

fan t ry an d a sm all p orti on of h is c av al ry w e re o n th e opp osit e sh ore T yl e r .

h ad i n form ati on of thi s affai r, an d h op e d to strik e F l oyd b e fore h e c ou ld ro

u n it e h is t roop s B u t h e w as a li ttl e too l at e
. He w as e n c am p e d at C ro ss .

L an e s n o t far from S u m m ersvill e on th e n ight of th e 25 th of

, ,
“
A u g u st an d w hil e at b re akfast th e n e xt m orn i n g h is c o m m an d
, , ,

w as su rp ri se d by a fo rc e o f Vi rgi n i an s se n t o u t st e althily by
F l o yd se v e re ly h an dl e d an d di sp e rse d w i th th e l oss of ab ou t fifty m en
, ,
.

G e n e ral R ose c ran s soon afte r thi s d e fe at of T yl e r m arch e d to th e aid

, ,

o f C o x ag ai n st F l o yd He i ssu e d a sti rri n g p ro cl am ati on to th e l oy al in h ab i

.

t an t s of We st ern Vi rgi n i a an d p rom i se d th e m am pl e p rot e cti on G e n e ral ,

.

C o x of O hi o in th e m e an ti m e , h ad adv an c e d from Ch arl e st on to th e si te

, ,

o f G au l e y b ridg e w hich Wi se in h is h asty flight h ad b u rn t ; an d at th e

, , , ,
1
j u n cti on of N e w Riv er w ith th e G au l e y h e h ad rep ort e d to G ov ern or Pi e r ,

p on t on th e 2 9 th of J u ly th at th e K an aw h a Vall e y w as free from th e “

,

S e c e ssi on t roop s an d th at th e i n h abit an t s w ere d en oun ci n g Wi se for h is

,
”
,

v an d ali sm ”
He h ad m o v e d u p th e K an aw h a by l an d an d w at er h avi n g
.
, ,

u n d e r h is c on t rol a n u m b e r of st e am b o at s His w h ol e forc e p ro c e ed e d c au .

tio u sl y fo r m ask e d b att e ri e s w e re

,

d read e d His sc ou ti n g p arti e s w ere

.

v ery activ e O n e of th e se u n d e r .
,

C ol on e l G u th ri e c om p o se d of th e ,

F i rst K e n t u cky c av al ry ro u t e d a ,

C on fe d e rat e t roo p at C isson v il l e .

O th e rs w e re d riv en from th eir c am p s ,

an d as C o x m ov e d st e adily on w ard ,

Wi se as we h av e ob serv e d b e c om i n g
, ,

al arm ed ab an d on e d ,
h is st ron g in
9

tre n ch m e n ts at Ch arl e st on an d fl e d ,

u t h e riv e r b urn in g th e b ridg e s o v e r

p ,

th e st re am s in h is rear Wh en ap .

p ro ach in
g t h e ab an d on e d t o w n C ox ,

c apt u re d a C on fe d e rat e st e am er an d
on th e 2 5 th of J u ly h e e n t e re d th e
J OS E H J E Y O S
,
P . R N LD .

v ill ag e j u st afte r th e C on fe d e rat e re ar g u ard h ad l eft He fou n d th e fi n e

,
-
.

su sp e n si on b ridg e o v e r th e E lk Riv er in ru in s an d Wi se b e y on d h is re ach ;

,

so h e fo rt ifi e d h is p o siti o n th ere an d w ith som e of h is t ro op s fo ll ow e d h is

'

, , ,

fugi tiv e foe as far as th e c on fl u en c e of th e N ew an d G au l e y Riv ers an d t ook ,

p ositi on as w e h av e ob se rv e d in th e regi on b et w een th em

, ,
.

1 N ew R iv rise s am on g th e sp urs of th e B l ue R i dge

er , in N orth Caroli n a an d
, ,
un iti g wi th th G l y f
n e au e ,
orm s

th e G re at K an aw h a .

2 See pag e 637, vl o u me 1 .

94 MARC H or R O S ECR AN S T O WARD T HE K AN AWHA .

G e n e ral R ose c ran s h ad org an iz e d a st ron g c o l u m n of n e arly ten th ou san d

m e n at Cl ark sb u rg o n th e B al ti m o re an d O hi o R ail w ay ; an d e arly in S e p
,

t e m b e r h e m arch e d so u th w ard w ith se veral of h is b e st We ste rn re gi m en t s , ,

to att ack F l o y d w h e re v e r h e m ight b e fou n d l e av in g th e re m ai n d e r o f h is

, ,

forc e un d e r G e n eral R e y n old s w h o w as in c om m an d of th e Ch e at M ou n t ai n ,

divi si on to w atch an d opp ose L e e He soon asc ert ai n e d th at F l o yd w as at

,
.

o r n e ar C arn if e x F e rry an d h e p u sh e d fo rw ard in th at di re cti on ,

th rou gh ,

L ew i s B raxt on an d N ich o l as C ou n ti e s by w ay of We st on J ack son vill e an d

, , , , ,

B raxt on C ou rt Hou se to S u mm e rsvill e His rou t e l ay al on g som e of th e

,
.

w ild e st of th e m o u n t ai n road s o v er th e ,

w e st e rn sp u rs of th e All e gh e n i e s an d ,

am o n g th e m o st ch arm i n g an d pict u re sq u e

sc e n e ry o f We st e rn Vi rgi n i a S o m e ti m e s .

h is t ro o p s th ri ddc d d e e p an d gl oom y
ravi n e s an d n arro w de fi l e s an d th en , ,

clim be d th e st ee p e st hill si des ; at ti m e s

al o n g slipp e ry w i n di n g p ath s am o n g ,

b ee tli n g c rag s c atchi n g h e re an d th ere , ,

at so m e sh arp an gl e gli m p se s o f di st an t ,

m o u n t ai n g ro u p s an d fe rtil e v all e y s ,

c o v e re d w i th c o rn E sp e ci ally r ugg e d .
‘

w as th e G au l e y m o u n t ai n ran g e o v e r ,

w hich th e arm y cli m b e d after l e avi n g ,

S u tton sv il l e on th e E lk an d th e v all e y , ,

o f its trib u tary th e Big B irc h C ree k ,

.

R o se c ran s re ach e d th e su m m it of th e
“
m o u n t ai n at n oo n o n th e 9 th
S p t 1 861 0 e
, ,

w h e n a m ag n ific e n t p an o ram a
.
,

of l ofty w o o d e d ran g e s m e t th e e ye On .

th at h e ight n e ar Mu ddl e th y B ott om th e y , ,

b e g an to f e l th e foe He h ad an ad e
.

v an c e d c am p in th e vici n i ty an d th ere ,

pick e t fi rin g c om m e n c e d U n i on c av al ry -
.

d ash e d forw ard an d F l o yd s v e d ett e s ,

’

w e re so on se e n sc am p e ri n g t o w ard S u m
m ers vill e w ith i n fo rm ati on of th e ap ,

p roach of th e N ati on al t roo p s The .

l att e r p asse d th rou gh th at t ow n w ith

en e ral B e n h am s b rig ad e in th e adv an c e
’

C EN G U E Y M OU N
AS N
T OF
G A L T AI
,
.

o n th e m orn i n g of th e l oth a fe w h ou rs ,

afte r th e T hi rty sixth Vi rgi n i a h ad l e ft it an d fl e d to F l o yd s i n t re n ch m en t s

’
-

at th e F e rry .

T h e littl e arm y m ov e d c au ti ou sly forw ard from S um m e rsvill e p rop erly ,

1 Th e c t
as en t p m t i p ath w ay s by a p ti f th T w lfth O hi R gi m t w a
of on e o f th ese s ee oun a n or on o e e o e en s

d c ib d by a y wi t
es r e n e ti g a i g l a ly pict sq pp
e n e ss a p s c T hi w a cc m pli h d a h t
re se n n s n u r ure ue a ea ran e . s s a o s e s or

ti m b f th m a ch f th a m y w d c i d ati w h th t p w m aki g th i w ay v th
e e ore e r o e r no un er on s er o n, en ose roo s ere n e r o er e

moun tai th f th Ga l y t c
n s so u oit Fl y d p iti
e A pa t of th a c t w a m ad at i ht i th
u e ,
o re on n o er o
‘
s os on . r e s en s e n g . n e

li ght f t ch T h t p w c m p ll d t g i i l fi l m ti m c aw li g th i h a d a d k fi
o or es. e roo s ere o e e o o n s ng e e. so e es r n on e r n s n ne e s

a d at m i d ight th y reach d t
n n h u m m it Th
e k etch giv n i th t xt i from th p cil f e wh aec m
e e s . e s e n e e s e en o on o o

p a i d th a m y
n e e r .
 BATTLE OF CARNIF EX FERRY 95

fe ari n g b u sc ad e T h e T e n th O hi o u n d er C ol on e l Lytl e l e d th e w ay ;
an am .
, ,

an d at ab o u t tw o o cl o ck in th e aft ern o o n th e v an g u ard c am e in sight of

’
, ,

F l o yd s w ork s a m il e di st an t b e
’
, ,

y on d a d e e p w oo d e d v all e y T h e se .

o cc u pi e d a b ald e m i n e n c e on th e
n orth sid e of th e G au l e y Riv e r ,

w hich h e re sw e pt in a c u rv e so th at ,

e ach fl an k o f th e C o n fe d e rat e in
tre n c h m e n ts re st e d o n th e st re am .

O v e r th at e m i n e n c e an d th ro u gh ,

th e se w ork s p as se d th e ro ad to C ar
,

n ife x F e rr y a p assag e o f th e riv e r

,

j u st b e l ow M e ad o w C re e k an d a ,

b att e ry o f t w e lv e g u n s w as so pl ac e d
u p o n th e hill as to sw e e p thi s ro ad

b ack for full a m il e in th e fac e of ,

R ose c ran s app ro ach ’

.

Pl aci n g h is en ti re fo rc e in p rop e r m w “m “ , , .

o rd er fo r c o n flict th e c o m m an d e r o r ,

d e re d B e n h am to adv an c e w i th h is b rig ad e an d m ak e a rc c o n n oissan c e in forc e , .

T h at b rig ad e w as c om p o se d of th re e O hi o re gi m e n t s an d tw o b at te ri e s The .
‘

ord e r w as p ro m ptl y o b e y e d T h e T e n th O hi o still l e d an d at h alf p ast th re e

.
,
-

’
o cl o ck in th e afte rn oon w h en Lytl e s ski rm i sh e rs e m e rg e d fro m th e w o o d s i n t o
’
,

an o p e n fi e ld of c o rn th e y fo u n d th e m se lv e s n ear so m e o f th e C o n fe d e rate
,

w ork s Mn sk e t fi ri n g i m m edi at e ly c o m m e n c e d fi rst lightly b ut soon it w as a

.
, ,

p e rfe ct st o rm of l e ad fro m th e en ti re C on fe d e rat e fron t T h e re m ai n d e r of th e .

re gi m en t w as ord e re d fo rw ard to th e aid of th e ski rm i sh e rs an d th e c o l ors

,

w e re pl ac e d in fro n t w ith th e i n t e n ti on o f att acki n g th e m ai n C on fe d e rat e b at

,

tery . T hi s d re w u p on th e m th e c o n c e n t rat e d fi re of th e foe T h e sto rm w as .

so h e av y th at th e li n e re c o il e d an d b ro k e b u t it w as so o n ralli e d an d th e , ,

b att e ri e s of Sch n e id er an d McMu ll c n w e re ord e re d u p to th e su pp ort of th e

sm itt e n re gi m e n t .

’
B e n h am w as n ow sati sfi e d th at F l o yd s w eake st p oi n t w as on h is right
win g an d h e re so lv e d to att ack h im th e re
,
He ord e re d th e T w e lfth an d .

T hirt e e n th O hi o to adv an c e p ass th e d e e p v all e y on h is l eft an d u n d er c o v er

, ,

o f th e w o od s m ak e th e at tack Whil e thi s m ov em en t w as in p rog ress .

,

C ol on e l Lytl e dash e d u p th e hill with h is regi m en t to assail th e i n t ren ch ,

m e n t s in th e c e n t e r He w as so w arm ly rec e iv e d th at h e w as c om p e ll e d to
.

di re ct h is m e n to se e k sh e l ter from th e st orm He h ad re c e iv e d a se v ere

w ou n d in h is l eg an d h is h orse w as fat ally sh ot ,
He t ook re fu g e in a .

d e se rt e d h ou se b e t w e en th e tw o fi re s an d l ay th ere u n til th e c on fli ct c e ase d ,

.

His re g im e n t di sc o u rag e d at th e l oss of th e i r C o l o n el b e c am e som ew h at

, ,

sc att e re d in th e w oo d s b u t k ept u a n i n c e ssan t fi ri n g

p ,
.

C ol on e l S m ith in th e m e an ti m e h ad op en e d u p on F l oyd s right an d

, ,
’
,

C ol on e l L ow e with th e T w el fth O hi o w as l e d by Adj u t an t G en eral Hartsufi

'
-

i n t o th e w ood s in a p ositi on to w ork h is w ay u p un d e r c o v er an d form on

,

h w th T th d C l l Lytl th T w lfth d C l l L w a d th T hi t th
T ese ere e en , un er o on e e, e e , un er o on e o e . n e r een , un d er

C l l S m ith A batt y f tw i fl d 6~p d w a c mman d d by Capt i Sch i d a d a th

o o ne . er o o r e onn ers s o e a n ne er, n no er of f uro

m ta i h w itz wa in ch g f Captai M M l i
ou n n o e rs s ar e o n c u t-n .
 BATTLE OF CARNIFEX FERRY .

S mith s righ t so as to th re at en m ore p ositivel y th e e xt rem e right fl an k of

'

’
,

th e C on fe d erat es L ow e w as p u shi n g rapidly forw ard w h e n h e w as i n st an tly

.
,

kill e d by a m u sk e t b all th at pi e rc e d h is fore h ead an d e n t e re d his b rai n

-
.

Hartsu fl h u rri e d McMul l e n s b att e ry i n t o a p osi ti on to pl ay e ffe ctiv e ly on

‘
’

th e p ri n cip al re d ou bt w hil st Sch n e id e r s o n th e right of th e ro ad c om pl e t ely

’
,

c om m an d e d th e e n ti re fron t of th e C on fe d e rat e w ork s T wo of F l oyd s g u n s .

’

w e re soon sil e n c e d an d th e fi re of th e oth e rs b e c am e w e ak er

,
.

I n th e m e anti m e R ose c ran s w as b u sy on th e hill to th e right of th e road ,

in form i n g C o l on e l R ob e rt L Mc C ook s
’
e xp o se d to th e h ott e st of th e fi re ,
.

B rig ad e —th e T hird N i n th (h is ow n regi m en t ) an d T w en ty e ighth O hi o

, ,
-

for c o Op e rati on in th e m o v e m en t w i th Sc am m on s B rig ad e a li ttl e in th e

’
-

rear as a re se rv e Mc C ook s R eg im en t w as c om p ose d m ostly of G erm an s

.
’
,

an d th e se w e re to l e ad th e c o l u m n Wh en th e y w ere re ady for an adv an c e.

,

Adj u t an t G en e ral Hartsu fl w as sen t to b ri n g th e b rig ad e forw ard Mc C ook

'
-
.
,

w h o h ad b e en restiv e in i n ac
tiv ity w hil e th e b attl e h ad
b ee n ragi n g for n e arly an
h ou r n ow gl ow e d with de ,

light He w as acti n g as .

b rig adi er an d w as e ag er for ,

u se fu l n ess an d ren ow n He .

d ash e d u p an d d own h is li n e
’
lik e a w e av e r s sh u ttl e dis ,

tin gu ish e d from oth e r oflice rs

by h is citiz en s d re ss an d ’

sl ou ch e d h at He t old h is .

m en w h at w as to b e d on e ,

an d w h at w as e xp e ct e d of

th em an d ask e d th em if th e y ,

w e re re ady to do it He w as
P N OF H B E O F C N FE FE Y
.

“
LA T E ATT L AR I X RR
an s‘vere d by ch eers th a t .

sm oth ere d th e roar of b attl e on th e l eft T h en st an di n g high in h is .

sti rru p s an d sn atchi n g h is h at from h is h e ad

,
h e w av e d it in th e air an d , ,

sh ou t e d ,
F orw ard m y b u lly D utch ! We will go o v er th e i n t ren ch m en t s
,
”
if e v ery m an di es on th e oth er sid e ! A n oth er v oll e y of ch e ers b rok e from
th e c ol um n as it m ov e d forw ard at th e d o u bl e q u ick to st orm th e i n t re n ch
m en t s w ith th e c al m Hartsufi at th ei r h e ad D ow n i n t o th e d en se ly w ood e d
‘

.
,

an d Mc C ook s N i n th an d C o l on e l M oh r s T w en ty
’
ravi n e th e y pl u n g e d
’
,

e ighth O hi o w ere al re ady fee lin g th e se v ere st orm from th e i n t re n ch m en t s ,

an d fighti n g b rav e ly w h en th ey w ere su dd en ly ch e ck e d by an ord er from

,

R ose c ran s to h alt T h e G en eral h ad m ore m i n u t e ly e x am i n e d th e pl an

.

( w hich H artsu ff h ad su b m itt e d an d b e gg e d p e rm i ssi on to c arry o u t fo r

)
st orm i n g th e w ork s in fron t an d p erc e ivi n g as h e th ou ght too m u ch p eril
, , ,

to h is t roop s i n v o lv e d in it h e c ou n t erm an d e d th e ord er w h en th e m o v e m en t

,

w as in m id c areer an d at th e m om en t w h en C o l on e l S m ith w ith th e T hi r

, ,

teen th O hi o w as at th e p o i n t app aren tly of su cc essfu lly c arryi n g th e w o rk s

, , ,

on F l oyd s right
’
T h e t roop s w ere al l rec all e d from th e assau lt afte r fi gh t
.
,

in g b et ween th ree an d four h ou rs .

It was n e ar th e en d of t wilight w h en this c on flict k n ow n as th e B AT T L E ,

 LEE IN WE S TERN VIRGINIA .
97

OF C A R N I FE X F E R R Y c e ase d R ose c ran s i n t e n d e d to re n ew it in th e m orn ,

.

in g an d h is t roo p s l ay on th e ir arm s al l n ight som e of th em w i th in a h u n

, ,

d re d y ard s of th e in t ren ch m e n t s Wh en day d aw n e d F l oyd “

.
, ,

w h o h ad b e e n w ou n d e d in th e arm h ad fl e d T errifi e d by th e ,
.

fury of th e assau lt on th e p re vi ou s day h e h ad st ol en softly aw ay ,

in th e d ark l e avi n g a l arg e am ou n t of am m u n iti on arm s store s an d e q u ip ag e

, , , ,

b ehi n d He c rosse d th e G au l e y o v er a h astily c on st ru ct e d b ridg e o f l og s

.
,

w hich h e b rok e d ow n b e hi n d h im d est roy e d th e fe rry b oat an d h ast en e d to ,

-

D og w oo d G ap an d th en c e to a se c u re sp ot on th e su m m it of Big S ew ell
,

M ou n t ai n n e ar N ew Riv er thi rty m il e s di st an t from th e b attl e fi el d After

, ,
-
.

re sti n g th e re a fe w d ay s h e p u sh e d on to M e ad o w Bl u ff w hil st Wi se w h o , , ,

h ad re fu se d to sen d h im re—en forc em e n t s at th e F e rr y an d n ow re fu se d to ,

1
foll ow h im st ren gth e n e d th e p ositi on on Big S ew e ll M ou n t ai n an d c all e d
, ,

it C am p D e fi an c e .

T h e B attl e o f C arn ife x F e rry w as reg ard e d as a d e cid e d vict ory for th e
N ati on al s an d an e xc e ll en t t est of th e qu ality of th e soldi ers T h e se t roop s
,
.
,

w ith th e e xc e p ti on of th e c av al ry of S te w art o f I n di an a an d Sch aum b e rg , , ,

o f Chic ag o w e re al l fro m O hi o T h e y Wen t i n t o th e b attl e aft er a h ar d

,
.

m arch of se v en t e en m il e s n ot m ore th an fou r th ou san d st ron g an d fou ght , ,

n e arly tw o th ou san d m e n b e hi n d i n t ren ch m en t s for three or fou r h ou rs , ,

’
,

l osi n g fi fteen kill e d an d se v e n ty ,

w ou n d e d T h e C on fe d e rat e s re p ort
.

e d th e i r l oss at on e kill e d an d ten

3
w ou n d e d .

T h e e xp u l si on of F l oyd from C ar
n ife x F e rry w as soon fo ll o w e d by a

c on flict b et w een th e forc es of G en eral

R e yn old s of th e N ati on al arm y an d, ,

th o se o f G e n eral L e e of th e C on fe de ,

r at e arm y at i m p ort an t p ost s am on g ,

th e m ou n t ai n s farth er to th e n orth
w ard R e yn ol ds s t roo p s form i n g
’
.
,

th e fi rst b rig ad e of R o se c ran s s A rm y

’

of O cc u p ati on in We st e rn Vi rgi n i a ,

c on si st e d of th e T hi rt ee n th F ou r ,

te e n th an d F ifte en th I n di an a R egi
,
RO B E RT E mm . .

1 Wi se coul d notre con c il e h is p ri d e p v ail d d m ad h im i b d i t H an d d tyu . f Th e orm er re e ,

an e n su or n a e. e

f dt d
re use f c m t t Fl yd tC
o se n re e n or e -
a d th l tt d cl d t h i p i t R ich m d
en s o o ,
a arn if x F ye err ,
n e a er e are o s su e r ors a on

th t th f il t c iv th m w a c pit l
a e a ure f
o re e h i i bil ity t h l d th t p iti
e e Wi tth t ti m
s a a a reason or s na o o a os on . se, a a e,

a cc d i g t P ll a d w
or n d v i g t w i l l xcl iv ly f hi m lf i
o o r ,
as e n th di cti ; b t a
e a or n l o n au re s e us e or se n an o er re on u , s u su a ,

h fail d
e H we q ick t f ll w F l y d i h i t t b f d g b t a
. e as u o a th t d a g
o o m d o n s re re a e o re an er u ,
s soon s a n e r se e e

re m t h ag i b c m i
o e, e b d i t d a w h v b v d i th t xt m i d th m m it f B ig
an e a e n su or n a e, an ,
s e a e o ser e n e e ,
re a ne on e su o

S w ll M tai a d tabli h d “C m p D fi c th
e e oun n, nTh th 1 8th h m d
es s p ch t h i L gi
e a e an e e re . ere, on e , e a e a s ee o s e on ,

i w hich h t l d th m th t hith t h h d
n e o v t at d xc pti g i b d i c t p i
e a d
er o d th t e a ne er re re e ,
e e n n o e en e o su er or or e rs, an a

th h w d t m i d t m ak a t d tw ith t d i g h i w t p m b d ly
ere e as e er ne o w hil th
e s an f ,
no s an n s o n roo s nu e re on e o se o

hi f s w
oe p t d by F l y d t b
e re re H did
or e tb li v thi tat m t ; o v th l th y m t b
o e e no e e e s s e en ne er e e ss, e us e

p p d t fight g t dd f t a d a f
re are o cc iv d y rea o s, on
r n re r, or su e ss e a s .
”

P l l d i h i F i t Y a f the Wa pag 1 65 ay : T h f c f G
‘‘
e
o ar ,
n s rs l Fl y d c m m d w
e r o r, e , s s e or e o e n era o
’
s o an as

m en. O th p t it t a m ch highe rs mb u I tw a p b bly ab

a t u er n u er . s ro a ou

R p t f Ge al R c a t A dj t t G
e or o l T w d S pt m b 1 1 th ; f G
n er o se lB hm t
r ns o u an -
e n era o n se n , e e er o e n era en a o

G al R c a S pt m b 1 3th ; f C l l L ytl a d S m ith a d L i t t C l l Whi t S pt mb

en er ose r n s, e e er o o on e s e n n e u e n an -
o on e e, e e er

l Fl y d t th C f d t “S c t y f Wa S pt m b 1 2th ; l a m y c
,

1 1 th 1 861 ;
, d f G an o en e ra o ,
o e on e era e e re ar o r,
”
e e er a so r orre

p d
s on f th Ci ci
en ce o at i G a tt a d L y h b
e g (Va ) R p b li ca
n nn ze e n nc ur e u n.

VO L . I L— 7 ~
98 RE YN O L D S A ND LEE AMO N G T HE M O UNTA IN S .

m en t s, th e T hir d Sixth O hi o d et ach m en t s of th e F i rst an d S e c on d Vir

an d ,
’
gi n ia B u rdsall s O hi o a n d B rack en s I n di an a c av al ry an d L oom i s s Michig an
,
’
,
’
,

B att ery With th e se forc e s h e h e ld th e ro ad s an d p asse s of th e m ore w e s

.

terl y ran g e s of th e g re at All e gh e n y ch ai n fro m iVeb ste r O n th e B alt im ore , ,

an d O hi o R ail w ay to th e h e ad w at e rs O f th e G au l e y am on g th e sp u rs o f th e
, ,

G reen b ri e r M oun t ai n s His h e ad q u art ers at th e ti m e of R o se c ran s s m ov e

.
-
,
’

m en t from Cl ark sb u rg w e re at Ch eat M ou n t ai n P ass ,

at th e

w e st ern fo o t of th e hill s o v e r w hich g o e s th e high w ay from Hu tt on s

v ill e to St au n t on T h e re h e h ad th e T h irt een th I n di an a C o l on e l S u lliv an
.
, ,

w ith tw o pi e c e s of a rt ill ery an d a sm all c av al ry fo rc e T h e se we re di sp o se d

,
.

al on g th e app ro ach e s to th e P ass to g u ard ag ai n st su rp ri se O n th e S u m ,

.

m it o f th e Ch e at as w e h av e Ob serv e d G e n e ral Mc C l ell an h ad l e ft C ol on e l

, ,
‘
Kim b all w ith th e F o u rt e e n th I n di an a as an ou tp o st w hich th at offic e r h ad ,

st re n g th e n e d an d w h e re h e n ow h ad th e aid o f ab o u t fo rty c av al ry m e n
,
.

G en eral L ee s h e ad q u art e rs at thi s t im e w e re at Hu n t ersvill e in Po c a

’
-

, , ,

h on tas C ou n ty His sc ou t s w e re activ e e v e ry w h e re an d so w ere th o se of

.
,

R e yn o ld s Th e adv e n t u re s O f th e se m e n d u ri n g se v e ral w e e k s fu rn i sh
.

m at e ri al for th e w ild e st rom an c e s Th e Opp osi n g p art i es fre q u e n tly m e t .

,

an d e n g ag e d in sh arp c on flict s ; an d sc arc e ly a d ay p asse d th at th e so u n d

O f th e d e su lt ory fi ri n g o f sm all arm s w as n ot h e ar d am o n g th o se sol it ary -

hill s
. Sc ou ti n g b e c am e a m o st e x c itin pl e asu re to m an y w h o w ere or
0

e n g ag e d in it ; b u t t im e an d cir c u m st an c e s soon b ro u ght ab o u t m o re sob er

w ork .

It w as evid en t from th e m ov e m en t s Of L e e s sc ou t s on th e m o u n t ai n s e arly

,
’
,

in S e pt em b e r th at h e w as c on t e m pl ati n g an e xp e diti on ag a i n st som e Of

,

R e y n ol ds s i m p ort an t p osts for th e p u rp o se of c apt u ri n g h is arm y in d e t ail

’
, ,

or Of b re aki n g th ro u gh an d se v e ri n g h is l in e s o f c om m un ic ati on an d m archin g ,

to th e O hi o ; o r po ssibly for th e i n t e rc e pti on o f R ose c ran s in h is m arch

, ,

t ow ard th e G au l e y; He w as w atch e d wi th sl e e pl e ss vigil an c e an d on th e ,

day aft e r F l o yd s re t re at from C arn ife x F e rry it w as e vid e n t th at h e w as

’

m ovi n g ag ain st th e p ost o n th e S u m m it an d an o th er at E lk W at er at th e , ,

w e st e rn foo t O f th e m o u n t ai n se v e n m il e s from th e form e r by a b ridl e p ath ,

-

o v e r th e h ill s an d e ight e en by th e ro ad
,
His o bj ect w as to se c u re th e g re at .

Ch e at M ou n t ai n Pass an d h av e free c o mm u n ic ati on w ith th e Sh e n an d o ah

,

V all e y at St au n t on F or thi s p u rp o se h e m arch e d from Hu n t ersvill e on th e

.

n ight o f th e l i th of w ith n i n e th ou san d m en an d ,

a 1 86 1
He h ad su cc e e d e d w ith g re at
.

n e arly a d o z en pi e c e s of artill e ry .
,

di ffic u lty in pl aci n g h is t roop s to m ak e a si m u lt an eou s att ack u p on th e

,

S u mm it Elk Wat e r an d th e P ass A st orm w as sw e epi n g o v er th e m ou n

, , .

t ai n s an d fav ore d th e e xp e diti on At m id n ight th e t e l eg raph w i res b e t w ee n

, .

Kim b all at th e S um m it an d h e ad q u art ers w ere c u t an d all c om m un ic ati on

, ,
-
, ,

c e ase d Th e l ast m essag e to th e C ol on e l from G en eral R e yn old s w as on e

.

from E lk Wat er w arn in g h im of im p e n di n g d an g er It w as h e e d e d an d

, .
,

p rom ptly act e d u p on T h e b ridl e—p ath b et w e en th e S u m m it an d E lk Wat er

.

w as im m e di at e ly pick e t ed an d on th e m orn i n g of th e 1 2th a h ors em an w as

, , ,

se n t d ow n th e m ou n t ain wi th di sp atch e s for R e yn old s He m e t som e .

wag on s w ith ou t h orse s or m en It w as a su pply t rai n th at h ad b e en m ovin g .

-

1 See pag e 68 6, v l
o um e I .
 A S TRIFE F OR T HE S UMMIT .
99

un d er th e e sc o rt O f th e T w e n ty fi f th O hi o an d h ad b e e n c u t O fi : He
u
p
-
,

h ast e n e d b ack w i th th e n e w s w h e n C o l on e l Ki m b all at th e h e ad of th e , ,

F o u rt e e n th I n dian a an d t w e lv e d rag oon s h u rrie e d to th e sp ot n e ar w hich , ,

th e y m e t th e C on fe d e rat e s in forc e an d d ro v e th em K i m b all th en d e t ail e d ,

.

o n e h u n d re d m e n u n d e r C apt ai n Higgi n s to r e e n fo rc e C ap tai n C oo n s w h o

, ,
-
,

w as cl o se ly i n v e st e d O n a ridg e n e ar th e P ass T h e y fo u ght th e i r w ay .

d ow n an d fou n d C oo n s st u bb orn ly h oldi n g h is p osi ti on h avi n g re p e ll e d

, ,

e v e ry assau lt I n a sh o rt ti m e th e C on fe d e rat e s in th at v ici n i ty d riv en at

.
,

se v e ral p o i n t s by th e m e n o f th e T hi rt ee n th an d F o u rt e e n th I n di an a an d ,

T we n ty fo u rth an d T w e n ty fi fth O hi o w e re disc om fi te d an d di sp e rse d an d

'
- -

, ,

in th e i r flight c ast aw ay e v e r y thi n g th at m ight e n c u m b e r th e m S o th e .

at te m pt to re ach th e re ar o f th e N ati on al w o rk s o n th e S u m m it w as fo il e d ,

an d an o th e r p orti o n o f th e C o n fe d e rat e t ro o p s w hich app e are d o n an d n ear ,

th e Ch e at Riv e r o n th e fron t an d fl an k o f Ki m b all s p o si ti o n w e re at ab o u t

’
, ,

thi s t im e ro u t e d by a fe w I n di an a an d O hi o t ro op s u n d e r C apt ai n F oo t e of , ,

th e F o u rte e n th I n di an a T h e C on fe d e rat e s e n g ag e d in thi s att e m pt u pe n

.

th e S u m m it an d th e P ass w e re n e arly fi v e th o u san d in n u m b e r an d w e re l e d ,

‘
in p e rso n by G e n e ral A n d e rson of T e n n e ssee T h e t roop s th at Opp ose d ,
.

th em did n ot n u m b e r m ore th an six h u n d re d .

G e n e ral R e yn old s w h o h ad h ast e n e d aro un d to Elk Wat er w as ig n oran t

, ,

o f th e se im p o rt an t m o v e m e n t s o n th e m o u n t ai n He arriv e d .

“
th e re t ow ard e v e n i n g an d fo u n d a l arg e forc e of C o n fe d e rat e s
, ,

u n d e r G e n e ral L e e th reat e n i n g th e p o siti on

,
T h e y w e re k e pt at .

a re sp e ctfu l di st an c e by th e P arro t g u n s o f L oo m i s s b att e ry an d all w as

’

sil e n t at th e g ath e ri n g o f d ark n e ss o n th e e v e n i n g o f th e 1 2th R e y n o ld s .

w as sati sfi e d th at Ki m b all h ad p e rfo rm e d al l th at c o u ld b e d o n e in d e fen se

o f h is p ost
y e t h e w as d e t e rm i n e d to Op e n c o m m u n ic ati on w i th h im
,
He .

o rd e re d C o l on e l S u lliv an to t ak e h is T hi rt e e n th I n di an a an d c u t h is w a if
y , ,

n e c e ssary by th e m ai n ro ad
, ; an d C o l on e l s M orro w an d M oss w e re ord e re d
to do th e sam e by th e b ridl e p ath
’
T h e se t roop s l e ft at th re e o cl o ck o n th e
-
.

”
m orn in g Of th e 1 3th , th e fo rm e r fro m th e P ass an d th e l att e r
“
,
T
f om E lk
r at e r T h e y fo u n d th e i r p re sc rib e d w o rk al re ady
.

p e rform e d T h e y se c u re d th e p ro vi si o n t rai n an d re ach e d th e S u m m it at

.
,

d aw n At th e sam e ti m e L ee adv an c e d in h e avy forc e u p on E lk Wat e r

.
,

w ith th e app are n t i n t e n ti o n Of m aki n g a di re ct att ack R e y n ol ds s pi ck et s

’
.

w e re d riv e n in w h e n a l o p ou n d e r P arro t g u n of L oom i s s b att e ry w as

’
-

p u sh e d ab out th re e fou rth s of a m il e to th e fron t an d did su ch e x e c u ti on th at

-
,

th e C on fe d e rat e s w ithd re w I n th at p osi ti on b o th arm i e s re m ai n e d u n til

.

n ight w h e n L e e w ithd re w still farth e r u n d e r c o v e r o f th e d ark n e ss an d on

, ,

th e fo ll ow in g day t ook p o st al on g th e sl o p e s of th e G re en b ri e r M o u n t ai n s ,

ab o u t te n m il e s from E lk Wat e r He att em pt e d a fl an k m o v e m e n t o n th e .

Ch e at S u mm it on th e 1 5 th b u t w as d riv e n aw ay T h e re p u l se of A n d erson
, ,
.

on th e m ou n t ai n h ad sati sfi e d L e e th at h is g ran d st rat e gic pl an fo r se v e rin g

an d d e st ro yi n g R e n olds s arm y an d p u shi n g o n to th e O hi o h ad fail e d

’
y , , ,

In th e e n c o u n te rs d u ri n g th e se tw o or th ree day s th e N ati on al s l o st ten , ,

l d
G en era A n
1 b igad c i t d chi fl y f T
e rson s
’
a d A ka a
r t p w ith m Vi gi ia
e on s s e e o en n e sse e n r ns s roo s, so e r n n s.

h pl y d gai t th S m m it d th Pa w th T w ty thi d T w ty fi fth T hi ty d at a d T hi ty

T o se em o e a ns e u an e ss e re e en -
r ,
en -
,
r -
r , n r

v th Vi gi i R gi m t a Vi gi i b tt y d C l l T al liaf a d H ck a d th Fm g S th a d
se en r n a e e n s, r n a a er un er o on e s ero n e , n e e ven ,
n

F t th T es ee d C l l Ma ly
ou r ee n en n s . un er o on e n .
 1 00 B ATTLE ON T HE GREEN BRIER .

kill e d fou rt een w oun d e d an d sixty fou r p ri son ers T h e C on fe d erat e l oss
, ,
-
.

w as ab o u t on e h u n dre d kill e d an d w o u n d e d an d n i n e ty p ri son ers

‘ ’
.
,

L ee h avi n g fail e d in h is d e sig n s ag ain st R e y n o ld s w ithd re w from th e

, ,

Ch e at M ou n t ai n re gi on w ith a g re at e r p art of h is fo rc e an d j oin e d F l oyd at ,

“
M e ad ow Bl u ff at th e cl ose of S ept em b e r He h ad l eft G e n eral ,
.

S pt 20 H R J ack son of G e orgi a w ith ab ou t th ree th ou san d m en on

0 e .
,
. .

1 8 61 , , ,

th e G re e n b ri er Riv e r at th e foo t of Ch e at M o u n t ai n an d a
.

, ,

sm all forc e at Hu n t e rsvill e to w atch R e y n old s He n ow p roc e e d e d to fo rtify ,

.

Wi se s p ositi on on Big S e w ell M ou n t ai n w hich c on fron t e d th e N ati on al s on

’
,

an d n e ar th e G au l e y Riv e r an d N ew Riv e r an d th e re as th e se n i or O ffic er , , ,

h e c on c en t rat e d his ow n forc e s an d th ose of F l o yd an d Wi se an d fou n d , ,

hi m se lf in c om m an d of an arm y of at l e ast t w e n ty th ou san d m en .

3

R e yn old s n ow resolv e d to ac t on th e off e n siv e At th e b e gi n n i n g of

"

O ct ob er h e m o v e d w ith ab ou t fi v e th ou san d m e n u p on J ack son s i n t re n ch e d ’

c am p on th e G re en b ri e r n e ar a n ot e d t av ern c all e d T rav e l e rs R e p o se on

,
”
, ,
’
,

th e S tau n t on pik e His forc e s c om p o se d of I n di an a O hi o Michi gan an d .

, , , ,

V irgi n i a t roop s l e ft th e su m m it of Ch eat M ou n t ain ata littl e b e fore ,

bO t 2 c
" ”
m id ni ght for an arm e d re c on n o i ssan c e as h e t e rm e d it T h ey
. .

, ,
.

re ach e d th e fron t of th e C on fe d erat e s t w e lv e m il es di st an t at d aw n w h en , , ,

th e N i n th I n di an a u n d er C o l on e l Mil ro y d ro v e in th e adv an c e pick e t s , , .

Kim b all s F ou rt ee n th I n di an a t oo k p ositi on di re ctly in fron t an d L o om i s s

’

,
’

b att e ry w as pl an t e d w ithi n se v e n h u n d re d y ard s of th e w ork s w h e re it ,

o p e n e d fi re How e of th e F ou rth R eg u l ar Artill e ry an d D au m al so in

.
, , ,

c om m an d of artill ery b rou ght th e i r g u n s i n t o p o siti on at ab ou t th e sam e ,

di st an c e T h re e of th e C on fe d erat e c an n on w e re di sabl e d w h en h e avy re

.
,

e n forc e m e n t s f or th e g arr i so n w e re rep ort e d to b e n e ar T h e N ati on al s .

w e re e ag e r to st orm th e w ork s b e fore th e se sh o u ld arriv e b u t th e G e n eral ,

w ou ld n ot p e rm it it T h e y w ere all ow e d to m ak e a fl an k m o v e m en t on th e .

C on fe d erat e right an d att em pt a di sl odgm e n t T h e C on fe d e rat es p e r

,
.
,

c e iv in g th e i r d e sig n w ere p re p are d at th at p o i n t an d w ith a t e rribl e st o rm , ,

Of g rap e an d c an i ster th e y re p u l se d th e assail an t s R e y n old s l o st te n .

’
kill e d an d thi rt y tw o w ou n d e d J ack son s l oss in th e pick e t fi rin g an d i n
-
.
-
_

th e t ren ch e s w as e stim at e d at o v e r tw o h u n d re d T h e e n g ag e m e n t h ad .

l aste d ab ou t se v e n h ou rs R e yn old s fell b ack to Elk Wat e r . .

g th kill d w a L i t t C l l J h A Wa hi gt f G
1 A m on e elL t ff H w th f m
s e u en an -
o on e o n . s n on, o e n era
’
ee s s a . e as e or er

w o f th m
n er o i a d m i f m f th t t f M t V
e an s on w hich h l d t th L d i M t
n an s on - ar o e es a e o o un ern on , e so o e a es
’
ou n

V A
e rn on ci ti f w y b f th w b k t H w
sso a on a t th v i g f th 1 3th w ith tw th
e e ars e ore e ar ro e ou . e as ou on e e en n o e , oo er

o ffi c c i t i g th w k t E lk W t w h h w h t d ad by th Mi ié b ll f m a pick t p t
e rs, re o n n o er n e or s a a e r, en e as s o e re e n a s, ro e os

f th S v
o t th I di a T h p t t d h i b t w hich w c v d by a ich w hit ti v t I h i
e e e n ee n n an . e se en e ra e s re as , as o e re r e sa n es . n s

p ck t w a f
o e d a c m pl t d c ipti f th w k t Elk Wat Hi m i w t d ly ca d f
s ou n o e e d es r on o e or sa er . s re a ns e re en er re or, an

tt G
se n l L th xt m i g W hi gt w b t f ty y
o e n era ee f ag e ne orn n . as n on as a o u or ear s o e .

R p t fG 3 l J J R y l d t A i t t Adj t t G
e or o l G g L H t fi S p t m b 1 7th 1 861
e n e ra . . e no s o ss s an u an -
en era e or e . ar su
’
,
e e er ,

o f G l R b t E L t L P p Walk S pt m b 1 8th 1 861 ; T h Ch a t M t i C mp aig i S t

e n e ra o er . ee o . o e e r, e e er ,
e e o un a n a n ,
n e

I d ia a R l l f H ; P ll d F i t Y a f th W Whil t vi d tly givi g L f ll c d it

’ ‘
v en son s n n o o on or o ar s rs e r o e a-r . s e en n ee u re

f biliti
or rare a gi P ll d g d d h im a i c m p t t t x c t w ll H ay : T h i
e s as an en n eer, o ar re ar e s n o e en o e e u e e . e s s ere s
a
; re sont b li v th t if G o l L h ad t ll w d th i m m t i l pa t f h i pl t c t l h i acti a
e e e a , e n era ee no a o e e a er a r o s an o on ro s on ,

gl i cc w l d h v
or ou s su l t d p i g th w h l
e ss th w t c t y t
ou d
a e resu bli g F l y d a d e ,
o en n e o e n or es e rn oun r o u s, an en a n o n

Wi t d iv C w ith
'

se o t f th
r K a w h V ll y R g t h w v w
e ox v ili g w G
c ase ou l o e na a a e . e re s, o e er, e re una a n ne . e n era
"
L pl a fi i h d d wi g f w hich w
ee s
’
n, t t th W D p a tm t atR ich m d w a ai d t h v b
n s e ra n so e re se n o e ar e r en on ,
s s o a e ee n on e

f th b t l i d p l
o e th t v ill t t d th c mm ti f th l f t t g
es -
a an s a v w t aw y
e er u s ra e e on su a on o e ru e s o s ra e y ,
or e er en r on

acc t f p ctic l f il i it x c ti ”
o un o ra a a u re s n s e e u on .

Wh L a i v d t F l y d cam p t M d w B l ff h w t t Wi
en ee rr d vi i g h im t fall b ck with t
e a o
’
s a ea o u , e ro e o se, a s n o a ou

d l y Wi h itat d a d i vit d Ge l L t vi it h im d i p ct h i p iti L d i d

e a . se es e ,
n d nti fi d e n e ra ee o s ,
an ns e s os on . ee so, an ,
sa s e

th t it w a th m t ad v tag
a s pl ac f th tw d d h im t m i T hi t ci t app v l f Wi i
e os an eo u s e o e o, o r e re o re a n . s a ro a o se s
‘
n

b di ati ff d d Fl y d ; b t th c
su or n on o t ti f l l th f c
en d L p v t d a y ill c q c
e o u e o n ce n ra on o a e or e s u n er ee re en e n on se uen e s .
 R O SECRA N S A N D FLO YD O N N EW RIVER .
1 01

’
L ee s p ositi on o n Big S e w e ll M ou n t ai n w as di re c tly in fron t of th at
of R o se c ran s w h o o cc u pi e d th e c ou n t ry in th e c rotch form e d by th e G au
,

l e y Riv e r an d N e w Riv e r His m ai n c am p w as on N e w Riv e r an d h is .

,

lin es e xt e n d e d d ow n to th e G au l e y T h e b re ach b e t w e en Wi se an d F l oyd .

“
w id e n e d an d l at e in S e pt e m b e r th e form e r w as re c all e d to
, , ,

Rich m on d by th e C on fe d e rat e S e c ret ary of War ”

L ee h e ld .

Wi se s p o siti on on Big S ew e ll for ab ou t th re e We ek s in sight of

’
,

R ose c ran s w h o h ad b e en re e n f orce d ; b u t did n ot v en tu re to att ack h i m

,
-
l
.

T h e l att er th e n fe ll b ack With ou t L e e s k n ow l e dg e an d c on c e n t rat e d h is

’
, ,

forc e s n e ar th e j u n cti on of th e riv ers Le e too w as th e n re c all e d to Rich .

, ,

m o n d an d w as so on afte rw ar d sen t to t ake ch arg e o f th e c oast d efen se s of

,
2

3
S o u th C aro li n a an d G e o rgi a F l oyd an d R o se c ran s w ere o n c e m ore com .

p e titors for th e p o sse ssi on of th e K an awh a V all e y T h e fo rm e r l at e in O c .

,

t ob e r t o ok p o siti on on th e l eft b an k of N e w Riv e r an d e re ct e d b att e ri e s

, ,

th e re a lit tl e ab o v e its j u n cti on w it h th e G aul e y an d o n th e fi rst of N o v e m ,

h e r h e o p e n e d an an n oyi n g fi re on th e N ati on al c am p Al re ady v e r y .

tro u bl e som e raid s h ad b e e n m ad e by sm all p arti e s o f C on fe d e rat e s an d on ,

o n e o cc asi o n th e y h ad app ro ach e d w ithi n t w e lv e m il e s of Ch arl est on .

F l o yd s b att e ri e s n ow c om m an d e d th e road o v e r w hich R ose c ran s s su p

’ ’

pli e s h ad to p ass to h is c am p at th e j u n cti on an d it w as re so lv e d to di sl odg e ,

or c apt u re h im T r0 0 p s w ere th ro w n ac ross f or th at p u rp ose

. A n att em p t .

o f G e n e ral Sch e n ck to c ro ss b e hi n d F ay e tt e vill e an d st rik e F l oyd s rear

’
, ,

w as fru st rat e d by a su d
de n fl oo d in N ew Riv e
an d th e C on fed erat e s
w ere st ru ck o n ly in th e
fron t opp osit e th e
,

m o u th o f th e G au l e y ,

by th e F i rst Ken

R EG O NI OF M ILI T A R Y O P E RAT I O N S IN W ES E N VT R IR G I NI A .

t u cky ,
und er Major L e e p e rf T hi s w as g all an tly p erform e d an d ,
’5
b N ov 1 2 ’ °

F l o yd re c o il e d G en eral B en h am h ad c rosse d b e l ow th e m ou th
.

l y w mb d b t 1 0 000 m c m p d f th b ig d f G al C
His arm no nu ere a ou ,
en, o o se o e r a es o en e r s ox , B h am
en , an d

Sch ck th l tt h vi g b t f d f m th A m y f th P t m c
en , e a er a n e en ran s erre ro e r o e o o a .

L 9
cam paig i W t Vi gi i w a f il a d th h p c t d h im w
ee 8 n n e s e rn r n a as a ure, n e o es e n e re on ere s ig lly di ap
na s

p i t d Th C f d t hi t i f th w P ll d c m m ti g L f il t att ck
o n e . e on e era e s or an o e ar, o ar ,
o en n on ee s
'
a ur e o a R c
o se y
ran s, sa s

i(
.
“T h th c d pp t ity f a d ci iv b ttl i W t Vi gi i w bli d ly l
us e se on o or u n o e s e a e n e s ern r n a as n os t G
, lL
e n e ra ee

m ki g
a att m pt t f ll w
n no p th m y w h h ad
e killf lly l d d h m ; th xc
o o o u ll e en e ,
o so s u e u e i e e u se a e e g d f hi t or s no

d i g b i g m d w ll t m d th l
o n so e n u f hi
, s till y h
o en s re a s, an e ean n e ss o s ar er orses.
”

S 3
L l tt f ig ti
ee t 3 p g 421 v l m 1
ee s
’
e er o re s na on
,
no e , a e ,
o u e .
 DEFEAT AN D FLIGHT OF FLO Y D .

of R iv er w ith h is b rigade R ose c ran s fea

N ew ri n g F l o yd w o u ld re t re at
,
.
, ,

o rd e re d B en h am to p u sh fo rw ar d at o n c e to C assidy s Mill s o n his fl an k an d

’
,

re ar to i n t e rc e pt h im
,
T hi s w as n o t acc om pli sh e d in ti m e an d F l o yd fl e d .
,

p re cipit at e ly st rew i n g th e w ay w ith t e n ts t en t p ol e s w orki n g u te n sil s an d

, ,
-

, ,

am m u n iti on in h is effort s to light e n h is w ag on s

,
B e n h am p resse d h is re ar .

h e avily th rou gh F ay e tt e vill e an d on th e road t ow ard R al e igh ; an d n e ar ,

th e l att e r pl ac e h e st ru ck th e C o n fe d erat e re ar g u ard of fo u r h u n d re d c av -

l
al r
y u n d e r C o l on e l C rogh an w h o w as m o rt ally w ou n d e d
, ,
.

O n w ard F l o yd sp e d with B en h am cl o se at h is h e e l s b u t th e p ur su it w as ,

en d e d n e ar R al e igh afte r a thi rty m il e s rac e by th e re c all o f B e n h am an d

’
, , ,

th e fu gitiv e e sc ap e d to P e t e rst on fu ll fi fty m il e s sou th w ard fro m h is p o i n t ,

of d e p art u re He soon afte rw ard t oo k l e av e o f h is arm y in a sti rri n g

.
,

p ro cl am ati on p rai sin g h is m e n for th e i r c ou rag e an d fi d e lity an d rem i n d

, ,
.

in g th em th at f o r fi v e m on th s “ h ard c on te ste d b attl e s an d ski rm i sh e s

w e re m att e rs of al m o st d aily o cc u rre n c e
”
G en eral R o se c ran s al so i ssu e d an .

add re ss to h is t ro o p s in w hich h e re c api tu l at e d th e i r se rvic e s an d i m pl ore d , ,

"
th em to p re p are fo r g re at e r d e e d s in th e fu t u re T h u s e n d e d th e c am p aign .

in th e K an aw h a V all e y .
3

B u t littl e m ore eff ort w as n e e d e d to rid We st ern Vi rgi n i a of th e in su r

g en t s Al ready G en e ral K e lly w h o h ad b e h av e d so g all an tly at Phi lippi
.
,

in J un e h ad st ru ck th em a se v e re bl o w o n th e sp ot w h e re C o l on e l Wall ac e
,
4

fi rst sm ot e th em a few m on th s b e fo re “ K e lly h ad re c o v e re d from h is .

se v e re w o u n d an d w i th th e c om m i ssi o n of B rig adi e r G e n e ral w as in

, ,
-

c om m an d of t roop s in th e au t u m n g u ardi n g th e B alti m ore an d O hi o ,

R ail way al on g its c ou rse th rou gh West Vi rgi n i a A sc e rt ai n in g th at a .

c on sid e rabl e i n su rg e n t fo rc e c on si sti n g of c av al ry u n d e r C ol on e l An g u s , ,

McD on al d an d m ili ti a u n d e r C o l on e l M on roe w as at R om n e y p re p ari n g

, , ,

St G g C h w
1 . eo r e f th mi t C l l G g C gh w h
rog an g ll tly d f d d F t
as a son o e e ne n o on e eor e ro an , o so a an e en e or

St phe tl w S d k y i th W
en so n , a o f 1 81 2
er Hi f m ily w sn i d i g i N w b gh
us ,
th H d
n e ar o . s a ere re s n n e ur ,
on e u so n

R iv t thi ti m
e r, a s e .

R c 3 i d “Wh
o se g ll t y g c m m d w c ll d f m
ran s sa ft th d i a t f B ll R
en o u r a an ou n o an er as a e ro u s, a er e s s er o u
‘
s un

thi d p t m t w l ft w ith l th
s e ar en m t g
as e d 800 m il f il d d 800 m l f f ti e ss an en o u ar es o ra roa , an i es o ro n er, e x

p d t b h w h ck
ose o d th f c
us f G a l F l y d Wi a d J ck
ers. an Th th w t pa i t i t
e or e s o e n era s o , se , n a so n . e n or e s e rn ss n o

w a f ti fi d a d h l d Ch t M
s or e t i c d th b l a lt th vict i ]y p ll d a d th K a w h
n e ,
ea o u n a n se u re , e re e ass u s e re or o u s re e e ,
n e na a

Vall y cc pi d A m ch f 1 1 2 m il
e o u e . v b d d b ght y p F l y d i t ch d p iti w h c
ar o e s, o er a ro a s, ro u ou u on o
’
s n ren e os on, en e

th b l w d i l d g d d ch d t S w ll Fi lly y p ti c d w tchi g p t th t it F l y d
e re e s e re s o e an ase o e e . na ,
ou r a en e an a n s u e ra or o

withi y n ch d th gh by p cipit t t t h cap d y g a p y h v th b t ti l f i t

ou r re a ,
an ou ,
a re a e re re a , e es e our r s ,
ou a e e su s an a ru s

o f vict y W t or Vi gi i b l g t h lf d th i v d i xp ll d f m h
. es e rn r n a il I th m f
e on s o e rse ,
an e n a er s e e e ro e r so . n e na e o ou r

C m m d i Chi f a d i m y w I th k y
o an er- n - e ,
n n o n, an ou .
”

O 3th l oth f N v m b
n e m t h ppy v t cc d i th xt m
o o e th w t p ti
e r, a f Vi os un a e en o urre n e e re e so u e s e rn or on o r

gi i T h vill g f G y d tt
n a . e th O hi R iv
a e o th K t cky li w h l d by a m ll U i f c
u an o e, op e o er, n e ar e en u n e, as e s a n on or e

un d R V Wh l y l y l Vi gi i c m m di g th N i th Vi gi i R gi m t w h h d c iti g t ti
er . . a e ,
a o a r n an , o an n e n r n a e en ,
o a a re ru n s a on

th ere A t ight cl ck i th
. e v i g a g ill chi f m d A lb t G J ki w h w ith h i m t d m
o
‘

o n e e en n , u e rr a e ,
na e er . en n s, o, s o un e en ,

h ad b f m ti m c
een y g
or so d i t i g w fa i th t gi d h d i t th littl vill g
e e arr i n on a pi d s re ss n ar re n a re on , as e n o e e a e , sur r se

th U i
e f c d m ad v 1 00 f th m p i
n on o r e , an T h y kill d v y m e o wh i t d With p i
er o e r so n e rs. e e e er an o re s s e . r so n ers

an d pl d J ki fl d th xt m i g I tw a p t d that th S c i i t i th vill g h d t app d

un e r, en ns e e ne orn n . s re or e e e e ss o n s s n e a e a en r e

m y f th U i
an o l d i i th c il f ci l j y m t d th n g v J k ip tic th t h c l d a ily
e n on so e rs n e o s o so a en o e n s, an e a e en s no e a e ou e s

wi a p iz
n T hi r a p mt d C l
e. l J h J Z igl
s so e l y l citiz f W y C ty w h w a i m
e e o on e o n . e e r, a o a en o a ne ou n ,
o s n co

m d f th F ifth Vi gi i a d w h
an o e t d th t w th xt m i g th t h d d th h
r n a, n f th di ~
o e n ere e o n e ne orn n ,
a e or e re e o u ses o e s

l y li t t b b
o a s s d A l m t th w h l v ill ag w l i d i h J ki h d p
o e urn e . os t d h i cti e f o e e as a n as es . en ns a re re se n e s se on o

Vi gi i i C g
r n a n on ress .

Th g ill b d w h i f t d p ti
e u e rr a f Vi gi i d i g th w h l w
an s ow c m p d f th d i l yal
n es e or on s o r n a ur n e o e ar, e re o ose o e s o

citiz f th t St t
ens o S m f th m g v th m lv
a a e am . ig ifica t f th i ch ct a d i t ti
o e o eA a e e se es n es s n n o e r ara er n n en o n s.

p ti f
or on of th ba d c m p d f i d t f F l t T p M t i i M c C ty w c pt d
on e o ese n s, o o se o re s en s o a o oun a n , n er e r oun ,
e re a ure n ear

R al igh i W t Vi gi i by C l l ( ft w a d G
e ,
n e s ern l ) R th f d B H y f O hi
r n a, d h f d by
o one a er r e n e ra u e r or . a s, o o, an e ou n

p ap i th i p i th t th i ga iz ti w k w T h Fl t T p C pp h d th i av w d h ”
e rs n e r o sse ss on , a e r or n a on as no n as e a o o er e a s, e r o e o

j t b i g th d t cti f th liv a d p p ty f U i m
ce e n e e s ru on o e es n ro e r o n on en .

S p g 496 v l m I
ee a e ,
S p g 518 v l m I
o u e .
5 ee a e , o u e .
 MILR O Y IN WES TERN V IRGINIA .
1 03

for a d e sc en t on th e rail w ay h e l e d ab ou t tw en ty fi v e h u n d re d O hi o an d
,
-

Vi rgi n i a t roop s ag ai n st th em from th e N e w C re e k St ati on al on g th e rou t e , ,

fi rst trav e rse d by Wall ac e He c am e u p on th e in su rg en t s a few m il es from

.

R om n e y at th re e o cl o ck in th e aft e rn oon of th e 26 th of O ct ob er d rov e in

,
’
,

th e ir o u tp o st s an d afte r a se v e re c on t e st of ab ou t tw o h ou rs c om pl et e ly
, , ,

ro u t e d th em c apt u ri n g th e i r th ree c an n on m u ch of th e i r c am p eq u ip ag e
, , ,

a l arg e n u m b er o f p ri so n e rs b esid e s killi n g an d w o u n di n g b e t w ee n thi rty

,

an d fo rty in th e fray T hi s vict o ry paralyz e d th e re b e lli on in th at regi on

.

f or a ti m e It w as foll ow e d by a p ro cl am ati on from G e n e ral K e lly assu

.
,

r i n g th e i n h abit an t s th at fu ll p ro t e cti on sh ou ld b e
giv e n to th o se w h o w ere
p eac e abl e at th e sam e ti m e t e lli n g th em t h at if th e y j oi n e d in g u errill a
,
g ,

w arfare th e y sh ou ld b e t re at e d as e n e m i e s
,
He re q u i re d al l w h o h ad t ak en .

u arm s ag ai n st th e G o v e rn m e n t to l ay th e m d own i m m e di at e ly an d t ak e
p ,

an o ath o f all e gi an c e to th e N ation al G o v e rn m en t F or a w hil e th at regi on

'

of th e S tat e e nj o y e d re p o se .

”
S o on afte r R e y n ol ds s att ac k o J ckn a so n a t
’
T r a v e l e s R e st a l arg e
r ,
’
,

p orti on o f th e Ch e at M ou n t ai n t roop s w ere sen t to K e n t u cky an d C o l on e l ,

R o b ert H Mil ro y w h o h ad b e en c om m i ssi o n e d a B rig adi er

.
,
“
G en e ral w as k e pt w ith a si n gl e b rig ad e to h old th e m o un t ai n -

p asse s R e yn o ld s Was ord ere d to rep ort in p erson to G en eral

.

R ose c ran s w h o at th e cl o se of th e K an aw h a c am p aig n h ad re ti re d to Wh ee l

,

in g an d in D e c e m b e r Mil ro y su c c ee d e d to th e c om m an d of th e Ch e at
, , ,

M ou n t ai n divi si on of th e arm y Mil roy h ad at fi rst e st abli sh e d h is h ead .

q u art e rs o n Ch e at S um m it an d vig orou sly sc ou t e d th e hill s in th at re gi on

, ,

m aki n g th e b e au tifu l littl e G re en b ri er V all e y liv e ly w ith fre q u e n t ski rm i sh

”
in g J ack son h ad w ithd raw n from C am p B art ow at T rav e l ers R e st , an d,
.
’

b e i n g o rd e re d to G eorgi a h ad l eft ,

h is c om m an d o f t w e lv e h u n d re d C on
fe d e rat e s an d ab ou t e ight h u n d re d
Vi rgi n i an s w ith C ol on e l Ed w ard
J oh n st on o f G eorgi a to c o n fron t ,
”

Mil ro y He m ad e h is h e ad q u art e rs
.
-

at All egh e n y S u m m it ; an d Mi l ro y ,

w h en h e t o ok chi e f c om m an d est ab ,

l ish e d h is at Hu tt on svill e in T yg art s ,

’

V all e y .

Mil ro y d e t e rm i n e d to att ack

J oh nston an d for th at p u rp ose m o v e d
,

a littl e o e r th re e th o u san d m e n on
y
th e 1 2th of D e c e m b er He di re ct e d .

C ol on el M oody of th e N i n th I n di an a
to l e ad h is regi m en t w ith a d e t ach
O BE M O Y R RT E . I LR .

m en t of th e S e c on d Vi rgi n i a aro u n d to m ak e a fl an k m ov em e n t , an d ch arg e

,

an d c apt u re a b att e ry o n a bl u ff c o m m an di n g th e St au n ton pik e ; At th e

sam e ti m e th e T w e n ty fi f th O hi o C o l on e l J on e s w ith d e t ach m e n t s of th e
-

, ,

T hi rt een th I n di an a an d T hi rty se c o n d O hi o w as to assau lt J o h n st on s fro n t

,
-

,
’
.

T hi s w as d on e b u t C o l on e l M oo dy did n ot arri v e in ti m e to c o o p e rate w ith

,
-

J on e s T h e fight w as c on tin u e d b u t J on e s w as n ot su cc e ssfu l T h e C on

.
,/
.

fe d erat e s b e c am e th e ag gre ssors an d th e y in t u rn w ere discom fi te¢ Mi l ro y ,

 1 04 EVEN TS on T HE S EA C OA T -
S .

h ad l ost ab ou t on e h u n d re d an d fifty m en w h e n M oody c o m m e n c e d h is

fl an k att ack T hi s too w as u n su cc essfu l an d th e w h ole forc e re ti re d in
.
, , ,

g oo d ord er u n p u rsu e d by th e C on fe d e rat e s T h e l osses on b oth sid e s app e ar

,
.

to h av e b e en ab o u t e q u al an d am o u n t e d to v e ry n e arly tw o h u n d re d m en ,

e ach . B oth p arti e s h ad fou ght w i th th e m o st c o m m e n d abl e v al or .

Mil ro y w as n ot di sc ou rag e d by h is fail u re o n th e All egh e n y S u m m it .

L at e in D e c e m b er h e se n t a forc e to b re ak u p a C o n fe d e rat e p ost at Hu n

te rsv ill e an d c apt u re or d e st ro y m ilit ary st o re s th e re
,
T h e m ain e xp e di .

ti on c on si st e d of a b att ali on of th e T w e n ty fi f th O hi o an d a d e t ach m e n t of -

th e S e c o n d Vi rgi n i a w ith B rack en s c av al ry an d w as c o m m an d e d by Major

’
, ,

Web st er of th e fi rst n am e d re gim e n t O th er t roo p s w e re se n t to c o op e rate

,
-
.
-

wi th th e se T h e e xp e di ti o n w as su cc e ssfu l
. After a w e ary m arch of ab ou t .

fifty m il e s th e g rou n d c o v e re d w ith sn ow th e p o st w as att ack e d th e C on

, , ,

fe d e rat e s w e re di sp e rse d a l arg e a m ou n t of st ore s w e re b u rn e d an d th e j ail

, , ,

w hich w as u se d f or th e c on fi n e m e n t of U n i on p ri son e rs w as p arti ally ,

d e st ro y e d T hi s e v e n t cl ose d th e c am p aig n of 1 8 6 1 in We st ern Vi rgi n i a

. ,

an d arm e d re b e lli on in th at re gi o n w as e ffe ct ually c ru sh e d .

Whil st th e sc en es w e h av e j u st re c o rd e d w ere t ran spi ri n g in th e Middl e

Mi ssi ssippi V all e y an d in We st Vi rgi n i a oth e rs e v e n m ore re m ark abl e an d
, , ,

q u it e as i m p ort an t in th e i r re l ati on s to th e g re at c on t e st w e re occ u rri n g on ,

th e se a c o ast -
L et u s see w h at offici al re c ord s an d n arrativ e s of e ye w it
.
-

n e sses re v e al to u s on thi s s u bj e ct .

I n a p re vi ou s ch ap te r w e h av e c on sid e re d som e sti rri n g e v e n t s at an d

‘
,

n e ar F ort re ss M on roe in S ou th e ast e rn Vi rgi n i a I n Ham p to n R oad s in

,
.
,

fron t of th at fort re ss a g re at l an d an d n av al arm am e n t w as se en in A u g u st

, ,

1 86 1 d e sti n e d to st rik e a se v e re bl o w at th e re b e lli on farth er do wn th e

,

c o ast It h ad b e en c oll e c te d th e re w hil e th e sm ok e of th e on c e pl e asan t

.

v ill ag e of Ham pt on n e ar w as y et m aki n g th e air of O ld Po in t C om fort

‘

, ,

m u rky w ith its d en sity L e t u s se e h ow th at v ill ag e w h ose ruin s h av e

.
,

al re ady b e en d e pict e d in thi s w o rk c am e to d e stru cti on ’

.
,

We h av e ob serv e d th at aft er th e di sast ro u s B attle of B u l l s R u n G e n ,

’
,

e ral B u tl e r in c om m an d at F o rt re ss M o n roe w as c om p e ll e d to re d u c e th e
, ,

g arri son at N e w p ort N ew c e an d to ab an d on th e vill ag e of Ham pt on th e

-

, ,

l att e r m o v em en t c au si n g a g en eral e x o du s of th e c o l o re d p eopl e livi n g

“
th ere w h o fl o ck e d i n t o th e U n i on li n es T h e w h ol e c ou n t ry
,
.

J l y 26 b e t w e en O ld P oi n t C om fort an d Yo rkt ow n w as n ow l e ft op en to
0 u ,

1 8 61
C on fe d erat e ru l e an d G e n eral M ag ru d e r c om m an di n g at th e
.

, ,

l att e r p ost m o v e d d ow n th e p en i n su l a w ith ab o u t fi v e th ou san d m en

, ,

i n fan t ry c av al ry an d artill er y to m en ac e N e w p ort N e w ce an d t ak e p ositi on

, , ,
-

at or n e ar Ham pt o n f or th e cl o se i n v e st m e n t of F o rt re ss M on ro e
,
A de .

serte r
3
h ad sw u m ac ro ss Ham pt on C ree k an d giv e n G en e ral B u tl er su ch ,

ti me ly n otic e of th e m o v e m en t th at p rep arati on s w e re m ad e at b oth p ost s

for M ag ru d er s w arm re c e pti on ’
.

C am p Ham ilt on c om m an d e d by C o l on e l Max We b er w as so on aliv e

, ,

w it h p rep arati on s for b attl e an d a forc e st ati on e d at th e re d ou bt at Ham p~ ,

vl m
'

1 Ch pt a er X X L, v l
o u me L See pg a es 5 1 1 , 5 1 2, an d 51 4, o u e I .

Mr Mah ew, of
. th e Stat e of Mai ne . He was in G gie or a w h en th e war b k ro , an d
e ou t h ad b ee n p resse di t n o

th e C f d at
on e er e ser vic e .
 B URNIN G or HA M PT O N .
1 05

ton B ridg e d ere d to opp o se th e p assag e of th e foe at al l h az ard s

‘
w e re or .

“
T h e se w e re att ack e d l at e in th e e ve n in g an d re p u l se d an d soon , ,

afterw ard th e t o w n w as se t o n fi re in se v e ral pl ac e s T hi s w as .

d on e as it afte rw ard app e are d by o rd er of G e n eral M agru d e r

, , ,

w h ose j u dg m e n t an d fe e li n g s w e re at th at ti m e in su bj e cti on to h is p assi on s ,

e xcit e d by th e too fre e u se of i n t o xic at in g dr in ks It w as at ab ou t m id .

n ight w h en th e t o w n
w as fi re d an d b e fo re ,

d aw n it w as al m o st e n
tire l y in ash e s w ith a
.
,

g re at e r p ort i on of th e
b ri dg e T h e C o n fe de
.

rat e s ran w ildly ab ou t

th e vill ag e w ith bl azi n g

fi reb ran ds sp re adi n g
,

d e st ru cti on in al l di rc e
ti o n s Ev e n th e v e n e r
.

abl e p ari sh ch u r ch b u ilt ,

in c o l on i al ti m e s an d ,

st an di n g ou t o f d an g e r

from th e c o n fl agration
of th e v ill ag e w as n o t , BU N N G B O N R I Ol
'
AR T .

sp are d ; it h avi n g b e e n

fi re d acc ordi n g to t e sti m on y su b se q u en tly giv e n by th e sp e ci al ord e r of

, ,

th e d ru n k e n M ag ru d er T h e c ru e lty of thi s d e st ru cti on w as at fi rst ch arg e d

2
,

u p o n th e U n i o n t ro o p s b u t th e t ru th w as so on k n o w n an d th e o di u m fix e d
, ,

w h e re it b e l o n g e d M ag ru d e r c on t e n t e d hi m se lf w ith thi s p erfo rm an c e an d

.
,

wi thd re w h is forc e s to Big B e th e l an d Y o rkt ow n .

It w as at ab o u t thi s ti m e th at G en eral B u tl e r w as re li e v e d of h is c om
m an d at F o rt re ss M on roe an d M aj or ,

G en eral J oh n E Woo l w as p u t in .

h is pl ac e B u tl e r w as n o t assig n e d to .

an y o th e r d u ty ; b u t h e w as n ot l on g

idl e Th e g en erou s an d sag aci ou s .

Woo l g av e h im th e c om m an d of al l
th e v o l u n t ee r t roop s o u t sid e of th e
fort re ss T hi s servic e w as a tem .

p o rar
y on e W e e k s b e fo re a U n i on .
,

p ri son e r (D an i e l C am pb e ll of M ai n e) , ,

w h o h ad e sc ap e d from Hatt eras I n

l e t b ro u ght i n form ati on to C omm o ,

d o re St ri n gh am c omm an din g in ,

Ham pt on R oad s th at th rou gh th at ,

p ass E n gli sh bl o ck ad e ru n n ers w ere -

S S S NG H M I LA IL
c on ti n u ally c arryi n g in su ppli e s of
TR I A .

1 p g 5 14 v l m I
S ee a e , o u e .

Th t p m pl y d f th p p w
e roo s e l l Vi gi i
o eu d th or p ctiv c m m d f C pt i
e ur o se e re a r n an s, n er e re s e e o an s o a a ns

Geod P hillip S lliv

e, d C ti ; th
s, wh l
u d th c t l f C l l J J H d g Ma y f th
an , an ur s e o e un er e o n ro o o on e . . o es . n o e se

t p w citiz
roo s f Ham pt
er e d tfi t th i
en s o w p p ty top v t a th y i d it b i g cc pi d
o n , an se re o e ro n ro er ,
re en , s e sa ,
s e n o u e

by N th V a d l
or ern n a s.
”
 EX P EDITI O N AGAIN S T . - HAT TERAS .

arm s, amm u n
iti on an d cl othi n g for th e C on fe d e rat e s an d th at tw o fort s
,
.

g u ard e d th e I n l e t St ri n gh am i n form e d G en eral B u tl er of th ese fac ts an d

.
,

th e l att e r se n t th e rep o rt to Washi n gt on w ith su gg e sti on s th at l an d an d ,

n av al fo r c e s sh o u ld b e se n t to c apt u re th e fort s at th e I n l e t an d cl ose u

p .

th e p assag e T h e su gg e sti on w as act e d u p on an d at th e ti m e w e are c on

.
, ,

side rin a sm all sq u ad ron of v e sse l s w as in Ham pt on R o ad s fo r th e p u rp ose

g , ,

o n w hich w e re to b e b o rn e n i n e h u n d re d l an d t roop s B u tl e r v ol u n t eere d .

to c om m an d th e se t roo p s His o ffe r w as acc e pt e d an d on M on d ay th e 26 th .

, ,

of A u g u st
“
at o n e o cl o ck P th e e xp e diti on d e p art e d th e
’
“ M ,
. .
, ,
1 86 1
4

sq u ad ro n b e i n g u n d e r th e com m an d 0 f C o m m o d o re Sil as H
.
‘

S trin gh am G en e ral B u tl er t oo k p assag e in th e fl ag ship (th e M in n esota)

.
l -

an d h is t roo p s w e re o n th e t ran sp o rt s G eo r e P eabo d

y an d A del a ide
’
g The .

frig at e Cu m berl a n d w as o rd e re d to j oi n th e sq u ad ron T h e e xp e diti on .

ren d e zv o u se d o ff th e Hatt e ras i n l e t to P am lic o S ou n d

( e w e st ern e n d
“

at t h .

o f Hatt eras I sl an d an d ab o u t e ight e e n m il e s from th e C ap e

6A
g 2 u7
) at ,

fi v e o cl ock on T u e sd ay aftern oon } w h e n p re p arati on s w e re

. .
’

i mm e di at e ly m ad e f o r l e n di n g th e t roop s in th e m orn in g t w e lv e h ou rs e
,

l at e r .

T w o fort s n am e d re sp e ct iv e ly Hatt e ras an d Cl ark o cc u pi e d th e w est e rn

, ,

e n d o f Hatt e ras I sl an d T h e t roo p s w e re to b e l an d e d a sh o rt di st an c e u p

.

th e b e ach to att ack th e m in th e re ar w hil e th e v e sse l s sh o u ld assail th em

, ,

in fro n t T h e P awn ee M on ticell o an d H arriet L a n e w e re to b e se n t for

.
, ,

w ar d to c o v er th e l an di n g o f th e forc e s an d t ak e p ositi on at fi rst ab ou t , , ,

tw o m il e s from th e fort s T h e se m o v em e n t s b e g an at th e ap .

A g 28
c u . .

p oi n t e d h o u r B re akfast w as se rv e d at four o cl ock T h e C u m .

‘ ’
.

berl an d (saili n g v e sse l ) w as th ere an d w as t ak en in tow by th e Wabash ,

.

D raggi n g h e r ch arg e to a p rop er p o si ti on th e Wabash op en e d fi re on th e ,

fort s at a q u art e r to te n o cl ock an d th e Cu m berl an d j o i n e d in th e w ork ’

,
.

q
T h e fl ag ship (M in n esota) w as n e ar an d soo n p asse d i n sid e th e o th e r tw o
-

an d e n g ag e d in th e fight T h e S u s u eh a n n a w hich h ad j o i n e d th e e x p e .
,

diti on c am e u p at e l e v e n o cl o ck an d at on c e op e n e d fi re I n th e m e an
,
’
,
.

tim e a fe w of th e t roop s h ad l an d e d n e ar a w re ck ab ou t tw o m il e s u p th e ,

b each u n d er th e di re cti on of G e n e ral B u tl er w h o w ith th e m ari n es h ad

, , , ,

g on e on b oard th e Harriet L an e A h e avy su rf m ad e th e l an di n g v e ry dif .

fi cu l t an d it w as e ff e ct e d by on ly a littl e o v e r th ree h u n d re d m e n w h o w ere

, ,

c om pl e t e ly c ov ere d by th e g u n s of th e M o n ticel l o an d H a rr iet L an e .

T h e assau lt o n th e C on fe d e rat e w ork s h ad c on ti n u e d f or m ore th an fou r

h ou rs w h en th e fi ri n g c e ase d on b oth sid e s T h e fl ag s of th e fo rt s w ere
,
.

d ow n an d th e m en from th e sm all er w ork h ad fl e d to th e g re at er w hich

, ,

w as F o rt Hatt eras S om e of th e C oast G u ard u n d er Mr We ig e l of C ol on e l

.
,
.
,
.

Web er s c om m an d w h o h ad l an d e d t o o k p o ssessi on of th e form e r an d rai sed

’
, , ,
.

th e Un i on fl ag o v er i t ; an d it w as b e li e v e d th at b o th w ork s w e re ab o u t to

i The l c m p i g th q d w th M i
v e sse s ta C pt ai
o G A V B ; Wab a h Captai
os n e s u a ro n e re e nn eso ,
a n . . an ru n e s ,
n

S am l M c ; M tic ll C m m d J h P G illi ; P a w C m ma d S C R w ; Ha i t La
ue er e r on e o, o an er o n . s n ee, o n er . . o an rr e n e,

C pt i J h F c ; cha t d t m A d l aid C m ma d H S St ll wag ; G g P ab d y L i

a a n o n au n e r e re s ea er e e, o n er . . e en eor e e o , eu

t t R P L w y ; d t g F a y L i t t P i c C by T h Mi
e n an . . o r anta w a th fl ag hip
u Th t a nn ,
e u e n an er e ros . e n neso s e -
s . e r ns

p t S ic w a i ch a g f C m m a d St ll w g w h h d m d th p pa ati
or ,
erv e, s n r e o o n er e a e n, o a a e e re r on s .

Th
9 t p c i t d f 500 r th T w ti th N w Y k C l l W b 220 f th N i th N w Y k
e se ro o s on s s e o o e en e e or , o on e e er
'
o e n e or ,

C l l H w ki ; 1 00 f th U i C a t G ua d Captai N ix ; a d 60 f th S c d U it d St t A ti ll y
o on e a ns o e n on o s r ,
n on n o e e on n e a es r er ,

Li t a t La d
e u en n rn e .
 BATT LE A T HATT ERAS I NLET .
1 07

be d ere d T h e M on ticell o w as ord e re d to go c au ti ou sly i n t o th e

su rren .

In l e t fo ll ow e d b y th e H arriet L a n e an d t ake p osse ssi on of th em ; b ut it

,
-

h ad p ro c e e d e d on ly a
sh o rt di st an c e w h en fi re ,

w as Op e n e d u p on it from
F ort Hatt e ras an d at ,

th e sam e
'

tim e a tu g
s e am e r
t w as see n ap

p g h
ro ach in avi n g in
,

to w a sch oon e r fill e d

w ith t roo p s f o r th e re ,

q
li ef of th e fo rt T h e .

M in n esota S us ,
u eh a n

n a, an d P aw n ee i mm e
di at e ly re o p en e d fi re on roar m r rs aa s. ‘

th e fo rt an d th e att ack ,

w as k e pt u p u n til h alf p ast q u ad ron e xc e pti n g th e -

six , w h en th e w h o l e -
s ,

P a wn ee an d th e H arrietL a n e h au l e d o ff for th e n ight T h e M on ticel l o w as , .

m u ch e xp o se d d u ri n g th e fight an d at on e t im e h e r c apt u re o r d est ru cti on , , ,

se em e d i n e vit abl e ; b u t sh e w as fi n ally t ak e n o u t of ran g e o f th e h e av

y g un s
of th e fo rt with ou t m u ch d am ag e ,
.

Early o n th e m o rn i n g o f th e 2 9 th th e c on t e st w as ren e w e d D u ri n g th e .

p re c e di n g e v e n i n g M aj o r W S G A n d re w s th e c om m an d er of th e tw o fort s
,
. . .
,

ad b e e n ab se n t o n th e m ai n ) acc o m p an i e d by S am u e l B arron w h o
( w h o h , ,

w as in c o m m an d of a littl e C on fe d e rat e n avy in ch arg e of th e d e fe n se s of

’
Vi rgi n i a an d N orth C aro li n a an d th en lyi n g in I am l ic o S o u n d n ot f ar from , ,

th e I n l e t arriv e d at F ort Hatt e ras

,
T h e y fo u n d C ol o n e l M arti n w h o h ad .
,

c on d u ct e d th e d e fe n se d uri n g th e day c om pl e t e ly p rost rat e d by fatig u e , ,

an d it w as ag re e d th at B arron sh o u ld assu m e th e chi e f c om m an d of th e fort ,

w hich h e did G u n s w e re sp ee dily b ro u ght to b e ar on F o rt Cl ark th en

.
,

su pp ose d to b e h e ld by th e N ati o n al s an d th e b att e ri e s w e re pl ac e d in ,

ch arg e of fre sh t roop s B u t F o rt Cl ark w as n ot h e ld by B u tl e r s t roop s .

’
.

T h e y w e re w e ll an d c au ti o u sly h an dl e d by th e i r c om m an d e r C o l o n e l We b er , ,

an d h ad b e en w ithd raw n t o w ar d th e l an di n g pl ac e N o t far fro m th e fort -

.

th e y h ad pl ac e d in b att e ry d u rin g th e n ight tw o h ow itz e rs an d a rifl e d

6 p o u n d e r c an n on l an d e d from th e fl e e t
-
T h e se w e re v e r y se rvic e abl e in th e
,
.

h an d s of Li e u t e n an t J oh n son of th e C oast G u ard w h o e arly in th e m o rn i n g , , , ,

b e at off th e C on fe d erat e st e am e r Win sl ow c om m an d e d by A rth u r Si n cl ai r ,

o h ad ab an d on e d h is c o u n t ry s fl ag) w hich w as fi ll e d w i th re e n fo rc e m en t s
(
’
w h ,
-

F t H tt w h p i cip l w
1 or a e ra s as t e r n a or k a dm t d t g
, n F t Cla k w q d bt b t 750
ou n e en un s. or r as a s uare re ou ,
a ou

y d th w d f i t d m ti g
ar s n or ar o ,
an o un n se v g en Th f m cc pi d a p i t
un s . a d y b ach d wa
e or er o u e o n on a s n e , an s

alm t os d d by w t I t c l d
surro un e a er . ou on ly b pp ch d th l d i d by m ch f 500 y d c i c it ly
e a roa e on e an s e a ar o ar s r u ou s

ov l g ck f l d w ithi h lf m
er a on ne o an ,
n a us k t h t f it m b k m t a d v a
e -
s o ow c w y ly f w
s e an e n s, n o er n arro au se a ,
on a e

f t i w i d th w hich w c m m d d
ee n as o an e by tw 82 p d g l ad d w ith g p d c i t h t T h
o - o un er uns o e ra e an an s e r s o . e

d ab t th f th f c f g d w ith S v l f
,

p a ap t w
r e ly ct g i f m
as n ear o a on n or ,
an d i cl n o se ou re e -
ou r s o an a re o ro u n ,
e e ra su

fi i tt v
c en ra erse s.

M Fi k cti g aid d am p f G
r . s l B tl p f m d a gall a t f at Wh F t Cl k w ab d d
e, a n -
e- c o e n era u er, e r or e n e . en or ar as an on e ,

h wam a h
e s th gh q it h vy b k wi th d f m B tl t C l l W b H t d th f t
s o re , r ou u e ea re a ers, or ers ro u er o o on e e er . e e n e re e or ,

a d f
n d b k d p p th c t i i g m ch v l bl i f m ti H f m d th m i t pack g
ou n oo s an a e rs e re on a n n u a ua e n or a on . e or e e n o a a e,

t app d th m h i h l d
s r e e d w m back w ith th m t th g
on s s l A ft th capi t l ti th C f d
ou e rs, an s a e o e e n e ra . er e u a on , e on e e

t fii
ra e o xp d th i p i t th ac acy f B tl i f m ati
cers e resse th p vi day b i g ig
e r sur r se a a t e c ur o u er s
’
n or on on e re o us , e n n or n

th at th i w d c m t had f i h d i t
e r o n o u en s urn s e .
 C A PT UR E O F F O RT S HAT T ERAS A ND CLARK .

for th e g arri son T h e H arriet L an e in th e m e an ti m e h ad run in sh ore to

.
, ,

q
assi st th e l an d forc es w h o h ad m o v e d u p to J o h n son s b att e ry
’
.

T h e S u s ueh an n a w as th e fi rst of th e sq u ad ron to Op e n fi re on th e fort

o n th e se c on d da T h e W a bash an d M in n eso t a fo ll o w e d an d a littl e l at e r
y .
,

th e Cu m berl a n d sail e d in an d t o o k p art in th e fight T h e H arriet L an e al so .

c am e u p an d b e c am e a p articip an t T h e p ou n di n g of th e fort w as to o se v ere .

to b e b o rn e l on g an d B arron att e m pt e d th e t rick o f h au li n g d o w n h is fl a

, g ,

an d assu m i n g th e attit u d e o f th e v an q u i sh e d ; b u t th e N ati o n al s w e re n ot

d e c e iv e d a se c on d ti me At al m ost e l e v e n o cl ock a w hit e fl ag app e are d o v e r .

’

th e fort an d th e fi ri n g c e ase d
,
T h e tu g F a n n y w ith G e n e ral B u tl e r on .
,

b oard m ov e d i n t o th e I n l e t to t ak e p osse ssi on of th e w ork s T h e C o n fe de

, .

rat e v e sse l s in th e S o u n d w i th t roop s on b oard fl e d at h e r app ro ach The , , .

H arrietL an e an d th e tran sp ort A del aide fo ll o w e d th e F a n n y in an d b oth ,

g rou n d e d b u t th e y w ere fi n ally h au l e d ofli T h e fo rt s w e re fo rm ally

,
‘

su rre n d e re d u n d e r a c apit u l ati on sig n e d by th e r e sp e c tiv e c o m m an d ers

“
, .

”
N 0 on e of th e fl e e t o r a1 m y w as in th e l e ast d eg re e i nj u re d said B u tl e r , ,

in h is re p ort to G e n e ral Woo l He add e d th at th e l o ss of th e C on fe d erat es .

,
”
s t w e lv e or fifte en kill e d an d thi rty fi v e w ou n d e d -
.
3

T h e c apt u re o f th e fort s at Hatt eras I n l e t w as a se v e re b l ow to th e C on

fe d e rate s an d op en e d th e w ay to m ost i m p ortan t re su lt s b e n e fici al to th e
, ,
t
N ati on al c au se as w e sh all ob se rv e h ere aft er ,
G en e ral B u tl e r h ad b e en .
”

o rd e re d to d e st ro y th e fort s an d n ot att e m pt to h old th e m He w as so im , .

p re sse d w ith th e i m p ort an c e of p re se rvi n g th em th at afte r c on su lt ati on w ith , ,

St ri n gh am an d St e ll w ag en h e re t u rn e d i m m e di at e ly to F ort ress M on roe , ,

an d h ast e n e d to Washi n gt on w ith th e fi rst n e w s of th e vict o ry to e xpl ai n ,

h is vi ew s to th e G o v e rn m e n t in p erson It w as d e t erm i n e d to h old th em .

,

an d th e t roop s w hich h ad on ly b e e n p ro vi si on e d f or fi v e d ay s w e re i mm e
, ,

diatel y su ppli e d B u tl e r w as n ow c ommi ssi on e d by th e S e c re t ary

of War
“
to go to N e w E n gl an d an d
“ rai se arm u n iform an d , , ,

e q u ip a v o l u n t ee r fo rc e f or th e w ar
”
He did so Wh at w as . .

d on e w ith th em w ill b e re v e al e d w h en w e c om e to c on sid er e v en t s at Ship

I sl an d in th e G u lf of M e xic o an d at N e w O rl e an s
, ,
.

C o l on el Haw ki n s w as l eft w ith th e p orti o n of h is N i n th N e w York ,

o u av e s th at h ad j o i n e d th e e xp e diti o n to g arri son th e p ost at Hatt e ras

(Z ) ,

T hi s w as an an xi ou sby th acci d ts a v al abl hip f w a a d a t a

m om e n for th e t U n i on i st s ,
f or, e se en , u e s o r n r ns

p t fill d w ith t
or e d th g ro o p w
f th f t a d w ithi th p w
s e re un f th C f d at
er e un s o e or , n n e o er o e on e er es .

T h c pit l ti
3 e w a ig
a d b a d th fl hip M i
u a on s s ta A g t 29 th 1 861 by S H St i gh m
ne on o r e ag s n n es o u us , . . r n a ,

F lag O ffi c A tl tic B l ck di g S q ad
, ,

er an a d B j m i F B tl M j G
o a nl U S A m y c mm d u ro n , n en a n u e r, a or- e n era r o an

Fl g O ffic C S N vy c m m d i g v l f c Vi gi i a a d N th
. .
.
,

ing
“ on p a t d “8 B
on e r an arron , a er . a o an n na a or e s, r n n or
, . .
,

d W S G A d w
,

C li
aro n a, Willi m F M ti C l l S v th L ight I f t y N C V l t
”
a . ar n, o on e e en n an r , . . o u n e ers,
”
an . . . n re s,

Maj c m m d i g F t Hatt a d Cl k I t wa g d th t c mm d m f t d m iti

or, o an n or s e ras n f ar .
”
s a re e a o an e rs, e n, or s, an un on s o

wa h r s ou l d b i m m d i t ly e d d t th G v m t f th U it d St t i t m f f ll capit l ti
e a e su rre n ere o e o ern en o e n e a e s, n er s o u u a on ,
“th e o ili dm
ce rs an t c iv th t at m t f p i
en o re e fw B h d p pe d th t th ffi c a d
e re en o r son e rs o ar .
”
arro n a ro o se a e o e rs n

m en s h l d “ ti (i th w d tb d t i d a p i
ou re re n o ) th f m t g
er t w ith th i
or id a m
s, n o e e a ne s r son e rs ,
e or er o o ou e r s e- r s .

T h p p iti
e ro w
os j ct d T h p i
on as re ew t k t N w Y k a d ft w d xch g d
e . e r son ers e re a en o e or ,
n a er ar e an e .

R p t fG
3 e l B tl A g t 3oth a d f C m m d St i gh m A g t 80th a d S pt m b 1 t
or s o e n e ra u er, u us ,
n o o o ore r n a ,
u us n e e er s ,

1 86 1 a d th b d i t fli a l f “C mm d Ba a d M j A d w f th C fd t o o ore rron n a or n re s, o e on e e ra e
,
n o e r su ; or na e o ce rs so o

serv ic S pt m b
e, e l t 1 861e Th ermb f t
s p
,
d d i cl di g h ffic w a 7 1 5 d with th m
. e nu er o roo s surre n e re , n u n t e o ers, s ,
an e

ta d f a m 5 ta d f c l 31 pi c f ca
s n o r s, s v l w ith c tt a d t
n o d 75 k g
o ors , f g e es o n n on , esse s o on n s ore s, an e s o un

p w d O f th fl g w a w d h d b p
o er . ne o e a s t d wi thi a w k by th w m f N w B
s ne . an N th a e en resen e ,
n ee ,
e o en o e o rn e , or

Ca li a t th N th C a li a D f d — G
ro n ,
o e or lW l G ro al O d N 8 A g t 31 t 1 8 61
n e en e rs .
”
e n e ra oo
’
s en er r er , o .
,
u us s , .

G al W l i d ti i g d
e n er oo ss ueci g th vict y a d S c t y W ll c g t l t d St i g
a s rr n or e r, an n ou n n e or , n e re ar e es on ra u a e r n

ham a d h i mn f th
s b il li a t ac h i v m t acc m pli h d wi th t th l
en or e r f a ma n th U i id e e en o s e ou e oss o n on e n on s e.
"
 S TRU GGLE FO R HA TTERA S I SLAND . 1 09

an d h ld the I l
s a d a d I n l e t L ate i n Septembe r he w as re—e n forc e d
o n n .
y
C o l onel B ro wn an d h is Tw e ntieth Indi an a reg iment In the me an t i me an .

exp e d i ti o n h ad been s e c retly p re p ared for fo ll ow ing u p the vict ory at Hat
te ras by se i z m g an d h olding the wh ole c oast of N orth C aro li n a w ashed by
,

the w ate rs of Pamlic o an d Albem arle S ou nd s an d th re atening N orfo lk still , ,

1
held by the C on fe de rat e s in the re ar ,
.

T h e fi rst obj e ct w as to cl o se the p assage s to the se S ou n d s fro m the sea .

Acc o rd i n gly a l i ttle n av al fo rce w as s en t t

,
‘.

b re ak u p a C on fede rate p o st at O c rac oke Inl e t a ,

“
fe w mil e s d own the c oast fro m Hatte ras C o mm o
to'
.

d ore R ow an sent L ie u ten an t J T M axwell to pe rform thi s .

m .
co e

s ervice He we n t in the tu g F an n y w ith a det achment

.
,

of m arine rs an d so ld i e rs of the N av al B rig ade which h ad

been org an iz e d in
Hampt on R oad s .

T he tu g t owed a

q
l au nch an d the S u s
,

u eh an n a acc o m p a

nied them An .

e arthw o rk l i ttle in ,

ferior to F ort H a t m
(
m

te ras w as fou n d on
,
O PERATI O N S NE AR A E HA TTERAS C P .

Be ac on I sl an d c om ,

m andi n g the I n let ; b u t thi s c alled F ort O c rac oke an d o ld er F ort M org an
, ,

ne ar we re ab and oned They we re di sabl e d by M axwell

,
. .

In the m e antim e the C o nfed e rate s w e re evidently p rep aring to thro w a

forc e on to R o an oke I sl and to the n orthw ard of Hatte ras with the intenti on
, ,

of rec o v e ri n g thei r l o sse s at the Inlet an d keeping O pen tw o sm all inlet s to ,

Pamlic o ab o v e C ape H atte ras H awkin s s ent C ol on e l B ro wn

,
.
’
,

with h is T we n ti e th Indi an a u p the i sl and to a h amlet c alled S pt 29 0 e . .

C h ic om ieocom ico p artly to d e fe nd the p ro fe ssedly l oy al i n h abit ant s the re

, ,

b u t m o re p artic u l arly to w atch th e C on fe de rate s an d if p ossible p revent , , ,

thei r g aini n g p osse ssi o n of R oan oke The regiment w as l an ded in sm all .

b o at s with ve ry sc ant su ppli e s Th e F a n n y w as sent with

‘
.

“
,

st ore s b u t w as c apt u re d by the C onfede rate s w h o th u s obt ained

, ,

p roperty of the v al u e of on e h u nd red an d fifty th ou sand d oll ars .

T he m o st import ant l oss w as the c amp e qu ip age p ro vi si on s an d i n trench ing , ,

t oo l s of B ro wn s regim ent It defe ated h is u n de rt aking ; fo r when on the

’
.
,

4th of O ct o be r a sq u ad ro n of five or six C o n fede rate s te ame rs be aring o ve r

, ,

tw o th ou san d m e n c o mp osed o f N o rth C arolin i an s an d Ge o rgi an s w h o h ad

, ,

t aken p o sse ssi o n of R oan oke I s l and ; b ore d o w n fro m C roat an S ou nd with ,

th e ev i d e nt int e n ti o n o f att ac kin g him he w as c o mpelled to ret re at T roop s ,

.

we re l an ded fro m the s te ame rs at Ken eek ut an d C h ic om ieoc om ico ab ove ,

an d b e l o w B ro wn s C amp u n de r c o ve r of s hell s th ro wn fro m the arm e d ve ss e l s

’
.
,

q
T he Indi an i an s s u cceeded in e s c aping to C ap e H atte ras whe re they were met ,

by five h u ndre d of Hawkin s s Zou ave s s u pp orted by the S us u eh an n a ’

,

an d M on ticell o Th e y h ad l ost ab ou t fi fty men m ost of wh om were cap

.
,

l See pag e 897, l m I

vo u e .
 A
‘

L O YAL D EM O N S TR ATI O N .

tured while s t raggling A n u mb er of the i sl an de rs h ad foll owed them ; .

an d all h ad su ff ered m u ch fro m h u nge r thirst an d fatig u e d u ring th a t , , ,

excitin g m arch of t w enty eight mile s T h e C onf ede rate ve ss el s we re a -

.
,

p art of the littl e fi eet in th at re gi on u nde r the c omm and of Li e u ten ant ‘

L yn ch w h o h ad l atel y aband o ned hi s fl ag an d j o ined the in su rgent s The

,
'

assail ant s fl e d b ack to R o an o ke an d after th at le ft H atte ras in the u ndi s ,

u te d p o ss e s si o n of the N ati o n al fo rce s Ge n e ral M an sfield w as sent fro m

p .

Wash ingt o n with five h u nd red t ro op s to s till fu rthe r st rengthen the p ositi on ,
.

He w as s oon re l i ev e d by B rig adie r Gene ral Th om as S Willi am s of the R eg u -

.
,

l ar A rmy .

While the se event s we re t ran spi rin g C ol onel H awkin s in p u rsu ance of , ,

the h u m ane an d c onciliat ory p o licy o f the G ove rnm e nt t ow ard mi sg u ided
an d mi sinformed inh abit an t s i ssu ed a p ro cl am ati o n to the p e o ple o f N o rth ,
.

C aro lin a in which he exp ose d the mi srep re sent ati on s o f the intenti o ns o f
,

the G ove rn m e nt p u t forth by the c on spi rat ors an d the ir all i e s assu r i ng ,

them th at the w ar w as w aged on ly ag ain s t t rait ors an d reb e l s (wh o we re

c alled to l ay d o wn their arm s an d h ave pe ace ) an d th at the t roop s h ad ,

c ome to give b ack to the pe ople l aw orde r an d the C on stit u ti o n an d al l their , , , .

legit im ate right s T o thi s there w as a p u blic re sp o n se by the inh ab i t ant s

.

in the immed i ate vicinity of H atte ras w h o p rofe s sed to be l oy al A con v en ,

.

“
ti on of the citizen s of Hyde C o u nty w as held which b y re sol u ,
l

,
.

2221
12
o n s o ff e red th e l o y alty o f it s membe rs to the N ati on al G o v
4
ti ,

,
e rn

ment A c ommittee w as appo inted to d raw u p a st atem e nt of.

g riev ance s an d a decl arati on of independence of C onfe de rate ru l e w as p u t

,

forth 1 n form an d style like th at i ss u ed m 1 7 7

,
A m ore imp ort ant c o nv en
”
ti o n w as held at H att e ras a m onth l ate r in which appe ared
5N 18 ov . .
,

re p re sent ative s fro m fo rty fi v e

c ou ntie s in N orth C aro li n a Th at -

_
.

b ody assum ed the pre rog ative s of the St ate an d by a st rong ordin ance p ro ,

vide d for the g o ve rnment o f N o rth C aro lin a in alleg i ance to the N ati on al

C on s tit u ti on Thi s p romi se of g oo d w as so h opefu l th at the P re sident by

.
,

p rocl am ati on o rde red an electi o n to be held in the F irst C ong re ssi o n al D is
,

tric t of N o rth C aro lin a The p e ople c o mplied an d elected a rep re sent a .
,

tiv e (C h arle s Hen ry F o s te r) b u t he w as n o t ad m i tted to C o n

c
,
N c27 ov
T
. .

g res s
f bec au s e o f s o me techn ic al o bj ecti on
’
hi s le aven o f .

l oy alty th at p romi sed to aff e ct the wh ole St ate w as soo n de st royed by

, ,

the s t rong arm of the C onf e d erate s in p o we r .

I d i a a R gi m t wa p c li ly f t t t H tt a I th aff i
1 T he n n e enCh i m i mi
s it h ad
e u ar u n or u n a e a a er s . n e a r n ea r co eoc o c o,

l t it t ck f Wi t cl thi g Thi d i t w a f ll w d by f f l t m th ight f th 2d f N v m

os s s o o n er o n s sas e r s o o e a ear u s or on e n o e o o e

w hich w pt al g th c a t d b i gi g th a i with ch vi l c th at it b m g d H tt a I l d
.

b er, s e on e o s ,
an r n n e se n su o en e su er e a er s s an

b t w th f ts th t i g i ta t d t cti t F t Cl k th sm al l
e ee n e or , rea e n n cc pi d by th gi m t I t
ns n es ru on o or ar ,
e e r on e , o u e e re en . s

sick w m ch d i t ere d by m v al f f ty ; a d a ly
u s resseh alf f its w pply f w i t cl thi g
re o o r sa e n ne r on e - o ne su o n er o n

wa w pt aw ay
s s e

Thi D cl a ati b th ig atu f R M a bl Na h Tayl f th N th C li a M th d i t C f

.

9 s e r on ore e s e v. or, o e or aro n e o s on er

n re s o r e s

c Cal b B St w a d Willi am O N al
en e , e . o e, n
‘
e .

Thi m v m t w a b ght p m i tly b f th citiz

s o e en f N w Y k by M T ayl
s rou f th ig ro n en e ore e ens o e or r or, on e o e s n e rs

f th D cl a ati
.

o e f I d p d
e c at a m ti g v w hich M B c ft th hi t i p i d d i w hich h
r on o n e en en e, ee n o er r. an ro e s or an , re s e n e

w~
, ,

sai d th t m a f th i h abita t livi g

so th
e a t ip f lo d th c a t h ad th fi t a iv l
e n n s n on e n rro s r o an on e o s , on e rs rr a

of th t p fl ck d t t k th th f all gia c a d thi h d t th m fi f m th i ca ty

e roo s, o e o a e e 0 i f o e n e, n s a cu e o
’
ro e r s n re sou rces o

t afli wi th th
r c i t i Th y w a p a
ec h ai d
n er or.
“ livi g p i cip lly by fi hi g a d g th i g f
e ere oo r r e,
”
e s , n r n a s n n a er n o

y k m a v g
oa u ,
f p n et g w th w hich th y d i d a d xch g d f c
e r re e n o s o n an eousT h y ak m i a ro , e r e n e an e or orn .
"
. e o u s

pl a t w hich i xt iv ly d i th at gi a a b tit t f t a
n s e en s e u se n re on s su s u e or e .

T h appeal f M Tayl
e i b half f th e pe pl wa
o bly p d d t by g
r
.
gif ts f m
or n y f d
e o es o e s no re s on e o en erou s o on e , oo ,

a d cl t
n hi g o n .
 EV EN TS AT F O R T PIC KEN S ‘

.
111

Wh il
t the s ti rring event s j u st menti o ned w ere o cc u rri n g on the c o ast
s

o f N orth C aro lin a th e vicinity o f F o rt Picke n s on the w ate rs of the G ulf o f

, ,

Mexic o h ad ag ain b e c ome the the at e r of c onflict We have ob served h ow

,
.

th at fo rtre ss w as sav e d from se iz u re by the in su rgent s at Pe n sac ol a l n the

sp rin g o f 1 8 6 1 an d the arriv al m J on e at S ant a R osa I sl and (on which the
, ,

fort s t an d s) o f th e N ew Yo rk S i xth kn o wn as Wil son s Z ou av es Th ese

,
l
,
’
.

t roop s an d a sm all bl ock ading sq u ad ro n with a g arri son in the fo rt we re ,

‘

s t ati oned the re for the p u rp o se o f se c uring fro m c apt u re b y the C o nfe derate s
th at fort re ss wh ose p o sse ssi o n w as so m u ch c o veted by th e m Alth ou gh n o
,
.

s eri ou s h ost i litie s o cc u rre d b e tw e en the se forc e s an d th e i n s u rgent s on the

m ain w h o th re at e n e d the m th e form e r we re n ot ine rt b u t di sp e lled the
, , ,

u ne asi n e ss of c amp an d dec k l i fe by an o cc asi o n al d i st u rb an ce o f t h e qu i e t

of th e i r foe sometime s by th re at e ning a d e sc e nt o n the c o ast an d at othe rs
, ,

by fi ri n g on som e su pp l y ve ssel of the C o nfede rate s m oving in Pen sac ol a

'
-
'

,
“
Bay O n the night o f the 2d o f Septembe r a p arty fro m F o rt
.
,
.

1 861 4

Picke n s u n de r L i eu ten an t Shepley b u rned the D ry D ock atthe

.

, ,

N avy Y ard at Warri n gt o n ; an d o n the night o f the 1 3th of the same m o nth , ,

ab ou t o n e h u nd red men u nd e r L ie u ten ant J o hn H R u s se ll o f C o mm o d ore ,

.
,

Me rwin s fl ag ship Col orado c ro ssed o ve r to the N avy Y a1 d an d before

’
, ,

d aylight b o arded a l arge sch oo ne r (the J u da h ) which w as b e ing fitted ou t ,

as a p riv ate e r an d lyi n g at the wh arf there ,

T hey sp i k e d a ten in ch .

c ol umbi ad with which s he w as arm e d an d b u rnt h er to th e w ate 1 s edge

, ,
’
.

B y the u se of m u fll ed o ars they e l uded the v i gil ance of the se ntinel s u ntil it
w as too l at e fo r u se fu l re si st anc e
’
Thi s w as a m ost d ari n g fe at for at the .
,

N av y Yard n e ar by the re we re at l e ast a th ou san d C on fe derate soldie rs ‘

“They we re led by an office r with the c ou rage of forty N u midi an li o n s an d

,
”
their s u cce ss w as pe rfect said an acc ou nt of the aff ai r w ritten by an oflicer ,

at the N avy Y ard .

The C onfede rate s s oon bec ame the aggre ssors Early in O ct obe r they .
,

m ade an attempt to su rp ri se an d c apt u re Wil so n s t roop s on S ant a R osa ’

I s l and Ab ou t fou rteen h u n dred picked m en ch osen m ostly from Ge orgi a

.
,

t roo p s an d fro m s o me I ri sh v ol u nte e rs an d c omm anded by General Ander -

,

so n assi st e d by Ge n e ral R u ggl e s c ro sse d Pen sac o l a Ba in the eveni n g on

, y ,
"
s eve ral ste am ers an d at tw o o cl o ck in the m orni n g l anded at 6 Oct b 9
,
’

o er
Dee r Point on S ant a R o sa I sl and fo ur or five mil e s e as tw ard of
.

, ,

the enc ampment of the Z ou ave s Ande rso n divided h is force int o th ree .

c ol u mn s an d in thi s ord er m arch e d u p on the c amp whe rein there w as n o

, ,

sus pici o n o f d ang er n e ar Th e picket s w e re su ddenly d riven in an d the .

,

Z o u av e s were c ompletely su rp ri sed .

The C onfed e rate w ar c ry w as De ath to Wil s on ! n o q u arte r

“ The -

Zo u ave s fo u ght de spe rately in the i n ten se d arkne ss while being d riven b ack ,

by su pe ri or n umbe rs to the c o ve r of b atte rie s L inc oln an d T otten s itu ated ,

ch pt X V v l m I
See a er o u e

Li t t R ll l t th m kill d a d tw l v w d d Th pl i g a d fi tti g t f th
. .
,

e u en an u sse os ree en e n e e ou n e e an n n n n ou o e

x p d iti w i t t d t C ptai Bail y f th C l ad L i t a t R ll w a p m t d t C mm a d

.

e e on as n rus e o a n e o e o or o. eu e n n usse s ro o e o o n er
,

on th 4th f O ct b
e o o er .

C mm
3 p t h d giv t Wil
o m
on reth ch act or f b i g m tly N w Y k
a
“ gh
en a d th
o
'

son s
’
en
’

e ar er o e n os e or rou s,
”
n e

p pl f th S th w t ught t b li v th t th y w
eo e o e ou l ct d f th p p
ere af pl d a d api Ito e e e a e e re se e e or e ur ose o un er n r ne .

wa s onth t c t th at th t p t P a l h t d th m a d
a ac oun l v d t giv th m e qua t
roo Wil sa en s c o a a e e , n reso e o e e no r er. son ,

i a ch a act i tic l tt
n r t G al A th
er sf N w Y k p ti g th affai says all d in g t wil d m
e er o e n er r u r, o e or , re or n e r, ,
u o ru ors on
 BA TTLE O N S AN T A RO S A I SL A N D .

on e e ach s ide Of the i sland an d ab ou t fo u r h u n d red y ard s from F ort

on ,

Picken s They n u mbe red o nly o n e h u nd red an d thi rty th ree e ffective m en
.
-
.

T h e y we re met in t h eir re t re at by tw o c omp anie s u nde r Maj or Vogde s s ent , ,

ou t O f the fo rt by C o l onel Harvey B ro wn it s c o mm an d e r to aid them T wo ‘

.
, ,

o the r c o mp an ie s u n de r M aj o r A rn o ld immedi ately fo ll o w e d ,

an d the c o m , ,

b in e d force ret u rned an d ch arg e d u p o n th e C o nfede rate s T he l atte r h ad .

an d we re in a di so rg an iz e d s t ate
‘
al re ady pl u nde red an d b u rnt the c amp In ,
.

thi s c onditio n they we re d riven in g re at c o nfu si o n to thei r ve ssel s t e rribly g alled ,

by the w e ap on s o f thei r p u rsu e rs A s the ve s sel s m o v e d O ff wit h the ret re at .

in g assail ant s seve ral v o lle y s O f m u sket ry we re p ou red u p o n them an d o n e

, ,

O f the l au n ches l oaded with m en w as so riddled by b u llet s th at it sank

, , .

I n thi s aff ai r the N ati on al s l ost in kill e d w ou nded an d p ri so ne rs , sixty fou r , , ,

-

men A m ong the l att e r w as M aj or Vogde s T he C onfede rate s l o st ab ou t

. .

on e h u nd red an d fi fty incl u d ing th o se w h o we re d rowned Su ch w as the 2

, .

c onfu si on in which they fl e d to thei r b o at s th at acc ording to the st atement , ,

o f o n e O f thei r o ffice rs they sh o t d o w n thei r o w n friend s in n u mbe rs “ N ight .

,
” “
s ki rmi shing i s a d ange rou s b u sine ss he said e sp e ci ally in an u nkn own , ,

c ou n t ry as w as the I sl an d O f S an t a R osa
,
”
S O ended T HE B AT T L E O F S A N T A .

R O S A ISL A ND .

F ort Picken s h ad been s il e nt d u ri n g the enti re s u mme r an d au t u mn O f

1 8 6 1 u ntil l ate in N o vembe r when its th u nde rs we re he ard f or mile s al ong
, ,

the c oast mingling with th os e O f some ve ssel s of w ar the re in a c o mb i ned

, ,

att ack u po n the fo rt s an d b atte rie s of the C o nfede rate s o n the m ai n Th e .

g arri so n at Fo rt Picken s then n u mbered ab ou t thi rteen h u nd re d m en u nde r ,

C ol onel B rown The n u mbe r of the C onfede rate s wh ose w ork s st retched al ong
.
,

the sh ore fro m the N avy Yard to F o rt McR ee in a c u rve for ab ou t fou r mile s
, , ,
3
w as ab ou t seven th ou sand c omm anded as in th e sp ri n g by Gene ral B raxt on , , ,

B ragg His defen se s c o n s i st e d O f F o rt s McR ee an d B arranc as an d fou rteen

.
,

sep arate b atte rie s m ou nting fro m on e to fou r g u n s e ach m any O f which
, ,

we re ten inch c ol um b iads an d se v e ral thi rt e en i n ch se a c oast m ort ars

-

,
- -
.

H aving dete rmin e d to att ack B ragg s w o rk s C ol o nel B ro wn i nvited fl ag ’

,

O ffice r Mc Kean w h o w as in c omm an d O f th e l i ttl e bl o ck ading sq u ad ro n th ere

,

o mpo s ed o f the N iaga ra R ich m on d an d M on t

( c g om ery
) to j o in him Mc , , , .

Ke an p rep ared to do so an d at a littl e before ten O cl ock o n the m orning of the ,

’
,

2 2d of N o ve m be r the he avy g u n s o f F o rt P i cken s O pe n ed u p o n

6
,
1 86 1 6

some t ran s p o rt s at the N avy Y ard Thi s w as the sig n al for .

McKean to act T he N iaga ra w as ru n in as ne ar F o rt M cR e e as the d e pth

.

O f water wou ld al l o w acc omp anied by the R ich m on d C apt ai n Ell i son T he , ,
.

l atte r bec ame in st antly engag e d in a h ot c onte st with the fo rt an d the w ater

th e m ai n aft fight Th y a xhibiti g m y h d a d h i i P ac l — th wa d i al d y cl ai m d ;

er he
t ,
e re e n ea n ar n en s o a e re r s re a e

al l d fl ag w h i ch I ail d t a fl g tafi th 4th f J ly w hich h a b h gi g th v i c : thi g ’

a
so n o n e o a s on e o u ,
s ee n an n ere e er s n e no n

l ft h w v b t th ta Th l d h v t i t p i pi c a d h v pi d it th i b m a a
e . o e e r, u e s rs . e e a e rs a e cu u n e e s, n a e nne on e r oso s s

t phy E v y
ro . i P ac l a h
er m y w d a d if m I m t h v a l g q tity f h i
on e n en s o d pl ty
as s or n un or . us a e ar e uan o a r, an en

f w d a d if m Th y ay if I w t b tak aliv I w t b p ti a c g d xhibit d ”

o s or s n un or s
. e s as o e en e, as o e u n a e an e e .

Thi cam p w a th
i s i d f th i l d h t m il f m F t Pick
s on Th t t w
e sea- s a a g d i
e o e s an ,
9. s or e ro or en s . e en s ere rr n e n

pa all l li f m i g pl a t av
r e n es, a d ach w a
or h l t d by a ca py f b gh a d h b t p t ct it
n e as n en u e s, n e s s e ere no o ou s n s ru s, o ro e

f m th h t
ro S a ta R a I l d i a l g a d a w a d ba k w ith a av g w i d th f ab t h alf a
e o sun . n os s an s on n n rro s n -
n , n era e o ou

m il e .

R p t f C l l H a v y B w t A dj ta t G
2 e or o o on e al E D T w d O ct b 1 1 th 1 861 al f C l l
r e ro n o u n -
en er . . o n se n , o er ,
so o o on e

Wm Wil . t G al A th
son O ct b 1 4th 1 861 ; C
o en er p d t f th A tl a tic I t lli g c a d A g ta
r ur, o er , orres o n en s o e n n e en er n u us

C n ti t ti al l t S
o s u m ap f P nsac l a B y a d vi ci ity
on /s . p ag 368 v l m I
ee o e o a n n ,
on e , o u e .

S pag 87 1 v l m I
ee e , o u e .
 T HE B O A ST or HO LLIN S .
113

b atte ry an d w as soo n j oi n ed in th e fight by th e N iaga ra T h e g u n s of F ort

,
.

P i cken s were al so b rou ght to b e ar u p on F ort Mc R ee ; an d at n oo n the artil

le ry O f th e forme r an d of B att e ry Sc ott an d al so of the tw o ve sse l s we re , ,

pl ay i n g u p o n the dev oted fort re ss an d the su rrou nding b att eri e s T h e g u n s .

o f Mc R ee we re al l sp e e d i ly si l e n ced b u t o n e T h o se of B arranc as we re s o on .

r ed u c e d to feeble e ffo rt s
; an d fro m th o s e at the N avy Y ard an d o n e or tw o ,

o the r b att e ri e s th ere w as n o re sp o n se for so m e time befo re the cl o se o f the

,

day .

T he b mb a dment f m o Fo rt P i cken s w as re su m e d e arly th e n e xt m or

r ro
“
n i n g b u t o wing to th e s h all o w n e ss of the w ate r th e ve ssel s c ould
, , ,

n ot get with i n ran g e O f F o rt M cR ee T he fi re of Pick e n s w as .

l ess rap i d b u t m o re e ff e ctive th an the day before McR e e m ade

,
.

n o re sp o n se an d th e o th er fort s an d the b atte ri e s an swe red fe ebly

,
At th ree .

o cl o ck in the aft e rn oo n a d e n se sm o ke aro se fro m th e v i ll age O f Warri n gt o n

’
, ,

o n th e we st o f the N avy Y ard an d at ab ou t the sam e tim e b u i ld i ng s in ,

Wolc o tt at the n orth of the y ard w e re in fl am e s T h e se vill age s we re

, ,
.

fi red by the mi ssil e s fro m the fo rt an d l arge p o rti on s o f th e m as well as O f , ,

th e N avy Y ard we re l ai d in ash e s T he b omb ardme n t w as kept u p u ntil

,
.

’
tw o o cl o ck the next m o rn i n g when it ce ased
l
, .

Af te r thi s b omb ardment of tw o d ay s the re w as q u i e t on Pe n sac o l a B ay ,

u ntil the fi rst day of the y e ar} when an oth e r artille ry d u el

o cc u rred l asti n g n e arly tw e lve h o u rs b u t d o i n g v e ry l i ttl e dam
, ,

age to e ith e r p arty .

L ooki n g farthe r we stw ard al o n g the G u lf of M e xic o w e o b se rv e l ittle , ,

sp ark s o f w ar th re at e n i n g a c o n fl agration at sev eral p o int s at ab ou t the ,

time wh e n th e e v e n t s we h ave j u st c o n sid ered w e re o cc u rring on the s h ore s

o f P e n sac o l a B a O n e o f the m ost n o t able o f the se min or h o stiliti e s w as
y .

exh ibited at the m o u th O f the M issi ssippi R ive r on the 1 2th of O ct obe r an d , ,

w as fi rst an n ou nc e d by C apt ain Ho ll i n s an O ld O ffi ce r o f the N ati on al n avy , ,

wh ose m e rit s w e re m u ch bel o w h is p re t e n si o n s as th e C o nfed e rate s to wh om , ,

h e O ffere d h is service s wh e n h e ab and o ned h is fl ag in May 1 8 6 1 soo n l e arn ed , , ,

to thei r c o st H o ll i n s st artl e d the p u blic with a t e leg raph i c d i sp atch to hi s

.

empl o ye rs at R i chm on d b oasti n g of a su cce ssfu l att ack o n the N ati on al ,

bl o ck adi n g fle e t at the S ou thwe st Pass O f the Mi ssi ssippi He cl aimed to .

h ave d riven al l th e ve sse l s ag rou n d on the b ar the re si nking on e O f them ,

an d
“ ”
peppe ring w e ll the o the rs ’
T h e O ffici al acc ou n t of th i s aff ai r sh o w e d .

th e fo ll o wing fact s :
J S Ho l l i n s w as placed in c omm and o f a p e c u li arly sh ap e d i ro n cl ad v e s
. .
-

an d n amed M a n assas At ab ou t fo u r O cl ock in the m or

”
se l c alled a
’
ram ,
.

n ing thi s ram w as see n app roach i n g the little bl o ck ad i n g squ ad

‘

ron c o n si sting O f th e w ar ste ame r R ic h m on d sl oop s o f w ar Vin

, ,
- -

cen n es an d P reble an d st e am te n d e r W at er W itch al l u nd er the

,
-
,

1 R p t C l l B w N v m b 24th 1 861 l f C m m d M K t S c
e or of o on e ro n, o e er a so o o o ore c ean o e re ar t y W ll e e s, Nov e m
l B gg t S m l C p N v m b 27 th 1 861
,

b er25 th 1 86 1 ; p t fG re or o e n e ra ra o a ue oo e r, o e er .

c py f th d i p tch d t d at F t J ck b l w N w O l
, ,

Th f ll w i g i e o o n s a o o e s a a e - or a son , e o e r e an s, O ct b o er i 2th 1 861

.

d iv i g
,

I t ight I att ck d th bl ck ad wi th m y littl fl t I cc d d aft

ns n a e e v y h o e rs e ee . su ee e . er a er s or t t ggl
s ru e, in r n

th m all ag d th S th w t Pa b xcept th P bl w h ich I k

e ro u n on e ou es ss ar, e e re e. su n .

“I a t
p d a p iz f m th m a d aft
c u re th y w f t i a d I p pp d th m
r e ro e ,
n er e ere as n s n e e re
:
e w ell; Th e re w ere no

Ca alti
su i d It wa a c m pl t cc —H m
es on o ur s e . s o e e su e ss O LL s.
”

VO L . II .
—8
 C ON FLIC T AT S O U THWES T PA SS .

c o mm and of C apt ain J oh n Po pe T he M an assas w as cl ose to the R ich m on d .

‘

before s he w as d i sc ov e red an d by the time th e w atch c o u ld give the al arm

'

, ,
“ ”
h e r iron p ro w h ad st ru ck the ve ssel ab re ast the p ort fore ch annels te aring -

a c o al sch o o n e r th at w as al on gside f rom

h er fast e ning s an d st aving a h o le in ,

the sh i p s side ab o u t fiv e inch e s in c ir ’

,

c u m fe re n ce tw o feet b e l o w the w ate r

‘

lin e T he ram then d re w off an d p ass .

, ,

in g aft m ad e an i n e ff e ct u al att e mpt to ,

’
b re ach the R ich m on d s ste rn The .

c rew of th e assail ed v e sse l h ad p romptly

h aste n e d to q u art e rs at th e fi rst al arm ,

an d as th e m o n st er p asse d ab re ast o f ,

the ship in the d ark n e ss h ad give n ,

it a v o ll e y fro m th e p ort b att e ry b u t ,

w ith wh at e ff e ct w as n ot k n own u nti l

s ome time afte rw ard .

A sig n al o f d an g e r h ad b e e n giv e n
to the o th e r v e ssel s They at o nce
B O LL IN 3
. 8 . &
.

slipped th e i r c able s an d go t u n d e r
w ay with o rd e r s to ru n d own to the P ass wh i l e the R ich m o n d sh o u ld
, ,

c o v e r thei r re t re at T hi s w as d one at fiv e o cl o ck In an att e mpt to p ass

.
’
.

the b ar the R ich m on d an d Vin c en n es g rou nd e d at ab o u t e i ght o cl o ck in

, ,
’
,

th e m orning wh e r e they we re b o mb ard e d for a wh i le by the fl f a n a ssas an d

’

, ,

so me fi re raft s w e re se n t d o wn to b u rn th e m
-
A littl e l at e r C o mm an d e r .
,

R obe rt Handy of th e Vin cen n es mi st ak i ng th e m e an i n g o f a sig n al fro m

, ,

P e p e ab an d o n e d h is ship pl ac e d a sl o w m atch at th e m ag az i n e an d with

, , ,

h is o ffi ce rs an d c re w fl e d s o m e to the R ic h m on d an d some to th e Wa ter

‘

Witch Happ i ly the fi re o f th e m atch expi red an d H andy an d h is men re

.
, ,
»

t u rned to the sh i p an d sav e d h e r T he fi re rafts se n t d own by Ho ll in s w e re .

-

h armle ss an d at ten o cl ock th e C on fede rate C o mm o d ore withd re w an d

,
’

ran u to F o rt J ack so n to se n d new s o f h is g re at

“vict o ry to R i chm o n d
p ,
.

T he o n ly d am age s i n flict e d by H o llin s we re slight b ru i se s on the c oal

s ch o o n er s i n k i n g a l arge b o at an d s t aving C apt ai n P o pe s gig
,
When h is ,
’
.

d i sp atch an d th e fact s w e re c o n sid e re d t o g e th e r they p ro d u ced g re at me rri ,

m ent th ro u gh ou t th e c ou nt ry at the e xp e n se of th e w e ak C o n fe d e rat e C om

”
m o do re .

T he w ou ld h ave b e e n a formid able e n emy to the bl ock ade rs at

lf a n assa s
a

the m ou th of the M i ssi ssippi in the h an d s of a c o mp e t e nt o ffi ce r It w as ,

.

so c on side r ed by the G o ve rnm e n t ; an d the app re he n si o n th at o th ers o f lik e

ch aract e r might be speed i ly fitted ou t at N e w O rl e an s h aste n e d the p re p ara ,

ti on s al re ady c ommenc e d fo r se n ding an exp ed i ti o n to th e L owe r Mi ssi ssippi ,

for the p u rp ose of c o nt ro lling it an d its c on necti n g w at e rs an d t aking p os ,

se ssi o n of the g re at c o mme r ci al city o n its b an k s T hi s expediti o n an d its .

re su lt s will be he re afte r c o n sid e red .

Thi q d h ad b pl ac d th by Fl ag
s s ua ron e en e ere -
o ffi c er c mm a d f th q ad
McKean , d P
o ac l a n er o e s u ron c
‘

en s o ,

f
or th p
e p f g a d i g th
ur ose ov l t c t
u r n e se e ra e n ran e s o th e Mi i ippi d cti g a b tt y t th h ad th
ss ss
,
an e re n a er a e e o
f
e

pa w hich w l d c mm a d th
sse s, ou ti vig tio n e en re n a a on o f th iv
e r er.
 NAVAL EX PED ITI O NS . 115

C HA P T ER V .

MI L IT ARY A N D N A VA L O PE RA T I ON S O N T H E C O A ST O F S O UT H CA B O LI N A —MI L IT AR Y
O PE RATI ON S O N T H E L I N E O F T H E PO T O MA C R IV E R .

AMPT O N R O ADS p re sented a S pect acle in O ct obe r, ,

simil ar to th at l ate in A u g u st of the Hatte ras e x e

p , ,

diti o n ; b u t m ore imp o s ing It w as a l and an d n av al .

arm ament fitted ou t for a d e s cent u p o n the b orde rs

,
.

of l owe r S ou th C arolin a am ong the c o as t i sl and s ,

between Ch arle st o n h arb or an d the S av ann ah R ive r .

The w ant of so me h arb ors u nde r the c ont ro l of the

G ove rnment in th at regi on as s t ati on s an d as pl ace s , ,

of refu ge o f the bl o ck adi n g ve ssel s d u ring the st o rm s of au t u mn an d wi nter ,

h ad c au sed the G o vernment to t ake acti o n on the s u bj ect even befo re the
me e ting o f C o ng re s s i n J u ly S o e arly as J u n e , a B oard of army an d n avy
.

office rs w as c o nve n ed at Washingt o n C ity T he B oard afte r c arefu l in v e s

1
.
,

tigation s m ade el ab o rate rep ort s an d i n acc ord ance with thei r re c om m e n
, , ,

d ati on s expediti on s w e re pl anned Th e Sec ret ary of the N avy wi th the

, .
,

h e lp of h is energetic assi st ant Mr F o x h ad so far m at u red an expediti on

,
.
,

fo r the S o u the rn c oast th at early i n O ct obe r rum ors of it beg an to att ract
, , ,

p u blic attenti o n It bec ame t an gible wh e n i n H ampt o n R o ad s a l arge

.

s qu ad ro n w as s een g ath e ri ng an d at A n n ap oli s a c on side rable l and forc e

,

w as c o llecting which it w as said w as to form a p art of the exp e diti o n

, , ,
.

Whithe r it w as to go w as a my s te ry to the p u blic an d it s de stin ati on w as ,

so u nce rt ain to the p o p u l ar mind th at it w as pl aced by c onj ect u re at alm ost

,

eve ry p o int of int ere st between C ape H atte ras an d G alve st on in Tex as ,
.

Even i n offici al ci rcl e s its d e stin ati o n w as gene rally u nkn own when it sailed ,

so well h ad the s ec ret been kept .

The l and force s o f the exp editi on which ass embled at Ann ap oli s in , ,

M aryl an d ab ou t fi fteen th ou san d in n umb e r were pl aced in ch arge o f B ri g a

, ,

d i e r Ge n e ral T W She rm an acting as m aj or gene ral T h e n av al p orti o n

-
. .
,
-
.

o f the exp e diti o n w as pl ac e d u nde r th e c o mm and o f C apt ain S F D u p ont . .

,

w h o h ad se rv e d as ch ai rm an o f the B oar d of In q u i ry j u st me n ti o ned T he .

fleet w as c omp ose d of fifty w ar ve ssel s an d t ran sp orts with twe n ty fi v e c oal ,
-

ve ssel s u n de r c o nv o y of the Van dal ia The se with the t roop s l eft .

, ,

Hampt o n R oad s an d p ro ceeded to se a on a m ost l o vely O ct obe r

“ “0 29
m orning h avi n g been s u mm one d to the m ovement at d awn by
, 361 4

the b oo mi n g of a gu n on the Wabash the C omm od ore s fl ag ship

0

’ -
.
,

T he de stin ati o n of th e expediti o n w as n ot g e n e rally kn o wn by the p arti ci

1 Thi s d
Boar w as o c m p d f Maj J h G B
ose o d rth E gi C p f th
or o n arn ar o e n n eer or s o e ar my , f
Pro essor Al x e

C t S v y a d C pt i Sam l F D p t a d Cha l H Davi

.
,

an d B h
er ac e, of th e oas ur e , n a ans ue . u on n r es . s, of th e Navy .
116 AN EX ED I P TI O N IN M O TI O N .

p ant s in it u ntil it w as w e l l ou t to se a when u nde r p e c u li ar ci rc u m s t ance s , , ,

as we sh all o b s e rve it w as ann ou nced to be Po rt R o y al e nt rance an d ,

h arb or an d the c oast i sl and s of S ou th ,

C aro l i n a .

T he army u nd er Sherm an w as
di vid e d int o th ree b rig ade s c om ,

m an de d re spectively b y B rig adie r

Gene ral s Egbe rt S Viel e I saac J .
,
'

Steven s an d Horati o G Wright ; al l ,

.

of them i n cl u ding the chi e f b e i ng , ,

g rad u ate s of the We st Point Milit ary

Ac ademy The t ran sp o rt s wh ich .

b ore the se t roop s we re ab ou t thi rt y

fi v e i n n u mbe r an d incl u de d s ome ,
l
p owe rfu l ste am sh ip s .

T h e l Vaba sh l e d th e w ay ou t to
se a, an d it s fo ll o we rs, m o ving in
8 F D UP O N T
th ree p arall e l line s an d occ u py ing a
. . .

s p ace of ab ou t twelv e mil e s e ach w ay m ade a m os t imp o sing app e arance ,

.

The w ar ve ssel s an d t ran sp ort s we re j u dici o u sly inte rm i ngled so th at the

-
,

l atte r might be s afely c onv o y e d D uring a g re at er p orti o n of the day of .

’

dep art u re th e y m o ved d own the c oast t ow ard st ormy C ap e Hat te ras m o s t
, ,

of the v e ssel s in sight of the s h ore of N orth C arolin a an d al l he art s chee red ,

with p romi se s of fi n e we athe r Th at night w as gl ori ou s The next day . .

w as fai r The sec on d night w as c alm an d b e au tiful T he re w as n o m oon

. .

v i sible ; b u t the s t ars we re b rilli ant T h e d re aded C ape Hatt e ras w as .

p ass ed in the dimne ss with su ch c almn e ss of se a th at on the fo ll owi n g ,

m orning a p assenge r on the A tl an tic c ou nt e d n o le ss th an thi rty eight Of -

the fi fty ve sse l s in sight from h er deck B u t on th at ev e n i n g,the aspect of .

,

the he aven s ch anged an d th e te rrible st orm al re ady me n ti on ed which s wept , , ,

o ve r H atte ras so fe arfu lly at the begin n i n g o f N o vembe r w as so o n e n cou n ,

”
tere d an d the expediti o n w as re ally
,
sc atte red to the w ind s S o c o mplete .

w as the di spe rsi on th at o n the m o rning of the 2d of N o vembe r o nly a , , ,

single ve ssel might be s e e n fro m the deck o f the W a bash F ort u n at e ly .

,

the re we re se aled orde rs on b o ard of e ach v e sse l The se we re O p e n e d an d th e .

,

1 ch c yi g f ll gi m t f m a d a v t am t f p vi i a d t
T h e A tla n ti an d B a lti c c , ea arr n a u re en o en n as ou n o ro s on s n s ore s,

w e re f th
o l g r cl Am g th th m
e ar e tabl v l m y h am d th Va d bil t O c a
ass. on e o er ore n o e esse s a e n e e n er , e n

Q uee n, E ic E mp irCi ty D a i l W b t
ss on , a d G a tR p b l i th l t t
re h vi g b m pl y d i th
,
n e e s e r, n re e u c, e a er a n e en e o e n e

B i ti h vic f th m p p d i g a p t f th C i m w A m g th l v l w fi
y b at calc l t d acc t f th i c p acity a d light d gh t f l d i g t p i h all w é d till
r s ser e or e sa e ur ose ur n ar o e r e an ar . on e e sse r e sse s er ve or

i f
s x err - o s, u a e ,
on ou n o e r a n rau , or an n roo s n s o n s

w t
a e rs Th . ti t g f th t p t w e en ti m at d tab t
re on n a e o t e ran s or s as e s e a ou on s .

Th v
3 l m v d i th f ll w i g d
e e sse s d c cti : T h W b h w fl k d by th g b t
o e n e o o n or er an o nn e on e a as as an e e un oa s

P aw O tt w a C l w I aa c P S m ith S
n ee, a a P m bi a
, U ad i l l a P g i
ur e ,
d R B F
s b es Th .
,
e n ec , e n ,
n ,
en u n , an . . or . e

B altic t w i g th O c a Emp
, o l d th c l m
n e th l ft d w a pp t d by th P ca h ta T h
e n r ess , e e o u n on e e ,
an s su or e e o on s
. e

I ll i i t w d th G l d
no s o E a gl a d w a f ll w d by th
e e oL t P i t S ta
en f th S th P a k b ge, n s o o e e ocus o n ,
r o e ou ,
r ere ur ,

B l mfl
e A l ba m a O a t
e r e, al a Ma i a G v d M h i ca
, o z a co c s, r on , o e rn or, an o n .

T h A tla tic l d th
e c t l li n d w a f ll w d by th
e Va d bi l t t w i g th G
e tR p b l ic ; th
e n ra n e, an s o o e e n er , o n e r ea e u e

Oc a Q
e n t w i g th Z a C fi ; d th w f ll w d by th Wi fi ld S c tt P t m c C l w ba
u een , o n e en s o n an e se ere o o e e n e o ,
o o a ,
a ia ,

O r ienta l Un io n, R B F orbes, Vix e n , an d O M P etit . . . . .

Th e E mp ir e City l e d th e r ,
o o e ight f ll w d by
th e Er i sson , P h i l a delp h ia, B e n D e F or d, F lorid a, R oan ok e, c
M a ta nz as, D a n iel Web ste r, A ugu sta, Ma yflo wer, P eerl ess, A r i el , M er u r y, O s eo l a, an d tw o e rr oa s c c f yb t -
.

T he en t w ty
d ve oa ar e s, o n o y e -
c lb g c v
th e Van d a l ia, h ad ee n se n o u t th e day e ore ,
-
ns ru ion s d by b t bf w ith i t ct
to re n e d zv
ous off th e a ann a er, so as to Sv h R iv
is ea as to th e rea es in a on o f th e e e ion m l d l d t ti xp d it .
 TERRIBLE S T O RM A T S EA .
117

pl ace of rendezv ou s O fl Port R oyal w as m ade k n own In th at fearful st orm

'

.
, , _

fou r t ran sp o rt ve ssel s we re l ost b u t n ot a d o zen p erso n s p e ri shed It w as

‘
, .

m ost re m arkable h ow sm all w as the agg re g ate am ou n t of di sast e r su ffered

by so l arge a n u mb er O f v esse l s in c omp any by a st orm so se v e re th at at ,

time s it w as a h u rric an e S o m e we re c o mp e lled to p art with freight in .

,

Ord e r to i n su r e salv ati on T h e g u nb oat Jll erc u ry l o st o n e o f h e r tw o r ifl e d .

g u n s thr o wn o v e rb oard to light e n h er ; an d the I saac P S m ith w as sav e d

, .
.

by p arting w i th e ight 8 i n ch g u n s in th e s am e w ay T h e si de whe e l st e ame r -

.
-

F l orida c arry i n g n i n e g u n s w as di sabl e d an d p u t b ack in di st re ss ; an d th e

, ,

B el v idere an d tw o N e w Y o rk fe rry b o at s (E th an A llen an d C om m odore -

P erry ) we r e c omp e lled to go b ack to F o rt re ss M o n ro e whe re th e y g ave the ,

fi rst p u blic n otice of the s t o rm an d the d i spe rsi o n of the fleet .

T he sad new s d i st u rbed the l o yal pe opl e w i th al arm an d di st re ss u ntil the

sm all am o u nt o f di sast e r w as k n o wn wh i l e the C o nfede rate new sp ape rs ,

we re j u bil ant with the exp re ssed id ea th at the el e m e nt s we re in le ag u e with

them in d est ro ying the ir e n emie s T h e st ars in thei r c ou rse s fo u ght ag ain st .

“
S i se ra o n e of them q u ote d an d add e d S o th e wind s of he aven fight f or
”
, , ,

the g oo d c au se o f S o u th e rn ind epend e nce L et the Deb o rah s of th e S ou th .

si ng a so n g O f delive ranc e T h at j o y ou s s ong w as ve ry b rief for wh i l st it

”
.
, ,

w as s well i n g i n fu ll ch oru s a v o ic e o f w ailing went o v e r the S ou th ern l and , ,

su ch as h ad n ot b een he ard since its wicked bet raye rs h ad rai sed the i r arm s

for the de st ru ct i o n o f th e R e p u blic an d the libe rtie s o f the pe o pl e .

“
O n S u n d ay m orning the st o rm b e g an to ab ate an d the ve sse l s ,

o f th e exped i ti o n to re asse mble arou nd the fl a

g ship When -
.

q
p assi n g C h arle st o n h arb or C omm od o re D u p on t se n t in C apt ai n ,

L ard n er with the S en eca to dire ct the S us u eh an n a o n b lockadin g du ty ,

th e re to pro ceed to Port R oy al ; an d o n the fo ll owing m orning at eight

, ,

O cl o ck th e Wa bash an ch ored O fl Port R oy al B ar in c omp any with twenty

'
’
,

fi v e ve sse l s whil st m an y o th e rs w e re c o n ti n u ally he aving in sight in the dim

,

O flin g .

The exped i ti o n w as n o w on th e thre sh o ld of a th eat e r o f g re at an d im

p ort ant eve n t s with m any d ifficu lti e s an d d an ge rs still before it T he awf u l
,
.

pe ril s of th e se a h ad b ee n p assed b u t the re we re othe rs n o le ss fe arfu l to be , , ,

enco u n te red in th e w o rk s of m an before it The re we re al so g rave d ange rs .

bene ath the w at ers on w h i ch th at arm ad a fl oated for the in su rgent s h ad as , ,

we h ave ob se rv e d rem o ved l ighth ou se s be ac o n s b u oy s an d eve ry help to

"
, , , ,

n avig ati o n all al o ng the S ou th e rn c o ast s Y et a remedy for thi s evil w as .

fou n d in th e pe rson of C o mm an d er C h arle s H D avi s (the fleet c apt ai n an d .

,

chi e f o f D u p o nt s st aff ) an d Mr B ou tell e of the C oast S u rvey a m an O f

’
,
.
, ,

l t v l w th G
3 Th e os P l O la a d U i
e sse s Th G e reC ptai Lit h fi ld
e o ver n or , eer ess, sc eo n n on . e ov ern or, a n c e ,

h vi g b d a b tt l i f m i
,

w a t am t a
as p t It f d d
s e S d y (N
r n s or . ou n mb g e re on un a ov. a n on oar a a on o ar n e s, n u eri n

8 50 A ll w
. v d by th f i gat Sa bi ( p g 366 v l m
ere sa e C pt i R i g l d xc pti g c p al d i
e r e ne se e a e ,
o u e a a n n o . e e n a or or an s x

m wh w
en, d w d c h d b t w th v l ; ly l l th a m d half f th cc t m t f th
o ere ro ne or ru s e e ee n e esse s n e ar a e r s an O e a o u er en s o e

d f ca t i d g T h P l w a m ll L k O t i t am
,

m i w
ar n es w d d b t e re ra , an a ou ro u n s o r r es . e eer ess as s a a e n ar o s e er,

l d d w ith b f c ttl I t ffic a d c w w av d by th g b t M h ic a C pt i G d

oa e ee a e
. s o Th p e rs n re ere s e e un oa o n, a a n or on . e ro

p ll O l a C pt i M ll al l ad d w ith b f cattl w a w ck d N th I l d a G g t w
e er sc eo ,
a a n on e
-
, so o e ee e, s re e on or s an ,
ne r e or e o n,

8 C a d it p pl 20 i
. .
,
n mb w s m d pi eo Th U i e, C ptai S w i w a w a d t ch
n nu e r, e re a e r son e rs . e n o n, a n a n, as ne n s an

t am
s e d w t her, an ff B a f t N C w ith a l g q en tity f t
as o re o w hich w l t I t c w a d e u or , ar e uan o s ore s, ere os . s re n

p a g a d a f w l d i i 11 73 p
. .
,

sse n ers, n w capt d a d t k i t th i t i

e so Th
e rs ta ch t am
. n 11 e rso n s, e re u re n a en n o e n e r o r. e s n s e er

Wi fi ld S tt with 500 m
n e f th F ifti th P
co ylv i a gi m t ba ly cap d d t cti
,
en o e e en n s an re en , re es e es ru on.

S pag 453 v l m I
1
‘

ee e ,
o u e .
 C O NFEDERATES A T P O RT RO YAL E NT R A NC E .

great sci en t ific skill w h o h ad re ce n tly b ee n e n g ag e d in m akin g a min u t e

,

e x am in ati on o f thi s c o ast By th ese w e ll i n fo rm e d m e n th e ch an n e l e n t ran c e .

-

to P ort R o y al S ou n d w as fou n d an d so w e ll b u o y e d in th e c o u rse of a f e w ,

’
h ours th at th e fl e e t m ight en t er w ith p e rfe ct safety At th re e o cl ock in th e .

aft e rn oon C o mm o d ore D u p on t w as i n form e d th at al l of h is gu n b o at s an d -

t ran sp orts d raw i n g l ess th an e ight een fe et w ate r m ight go forw ard With o u t
d an g er Th e mo v e m e n t c om m en c e d at on c e an d at t wilight th ese v esse l s
.
,

w e re al l an ch ore d in th e road st e ad o f P o rt R o y al .

T o o pp o se th e fu rth e r p ro g ress of th e e xp e diti o n th e C onf e de rat e s h ad ,

e arth w o rk s o n e ach sid e of Po rt R o y al e n t ran c e T h e on e on th e n o rth e rn .

sid e at B ay Po i n t Ph illip s I sl an d w as n am e d F o rt B e au re g ard an d th at

’
, , , ,

o n th e so u th ern sid e n e ar H ilt on He ad Hilt on He ad I sl an d w as c all e d

, , ,

F ort Walk er T h e l att e r w as a st ron g re gu l ar w o rk w i th t w en ty fou r gu n s ;

.
,
-

an d th e form e r th o u gh in f e ri o r to it in e v e ry resp e ct w as formi d abl e b e i n g

, , ,

arm e d w ith t w en ty g u n s .

F ort Walk er w as m an n ed w h en th e e x pe di ti on arriv e d by six hu n d re d , ,

1
t wen ty m en u n der G en eral T F D rayt on a w e althy l an d o w n er w h ose
, . .
,
-
,

m an si o n w as n ot m ore th an a m il e
di st an t from it st an di n g a fe w y ards ,

fro m th e b e ach an d o v e rl ookin g a ,

,

b e au tif u l e xp an se of l an d an d w at e r .

He w as a b ro th er of C apt ai n Perciv al
D rayt on c o m m an d er of th e P oca ,

h on tas o f thi s e xp e diti o n O n th e ,

.

b each at C am p L ook ou t six m il e s ,

from F ort Walk e r w ere sixty fi v e m en ,

-

of Sc riv en s g u e rrill as w h o act e d as

’
,

sc o u t s an d c ou ri ers fo r th e c o m m an d e r .

T h ese forc es w e re i n c re ase d b e fore th e ,

b attl e c om m en c ed to on e th ou san d ,

e ight h u n dre d an d thi rty se v en m en -

’
.

T h e forc e on B ay Po in t w as six h u n
F T D B A YT O N
dre d an d forty m en c omm an d e d by
. . .

C ol on e l R G M D u n o v an t ’
. O f th ese on e h u n d re d an d forty n i n e c on
. . .
,
-

sisti n g o f th e B eau fo rt V o l u n t eer A rtill e ry g arri son e d F o rt B e au reg ard , ,

u n d e r th e imm e di at e c om m an d of C apt ai n St e ph e n Elli o t t J r of B eau fo rt . .

, ,

D u n ov an t s i n fan t ry forc e w as st ati o n e d so as to p ro t e ct th e e ast ern p orti on

’

of Phillip s I sl an d an d th e e n t ran c e to T ren ch ard s I n l e t

’ ’
.
,

q
I n additi on to th e se l an d for c es th ere w as a littl e sq u ad ro n c all e d th e ,

Mu s u ito F l e e t u n d e r C om m od ore J osi ah T at n all a b rav e ol d v e t eran o f

”
, ,

th e N ati on al n avy w h o se rv e d w ith di sti n cti on in th e w ar o f 1 8 1 2 b u t w h o

, ,

h ad b een se d u c e d from h is all e gi an c e an d h is fl ag by th e si ren son g o f

su p rem e St at e so v ere ig n ty He h ad foll o w e d th e p o litici an s of h is n ativ e .

1 c m p i f Wag
T wo oS th C li Fi t R gi m t f A till y th c m p
an e s o n er s
’
ou aro na rs e en o r er ,
ree o i
an e s of H y a w ar d ‘
s

N i th S th C a li a V l t
n ou a d f c mp i f D
ro n t T w lfth S th C li
o u n e ers, n our o an es o u n o van
‘
s e ou aro na V l t o u n ee rs, u n der

Maj J or on e s .

9
Th f c m t w c m p d f 450 i f t y f m G gi a d c m m d f C
e re - en or e en s ere o ose o n an r ro eor , un er o an o a pt i B y ; C p
a n err a

t i R d b tt y f tw l O p d h wit a d 50 m
a n ee
'
s a er odC l lD S Fift
o -
ou n er o z e rs n e n , an o on e e au ssu re s
'
een th S th Ca li ou ro na

Vl t m b i g 650 m
o u n eers, n u er n e n. .

S pag 1 88 v l m I
ee e , o u e .
 P R E PA R AT IO NS FO R BAT TLE .
119

G eorgi a in th e w ick e d w ay s of t re ason an d in th e c ou rse of a fe w m on th s h e ,

h ad fall e n from h is high p ositi on o f an h on o re d c om m an d e r kin dly pl ac ed ,

by h is G o v e rn m e n t in a re t re at of e ase an d c om fort at th e n av al st ati on at ,

S ack e tt s Harb or on L ak e O n t ario in N e w York to b e th e chi e f m an ag er of

’
, , ,

a l ittl e fl otill a of e ight sm all arm e d st e am e rs th at h ad b een e m pl o y e d in

n avig atin g th e sh all o w w at e rs am o n g th e C o ast I sl an d s an d l osin g by l ack , ,

of su cc ess e v e n th e re sp e ct o f th ose w h ose b ad c au se h e h ad c o n se n t e d to

,

se rv e His achi e v e m e n t s on th e o cc asi o n w e are n ow c on sid e ri n g c on si st e d

.

of a h arm l e ss sh o w o f o pp o siti on to th e fl e e t w h e n it an ch o re d in Po rt R o y al

road st e ad ; a su cc e ssfu l re t re at from d an g e r w h e n a fe w sh o ts w e re h u rl e d at

h is v e sse l s ; assi stin g in th e flight of th e C on fe d e rat e l an d forc e s u p o n Hilt on

He ad I sl an d an d in th e d e st ru cti o n o f h is o w n fl o till a to p rev en t its c apt u re
,

by h is l at e b roth ers in th e N ati on al n avy .

" “
O n fi l e sday th e 5 th C o mm an d e r J o h n R og e rs a p assen g e r
, , ,
.

o 1 86 1 i

w i th D u p on t on h is w ay to h is o w n ship th e F l ag acc o m p an i e d
, , ,

by G e n e ral Wright m ad e a re c o n n o i ssan c e in forc e of th e C on fe d e rat e w ork s

,

in th e O tta w a su pp o rt e d by th e C u rlew S en ec a an d S m ith

,
Th e fo rt s on , , .

b oth sh o re s o p e n e d u p on th em as th e y d e si red th ey sh o u ld an d an e n g age , ,

m en t o f ab o u t th ree qu art e rs of an h ou r e n su e d by w hich th e st re n gth an d

-
,

ch arac te r o f th ose w ork s w e re fai rly t e ste d I n th e m e an tim e th e g reat .

,

Wa bash h ad p asse d safe ly o v er th e b ar an d e v ery th in g w as n o w ready fo r ,

an att ack It w as d e l ay e d by an u gly w i n d off sh ore an d m e an w hil e th e

.
,

C on fe d erat e s w e re re—en f orc e d an d th ei r w o rk s w e re st ren gth e n e d .

T h u rsd ay th e 7th d aw n e d gl ori ou sly T h e t ran sp ort s w ere al l in sight

, ,
.
,

an d in th e light of th e m orn i n g su n a g ran d sp e c

tacl e w as sp e e dily p re se n te d It h ad b ee n asoe r .

tain e d by R og e rs an d Wright th at F o rt Walk e r ,

o n Hil to n Head w as by far th e m o st p o w e rfu l o f ,

th e d e fe n se s an d u p o n it th e b o l ts of th e fl ee t w e re
,

chi efly h u rl e d T h e ord er of b attl e c om prise d a .

m ai n sq u ad ron ran g e d in a l in e ah e ad an d a fl an k , ,

in g sq u ad ron w hich w as to b e th ro w n off on th e ,

n o rth ern se cti o n o f th e h arb or to e n g ag e th e ,

e n em y s fl o till a an d p re v en t th em tak
’

in g th e re ar ship s o f th e m ai n li n e w h e n it t u rn e d
to th e so u th w ard o r c u tti n g off a di sabl e d v e sse l
” F O W KE R H O N H
.
l RT AL , I LT EAD .

T h at fl otill a w as th en lyi n g ata safe di st an c e b e t w e en Hil ton He ad an d Pari s

I sl an d s .

T h e pl an of att ack w as to p ass u p m id w ay b etw een F o rts Walker an d

B e au re gard (w hich w e re ab ou t tw o m il e s ap art ) re c e ivi n g an d ret u rn i n g th e ,

fi re o f b oth ; an d at th e di st an c e of tw o an d a h alf m il es n o rth w ard o f th e

l att er rou n d by th e w e st an d cl osin g in w i th th e form e r at tack it on
, , ,

S c ta y f th N vy N v m b 1 1 th 1 86 1 T h m i q ad
q
1 R e po rt of C
om m o dore D u p tt on o th e e re r o e a ,
o e er ,
. e a n s u ron

c i t d f th Wab a h C m m d C R P R g l d i g ; f igat S
on s s e o e ha a C pt i
s ,
JL L d ;
o an er . . . o ers, ea n r e us ue nn ,
a a n . . ar n e r

l p M M
s ee M C mm d L W G d
O CG ; l p S m i l C m m d J P G illi ; l p P w L i t t
, o an er . o r on s oo e n o e, o an er . . s s oo a n ee, e u e n an

c m m d i g T H St v ; g b at P m b
o an n Li . t t c m m d i g J P B kh d ; ili g l p Va
. e en s un o e
’

z n a, e u e n an o an n . . an ea sa n s oo n

da h a t w d by th I aa c P S m it
h Li t t c m m d i g J W A N ich l T h fl ki g q d
'

,
o e e s . e u e n an o an n . o so n . e an n s ua ron c on
, . .

i t d f th g b t Bi m Zl C m m d Ch a l S d m l ad i g ; S ca Li t t c m m d i g
s s e o e un oa s en
'

e, o an er r es te e an , e n en e , e u e n an o an n

Da i l A m m
n e ; Uw l w L i t t c m m d i g P G Watm gh ; P g i L i t a t c m ma di g F A
en r e , eu e n an o an n . . ou en u n, eu e n n o n n . .

B dd ; a d A g ta Com m a d E G Pa tt
u n u us , n er . . rro .
 BAT TLE O F P ORT R O YAL EN TRAN CE .

its w e ak est fl an k an d en fi l ade its tw o w at er fac e s T h e v esse l s w e re to p ass

, .

ab re ast o f th e fo rt v e ry sl o w ly m th e o rd e r o f b attl e an d e ach a v oid b e com , ,

in g a fix e d m ark for th e C o n fe d e rat e g u n s O n re achi n g th e sh oal g rou n d .

m aki n g off from th e e xt rem i ty of Hilt on He ad th e li n e w as to t u rn to th e ,

n orth by th e e ast an d p assi n g to th e n o rth w ard ,

to en g ag e F o rt Walk er
, ,

w ith th e p ort b att ery n e are r th an w h e n fi rst on th e sam e c o u rse T h e se .

e v o l u ti on s w e re to b e re p e at e d T h e c apt ai n s of th e v e ssel s w e re c all e d o n .

b oard th e Wabash an d fully i n st ru ct e d in th e m an n e r of p ro c ee di n g ; an d

,

thi s pl an of p u rsu i n g a se ri es of e lliptic al m ov em en t s w as st rictly fo ll o w e d

in th e e n g ag em en t th at en su e d .

T h e sig n al to ge t u n d er w ay w as giv e n at e ight o cl o ck in th e m o r

’

“
n in g an d th e acti on c om m e n c e d at ab o u t h alf p ast n i n e by a
,
-
,

gun at F o rt Walk e r w hich w as i n st an tly fo ll ow e d by o n e at F o rt ,

B e au re g ard Th e Wabash i mm e di at e ly re sp on d e d an d w as fol

q
.
,

l o w e d by th e S u s u eh an n a Af te r th e fi rst p re sc rib e d t u rn th e sig n al for.

,

cl oser acti on w as giv en at a q u art e r p ast ten th e l Vabash p assi n g F o rt, ,

Walk e r at a di st an c e w h en ab reast of e ight h u n d re d y ard s In th e desig~

, ,
.

At h alf p ast el e v en th e fl ag o f F ort Walk er

q
h at e d o rd er th e fight w e n t o n .
-

w as sh ot aw ay an d th e h e avy g u n s of th e Wa ba sh a n d S us u eh an n a h ad
,

so
“di sc om fort e d th e e n em y ”
,

D u p o n t re p o rt e d an d th e sh e ll s ,

from th e sm all er v e sse l s w ere

falli ng so thickly u p on th em at
th e e n fi l adin g p o i n t } th at th eir
fi re b e c am e sen sibly w e ak er an d
w e ak er u n til th e i r g u n s c e ase d , .

alt o g e th e r to re ply A t a q u ar .

te r p ast on e P M th e O ttawa . .
,
,

sig n al le d th at th e fort w as ab an

don e d .

F ort B e au re g ard w as al so
sil e n t an d ab an d on e d T h e gar .

ri son s o f b oth h ad fl e d for th e ir

liv e s Acc o rdi n g to th e offici al .

an d u n offici al re p ort s of th e C on

fed e rat e offic ers an d c orre sp on d

e n t s F ort Walk er h ad b e c om e ,
m m " u " .

th e sc en e of u tt er d e so l ati on at ,

n o on D i sm o un t e d c an n on l ay .

in all di re cti on s an d th e d e ad
P LA N B E P O O Y E NC ,
OF AT T L Al ‘ RT R AL N TR A E
'

an d dyi n g w ere se e n on e v e ry
.

sid e . Th e pl ac e h ad b e c om e u tt e rly u n t en abl e y e t it w as a p e ril o u s thi n g ,

1 p t Rp t
Du s on
‘
e or .

C d J h R g i a l tt t a f i d ai d
om m an er o n o ers, n e er o r en ,
s

D i g th acti
ur nI l k d c e f lly atth f t w ith p w f l py gl ass Sh ll f ll i i t t t w ty ight
on oo e are u e or a o er u s -
. e e n ,
no en -
e

i a mi
n t b f ta h
n u e, f t b t th g d i a g ll p T h
ut as as s a i ta c w h ic ; b t wh at c l d
orse s
'

ee ea e ro u n n a o . e re s s n e as ero u ou

fl h a d bl d d g i t ch fi ?
es n oo o a a ns su a re i

Th W ba h wa
e d t i g a g l h g i g th h calli g th
a s s a e s ro y d i g w ith c l d i d i ff c l w
n n e , u g n e s ore , n e sou n n s o n e re n e, s o

i g th
n gi
e en a ly t giv t
n e so w y ig
s on lli g t th v l th i v a i
o v l ti a d atth am
e s eerag e - a ,
s na n o e e sse s e r r o us e o u o n s, n e s e

ti m ai i g h ll a w ith ta g t p a tic t fa t t c t
e r n n s e s, s r e r c e, oo s o ou n .
”
 RETREAT FRO M BAY P OINT . .

1 21

tol e av e it A n e p e n sp ace of a m il e di re ctly in ran g e of th e N ati on al g u n s

.
, ,

l ay b e t w ee n th e fo rt an d a thick w oo d to w hich th e y m u st go for sh e l te r .

Ac ross t hi s th e y ran e ach m an fo r hi m se lf div est e d of e v e ry thi n g th at , ,

m ight m ake h im a l agg ard E ach of th e w o u n d e d w as pl ac e d in a bl an k e t .

an d b o rn e aw ay by fo u r m e n b u t th e d e ad w e re l e ft T h e g arri son w i th ,
.
,
.

th e i r c om m an d e r ran six m il e s ac ross th e i sl an d to S eab rook w h e re th e y

, , ,

e m b ark e d f or S av an n ah .

S o too at F o rt B e au re g ard th e re t re at h ad b e e n h asty G e n e ral D rayton .

h ad v ai n ly e n d e av o re d to sen d o v e r re en forc em en t s to th e littl e g arri son -

th e re th at fou ght b rav e ly

,

an d w e ll S e e i n g d an g er .

o f b e i n g c u toff from re t re at ,

C o l on e l D u n o v an t ord ere d
th em to fl ee w hi l e th e re w as
a ch an c e fo r safe ty L e av .

i n g an i n fe rn al m achi n e in
'

F o rt B e au re g ard fo r a m u r
d e re u s p u rp ose an d a n ot e ,
‘

for C o m m o d o re D u p o n t “
,

C apt ai n Elli ott an d h is com

m an d re t re at e d w ith th e re st
o f th e t ro op s fi rst to St ,
.

Hel en s th e n to P ort R o y al
’
,

I sl an d an d th en to th e ,
P N u LA or re ar n ua n ae a n n .

m ain w ith all p ossibl e h ast e for th e Ch arl est o n an d S av an n ah R ail w ay

, ,
.

T h e l oss on b o ard th e fl ee t d u ri n g th e acti o n w as v e ry slight D up on t .

3

re p ort e d it at thi rty o n e o f w h om e ight w e re kill e d T h e C on fe d e rat e -

,
.

o fiice rs re p o rt e d th e i r l o ss in b oth fo rt s at fi fty o f w h om ten w e re kill e d in ,

F o rt Walk e r b u t n on e in F o rt B e au reg ard O n th e e v e n i n g su cc e e di n g th e

,
.

b attl e a p ro c e ssi on of se v e n t e e n b oats fro m th e Wabash c on d u c te d th e

, , ,

rem ain s o f th e d e ad to th e i r b u ri a l pl ac e on Hilt on He ad n e ar Po p e s m an -

,
’

1 i f m f C ptai ( ft w d G al ) E lli tt
T h e fa r a h m m
e o dh bl l d i
a c iv d a
n a er ar s e n er o as a u an e an an on ora e so e r re e e n

a ab l bl m i h by
u n er e t t thi
e ti m p f ctly c i t t w ith th fi d i h pi i t f th c pi t b t
e s an ac a s e er e on s s e n e en s s r o e o ns ra ors, u

no t at ll wi th w h t c m m
a sop t y w h i w H l ft th C f d t fl g fl yi g d it
a o on re or sa s as s o n. e e e on e era e a n ,
an s

h alli d c ar ct d w ith p c i
s so p pp at
on n e th t w h th vict h l d t th f t d tt m pt
e a e r u ss o n - ca a ar us, a en e ors s ou en er e or an a e

t p ll d w th
o u ig f t o a mi
n f g p wd b th w l d b xpl d d F t t ly th a g
e en s n o re aso n , ne o un o er e ne a ou e e o e . or u n a e ,
e arr n e

m twen d f ctiv th t lif w a l t by p ti l xpl i that cc d

as so e e e a no e s os a ar a e os o n o ur re .

T h f ll wi g i c py f E lli tt t t D p t
e o o n sa o o o
’
s no e o u on

B y P i t N 7 th 1 861 a o n , ov .
,
.

W c m p ll d t l v tw w d d m
e are o T at th m ki d ly ac
e e d i g t th p t yi g— Haud
o ea e o oun e e n. re e n , cor n o e oe
’
s sa n
‘

ig a a ma l t m i
n r i di W aba d t bl p iti th t w m y d th ca
ser e su ccu rr cr e f th ec o .
’
e n on ou r u n e n a e os on a e a o e use o e .

C f d at St t b tt
on e er vi l wh e a es R p ctf lly e e r se r ce e se ere . es e u ,
“S T E PHE N E O LLI TT , JR .
”

ti q t ti i th b v i li f m Vi gil E ad i w hich D i d m m b i g h w m i
q
’
T h e La n uo a on n e a o e s a ne ro r s ne ,
n o, re e er n er o n s

f t
or u n e s,piti th f E I t ay
es N t i t d w ith m i f t
e e rro rs o Ih v l d t cc th
n e as . s s, o u n ac na n e s o r u n e, a e e arn e o su or e

di t f th
s resse s o I am i d bt d t th R
o J h W t (w h w ch apl ai at th U 8 G al H pit l
e rs .
”
n e e o e ev . o n o ar o as n e . . en e r os a

at Hilt H d wh I vi it d th t p t i Ap il 1 866 ) f c py f E lli tt t t k f m th igi l by ‘

on ea en s e a os n r or a o o o s n o e, a en ro e or na
,

C ptai Law f th N w Hamp h i th a i th t h b

a n ,
o T h h ma
e e i j cti f E lli tt w a i a pi i t
s r e, n n a . n 0 r. e u ne n un on o o s n s r

d i ctly pp d t h i a ti th m tt f th i f l m achi H d btl act d d th d f h i

re o o se o s c n e a er o e n e rn a ne . e ou e ss e un er e or ers o s

p i
su er ors C ptai E lli tt b c m a b ig d i g
. a l a d c m m d d F t S m t d i g a g t p ti
n o e a e r a er- e n era ,
n o an e or u er ur n rea e r or on

of th i g f th t f t
e s e H w
e o bl w p by th xpl i f th m i t P t b g w h
a or re ss .
f hi
e m as o n u e e os on o e ne a e e rs ur ,
e n on e o s ar s

b k l i d i d t Aik S th C li a i M ch 1 866 ‘

w as ro e n. e e a en , ou aro n n ar

l g g d w all m
.
.
,

Th v e l i j d by th C f d at c
e sse s e n a e Th W ba h w
e re t ck o re o r e ss n u re e on e er e an n on . e a s as s ru

thi ty f ti m
r -
I t m ai m t w a i j
o ur d b y d h p f pai it iggi g wa t d it wa m d t l ak
e s. s n as s n ure e on e e o re r, s r n s cu ,
an s a e o e

b ad ly .
 LAN DIN G O F NATI O NAL T R OO P S .

i
s on , in g rov e of pal m an d o rang e t rees n ot far from th e fort ; an d o n th e
a ,
“
foll o w i n g day D up on t i ssu e d a st irrin g g en e ral o rd er in w hich
, o , ,
“N W S “
after sp e aki n g l n p rai se of his oflic e rs an d m e n h e said : The
’ ‘

,
1 86 1 .

fl ag offi ce r fu lly sy m p athiz e s with th e o ffi c e rs an d m e n o f th e

-

sq u ad ron in th e sati sfacti o n th e y ,

m u st fee l at see i n g th e e n sig n of th e

Un i on on c e m ore in th e S tat e of
Sou th C aro li n a w hich h as b ee n th e ,

chie f p rom ot e r of th e w ick e d an d

u n p ro v o k e d re b e lli on th e y h av e b e en
”
c alle d u p on to su pp ress T h e fl ag s .

c apt ure d at th e fort s w e re sen t to

th e N avy D e p art m e n t W h e re th e y ,

w ere p u t to a b e tt e r u se as c u rt ain s
fo r a w i n d o w
Up to th e ti m e w h en th e fo rt s w e re
sil e n c e d th e l an d fo rc e s w e re o nl y ,

spe ct at ors o f th e c on flict th en it w as

th e ir t u rn to act an d p ro m ptly th e y ,

p e rfo rm e d th e i r d u ty T h e t ran sp ort s .

m m s x 38 .
c on t ai n in g th em at on c e m ov e d for
w ard th e l au n ch e s w e re p re p are d an d a fl ag of t ru c e w as se n t ash ore to ask
, ,

w h eth e r th e g arri son h ad su rre n d e red T h e re w as n o on e th e re to re sp on d . .

T h e U n i on fl ag w as h o i ste d by C o m m an d e r R og ers am id th e g ree ti n g s o f

‘
,

ch e ers from th e fl e e t an d t ran sp orts ; an d v e ry soon th e su rfac e of th e w at er

w as d ark w ith a sw arm of t ro op s in b oat s m ad e sp e ci ally f o r su ch o cc asi o n s .

E arly in th e e v e n i n g th e b rig ad es of G e n eral s Wright an d St e v en s h ad l an d e d

,

on th e b e ach w hich w as so fl at th at th e w at e r is al w ay s sh all o w a l on g d is

,

t an c e o u t Wright s m e n l an d e d fi rst cl ose by F ort Walk e r ; an d so e ag er

.
’
,

w ere th e y to t re ad th e so il o f S ou th C arol in a th at m an y o f th em l e ap e d ,

f rom th e b o at s an d w ad e d ash ore F ort Walk er was form ally t ak en p osses .

si on o f an d G e n eral Wright
,

m ad e h is h ead q u art ers n ear -

it at th e ab an d on e d m an si on
,

of Wil liam Pop e an d th e ,

on ly d w e llin g h o u se at th at -

p oi n t It h ad b een th e h e ad
.

q u art ers of G e n eral D rayt on.

G en e ral S tev e n s s b rig ad e ’

c on sist in g o f th e S e v en ty a H O N m a
,
’
PO P E B n ou s ,
I LT n .

n i n th N e w Y o rk an d Eighth Michig an c rosse d o v er to B ay Po in t th e n e xt ,

m orn i n g an d t o o k p ossess1 on of F ort B e au re gard

,
T h e v ict ory w as n o w .

c om pl e t e an d th e u n iv e rsal jo y w hich it c re at e d in th e F re e l ab or St at es
,
-

fou n d p u blic e xp ressi on in m an y pl ac e s ; for it se em e d as if th e h an d of

1 C om m o d
p t R g w t t f i d h ad ki d ly m ad m h i id I t d by h im a d I
ore Du on ,
”
o e rs ro e o a r en ,
n e e s a . s oo ,
n

d i d littl thi g w hich I pp gai d m c d it 8 w h b at w

e n s su t h t a k w h th th h ad
ose ne e re . 0, en a o as se n o n s o re o s e er ey

surren d d Iw
e re t I ca i d th Sta
,
as se nd St i p I f
. d th m p a t tt ly d l t a d I pl t d
rr e e rs an r es . ou n -
e ra r s u er e so a e , n an e

th A m ic
e er fl anp th m pa t w ith m y w h d —fi tt tak
ag u o n ose ra i i th m j ty f th U it d
r s o n an s rs o e p o ssess on, n e a es o e n e

Stat f th b l il f S th Ca li a “
e s, o e re e so o ou ro n .
 S HERMAN S PRO CLAMAT IO N ’
.
1 23

t ibu tiv e j u stic e ; so l ong wi thh e ld

re r ,
w as a b ou t to be l aid h eav ily u p o n th e
‘
chi e f ofl en de r S ou th C aroli n a
'

.
,

A th rill p ervaded th e l oyal l an d

W h e n th e gladden n g idin gs cam e to h an d ; i t
Each h e art f e oy s e m o ion
’
lt j t
Th e gl o o m an d dou b disp erse d,
cl ou ds of t
Th e su n of h op e rough t h e ark n ess b u rst, th d
’
l
An d th e z ea th e p a r o s h eart h ad n u rsed ti t
Bu rn e d w i h a w arm d evo ion
”
t t .

L o y ali sts w as e q u al e d in i n t e n sity by th e sad n ess of th e

of th e
jy The o

Se c essi on i st s e v e ry w h e re T h e l att e r p erc e iv e d th at an i rrep arabl e bl ow h ad .

b een d e alt ag ai n st th e i r c au se an d th rou gh ou t th e C o n f e d e racy th ere w as ,

m u ch w aili n g l am en t ati on an d bitt er re c rim i n ati on s

,
It w as b e li e v e d th at ,
.

Ch arl e st on an d S av an n ah w ou ld soo n b e in p o ssessi on of th e N ati on al forc es ,

an d th at F ort s S u m t e r an d P u l aski w ou ld b e
“ rep osse ssed
”
by th e G ov
e rn m e n t .

G e n eral R S Ripl e y an ol d arm y offi c e r w h o h ad ab an d on e d h is fl ag

. .
, ,

w as th e C on fe d e rat e c om m an d e r of th at sea c oast dist rict h avi n g h is h e ad -

2
,

q u art ers at Ch arl e st on He h ad arriv ed .

o n Hilt on He ad j u st b e fore th e acti on

c omm e n c e d b u tre ti re d to C o o saw h atchi e

,
.

on th e m ai n sati sfi e d th at n o gl o ry w as ,

to b e achi e v e d in a fight so h o p e l e ss on
th e p art o f h is fri e n d s It w as u n d er h is .

advic e th at th e C on fe d e rate t roo p s ab an

don e d th at re gi on to th e o cc u p ati o n of
th e N ati o n al forc e s T h e l att e r fact w as .

o ffi ci ally an n o u n c e d by G e n e ral Sh e rm an ,

in a p ro cl am ati on to th e p eopl e of S o u th
C aro li n a on th e day afte r th e b attl e .

Unf ort u n ate ly a p orti on of th at p re cl a ,

m ati o n w as c o u ch e d in su ch t erm s th at ,

n e ith er th e p e rson al p rid e n or th e p o liti

P EY X . 8 . RI L .

c al p re t en si o n s o f th e re b e lli o u s l e ad ers

w as o ff e n d e d It w as so l acki n g in p o sitiv e n e ss th at th e y re g ard e d it w ith

.

3
pe rfe ct i n di ff eren c e I n de e d it w as diflicu l t to get th em to n otic e it at al l
.
,
.

1 In al l th e citi b St t fl ag w fl g t a d i m y pl c lv f a
es an d t ow n s in th e F ree La or a es s ere un ou , n n an a e s sa os o c n

no n w fi d Th chi m f T i ity ch ch i th city f N w Y k b ath it g t fl g th t fl t d f m

e re re . e es o r n ur ,
n e o e or , en e s re a a a oa e ro

it pi
s s g t tw ch g
re , ran ight b ll a d t w lv ai
ou o d th d i cti f M Ay l iti th c l b t d
an es on e e s, n e e rs, u n er e re on o r
.
‘

e, e e e ra e

ch im i t T h s i w
. f ll w :H il C l m bi ; Y k D d l ; Ai f m Chil d f th R gi m t ; H m
e a rs e re as o o s a o u a an ee oo e r ro o e e en
"
o e,

S w t H m ; La t R
ee o f S mm
e ; Ev si g B ll ; St Sp a gl d Ba
ose o Ai by D B i t ; A i f m F a
u er en n e s ar n e n ner rs e er e rs ro r

Di v l a o oC l m bi th G m f th Oc ; H il C l m bi ; a d Y a k D d l
o u a, e e o e ea n a o u a n n ee oo e .

Th S c t i e f W d f th N vy p blicly t d
e re ar e s o d t th c m m a d f th xp d iti a d t th i
ar an o e a u en e re o e o n e rs o e e e on n o e r

m en th k a d th l tt i d a G
an s, n l Od e th l 6 th f N v m b
a er i w hic h i t w
ssu e d i ct d th t e n e ra r er o n e o o e e r, n as re e a a

na ti l al t h l d b fi d f m ch vy y a d t m id ia
on a s u e s ou th d y f t
e re th c pti t c m m m at
ro ea na -
r a er n on e a a er e re e on, o o e or e

th ig al vict y
e s n or

pag 31 1 v l m I
.

3
S ee e ,
o u e .

H ck w l d g d th i p t
e a no i t Stat v ig ty by p aki g f th d ict t f d ty w hich h
e e e r re e n s on s o e so ere n s e n o e a es o a u e
“
ow d “
et ag t v ig St t a d h fl tt d th m by p ki g f th
o re a so e re n m a p d a d h pit bl
a e n e a ere e s ea n o e s a rou n os a e

p pl m g w h m h h d p d m f th pl
eo e. a on o t t d y f h i lif T h h
e a d th m th t th ey w
asse so e o e e asan e s a so s e.
”
en e assu re e a e re

i a t t
n f acti v
s a e o b lli g i t th l w f th i w c t y d th t th civiliz d w l d t d m z d t
e re e on a a n s e a s o e r o n ou n r , an a e e or s oo a a e a

th i c d app ll d by th c i m th y w c m m itti g agai t th i w m th H a t d m ”

e r our se , an a e e r e e ere o n ns e r o n o er. e n rra e so e
 FLI GHT F O M T HE C OAS T
R I SLAN D S .

M essen ge rs w e re sen t w ith it un d e r a fl ag of t ru c e fi rst to Po rt R o y al I sl an d, , ,

an d th en c e to th e m ain T h e C on fe d e rat e oflic e rs th e y m e t t o ld th e m th e re

.

w ere n o “ ”
l o y al citiz en s in S ou th C aroli n a an d th at n o oth e rs w an t e d it , ,

an d advi se d th e m to t u rn b ack with th e i r b u n dl e of p rocl am ati on s T hey .

act e d u p on thi s re c omm e n d ati o n an d so e n d e d th e att e m pt to c on cili at e th e ,

S ou th C aro li n i an s .

G e n e ral Sh e rm an set vig orou sly to w ork to st ren gth e n h is p ositi o n on

Hilt on He ad for it w as to b e m ad e a d e p o t of su ppli e s M e ch an ic s an d
, .

l um b er h ad b ee n b ro u ght ou t in th e t ran sp ort s B u ildin g s w e re sp ee dil y .

e re ct e d ; al so an i m m e n se w h arf ; an d in a sh o rt ti m e th e pl ac e assu m e d th e

o u t w ar d app e aran c e o f a m art o f c o m m e rc e M e an w hil e D u p on t se n t h is .

,

arm e d v e sse l s in v ari o u s di re c ti o n s am o n g th e i sl an d s an d u p th e riv e rs o f

th e c o ast of S o u th C aro li n a in th e d ire cti on o f Ch arl e st o n ; an d b e fo re th e ,

cl ose of N o v e m b e r e v e ry soldi e r o cc u pyi ng e arth w ork s fou n d h ere an d th e re

, ,

an d n e arly e v e ry w hite i n h abit an t h ad ab an d on e d th o se i sl an d s an d fl e d to ,

th e m ai n l e av in g th e n e g ro e s w h o re fu se d to acc o m p an y th e m to o cc u p y
, , ,

th ei r pl an t ati on s an d h ou se s E v e ry w h e re e vid e n c e s o f p an ic an d h asty .

,

d ep artu re w e re see n ; an d it is n ow b e li e v e d th at h ad th e vict o ry at P ort ,

.

R o y al be e n i m m e di at e ly foll o w e d u p by att ack s o n Ch arl e st on an d S av an n ah , ,

b oth ci ti e s m ight h av e be e n an e asy p re y to th e N ati on al fo rc e s B e au fort .

,

a d e lightful city o n Po rt Ro y al I sl an d w h e re th e m o st ari st o c ratic p ort i o n o f ,

“
S ou th C aro lin a so ci e ty h ad su m m e r re sid e n c e s w as e n t e re d an d , ,
‘
its arm s an d m u n iti on s o f w ar se iz e d w ith ou t th e l e ast re si stan c e , ,

th e re b e i n g it w as re p o rt e d o n ly o n e w hi te m an th e re n am e d, , ,

All e n (w h o w as of N o rth e rn bi rth ) an d w h o w as too m u ch o v e rc o m e w ith ,

fear or st ron g d ri n k to giv e an y i n t e lligibl e acc oun t of affai rs th e re Th e .

9

n e g ro e s e v e ry w h e re e vi n c e d th e g re at est d e light at th e adv en t o f th e Y an

”
k ee s ab o u t w h o m th e i r m ast e rs h ad t o ld th e m fe arfu l t al e s ; an d it w as a
,

m ost t o u chi n g sight to see th e m — m e n w om e n an d child re n — fl oc kin g to , ,

th e i sl an d sh o re s w h e n th e v e sse l s appe are d c arryi n g li ttl e b u n dl e s c on t ai n ,

in g al l th e ir w o rldly g oo d s an d w i th p e rfe ct fai th th at th e i n v ad e r w as th e ir ,

of th i c i m i m pl d th m t pa a d w d th m th t th y w l d b i g g at vil p th i Stat
e r r e s, ore e o u se h n arn e e a e ou r n re e s u on e r e .

H e assure d th m th t h a d h i t p w l d p t a y c tit ti al blig ti t th m d b gg d th m

e a e n s roo s ou re s ec n on s u on o a ons o e ,
an e e e

t b li v th t if i th p f m a c
o e e e a f th i d ty i
, n f ci g th N ti l th ity m f th
e e r or n e o blig ti e r u n e n or n e a on a au or , so e o ose o a on s

s h l d b gl t d ch gl ct c m l b ca
ou e ne ec e , f th
su c iti f th c
ne e Th g l hdb
a e on y e use o e
"
n e e ss es o e ase
”
e e n e ra a ee n

S p ci ll y i t ct d by th W D pa tm t t t t ll l v a G l B tl h d b
.

e a n s ru e e ar th iz d t t t
e r en o re a a s a es s en era u er a ee n au or e o re a

th m t F t M
e a a d t
or re ss ll l y l m t
on roe , th t C g s w l d p vi d j t c m p ati t th m
n o ass u re a o a as ers a on re s ou ro e us o e ns on o e

for th l e f th l ab
o ss o f th i l v t k i t th p blic vic
e or o e r s a es a en n o e u ser e

Am g th t phi
.

1 on c d at B f t d w ( 1 867) p
e ro e s se v d t th W hi gt N y Y d w a
u re e au o r , an no re se r e a e as n on av ar ,
s a

6 p d b a ca w hich h d b c pt d f m th -
o un er r ss n n o n, a een a u re ro e

B iti h w hil di g th c a t f S th C l d i g r s e i n arau n on e o s o ou aro in a ur n

th w f 1 51 2 I t w a d p i t d i th t ph m f th e ar o . s e os e n e ro y roo o e

N ti l A l t Ch l t d th i t m i d til a on a rse n a , a ar e s on , an e re re a ne un

th c pi t i th t city iz d it w ith th th p blic e on s ra ors n a se e ,

e o er u

p p ty d app p i t d it t th i Ac d i g t th i ro er an ro r a e o e r u se cor n o e r

c d f thic th t f iz c f d th ig ht f w
, .

o e o e s, e ac o se ure o n erre e r o o ner

hip a d th y h ad th m f S th C a li a g av d s ,
n so e e na e o ou ro n en r e

C A NNO N C P U E BE U F O A T p th ca
R ], A T I t al h th d t f it c
A t cti RT u on e n n on so e re e a e o s o n s ru on ,

i g w m d h avi g b m ad aft it
.
.

It c s arr a e as o e rn , n een e er s

capt f m th B iti h I t t w a f b a a d w d c t d w i th t
ure ro e r s .
,
o o, s o r ss, n as e ora e s ars .

R p t f L i t a t Sp t
3 e or o f th S eca w h w
eu en th fi t t l a d at B
n f t H y th t w hil
ro s o n, o e en , o as e rs o n eau or . e sa s a e

h w a t lki g w ith M A ll
e s a n ath i t i B f t i t llig t m l tt b y d i m t d f m h
r . e n, a d
s s o re n e au or , an n e en u a o o s ou n e ro a orse , n

s ai d , T h wh l c et y h v l ft i d al l th l d i g t P t R y l F y T h y d i d t thi k that
o e ou n r a e e ,
s r, an e so e rs on e o or o a err . e no n

y ou c l d d it i H i f m d him that th w th ab t
ou o , s r .
”
e l di
n or tth f y a p ti f w h m
e e re ere en ou so e rs a e err , or on o o

w e reth B a f t A till y
e e u ord C aptai E lli tt r er , un er n o .
 C O N Q UE T S ON T HE G E OR G IA C OA T S .

d eliv erer e xp re ssi n g a de sire to go on b oard th e sh i p s e vid en tly fe ari n g th at

, ,

th e i r m ast e rs w o u ld ret u rn T h e l att e r h ad u se d g reat e x e rti on s by p e r .

‘
,

su asi on th re at s an d vi o l e n c e to i n d u c e th e i r sl av e s to a cc o m p an y th e m in
, , ,
’
th e i r flight to th e i n t eri or b u t w ith v e ry li ttl e su cc e ss ,
.

With e qu al e ase D u p o n t t o ok p osse ssi on of Big T yb e e I sl an d at th e ,

m ou th o f th e S av an n ah R iv e r from w hich F o rt P u l aski w hich w as w i th in , ,

e asy m o rt ar di st an c e m igh t b e assail e d an d th e h arb o r o f S av an n ah p e rfe c tly

, ,

se al e d ag ai n st blo ck ad e ru n n e rs O n th e .

app ro ach o f th e N ati on al g u n b o at s th e de ,

fen se s w hich c on si ste d of a st ron g m art e ll o

,

to w er e re ct e d th e re d u ri n g th e w ar o f 1 8 1 2 ,

an d a b att e ry atits b ase w e re ab an d o n e d an d , ,

“
o n th e 25 th D u p on t w rot e to
th e S e c re t ary o f War :
“ T h e fl ag
N 1 861 d ov .

o f th e U n it e d St at e s is flyi n g o v e r th e t e rr i
”4
t o ry o f th e St at e of G eorgi a .

B e fore th e cl ose of th e y e ar th e N ati on al

au th o rity w as su p re m e fro m V Vassaw S o u n d ,

b el ow th e m o u th of th e S av an n ah to th e ,

N orth E dist o Riv e r E v e ry fort on th e .

i sl an d s in th at re gi on h ad b e en ab an d on e d ,

an d th e re w as n oth in g to m ak e se ri o u s Oppo
"
siti o u to N ati o n al au th o rity B u t at th e
K O WE O N “BEE .

A BT ELLO T R I S L AN D s .

cl ose of N o v e m b e r an d in th e m on th of ,

D e c e m b e r o v e r th e c u ri ou s n e t w o rk of c reek s an d riv ers on that c o ast

,
-

h u n g th e bl ack cl o u d s of e xt en siv e c on fl agration s evin ci n g i n t en se h ostility ,

to th at au th o rity by th e S o u th C aro li n i an s Vast q u an titi es of c ott on w e re .

on th e i sl an d s w h e n th e N ati on al fo rc es c am e ; an d w h e n th e fi rst p an ic h ad ,

N ow h e re in th e S th w
ou l d g f th w l d a am g th c t
ere g th e ne roe s so s h t u f
ou t rom al l k n ow e e o e or s on ese o as

i la d T h i m t a
s n s. e r as e rs w c m i g t t l th m d ll th m i t b d g
ssure d th m that th e e Y k an ee s ere o n o s ea e an se e n o on a e

i C ba ; a d
n u m d c ib d th
n so N th me a m
es r t w h w l d d v th m kill a d b y th m i
e e or e ers
”
s on s e rs o ou e ou r e , or n ur e n

th a d
e s n B t m t f th
. i m pl p pl d i d t b li v w d f th t l : th c t y th y b li v d
u os o e se s e eo e no e e e a or o e se a es on e on rar , e e e e

th Le d h ad t th “Y a k
or t t k th m
se n t f b
e dag T hi f ith d h p w m t m k bl
n e es o a e e ou o on e . s a an o e as os re ar a e .

Wh th N ti l f c
2 en e ch d B f t th
a on a g fi d i g th m lv l cc pa t f th pl c
or e s re a e e au o r , e n e ro e s, n n e se e s se e o u n s o e a e

an d p p ty h ad b g
r o er t pill ag
, Th y p t d th at th i m a t b f th i d p a t h d t i d t d iv
e un o e. e re or e e r s e rs, e ore e r e r ure, a re o r e

th m back i t th w d i th d i cti f th m ai a d m b
e n o e oo s, n f th m h ad b
e h t a d kill d C m
re on o e n, n nu e rs o e e en s o n e . o

m d an R g i a l tt t a f i d (N 9th ) i d : A h t w hich cam ff t th Se c a i d

er o e rs, n e er o r en m ov .
,
sa ea e o o e ne sa on e an

( givi g h i m ) h t i g ”
n s naf th e s o s x o e ne roe s .

T hi w
3 th pp a a c f th t w w h I k tch d it i Ap il 1 86 6 I t h ight h ad b S m w h t
s as e a e r n e o e o er en s e e , n r , . s e ee n o e a

d i m i i h d by d m li hi g a p ti f it pp p a t w hich t d a f S c t w h d b
n s e e o s n or on o ct d s u er r , on re s e ro o . u
‘
i o ers a een e re e

ear ly i th p n t c t y al g th B iti h c a t
e re se n a d f
en u r g ai ton xp ct d i v i by B p t
e r
s o s s, as e e n se a ns an e e e n as on on a ar e .

Th l w
e o t y wa d f t
e r s or d th pp b i g b m b p f
s u se c q t f th m
o r s o re s, an T h w ll e u e r, e n o -
roo , as se u re uar e rs o r e en . e a s

t m i t d i p ap t b hi d w hich c
er na e n a ar w pl ac d T h t w t T yb w b ilt f li d m a y
e ,
e n an non ere e . e o er a ee as u o so so n r ,

lik th b t f th
e e esth B iti h c t
o os e o n e r s oas .

B i d th es Hi t H ad a d t B y P i t
es ese o n P hillip I l a d th w
a on e fi th f tific ti
, n a a o n on
’
s s n , ere e re ve o er or a o n s on

th i l d am ly B t y B y I l d ese s an s, n e ,
on o an a s an ,

N th Ed i t ; O tt I l d St H l ’

or s o on er s an ,
. e en a s

S d ; F w ick I l a d ; B y P i t oun on en
’
s s n on a o n ,

th S th Ed i t R iv ; a d S m on e ou s o er n on a
’
s

P i t th C w R iv T h littl o n , on e oo sa er . e e

k tch h giv f th f t B y P i t s e ere en o e or on a o n ,

S th Ed i t c v y a i d a f th g l ou s o, on e s n e o e en e ra

f m f th w k w hich w c t ct d or o e se or s, e re on s ru e

tl a th a d bl ck s f t gh ma sh a oose e r ,
n o o ou r

sod

S ee m ap on pag e 1 26 .

FO RT O N B AY PO IN T .
1 26 T HE C O A S T I S LAN D S AND C O TT O N .

p asse d by pl an te rs re t urn e d stealtt an d appli e d th e t orch to th at w hich

,

w as g ath e re d an d u n g ath e re d th at it sh ou ld n ot fall in t o th e h an d s o f th e ,

‘
in v ad e rs .

thi s c on n e c ti on it
In
is p ro p er to say th at ,

so o n as th e re p ort

o f th e e xi st e n c e o f a

st q u an tity o f ab an

don e d c ott on o n th e se
ast i sl an d s— c o tt o n o f th e

v al u abl e kin d — reach e d Q

p re p arati on for m ark e t A g en t s w ere .

app o in te d fo r th e p u rp o se an d th e ,

mi lit ary an d n av al au th oriti es in th at re gi on

w e re di re ct e d to giv e th e m al l n e c e ssary aid .

M easu re s w e re t ak en to o rg an iz e th e n e g ro p op u l ati on
o n th e i sl an d s an d to c arry fo rw ard al l n e c e ssary w o rk ,

o n th e ab an d on e d pl an tati on s T hi s b u sin e ss w as l ef t .

in th e c on t ro l of th e T reasu ry D ep art m en t an d w as ,

e fiic ien tl a n d w i se ly m an ag e d by Se c re t ary Ch ase w h o app o i n t e d

y ,

E d win L Pi erc e as a sp e ci al ag e n t fo r th e p u rp ose . .

“
At th e b e gin n i n g o f F eb ru ary foll o w in g Mr Pi erc e ,
.

CO S S S rep ort e d th at ab ou t tw o h u n d re d pl an t ati on s o n fi fte e n of th e

A T I LA N D .

Sou th C aro li n a c oast i sl an d s w ere o c c u pi e d o r u n d er th e c on t ro l of th e ,

Th e Ch a r l eston M er
1 i d : Th h a v t th c th w e t w b illi a tly ill
u ry of N o v 30th , 1 861 ,
. sa e e en s o e so u s ere r n n

m in ate d w ith p t i tic fl m a c d i g f m b i g tt

th e a r o A th p cta t w ita es d it th y i l
s en n ro u rn n co on . s e s e ors ne sse , e n v o un

ta ily b
r t f th w ith ch aft ch
u rs or d ach h a t w w m d a w ith a ee rw p l er S ch a p pl a ee r, an e e r as ar e s ne u se. u eo e c n

ne v b bj g t d L tth h ly flam c ti t a c d a d l t th d m
er e su u a e . e f h ll w h c m h
e o th i es on nu e o s en , n e e e on s o e o o e ere on e r

d i ab lical a d l
o l
err n a d t m bl L t th t ch b appli d w h
e arn a v th i v d p ll t
es son n il
re e . e e or e e ere er e n a er o u e s o ur so ,

a d l t h im fi d
n e i m t th t p pl w ill w lc m h im ly w ith d v a t ti a d i O p pl a
n ,
as s ee , a ou r eo e e o e on e s a on n ru n . ur eo e re

i a
n e rn e s t m w m a d chil d a d th i ac ific w ill a c d a a c d h l ca t t G d c yi g al d
, en, o en , n re n , n e r s r e s en s sa re o o us o o . r n ou

f
or v g a c ag i t th fi d i h m a hap w h a d i g aci g h m ity t m pli g d w civiliz ti a d
en e n e a ns e en s n u n s e o re s r n u an ,
ra n o n a on
, n

w ou l d bl t t Ch i ti ity P t i tic pl t
o ou th ab
r s d h ly appl y i g th t ch t th i c p f
an . a r o an e rs on e se oar are ou r n e or o e r ro s o

c tt a d ic S m
o on n a th
r iz d b m ilita y a th iti t d t y th i c p t p v t v ag by th
e . o e are u or e y r u or es o e s ro e r ro s, o re en ra es e

ene my P l a tati
. N th Ed i t a d i th
n ighb h d a d l w h
on s on or th c a t f S th Ca li a
s o n n e ne or oo ,
n e se ere o n e o s o ou ro n

h t f fl m a d m k T h c m m d i g fii
are on e s e e o a f al l th
es nxp s d p i ts o c at h v
e. e o an n o ce rs o e e o e o n s o n o ur o s a e re

i d p itiv i
ce ve t cti t b
os de t y ll p p ty w hich c
n s ru t b c v i tly tak away a d is
on s o urn o r e s ro a ro er an n o e on e n en en n

lik ly t b iz d by
e o th e se m y “
e e en e .

Th2 S a I la d C tt
e f c mm c i th p d ct f
e s n w b lt f c a t i l
o on d al g th h
o o f er e s e ro u o a n arro e o o s s an s on e s ores o

S th Ca l i a a d i th vici ity f th m th f th S v h R iv T h
ou ro n ,
n n e d w a btai d f m th Ba
n o e ou o e a an n a er . e se e s o ne ro e

ham Isl a d a d th fi t cc f l c p i d i S th C li a w a
a n s, n e rsHil t H ad I l d i 1 790 I t is
su e ss u ro ra se n ou aro n s on on e s an ,
n .

o f th b c t ki d d t d f it l g fib ad p t d t th m fa t
e ar ore s en n ,
an f th fi
no e t f b i c a d th
or s on e r, a e o e an u c u re o e n es a r s n e

b t th ad I t al w ay b ght a v y high p i c J t b f th w a w h th c m m c tt b ght a

es re . s rou er r e. us e o re e r, en e o on o on ro u n

av ag er f t e o tw lv c t a p un d a bal e se t f om S th Ed i t I l a d b ght i Liv p l

e n or e e en s o d ll , n r ou s o s n rou , n e r oo , one o ar
a d thi ty fi v c n ts a p u d
n r -
e e o n .
 M O VE ME N T AGAIN S T P ORT R O YAL FERRY .
1 27

Uni on forc e s ,
an d th at
p on th em th ere w as an aggreg ate n e g ro p op u l ati on
u

o f ab ou t e ight th o u san d e xcl u siv e o f se v e ral th o u san d c o l o re d re fu g e es at

,

an d aro u n d Hilt o n He ad Th e i n d u st ri al o p erati o n s in thi s re gi o n u n d er

‘

th e c o n t ro l o f th e G ov e rn m e n t w ill b e furth e r c o n sid e re d h ere afte r .

Th e on ly st an d m ad e by th e C on fe d erat e forc e s in d e fe n se of th e S o u th
C aro li n a c oast i sl an d s aft er th e b attl e of th e 7th of N o v em b er w as at Port
, ,

R o y al F e rry on th e C oosaw at th e cl ose of th e y e ar T h e y h ad a forti fi e d

, ,
.

p osi ti on th e re an d a forc e e sti m at e d at e ight th ou san d st ron g u n d er G en eral s

, ,

G re gg an d P op e from w hich it w as d e t erm i n e d to e xp e l th em A j oi n t l an d

,

an d n av al e xp e diti on ag ai n st thi s p ost w as u n d e rt ak e n th e form er c om ,

m an de d by B rig adi er G e n e ral -

St e v e n s an d th e l att er by
,

C om m an d e r C R P R og e rs . . . .

T h e t ro op s e m pl o y e d by S te
v e n s w e re C o l on e l F raz ier s ’

F o rty se v e n th an d C ol on e l
-

Pe rry s F o rty e ighth N e w

’
-

Y o rk re gi m en t s an d th e Sev ,

en t — n i n th N e w Y o rk High
y
l an d ers M aj or M orri son ; F if
,
'

tieth P en n syl van i a C o l on e l F B O S US E

,
N N G OO PS L AT AT D FO R LA DI TR .

C ri st ; E ighth Michig an C ol o ,

n el F e n t on ; an d th e O n e Hu n d re dth P en n sylv an ia “R o u n d
(
C ol on e l L e asu re of S tev e n s s b rig ad e ; in al l ab ou t fou r th ou san d fi v e
,
’

h u n d re d m e n T h e n av al fo rc e assem bl e d at B e au fort for th e p u rp ose w as

.

c om p ose d of th e gu n b o at s O tta wa P em bin a H al e an d S en eca ferry b oat

-

, , , ,
-

E llen an d fo u r l arg e b o at s b e l o n gi n g to th e Wabash e ach of th e m c arryi n g

, ,

a 1 2 p o u n d e r h o w i tz e r u n d e r th e resp e ctiv e c om m an d s o f Li eu t e n an t s U p sh u r
-

, ,

L u c e an d I rw i n an d Acti n g M ast e r Kem p fil

, ,

T h e e xp e diti on m o v e d in th e e v e n i n g of th e 3 1 st of D e c m b e r “
‘
e 1 861
.

A l arg e p orti o n of th e v esse l s w e n t u p th e B road Riv e r o n

.

th e w est e rly sid e o f P ort R o y al I sl an d to app ro ach th e F e rry by Wh al e

'

C re e k ; an d at th e sam e tim e G e n eral

S te v e n s s forc e s m ad e th e i r w ay to a
’

p o i n t w h ere th e B rick Y ard C re e k, a

c o n ti n u ati on of th e B e au fort Riv er ,

u n it e s w ith th e C oosaw T h ere h e w as .

m et by C om m an d er R og ers w ith ,

l aun ch e s an d h is t roop s w e re e m b ark e d ,

on l arg e fi at b oat s at an ,
‘
e arly h o u r in th e m o rnin g ,
.

T h e O ttaw a, P em bin a, an d

H ale f
so o n d en t ere d th e C oo
a te rw ar

saw an d at Ad am s s pl an t ati on ab o u t
’
, ,

th ree mil e s b e l ow th e F e rry th e l an d

P O RT RO Y AL F
ER R Y BEF O E R T HE A T T A CK .

an d n av al fo rc e s p re sse d forw ard to

,

th e a tt ack tw o of th e h dw itz ers of

,
th e Wa bash acc om p an yi n g th e form e r ,

u n d e r Li e u t e n an t I rw i n .

St e v en s th re w ou t th e Eigh th Michig an as s kirm i sh e rs ,

an d th e g un- b oat s
1 28 B A TT LE or P ORT RO YAL FERRY .

Op en e d a b ri sk fi re i n t o th e w oo d s in th e i r fron t T h e S e v en ty n i n th N e w .
-

York l e d Ve ry soon a c on c e al e d b att e ry n e ar th e F e rry w as e n c ou n t e re d

. .

It op e n e d u p on th e m w ith g rap e an d c an i st er b u t w as soon sil e n c e d by ,

a cl ose en c o u n t er in w hich th e E ighth Michig an b ore th e b r un t , The .

F ifti e th Pen n sylv an i a p resse d forw ard to th e su pp ort of th e se an d th e

Highl an d ers b u t v ery littl e fighti n g o cc u rre d afte r th e fi rst on set
, The .

C on fe d e rat es see in g th e gu n b o at s S en eca E llen P em b in a an d O tta wa

,
-

, , ,

c om in g for w ard ab an d on e d th ei r w ork s an d fl e d an d th e P e n n sylv an i a

, ,
“R o u n d He ad s ” p asse d o v er th e F e rry an d o cc u pi e d th e m At fou r .

’
o cl o ck in th e aft ern oon G e n eral St e v en s j o i n e d th em T h e w ork s w e re
, .

d em o li sh e d an d th e h o u se s in th e vici n ity w ere b u rn e d G en e ral S te v e n s s

, .
’

l oss w as n in e w ou n d e d on e of th e m (M aj or Watso n of th e Eighth Michig an ) , ,

m o rt ally .

Whil e th e N ation al fo rc es w e re th u s g ai n i n g ab sol ut e c on t ro l of th e S ou th

'

C aro li n a c oast i sl an d s an d th e bl ock adi n g ship s c on ti n u ally m u ltiplyi n g o n th e

, ,

Atl an tic an d o n th e G u lf w ere w atchi n g e v e ry av en u e of i n g re ss o r e g re ss for ,

vi o l at ors o f th e l aw th e G o v e rn m e n t , ,

p rofiti n g by th e hi n t giv e n by th e
i n su rg en t s th e m se lv e s sev e ral m on th s ,

b efo re in si n ki n g ob st ru cti on s in th e ,

ch an n e l l e adi n g u p to N orfolk p ro ‘
,

cee de d to cl o se in lik e m an n e r th e , ,

m ai n e n t ran c e s to th e h arb o rs o f
Ch arl est on an d S av an n ah F or th at .

p u rp ose a n u m b e r of c o n d em n e d m e r
ch an t v e sse l s chi efl y w h al ers w ere , ,

fo u n d in N e w E n gl an d h arb ors an d ,

p u rch ase d by o rd e r of th e S e c re tary

of th e N avy T w e n ty fi v e of th em .
-

e ach of th ree or fo u r h u n d re d t o n s

b u rd e n w ere st ripp e d o f th e i r cop

H C H NN E S O F C H ES O N H B O ,
T E A L AR L T AR R.

p er b o tt om s an d w ere as h e avily ,

l ad e n as th e i r st ren gth w ou ld p erm it w ith bl o ck s of g ran it e fo r th e p u rp ose , ,

o f cl osi n g u
p Ch a rl e st on h arb or I n th e i r sid es b e l o w w at e r m ark h o l es .
,
-

w e re b o re d in w hich m ov abl e pl u g s w e re i n se rt e d so th at w h en th ese v e sse l s

, ,

re ach e d th e i r d esti n ati on th e se m ight b e drawn an d th e w at er all o w e d to ,

p ou r in .

” '

T hi s c all e d re ach e d th e bl o ck adi n g squ ad ron ofl

t
s on e fl e et ,
as it w as ,

Ch arl e st on at th e m iddl e of D e c em b er an d o n th e 20th si xt een of th e , ,

“
v esse l s from N e w B e dford an d N e w L on d on w e re su n k on th e b ar at th e
, ,

en t ran c e o f th e M ai n Ship ch an n e l six m il es in a di re ct so u th ern li n e from

3
,

F ort S u m t er T hi s w as d on e u n d er th e su p eri n t e n d en c e of F l e e t c apt ai n

.
-

Ch arl e s H D av i s T h e y w ere pl ac e d at i n t erv al s ch e ck erwi se so as to form

. .
, ,

pg
1 v l
S e e a e 89 8, o um e I .

th v l
O n e of ese d
e sse s w as n am e b a am d t
Ceres I th ad een hip f th B iti h vy a d a ch . n r e s ore - s o e r s na ,
n s su

wa s g l dS dd i g
in Lon I s an oun ur n d p d c wh i t w a capt d by th Am ic
th e ol d w ar f or I n e e n e n e, en s u re e er an s .

h f ch l l d i g f Ch l t h b T h M i Ship ch a l
T ere are ou r an n e s ea n ou t rom ar e s o n th w a d l g ar or . e a n nne ru n s so u r a on

M i I l d M fii tt ch l th
orr s s an . th i d f th t a c i l g th
a
‘
s th i d f S lliv s I la d
an n e , on e n or ern s eo e e n r n e, s a on e so u s e o u an
‘
s n .

B t w th
e th
ee n N th ch
ese are l a d th S w h cha l th f m h avi g ight a d th l att i f t f
e or an n e n e as n ne ,
e or er n e , n e er n n e ee o

w t th b a
a e r on T h M i $hip ch a
e l h a dfi ft f t a d Mafiitt cha l l v
r. e a n n ne een ee , n
’
s n ne e e e n.
 FAILURE O F T HE S T O NE FLEET .
1 29

di st urbi n g c u rren t s th at w o u ld p e rpl e x b u t n ot d e stro y th e n avig ati o n .

I n d ee d th e affai r w as i n t e n d e d by th e G ov e rn m e n t an d e xp e c te d by th ose
, ,

ac q u ai n t e d w ith th e n at u re o f th e c o ast th e c u rre n t s an d th e h arb or to b e , , ,

on ly a te m p o rary i n t e rfe re n c e w ith n avig ati o n as a w ar m e asu re an d th e se , ,

e xp e rt s l au gh e d at th e fo lly o f th ose w h o asse rt e d as did a writ e r w h o ,

acc o m p an i e d th e fl ee t th at Ch arl e st o n B ar is p av e d w ith g ran it e an d th e

, ,
”
h arb o r is a th in g o f th e p ast 1
T h e id e a th at su ch w as th e c ase w as fo ste re d
.

by th e C o n fe d erat es in ord e r to fi re th e S ou th ern h e art an d th e i r n e w s

,
“
p ap e rs t ee m e d w ith d e n u n ci ati on s of th e b arb arou s act an d fran tic c all s ,

u p on c o m m e rci al n ati o n s to p ro t est by c an n on if n e c e ssary ag ai n st thi s , ,

“vi ol ati o n of th e right s o f th e civiliz e d w o rld ” T h e B riti sh p re ss an d .

B riti sh st atesm en sy m p athizi n g w ith th e i n su rg en t s j o i n e d in th e ou tc ry ,

an d th e B riti sh Mi n i st e r at Washi n gt o n (L o rd Ly on s) m ad e it th e su bj e ct

o f dipl o m atic re m on st ran c e He w as assu re d th at th e o b st r ucti on s w o u ld b e

.

t em p orary an d h e w as re fe rre d to th e fact th at si n c e th e y h ad b een pl ac e d

, ,

th ere a B ri ti sh ship in vi ol ati o n of th e bl o ck ad e h ad ru n i n t o Ch arl est o n

, , ,

h arb or w ith safety c arryi n g su ppli e s for th e e n e m i e s of th e G o v ern m en t

, .

T h e w ork of th e “st o n e fl e e t
”
w as a fail u re an d th e e xp e ct e d di sast e r
2
,

to Ch arl e st o n fro m its o p e rati o n s did n o t o cc u r

,
B u t a fe arfu l o n e did fal l,
.

u p o n th at city at th e v e ry ti m e w h e n thi s st o n e fl e e t w as app roachi n g .

A c o n fl agratio n c om m en c e d on th e n ight of th e 1 4th of D e ce m b er an d c o n ,

tin u e d th e fo ll o w i n g day d e v o u ri n g ch u rch es an d p u blic b u ildi n g s w i th

, ,

se v e ral h u n d re d st o re s d w e lli n g s m an u fact o ri es an d w are h o u ses v al u e d

, , , , ,

w i th th e i r c on t e n t s at m illi on s of d oll ars ,

.

L e t u s n o w t u rn from th e se a c oast an d ob serv e e v en t s at th e N ati o n al -

c apit al an d in its vici n ity e sp e ci ally al on g th e li n e of th e Po t om ac Riv e r

, .

We l eft th e C on fe d e rat e arm y afte r th e B attl e o f B u ll s R un lyi n g in ,

’
,

c o m p arativ e i n activity in th e vici n ity of its vict o ry w i th G e n e ral J oseph E , .

J oh n st o n as its chi e f c om m an d e r h avi n g h is h ead q u art e rs at C en t re vill e ,

-
.

We l e ft th e Arm y of th e Pot o m ac in a fo rm ativ e st at e u n d er G en eral

q
‘
,

Mc C le l lan w h o se h e ad u art ers w e re in Washi n gt on City o n Pe n n sylv an i a

,
-
,

Av en u e o pp o si te th e sou th e ast c orn e r of Presid e n t S qu are He w as b u sily

,
.

e n g ag e d n o t o n ly in p e rfe c ti n g its phy sic al org an iz ati on b u t in m aki n g a

, ,

so lid i m p ro v em e n t in its m o ral ch aract e r He i ssue d o rd e rs th at c om .

m en d e d th e m se lv es to al l g oo d citiz en s am on g th e m o st n ot abl e o f w hich w as ,

“
o n e w hich e n j o i n e d
“ m ore p e rfe ct resp e ct for th e S abb ath ”
He .

w on g old en opi n i on s c on ti n u ally an d with th e re t u rn of e v e ry ,

m orn i n g h e fo u n d hi m se lf m ore an d m ore se c u re ly i n t ren ch e d in

th e faith an d aff e cti o n s o f th e p e opl e w h o w e re l avi sh of b oth ,
.

G e n e ral Mc C l e ll an s m oral st re n gth at thi s ti m e w as p rodigi ou s T he

’
.

so l di e rs an d th e p eo pl e b e li e v e d in h im w ith th e m ost e arn est faith His .

sh ort c am p aig n in We st ern V irgi n i a h ad b ee n su cc e ssfii l He h ad p rom i se d .

,

o n t aki n g c om m an d o f th e A rm y of th e P ot o m ac th at th e w ar sh ou ld b e
“
,

sh ort sh arp an d d e ci siv e ; an d h e said to som e o f h is fo ll o w e rs

pm e
, , ,
68
w h i l e th e P re 5 1 den t an d S e c re t ary of War w e re st an d i n g by
0
e .

Sp ci l c
1 e p d c f th N
a orre s on en e o e ew Y or k Tribu n e, D ec 26th, 1 86 1. .

A i m il tt m pt had b mad
9 s ar a e ee n e to cl O c c k l t S pt b b twith th
ose ra o e I n e , in e em e r, u e sam e l ack o f su cc e ss.

th ld h lk b i g ith
e o u ca i d t
s e n e er rr e o se a by th t gc ts
e s ron d ply i mb dd d urre n , or so ee e e in th e san d as to be
h ml
ar e ss.

S p g 22
ee a e . S ee pg
a e 25 .

VO L . I I —9
.
 RETIREMEN T O F G EN ERAL S C O TT .

S oldi ers ! We h av e h ad o u r l ast re t re at We h av e see n ou r l ast d e fe at . .

Y ou st an d by m e an d I w ill st an d by y o u an d h en c efo rth vict ory w ill , ,

”
c row n ou r e ff o rt s T h e se w o rd s fou n d a re ady re sp on se from th e so ldi ers .
1

an d th e p eopl e an d th e y w e re p on d e re d w i th h op e an d rep eat e d w ith p rai se

, ,
.

I n th e m w e re p rom i ses of th e e x erci se of th at p rom pt n e ss an d en e rgy of

acti o n in th e u se o f th e resou rc es o f th e c ou n t ry th at w o u ld sp ee dily b ri n g
, ,
”
p e ac e I n th e h e art s of th e p eopl e still ran g th e cry o f O n to Rich m on d !
.

w hil e th e i r lip s t au ght ci rc u m sp e cti on by th e re c en t di sast e r at B u ll s R u n

’
, ,

w e re m o d e stly sil en t T h e soldi ers e ag e r to w ip e o u t th e di sg rac e of th at .

,

di sast er w e re re ady to o b e y w ith al acrity at an y m om en t an ord e r to m arch

, , ,

on Rich m on d A n d it w as e vid en tly th e d et e rm i n ati on of th e c om m an d e r

.
,

al l th rou gh th e e arli e r w ee k s o f au t u m n to st rik e th e f o e at M an assas as , ,

q u ickly as p ossibl e an d m arch t ri u m ph an tly on th e C on fe d erat e c apit al , .

9

B u t th e reti rem en t o f Li eu t e n an t G e n e ral Sc ott from th e chi ef c om m an d o f -

an d th e app o i n t m en t of M c C l ell an to fill

”
th e N ati o n al A rm y ,
N 1 0 ov. .

h is pl ac e i m p ose d n ew d u ti e s an d re sp on sibiliti e s u p on th e l at ,

ter an d h is pl an o f c am p aig n ag ai n st th e in su rg en t s in Vi rgin i a w as

,

ch an g e d .

T h e n e w org an iz ati on of th e Arm y of th e P ot om ac w as p erfe ct e d at th e

m iddl e of O ct o b e r w h e n at l e ast se v en ty fi v e th ou san d w e ll arm e d an d fai rly ,
- -

di scipli n e d t roop s w e re in a c on diti on to b e pl ac e d in c ol u m n for activ e

Op e rati on s ag ai n st th e C on fed e rat e s in fron t of Washi n gt on At th at ti m e .

th e N ati on al city w as al m o st circ u m v all ate d by e arth w o rk s th e re b e i n g n o -

,

hi littl p ch wa th cca i w h G v
1 T s e sC ti acc m p i d by th P id t d S c t y
ee s on e o s on en o ern o r ur n, o an e e re s en an e re ar

of W p t d a t f fl g t th P ylv i B ig d f G
ar, re se n e l M C ll A li gt H ight
se o a s o e en n s an a r a e o e n e ra c a ,
on r n on e s .

M S wi t 2 i h i Hi t y f th Ca mp ai g
r . n f th A m y f th P t m a c ( t
on n pg
s y s or o e ns o e r o e o o n o e on a e sa s

Th gh G al M C l l l
ou d t k p hi w c
e n er l y tG l M D w l l t ll m h w w t i th i
c e an use o ee s o n o un se , e e n e ra c o e e s e e as on ,
n e r

r i d v th c t y th f th Pb t m t p i t t wa d th fl k f M
es o er e ou n r d ay
sou W h all t ik o e o ac, o o n o r e an o an assas, an s , e s s r e
th m th
’
e e re
G al Sc tt w th i th 76th y f h i ag h vi g b b i J 1 786 H h d b f m
.

3 e n er a ee n o r so
o as en n e e ar o s e, a n een orn n un e, . e e

ti m ff i g f m phy ic l d m t l i fi m iti a d w a i cap bl f p f m i g i a y d g

e su er n ro s f ffi ci
a cy
an en a n r e s, n s n a e o e r or n ,
n n e re e o e en ,

th d ti e f hi ffi c
u t th t i m p t
es o t ti m Hi v l t y ti m t f m ctiv m ilit y d ty w a i t
s o e a a or an e . s o u n ar re re en ro a e ar u as or n

na e t ci c m ta c f th c t y a d h i w p t ti a d h d c d d i t th q i t f p iv t lif aft
r u s n e or e o un r n s o n re u a on , n e e s en e n o e u e o r a e e er

am t d i ti g i h d m ilit y
os s fm n th fifty y
u s d ti f ll w d by th b d icti
e f g t f l
ar c aree r o ore an ears
”
u ra on , o o e e en e on s o a ra e u

p pl I t w
eo hi
e. c m m d ti th t G al M C l ll h i j i by f ty y a w m d th C m
as on s re o en a on a e n er c e an , s u n or or e rs, as a e e o

m d an i chi f f ll th a m i
e r- n - f th R p bli — S G
e o l O d a N 9 4 d t d Wa hi gt
e N v mb
r es o e e u c ee en er a r ers, o .
,
a e s n on , o e er

l st
,

G
l Sc tt l ti W hi gt city i m m d i at ly aft h ti d f m ctiv c m m d cc m pa i d by h i
e nera o e as n on e e er e re re ro a e o an ,
a o n e s

staff th S c t a i f W d th T
, e e re y d th d i ti g i h d ffi ci l G
r es o l Mccl ll a b d h im
ar an e re asu r ,
an o er s n u s e o a s . en era e n a e

an a eff cti t f w ll tth Wa hi gt ail w y t ti a d th v t

on a e are w c v y d ily a c ch fitt d
e a e s n on r a -
s a on , n e e e ran as on e e e as on ou e

u p f hi or H wa v yw hs u se g t d by th p pl w ith th m t
. e t d m t ti
s e f p ct I
er e re re e e e eo e e os e arn e s
’
e o n s ra on s o re s e . n

N w Ye k a c m m i tt f th Ch m b f C m m c a d th U i D f
or ,
o C m m itt m d f m l c ll p
ee o e a er O o er e n e n on e e n se o ee a e or a a su on

h im t d i g h im add
, en t w hich h
er n pli d i th m t f li g m a H xp d c fi d c i th
re sses. o e re e n e os ee n n n er . e e resse on en e n e

u lti m t cc f th N ti
a e su lc a d p k i high t t m
e ss o f P i d t L i c l t w h m h wa p li ti
e a on a au se, n s o e n es er s o res en n o n, o o e s o

c lly O pp d I h d p t l t i h i l cti
a ose . h i d I c f th t h h ag ably d i app i t d
a no ar n or o n s e e o n, e sa . on e ss a e as ree s o n e

m e H i a ma f g
. e t bility fi d lity d p t i ti m
s n o re a a , e ,
an a r o s .

O th 9 th f N v m b
n G e l Sc tt d p t d f H v i th t am hip A agb h i h a t ch d by
o o e e r, e n e ra o e ar e or a re , n e s e s r ,
s e r ee re

i t llig c by way f R ich m d f th vict y f D p t t P t R y al d th c pt

n e en e , o f B f t on ,
o e or o u on a or o ,
an e a ure o eau or .

T h e fo l l wi g l t
o n e e r of t
t he P reside n t w as e m b od ied in th e o rd e r

En c nr m MA N S I O N,
Wash i n gton , N ovem ber l ot, 186 1
v t Li t t G l it d S t t B
.

O n th e l ot day of No v mbe er, A. D . 1 8 61 , u

pon h is ow n ap p li i
c at on to th e P re s id ten of th e U n e a e s, re e e u e n an - en era

e m an Sc an is ord e re d
to be p ace d, an d h e re y s l b i pl d p h l t f
ace i d ffi f h A m y f h U it d S t t w ith t
u on t e is o re t re o ce rs o t e r o t e n e a es, ou

redu c ti on in h is curren t p ay , su b s s e n c e . or all o w an ce it

h t G
.

Th e Am e r i
l w ill b i h d
ca n p e op e ear w t sa n e ss an d d p m ti ee l S h w i h d w f m h ti
e o on t a t l f h e n era c o rr as t ra n ro t e ac v e c on ro o t e
ar my , w h il h P
e t e i t d m im C b i res de n an a nu ou s a n et e x p h i
ress d h ti y m p th i l p
t e r o w n an l ffl ti d th i p
t e na on s s
’
a y n ll l e rso n a a ic o n , an e r ro

fou n d sense o f th i m p t t p l i vi
e or an ub c se r ce s re n de re d b y h im hi t y d i g h i l g d b illi t
to s cou n m g wh i h wi ll
r ur n s on an r an care er, a on c " or
be grate f ll y di ti g i h d h i f ith f l d v ti
u s n u s e s a u e o on to t h C
e tit ti h U i
on s d h F l g wh
u on , m il d y p
t e i id l b lli
n on , an t e a en a e b an c a re e on .

C
,

A B RA HAM LI N O LN
 FO R E I G N PRIN CES IN T HE ARMY .
1 31

l ess th an thi rty tw o fort s c om pl e t e d an d arm e d f or its d efen se an d to th e se

-
,
‘
sixt ee n w e re add e d in th e c ou rse of siX w eek s Pro vi si on s st ore s am m u n i '
.
, ,

ti o n an d cl othi n g w e re on h an d in th e g re ate st ab u n d an c e an d th e chi e f

, , ,
”
c o m m an d e r w as f urn i sh e d w ith n u m e rou s an d effi ci en t st aff offi c e rs am on g ,

w h om w e re tw o F re n ch P ri n c e s o f th e Ho u se of O rl ean s w h o h ad j u st ,

arriv e d at th e c apit al w ith th e i r u n cl e th e P ri n c e de J o i n vill e son o f th e , , ,

l at e L ou i s Philipp e K i n g of th e F ren ch T h ese w e re th e C ou n t o f P ari s ,

.

a n d th e D u k e of Ch art re s so n s o f th e l at e D u k e o f O rl e an s w h o w i sh e d to , ,

ac q u i re m ilit ary e xp e ri en c e in th e o p e rati o n s of so l arg e a fo rc e as w as th e re

in arm s .

A p rom i n en t m e m b e r o f th e th en re ig n i n g fam ily in F ran c e w h ose h ead ,

w as c on sid e re d a u su rp e r by th e O rl e an s fam ily h ad j u st l eft thi s c ou n t ry ,

fo r h is o w n It w as th e Prin c e J erom e B on ap arte a c ou si n of th e Em p eror

.
,

N ap ol e on th e T hi rd w h o w ith h is w ife h ad arriv e d in N e w York in th e , , ,

p re c e di n g J u ly in h is p riv at e st eam y acht He w e n t to Washi n g ton w h e re

,
.
,

h e w as e n t e rtai n e d by th e P re sid en t an d V i sit e d th e Ho u se s of C on g re ss an d ,

th e arm y on A rli n g ton He ight s an d vici n ity He p asse d th rou gh th e li n e s .

an d vi sit e d th e C o n fe d e rat e fo rc e s un d er B e au re g ard at M an assas R et u rn ,

.

in g to N e w Y ork h e st art e d on a t o u r to N iag ara C an ad a an d th e We st e rn , , ,

p rai ri e s w ith th e p ri n c e ss At th e m iddl e o f S e pt em b e r h e w en t from N e w

,
.
,

Yo rk to B ost on an d Halif ax in h is y acht an d so h om e w ard ,

.

It w as o n ly a fe w d ay s b e fo re P ri n c e J e ro m e s d e p art u re from N e w Y o rk ’

th at th e Pri n c e de J oi n vill e arriv e d th e re w i th m em b e rs of h is fam ily He ,

.

c am e to pl ac e h is son th e D uk e of Pe n thi e v re (th en sixt een y e ars of age) in , ,

th e N av al Sch oo l at N e w p o rt He b ro u ght w ith h im h is tw o n e ph e w s ab o v e .

n am e d w h o o ff e re d th e i r servic e s to th e G o v e rn m e n t w ith th e stip u l ati on

, ,

o n th e i r p art th at th e y sh o u ld re c e iv e n o a
p y E ach w as c om m i ssi on e d a .

c apt ai n an d assig n e d to th e staff of G e n e ral Mc C l el l an T h e y rem ai n e d in

,
.

th e se rvic e u n til th e cl o se of th e P e n i n su l a c am p aig n in J u ly 1 8 6 2 an d , , ,

ac q u itt e d th e m se lv e s w e ll .

1 pag 24 f thi v l m O th 7th f D c m b Chi f E gi

S e e m ap an d oo tn o f -
t e on B ad e o s o u e . n e o e e er, e n n eer .
arn r re

p t d th t d f
or e a th e Wa hi gt city c i t d f b t f ty ight w k m
e en se s of ti g v 800 g
s n m on on s s e o a ou or -
e or s, ou n n o er u n s, so e

o f w hich w f v y l g iz a d ad d d
e re o th t th ct l d f iv p i m t cc pi d i b t thi ty fi
er ar e s e, n e , a e a ua e en s e er e er o u e s a ou r -
ve

mi l xc d i g th l gth f th f m a d hi th t th m t xt iv —f tifi d by xt m p iz d fi ld w k
e s, e ee n e en o e a o u s, n er o e os e e ns e or e e e or e e -
or s
—l i f T
n es o V d by v l m il orre s e ras se e ra e s.
”

C i g th c ati
on ce rn n d f h a vy d a c at that ti m
e re S w i t n ay : Th t k f f m i g
on an u se o e or n n e e, n o s s e as o or n an

ar till y t bli h m t w f cilitat d by th f ct th t th c t y p

er es a s en d i th g la vic b dy f
as a e e a a e ou n r o sse sse ,
n e re u r se r e, a o o

acc m pli h d a d
o g tic till y ffic
s e n A a ba i
e n er ef g iz ti it w d ci d d t f m fi ld b tt i f
ar er o e rs . s ss o or an a on , as e e o or e -
a er es o

i g
s x ( v unsl tha f g ne d th g
er e ssf ach b tt y t b fn if m c lib ) d th w
o ur u n s, an e un s o e a er o e o un or a er ,
an ese ere

a ig
ss d t d ivi i
ne t t b igad
o i th p p ti
s on s, n o f f b tt i t ch d ivi i ;
o r f w hich w t
e s, n e ro or on o our a er es o ea s on on e o as o

b a batt y f
e g la er d th capt i o f th re g l b tt y w a i ch ca app i t d c m m d t f th
u rs, an e a n o e re u ar a er s n ea se o n e o an an o e

a ti ll
r y f th d ivi i
er oI add iti i t w d t m i d t c t a a till y
e s on . n v f h d dg d a
on. as e er ne o rea e n r er re se r e o a un re
’

un s, an

i g t i f fifty pi
s e e - ra n o Th w k w p h d f w d w ith m ch ec e s . gy th t w h iswh G al
or as us e or ar so u en e r ,
a e reas, en e n er

M Cl l l t k c m m d f th
c e an oo m y th ti o ti ll y tabli h m t c i t d f i i m p f ctly q ipp d
an o e ar , e en re ar er es s en on s s e o n ne er e e u e

batt i f thi ty g
er e s o b f i t t k th fi l d thi r i c h ad
u n s, ch d th c l l p p ti
e ore f i ty tw oo e e s serv e re a e e o os sa ro or on s o n ne -
o

batt i f fi h d d d t w ty g
e r es o ve v d by t w lv th a d fi h d d m
un re an d i f ll
en ad i u n s, ser e e e ou s n ve un re e n , an n u re n e ss

acti v fi l d d ty — Ca mp a ia a f t A m y f t P t ma p g 65
”
f
or e e u . n o he r o he o o c, a e .

T h f ll w i g ffic
2 e c m p d th t ff f G
o o n l M Cl l l
o aft
e rs tak i g th c mma d f th A m y
o o se e s a o e n e ra c e an soon er n e o n o e r

o f th P t m c : M j S Willi m A i t t A dj t t G
e o o a l ; C pt i Alb t V C lb
a or . A i t t a s, ss s an u an -
e n e ra a a n er . o u rn, ss s an

A dj t t G u an al ; C l -
l R B M c I p ct G
e n er l ; C l l T M K y A id d C m p ; C pt i N B
o on e . . ar y , ns e or- e n e ra o one . . e ,
-
e- a a a n . .

S w it e l t C v l y Aid d C m p ; C pt i
se r, s Ed w d M K H d 1 4th I f t y Aid—d C m p ; C pt i L
a a r ,
-
e- a a a n ar c . u son , n an r ,
e- a a a n .

A Willi m
. l oth I f t y A id d C m p ; M j
a s, A J My Sig l O ffic ; M j St w t V Vli t Chi f
n an r ,
-
e- a a or . . e r, na er a or e ar an e ,
e

Qua t m t ; Capt i H F Cl k Chi f C m m i a y ; S g

r er as er a n C S T ipl M d ic l D i ct ; M j J G
. . ar e, e o ss r ur e on . . r er, e a re or a or . .

Ba a d Chi f E gi
rn r , ; M j J N M c m b Chi f T p g phic l E gi ; C pt i Ch l P K i g b y
e n n eer a or . . a o ,
e o o ra a n n eer a a n ar e s . n s ur ,

Chi f f O d a c ; B igad i G
e o r n n l G g St m V l t S vic Chi f f Cav al y B igadi
e r e r- e n e ra e or e on e an, o u n eer er e, e o r r er

G n al W F Ba y V l
o er t S vic Chi f f A til l y
. . rr , o un ee r er e, e o r er .
"
1 32 T HE D EPA RTM ENT S or TIIE AR M Y OF T HE P O T OMAC .
.

M c C l el l an ev e ry nec e ssary dep artm e nt th oroughly an d h ad

h ad org an iz e d ,

e n d e av ored to pl ac e at the h e ad of e ach the be st men in the s e rvice Th ese .

‘

h ad b e e n active c o w o rke rs with him an d th e i r seve ral dep artment s w e re -

in th e be st p o ssi bl e c on d i ti o n fo r e ffect i ve serv i c e T he m ain b ody of the .

“
army w as n ow j u dici o u sly p ost e d for off e n se o r d e fe n se in th e , ,

imm e d i at e vi ci n ity of Washingt o n C i ty w i th det achme n t s on th e ,

left b an k of the Pot o m ac as far u p as Willi am sp ort ab o ve Har ,

p e r s F erry an d as far d ow n as L ive rp oo l Po i n t in M aryl an d ne arly O pp o

’
, , ,

si t e A c qu i a C re ek
2
.

A t the cl o se of S e pt e mb er a g ran d re vi e w h ad b e e n h e ld wh e n sev e n ty ,

T h e En gi n eers as w e a
1 h v b v d w pl c d i ch a g f M j J G B ,
d e o se r e ,
e re a e n r e o a or . . arn ar ,

d
an d th e A r til l er y u n e r th e chi ef c mm d f M j Willi m F B y T h T p o an o a or a . arr . e o o

c
grap h i al E n gi n eers w
e re o c mm d d by Li t t C l l J h N M c m b d an e e u e n an -
o on e o n . a o ,
an 3

S ig al C pn f m d by M j A lb t J My th i v t f m t tii i t y t m
or s, or e a or er . e r, e n en or o a os e c en s s e

o f ig lli g w
s na pl c d i ch n ,
f th t fii as Thi y t m w fi t p actically t t d
a e n arg e o a o
‘
cer . s s s e as rs r es e

d i g th g iz ti f th A m y f th P t m c d w h ll b v h aft it
ur n e or an a on o e r o e o o a , an ,
as e s a o ser e ere er,

p f m d th m t
er or e ti l d i m p t t vic
e os l d dw t i c
e sse n it i g a an o r an ser e on an an a er, n re on n o er n
-

a d i di
n ct i g th fi f till y w h
n re n bj ct ch hill w d l d b l ti
e re o ar er ,
ere o e s, su as s or oo s on an ,
or u
'

or w d d p i t th h
oo e f iv
o n s on i t v d b t w th b lli t Th v l
e s o re s o r ers, n er en e e een e e g ere n s . e a ue

o f th t vic d i g th w c
a se r t b ti m t d A f ll xpl ti f it p ti
e ur n e ar an n o e es a e . u e an a on o s o era o n s,

w ith ill t ati m ay b f

us r di th p t f thi w k
on s, e ou n n an o er ar o s or

T h T l g p h ic O p
.

e ti e ef th a m y w
ra i t t d t M j Th m J E ck t era on s o e r ere n ru s e o a or o as . er .

I thi c
n cti T S C L w a d i ti g i h d
s onn e on , t w m pl y d d f m ti m
. . . o e, s n u s e aeron au . as e o e ,
an or so e e

b all w
o on s d w ith g at ffici cy i c it i g b tl t i th p g
e re u se f th w
re e en n re on n o er n u a er n e r o ress o e ar

M L w m d xp i m t with h i b ll
,

th y f ll i t d i
e e n o su se . i c cti w ith th
r. o e a e e er en s s a oon n onne on e

t l ph
e e g ra ly J 1 8 61
so ear d by p f ct cc d m t t d th f ibility f th
as u n e, ,
an er e su e ss e on s ra e e e as o e

j i t
o n f th b ll
u se o d t l g ph i e c it i g A t th h ight f f ll fi h d d
a o on an e e ra n re on no er n e e o u ve un re

fe t b v A li gt H ight M L w t l g aph d t th P i d t t Vi a h i gt a
.

’
e a o e r n on e s, r. o e e e r e o e re s en ,
a s n on , s

f ll w
o o s

S z—F m thi p i t f b v ati w c mm d

I P. ro xt t f c t y
s o n ly fifty o o se r on e o an an e en o ou n r n e ar

m il i d i m t
es I h v pl
n a i d i g y thi fi t t l g m v
e e r. a e e asu re n sen n ou s rs e e ra e er

d i p tch d f m a
s a e i l t ti ro d ack w l d gi g i d bt d
n t y
aer a s a o n, an no e n n e e n e ss o ou r

en c ag m t f th pp t ity f d m t ti g th v il bility f th
o ur e en or e O or u n o e on s ra n e a a a o e

s ci c f a a tic i th
en e o vic f th c t y
e ron u s n e ser e o e ou n r .

I my E xc ll cy h m b l t a o ur e en
’
s u e se rv an
c

,
“T S C L W E O
w fi t g l a ly d by L i N p l i th It li Wa
. . . .

W ball ar- oon s ere rs re u r u se ou s a o eo n n e a an r,

i 1 859
n Th i cc th c mm d d th i i t d cti
. e r su e ss e re o en e e r n ro u on

i t th N ti l a m y a d th tt ti
n o e a ona f th m ilita y
r ,
n e a en on o e r

au th it i w a ly c ll d t th bj ct O
or es s e ar c ivi g th a e o e su e . n re e n e

ab v o d i p tch M Li c l i vit d M L w t th E
e s a ,
r . n o n n e r. o e o e x ec u

ti m i
ve H i t d c d hi m t G
an s o n . l Sc tt d h w a
e n ro u e o e n e ra o ,
an e s

so o n a ft w d m pl y d a a a
er ar t i th m ilit y
e o e s n e ro n au n e ar ser

v ic Wh ie . th b ll en i k pt d c t l by t g
n u se, e a oon s e un er on ro s ron

c d i th h d f m
or s n th g
e d w h w h th
an s o en on e ro un ,
o, en e
i
re c o n n o ssan ee i d d d w it d w t th pl c f d pa s en e ,
ra o n o e a e o e r

t ure .

Th M d i c l D p a tm t f th
e e m y w pl ac d i
a e r en o e ar as e n

ch g f S g
ar e o Ch l S T ipl ur eon s dJ th a L tt m ar e s r e r an on a n e er an ,

p f m d th d ti f M d ic l D i ct T h
.

wh i t
o n u rn er or e e u es o e a re o r. e

Q t ma t
u a r er D p -
tm tw i t t d t M j S Va
s er s
’

e ar en as n r us e o a or n

Vl i t T h S b i t c D p a tm t w pl c d i ch g
.

e e u s s en e e r en as a e n ar e

f C pt i H F Cl k ;
.

o a a n d t th c t l f th O d
. . ar ec an o e on ro o e r nan e

D p e tm ar tw a ig d C pt i C P K i g b y C l l
en as ss ne W B A LLOO N a a n . . n s ur . o on e AR .

A d w P t w m d P
n re or ertM h l G l f th
as a e rov os -
a rs a en era o
‘

A m y f th P t m ac ; d C l l Th m a G G tt f th G
r o e o o l t ff w a m d J d g A d c
an o on e o s . arre ,
o e e n era
’
s s a , s a e u e vo a t
e
G
.

S ee l M Cl ll
en era R p t th O ga i a ti
c e f th A m y f th P t m ac a d i t Ca mp ai g
an s
’
e or on e r n z on o e r o e o o
, n s ns in
Vir gi n i a a nd M a ry l a n d .

9 t d ivi i w
The di f f ere n s on s e re p t d f ll w : H k at B dd F y L w P t mac ; H i tz l m
os e as o o s oo er u
’
s err o er o o e n e an
t Ly a d vici ity ; F a H
,

at F kli th T h l gic l S m i y ; B l k t Ch ap l M D w l l ’
or on n n ran n n e ar e eo o a e n ar en er n e r un er s e c o e

atU pt H ill a d A li gt ;
on s
‘
n r n on F J P t at H ll a d Mi
. . or e r H ill ; S m ith t M ch ll H ill ; M C ll at
a
‘
s n n er s
‘
s a u a
'

s c a

La gl y ; B ll t T lly t w
n e ue a cn a o n, M i d i H ill E m y Ch p l &
er an th l ft b k f th iv ; C y t
,
or
’
s a e ,
c .
,
on e e an o e r er ase a
W hi gt as St m cav l
n on one an s
‘
ar y at Wa hi gt ; H t a till y tWa hi gt B k at D
s n on t w with un
‘
s r er a s n on an s arn e s o n,

d t ch m t at P i t f R ck
e a en s o n o o s, S dy H k Willi am p t & ; S t at P l vill ; a d D ix at Bal i m
an oo ,
s or , c . o ne o o es e n t ore,
w ith d t ach m t th E t
e en s o n e as e rn s ore. h "
 D AN GER S P O IN TED our .
1 33

th ou san d men of al l arm s we re assembl e d an d m ane u ve red It w as the ~

.

l arge st m i l i t ary force eve r g ath e red on the Am e ric an C o nti n e n t an d g ave ,

the l oy al p e ople assu rance of the safe ty o f the R ep u blic And to th e se .

t roop s regiment afte r regim en t at th e rate of tw o th ou sand men e ach day

, , '

an d b atte ry aft e r b att ery w as c o nti n u ally added fro m the t e e m i n g o ul a

p p ,

ti o n an d im m e n se re sou rce s of the F re e l ab o r St ate s A little -

.

“
l ate r the re w as an othe r imp osi n g review It w as of artille ry O ct .
0 .

,
1 861 .

an d c av al ry al o n e ; when six th o u sand h orsemen an d o n e h u n ,

d red an d tw e lv e he avy g u n s appe are d before Pre sid e nt L i n c ol n the Sec re , ,

t ary of St at e Pri n ce de J oi nvill e an d othe r d i sting u i shed m en

,
T hei r ,
.

ev o l u ti on s we re c on d u ct e d o ve r an area of ab o u t tw o h u nd red ac re s : the

c av al ry u nde r th e di recti o n of G e n e ral Palm er an d the art i lle ry u n de r th e ,

c omm and of Gene ral B arry The wh ole revi e w w as c o nd u cted by G e n eral .

St onem an .

B u t d rill s p arade s an d re view s we re n ot th e o nly exhibiti o n s of w ar

, ,

ne ar th e Po t o m ac d u ring th e se e arl i e r d ay s of au t u mn The re was s o me .

re al th o u gh n o t he avy fighting between

the O pp osing force s th e re The au d a .

city of th e C on fe d e rat e s w as am az i n g .

S oo n aft er the B attl e o f B u ll s R u n ’

,

G e ne ral J oh n st o n h ad adv an c e d h is
o u tp o st s fro m C e n t re v i ll e an d F ai rfax

C ou rt Ho u se to M u n so n s Hill on ly ’
,

s ix mile s in an air li n e fro m Washing -

to n C i ty whe re th e C on fe d e rate fl ag
,

w as fi au nted f or w e ek s in fu ll vi e w of ,

th e N ati o n al C apit o l At oth e r p oi n t s .

ab o ve the city h is sc ou t s p re sse d u , p

alm ost to the P o t o m ac an d he w as at
F A I RF A OU ,
RT n ouss. l
the s am e time t aki n g m e asu re s for X C

e recting b att e ri e s at p o i n t s bel o w th e O cc o q u an C reek f or the p u rp o s e of ,

o b st ru cti n g th e p assag e o f su ppl i e s u th a t r i ve r f or the N ati on al army

p ,

arou nd W ashi n gt on T h e p rob abil i ty of su ch a m o v e m e n t h ad b e e n p e r

.

c e iv e d at an e arly da
y b y v i gil an t an d expe rt m e n .

S o e arly as J u n e th e N avy Dep artme n t h ad c all e d the att e n t i o n o f th e

,

S e c ret ary of War (Mr C am e ro n) to the imp ort an ce in vi e w of the p ossi ble
.
,

d ange r of se i z i n g an d h o ldi n g M atthi as Po i n t in orde r to sec u re th e

, ,

n avig ati on of the riv e r A t di ffe re n t tim e s aft e rw ard , the atte n ti o n of.
’

t he Pre si d en t G en e ral Sc ott an d Ge n e ral Mc C l e l l an w as c alled to the

, ,

m atter by th e sam e D e p artm e nt b u t n othi n g w as d on e u n t i l t ow ard th e ,

3
cl ose of Sept e mbe r wh e n C on fed e rate b atte ri e s we re act u ally pl an ted th e re
,
.

T h e n it w as p rop o se d to sen d a l and fo rce d own th e M aryl an d s i d e of th e

rive r an d c rossi n g in b o at s c o v e re d by th e P o t o m ac fl otill a t ak e p o sse ssi o n
, ,
,

o f the sh ore j u st ab o ve M atthi as P o int T h e S e c re t ary o f the N avy h av i n g .

,

Thi i vi w f
1 s s af th m t f q
e tly m ti d b il d i g i th c d f th Civil W It i
o on e o e os re u en en on e u n s n e re or s o e ar. s

f m a k tch m d by th a th i 1 866 It giv th m t th vill g

ro s e a e e u d it w hich i th h i t w r
or n es e na e o e a e arou n ,
s e s re o n o

ty T h v i ll ag w a m ch i j d d i g th w
.

th c
e ou n . e e s u n u re ur n e ar .

J ly l t A g t 20th d A g t Sl t
9 u s , u us an u us s

t g ph l tt b f m w itt by C l l W d H m pt t F t P i t
, .

It pp
3 by
a e ars an au o ra e er e ore e, r en o on e a e a on , a re e s on e o n ,

b t w O cc q a a d D m f i a d dat d S pt m b 24th 1 861 th t a batt y w a c m pl t d tth t p l a d

e ee n o u n n u r e s, n e e e er , ,
a er s o e e a a ace , n
 1 34 T HE P O T O MA C R I VE R B LO C K AD ED .

u se for
the Pot o mac fl otill a el sewhe re w as an xi ou s th at the m oveme n t ,

sh o u ld t ake pl ace at o nce Prep arati on s w e re acc ord i ngly m ade to se n d .

1

fou r th ou sand of Hoo ke r s divi s i o n for the p u rp o se The N avy Dep artmen t ’
.

fu rni shed t ran sp ort ati on an d C apt ain C rav e n th e c omm ande r of the fl otill a , , ,

g athe red h is ve ssel s in the vici n ity of M atth i as Point to c o ope rate in an ,
-

att ack o n the b atte rie s th e re In the me an time the chief e nginee r (M aj or .

B arn ard ) rep ort ed adve rsely an d the p roj e ct w as ab an d on e d ,

’
.

O n the assu rance of su flic ien t aid fro m the N avy Dep artment it w as ,

ag reed th at a l an d fo rce sh o u ld m arch d o w n the right b an k o f the P o t o m ac ,

c apt u re al l b atte ri e s fo u nd th ere an d t ake pe rm anent p o sse ssi o n of th at ,

re gi o n Thi s p roj e ct w as al so ab and oned bec au se Mc C l e ll an b e liev e d th at

.
,

the m o vement m i ght b ring on a ge n eral e n g ag e me n t for which he did n ot ,

fe e l p rep are d N o att e mpt w as afte rw ard m ade to i n t e rfe re with the C o n
.

fe de rat e s in thei r mi schiev ou s w ork an d e arly in O ct obe r C apt ain C rav e n ,

o ffici ally ann ou n ced th at th e n avig at i o n o f the P o t o m ac w as cl o se d an d th e

,

N ati on al c apit al bl o ck aded in th at im p ort ant di recti o n C rav e n w as so .

m ortifi e d bec au se of the antic i p ated re p roach of the p u bl i c fo r the su pp osed

i n effici e ncy o f h is c omm and th at he m ade a re q u e st to be assign e d to d u ty ,

el sewh e re Th e Pre si de n t w h o h ad w armly sec onded th e N avy Dep art

.
,

ment in u rgi n g Mc C l e ll an to t ake m e asu re s fo r k e eping th e n avig ati o n of

the rive r ope n w as e xc e e di n gly ann o y e d ; wh i l st the n ati o n at l arge u n abl e
, ,

to u nd e rst an d th e c au se o f thi s new di sast e r an d fe e l i n g deeply m ortifi e d ,

an d h u mi li ated seve r ely cen su red the G o v e rnme n t

3
Th at bl ock ad e so dis
, .
,

g rac e fu l to th e G o v ernm en t w as c on t in u e d u ntil th e C o n fede rat e s v o l u nt arily ,

ev ac u at e d thei r p ositi o n in fron t of Washi n gt on in M arch fo ll o wing ,

.

was rea dy f th t d t Hi l tt w a ad d
or a cti d t C l l Th m J da B a g d A i t t
on at a a e s e er s re sse o o on e o as or n, e u re ar
’
s ss s an

y th w k w c t ct d d C pt i L W h b tt y a d a l g 82 p d
.

A dj t u an tGH -
e n era l . e sa s e or s ere on s ru e un er a a n ee, ose a er n on -
o un er

r ifl d g w
e un T h l tt h db
e re t th by G
th ere l T im bl a M yl d t it th i th C
. e a er a ee n se n e re e n e ra r e, ar an ra o r, en n e on

f d t m y H p t d th t h h d v y thi g i ad i t p fi th p vi
e era e ar . e re or e v i g Afi g f
a e a e er n n re n e ss oe en re e re ous e en n . r n e o

t h d b l ft ta d i g th p i t t c c al th t p w hil
rees a ee n e s n cti g th w k Th w
n on e td w o n ,
o on e e roo s e e re n e or s . e se ere c u o n

on th ight f th 23d
e n o e .

A t th t ti m ( l t i S pt m b ) th w i th P t m ac th P aw
1 a e a e n P c ah eta a d Sem i
e l th
er ere ere n e o o e n ee, o on s, n n o e, re e

h vily a m d v l d th R B F b w ith tw v y f m i d bl g
ea r e e sse s, an b d Th v l h ad b
e or es, o er or a e u n s on o ar . ese e sse s ee n

d tail d t g w ith D p t xp d iti t P t R y l d it w g d by th N vy D p t m t th t th y

. .

'
e e o o u on s e e on o or o a ,
an as u r e e a e ar en a e

h l d fi t b m pl y d i d t yi g th C f d t b tt i
s ou rs e e o the iv n d a i ti g th A m y f th
e s ro n e on e e ra e a e r es on e r e r, an ss s n e r o e

P t m c i t ki g p
o o a i f th i p iti
n a n o sse ss o n o e r os on s.

H 2 f d t th f ct th t H igh P i t F t P i t a d C ck pit P i t d th c d w t Ch p
e re e rre o e a a o n re e s on e o n n o -
o n ,
an en e o n o a a

k O pp it H k q t at B dd F y w
, ,

w i C
aus c re e , os ligibl pl c f b tt i a d c i d d i t
e oo er s
‘
uar e rs u
‘
s err ,
e re e e a es or a e r e s, n on s e re

un w i t tt m pt th c pt
se o a f a y l ad y c m pl t d
e l cam p ig w b t t b p d i th t
e a u re o n a re o e e , u n e ss a a n as a o u o e o en e n a

d i cti H c cl d d th t th b t w y t p v t th cti f b tt i a d t k p p
re on . e on u e a vig ti w
e es a o re en e e re on o a e r e s, n o ee o en n a a on , as

t h v a
o a e ffici t av al f c p t lli g th P t m c S Mc c l ll
su en n R p t p g 50 I a vi w f th
or e a ro n e o o a ee e an s
'

e or ,
a e . n re e o e

y (p g
.

P i l C m p ig M j ( th G
en n su a a l) B d all d i g t thi p j ct
a n, a or if it h d b
en e n era arn ar u n o s ro e ,
sa s a e a ee n
“ B all Bl fl aff i t ti m
,

att m pt d i t ifi d w l d h av b th c t i lt
’ ’ ”
e e a s u a r, en es n en s e ou e ee n e e r a n re s u .
,

G 3 l M C l ll i h i p t t th S c t y f W f h p ti
e n e ra c e an , n f th A m y f th
s re P t m c
or o e e re ar o ar o t e o era on s o e r o e o o a

w hil d h i c mm d m d i A g t 1 363 ( l y tw y a f t th v t h
e un er s o an c d d) tt ib t d
a e n u us ne ar o e rs a er e e en s e re re or e , a r u e

f th N vy D p t m
, ,

th f il
e a t k p th vig ti f th P t m c p
ure o ee t thi ti m e nat th mi a on o t e o o a o en , a s e, o e re ssn e ss o e a e ar en

in no tf i hi g a ffi ci t m b f a m d v l f th p p
urn s n su G V F th A i ta t S c ta y f
en nu er o r e e sse s or e u r o se . . . ox, e ss s n e re r o

th N avy i h i t ti m
e y b f th C m m i tt
n s th Ces d t f th W on (i p ag tt ib t th at f il
e or e e o e e on e on uc o e ar . e a r u es a u re

f th Wa D pa t m
,

p a tly t th m i
r o e re t d th m g m t f C m
ssn e ss o b t chi fl y t th f il
e r e r en ,
un er e an a e en o a e ro n , u e o e a ure

o f G l M Cl l l t f i h a f c f m h i i mm
e n era c e m y i ti m t h v t k a d h l d p
an o u rn s i f th
or e ro s e n se ar n e o a e a en n e o sse ss on o e

Vi gi i a h
r n f th iv T h C m m i tt
s ore o th C d t f th Wa
e r i th i
er mm y f th t ti m y
. e o ee on e on uc o e r, n e r su ar o e es on

o f b th M Fo a d G l M Cl l l
r y : A ft
ox p t d ff t G
n e n era l M C l ll p m i d th t
c e an , sa s er re ea e e or s, e n era c e an ro se a

h l d b e ad y at a ti m m d t p c d d w th i v Th N avy D p tm t p vi d d th
.

m e na n e r er e e ar en ro e e n ece s
‘

en s ou re ,
e ,
o ro e e o .

a y t
s r p t f th t p a d C ptai C v c mm d i g th P t m c fl till a p b i g tifi d t th t
ran s o r s or e r oo s, n a n ra en, o an n e o o a o ,
u on e n no e o a

e ff ct c ll ct d at M tthi a P o
e o e i t al l th b t f h i fl till atth ti m am d T h t p d i d ta iv a d
e a s n e oa s o s o a e e n e . e roo s no rr e. n

th N avy D p a t m t w a i f m d f th fact by C pt i C av
,

e e r en A i t t S c ta y F
s n or p i q ii g f
e o e a a n r en . ss s an e re r ox, u on n u r n o

G al M Cl ll wh y th t p h d t b
en er c e an t cc d i g t ag m t w i f m d by h im th t h i
e roo s a no ee n se n ,
a or n o re e en ,
as n or e a s
‘

en gi w
n eers f th pi i th t l g b d y f t p c l d tb l d d d th f h h d c cl d d
ere o e o n on a so ar e a o o roo s ou no e an e . an ere ore e a on u e

n tto d th m Cap tai F pli d that th l d i g f th t p w a a m att f w hich th N avy D p t

o sen e . n
'
ox re e e an n o e roo s s er o e e ar a
 HO S TILE M O VEMEN T S O N T HE PO T OMAC .

A s the Arm y of th e Po t om ac rapidly inc re ased in n u mb e rs an d e q u ip

ment in Virgi n i a in fro nt of Was hingt on it re qu i re d m ore sp ace th an th e ,

n arro w st rip betw ee n the rive r an d the adv an ce p ost s of the C on fe de rat e s ,

an d e arly in S e ptembe r it w as dete rmi n ed to ac q u i re th at sp ace b p u shi n g

y
b ack the int ru de rs A l re ady the re h ad been se v e ral little ski rmi she s b e . .

tween th e picket s an d the o u tp ost s of th e c o nfro nti n g c on te st an t s O n the .

5 th o f A u g u st a d e t achm e nt o f the Tw e nty eighth N e w York u nde r C apt ain

,
-
,

B ru sh m ostly fi re m e n att ack e d a squ ad of C onfe de rate c av al ry in Vi rgi n i a

, , ,

o pp osite the P o i n t of R o ck s killing an d w o u nding eight m en an d c apt u ring , ,

n ine p ri so ne rs an d twe n ty h orse s ; an d on the 1 2th a det achme n t o f the

Tenth N e w Y ork u nd er C apt ain Ken n e dy c ro ssed the P o t om ac fro m S an dy , ,

H ook an d att ack e d an d rou t e d some Vi rgi n i a c av al ry at L o v e tt sville

, .

“
O n the 1 2th o f S eptembe r a re c o nn o i ssance w as m ade ,
1 861 a

t o w ard L ewi n svill e fou r or five mil e s fro m C amp A dv ance at

.

, ,

the Ch ain B ridge by ab ou t tw o th ou san d men u nd e r the c omm and of Gen , ,

e ral Willia m F Smith in ch arge of a b rig ad e at th at p ost They h ad

‘
.
,
.

acc ompli shed a t op og raph ic al su rvey f or which p u rp ose th e y we re chiefly ,

sent an d we re ret u rning w h e n th e y we re att ack e d by a b o dy of Vi rgini an s

9
, , ,

u nd e r the c o mm an d o f C o l o nel J E B St u art afte rw ard the fam ou s gen e ral . . .

,

le ade r of c av al ry in the C o n fede rate army St u art O p en ed he avily with h is .

c ann on which at fi rst d i sc o n ce rted the N ati on al t roop s The l atter we re

,
.

kept s te ady u ntil G ri ffin s B atte ry w as pl aced in p ositi on when its g u n s ’

,

soo n silenced th ose o f the Vi rgini an s an d s c atte re d thei r c av al ry Then th e ,

.

N ati on al t roo p s h av i ng acc ompli shed thei r obj ect ret u rn ed to th e i r p o st ne ar

, ,
“ ”
the Ch ain B ridg e in pe rfect orde r an d excellent s pi rit s with a l oss of ,

tw o kil led an d ten w o u nded

3
.

m en t h ad ch a g e ; that th y h ad p ovi d d th n ce a y m an s t acc m pli sh th e l an d i g su cce sfu lly ; th at n o

r e r e e e ss r e o o n s

i q i y h ad b e m ad e of th m i r g a d t th at m atte an d n n ti fic ati
n u r e n th at th t o p s w e e otto b e s t
e n e r o r. o o o n e r o r n en .

It w a th g d th t th t p h l d b
s e n a ree t th xt ight C pt i C v w g i tifi d d g i
a e roo s s ou e se n e ne n . a a n ra en as a a n n o e ,
an a a n
h d h i fl till i
a s di fo th iv l f h t p ; b t t p w
a n re a n ess t d w t th t ti m
or w e arr a o t e roo s u no roo s ere se n o n a a e, n or e re

an y v et d w f th t p p
er se n C pt i F i
o n w t th i q i y f th C mm itt
or a urt wh t ose . a a n ox, n an s er o e n u r o e o e e, as o a re ason

w ig d f
as ass t d i g th t p
ne or n ol l g t th c d g m t pli d th t th ly
sen n e f roo s fl CC i ) P( ll o e se o n a ree en ,
re e a e on reason , so ar

as h c lde ti w ou th t G l M Cl l l f d th t i t m ight b i g
ase er a n, as g l g g m t Th P i
a e n era c e an e are a r n on a e n e ra e n a e en . e re s

d t wh h d it d wi th th N vy D p t m t l gi g it p p iti fi t p G
en ,
o a un e l Sc tt d th
e a e ar en n ur n s ro os on , rs u on e n e ra o an en

p G l M Cl ll m if t d g t d i pp i t m t w h h l d th t th pl h d f il d i c
q
u on e n era c e an , an es e rea sa o n en en e e arn e a e an a a e n o n so

f th t
ue n ce o p t b i g t A d C pt i C v th w p h i c mm d th P t m
e roo s no e n d ppli d
se n . n a a n ra en re u s o an on e o o ac, an a e

t b
o tt
e se n yi g th t by m i i g h
o sea, sa d d i g nthi g h w b t l i g h i w p t ti
a ,
re th an n e re an o n no n , e as u os n so n re u a on , as e

bl m f p m i tti g th P t m c t b bl ck d d w l d b i m p t d t hi m d th fl t ill d h i m m
a e or er n e o o a o e o a e ou e u e o an e o a un er s co an t

A th p t f th C mm itt m y b f q tly f d t i thi w k i t i p p t y th t i t w

s e re or s o e o ee a e re ue n re erre o n s or ,
s ro er o sa a as

j i t c mm i tt f b th H
a o n o f C g ee o pp i t d i D c m b 1 861 c i ti g f th m m b
o ou se s o f th on re ss, a o n e n e e er, ,
on s s n o re e e e rs o e

S t d f m m b f th H
e n a e an o ur f R p e t tiv w ith i t cti t i q i i t th c d ct f th
e rs o e ou se o e rese n a e s, n s ru on s o n u re n o e on u o e

w ar T h C mm itt
. c i t d f B F W d Z Ch d l
e o ee d A d w J h
on s s e f th S t dD W o . a e, . an er, an n re o n son , o e e n a e , an . .

d M F O d ll f th H
.

G ch J h C v d G W J li
oo ,
o n o o e, f R p
. t tiv Th y c tit t d p
. u an , an . . e ,
o e ouse o e rese n a es . e on s u e a er

m t c t f i q i y w ith p w t d f p
an e n ou r o n d p p
u r Wh S t J h
,
w pp i t d
o er o se n or e rson s an a e rs. en e n a or o n so n as a o n e

Mili t y G v ar f T o h i pl c th C mm itt
e rn or o w ppli d by J ph A W ight f I di
e n n e ssee, s a e on e o ee as su e ose . r . o n an a .

Th t p c i t d f th S v ty i th ( H ighl d ) N w Y k Militi ; b tt li
1 ese roo s o ns s e of V m t d e e en -
n n an e rs e or a a a on s o er on an

I di V l t
n an a d f th F i t U it d St t Ch
o un e ers, an ; C v l y c m p y d G iffi W t P i t
o e rs n e a es asse urs a a a r o an ,
an r
’
n s es o n

Ba tt y er .

Th w th Thi t th Vi gi ia V l t
3 e se R
ere B tt y f th W hi gt A till y a d
e r e en r n o un eers, osse r s
’
a er o e as n on r er ,
n a

d tach m t f cav l y
e en o a r .

R p t f Li t t C l l Sh l a d A dj ta t I l d a d d i p tch f G
e or s o e u en an l M Cl l la ll d t d
-
o on e a er n u n re an , n s a o e n era c e n, a a e

S pt m b 1 1 th 1 861 G al M C l l l j i d th c l m at th cl
e e er , . f th aff i C l l St t (C
en e r c e an o ne e o u n e o se o e a r . o on e u ar on

f d t ) g v gl w i g a c t f th c f i i t w hich th N ati l w th w by h i fi t attack a d

e e ra e a e a o n c ou n o e on us on n o e o na s e re ro n s- rs ,
n

g v th fi i th a p ct f g t vict y f hi m lf H p t d f a f l h v c i th a k f th
a e e a a r
’

e s e o my
a rea or or se . e re or e e r u a o n e r n so e en e .
"

O l ur h id w oss,t a c atch t m
"
he sa — St t R p t S pt 1 1 1 861as n o s r o an or o rse . uar
’
s e or ,
e .
, .

thi cc i i xp i g h i c
,

St a t pp t h v b
u r cc d f a h
a ears o a e t th d g f e en a u se o r s n e ss o n s o as o n . n e os n s an n on o e an er "

capt I u re. t g ph l t t b f m d t d at M
n an au o Hil l S pt m b i 4th
ra d add d tGe l er e ore e a e u n son s
’
. e e e r , an re sse o e n e ra

L g t t h p l th e acc atio a d d cl a s that at ti m w a a pi c f h i c

.

on s ree , e re e s i a p iti that it

us n, n e re no e s e e o s an n on n os on
1 36 AN IN GENI O U S DECEP T I O N .

T h ee d ay s
r L e w in svill e th e pick et s on th e right of
after th e affa r n e ar i ,

th e c o m m an d o f C o l o n e l J oh n W G e ary o f th e T w en ty — e ighth P e n n sylv an i a .

, ,

st ati on e d th ree m il e s ab ov e D arn est o w n in M aryl an d w ere , ,

“
att ack e d by fo u r h u n dre d an d fifty Vi rgi n ian s w h o h ad b o ldly ,

c ro sse d th e Pot om ac A spi rit e d ski rm i sh for ab ou t tw o h o urs .

e n su e d re su lti n g in a l oss to th e assail an t s of e ight o r te n kill e d an d se v e ral

, ,

w ou n d e d an d th e i r u tt e r re p u l se
,
G e ary s l oss w as on e kill e d ; an d h is g ai n .
’

w as g re at an i m ati on for th e t roop s u n d e r h is c o m m an d w h o w e re ch arg e d ,

i h h o ldi n g th e c o u n t ry o pp o sit e Harp e r s F erry A littl e l at e r

’

6O t 9
w t .
,
c . .

”
coct 1 6 N ati on al t roop s p e rm an e n tly o cc u pi e d L e w i n svill e Vi en n a an d c

d o“1 7 “
.
,
.
,

F ai rfax C ou rt Hou se th e C onf e d e rat e s fallin g b ack to C en t re vill e

“
,

w ith ou t fi rin g a sh o t T h e y h ad e v ac u at e d M u n son s H ill o n th e 28 th of

.
’

S e pt em b er w h en th e p o siti on w as fo rm ally t ak e n p osse ssi on o f by th e N a

,

tio n al s w h o h ad b e en fo r som e ti m e l oo ki n g u p on it fro m B ail e y s C ro ss

’
,

ro ad s w ith m u ch re sp e ct b e c au se o f its app are n tly fo rm id abl e w o rk s an d ,

h e avy arm am e n t T h e se h ad b een re c on n o it e re d w i th g re at c au ti on an d p ro

.
,

n o u n c e d to b e al arm i n gly st ro n g w h en th e fort w as re ally a slight e arth , ,

w ork ru n n in g i rre g u l arly aroun d ab ou t fo u r ac re s o n th e b row o f th e hill

, ,
”
w i th o u t ditch o r gl aci s in e v e ry re sp e ct a sq u i rm i n g pi e c e of w ork
,
as an ,

e e w it n e ss w rot e
y
-
I t s arm am e n t c on si st e d o f o n e st o v e pip e an d tw o l o g s
.
-

th e l att e r w ith a bl ack di sc p ain t e d on th e m iddl e of th e saw e d e n d o f e ach ,

givi n g th em th e app e aran c e at a di st an c e o f th e m u zzl e s o f 1 00 p ou n d Par , ,

-

”
ro t t g u n s T h e se Q u ak er G u n s like .
,

si m il ar on es at Man assas a fe w m o n th s

l ate r h ad fo r six w eek s d efi e d th e , , ,

A rm y of th e Po t om ac I n a h ou se n e ar .

th e fort (w hich w as soon m ad e in t o a

st ro n g reg u l ar w ork
) B rig adi e r G e n ,
-

e ral J am e s Wad sw o rth w h o w as pl ac e d ,

in c om m an d th e re m ad e h is h e ad — q u ar ,

t ers ; an d on th e roof h e c au se d a sig

n al st ati o n to b e e re ct e d from w hich -

th e re w as an i n t erch an g e o f i n t e llig e n c e
w ith an oth er st ati on o n th e d om e of
th e c apit o l at Washi n gt o n T h e re th e .

w r it e r vi sit e d G e n e ral Wad sw orth l at e

W m a m m m r n As s x ,

in N o v e m b er 1 8 6 1 an d foun d th at , ,

ard e n t an d d e v o t e d p at ri o t w h o h ad l eft al l th e e ase an d e n j o ym e n t s w hich

,

g reat w e al th an d a ch arm i n g d om e stic ci rcl e b esto w an d for th e sak e o f h is ,

e n d an g e re d c o u n t r y w as e n d u ri n g al l th e p riv ati o n s i n cid e n t to an ard u ou s

c am p life His q u art e rs w e re h u m bl e an d in n o re sp e ct did h is arran g e

.
,

m en t s for c om fo rt di ff e r fro m th o se o f h is b ro th e r offi c e rs .

O n th e day of th e gran d re vi e w of th e c av al r y an d artil l e r y of th e A rm y

c l d t hav
ou

St a t l tt
u r
no
‘
s e er
e sa e

to
f ly t at d f
re re

G al J h
e n er o
e ro

n so n ,
m b f a a my f
e

w ith a i d m
-
ore ad v a ci g atth
n d bl i
r o

t t tifyi g t th j d ici d i p iti

n n orse en , es n
n

o
n

e u
e ou

ou s
e-

s
q
u c

os on
Lo n s
of th e
gt t
ca
ree

n n on
se n

in
t
th e e n g ag e m e n t .

f m a ph t g aph by Ga d
T hi s is ro o o r r n er o f . Washi n gton City d p . t
an f th l g
re re se n s on e o e o s in th e form o f a

a d p ai t d bl ack th t w a f
ca n n o n
,
n d n e ,
a s ou n in an em ba
r sure at Manassas aft th Co f d ate
, er e n e er s wi th d re w f
rom

t hat p t i th p i g of 1 862
os , n e s r n .
 HO S TILIT IES AT HARPER S ’
FERRY .
1 37

of Pot om ac th ere w as an im p ort an t m o v em en t in th e v ici n ity of Har

th e ,
‘

p e r s F e rry w hich l e d to a still m o re i m p ort an t o n e a w ee k l at er O n th at

’
, .

“
day M aj or J P G ou ld o f th e T hi rt e en th M assach u sett s w as se n t ac ross
,
. .
, ,

th e riv e r to som e m ill s a sh o rt di st an c e ab o v e Harp e r s F e rry

’
,

to se iz e som e w h e at th ere b e l on gi n g to th e C on fe d e rat e s

2
The .

m o v em en t w as m ad e k n o w n to G e n e ral Ev an s c o m m an di n g in
3
,

th e vic in ity an d q u it e a h e avy forc e w as sen t to Opp o se th e m G e ary w as 4

, .

c all e d u p on for re e n forc em e n t s He p rom ptly re sp on d e d by c rossin g th e riv er

-
.

w ith ab o u t six h u n d re d m e n an d fou r pi e c e s of c an n on th e l att e r u n d er th e ,

re sp e ctiv e c om m an d s o f C apt ai n T o m pki n s o f th e Rh o d e I sl an d B att e ry an d

,
5
Li e u t e n an t M arti n of th e N i n th N e w Yo rk B att e ry T he w h e at w as se c u re d .

an d m ad e i n t o fl o u r ; an d G e ary w as ab ou t to re c ross th e riv e r w ith h is

b o oty on th e m o rn i n g
,

o f th e 1 6 th w h en h is ,

pick e t s on ,
B oliv ar
He ight s tw o an d a ,

h alf m il e s w est of Har

’
p e r s F e rry an d e x ,

t en di n g from th e Pot o
m ac to th e Sh e n an doah ,

w e re att ack e d by C on
fe d e rat e s in th ree c ol
umus c on si st in g of in
,

fan try an d c av al ry an d ,

su pp orte d by artill e ry
Q U E S C
.

G MP m ‘

i n n y s l l EA D- A RT R ON A n e rrrs.
T h e p ick e t s w e re d riv e n
i n t o th e t ow n o f B oliv ar G e ary w h o w i th h is m ai n b ody w as on C am p .
,
“
, ,

Height s an e m i n e n c e aro un d th e foo t of w hich n e stl e s th e v ill ag e o f

,

Harp e r s F e rr y ralli e d th e m an d a g e n e ral fi ght e n su e d I n h is fron t on

’
, ,
.
,

B oliv ar He ight s w e re a l arg e b o dy of t ro o p s an d th re e h e av y g u n s an d

, ,

su dd e n ly th e re app e are d on L o u d o n He ight s o n h is l e ft ac ro ss th e Sh e n an

,

d oah Riv e r an oth e r l arg e b o dy of m e n w ith fou r pi e c e s of c an n on w hich

, , ,

w ith pl u n gi n g sh o t m ight t e rribly sm it e th e li ttl e N ati on al forc e an d c om ,

m an d th e fe rry o n th e P o t o m ac .

G e ary se n t a c om p an y of th e T hi rt ee n th M assach u se tt s u n d er C apt ain

‘

Sch rib e r to g u ard th e ford s o f th e Sh en an d oah an d p re v e n t t roop s c ro ssi n g

, ,

th e re an d j o in i n g th ose on B oliv ar He ight s He th e n h ad o n ly fou r h u n d re d .

an d fifty m en l eft to fight h is fo e o n h is fron t With th e se h e rep e ll e d th ree .

p ag 1 32
See e .

Hi f c c
3 s i t d f th c m p i f th T hi d Wi c i a d a cti
or e on s s e o f C pt i T m pki
re e Rh do an e s o e r s on s n , n se on o a an o ns s
’
o e

I l
s and B tt y a er .

T hi w a C l sl E va w h c m m d d th xt m l ft f th C f d t atth t b i d g t th
s o on e n s, o o an e e e re e e o e on e e ra e s e s on e r e, a e

o p i g f th b ttl f B ll R
en n o e th ma i g f th 21 t J ly 1 86 1 S p g 590 v l m I
e o u
‘
s u n, on e o rn n o e s u , . ee a e ,
o u e .

Th i f c c
4 i t d f th T hi t th d N i t th Mi i ippi E ighth Vi gi i A hby Vi gi i
s or e on s s e o e r een an n e ee n ss ss ,
r n a, s
’
s r n a

R gi m t f cav al y d R g
e en o R ich m d B tt y f i pi c th w h l c m m d d by G
r ,
an o ers s l Ev i
’
on a er o s x e e s, e o e o an e en e ra an s n

p erson .

Th m ai d e re f G y f c c i td f f
n mp i
er o f th T w ty ighth P ylva ia d th
e ar
’
s or e on s s e o ou r co an e s o e en -
e en n s n an ree

of th T hi d Wi c
e ir s on s n .

G a y q a t w at th l g G v m t h
e r
’
s u r e rs C m p H ight d li at d i th
ere g avi g in
e ar e o e rn en o u se on a e s, e ne e n e en r n ,

w hich G l K l y B k s a d Mil w
en era s ft w d q t d I t w a i t ibly d il pi dat d c d iti
en e ,
an , n es ere a er ar uar e re . s n a e rr a e on on

wh th w it
en vi i t d a d k tch d i t ly i O ct b 1 866 it t w ll c d by h t d h ll a d it
e r er s e n s e e ,
e ar n o e r. , s ou er a s s arre s o an s e ,
n s

i t i al m ta i O th l ft f th pict i
n e r or os ru n . th w t l p f L d H ight ac ss th
n e e o e ure s seen e es e rn s o e o on on e s, ro e

Sh a d ah
en n o .
 NATI O NAL VI C T O RY AT HAR P ER S F ERRY
’
.

fi erc e ch arg es of A shby s c av al ry an d w i th st oo d th e st orm of b u ll et s from a ’

,

l on g li n e of in fan t ry o n B o liv ar Height s u n til j o i n e d at e l e v en o cl ock by , ,

’
,

Li e u t e n an t M art in w i th on e rifl e d c an n on w ith w hich h e h ad c rosse d th e

, ,

Pot om ac F e rry un de r a g alli n g fi re of rifl em e n on L ou d on He ight s T h ese .

tw o c om p an i e s o f th e T w en ty e ighth P en n sylv an i a t u rn e d th e C o n fe d erat e -

l eft n e ar th e Pot om ac an d g ai n e d a p orti on of th e Height s At th e sam e ,

.

ti m e M arti n Op en e d a t e lli n g fi re on th e C on fe d erat e c an n on in fron t an d

, ,

T om pki n s sil en c e d tw o g u n s on L ou d o n He ight s T h e m ai n b ody m o v e d .

forw ard at thi s c ri si s ch arg e d th e f oe an d in a fe w m i n u t e s w ere in p ossessi on

, ,

of B o liv ar He ight s fro m riv e r to riv e r It w as n ow h alf p ast on e o cl o ck in ’

-
.

th e aft e rn oon T h e C on fe d erat es fl e d an d w e re d riv en u p th e v all e y in th e

.
,

di re cti on of Hallt ow n T h e y did n ot c e ase th e i r flight u n t il th e y re ach e d .

Ch arl est o wn on th e lin e of th e rail w ay b e t w e en Harp er s F e rry an d Win

,
’

ch e st e r a di st an c e of six m il e s
,
.

M aj o r T y n d al e arriv e d from Po i n t o f B ooks w ith fi v e c om p an i es of G e ary s ’

regi m e n t i m m e di at e ly aft e r th e c apt u re o f th e He ight s He b ro u ght w ith h im .

th e st an d ard of th e T w e n ty e ighth P en n sylv an i a It w as i m m e di at e ly u n furl e d -

.
,
”
an d u n d er its fo ld s w rot e th e vict or w e di re ct e d th e fi re of o u r artill ery
, ,

ag ai n st th e b att e ri e s an d fo rc e s on L o u d o n He ight s an d soon su cc ee d e d in ,

sil e n ci n g e v e ry gu n an d d rivi n g aw ay e v e ry reb e l th at c ou ld b e se e n Th e .

” 1 ’
vict ory w as n o w c om pl e t e G eary s t roop s rest e d u n til e v e n i n g w h en th ere .
, ,

b e i n g n o m ilit ary n e c e ssity f o r h oldi n g B oliv ar He ight s at th at ti m e h e ,

c rosse d th e F e rry w i th h is w h ol e c o m m an d an d re su m e d h is p o siti on in M ary

l an d His l oss w as fou r kill e d sev e n w ou n d ed an d tw o t ak en p ri son e rs
.
, ,
.

T h e l oss fe ll chi e fly on th e Wi sc o n si n t roop s ’

T h e l oss of th e C on fe d e rat e s .

is u n k n o w n .

Still m ore i m p ort an t m o v em e n t s w e re m ad e o n th e li n e o f th e P ot om ac

R iv e r as th e b e au tifu l m on th of O ct ob er w as p assin g aw ay At th at ti m e .

M aj or G en e ral B an k s w as in c o m m an d of t roo p s h oldi n g th e M aryl an d side

-

o f th e riv e r fro m D arn est o w n to Willi am sp o rt B rig adi er G en eral Ch arl e s .

-

P St o n e (wh o h ad b e e n assig n e d to th e c o m m an d o f a sp e ci al c orp s of o b ser

.

v ati on on th e right fl an k of th e A rm y of th e Pot om ac ) w ith a c on sid e rabl e ,

b ody of t roop s th en h ad h is h e ad q u art e rs at Po ol e svill e a sh ort di st an c e from

,
-
,

C on rad s an d Edw ards s F e rri es on th e Po t om ac Riv er T h ese ferri e s w ere

’ ’
,
.

n ot far fro m L eesb u rg th e c apit al of L o u d on C o u n ty Vi rgi n i a w h ere it , , ,

w as rep ort e d th at th e C on fe d e rat e l eft u n d er G e n e ral N G E v an s w as ,

. .
,

st ron g in n u m b e rs T h e t ro o p s u n d e r St on e c on fron t e d thi s l eft w i n g

.
,

an d c om m an d e d th e app ro ach es to L e esb u rg a vill ag e at th e t erm i n u s of th e ,

Al e x an d ri a L ou d on an d Ham p shi re rail w ay an d w hich w as th e key to th e

, , ,

u pp e r i n t e ri or c om m u n ic ati on w ith th e V all e y o f th e Sh en an d o ah B et w ee n .

th e tw o fe rri e s j u st n am e d (w hich w e re fou r o r fi v e m il e s ap art ) w as Harri

son s I sl an d th re e m il e s in l en gth an d v e ry n arrow an d n e arly e q u ally divi
’
,

din g th e riv er .

1 R ep t of Col o l J h W
or th t p t C l l G a y m ti d th f ct
ne o n . G y O ct b
ear ,
o er 1 8th, 1 8 61 . In a re or o on e e r en on e e a

th t th H abl D i l M C k (f th f th v l M C k w h
a e . on or e v d th U i c
an e a g
c l oo a er o e se e ra c oo s o ser e e n on a u se s en era

offi w ll th
ce rs so gh t th w ) w i th g g m t g i h nd a
e rou ou
“ m t l di
e ar as n e en a e en , un n a . s an a a e u r so er .
"

9
I hi p tG n l G a y ai d : “T h f m wh w kill d w
s re or ft w a d ch g d p by th
e n e ra e r s e our en o e re e e re a er r ar e u on e

cav al y a d tabb d th gh th b d y t ipp d f al l th i cl thi g t xc pti g h a d t cki

r n , s e rou d l ft
e o ,
s r e o e r o n , no e e n s oe s n s o n g s, an e

i p f ct
n er ed ity O wa l ai d t i th f m f c cifixi w ith h i h d p d a d t th h th p l m
nu .. ne s ou n e or o ru on , s an s s re a n cu ro u g e a s

w ith d ll k if T hi i h m t t m t i
a u n e.d t p xc d i gly a d I f a it c q c m ay
s n u an re a en nc en se our roo s e ee n ,
n e r s on se uen es

b h w i taliati g h aft
e s o n n re n ere er.
"
 M O VEMENT S O N T HE U PPER P O T O MAC .
1 39

O n th e 1 7th of O ct ob e r it w as re p o rt e d (erron e ou sly ) th at th e C onf e d erat es

had e v ac u at e d L ee sb urg G e n eral Mc C l ell an th en d e t e rm i n e d to m ak e a
.

th oro u gh re c on n oi ssan c e of th e C on fe d erat e l eft to asc e rt ai n th e i r st ren gth , ,

an d to c o v e r th e o pe rati on s o f h is t op o g raphic al e n gi n e e rs in
“
He acc ordi n gly o rd ere d G en e ral
m ak in g a m ap o f th at regi on .

Mc C all w h o h e ld th e adv an c e d c om m an d in Virgin i a on th e right

,

of th e N ati o n al lin e to m o v e fo rw ard an d o cc u py D rain sv il l e ab ou t h alf

, ,

w ay b e t w een th e Ch ain B ridg e an d L ee sb u rg He did so an d p u sh e d h is .

,

sc ou t s fo rw ard to G oose C ree k w ithi n fo u r m il e s of th e l att e r pl ac e .

“
,

O n th e fo ll o win g m orn i n g G en e ral B an k s t e l e g raph e d to

,
5 O t 20 c
G e n eral Mc C l ellan from D arn est o w n sayi n g T h e sig n al st ati on
. .

, ,

at S u g ar L o af t e l e g raph s th at th e e n e m y h av e m o v e d aw ay fro m L eesb u r g .

Mc C al l h ad al so re p o rte d to Mc C l e l l an th e p re vi o u s e v en i n g th at h e h ad n o t
e n c o u n t ere d an y Opp ositi o n an d th at it w as re p ort e d th at th e C o nf e d e rat es
,

h ad ab an d on e d th e t o w n O n th e st re n gth O f B an ks s di sp atch an d w ith ou t ’

.
,

w aiti n g fo r l at er i n fo rm ati on from D rain sv ill e Mc C l ell an n otifi e d ‘

Oct 20 ,
c

G e n eral St on e Of th e m o v em en t o f Mc C all He assu re d h im th at

. .

“h e avy re c on n o i ssan c e s ” w ou ld b e se n t ou t th at da “in al l di re cti ons ” from

y
D rain sv ille an d d e si re d him to k ee p “a g o o d l oo k ou t o n L eesb u rg
”
to see
, ,
“
if it h ad th e e ff e ct to d riv e th e C on fed e rat es aw ay addi n g Pe rh ap s a slight , ,
”
d e m on st rati on o n y ou r p art w ou ld h av e th e eff e ct to m ov e th em T hi s .

di sp atch re ach e d St on e b e fo re n oo n He act e d p rom ptly an d at e v e n i n g h e

.
,

t el eg raph e d to th e Chi e f th at h e h ad m ade a fe i n t Of c rossi n g th e riv e r d u ri n g ,

th e afte rn oon at tw o pl ac es an d h ad se n t o u t a re c on n oit e ri n g p arty t o w ard

, ,
“
L e e sb u rg from Harri son s I sl an d addi n g I h av e m e an s of c rossi n g on e
’
, , ,
”
h u n d re d an d t w e n ty fi v e m en on c e in te n m i n u t es at e ach of tw o p oi n t s
-
.

T o thi s di sp atch h e re c e iv e d n o re ply .

T h e fe in t h ad b e e n m ad e at th e ferri e s of E d w ard s an d C o n rad al re ady ,

m en ti o n e d T h e b rig ad e of G e n e ral G e rm an S e v e n th Michig an tw o t roo p s

.
, ,

o f th e Van Al e n c av al ry an d th e P u t n am R an g e rs w e re se n t to th e fo rm e r
, ,

w h e re a se cti on of B un ti n g s N e w Y o rk B att e ry w as on d u ty
’
T o th e l att er .

St on e se n t a b at tali on of th e T w en ti e th M assach u se tt s u n d er its c om m an d e r , ,

C ol on e l L e e a secti on of V augh an s Rh o d e I sl an d B att ery an d C o l on e l

,
’
,

C og sw e ll s N e w York (T am m an y ) R e gim en t T h e ferry w as at th at ti m e de

’
.

fe n d e d by a se cti on of Rick ett s s B att ery C ol on e l D e v en s w as se n t to’

.

Harri son s I sl an d in tw o fl at b o at s from th e Ch esap eak e an d O hi o C an al

’
-

b earin g fo ur c om p an i es Of h is M assach u sett s F ift ee n th O n e c om p an y o f th e .

sam e re gi m e n t w as al re ady th e re A re serv e n u m b eri n g ab ou t th re e th ou

.
,

san d m e n w as h e ld in re adi n ess to c o Op e rat e sh ou ld a b attl e e n su e

,
With -
,
.

this rese rv e w as th e fi n e b o dy of Pen n sylv an i an s k n ow n as th e F i rst C ali

forn ia regi m en t c om m an d e d by C o l on e l E D B ake r th en a re p resen t ativ e
,
. .
,

o f th e S tat e o f O re g o n in th e N ati on al S en at e T h e se m o v e m en t s at fi rst .

,

d esig n e d as a fe i n t re su lt e d in a b attl e
“
.
,

Mc C al l h ad m ad e a re c on n o i ssan c e on S un d ay the 20th w hich d O ct b , ,

o er.
h ad e vid e n tly c au se d an Opp osi n g m ov em en t on th e p art of th e
C o n fe d e rat e s A n i n fan t ry regim en t o f th ese h ad b een ob serv e d m arch in g
.

from L e e sb u rg an d t aki n g sh elt er b ehi n d a hill ab ou t a m il e an d a h alf from ,

th e p o siti on o f th e N ati on al s at Edw ards s F e rry I n o rd e r to di sp e rse o r ’

.

in ti m id at e th ese G en eral G orm an w as ord ere d to d epl oy h is forc es in th eir

,
 IN VASI O N O F V IR GINIA .

vi e w . fill e d w ith t roop s w ere m an eu v e re d as if c rossi n g

T h ree fl at b oat s, -

, ,

and sh o t an d sh e ll w e re c ast i n t o th e pl ac e w h ere th e fo e w as c on c e al e d T hi s .

d em on st rati on c au se d th e C on fe d erat e s to re tire an d at t w ilight G orm an s ,

’

forc e ret u rn e d to c amp .

I n th e m e an ti m e a sc ou tin g p arty of ab ou t t w e n ty m en h ad b een sen t

,

ou t fro m Harri son s I sl an d u n d er C apt ai n Philb rick o f th e F ift ee n th M assa

’
,

c h u setts T h e y asc e n d e d th e st ee p b an k on th e V irgi n i a sid e Opp o sit e th e

.
,

isl an d kn ow n as B all s Bl u ff w hich ri se s ab ou t on e h u n d re d an d fifty fee t

’
, ,

ab o v e th e Po t om ac Philb rick w en t a sh ort dist an c e t o w ard L eesb u rg

.
,

w h en h e di sc o v e re d as b e su pp ose d a sm all c am p o f C on fe d erat e s app a

U p on re c e ivi n g in form ati on of thi s fact Gen eral
, ,

re n tl y n ot w e ll g u ard e d .
,

St on e w h o su pp o se d th at Mc C al l w as n e ar to assi st if n e c e ssary se n t ord e rs

, , ,

to C o l on e l D e v en s to c ro ss fro m Harri son s I sl an d w ith fi v e c om p an i e s o f h is

’

regim e n t an d p ro c ee d at d aw n to su rp ri se th at c am p
,
C o l on e l L e e w as al so .

o rd e re d to c ro ss fro m th e M aryl an d sh o re w ith fo u r c om p an i e s of h is re gi

m en t an d a fou r o are d b oat to o cc u py th e i sl an d after D e v en s s d e p art u re an d

’
-
, ,

to se n d o n e c o m p an y to th e Vi rg in i a sh o re to t ak e p ositi on o n th e h e igh ts ,

th ere an d c o v e r h is re t u rn T w o m ou n t ai n h ow itz ers w ere al so to b e sen t

,
.

st e althily u p th e to w p ath Of th e c an al an d c arri e d o v e r to th e Opp o sit e sid e

-

o f th e i sl an d so as to c omm an d th e Vi rgi n i a sh o re
,
T h e se ord ers w ere .

p rom ptly o b e y e d D e v e n s adv an c e d at d aw n b u t th e rep ort e d c am p c o u ld

.
,

n ot b e fou n d It p ro v e d th at oth er obj e ct s h ad b een m i st ak en for t e n t s

. .

He m arch e d c au ti o u sly o n to w ithi n a m il e of L e e sb u rg w ith ou t di sc o v eri n g ,

sc arc e ly a t rac e Of a foe T h ere h e h alt e d in a w oo d an d sen t a c ou ri er to

.
,

G e n e ral St on e for furth er ord ers .

D e v e n s h ad b ee n w atch e d by vigil an t C on fe d erate s ‘

E v an s an d h is m ai n .

forc e l ay o n G oose C re e k R ifl em en an d c av al ry w e re h o v e ri n g n ear an d .

,

w aiti n g a fav orabl e Opp o rt u n ity to st rik e D e v e n s He h ad a slight ski rm i sh .

w ith th e form er in w hich o n e o f h is m en w as kill e d an d n i n e w e re w o u n d e d

, ,

w h en h e fe ll b ack in safe ty an d in p erfe ct ord er t o w ard th e bl u ff at ab ou t ,

e ight O cl o ck in th e m o rn i n g an d h alt e d w ithi n a m il e of th e littl e b an d

’
,

u n d er C o l o n e l L e e Whil e t arryi n g in an Op en fi eld Of ab ou t e ight ac res h e

.
,

re c e iv e d a m e ssag e from G e n eral St o n e di re ct in g h im to rem ai n th e re u n til

,

su pp ort c ou ld b e se n t to h im T h e re m ai n d er o f D e v en s s re gi m en t h ad b e en ’
.

brou ght o v e r by Li e u t en an t C o l on e l Ward His e n tir e forc e c on si st e d of -

.

on ly six h u n dre d an d t w en ty fi v e m en -
.

I n th e m e an t im e C o l on e l B ak e r w h o w as acti n g as b rig adi er g en e ral

, ,
-

in c om m an d o f th e re serv e s h ad b e en ord e re d to h av e th e C aliforn i a R egi ,

m en t u n d er Li e u t e n an t C o l on e l Wi st ar at C on rad s F e rry at su n ri se an d
,
-
,
’
,

th e rem ai n d er Of h is c om m an d re ady to m o v e e arly I n ord er to div e rt .

att en ti on from D ev e n s s m o v e m en t C o l o n e l G e rm an w as di re ct e d to se n d
’
,

tw o c om p an i es of th e F irst Mi n n e so t a R e gi m e n t C o l on e l D an a ac ro ss th e , ,

riv e r at Edw ards s F e rry u n d er c o v e r Of R ick e tt s s c an n on to m ak e a re c o n

’ ’
, ,

An n sE gli h C b t t
C f d at
o m a an vic i a v l m titl d B attl fi l d f th S u th f m
in th e on ”
e er e se r e, n o u e en e e e so e o ro

pg
,

B ll
u
’
s y th at th w
R u n to G etty sbu r g ( a e v al Ma yl a d i E va cam p w h w
sa s m ere e re se er r n e rs n ne s
‘
o ere e

pl y d pi
o e g th
as s e s lthy y g f m am d E lij h Whit w h
A m on
. e se w as a w ea i d d a P l vill ou n ar er n e a e, o re s e ne r o o es e .

H b l g d t a c m p y f C f d at cav al y a d ft
e e on e o o c and th P t m c by wi mm i g h i h
o on e a d er e r ,
n o en ro sse e o o a s n s orse , n

gath d v al abl i f m ti f th i u g t s H m ti m w t v t B lti m w h h h l d

e re u e n or a on or e n s r en . e so e es en e en o a ore, e re e e co n

f c with th c i i ts a d al ways r t urn d with a a c s th at n i ty ni e f v y h d d f th

ere n e e se e ss o n s ,
n e e ssur n e ne -
n o e er un re o e

Ma yl a d w e b l s
r n ers er re e .
 C OLO NEL BAK ER AND HIS TR OO P S .
1 41

n o issan ce t o w ard L e esb u rg ; an d a p arty of th e Van Al en c av al ry l e d by ,

M aj o r Mix w e re ord e re d to sc ou r th e c ou n t ry in th e di re cti on of th at t ow n

, ,

an d afte r g ain i n g al l p ossibl e i n form ati on c o n c e rn i n g its t o p og raphy an d th e ,

p o si ti on o f th e C on fe d erat e s to h ast en b ack to th e c o v e r of th e Mi n n e so t a

,

ski rm i sh e rs . T h ese m o v e m e n t s w ere w e ll p e rform e d T h e sc o u t s c am e .

su dd en ly u p on a Mi ssi ssippi re gi m e n t w h e n sh ot s w e re e xch an g e d w ith o u t

,

m u ch h arm to e ith e r p arty .

At a littl e p ast n oon D e v en s an d h is b an d w e re assail e d by C on fe d e rat e s

,

u n d e r C o l on e l s J e n ife r an d Hu n t o n in th e w o o d s th at ski rt e d th e Op e n fi e ld
,

in w hich th e y h ad h alt e d I nf an t ry att ack e d th e m ai n b o dy o n th e i r l eft

.
,

an d c av al ry fe ll u p o n th e ski rm i sh e rs in fro n t His m en st oo d th e i r g ro u n d .

fi rm ly ; b u t b e i n g p re sse d by o v e rwh e l m i n g n u m b ers an d re e n fo rc em en t s

, ,
-

n ot arrivi n g th e y fe ll b ack ab o u t sixty p ac e s to fo il an att e m pt to fl an k

, ,

th e m T hi s w as acc om pli sh e d an d th e y t o ok a p o si ti on ab ou t h alf a m il e in

.
,

fro n t O f C o l on e l L ee .

I n th e m ean ti m e C o l on e l B ak er h ad b een p re ssi n g fo rw ard fro m C o n rad s ’

F e rry to th e re li e f o f th e assail e d t roop s R an ki n g D e v e n s h e h ad b e e n

, .
,

o rd e re d to Harri son s I sl an d to t ak e th e chi e f c o m m an d w ith fu ll di se re

’
,

tion ary p o w e rs to re e n fo rc e th e p arty

-
V i rgi n i a sh o re o r to w ithd raw ,

al l of th e t roo p s to th e M aryl an d

sh o re . He w as c au ti o n e d to b e c are
f u l w i th th e artill e ry u n d er h is c on
t ro l an d n ot to b e c om e e n g ag e d w ith
,

g re atly su p eri or n u m b e rs .

Wh e n B ak e r fou n d th at D ev en s
h ad b e e n att ack ed h e d e cid e d to re
,

e n fo rc e h im It w as an u nf o rt u n at e
.

d e ci si on u n d e r th e ci rc u m stan c es
, ,

an d y e t it th e n seem e d to b e th e o n ly

p ro p er on e T h e t ask w as a m ost
.

diffic u lt an d p e ril o u s on e T he riv e r .

h ad b e e n m ad e fu ll by re c e n t rai n s ,

an d th e c u rre n t s in th e ch an n e l s o n

e ach sid e w e re v ery sw ift T h e

B KE
.

E D A R.
m e an s fo r t ran sp ort ati on w e re en
. .

tire l y i n ad e q u at e T h e re h ad b e en n o e xpe ct ati o n of su ch m o v em en t an d

.
,

n o p ro vi si o n h ad b ee n m ad e fo r it T h e re w as on ly o n e sc o w o r fl at b oat
.
,
-

fo r th e se rvic e b e t w een th e M aryl an d sh o re an d Harri son s I sl an d an d at

’
, ,

fi rst o n ly tw o ski ff s an d a F ran ci s m e tallic life b o at w e re on th e opp osit e -

sid e. T O th e se w e re soon add e d o n e sc ow; an d th e se fo u r littl e v e sse l s com

p o se d th e e n ti re m ean s O f t ran sp ort ati on o f se v e ral h u n d re d t roop s an d
m u n iti o n s of w ar .

Mc C l ell an h ad n ot ord ere d m ore th an a d em o n st rati on by a ’

sm all p o rti on o f St on e s t roo p s in c o nj u n cti on w i th th o se o f Mc C al l ; b u t

’
,
“
S ton e to w h om th e chi e f h ad n ot i n tim at e d h is obj e ct in ord e rin g h eavy
,

re c o n n o i ssan c es in al l di re cti on s in th at vici n ity an d w h o k n e w th at th ere ,

w e re forty th ou san d t roo p s w i t hi n e asy c all of h is p ositi on n at u rally c on ,

side re d th at th e y w ere to c om pl e t e th e e xp u l si o n Of th e C on fe d e rat e s fro m

th e P o t om ac He th ere fore m ade w h at di sp ositi on h e m ight to assi st in th e

.
 BAT TLE OF BALL
’
S BLUF F .

m o v e m e n t , in c on j u n cti on w ith Mc C all an d as h e su pp ose d w ith th e divi , , ,

si on Of G e n e ral S mith k n o w n to b e w ithi n su pp o rti n g di st an c e

‘
He w as , .

ig n oran t o f th e v ery i m p ort an t fact th at on th e p re vi ou s e v en in g G en e ral , ,

Mc C l ell an h ad ord e red Mc C all to fall b ack fro m D rain e sv il l e It w as so . .

At th e v e ry ti m e w h en B ak er w as p re p ari n g to p ass ov e r th e reserv e s in

forc e Mc C al l by ord e r of Mc C l ell an w as m archi n g b ack to h is c am p n e ar
, , ,

th e Ch ain B ridg e an d S m i th w as w ith ou t o rd e rs to do an y thin g in p arti e n

,

l ar th u s m akin g th e pe ril th at th re at e n e d th e N ati on al s at B all s Bl uff

’
,

m u ch g reat er for w an t of thi s su pp ort .

C o l on e l B ak er lik e G e n e ral S ton e w as ign oran t of thi s d am agi n g m o v e

, ,

m en t an d w as p re ssi n g o n in high sp irit s w ith th e m ost w e ari so m e an d p e r

, ,

e x in g t o il in sl o w ly p assi n g his t roo p s in th re e sc o w s

’
l w h en h e ari n g th e
p , ,

sou n d O f b attl e on th e Vi rgi n i a sh o re h e h ast e n e d o v e r in a sm all ski ff l e av , ,

in g i n st ru cti o n s to forw ard th e artill e ry as q u ickly as p ossibl e His C ali .

formi a re gi m en t h ad al re ady c ro sse d an d j oin e d D e v e n s an d L ee A rifl e d .

6— p ou n d er of B u n ti n g s Rh od e I sl an d B atte ry u n d e r Li e u t en an t B ram h all ’

, ,

foll o w e d th em T w o h o w itz e rs u n d e r Li e u t e n an t F re n ch w e re al re ady

.

th e re ; an d j u st b e fore B ak e r re ach e d th e Bl uff a d e t ach m e n t o f C o g sw e ll s

, ,
’

T am m an y R e gi m e n t h ad cli m b e d th e w in di n g p ath l e adi n g u p from th e ri v er .

B ak e r n o w t oo k c om m an d of all th e fo rc e s o n th e Bl uff n u m b e ri n g n i n e t een ,

h u n d re d T h ese w e re im m e di at e ly form e d in b at tl e o rd e r an d aw ait e d

.
3
,

att ack .

T h e g rou n d on w hich th e N ati o n al s w e re c om p e ll e d to giv e b attl e w as

u n fav o rabl e fo r th e m It w as an o p en fi e ld su rro u n d e d o n th ree sid e s by a
.
,

den se fore st an d t e rm i n ati n g o n th e fo u rth at th e b ro w o f th e high bl u ff at

,

th e r iv e r With th e i r b ack s to th e st re am th e Un i on fo rc es w e re p re p are d

.
,

fo r th e c on t est w hich w as b eg u n at th re e O cl o ck in th e aft e rn o o n by G e n eral

’
, ,

E v an s w h o h u rl e d th e E ight e en th M issi ssippi u n d e r C ol o n e l B u rt u p on

, , ,

B ak e r s l e ft fl an k an d th e c o m m an d s of J e n if er an d Hu n to n u p on h is fron t
’
, .
‘

T h ese c am e from th e w oo d s th at sw arm e d w i th C on fe d e rate s an d w ere , ,

re c e iv e d w ith th e m o st d e t e rm i n e d spirit Th e b attl e i n st an tly b e c am e .

g e n e ral an d se v e re C ol o n e l F c ath e rst o n w ith th e S e v en t ee n th Mi ssi ssippi

.
, ,

j oi n e d in th e fray B ram h all an d F ren ch soon b ro u ght th e ir h e avy g u n s to

.

b e ar an d w e re d o i n g g oo d e x e c u ti on w h en b oth o flice rs w e re b orn e w ou n d e d

, ,

aw ay an d th e i r pi e c e s w e re h au l e d to th e re ar to p re v e n t th e i r fallin g i n t o
, ,

th e h an d s o f th e i r fo e A g re at e r c al amity sp ee dily foll o w e d T h e g all an t

. .

B ak e r w as see n h e re an d th e re in th e thick e st of th e fight e n c ou ragi n g h is ,

m e n by w ord s an d d e e d s an d w h e n th e b attl e h ad l ast e d n e arly tw o h ou rs ,

h e fe ll d e ad pi e rc e d w ith m an y b u ll e t s
,
5
.

1 pag 1 35
Se e e .

Th c
3 tw t g a d d p th t i t c l d b avigat d by th c w ly by d ggi g th m p th
e urre n as so s ron n ee a ou e n e e s o s on ra n e u e

M yl d h ab v th i l d a d l tti g th m fl at d i ag ally ac
ar an s ore o e th et am til th y t ch d th
s an n e n e o on ro ss e s re un e ou e e

i l a d T h v y ag f m th l tt t th Vi gi i h w a acc m pli h d i th am w y T h p ati

,

s n . e o e ro e a er o e r n a s o re s o s e n e s e a . e o er on

w asv y l w a d th p a ag f th f w t p cc pi d b t th h
er s o ,
n e ss e o e e roo s o u e a ou re e o u rs.

B k
3 ti f c c i t d f th Calif i a R gi m t L i t
a
‘
e r s en re t C l l Wi t 570 ; th N w Y k
or e on s s e o e orn e en , e u e n an -
o on e s ar, e e or

T am m y R gi m t C l l Milt C gsw ll 860 ; a d p ti

an e en f th
,
F ift nth M ach tt C l l
o on e on o e , n or on s o e ee ass u se s, o on e

D v e 653
e ns d f th T w
. ti th C l l L 8 1 8 t tal
an o e en e , o on e e e, -
o ,

Th ttacki g t ps w E v a b igad c m p d f th E ighth Vi gi i a a d T hi t th S v t th

e a n roo e re ne s
’
r e, o ose o e r n ,
n r e en , e en ee n ,

a d E igh t
n th Mi i ippi e en ss ss .

C l l B k w a p bably kill d i ta tly Ey w it

5
o on e a er ay th at a tall
s d hai d m a app a d
ro e ns n . e- n e sse s s , re -
re n e re

em i g f m th
erg n m k d app achi g t Withi
ro fi f t f th c m m d fi d i t h i b d y th
e s o e, an ro n o n ve ee o e o an er, re n o s o e con

t t f a se lf c cki g v lv pi st l At th am m m t a b ull t t d h is sk ul l b hi d h i a a d a
en s o -
o n re o er o . e s e o en e e n e re e n s e r, n
 A TERRI BLE S CEN E .
‘

1 43

i mm e di at e c om m an d n ow d e v o lv e d u p on C ol on e l Lee b u t C og s
Th e ,

w e ll h is su p e ri or soon t o o k th e c o n t ro l of aff ai rs
,
S ee i n g th e d e sp e rat e
,
.

s it u ati o n of th e t roo p s w i th an o v e rw h e l m i n g forc e on th e i r fron t an d fl an k s

, ,

an d a d e e p an d t u rb u l e n t riv e r in th e ir re ar C o g sw e ll o rd ere d th e m to ,

m o v e to th e l e ft an d att e m pt to c u t th e ir w ay th ro u gh to Edw ards s F erry

’
, ,

ab o u t th ree m il es di st an t w h e re th e y m ight re c e iv e th e aid o f th e forc e ,

th e re u n d e r G e n e ral St on e T hi s m o v em en t w as ab ou t to t ak e pl ac e w h en .
,

th e T am m an y R e gi m e n t d e c e iv e d by th e b e ck on i n g o f a C o n fe d e rat e offic e r , ,

w h om th e y m i st oo k fo r a N ati o n al on e d ash e d off o n a ch arg e in th e dire c ,

ti on i n dic at e d by th e d e c e iv e r c arryi n g w ith th em th e rest of th e li n e ,

.

T h en a d e st ru ctiv e fi re at cl ose di st an c e w as p ou re d u p on th e w h o l e c ol u m n
by th e T hi rt ee n th Mi ssi ssippi R e gi m e n t C ol on e l Willi am B ark sd al e w hich , ,

adv an c e d from th e di re cti on o f th e fe rry C og sw ell s pl an w as fru st rat e d ’

.
,

an d h e g av e o rd e rs fo r h is w h o l e fo rc e to reti re i m m e di at e ly to Harri son s

’

I sl an d an d th e n c e to th e M aryl an d sh ore
,
.

T h at re t re at al m o st i n st an tly b e c am e a rou t D ow n th e st e ep d e clivity .

th e N ati o n al s h u rri e d in w ild di sord e r to re ach th e b o at s w hil e th e C o n , , ,

fe d e rat e s w h o h ad foll o w e d th e m u p to th e b row of th e bl u ff w ith b all an d

,

b ay o n e t fi re d i n t o th e st raggli n g m ass b e l ow w ith m u rd erou s eff e ct T h e

,
.

fu gitiv e s h u ddl e d o n th e sh o re ,

fo rm e d in som e ord e r at fi rst ,

an d k e pt u p th e h o p e l e ss fight

f o r a ti m e w hil e e n d e av o ri n g ,

to c ross th e fl oo d to Harri so n s
’

I sl an d O n ly on e l arg e fl at
.

b o at w as th e re an d th at w ith , ,

an o v e r l o ad o f w o u n d e d an d
-

o th e rs at th e b e gi n n i n g o f its
,

fi rst v o y ag e w as riddl e d w ith ,

b u ll e t s an d su n k T h e sm all
,
.

e r v esse l s h ad di sapp e are d in

th e gl o om an d th e re w as n o ,

m e an s o f esc ap e fo r th e U n i o n
ists b u t by sw i m m i n g T hi s .

w as att e m pt e d by so m e Sev e .

ral of th e m w e re sh o t in th e

w at e r:an d Oth ers sw ept aw ay M H B E ? B U FF A P or T E AT T L or B A L L s

’
L .

by th e c u rre n t in th e d ark n e ss ,
2 ’
w e re d ro w n e d A l ittl e m ore th an on e fou rth of th e w h ol e of C og sw e ll s
.
-

l g f m a Mi i ippi Y ag w d d h i a m a d m ad a t ibl p i g i h is i d C aptai B i l f th

s u ro ss ss er ou n e s r n e e rr e o en n n s e. n e re , o e

C li f i gi m t w h w cl by B k ca ght th l y f h i f i d by th th at j t a h w a
a orn a re en . o as ose a e r, u e s a er o s r en e ro ,
us s e s

t pi g t iz th c l l w d d wi th h i pi t l bl w t h i b ai
s oo n o se e e o on e B ak h a d j i d m y f h i
‘
s s or ,
an s s o e ou s r ns . er en o ne an o s

Calif i gi m t that if h h l d f ll i b ttl

o rn a re en t t l t th C f d at g tp e s i f h i b dy B i i
ou a n a e, n o o e e on e er es e osse ss on o s o . e re ,

th ave g a d th b v l ad f c m p y G f th t gi m t acti g p th i t cti

en e r, n e ra e e er o ai d th o an o a re en , n u on e se n s ru on s, r se e

p ci b d i h i a m a d h it away am i d a h w f b ll t a d d liv d it t Maj Y g wh

re ou s u r en n s r s n e re s o er o u e s, n e ere o or ou n , o

c v y d it af ly t th i v a d t k it ac
on e e s e o e r er n oo ross .

P ll a d y ( i 1 81 ) th at aft th N ati al h ad
3 o r sa s . d d th C f d at s k pt p th i fi per e on s surren ere ,
e on e er e e u e r re u on

th w h t i d t c
ose o a d ma y
r e td wo d i th iv w h t i th a t f wi m mi g
ross, n n no ro ne n e r er ere s o n e c o s n .
”

T h gall a t C aptai B i l w a am
e n g th l a t wh l ft th h a d wam ac
n e re th iv H w as s on e s o e e s ore n s ross e r er. e

c m p ll d t d p h i w d m i d way i d t av h i lif Ma y f th m b f th y
o e e o ro s s or d d th w , n or er o s e s e . n o e en, e ore e su rre n ere ,
re

th i m i t th i v B am h l l g h d b
e r ar s n o e r pik d a d c m pl t ly d i sabl d It was b ght t th
er
. r a
‘
s un a een s e n o e e e . rou o e

b l uff an d t m bl d v wi th th e i t ti
u e f h avi g it g i to th
o er, iv n en on o n o n e r er.
 DI SAS T ER AT BALL S BLUFF
’
.

c om m an d i n cl u di n g hi m sel f an d C ol on e l L ee w e re m ad e p ri son e rs an d
, , ,

m arch e d off to L e esb u rg w hil st C o l o n e l D e v e n s e sc ap e d o n h is h o rse th at , ,

sw am ac ro ss th e t u rb u l e n t P o t om ac A fe ww e re sav e d from c aptivity by .

st e al in g al on g u n der th e b an k s an d m aki n g th e i r w ay to G orm an s c am p

'
’
,

b e l ow .

Whil e th e c on t est w as ragi n g at B all s Bl uff G en eral St on e w h o w as at ’

, ,

Edw ards s F e rry w ith ab ou t se v en th o u san d t roop s h ad b ee n sen di n g o v e r

’
,

th e re m ai n d e r o f G orm an s b rig ad e to co— o p e rat e w ith B ak e r al l th e w hil e

’
,

u n su spici o u s o f th e p e ril ou s c o n diti on of th e t roo p s of th at c o m m an d er He .

h ad re c e iv e d i n form ati o n from

ti m e to ti m e th at B ak e r w as
p e rfe ctly abl e to h old h is p o
sition if n o t to adv an c e ; an d , ,

b e li e vi n g th at h e w ou ld re
p u l se an d d riv e h is assail an ts ,

h e w as p re p are d to p u sh
C o l on e l G orm an forw ard to
st rik e th e re t re ati n g fo rc e s o n

th e i r fl an k He fe lt an xi ou s .
,

h ow e v er n d at fou r o cl o ck
’
a mw ’ a ‘
K a B AN
o S S n sn - u aar n s A T n aan s s n e ar . ,

t e l e g raph e d to G en e ral B an k s
for a b rig ad e of h is divi si o n to pl ac e on th e M aryl an d sh ore in su pp o rt o f , ,

th e t roop s o n Harri so n s I sl an d an d th e se v e re ly p re sse d c o m b at an t s o n B all s

’ ’

Bl u ff l .

A littl e w hil e aft er w ard th e sad n e w s of B ak er s d eath w as re c e iv e d an d ,

’
,

St on e h ast en e d forw ard to t ak e c om m an d in p e rson O n h is w ay h e w as .

m et by so m e o f th e fu gitiv es w ith th e t al e th at th e C o n fe d e rat e s w e re te n ,

th ou san d st ron g an d th at al l w as l ost Still ig n o ran t of th e p ositi on of

, .

Mc C all h e l eft o rd ers to h o ld Harri son s I sl an d an d th e n h ast e n e d b ack to

,
’
,

Edw ards s F e rry to se c u re th e safety o f th e t w en ty fiv e h un d re d t ro o p s th at h e

’
,
-

h ad se n t ac ro ss th e riv e r T h ere h e w as j o i n e d by G en eral B an k s .

,

at th re e o cl o ck in th e m orn i n g
“
w h o t o o k th e chi e f c om m an d
’
.
,

O rd e rs arriv e d at ab o u t th e sam e ti m e fro m G e n eral Mc C l ell an , ,

to h old th e I sl an d an d th e Vi rgi n i a sh o re at al l h az ard s an d i n ti m ati n g th at ,

re e n fo rc em e n t s w ou ld b e se n t
-
“ .

S o en d e d th e B A T a O F B A L L s B L U F F in di sast e r to th e N ati on al arm s ’

,
3
.

I n th e c am p s of th e U n i on i st s in th e v ici n ity o f th e b attl e o n th at gl oo m y , ,

n ight of th e 21 st o f O ct ob e r th e re w as d ark n e ss an d w o e w hil e th e littl e , ,

St h ad k pt M
1 on e d vi d f th p g e f afi ai at B ll B l ff d i g th aft
cCl ell an a d th
se o e ro re ss o
’
rs a
’
s u ur n e e rn oon , an e

l tt c m m a d t w a d v i g d d G
a er o n er, lB k t o d b ig d t th pp t f th t p
r e en n ,
or e re e n e ra an s o se n on e r a e o e su or o e roo s on

H i I l a d a d t m ov w ith th th tw t S ca Mill ad y t pp t G l St at Edwa d

‘ ‘

arr so n s s n , n o e e o er o o en e s, re o su or e n era o ne, r ss

F y —S M C l lla R p t p ag 34
e rr . ee c e
‘
n s e or ,
e .

R p t of G al Ch a l P St a d h i b d i at O ct b 28th 1 861 a d f G al N G E va
e or s en e r r es . on e n s su or n e s, o er , ,
n o en er . . n s,

th C f d at c mm a d O ct b 2otb 1 861 T h l tt
e on e er e o p t wa i v al p ct m a d by m i
n er, o er , . e a e r re or s, n se er re s e s, rre s

re p tati
re se n It p t d th C f d at f c ato ly
on s. re m itti g t tat th fact th at th
re se n e w e a on e er e or e n o n o s e e ere as

t g
s ro n v f Mi i ippi t o p with i g
re se r e o p t d a t p l a y t p that m ight app ch f m
ss ss r o s, s x un s, os e so s o re e n roo s ro a ro

Ed wa d F y F m th b t i f m ti i c bt i d it i ag d th at E
r es
‘
err . ro e f
es mb d n or Il l a on s n e o a ne , s re e v an s s
’
orce n u e re s

re p t al cl ai m d th at with h i m all f c f
or so e ight th sa d N ati l w f ht d b at a d th at
, s s or e o e ou n on a s ere oug an e e n, n

th C f d t kill d a d capt d a g at
e on e e ra e s mb th a th i w h l f c
e n ag d It l d cl d th t
u re re er n u er n e r o e o r e en g e . a so e are a

l g a g ca
on -
r n w fi d p th C f d at f m th M yl a d i d f th iv w h th w
e nnon e re re u on e on e er es ro e ar n s e o e r er, en e re ere n o

h avy g th atth ti m f th battl

e un s ere e e o e e.

T hi is cal l d th Battl
s f L b g by C f d at w i t s
e e e o e e s ur on e er e r e
r .
 T HE Hon onnn DEAD .

vil l ag e of Lee sb u rg n e ar by w hith e r th e c aptiv e s w ere t ak e n w as b rilli an tl y , , ,

ill u m i n at ed an d th e C o n fe d e rat e s th ere w e re w ild w ith joy

,
T h e U n i on l oss .

w as ab ou t on e th ou san d m e n an d th ree c an n on N early th ree h u n d re d m en

‘

w e re kill e d an d o v e r fi v e h u n d re d w e re m ad e p ri son ers an d t ak e n to Rich ;

,

m on d T h e C o n fe d e rate l oss w as ab ou t th re e h u n d re d
.
‘
Acc ordi n g to G en eral .

Ev an s s re p o rt h e h ad on e h un d re d an d fi fty th ree kill e d i n cl udi n g C o l o

’
,
-

n el E R B u rt of th e E ight een th Mi ssi ssippi an d tw o t ak en p ri son e rs

. .
, ,
.

He did n ot m en ti o n th e n u m b er of h is w ou n d e d w h ich w as rep orte d to b e ,

l arg e .

T h e d e ath o f Se n at or B ak e r w as fe lt as a n ati on al c al am i ty He w as .
2

on e o f th e abl est m en o f h is t i m e as a st at e sm an an d o rat o r T h orou ghly .

c om p re h en di n g th e g re at issu e an d th e h orribl e c rim e of th e c on spi rat ors h e , ,

h ad e ag e rly l e ft th e h all s of l e gi sl ati on (w h ere h e h ad c om b at e d th e fri en d s

o f th e c ri m i n al s w i th e l o q u e n t w o rd s an d v o t e d f or ab u n d an t m e an s to c ru sh

th e re be lli o n ) to l e ad h is c ou n t ry m
,

e n i n t o b attl e for th e right T h e achi e v e .

m e n t s o f h is lit tl e b an d at B all s Bl u ff w h o c om p ose d a p art o f th e A rm y of

’
,

th e Po t o m ac assi st e d g re atly in e ff aci n g fro m th e e sc u tch eo n o f th at arm y

,

th e st ai n it re c e iv e d at th e b attl e o f B u l l s R u n
’
.

Ag ai n as in th e c ase o f th e b attl e o f B u ll s R u n th e g ri ev ed arid disap

,
’
, ,

p oin t e d an d m o rtifi e d l o y al p eo pl e d em an d e d an e xpl an ati on o f th e c at as

,

tre p h e T o th e m o st i n e xp e rt th e re app e are d e v id e n c e of fat al m i sm an ag e m e n t

. .

G e n e ral Mc C l ell an G en e ral S ton e an d C o l on e l B ak er all re c e iv e d c en su re at , ,

difl e re n t ti m e s an d by di ffe re n t p e rson s ; th e fi rst for re m i ssn ess in d u ty in

'

, ,

n o t i n fo rm i n g St on e of th e re t ro g rad e m o v e m e n t of Mc C all an d se n di n g ,

re e n fo rc e m e n t s ; th e se c on d fo r se n din g t roo p s ac ross th e riv e r w ith o u t ade

-
,

q uat e t ran spo rt atio n fo r a l arg er b o dy at a ti m e an d th e thi rd fo r rash n ess ,

in c ro ssi n g at al l an d e n g agi n g th e C on f ede rat e s d ou bl e h is o w n in n u m b e rs ,

.

T h ere w as a n at u ral cl am or f or i n v estig ati on an d on th e assem bli n g of , ,

C on g re ss th e Ho u se o f R e p rese n t ativ e s p asse d a resol u ti o n aski n g th e

,

ty f pi ffic am ly tw cl l m aj adj ta t a i t a t
‘

T w en i th w -
o ur o e r son ers e re o e rs, n e ,
o o on e s, o n e or, o n e u n , on e ss s n

g
su r e on , sev captai d t w lv li
en t t T h c l l w M C g w ll (Captai f th E ighth U S
n s, an e e e u e n an s . e o one s ere . o s e n o e . .

i fa t y ) f th F ty c d N w Y k V l t
n n r , o e a d W Ray m
or d L f th T w ti th M a ach tt
-
se o n e or o u n ee rs, n . on e e, o e en e ss u se s

Vl t o u n ee rs. Th m j w P J R iv f th latt
e gi m t A t L b g G
a or as l E v ( wh w a p
. . e rs, o e er re en . ee s ur , e n era an s o s re ro

t d a a t ll t g m
se n e s f a al l gth f li m b a d i m a
, s ron c t an , oa d d ig ifi d ) ff
u n usud th ap en o , n n n n er s o u r e ous n n e o ere e c

tai a pa l
ns th c d iti th at th y h l d t l xch g d agai b a m g i t th S th
ro e on e on on e s ou no , u n e ss e an e , n e r ar s a a ns e ou e rn

C f d cy T h y f d t acc pt it a d w
on e era .
”
t t R ich m d by w ay f Ma a
e re u se o ivi g th at i e ,
n e re se n o on o n ass s, arr n e re n ne

o
‘
cl ck i th m i g f th 24th f Oct b w h th y w g t d w ith m a y j
o n e orn n o e f m a i mm c wd
o o e r, e re e ere ree e n ee rs ro n en se ro ,

su ch a I y Y a k h w d y f l i T h capt i w c fi d i th t b cc w h
s sa , n s, o o l dy m
ou ee ?" e a ns e re on ne n e o a o are ou se , a rea en

ti d
on e p g 26 w h th y w
on a e b ght d th p tty ty a y f th
,
e re et i G l Wi d
e re soon rou un er e e r nn o e n o or ou s e n era n er .

A f ll acc
u t f th xp i c f th captai may b f d i a littl v l m titl d P i I f o i th
o un o e e e r en e o e ns e ou n n e o u e en e r so n n n e

T ba cc Wa h at R i ch m by L i t a t Will iam C H i f Bak C lif i a gi m t "

d
‘
o o r e o us e on , e u en n . arr s o . er s a orn re en .

I ag aln d i d by Mc c l ll en e r th d y aft
or th erb ttl h a ssu e c d th d ath f B k a d e an , on e a er e a e, e n nou n e e e o a er, n

p k f him a h vi g m a y titl t h a a p t i t z l f th h f h i ad pt d c ty ”
s o e o s on e a n n es o on or, s a r o ea o u s or e on or o s o e ou n r

b E gl d ff “i th f ll f hi p w t t m a d i th c f b i lli a t
( h ew i as ) orn t n n an a ,
cu o n e u n es s o s o er s a s a es an , n n e o u rse o a r n

a
c ree r a a l d i d i ti g i h d i tw w a
s so er Wh C g s m t i D c mb
n th
u s e S t pp i t d a day n o rs .
"
en on re ss e , n e e e r, e en a e a o n e

( th 1 1 th f th t m th ) f
e o th c i d ati f th d ath f thi d i ti g i h d m m b T h P i d t w a
a on or e on s er on o e e o s s n u s e e er . e re s en s

th t p t cip t i th m i l p c d i g M t t chi g l gi w p
ere o ar i a e n e c d by th d ad h
ourn u
‘

ro e e n s os ou n eu o es ere ron o u n e e e ero s

’

c m p t i t f th S at F m th t b d y w t l ti t th H
o a r o s o e en f R p
e. t tiv w h lik p
ro a o en re so u on s o e ou se o e re sen a e s, ere e ro

cee di g w h l d ; a d al l v th c t y th w a g
n s ere e lgi fb a
n f th f ll f th at
o er bl m a I e oun r ere s en e ra r e ec u se o e a o no e n . n

Calif i a which h a d b h i ch
o rn ,
i d c f l g ti m th w f h i d ath c t d a p f d a
ee n s ose n re s en e or a on e, e ne so s e rea e ro ou n se

ti on It . ch d S a F ci c a f w day aft r th b attl th li

rea e n f t l g ph b t w
ran s o th A tl tic a d e s e e e, e ne o e e ra e een e an n

Pacific c a h vi g b j t c m pl t d T h t li w
o e ns a n p d f m ag e en th 25th f O ct b
us o wh e e . a ne as o e n e or e ss es or. e o o e r, en a

c m m icati ( th fi t ) wa
o un t by J dg Fi l d t P i d t L i c l Whil th y w p p a i g i S
on e rs s se n
. u e e o re s en n o n . e e e re re r n n an

F a ci c
r n th f ll wi g day t fi
s o, on a l t i h
e o f thi i m p ta t v t a di p atch f m th
o n ,
o Ea t re sa u e n on or o s or n e en ,
s ro e s

an nou n ec d th d ath rB k R j ici g w a ch a g d i t m

e e o i g a dfth
‘

l b ati was d f d
a e r. e o n s n e n o ourn n , n e ce e r on e erre .

VO L . lI .
—
l0
 THE CAS E O F GENERAL ST O N E .

Se c ret ary of Wa r
“w h e th er
y, w h at m e asures h ad be e n t ak e n
an y , an d, if an

to asc ert ain w h o w as re sp on sibl e fo r th e di sast rous m o v e m en t o f

“
th e N ati on al t roo p s at B all s Bl u It w as an sw ere d th at
’

G en eral Mc C le l l an w as Of th e Opi n i on o n th e
“
th at an i n q u ir y
su bj e ct of th e re so l u ti on w o u ld at th at ti m e b e i nj u ri ou s to th e p u blic se r
, ,

Bu t G en e ral Mc C l ell an h ad al re ady an sw ere d th at i n q u i ry so far as

”
vic e .
,

on e Of th e c om m an d e rs w as c o n c e rn e d He w as at St on e s h e ad q u art e rs at .
’
-

Poo l e svill e t w e n ty fou r h ou rs afte r th e di sast e r an d from th ere h ad t e l egraph ed

,
-

to th e Presid e n t sayi n g I h av e in v e stig at e d thi s m att e r an d G en e ral St on e

, , ,

is w ith ou t bl am e Had his ord ers be en foll o w e d th ere c ou ld (or w ou l d) h av e

.
,
,

”
be en n o di sast er T hi s w aS un kn o w n to th e p u blic
.
1
T h e y w e re dissatis '

fi e d with th e app aren t d esire on th e p art of th e G en eral in chi e f to stifl e - - .

i n v estig ati on an d m ore th an e v e r h e w as h e ld to b e p erso n ally re spo n sibl e

,

for th e di sast er .

F or a t im e th ere w e re w arm disc u ssi o n s in C o n gre ss on th e su bj e ct .

F in ally a victim appe are d to p ro piti at e th e p u blic fee l in g in th e

“
,
8
p of G e n eral St o n e w h o w as arre st e d by o rd e r of th e
’
e rson
1m ,

War D e p art m en t an d se n t to F o rt L afay e tt e at th e en t ran c e ,

to N e w York B ay an d th e n u se d for th e c o n fi n em e n t o f po l itic al p riso

,

n ers T h e re h e w as d e t ai n e d u n til th e fo l l o w in g Au g u st w h e n w ith ou t

.
, ,

t ri al or an y p ublic p ro c ee di n g s Whate v er, h e w as re l e ase d T h at fort

, .

re ss b e i n g a pl ac e o f

d uran c e fo r m e n ch arg e d
w ith t re aso n abl e ac ts ,

thi s g all an t an d t ru ly p a
triotic O fiicer su ff e re d pa
tie n tl y an d sil en tly for ,

a gre at er p o rti on o f th e

w ar un d er th e i m p u t a ,

ti on s Of di sl o y alty He .

w as im p ri son e d w ith ou t
p u blic acc u sati on w as ,

h eld a p ri son er abo u t

FO YE E RT L AF A
six m o n th s in p ro fou n d
TT .

ign oran c e of an y ch arg es ag ai n st h im an d w as re l e ase d w ith ou t c o m m en t by ,

th e p o w er th at cl o se d th e p ri son d oors u p o n h im
9
.

B u t littl e m ore re m ai n s to b e said c on c e rn i n g affairs at B all s Bl u ff ’

.

i p tch t P i d t L i c l T d y v i g Oct b 22d 1 861 G al St w ll k w th at th

1 D s a o res en n o n, ue s a e en n ,
o er , . en er on e e ne e

p blic
u l d t ally bl m h im f th d i a t h b i g i chi f c m m d th a d h h d ugg t d t
w ou n a ur a e or e s s e r, e e n n e o an ere , n e a s es e o

G al M C l l la th t h h l d d i a c t f i q i y w h that ffic h w d h im th ab v ati fact y

e n er c e n a e s ou es re our o n u r , en o er s o e e o e s s or

vi dicati by th high t a th ity

n on e es u or .

T h p c d i g i this a w
e ro e e xt d i y 8 f l l wa th acq ittal f al l bl am cc d d by G
n s n c se ere e rao r n ar . 0 u s e u o e a or e en e

ral M Cl l l a t G
c eal St n i h i d i p tch t th
o P i d t th t S t w a t ly t i d i c m m d
en er o n e, n s s a o e re s en a on e s no on re a n e n o an ,

t a h d d day St w a b ily g g d i i
,

b th i f c w a i c ease d t th
u s or e mb s f m
n r F ab o e nu er o en. or ou un re s on e s us en a e r

h i d ti
s a d h ad j
u t s bm itt d t M C l l l a pl a f th capt
es, n us u fG l D II Hill a d h i f c f
e o c e an n or e u re o ene ra . . n s or e o

m lyi g Opp it h i cam p w h h w a O d d t Wa hi gto a d pl ac d b f th C m m itt

en, n os e s , en th C
e d ct s r ere o s n n, n e e ore e o e e on e on u

of th Wa t a we ch a g gai t h i l y lty Hi xpl a ati w

r, o ns er r es a ch th at th C m m itt i m ply
ns s o a . s e n on s e re su e o ee s

re p t d t th S c ta y f Wa that th p i t t w hich h i tt ti h d b call d “th t ti m y

or e o e e re r o r , on e o n s o s a en on a e en e ,
e es on

wa flicti g
s con n .
”

G al S t h a d thi g m f th m att
en er on e til th ight f th 8 th f F b a y w h aft b i ng
e r no n ore o e er u n e n o e o e ru r , en , er e

gag d t Will a d s h t l i W hi gt x m i ati f m ap til al m t m i d ight h w ti i g t

’
en e a i th
r o e , n as n on, n e e a n on o s un os n ,
e as re r n o
hi i d c h f d G al Syk a ld f i d a d th c m ma d f th city g d w iti g f h im
s res en e, e ou n e n er e s, n o r en , n en o n er o e uar , a n or ,
 A PRI S O NER O F S T ATE .

S u pposin g all th e t roop s to b e on th e Virgin i a sid e of th e Pot om ac Mc Cl ell an ,

t e l e g raph e d to S ton e to i n t ren ch h im se lf th ere an d to h old his p ositi on at , ,

all h az ard s u n til re e n forc e m e n t s sh ou ld arriv e

,
At th e sam e ti m e h e ordere d -
.

B an k s to re m o v e th e rem ain d e r O f h is divi si on to Edwards s F erry an d sen d ’

,

o v er as m an y m en as p ossibl e to re e nf orc e St on e T h ese o rd ers w e re -

.

p ro m ptly o be y e d I n t re n ch m en t s w ere th rown u p l arg e n u m b ers of .

wi th d f m Gor ers al M C l l l f
ro hi a t d i mm d i t d pa t f F t Lafay tt ! H xch a g d
e n er c e an or s rre s , an e a e e r u re or or e e
t
e e n e

h i m ilita y f
s citi dr ai d a f w c
or li g w d t h i w if a d d pa t d f Syk q t w h e
z en s
’
re ss, s e on so n or s o s e, n e r e or es s
’
u ar e rs. er

h wa k pt
e s til m i g a d th
e un t d a g a d t F t Ham ilt
orn n F t Laf y tt B f l avi g
. n e n se n un er u r o or on, n e ar or a e e. e ore e n

h had w itt t th Adj ta t G al a ki g f i f m t t t d bli g that th '

e r en o e i g hi a u n -
e n er , s n or n or a ion con c ern n s rre s ,
no ou n ere

wa m
s so t a g m i d t d i g i th m att O th l oth h wa i th c t d y f C l l B k at
e s r n e sun e rs an n n e er . n e e s n e us o o o one ur e ,

F t Ham ilt a d w a th t k v t F t L fay tt i a b t T h h wa c fi d i a ca m at fi fty

or o n, n s en a en o er o or a e e n oa . ere e s on ne n se e

f day c iv i g th m t ki d t at m t T h h agai w t t th Adj ta t G al q ti g a c py

ou r s, re e n e os n re en . ere e n ro e o e u n -
e n er , re ue s n o

o f cha g d a t ial b t a b f
r e s, an wa d i da y p r ,
u ,
s e ore, s en e n res on se .

I th m a ti m G
n e al St fi d h d
e n cc f lly d v d t Obtai j tic f h im atWa hi g
e, en er on e s
’
r en s a u n su e ss u en ea ore o n us e or s n

t
on. Wh h i b th i law h i w y thith
en s rot pp d i N w Y k t c lt w ith Li t a t G al Sc tt
e r- a - ,
on s a e r, s o e n e or o on su e u en n -
en e r o ,

th a t
e i h dv t
s on s e w h h ad ttill th h a d f h i a t i d ig tly xcl i m d C l l St
e e ran , o t it l no en e r O s rre s , n n an e a e , o one on e 3 ra or

Wh y if h i ,
t it I am a t it a d w a all t it
e s a ra Whil h l d i g W hi gt la t y
or, h wa ra or, n e re ra ors. e o n as n on s e ar, e s

m y ight h d a d I d
r t h i tat t ay th at I c
an ,
n l d th v h l d th pl c with t
o no es e o s ou no a e e e a e ou

A ft th l p f fi fty f day G al St wa t a f d t F t Ham ilt w h h h ad l a g

er e a se o -
o ur s, e n er one s r n s erre o or o n, e re e r er

lib ty H w
er . l a d th l 6th f A g t by a d f m th Wa D p a tm t t by t l g aph He
e as re e se on e o u us , n or e r ro e r e r en , sen e e r .

i m m di t ly ppli d f d t a ti d ty ; d
e a e a e t i g t W hi gt h or o r ers ch d i v ai i th ffice o c ve u an on re u rn n o as n on e se ar e n n n e o

o f th A dj t e tG l a d f th Wa D pa t m t f th d f h i
u an -
en e ra t ; th law q i i g th ffic
n o e r e r en or e or er or s arre s e re u r n e o er

i i g ch d t giv a tat m t i w iti g ig d w ith h i w am a d ti g th Off

ssu n su or er o e w ithi
s e en n r n , s ne s o n n e, n no n e en se, n

t w ty f h
en -
H ll ck th
our G al l Chi f k w thi g ab t it St th w t t th P i d t
o u rs . a e ,
en e ner -
u- e , ne no n ou . one en en o e re s en ,

wh ai d h
o s k w thi g ab t th m att b t ki d ly m a k d “I c l d v b mad t b li v
e ne no n ou e e r, u n re r e , ou ne er e e o e e e

G al S t wa a t ait “ I d av t giv t h i c t y h i activ vic i th w h w th w a t d ar as r e

en er on e s r or . n en e ors o e o s oun r s e ser es n e e ,

a d it wa
n t til May 1 868 that h w a all w d t t agai p d ty i th fi l d wh h was
s no un , , e s o e o e n er n u on u n e e ,
en e

d d t p t t G al B k th th c m ma d f th D pa tm t f th G l f H v d faithfully
or e re o re or o e n er an s, en e o n er o e e r en o e u . e ser e

d i g th mai d f th w a til p t at d by mala i f v b f P t b g w h th vic l t a

ur n e re n er o e r, un ro s r e r ou s e er e ore e e rs ur , en e se r e os

m it i
er a d p t i tic O ffic
or o us n a r o er.

I thi c n cti th f ll w i g l tt w itt t th a th by th S p i t d t f th M t p lita

s on n e on , e o o n e e r, r en o e u or e u e r n en en o e e ro o n

P li c f th City f N w Y k m ay b app p iat ly giv

o e o e Itf
o i h i t ti g dd iti t th hi t y
e or , e ro r e en . urn s es n e re s n a on s o e s or

o f M Li c l r . j y f m P hilad lph ia t Wa hi gt i F b a y 1 861 giv i th fi t v l m f thi

n o n s
’
o urn e ro e o s n on , n e ru r , ,
en n e rs o u e o s

w k or .

Offic f th S p i t d t f M t p lita P lic e o e u er n e n en o e ro o n o e,

“800 M lb y St t u err ree .

q
N e w York , A u gu st1 8 th, 1 866 .

B en so n J Losew o Es .
, .
,

P o ghk e p si N e w Y ku e e, or .

Du n d c ip ti f th m
S i a z— O u i w hich th l t P rea di g y
i d t Li c l w i d c d n ou r es r on o e an n er n e ae res en n o n as n u e

t h g h i t i g i g t th City f W hi gt i F b y 1 861 I w i m p
o c an e s ro u e n d w ith th f ithf l
o n o e o as n on , n e ru ar , , as re sse e a u n e ss,

so f th
ar as tiv g b t g tt d th t it w
e n arra tm f ll i h w i g h w d t w h m th c t y i
e o e s. u re re e a as n o ore u n s o n o an o o e o un r s

i d bt d f th f ty f hi v l bl lif t th t i m p t t p i d
n e e or e sa e o s a ua e e a a or an er o .

I tw ill b m mb d th t th w m ch c t i ty t th b gi i g f th l t b lli
e re e ere t wh t a e re as u un er a n a e e nn n o e a e re e on as o a

c ourse th c pi t d ig d t ki g t c y t th i pl ; d with th vi w f c t i i g th i p
e o ns ra ors es ne a n o arr ou e r an s an ,
e e o as er a n n e r ur

p i th l tt p t f D c m b 1 860 I d t il d tw f m y m t i t llig t d t ctiv t p c d t W h

ose, n e a er ar o e e e r, , e a e o o os n e en e e es o ro e e o as

l gt
u w ith i t cti
on , t d v t d i c v th ns r u t pl f th c pi t if th y h d y f taki g
on s o en ea or o s o er e sec re an s o e on s ra ors, e a an ,
or n

p i f th
o sse ss on o t f G v m t d t c m m ic t with S t G i m f I w
e se a o th bj ct I
o ern en , an o o un a e e n a or r e s, o o a, on e su e .

d i d t k w th S t p
no no lly t th t ti m b t I h d
e p t ti f h im th t j tifi d m i
en a or fi di g
erson a a a e, u
'

a a re u a on o a us e e n con n

i h im
n .

O F id y J y 4th 1 861 I iv d
n r a t f m H Sch yl C lf x q ti g m t d
,
an uar m , , rec e e a no e ro on . u er o a ,
re u es n e o se n a nu
b er of d t ctiv t W hi gt
e e f th m p p th t I h d l d y d i p tch d th tw ll d d t I th
es o as n on, or e sa e ur ose a a a rea s a e e oa u e o. en

In th e re port of th e C m tt mi
p age 18) is a s ae m en of
o ee on th e C
en e ral M cCl e l l an , th at o n th e day
on duct of the War (P art IL ,
tt t G
o f the arres t t
h e rece l v ed in form a ion from a re fu gee from Lee sb urg, w h ld) , in h is m in d, “t
e n ded to co rrobo ra e so m e of th e c h arges m s d‘ t
again s tG
en era lS
ton e, ” w h ic h h e reporwd to th e ec re ary o f War, an d rece ed orders to arres th e e n e ral an d se n d h im mme S t iv t G i
diat e l y to o rt Lafa e t
y F e t . W tt
h a hose charges w e re, ne i h er th e om m tee o n th e on duc of th e War n or e n eral McC lel lan ev er made t C it C t G
pub lic.

f Wh en it n o in 1 860, G
y (i w h i h h h ld h mmi i f pt i b y b v t
e n era l St
d d f m i on e, w h o h ad l ft th e arm n e e t e co ss on o ca a n re e , aw ar e or er

City G
e c

l S tt d i d h im
,

t l i M i )
ef ons se rv ices i W hi g n ex co ; ll y d h im h l y l m
w as f h Di i t f
n as n to n en era co es re to ra arou n t e o a en o t e strc o

C l m b i H mp l i d d h l f J y 1 b m d I p t g l f h D i t i H
o u a. o co e an on mm t d g i i g
e st o an u ar 1 86
,

e w as a e n s ec or- e n era o t e s r ct. e at on ce co enc e or an z n

and i t i gv l
n s ruct n wh F t S m w tt k d h h d d h im l th
o un t
ee rs
,

ll g i d p fi f vi
an d en or u t
er
,

as a
,

ac e a un er no ess an we -
or an z e troo s t or ser c e.

f h C pit l
e

H w th fi t m m t d i t h i f h d f Th w d h d d y f J y 86 1 H w i 9 1 e as n

th t ity w g f f m th l y l p p “ M 8
e as e rs an us ere n o t e serv ce or t e e en se o t e a a . at as on e on t e a o an uar ,
.

comm d f h t p i W h i gt
an o i g h d kd y
t e h l
roo s f Ap il wh n as n on d u r n t e ar a s at t e c ose o r en a c as ut o ro e o s ee .

d W h i gt
,

th v d y h l pt b h h i h i b d l l th
ese se en a s, b i g t k
e s e i h i m ilit y l k Al l th
ut t ree tp ours n s e a o e r rest e n a en n s ar c oa . e ou os ts aro u n as n on

til th p g f p ti f th my i t Vi gi i i M y ( p g 480 48 1 d v l m L) “d m
,

w d hi
ere u n mm d er s co an un e assa e o a or on o e ar n o r n a, n a u s a e! , . an o u e : so e

of hi p ws th fi t
troo s t th pi k t f th
ere g e rs t
o en co un er e c e s o e Insu r en t
t s.
 THE BALT IM ORE PLOT .

t roop s w ere c rossed an d ctiv e p rep arations w ere in p rogress for m ovi n g ,
a

th e C on fe d erat e s w h en o n T u esd ay n ight

“
st ron gly u p on G en e , , ,
O t ; 28
M
0 c
ral c C l e l l an arriv e d at P oo l esvill e T h as h e say s h
,
en e ,
,
1 861 ,
“l earn e d for th e fi rst tim e th e fu ll d e t ail s of th e affai r ” T h e
.

, , .

p re p arati on s for a forw ar d m o v em en t w hich p rom i se d th e m ost i m p ort an t ,

resu lt s for th e N ati on al c au se w ere i m m e di at e ly su sp e n d ed an d orders w e re , ,

dt i d t g th at ight m y l f a d tak with m a th f m y m

e e rm n e o o n I p p d l ki g th fi l d v
se , n e e no er o en . u r ose oo n e e o er,

w ith th vi w f a c tai i g th p bability f

e e o ch a tt m pt b i g m ad I th m i g f S t d y I
s er n n e ro o su n a e e n e . n e orn n o a ur a

f d a wa t f h a m y m g th f i d f th U i — ca c ly y tw l k d atth c i i th gh th am
ou n n o r on a on e r en so e n on s r e an o oo e e r s s ro u e s e

m di m
e M C lfax i vi t d m t att d a m ti g f a
u . r
. o t f c m m itt f m m b
n e f b th h
e o f C en ee n o sor o o ee o e e rs o o ou se s o on
g tth
re ss, a i d c f S at T m b l l that m i g I t m b d b t d z p
e re s en e o en or a d th ru w u , orn n . nu e re a ou a o en e rso n s, n e re e re

ab t t w lv d i ff t pi i am g th m a t th lti mat d ig f th c pi t
ou e e e re n o n ons Th xt m vi w
on e s o e u e es ns o e on s ra ors. e e re e e s

w t t i d by S t T m b ll d R p E B Wa hb
e re e n e r a ne e n a or O f th g tl m ru g d d th m tt
u an e . . . s u rn. ne o e se en e en re ar e e a er

as no thi g m th th n al S th v ti g ; th t th S th h d b bad ly d f t d a d th c i
ore an e usu ou e rn au n n a e ou a e en e ea e ,
n e se e ss on

talk m a t thi g b t b gg d ci ; th t th y h ad h ad thi g l g th i w w ay i t c l d t b xp ct d

e n no n u ra a o o a e n s so on e r o n , ou no e e e e

o f th m t q i tly
e b m it t d f t ; f w w k a d l l w l d b p ac f l gai T h th g tl m a w a
o u e su o e ea a e ee s n a ou e e e u a n .
’
e o er en e n s

o f pi i th at th S th m m t v y w d th y tt d ; th t th y h d b p p i g f thi
o n on
‘
e ou e rn en e an e er or e u e re a e a ee n re ar n or s

thi g i c 1 832 ; th at h w c vi c d th y h ad l ct d thi ti m b

n s n e e th y thi k th m l v ad y w hil
as on n e e se e e s e e c au se e n e se es re ,
e

w a e t; th at th y h v m ad p pa ti
re n o w hich w k e w thi g ab t ; th at th i pl a wa t d t y th
a e e re ra on s e no no n ou e r n s o e s ro e

G v m t a d t ta t
o e rn en f th i w ; a d th t t tak p
n os r i f Wa hi gt w a m tha h alf th
on e o e r o n n a o e osse ss o n o s n on s ore n e

battl e.
‘

N f th m ai i g g tl m
on e o ag d w i th i th f th
e re n n0 w ith th m lv en e en re e e er o e se , n r e se e s.

Whil t thi m ti g I l e a d th t l a g m b f d t ctiv h ad b

s ee n ,
t f t all th l g citi
e arn e a a r e nu er o e e es e e n se n or o e ar er es,

Ea t N th d W t d am g th it w m ti d th at M h l K
s , or ,
an es ,
an f B lti m on h ad b appli d t
e se as en on e ars a an e, o a ore , ee n e o,

a d h ad p
n mi d t d t d t ctiv I t l d th g tl m pl i ly th M h al w l d b t y th m that
ro se o se n en e e es . o e en e en a n e ars ou e ra e

h i y m p thi
s s w w ith th S
a th i a y m v m t th y w l d m k ; th t b t a f w w k b f h h ad
es ere e ou n n o e en e ou a e a u e ee s e ore e

d cli d a i vit ti t xch g a d t ctiv f h i f

e ne n n a on f mi o e th g d th t h h ad b t i h i
an e e e e o s or on e o n e, o n e ro u n a e u on e n s

f c a d c q tly h c l d t w f i h th m “ith t I ply I w a i f m d th t M C w i h ad

or e , n on se u en e ou no no urn s e en. n re ,
s n or e a r . or n

c fi d c i Ma h al K
on en e d th y al
n h dc rs fid c i M C w i S an e, an th y d ci d d t h l d t th e so a on en e n r . or n. o, as e e e o o on o e

M a h l a d h i b g d t ctiv I c cl d d tt a tw ith th m
rs a n s o us e e es, on u e no o c e .

I th call d a m b f th m m b f C g
en e on w ith nu t fi d i g m ch i m p v m t ; th
er o o er
p e e rs o on re ss, ou n n u ro e en e e x ce

ti l c
on a w a S at ase G i m O d i ti g i h d S t i f m d m th t h w a i c
s en or r es . l i th J ff
ne s n u s e e n a or n or e e a e s n oun se n e e rson

Davi a d th at i a d y
s, n tw th y w l d b abl t adj t al l appa t d i ff c
n a or o e ou e e o us re n e re n es .

Aft th t I w t am g th p pl a d
er a f d th at M Wa hb w
en on a ight th a a y th
e eo e, n so on oun r . s u rn as n e re r r n n o er

m mb e f C g I h d t alk d w ith I al f d th at th af ty f th c t y d p d d
er o on ress a e Li t at . so ou n e s e o e ou n r e en e on eu en n

G en eral S tt a d I d t m i d t c lt w ith h im ; b tI f a d th G
co ,
n e er l c ld t p
ne ff ici
o t ti m t
o n su u e re e en e ra ou no s are su en e o

talk W th m a fully a I d i d a d th c cl d d t
i e s s f hi c fid ti l ffi c
e s re ,O i q i i g I
n en on u e o se e on e o s on en a o e rs . n n u r n ,

l a d th at tw f G al Sc tt f m ily h ad g at i fl c w ith h im C l R bt E L a d C pt Cha P

e rn e o o ener o
’
s a re n ue n e ,
o . o . . ee n a . s
. .

St on e Id . tk w wh t i d c d m
o no t l ct C ptai St i p f c t C l L b t I d i d a d
no a n u e e o se e a n on e n re e re n e o o . e e, u so, n

call d th Captai at h i q t
e on e W c v d f ly i g d t th i m p d i g t bl a d p cially
n s uar e rs . e on e rse re e n re a r o e en n rou e, n es e

f th d g t d I i f m d h im I w l d l av th f m y d t ctiv
q
o e i w hich W hi gt
an er n as n i th
on s o o city . n or e ou e e ree o e e es n e ,

an d at hi
, t ag d t i t ct th m t p t t h im v b lly a y thi g f i m p ta c th y h l d
s re u es ,
ree o ns ru e o re or o er a n n s o or n e e s ou

di c v
s o er.

I t pp d i B alti m s o th t ight m y w ay h m a d a c tai d f m M h l K hi m lf th pl

e n ore a n on o e, n s er ne ro ars a an e se e an

by w hich M yl d wa t b p cipit t d t f th U iar an g i t th ff t f G

s o e H ick t k p i t th
re a e ou o e n on , a a n s e e or so orr . s o ee e re

a d w it h M
n yl a d al th D i t ict f C l m bi a H t l d m M yl a d w l d w i t f th acti f Vi gi i a
ar n so e s r o o u . e o e ar n ou a or e on o r n ,

a d that acti
n w l d t k pl c w ithi m th ; a d th t w h Vi gi i c d d th gh c v ti
on ou a e a e n a on n
‘
a en r n a se e e ro u a on en on ,

M yl d w l d c d by g avit ti
ar an ou I t w a at thi i t vi w I a
se e e t i d F t M H y t b ga i d
r a on .
’
s s n er e sce r a n e or c en r o e rr son e

by a c p l g a d c i ti g f
or o ra s
’
m d th at th
u r B alti m
,
p lic w k pi g g a d th t i d
on s s n o on e an , an e ore o e e re ee n u r on e ou s e,

t p v
o t th
re gh f m capt i g it p m at ly I c m m icat d th f ct t C ptai S t
en e rou s ro ur n d th re u re . o un e e a s o a n on e, an on e

f ll wi g W d d ay Ja a y 9 th t p f m Wa hi gt t k p ssi
o o n e n es , nu r f th f t d d f m
,
roo s ro s n on oo osse on o e or ,
un er or ers ro

G al Sc tt
en er o .

At a b q t vi it t W hi gt I c ll d f c
su se uen Captai St a d i f m d h im f th p p
s o as n on a e o o u rse, on n on e, n n or e o e ur ose s

q t d m t p t m f my m
,

c t m pl at d i B lti m
on e H th
e n a ore . d ty th a d i t ct th m
e en re ues e e o u so e o e n on u ere, n n s ru e

to re p t t h im i p or by w d f m th d tby m il h c l d t t t th m ail I h d p vi ly
o n e rso n , or o ou ,
an no a ,
as e ou no ru s e s
. a re ou s

plac d tw m th a d m y t
e o en l ct d a thi d w h m I t d i ctly t Capt i St f p ci l
e re , n on re u rn se e e r ,
o se n re o a n on e or s e a

i s t cti
n ru U d th on si t cti thi ffic D avi d S B k ta
n er ese m i d at B lti m
n s ru til F b a y
o n s, s o er, oo s v e r, re a ne a ore u n e ru r

li v d h im D i g th t p i d w hil app tly cc pi d a a m ic ag t B k ta gav

. .

23d w h , I en re e e . ur n a er o , e are n o u e s us en , oo s v er e

pa tic l a att ti t th ayi g a d d i g f th b tt cl

r u r en on o f citiz
e s a d t a g w h f q t m ic
n s n o n s o e e er ass o en s n s r n e rs o re uen us ,

va i ty a d b k t
re , n w hil th th tw d t cti v h d j i d a g iz ti f b l gh s d ti d
oo s ore s, e e o er o e e es a o ne n or an a on o re e rou ,
es ne

t g S
o th l w h w h v th i vic h l d b q i d
o ou or e se e re , en e er e r se r es s ou e re u re .

“I twa th v i g f W d d y F b a y 2oth that B k ta

s on e e en n btai d th i f mati th at m ad
o e n es a , e ru r ,
oo s v er o ne e n or on e

it c y f h im t tak th fi t t ai f Wa hi gt
n e essar or B f g i g b p t d a l tt t m b i fl y
o e e rs r n or s n on . e ore o n , e os e e er o e, r e

s tati g th cn diti f thi g d f h i i t ti t g th f

e on on o cl ck m i g t i d p t I h ll
n s, an o s n en on o o on e o ur o
’
o orn n ra n an re or . s a

c m pl t thi a ativ w ith a xt act f m a l tt w itt by C ptai St

o e e s n rr e th bj ct
n e r ro e er r en a n o n e on e su e .

It i i m p
M
ibl with th ti m
s w at m y d i p al t giv y
oss e, y thi g lik a d tail d hi t y f th
e e no s os ,
o e ou an n e e e s or o e

i f m ati d iv d the m y m a d f m d z
n or on er e f l tt a d p t fr m th
our c add en, d m n ro o en s o e ers n re or s o o er sour e s, re sse so e
 HO W MR . LIN C OLN was SAVED . 1 49

giv en for th e iv e r to th e M aryl an d sid e G en eral s

en t ire forc e to re ro ss c th e r .

B an k s an d St on e an d th e t roop s u n d er th e i r c omm an d s w e re di sapp oi n t e d , ,

an d m ortifi e d for th e y k n e w o f n o seri ou s i m p e dim en t s th e n in th e w ay of

,

an adv an c e G en e ral Mc C l ell an su b seq u en tly said th at a few d ay s after

.
,
”
w ard h e re c e iv e d i n fo rm ati on w hich seem e d to b e au th en tic to th e eff e ct
, ,

th at l arg e b odi e s of th e e n em y h ad b een o rd ere d from M an assas to L eesb u rg ,

to c u t o ff o u r t ro op s o n th e Vi rgi n i a sid e an d th at th e i r
“ti m e ly w ith
”l
draw al h ad p rob ably p re v e n t e d a still m ore seri ou s di sast e r Pl ai n p eopl e .

i n q u i re d w h eth er su ffici en t re e n forc em e n t s for th e N ati on al s to c oun t eract -

,

th e m o v em e n t fro m M an assas m ight n o t h av e b een sp are d from th e al m ost ,

o n e h u n d re d th o u san d t roop s th e n ly in g at e ase arou n d Washi n gt o n o n ly a ,

fe w m il e s di stan t Pl ai n p e opl e w ere an sw ere d by th e q u esti on Wh at do .

,

o u kn ow ab ou t w ar ?
y

ti m t th G al i Ch i f a d m ti m t m y lf w hich v d t c vi c b th f th at th wa
es o e e n er -
n- e n so e es o se , se r e o on n e o o us ere s

i m m i t da g that M Li c l lif w l d b ac ific d h l d h att m pt t p th gh B lti m at th

n en n er r. n o n s
’
e ou e s r e , s ou e e o ass rou a ore e

ti m a d i th m
e n p bli h d i th w pap a th p g am m f h i j
n e an n er u y s e n e ne s e rs s e ro r e o s o urne .

T h cl i g pi c
‘
f i f m ti
e th
os n bj ct wa b ght b e e o f y m B k t
n or H h ad a on on e su e s ro u y on e o our en , oo s ave r . e

for w k b ee t ti d i B lti m a d th m i g f T h d y (tw d y b f th i t d d pa Sag

s ee n s a on e n a ore, n on e orn n o urs a o a s e o re e n en e S e

o f M L i c l th r . gh B alti m ) h a iv d by th a ly t ai a d p t d t m Hi i f m ati w a
n o n rou ore e rr e e e r r n n . re or e o e . s n or on s

en ti ly c b tiv f th t al d y i
re orro p
ora i ; a d t th ti m
e o f maki g m y m
a i g p tt th
re a n o ur osse ss o n n a e e o n o rn n re or o e

G al t Chi f I c m m icat d th a t G
e n er -
u- e l Sc tt h ad c iv d f m th
,
o un c g t w i g al a d
e . e n e ra o re e e ro o e r so u r e s u r en arn n s so, n

h t t d t m th atitw a al m t a c tai ty th t M Li c l c l d t pa B alti m aliv by th t i

e s a e o e s os th er n a r . n o n ou no ss ore e e ra n on e

day fix d ai d th G l “w hil y a d I k w thi w a t c vi c th g tl m that

”
B t e . u ,
s e e n era , e ou n no s, e c nn o on n e e se en e en

M Li c l i
r. t c m i g t Wa hi gt
n o n t b i
s no g at d a q i tly a y p vi s P i d t
o n o s n on o e n au ur e s u e s an re ou re s en .
”

I c m m d d th t M Li c l h l d b fii i l ly w
re o en e d ; a d g g t d th t i t w l d b alt g th
a r
. n o n s ou e o c a arn e n su es e a ou e o e er

b t th at h h l d t k th t ai f that v i g fr m P hil ad lphi a a d

es e s ou a e ach Wa hi gt
e r ly th xtn o e en n o e , n so re s n on ear e ne

day G . l Sc tt i d that M L i c l p
e n e ra l d ig ity w l d v lt tth id a f ch gi g th p g m m
o sa r. n o n s
’
e rso n a n ou re o a e e o an n e ro ra e

o f hi j s y acc t f d g t h i lif I pli d t thi th t it app a d t m th t M Li c l p

o urn e on ou n o an er o s e. re e o s, a e re o e a r. n o n s
’
er

so n al d ig ity w f mall acc

n t i c m p i w ith th d t cti
as o s at l a t da g d i g iz ti
ou n n o ar so n e e s ru on, or, e s , n e rou s sor an a on

o f th U i t d Stat e G v m t w hich w l d b th i vit bl

n e es olt f h i d th by vi l c i B al tim ;
e rn en , ou e e ne a e re su o s ea o en e n ore

th at i a f w d ay m th t m f M B ch
n e ws l d d a d th w l d ( i ca f M L i c l d ath )
ore e er o r. u an an ou en , n ere ou n se o r . n o n s
’
e

b l ct d P i d t t a m th ffic ; th t th N th citi w l d l a i g f th vi l t d ath

e no e e e re s en o ssu e e o e a e
'

or e rn es ou ,
on e rn n o e o en e

o f th P i d t l ct p m
e res f xcit d p pl
en -
e e p B lti m w hich w ul d b d t y d a d w h l d
,
ou r asses o e e e
o e u on a o re , o e e s ro e , n e s ou

fi d n lv i th w t f m f civil w w ith th G v m t tt ly p p d f i t
o urse es n e o rs or o ar, e o e rn en u er un re are or .

G l S c tt aft a ki g m h w th d t il c l d b a g d i
e n e ra o ,
er h t a ti m a d c ivi g my
s n e o e e a s ou e arr n e n so s or e, n re e n
su gg ti th t M Li c l h l d b ad vi d q i tly t t k th v i g t ai a d th t i t w l d d h im
es on a r. n o n s ou e se u e o a e e e en n r n, n a ou o no

h a m t h av th t l g ph w i
r o tf
e af w h e h d i ct d m t
e e ra k M W H S w d t wh m h w t
res c u or e o urs, e re e e o se e r. e ar o o e ro e

w hich h h d d m
. .
,

a f w lie n e s, e an e e .

I tw a al dy t cl ck d w h I ach d M S w a d h
s rea en o h h ad l ft: I f ll w d h im t th
‘
o ,
an en re e r . e r
’
s ou se e e o o e o e
C pit l b t di d t cc d i fi d i g h im til aft 1 2 M I h d d h im th G
a o ,
u no su ee l t ; h li t d
n n n un er an e e en era s n o e
‘
e s en e

tt tiv ly t w h t I ai d a d a k d m t w i t d w m y i f m ti a d gg ti a d th t ki g th
.

a en e o a s , n s e e o r e o n n or a on n su es on s, n en, a n e
p ap I h ad w itt h h a tily l ft
er r en , e s e .

Th t I w t w w hat M F d ick S w d c i d t M L i c l i P hil ad lphi a M Li c l

e no e ro e as r. re er e ar arr e o r. n o n n e . r
. n o n
h a tat d that it w
s s e thi t w hich i d c d h im t ch g h i j as y a h d i d T h t i f di md a
s no e n u e o an e s o u rn e s e . e s o r es o s se re
al l ; M Li c l m
n on se n se ly t k th l pi g a i th ight t ai I k w th i g f a y c cti
r. n o n ere oo e s ee n -
c r n e n r n. no no n o n on n e on

o f M Pi k t r. w ith th m tt
n e r on e a er.
’

“T h
l tt f m w hich th ab v xt act is mad w
e e er ro t t m by G l St i ply t a i q i y
e o e e r e as se n o e e n e ra on e, n re o n n u r
o f mi m d i c n e, q c f havi g
a e a a ticl i i a
n o n se w pap w hich g v th w h l c d it f th m v
ue n e o n se en n r e i ne s er a e e o e re o e o e
m tt p
en wh I
o a pp d h d littl t d w ith it My Opp t ity f k w i g w h th p ti w
e rson o su o se a e o o . or un or no n o e ar es ere

th t d d thi vic t th c t y wa v y g d b tI th ght it ad vi abl t h v th t ti m y f

a re n e re s se r e o e o un r s er o o , u ou s e o a e e es on o on e
o f th m t activ i it t
e os tai m y vi w F bvi e n a I h av t call d
o su s ith f th th livi g
n e s. or o ou s re so n s
, e no e on e er o e o er n

p ti t th m tt
ar es og d i g th b v fii i t t ati fy al l
e a e r, re abl p
ar that th
n a i ti e a o e su
‘
c en o s s re aso n e erson s e ass ss n a on con
m m t d i A p il 1 865 w l d h av tak pl ac i F b y f 1 86 1 h d i t t b f th ti m ly ff t f
q
su a e n r ou e en e n e ru ar o e or s o
, , a no e en or e e
Li t a t G al Sc tt B igad i G al St e H Wm H S wa d F d ick W S w d E a d Davi d
eu en n -
e n er o , r e r- en er on . on . . . e r ,
re er . e ar ,
s .
, n
S B kt
. oo f th M t p lita P lic
s aver, o f N w Y k e e ro o n o e o e or .

I m v y p c tful ly y a a ,
er re s e o urs, s
“J a A K E N E Y
, ,
”
e n N D

G al Mcc l ll R p t p g 84
. .

S 1 ee e n er e an s
’
e or
, a e ;
 ALL QUIET ON T HE P O T O M AC .
”

C H A P T ER VI .

T HE A R MY O F T HE P OT O MA C —T HE T R E NT
. A FF AIR —CA PT UR E OF R OA N O K E I S L AN D .

ly tw o m on th s after th e di sast er
O R th e sp ac e of n e ar
’
at B all s Bl u ff th e p u b l ic e ar w as d aily t ease d w ith
,

th e u n sati sfact ory re p o rt

“ A ll is q u i e t on th e Pot o ,
”
m ac 1 T h e ro ads l e adin g t o w ar d th e C on fe d erat e
c am p s n e ar B u ll s R un We re n e v e r in b e tt er c on diti on
,
’
,
.

T h e w e ath er w as p erfe ct in sere n ity Th e e n ti re .

au t um n in V irginia w as u n u su all y m a gn ific e n t in all

its feat ures M u ch of th e tim e u n til n e ar Christ m as

.
,
.

th e at m osph e re w as v e ry m u ch l ik e th at o f th e soit
I n dian summ er tim e R egim en t aft er reg im en t w as rapidly sw el lin g th e
.

ran k s o f th e A rm y o f th e P o t om ac to th e n u m b er o f tw o h u n d re d th o u san d

m en th oro u ghly e q u ipp e d an d fairly d iscip l i n e d ; w hil e at n o tim e did an y

,

re li abl e rep ort m ak e th at of th e C o n f e d e rat es in fro n t o f it o v er sixty th ou

san d . Plai n p eo pl e w on de re d wh y so fe w w h om p o li tici an s c al l e d rag a“

,
”
m u ifi n s an d a m ob c o u ld so tightly h old th e N ati o n al C apit al in a st at e
,

of si e g e w h il e th e
“ ”
b rav e st an d b e st m en of th e N orth fu lly arm e d an d
, ,

p ro vi si on e d w e re in an d aro u n d it an d N at u re an d Pat ri oti sm in vit e d th em

, ,

to w alk o u t an d d isp erse th e b e si e g e rs lyin g n ot tw o d ay s m arch from th at

’
,

C apit al B ut w h at did pl ain p eop l e k n o w abo u t w ar ? T h e refore so it w as

.

th at th e y w e re sati sfi e d or t ri e d to b e sati sfi e d w ith a v e ry lit tl e of it from

, ,

ti m e to tim e th ou gh p ayin g at en orm ou s rate s in g old an d m u scl e for

,

th at littl e A n d so it w as th at w h en j u st b e fore Ch ri st mas th e q u i e t on

.
, ,
”
th e P o t om ac w as slightly b rok en b y an e v en t w e are ab o u t to c on sid e r ,

th e p e opl e h av i n g l earn e d to e xpe ct

,

littl e w ere g reatly d e light e d by it

, .

Le t u s see w h at h app en e d .

Wh en Mc C all fel l b ack from

D rain sv il l e th e C on f e d e rat e s re occu
,

pi e d it His m ain en c am p m e n t w as
.

at L an gl e y an d P ro sp e ct Hi l l n e ar th e
, ,

Le e sb u rg road an d on ly a fe w m il e s ,

ab o v e th e Ch ain B ridg e o n th e Vir ,

gi nia sid e T h e C on fe d erat es b e c am e

.

v ery b old aft er th e ir vict ory at th e

Bl u fi an d p u shin g th e ir pick e t g u ard s
'
-
,

far u p t ow ard th e N ati on al l in e s th e y

AG WORK,
FO B I RS A T .

m ad e m an y in c u rsi on s in search of
forag e d esp oilin g Un i on m en an d di st ressin g th e c ou n t ry in g en eral With
, ,
.
 BATTLE N EAR DRAIN S VILLE .
1 51

Mc C le llan pe rm issi on Mc C al l p rep are d to st rik e th ese C on fede rat es a bl ow

’
s ,

t hat sh ou ld m ak e th em m ore circ umsp ect an d st op th e i r i n c u rsi on s He h ad , .

o b se rv e d that on su ch o cc asi o n s th e y g en erally l eft a st ro n g re se rv e at

D rain sv ill e an d h e d e t erm i n e d to a tt e m pt th e ir c apt u re w h en an Opp e r

,

tu nit
y sho u ld o ffe r L at er in D e c em be r th e o pp ort u n ity o cc u rre d
.
,

o rd e re d B rig adi e r G e n e ral E O C -

. . .

O rd to att em pt th e achi e v em e n t ; an d
at th e sam e tim e to g ath e r forag e

fro m th e farm s of th e se c essi on i st s .

‘
0 rd w ith h is b rig ad e un d e rt oo k
, ,

th e e n t e rp ri se on th e
D 1 861
“
6 ec
Mc C al l ord ere d
.
,
2 oth .

B rig adi e r G e n e ral R e y n o ld s to m ov e

-

forw ard w ith h is b rig ad e t ow ard

L ee sb u rg as far as D iflic ul t C re e k
, ,

to su pp ort 0 rd if re q u ire d Wh en ,
.

th e fo rc e o f th e l att e r w as w i thi n
tw o m il e s o f D rain sv ill e an d h is ,

forage rs w e re l oadin g th e ir w ag on s ,

th e t roo p s w e re atta ck e d by t w en ty
fi ve h u n d re d C on fe d e rat es u n d e r O C I . . . O ED .

,
’
G e n eral J E B St u art w h o c am e u p th e road from th e di re cti on of C e n tre
. . .
,

vill e . A se v e re fight e n su e d Th e C on fe de rat es w ere g reatly o ut .

n u m be re d an d w e re soon so b e at en th at th e y fl ed in h ast e c arry in g in

, ,

th e i r w ago n s littl e e l se th an th e i r w oun de d m e n Th e b ru n t of th e b attl e .

h ad fall e n on th e Sixth an d N i n th Pen n sylv an ia th e R ifl e s an d East on s

’
, ,

B atte ry T h e N ati on al l oss c on si st e d of se v en kill e d an d sixty w oun de d ;

.

an d the i r g ai n w as a vict ory an d six teen w ag on l oad s o f e xc e ll e n t h a an d

y
-
, ,
”
t w e n ty tw o o f c o rn
-
S tuart rep ort e d h is l oss at forty th ree kill ed an d on e
.
-

h u n d re d an d fo rty th ree w ou n d ed 3
He h ad b e en in d u c e d to att ack su p erior
-
.

n u m b ers by th e fo o lish b oast o f Ev an s th at h e h ad en c o u n t e re d an d w hipp e d ,

fo ur to h is o n e ; an d h e t ri e d to c on so l e h is fo ll o w e rs by c alli n g this a ff ai r a
vict ory for th e m b e c au se Mc C all did n ot ch oose to h old th e b attl e fi el d b u t
,
-
,

l ei su re ly w ithd re w to h is e n c am p m en t T his littl e v ict ory g reatly i n spi re d .

th e l o y al p eo pl e f or it g av e th em th e assu ran c e th at th e t roop s o f th e Arm y

,

o f th e Po t o m ac w e re ready an d abl e to fight b rav e ly w h e n e v e r th e y w ere

,

all o w e d th e p rivil e g e .

While th e frie n d s of th e G o v e rn m en t w ere an x iou sly w aiti n g for th e

al m o st d aily p rom i se d m o v e m en t o f th e G ran d A rm y t o w ard Rich m on d as ,

th e y e ar w as d raw in g to a cl o se an d h e art s w e re g ro w i n g sick w ith h op e s ,

d e ferre d tw o e v e n t s e ach h avi n g an i m p ort an t b e arin g on th e w ar w ere in

, , ,

l d d
His b rig a e was co m pose o f P en n sy lv an i a re gi m en ts, an d co n si st e of th e N i n th Co l on e l Jack son ; T e n th d , .

Colo n e l Mc l m on t; T we lfth Co l o n el T aggart ; B ucktail R i fl es Li eu ten an t Co l one l T L Kan e ; 8 battali on o f

, ,
- . .

th e Sixth ; tw o sq uad ron s o f cav al ry an d asto n s Ba tte ry— l n al l abo u t m en

,
E ‘
.

2 His troo p s con si ste o f th e d E

l e v e n th Vi rgi n ia Col on e l arl an ; Sixth South Caroli n a L i eu ten an t C ol o n e l . G d -

Seagrist; T e n th A l abama Co l on e l Harv e y ; , F

i rst K en t ucky Co l on el T H T ayl or ; th e S u m ter lyi n g Artil . . . F
l y f
er pi
o urCapta i C tt ; d d tach m t f m tw N th Ca li a c v l y gi m t
ec e s, n u s i mb an e en s ro o or ro n a a r re e n s, n nu e r,

t 200 wag w ith h im

,

un d Maj G d St t wa al
er or or f m i g xp d iti
o n. dh d b
u ar s so o n a o z n e e o n . an a a ou o ns .

R p t fG e l M C al l D c m b 20 1 861 ; al G al St t t G al B a g d D c m b 21
or o en era c , e e er ,
so , e n er uar o e ne r e ure ar , e e er ,
 1 52 O PINI O N S O F THE BRIT I S H ARIST O CRACY .

p rog ress ; on e d ire ctly aff e ctin g th e i ssu e an d th e oth e r afi ec tin g it i n cid e n
'

tally b u t p o we rfu lly

,
O n e w as th e e xp e diti on th at m ad e a p e rm an en t l odg .

m en t of th e N ati on al p o w e r on th e c oast of N orth C aro li n a ; an d th e o th e r

w as i n ti m at e ly c on n e ct e d w ith th e fore ig n re l ati on s of th e G o v e rn m e n t Le t .

u s fi rst c on sid er th e l att er e v e n t T h e i n cid e n t s w ere fe w an d si m pl e b u t .

,

th e y c on c e rn e d th e l aw an d th e p oli cy of n ati on s .

We h av e al ready n otic e d th e fact that th e c on spi rat ors at an e arly p eri o d ,

o f th e i r c o n fe d e rati on ag ai n st th e G o v e rn m en t h ad se n t re p rese n t ativ es to ,

E u ro p e for th e p u rp o se o f obt ai n in g from fore ign p o w e rs a re c og n iti on of th e

,

l eag u e as an act ual g o v ern m e n t T h ese m en w e re activ e an d fou n d sw arm s .

‘
,

of sy m p athize rs am on g th e ru li n g an d p rivil e g e d cl asses of E u rop e an d ,

e sp e ci ally in G re at B ri tai n T h e re w as an e vid en t an xi e ty am o n g th ose .

cl asse s in th e l att e r c o u n try to giv e al l p o ssibl e aid to th e c on spi rat o rs so ,

th at th e p o w e r of th e R e p u blic of th e West th e h at e d n u rse ry o f de m oc ratic ,

ide as m ight b e d e st ro y e d by di si n t e g rati on re su l ti n g from civil di sse n si on s

,
.
’

F o rt un at e ly fo r th e R e p u blic th e m en w h o h ad be en se n t ab ro ad by th e ,

c on spi rat o rs w e re n o t su ch as th e dipl omat s of E u rop e c ou ld fe el a p ro

1 pag 259 V l m I
S ee e ,
o u e .

W h v al d y b v d th “p cipi tat a d p c d t d p c d i g a M A dam s t m d it f

e a e re a o se r e e re e n un re e en e
”
ro ee n s, s r . er e , o

th B iti h G v
e r m ts d th l d
o e rn f p blic pi i en , i E gl
an d i ll w i g t th i g t th p i vi
e e a e rs o u o n on n n an , n a o n o e n su r e n s e r

l g f b llig t [ Chapt XX I V v l m I ] I P l iam t a d o t f it

e es o e e re n s . er f v b l ca i w a .
, o u e . n ar en n u o , no a o ra e oc s on s
m itt d b m y l ad i g m p ak t ly di m agi gly b t ft v y fi i l f th G v m t '
o e , y t an e n en , o s e no on s r n , u o en er o e n s ve y , o e o e rn en

a d p
n pl f th R p blic T h
eo e o mi e f f e i tit ti a d pp t
u . f p i vil g d cl a
e e ne act d p es o ree ns u on s n su or e rs o r e e sses e u on

ld m axi m f p litical c aft D vi d a d G v a d th y x t d ll th i p w t w i d th b ach "

th e o o o r , i e n o e rn, n e e er e a e r o e rs o en e re

be tw th p pl
ee n f th F e a d Sl av
eo l b Stat S i Ed w a d B l w Lytt th a th w h h ad c iv d
e o e re e n e - a or es . r r u er on , e u or, o re e e

th h e f k ighth d w hich alli d h im t th a i t c atic cl a i G

on ors o n oo , t B itai app a d am g th w illi g
e o e r s o r ss n re a r n, e re on e n

p ph t
ro f vil f
e s th R p blic H d cl a d i a dd
o e or e bf e uA g i c lt al S ci ty
. th 25 th
e f e re n n a re ss e ore an r u ur o e ,
on e o

S pt m b 186 1 th t h h ad “l g f
e e e r, , a d f
a t l d t b i vi t bl a d i l ti f th A m ica U i
e on o re see n n ore o o e ne a e sso u on o e er n n on

a d th
n agai m
en ti g th D lphic t l h l m ly ai d : I v t t p d ict th at th y g m h
n. o un n e e s oo , e so e n s e n ure o re e oun er en ere

p rese nt w i l l liv t t tw b t at l a t f
e a d p
o se e n o bably m th f o, p t a d v ig C m m
u e s our, n ro o re an o ur, se ara e n so e re n o on

w al th a i i g
e s t f th
r s n p p lati w hich a y a ag i t d th i l gi lat
ou o e se o du P id t a d
ons e r o un e e r e s ure u n er on e re s en , n

ca i d th i m ch d i
rr e e r d fl ag
er H anj ic d i th p p ct th t s gladd d h i vi i a d ai d
se u n e r on e .
”
e re o e n e ro s e a o e ne s s on , n s

I b li v thate e ch pa ati will b at t d d w ith h ppy

e su se r lt th
on af ty f E p a d th d v l p
e en e a resu s lo e s e o uro e, n e e e o

m t f A m ica civiliz ati Th d i ch pa ati w vi d tly g d d i th p ak ”

f
‘
en o er n on . e e s re o r su se r on as e en en en e re n e s e er s

m i d by a pl a a t h c p f th f t f th G t R p blic If it c l d h av be p ibl h sai d "

n n un e s n o ro s o e o e u ure o e rea e u . ou e en oss e, e ,

that as p p lati a d w lth i c a d all th v a t c ti t f A m l w ith h mighty b d a d th

, o u on n ea n re se , e s on n en o sr ca, er se a o ar , n e

fl t w hich h i c a i g am biti a w ll a h xt d i g c m m c w l d h v f m d a d a m d c l d
ee s er n re s n on s e s er e en n o er e ou a e or e n r e , ou

hav mai d d e re f m f g v m t i w hich th x c tiv h l i ttl

ne un er one or o c t l o a p p l ac
e rn en , n e e e u e as e or n o o n ro o ve r o u e

e xc d i gly ad v t
ee n a d xcitabl w h y th
e n urou s A m ica w l d hav h n g v E m p lik a g th i g a d
e e, , en, er ou e un o er u e e a er n n

d t ti v th d cl d N i gl ki gd m i Eu p c l d h v b
e s ru c e un e r- ou . t g
o s n gh t m ai tai i t lf
e n o n ro e ou a e ee n s ron e n ou o n n se

agai t a ati th t h ad c c lid at d th gig tic

ns n on a c f a q t f th gl b
on e on so e e an re so u r e s o uar e r o e o e.
”

A lit tl lat E l R ll th Mi i t f F ig Affai i a aft d i

e e r, ar usse ,
p ch at N w ca tl p
e n s er or o re n rs, n n e r- n n er s e e e s e-u on

T y d
ne, cl a d teh at th t ggl
re i A m ica w a t h
e s ru i d f m pi de th n th f p w “ a d
er s on e on e s e or e re , an on e o er or o e r, n

no tf th g at p i cipl
or e f h ma lib ty
re d f
r n th lif f th R p blic f
es o w hich th G v
u n m t wa er ,
an or e e o e e u , or e o e rn en s

re ally c t d i g A littl l at till th Ea l f Sh w b y p aki g w i th h p f h i cl

on en n . e er s t th
,
l d ci ty
e r o re s ur ,
s e n o e or s ass, a e o

o fW c t aid th at h
or es e r, aw i A m
s i ca th t i al f D m c acy d it f il
. e s H b li v d th d i
n l ti
er e r o e o r ,
an s a ure . e e e e e sso u on

o f th U i e t b i vitabl a d that m th b f h im w l d li t
n on o e ne e, n a i t c acy t bli h d i en e re e ore ou ve o see an r s o r es a s e n

Am i a h S i J h Paki gt f m ly a cabi t m i i t a d th a m m b f P
”
er c I th am n e s e our, r o n n on, or er ne n s e r, n en e er o ar

li am t t l d th m h
en , o th t “f m P
e sa i d t L i c l d w w d th wa ta m a i A m i a w h
e e arers, -
. .
, ro res en n o n, o n ar ,
e re s no n n er c o

w oul d v t t t ll th m th t h ally th ght i t p ibl th at by th f c f ci c m ta c th N th c l d

e n u re o e e a e re ou oss e e or e o r u s n es e or ou

h p to c m p l th S th t ag i j i th m i c tit ti g th U it d Stat
o e o e e ou o Si J h a nB wi g a o n e n on s u n e n e
es .
"
r o n o r n ,
n

e mi t E gli h sch l a i a ki d ly l tt t a A m ica f i d i E gl d xp

nen n s o r, n n d h i l m c victi f e er o n er n r en n n an ,
e re sse s so e n on on o

th e utt pa ati f th Stat a d i ti mat d that th G v m t la k d th y m pathy f E gli h m b ca

er se r on o e e s, n n e e o ern en c e e s o n s en e u se

it h ad t h w y d i p iti t p t d w l av y O v l ki g th e fact th at th f th
no s o n an s os on f th R p blic
o u o n s er .
”
er oo n e a e rs o e e u

f ght f th tabli h m t f libe ty f all a d that th c pi at w fighti g f th tabli h m e t f

ou or e es s en o r or ,
n e on s r ors e re n or e es s n o

fit t f h m ad a c p i “
i d It d
th lav y f th m a y f th b
e s er o fe h w n or m a d a
e ene t app a t m o e e , e e o ar son, n s , oe s n o e r o e

th t y a j tifi d i calli g th S th
a
‘
ou re us e b l O tat m f th ti m f G g I I I call d W h
n n e ou ern e rs re e s . ur s es en o e e o eor e . e as

a d F a kli by that m L d Sta l y w h h d t av l d i th U it d Stat a d z ya bf

”
i gt
n on n r n n na e . or n e ,
o a r e e n e n e es o en e rs e ore ,

a d b tt
n ed t d A m ica ad i ai d i a p ch a ly i N v m b that a S th C f d acy w l d
er u n e rs oo er n
‘
a rs, s , n s ee e r n o e e r, ou e rn on e er ou

b e establi h d H d i d t thi k it a abl t bl m th F d al G v m t f d cli i g t gi v p h alf

s e . e no n r
e son e o a e e e er o e rn en or e n n o e u

th i te it y w ith t t iki g a bl w i it d f se b t th a l d iffic lty i thi ca in h i m i d wa

e r rr or ou s r n o n s e en u e re u n s se , s n , s
 NEW C O NFED ERATE C OMMI SSI O N ERS .

foun d respe ct for ; an d at th e be gi n n i n g of th e au t um n of 1 86 1 it w as p ain

'

fully e vid en t to th e ir em pl oy e rs th at th e y w e re m aki n g n o p ro gress t ow ard

o bt ai n in g th e c o v e t e d g oo d of re co g n iti on It w as th e refore d e t e rm i n e d to .

se n d m e n of m ore abili ty to vi n dic at e an d adv oc at e th e ir c au se at th e tw o

m ost p o w e rfu l C o u rt s of E u ro p e n am e ly G reat B rit ai n an d F ran c e F or , , .

’ 3
th ese missions J am e s M u rray Maso n an d J o h n S l ide ll w e re app oin t e d
, .

T h e y w e re o rigi n al c on spi rat o rs T h e fo rm e r w as a n ativ e of Vi rgi n i a an d .

,

th e l att e r o f N e w Yo rk b u t l o n g a re sid e n t of L ouisi an a T h e form er w as ,

.

ac c re dit e d to th e C o u rt o f St J am e s an d th e l att er to th e C o u rt o f St Cl ou d .
, . .

Bo th h ad b ee n p rom i n e n t m e m be rs of th e S en at e of th e U n it e d St at e s an d ,

b oth w e re som e w h at k n o w n in E urope M ason w as j u stly supp ose d to p os .

(
se s s a su ffici e n cy o f th at d u plicity w hich u n fort u n at e ly to o ofte n ch aract eriz e s

a dipl o m ati st ) to c o v er u p th e re al o bj e ct s of th e c ons pi rat ors an d w in for

,

th em th e g oo d offic e s of co n fi din g En gli sh state sm e n Slid e ll (w h ose w if e .

w as an acc o m pli sh e d F ren ch C reol e of L ouisi an a) w as w e ll v erse d in th e

F re n ch l an g u ag e an d h abit s ; an d fo r ad ro it t rick ery an d re ckl ess di sreg ard
of t ru th h on o r or j u stic e ,
h e w as rightly su pp o se d to b e a m atch for th e
, ,

m ost w ily e m pl o y é of th e Em p e ror of F ran c e h on est or dish on e st T h e se ,

.

”
m en w ere d u ly c o mm i ssi on e d as Am b assad ors for th e C onf e d erat e St at e s
”
of A m e ric a an d th e i r p re p ose d w ork w as re g ard e d as of vit al im p ort an c e
,

to th e i n t e re st s o f th e C o n fe d e racy .

Th e bl o ck ad e of th e Sou th e rn port s of th e Re p u blic w as th en v ery st ri n

g en t an d it w as som e ti m e b efore th e se m en foun d an opp ort un ity to l eav e
,
“
th e c o u n t ry T h e y fi n ally w e n t to sea on th e i 2th of O ct ob e r
.
,
1 86 1 6 .

in th e sm all st e am ship T h eodore w hich l eft Ch arle sto n h arb or at ,

a littl e p ast m id n ight w hil e rai n w as falli n g c o pi ou sly an d in th e d ark n e ss

’

, ,

es c ape d th e n otic e o f th e bl o ck adi n g fl ee t M ason w as acc o m p anie d by h is .

sec re t ary Mr Mc F arl an d) an d Slid e ll by his Wife an d fo u r child re n

( . and , ,

his se c re t ary (M r Eu sti s) an d h is w ife w h o w as a d au ght e r of C orc oran

.
, ,

th e e m in e n t b an k e r of Washin g to n Ci ty T h e fi eodore t ou ch e d fi rst at .

i v lv d i th q ti
n o e n I f th y c q u
e th S u th
ues S tates w hat wi ll th y d wi th th m w h th y h av g t
on, e on er e o ern ,
e o e en e e o

th m 7 H pict d t hi m lf th
e
”
e d f th t bli h m t f a p w f l milita y g v m t t k p th m
ure o se e n ee o e es a s en o o er u r o ern en o ee e

i bj cti
n su II w i ly
e c m m d d g at ca ti i j dgi g f A m ica alf ai
o n. e se re o en e re u on n u n o er n rs .

M Gl d t r. th Cha c ll
a s f th E xch q
o ne
,
i a p ch at Ed i b gh i J a a y 1 862 xp
e n e or o sed th e e ue r, n s ee n ur , n nu r , , e res ere

th pi i that th N ti l G v m t c l d v
e o n on e cc d i p tt i g d w th R b lli a d if it h l d
a o na o ern en ou ne e r su ee « n u n o n e e e on , n s ou ,

h ai d i t
e s w ,l d ly b th p fa a d i t d cti f p litical d i ffic lti f g eat tha v th m ilita y
ou on e e re ce n n ro u on o o u es ar r er n e en e r

f th wa it l f T hi p ch w a d liv d j t aft th d f Ma a d Sli d ll t th

”
difli l tl cu es o e r se . s s ee s e e re us er e surre n er o so n n e o e

B iti h G v m t ; a d M G lad t
r s o e rn vi d tly m i d f l f th t g at
en n r. f fix d p i cipl f
s o n e, e en un n u o e ru e re n e ss o e r n es o

acti a i
on pa abl fr m m w l d ly i t ts was g
s nse r e o o gh t mak
ore that d i play f h
or n ere s , nn eue ro us e n u o e s o on or.

h ty a d c i t cy th p a t f
one s ,
n ons s e nN ti al G v m t a cca i f d i pa agi g tha t G v m t
on e r o o ur a on o e rn en n o s on or s r n o e rn en

a d th
n p pl by cha gi g th m w ith i tability f p p if t c wa d ic H ta ti gly ai d : L t
e eo e, r n e ns o u r ose, no o r e . e un n s e us

l k back t th m m t w h th P i c f W l s app a d i th U it d Stat f A m ica a d w h m

oo o e o en en e r n e o ae e re n e n e es o er ,
n en en

by th th a d by te f th
ou s n a d a d by h
,
d d f th a d t p d t g th f m al l pa t t giv
en s o o us n s, n un re s o ou s n s, roo e o e er ro r s o e

h im w lc m a e th oia tic a d a bvi ly p c d i g f m th d pth f th h t a if th v a t c

e s en us s ,
n s o ou s ro e e n ro e e s o e
’
e ar ,
s o se s ou n

t i s h ad till b a p ti f th d m i i
r e s ee n f Q or L t l k t th fact th t th y
on o e f c ity a
o n o ns o our uee n . e us oo o e a e are o n e e ss

p pl s bj ct t q ick a d vi l t acti f pi i a d li abl t g a t p blic xcit m t i t ly ag d

eo e u e o u n o en on o o n o n, n e o re u e e en ,
n en se ree on

th bj ct f th w i w hich th y w
e su e o e gag d til a
ar nd t a hig h pitch f xp ctati by h a i g th t
e e re e n e , un ro use o o e e on e r n a

on e o f th i v l f w a had l ai d h l d
e r e sse s o th C mmi i f th S
r th St t w h m th y ga d d o on e o ss on e rs o e ou e rn a es . o e re r e

sim ply a b l L t l k t th f ct tha t i th m i d t f that

s re e s. e us l tat
oo i a d i a
o t y w h th p i
e a n e s o ex u en, n n co un r e re e r n

cip l f p p la g v
es o om t a d d m c acy a ca i d t
u r o e rn xt m —th t v h w v i thi t ggl f
en n e o r re rr e o e re es a e e n, o e e r, n s s ru e o

lif a d d ath a th y thi k i t t b —th at v w hil b ll itl w taki g pl ac al l v th c t y f j y

e n e , s e n o e e en e e u on s ere n e o er e ou n r o o

a d xulta ti
n e at thi ap t on th at v th thi p p la a d d m c atic G v m t h a d a d ma d f
s c u reh e en ere s o u r n e o r o ern en s, u n er e n o

a fo ign P w w i tt th w d f th y a th cl i g w d i th d i patch f M S wa d : T h f
re o e r, r en ese or s, or e re e os n or s n e s o r
. e r
‘
e o ur

C mm i i
o wil l b ch
ss oners f l ly lib at d e ee r u er e .
’

S pag 260 v l m e I
ee e S p ag 881 v l m I
,
o u S. pag 231 v l um I ee e ,
o u e . ee e ,
o e .
 WILKE S IN S EARCH O F TRAI T O RS .

N assau N e w Providen c e a B riti sh p ort w h ere bl o ck ad e run n ers an d

, , ,
-

C on fe derat e p irat e ship s al w ay s fou n d a w elcom e an d sh elt er d u ri n g th e

-

w ar an d th e n c e w e n t to C u b a At , .

Hav an a th e “ Am b assad ors w e re ,

g reet ed w ith th e m ost fri e n dly e x

p re ssi on s an d act s by th e B riti sh ,

C on sul an d o th er sy m p athiz e rs an d ,

th ere th e y t ook p assag e for St .

T h om as “ in th e B riti sh ,

m ail st e am er fl en t C ap -

t ain M oir i n t en din g to ,

l eav e for E n gl an d in th e n e xt re gu l ar
p ack e t from th at i sl an d to S ou th am p
ton .

N ati on al G ov ern m en t h e ard T he

of th e d e p art u re o f M ason an d S l id e ll ,

an d arm e d v e sse l s w e re se n t in p u rsu it .

N o n e o f th e se w on th e p riz e T h at
C H ES W LK ES A RL I .
.

achi e v e m e n t w as l e ft for C aptain

Ch arl es Wilk es o f th e n avy to p erform an offic er of w o rld—w id e fam e, as th e

, , ,

c omm an d er of th e Am eric an E xpl orin g E xp e diti on to th e So u th Se as a q u art er ,

o f a c en t u ry b e fo re At th at ti m e h e w as on h is w ay h om e from th e c oast of
.

Afric a in c omm an d of th e N ati on al st e am sl oo p of w ar S an J acin to m ou n ti n g

,
- -
,

thi rt e en g u n s He p ut i n t o th e p ort of St T h om as an d th e re h eari n g of th e

. .
,

m o v e m e n t s of th e pi rat e ship S u m ter h e d e p art e d on a c ru i se in th e G u lf ,

o f M e xic o an d am on g th e West In di a I sl an d s in se arc h o f it At Hav an a h e .

“
w as i n form e d o f th e p re sen c e an d in t e n ti on s of th e C on fe d erat e A m b assa
”
d ors an d aft er sati sfyin g him self th at th e law of n ati on s an d e sp e ci ally th e
, ,

se ttl e d B riti sh i n t e rp re t ati on of th e l aw c o n c e rn in g n e u t ral s an d b e ll ig ere n t s ,

w o u ld j u stify h is i n t erc e pti on of th e T ren t an d th e se iz u re on b oard of it of .

th e tw o
“ A ” ”
m b assad o rs h e w e n t o u t in th e t rack o f th at v esse l
,
bN 2ov.
in th e B ah am a Ch an n e l tw o h u n d re d an d fo rty m il es from
.

Hav an a an d aw ait e d its app earan c e He w as g rat ifi e d w ith th at app ariti on

, .

t o w ard n oon on th e 8 th of N ov em b er w h en ofi Pare d on del G ran d e on th e

'

, ,

n orth sid e of C u b a an d l ess th an a d o z en m il e s di st an t .

,

O n th e app e aran c e o f th e T r en t all h an d s w e re c all e d to q u art e rs on th e

,

S an J acin to an d Li eu t en an t D M F ai rfax a ki n sm an of M ason by m ar

, . .
,

ria e w as ord e re d to h av e tw o b oat s in r a di n e ss w e ll m an n e d an d arm e d

g , e , ,

to b o ard th e B riti sh st e am e r an d se iz e an d b ri n g aw ay th e
“ A m b assad ors ”
,

an d th e i r se c re tari e s Wh en th e Tren t w as w ithin h aili n g di st an c e a requ est

.
,

w as m ad e f or it to h e av e to It k e pt on its c ou rse w h en a sh e ll fi re d ac ross

.
,

its b ow m ad e a d e m an d th at w as heed ed F ai rfax w as sen t on b oard of th e .

T ren t b u t fou n d h e c ou ld do n othin g in th e m att er of h is e rran d w ith ou t th e

,

u se o f phy sic al fo rc e C apt ai n M oi r h ad d e clin e d to sh ow h is p ap e rs an d h is

.

“ ”
p assen g e r li st an d th e A m b assad ors h ad t reat e d w ith sc orn th e sum m on s
-

to go on b o ard th e S an J ac in to w hich lik e al l th e oth er act s o f F airfax h ad

, , ,
‘
b e en d on e w ith th e g re at e st c ou rt esy an d p rop ri ety A p ro p er forc e w as .

l Th e a pp e aran ce of L i t
e u e nan t F i fax
a r on b d oar th e Tren t, w ith a warran t f or th e t
arre s of M aso n an d
 CA PT URE O F MAS O N AND SLIDELL

sen t ,
an d Slide ll c om pe ll e d to yi eld to circ um st an c es w en t
M ason an d , ,

q uietly on th e S an J acin ta w ith th eir se c ret ari es

b oard T h e Tren t with .
,

th e fam il i e s of Slid e ll
an d Eu sti s on b oard ,

an d its l arg e n um b er

of p asse n g e rs w as p er ,

m itte d to p ro c ee d on its
v oy ag e aft er a deten ,

ti on of on ly littl e m ore
than tw o h ou rs T h e .

c aptiv e s w ere c on v e y ed
fi rst to N e w Y ork an d
th en to B ost on Harb or ,

w h e re th e y w e re f ur
n ish e d w ith q u art e rs in
F O W E N RT AR R .

F ort Warren th en u se d as a p rison for p ol itic al off en d ers u n der th e ch arg e

,
‘
,

o f C apt ai n D i m ick th e d e fe n d e r of F ort re ss M onroe ag ain st th e Vir gi n i a ,

’
i n su rg en t s .

T h e act of C apt ain Wilk es w as u n iv e rsally appl au d e d by l o y al m en an d ,

fille d th e l an d w ith rej oicin g s be c au se tw o of th e worst of th e c on spi rat ors

w ere in th e c u st o dy of th e G o v e rn m en t F or th e m o m en t m en did n ot st o p .

to c o n sid er e ith er th e l aw or th e e xpe di e n cy i n v o lv e d in th e act Public .

h on ors w ere t en d ered to C o mm an d e r Wilk e s an d reso l u ti on s of th an ks w ere ,

3

p asse d by p u blic b odies He p art oo k of a p u blic din n e r in B ost on T h e . .

N e w York Hi st oric al S o ci e ty w hil e h e w as p re se n t at a st at e d ,

D 8 0 ec
m ee t in g e l ec t e d h im an h on o rary m e m b er of th at b o dy by
‘ .
,

, 1 861 , .

accl am ati on T w o d ay s af terw ard h e w as p u blicly re c e iv e d by

.
,

Sli d ll d th i c t i p d c d g t xci t m t T h C ptai w s a k d t h w h i p

e ,
an e r se re ar e s, ro g li t
u e rea e e en . e a n a s e o s o s asse n e r- s .

H f dt d
e re u se F i fax th ai d th t th v l W l d t b ll w d t p c d til h w ati fi d
o o so . a r en s a e e sse ou no e a o e o ro e e un e as s s e

w h th
e th m er h wa e ki g w
en b d e t Th h a i g th i am m ti d am f wa d
s see n ere on o ar or n o . e se , e r n e r n es en on e ,
c e or r .

Th y p t t d g i t a
e ro es e t a d i thi t th y w j i d by C ptai M i a d by th Mail Ag t Captai
a a ns rre s , n n s no e ere o ne a n a r, n e en , n

Wil li m f th R y l Navy w h ai d h w th
a s, o e o p at tiv f H Maj ty , o s e as e re rese n a e o er es .

T h “Am b a ad e f d t l av th T t xc pt by f c F i fax call d t h i id L i t a t

ss ors re use o e e e ren , e e or e. a r e o s a e u en n

G wh cam
ree r, b a d w ith a f w m i
o e on T h Li t a t th t k Ma by th h l d a d w ith
o r e ar n e s . e eu en n en oo son e s ou er, n ,

an o th ffi c er o th O pp it i d c d ct d h im t th g gw y f th t am
er o n e os d h
e s d d h im v t
e, on u e o e an a o e s e er, an an e o er o

G ree r H th
. t e d f Sli d ll w h g v h im t d ta d th at a g d d al f f c w l d b q i d
en re urn e or e ,
o a e o un ers n oo e o or e ou e re u re

t mak h im g
o e T h pa g gath d a d i g t c m m ti m ki g c t m pt
o. e sse n ers ma k w ith e re ro un n re a o o on , a n on e u ou s re r s,

th at f vi l c a d c i d t Sh t h im i T h wif a d d ght f Sli d ll j i d i v h m t p

re s o o en e, n on e re ou , oo
”
e e n au er o e o ne n e e en ro

t t d th latt t ck F i fax i th fac acc di g t th t ti m y f C pt Willi m w h t l d th t y

es s, an e e r s ru a r n e e, or n o e es on o a . a s, o o e s or

o f thi cabi s c i a aft di n s en e p ch atPlym th S m f th p blic p ap

n n er- h ai d
“h av d c ib d
nn er s e e ou . o e o e u ers,
”
e s e es r e
,

a h avi g lapp d M F ai f x fac [ H h i a d i c c i d t S v d h im ight if h di d a d ’ ’

h er s n s e r. r a s e . ere s u en e r e ou , er e r s e ,
n

Sh d i d t ik M Fai fax h c ti
e s r e d a d th a d i c g v ch i h h
r . r
” “B t h d i d
e on t d it n ue n e u en e a e ee rs n er on o r u s e no o
,
.
,

w ith th v l ga ity f g t
e u w hich h
r b tt ib t d t h
o Mi S li d l l w a with h fath i th cabi
e s ure as ee n a r u e o er . ss e s er er n e n,

w ith h a m ci cli g h i ck a d h wi h d t b t k t p i w ith h f th (H a h a ) M

er r en r n s ne ,
n s e s e o e a en o r son er a er . e r, e r . r .

Fai f x tt m pt d t g t i t th cabi —I d t ay f cibly f I d n t y w d i t M F i f x

r a a e e o e n o e n o no s or or o o sa a or ag a n s ‘
r . a r a ,
so

c d— h att m pt d t g th aw ay by i d c m t I h ag y th h d i d t ik
,

far a hi m
s i c
s an n er s on e rn e e e e o e er n u e en s . n er on ,
e n, s e s r e

h im i th f c th
n e tim I wi h th t Mi Sli d ll littl k ckl h d t ck m i th f c I h l d lik
a e re e e s. s a ss e
’
s e nu es a s ru e n e a e. s ou e

t h v th ma k f
o a e v e E xcl m ati f O h i d l ght f l l dw d thi a ti
r ore er .
”
a on s o
”
an au er o e s sse r on .

Th ma i e w call d i a d Sli d ll wa c m p ll d t g M Fa l d d E ti w t q i tly d

r n es ere e n, n e s o e e o o . c r an an us s en u e ,
un er

p t t
ro e s .

F tW
1 ori G g I l d a d c m ma d th m i t c t B t H b I t i a t g
arre n s on e or e s
‘
s an ,
n o n s e a n e n ran e o os on ar or . s s ron

w k or f ma o y with fi f t thsonr th , t a d th bi g
ve i th
ron littl k tch
s, e so u ern , e as ern , n n or e rn on e s e n seen n e e s e .

A rou nd th m i w k i di tch 80 f t i w i d th T h ti ci c it f th f t i
e a n or s a f t A gai t th ee n . e en re r u o e or s ee . ns e

so u th f t i r on t w k f m ch t gth w hich i
s an o u i th k tch
or o u s re n , s se e n n e s e .

2
S pag 49 8 v l m I
ee e ,
o u e .

T h c w f th S a J aci t p
e re o t d t L i t t Fai f x b a d that v l i B t H b
e n n o re se n e o e u e n an r a , on o r e sse ,
n os on ar o r, 3

b a tif l ilv g bl t wi th ati al v l d m ilit y d vic

e u u s er o e ,
i t a d th i c ipti
n P on tdt , na a ,
an ar e e s on ,
n e ns r on , re se n e o

Li t
e u e n an t F ai fax by th c w f th S a J a i t a light t k f th i t m a d l v
r , e re o e n c n o, as s o en o e r es ee n o e.
"

0
 CAP TAIN WILKES S ’
A CT APPR O V ED .

th e au th oriti es of th e City of N e w York ; an d on h is arriv al in Washi n gt on

City t ow ard th e m iddl e of D e c em b e r h e w as m ad e th e re cipi e n t of sp e ci al
, ,
“
h on ors Al ready th e S e c re t ary o f th e N avy h ad w ritt e n to h im
.

0 N 80 ov
a c o n g rat u l at ory l e tt er on th e
.
, “g re at p u blic se rvic e
”
h e h ad
1 861
“
.

ren d e re d in c apt u ri n g th e re be l em i ssari e s M ason an d Slid e ll , ,

w h o th e S e c re t ary said
,
h av e b ee n c on spicu ou s in th e c on spi racy to di ssolv e
,

th e Un i o n ; an d it is w e ll k n o w n th at w h en se iz e d by y o u th e y w e re on a , ,

m i ssi on h ostil e to th e G ov e rn m en t an d th e c ou n t ry
”
He assu re d h im th at .

“
h is c on d u ct h ad th e e m ph atic app ro v al of th e D e p art m e n t ”
I n h is an n u al .

re p ort su b m itt e d to C on g ress th ree d a y s afterw ard th e S e c ret ary as em

, ,

ph atic ally app ro ve d VVilkes s c o u rse an d at th e sam e ti m e rem ark e d th at h is ’

,
“
g en erou s forb earan c e in n o t c apt u ri n g th e T ren t m u st n ot b e p erm itt e d to
c on stit u t e a p re c e d e n t h e re after f or th e t re at m e n t of an
y c ase of si m il ar
i n fracti on o f n eu t ral oblig ati on s by fore ig n v e sse l s e n g ag e d in c om m erc e or
”
th e c arryi n g t rad e .

“
O n th e fi rst day of th e S essi on of C on g re ss th e Hou se of ,
5D 2 e 0.

R e p re se n t ativ es on m oti on of Mr L o v ej o y of Illi n oi s t en d ere d

.

, .
, ,
“th e th an k s of C on g re ss to C apt ai n Wilk e s fo r h is arrest o f th e t rait ors
,
”
Slide ll an d M ason By a fu rth e r resol u tion th e Pre sid en t w as re q u est e d
.
, ,

in re t ali ati on for th e Ou t rag e ou s t rea t m en t of C o l on e l C o rc oran th e n a ,

p ri so n er in th e h an d s of th e C on fe d e rat es in c on fi n i n g h im in th e c e ll of a ,

c o n vic te d fe l o n to su bj e ct M ason to lik e t re at m en t in F ort Warre n

1
.
,

By m o st of th e w rit ers on i n t e rn ati on al l aw in th e U n it e d St at es in ,

st ru ct e d by th e d o ct ri n e s an d p ractic e s of G re at B rit ai n th e e ssay s o f B riti sh ,

p u blici st s th e d e ci si on s of B riti sh c ou rt s an d by th e l aw as l aid d ow n b y

, ,

th e Q u e e n s re c e n t p ro cl am ati on th e ac t o f C apt ai n Wilk e s w as d e cid e d to

’ 2
,

b e ab u n d an tly j u stifi e d B u t th e re w as on e th o u ghtfu l m an in w h om w as

.
,

v est e d th e t re m en d ou s e x e c u tiv e p o w e r of th e n ati on at th at tim e an d w h ose ,

vi si on w as c o n st an tly e n d e av orin g to e xpl ore th e m y st e ri e s o f th e n e ar “

fu t u re w h o h ad i n d u lg e d c alm er an d w i ser th ou ght s th an m o st m e n at th at

,

m om e n t b e c au se h is fee li n g s w e re k ept in su bj e cti o n to h is j u dg m e n t b y a

,

sen se o f h e avy r esp o n sibility T h at m an w as Ab rah am Li n c ol n T h e au th or . .

w as in Washi n gt on city w h e n th e n e w s reach e d th e re of th e c apt u re of th e

c on spi rat ors an d h e w as in th e oflice of th e S e c ret ary of War w h en th e e l e c
,

trograph c on t ai n i n g it w as b rou ght in an d re ad He can n e v er forg e t th e .

s c e n e th at e n su e d Le d by th e S e c re t ary w h o w as fo ll o w e d by G o v ern or
.
.
,

An d re w of M assach u se tt s an d o th ers ch e er afte r ch eer w as giv en by th e , ,

c om p an y w ith a w ill L at er in th e day th e w rit e r acc om p an i e d by th e l at e

,
.
, ,

E li sh a Whittl ese y F irst C om pt roll er of th e T re asu ry w as fav ore d w ith a

, ,

b ri ef i n t ervi e w w ith th e Pre siden t w h en th e cl e ar j u dgm e n t of th at far see i n g ,

-

an d sag aci ou s st at esm an u tt ere d th rou gh h is lip s th e w ord s w hich form e d

th e ke y n ot e to th e j u dici ou s acti on o f th e S e c re t ary of St at e afte rw ard

-
I .

fear th e t rait ors w ill p rov e to b e w hit e e l eph an t s said Mr Lin c ol n

”
We ,
. .

m u st stick to A m e ric an p ri n cipl e s c o n c e rn i n g th e right s of n eu t ral s We .

fou ght G reat B rit ai n for i n si sti n g by th eory an d p ractic e on th e right to do , ,

1 R e port of th e P oc
r ee di g
n s ofC g on re ss in th e Con gression a l G l obe, D ec 2d, 1 861 . .

2 S ee p ag e 56 7 v l
. o u me I . of thi w k s or . Inth t p cl am ti aft
a ro m ti g m y ct th t w l d b
a o n, er e n u era n an a s a ou e

avi l ti
o a on of th e d ty u t l s; th
of n e u ra e Q ueen s p cifi d th t f ca yi g fi c
e e l d i d i p tch
a o tc t rr n o ers, so ers, s a es,
"
e e e ra .

Ma so n an d Sli d ll w e ere civil ffi c o e rs of th e C f d acy a d w th m lv livi g d i p a tch

on e er ,
n e re e se es n s es .
 MI GHT MAKES R G HT I .
1 57

p re cise ly w h at C apt ai n Wilk e s h as d on e If G re at B rit ain sh all n ow p ro .

t est ag ai n st th e act an d dem a nd s th e ir re l e as e w e m ust giv e th e m u p ap o l o , , ,

giz e for th e act as a vi ol ati on of ou r d oct rin es an d th u s fore v er bin d h er ,

o v er to k ee p th e p e ac e in re l ati on to n e u t ral s an d so ackn ow l e dg e th at sh e ,

” 1
h as b e en w ron g for sixty y ears .

T h at d e m an d sp e e dily c am e Wh en in telligen ce of th e affai r on b oard .

“ C apt ai n Willi am s
‘

th e T ren t re ach e d E n gl an d an d d e t ail s w e re giv e n by , ,

R . in a p u blic c o mm u n ic ati o n dat e d at se a N o v e m b er 9 th (an d al so in ,

h is after di n n e r sp ee ch al re ady m en ti on e d ) in w hich h e so highly c ol ore d a

-
,

few fact s th at th e c ou rt eou s act s of Li eu t en an t F ai rfax w e re m ad e to appe ar

1 F or m ore tha n a h d d y a G t B it i h d d i d th
un re e rs re a r a n a en e e san ctity f a o t l hip wh h i t t
n e u ra s ,
en er n ere s s

see m e dt q i o re u re its vi l ati o T hat P w h ad cq i d f ll

on .
p o er a u re u su re ma y f th c o e a at th
se s m i dd l f th l a t e e o e s

c t y
en ur ,
an d T h o m pso n had w itt th t d i g t B iti h p i d
r en a o
’
er n o r s r e, th g f
e so n o
“Rul B ita ia b a ti gly
e r nn ,
"
o s n

msertin g that
Wh en B itai n fi rs t
r , at Hea e n s v '
c om m an d ,

Arose f rom ou t th e a ure z ma i n,

T hi s w as th e cha t r e r of th e an l d ,

g a di gl g th t i An d u r an an e s su n e s ra n

B l B ita i ! B ita i a l th wa l u e r nn a r nn ru es e v es

B it v hall b l av l "
r on s n e er s e s es

C sci f it m ight G at B i tai mad

on ous o s w l w f ati f ,it w b refit i 1756 F d ick th
r n e a ne a o n on s, or s o n en e , n . re er e

G at f P ssi a h ad d cl a d th t th g od f
re o ru my c
e t b t k f m b a dth hip f f i d
re a e o s o an en e an no e a en ro on o r e s s o a r en .

A B i ti h d i C
r s cil w a i m m d i at ly i d d cl g th v
or e r n ou n f thi t b
s th l w f ti e d e ss ue ,
e ari n e re erse o s o e e a o na on s,
"
an

f bi dd i g
or t l v l t ca y m ch d i b l gi g t th w ith w h m h m ight b atw 8 vi la
n n e u ra e sse s o rr er an se e on n o ose o s e e ar . 0 o

tiv f th g l d
e o l w thi d th t th p blici t f G at B itai f d it c a y t f p ct f
e o e n ru e as s or e r, a e u s s o re r n o un n e e ss r ,
ou o re s e or

th e opi i f m a ki d t p t f th p ci
n ons o n phi t i t p v th at E gl d wa t am biti !
n ,
o u or s e ou s so s r es o ro e n an s no ous

U d w h t w c ll d Th R l f
n er a as th B iti h avy b g
a e t d p dat p th c m m c f th
e u e o e r s n e an o e re e u on e o er e o e

w ldor Th .l m t aty m ad by G at B itai w ith H ll a d ighty tw y a b f i w hich it w

e so e n re e re r n o n . e -
o e rs e ore , n as

e xp ly tip l t d th at f hip h l d m k f g d — th at a t al fi ag h l d p t ct a t al b tt m
ress s u a e re e s s s ou a e re e oo s n eu r s ou ro e n eu r o o

— th t th c t ab d f w h l d b t ictly li m i t d “t a m a till y a d h d t i cl d
,

a e on r an o ar s ou av l
e s r e o r s, r er ,
n o rse s, an o n u e n a

m t i l
a e r a s, wa w a t ly vi l at d by th p
”
s i f m ight Th v l f H ll d w
n on o e t ly p hibit d e o sse ss o n o . e e sse s o o an ere n o on ro e

f m ca yi g v l t
ro rr b tw
n na iz d d th i c g
a s ores, d f th b fit f th E gli h w m ri
u e re se e ,
an e r ar oe s u se or e en e o e n s ar- a ne .

F m that ti m til th p
ro t G t B it i h a t ad ily d h d t “Th R l f
e un e rese n x pti g i a f w
, re a r a n s s e a ere o e u e o e ce n n e

i ta c w h it i t d h i t t t m k a t m p a y ch g i h p licy 8 i j i ly d i d thi
ns n e s, en su e er n e re s s o a e e or r an e n er o . 0 n ur ou s s
“
R l p actic lly f c d p t p th c m m c f th w l d f E gl a d b fit th t i 1 780 th
u e,
"
r a e n or e ,
o e ra e u on e o er e o e or or n n
’
s e ne ,
a n e

n or th p w e rn f E p —R ia S w d D m a k a d H ll d— f m d a t aty f ll i c call d th
o e rs o uro e uss , e en, en r , n o an or e re o a an e , e e

A m d N
r t lity t i t th p t i a d vil p actic f G at B it i T h d ct i f th l ag
e eu ra ,
”
o re s s e re e n s on s n e r es o re r a n . e o r ne o e e ue

wa th at f F d ick b t m ch
s o l g d A mam t w p pa d t t i th d ct i b t G e t
re er , u u e n ar e . r en s e re re re o su s a n e o r n e, u r a

B i tai
r av al t
’
n s n gth w t g at a d th ff t fail d
s re n as oo re ,
n e e or e .

I 1 79 3 w h
n G t B itai w a at w with F a
, en re a
“T h R l f 1 750 w a agai
r n p t i t ctivs ar r nc e, e u e o s n u n o a e

o p ati
er By on.d i C cil it w a d i ct d th t l l v l l ad w ith g d th p d c f y c l y
an o r er n o un , s re e a a e sse s en oo s, e ro u e o an o on

f F a c ca yi g p vi i ppli f ch c l h l d b iz d a d b ght i f dj dicati ”

o r n e , or rr n ro s o n s or su es or su oon y ,
s ou e se e n rou n or a u on .

T hi w s aim d t Am a s ica c m m c w hich was th xciti g th vy f th B iti h T th t c m m c

e a er n o e r e, en e n e en o e r s . o a o er e

F a c h ad th p d l l h W t I d ia p t Th d w a c tly ci c l t d m g th B iti h c i s
r n e en o e n e a er es n or s. e or er s se re r u a e a on e r s ru se r ,

an d capt w m adure s d i t b f it i t c w a k w i L d ! F th t t ach y E gli h tat

e re e un er e ore s ex s e n e s no n n on on or a re er , n s s es o

m en a d p blici t n fi d th
u lfi h x s s oth t it wa “B iti h p li y t i tai f th t p w th p m
‘

e re e se s e c use a s r s o c o un n n or a o er e su re

a y f th
c o th at it chil d m ight c ti t i g R l B ita ia ] B ita i l th w v
e seas,
”
s ren on n ue o s n u e r nn r n n a ru e s e a es .
”

Th ag
g i w
ese f l l w d by m
re ss o n s i t ag agai t th ight f f i d
ere soon o t l
o e ore se r ou s o u r es ns e r s o r en s, or n e u ra s .

G at B i tai d cl a d it ight t
re r n a ch a y v
e re l th hi gh a a d tak th f m a y bj ct f h
s r o se r n e sse on e se s, n e ere ro n su e o e rs

f d th
o un T hi wa a “ w l w f
ere . ti s p m lgat d by G t B itai t i t h
s ne ac i ti oH na o n s,
"
ro u e re a r n o su er n e e ss es . er

c i ru se rs roam d th a d h ld e fl g t b a ab l t p t cti
e se s, an f wh t w b th it S m w
e no a o e n so u e ro e on o a as e n ea . ea en o
e re

c ti al ly d agg d f m Am ic v l d pl c d i th B iti h vy T h B iti h c i

on nu r e ro er an w t e sse s an a e n e r s na . e r s ru sers ere n o

v y p a tic l w h th y wa t d am a d d th p t xt f cl i m i g th bj t f Hi M j ty
er r u ar en e n e se e n, n un er e re e o a n e su ec s o s a es .

b t
a ou A m ica citiz w f c d i t th B iti h vic i th c
er n e ns f t w lv
ere fift y or e n o e r s se r e n e ou rse o e e or e en e ars ,

T hi p acti
s w r f th chi f ca
ce f th w a d cl
as o n e o d ag i t G at B itai by th U it d Stat i
e e u se s o e r e are a ns re r n e n e es n

1 81 2 I th m i d t f th t w wh v t p ac ight t m w d by th A m i ca
’
. n e s of a ar,fi en o er u re s or e e on r eo u s er s ere o ere e er n s,

th rlg h t f
e a ch d imp
o m t w a i i t d p by a ca f lly p pa d ma if t f th cti g h ad f
se r an re ss en s ns s e u on re u re re n es o o e a n e o

th B iti h G v
e r m s t i w hich it wa d cl a d th t i f A m ica by d m a di g thi p li mi a y c c i
o e rn en , n s e re a er ,
e n n s re n r on e ss on ,

i t d t d y th val i d ity f that ight i that d i l G at B it i ca t acq i c

n en s o en e o will h giv cr , n en a re r a n n no u es e, n or s e e ou n

t a c t ch p t i by acc d i g t it s p i m ch l t it aba d m t a a ba i
e ns o o su re e n s on s w hich t
e n o s u s e n s on , u e ss o s n on en , s s s on o

t at Th w w t
re
"
d wh
e it w a d d G at B i tai y tm i t i d th d ct i lai d d
ar en on, an w i “ Th r ne o n n e
. en s en e re r n e a n a ne e o

R l f
u e o a d c ti d t i i t til 1 8 61 p th ight f a ti tw t t th hip f a t al
n on n ue o ns s , un , u on e r o na on a ar o e n er e s o n eu r

pw io er ch a d f th izu f it bj c t a ti l c t aba d f wa thi g i t d d t be i j i ~

n se ar n or e se re o s su e s
, or r c es on r n o r, or n s n en e o n ur

o us t th B itish nati
o e
I d t i
r d p actic G at B itai j
on . tifi d th t f C ptai Wilk
n oc r n e an r e, re r n us e e se o a n e s.
 ABUS E BY T HE EN G LI S H P R E S S .

lik e ru d e ou t rag es a st orm of in dig n ati on w as raise d Th e m ost vi ol en t an d

,
.

co arse ab u se of Am e ric an s w as u tt ere d by a p orti on of th e B riti sh p ress ; an d

th e m ost ab su rd th re at s of v e n g e an c e on th e off en din g n ati on w ere p u t forth .

O f th e c o u rt e ou s an d acc om plis h e d g en tl em an C apt ain Wilk e s th e L on d on , ,

n n f :
T im es th e acc re dite d e xp o e t o th e Opi n i on s of th e G o v e rn m en t an d th e
,

rul i n g cl ass said : He is u n fort un at e ly b u t to o faithf u l a typ e o f th e p eopl e

,

in w h ose fou l m i ssi on h e is e n g ag e d He is an ide al Y an k ee S w agg er an d . .

fe ro city b u ilt u p on a fou n d ati on of v u lg arity an d c ow ardic e— th ese are h is

,

ch aract eri stic s an d th ese are th e m ost p rom in en t m ark s by w hich h is c ou n t ry

,

m en g e n e rally S p e aki n g are kn o w n all o v e r th e w orld

,
T o b u lly th e w e ak ,
.
,

to t ri u m ph o v e r th e h e lpl e ss to t ram pl e o n e v ery l aw of c oun t ry an d c u st om , ,

w illfu lly to vi o l at e al l th e m o st sac re d i n t e re st s o f h u m an n at u re to d efy as ,

l on g as d an g e r d o es n ot app e ar an d as so on as re al p eril sh ow s it se lf to , , ,

s ea
n k asid e a n d ru n aw a y — th ese are th e virt u es of th e rac e w hich p resu m e s
to an n ou n c e it self as th e l e ad e r of civiliz ati on an d th e p ro ph e t of h um an
p rog re ss in th e se l att er d ay s By C apt ain Wilk es l et th e Yan k ee b ree d b e .

”
j u dge d .

O th er p u blic ati on s of high e r an d l o w er ch aract e r th an th e T im es u se d, ,

e qu ally o ffen siv e l an g u ag e an d th e G o v e rn m en t it se lf w ith o u t w aiti n g ,

to h e ar a w ord from th e U n it e d St at e s o n th e su bj ect at on c e assum e d a ,

be llig e ren t p ositi on an d m ad e e n e rg e tic p re p arati on s f o r w ar S o u rg en t

,
.

se em e d th e n e c e ssity th at n ot an h o u r o f p ro c rasti n ati on w as p erm itt e d

,
Al l
th rou gh S u n d ay th e l st of D e c em b er (i m m e di at e ly aft e r th e arriv al of th e
,

p assen g e rs of th e T ren t) m en w ere en g ag ed in th e T o w er of L on d on in p ack ,

in g t w en ty fi v e th ou san d m u sk e t s to b e sen t to C an ad a O n th e
- -
.

a D c mb e e “ e r,
4th a ro y al p ro cl am ati on w as i ssu e d p rohibiti n g th e e xp o rt a ,
1 861 .
,

ti on of arm s an d m u n iti on s of w ar an d th e ship m en t of saltp e t er

w as st opp e d A gen eral p an ic p rev ail e d in b u si n ess ci rcl es Vi si on s of
. .

B riti sh p riv at ee rs sw eepi n g Am e ric an c om m e rc e from th e seas fl oat e d b e fore

th e En gli sh m i n d an d n o in su ran c e o n Am e ric an v esse l s c o u ld b e o bt ain e d
,
.

Am e ric an se c u riti e s d ropp e d am azi n gly an d l arg e fort u n es w e re m ad e by ,

w i se on e s u n d e r th e sh ad o w of high pl ac e s w h o p u rch ase d an d h eld th em

, ,
“ ”
for a ri se ! O rd e rs w e re i ssu e d for a l arg e i n c re ase in th e n av al squ ad ron s
o n th e N orth A m e ric an an d We st I n di a st ati on s an d p o w e rfu l t ran sp ort s ,

w e re c all e d for T h e g re at st e am p ack et P ersia w as t ak en from th e m ail

.
-

se rvic e to b e em pl oy e d in c arryi n g t roop s to C an ad a

,
T h e i m m en se i ron .

cl ad Warrior su pp osed to b e i n vi n cibl e w as fitt e d o u t for servic e in h ast e

, , .

A rm st ron g an d VVh itw orth c an n on w e re p u rch ase d by th e sc ore ; an d p re

a ration s w ere m ad e for sen di n g v ari ou s c on spic u o u s b att e ri e s an d re gi m en t s
p

Th e Satur d a y R evi ew, on u te

1 e m em e rs of th e c d c d chi fl y by
i d w ith a bitt b B iti sh ari st c acy
r o r , sa er sn eer,

ic d b c ci
“Th e Am er an G ove rn m e n tis in th e o s ion of th e ru e oor
,
f i fi it p w p it f a ya c on s ou s o n n e o e rs o nno n e,

d it t lik
est u e a c pl
e of s ru e s an d of s am e, re o n n lyon bit ti f th t g a m w hich p di at
th e ar h c g izi g ra on o e s ron r , re u es

th app al t c d
e ea d p o o e s, th at mn c p l Stat w ill av i d d f ch a
resu mi g n twi th t a
, no ou re son , ore s ru u ou s es o or e er su n

a bit ati
r r a l g a v th y
on Th L
s on d Pu h g v i
se f it ca t
er e a pict
can p .
"
ti g th e on on nc a e, n on e o s r oo n s, u re re rese n n e

rel ativ p iti f th tw G v m ts at th t c i i Am ic a app d a a d i m i tiv bl t

e os on o e o o ern i th en a r s s. er e are s nu e us erer, n e

f m f a l av d i v a d ca yi g a A m ica fl ag B f h im i a h g E gli h ail i m p

or o s e- r er, n rr n ti g n er n . e ore s u e n s s or, e rson a n

G at B itai wh ay t th littl A m ica Y d w h t ight m y

re r n, o s s o I l l bl w y
e t f th
e er n, ou o a
‘
s r , son , o r
‘
o ou ou o e

w at N w mi d y ay B it t a m t c th A m ica C m m d h fiii g— a
” "
er . i o th ,
n ou, s r, s s e r on , o os u n ou er n o o ore no s u n n

am pl ap l gy — I w ill p t th m tt i t th h a d f m y l aw y M Whit w th a d A m t g ”
e o o or u e a er n o e n s o ers, essrs . or n r s ron ,

all d i g t th
u n p p l a ca
o i v t d by m f th t m a d th xt iv ly ma fact d i E gl d
e o u r n n on n en e en o a na e, n en e e ns e nu u re n n an ,

a d aft w
n d f i h d i c i d abl m b t th C f d at s
er ar urn s e n on s er e nu ers o e on e er e .
 THE WI SD O M OF J O HN BRI HT G .

to th e e xpe c te d
“seat of
B riti sh w ar .
”
It seem e d from th e acti on of th e
,

G o v e rn m en t an d th e t on e of th e u tt eran c es of m an y of th e B riti sh w rit ers

'

,
‘

an d sp e ak e rs th at th e ti m e h ad c om e w h en th e c al am ity o f civil w ar th at
,

h ad o ve rt ak e n th e R ep u blic of th e We st w as c on sid e re d En gl an d s op p or
’

tu n ity to h u m bl e h e r riv al An d it w as w ith i n fi n it e d e light th at th e c on .

s irators at Rich m on d c on t e m pl at e d th e p rob ability o f w ar b e tw ee n th e tw o

p
c ou n t ri e s for in th at e v e n t th e y fe lt su re of achi e vin g th e i n d ep en d e n c e of
,

th e C on fe d e racy an d p ro c urin g its re c o gn i ti on as a n ati on by th e p o w e rs of

,

Eu rop e .

Y et al l En gli shm en w ere n ot so u n g en e rou s an d m ad T h e g reat m ass .

of th e p eop l e— th e go vern ed cl ass of G reat B rit ai n — c on ti n u e d to fee l ki n dly

to w ard th e A m e ric an s an d th e re w ere l eadi n g m en w h o in th e q u aliti es of ,

‘
, ,

head an d h e art t ow e re d ab ov e th e c om m on l e v e l of al l soci ety in En gl an d as

,

Chi m b oraz o ri se s ab o v e th e c o m m on h e ight of th e A n d es w h o c om p reh e n d e d ,

th e ch aract e r o f o u r G o v e rn m en t th e c au se s of th e re b elli on an d th e w ar it , ,

w as m aki n g u p on th e right s of m an ; an d w ith a t ru e c ath olic an d Ch ri sti an

spi rit th e y re b u k e d th e se lfi sh n e ss

o f th e ru li n g cl ass Am on g th ese .
,

J oh n B right th e Qu ak e r an d e m i , ,

n en t B riti sh st at e sm an st oo d m o st ,

c on sp icu ou s I n th e m id st of th e .

t um u lt u ou s su rg e s of p op u l ar e xcit e
m e n t th at ro ck e d th e B riti sh i sl an d s
in D e c em b er an d J an u ary h is v o ic e , ,

in u n i son w ith th at of R ich ard

‘

C o bd e n w as h e ard c al m ly sp e aki n g
,

of right eou sn ess an d c oun se li n g

p e ac e H e app eare d as th e ch am
.

pi on of th e R ep u blic ag ai n st al l its
en em i es an d h is p ersu asi o n s an d
,

w arn i n g s w e re h e ard an d h ee d e d by
thou san d s o f h is c ou n t rym en All
J O HN
.

H
th rou gh th e w ar J oh n B right in
B RI G T .

,
.

E n gl an d an d C oun t de G asp arin in F ran c e st oo d forth c on spic u ou sly as th e

, ,
’

re p re se n t ativ e s of th e t ru e d e m o c racy in Am e ric a an d fo r th e i r b e n efi c en t ,

l ab ors th e y n ow rec e iv e th e b en e dicti on s of th e g oo d in al l l an d s .

T h e re w e re oth er m en in G re at B rit ai n w h o h ad an i n t e llig en t c on c e pti on

of th e m achi n e ry of ou r G o v e rn m en t an d w h o c ou ld n ot b e d e c e iv e d by th e ,

so phi st ri e s o f th e di scipl e s of C alh ou n i n t o a b e li e f th at th e arm e d e n e m i es

of th e R ep u blic w e re an l e ss re b e l s ag ai n st so v ere ig n au th ority th an w ou ld

y
a lik e b an d of i n su rg e n t s b e in L an c ashi re o r an c ou n ty of E n gl an d array e d
y , ,

1 In a S p ch ee in P a li am en t
h app p iati f th a my p
r i
on th e 1 7 th of Fb e ruar y , 1 86 2, w en ro r on s or e r ex e n ses n

th c e t m pl t d w w ith th U it d St t w
on e a e d c i d ati J h B ight ai d : A la g p ti f
ar e n e a es ere u n er on s er on, o n r s r e or on o

th p e pl f thi c t y i it a G v m t
eo e o s l G v m t ; t a G v m t l d by a m b a d
ou n r see n o e rn en , 11. re a o ern en no o e rn en ru e o ,
n

not G v 3 m t d i ga d i g l w T h y b li it i a G v m t t ggli g f th i t g ity f g at

o e rn en sre r n a . e e ev e s o e rn en s ru n or e n e r o a re

c t y T h y b li v it i a
oun r . t y w hich i th h m f v y m a wh wa t a h m a d m v th y
e e e e s cou n r s e o e o e er n o n s o e, n oreo er e

b li v thi —th at th g at t f l l c i m w hich a y p pl i th hi t y f th w l d h a v b

e e e s e re es o a r es n eo e n e s or o e or s e er ee n con

t d w ith—th k pi g i l v y f m illi f h m a b i g —is i th p vid c f a P w v y

‘

n ec e e ee n n s a er o ur on s o n e n s n e ro en e o o er er
u ,

m ch high
u th th t f th P i m Mi i t f E gla d
er an f th P
a i d t f th U it d Stat m a chi g
o e r e n s er o n n ,
or o e re s en o e n e es, r n on ,

a I b li v
s et it eti b liti
e, o s en re a o on .
”

S t 4 pag 569 v l m I
ee no e ,
e , o u e .
 HAS TE or T HE BRIT IS H G O V ERN MENT .

a g ai n st th e C ro wn T h e y w e ll u n d erst ood th at if th e Am e ric an i n su rg en t s

.
,

w h ose fath e rs h e lp e d to form th e R e p u b l ic w hich th e y w e re t ryi n g to d e stroy ,

an d w h o h ad p erfe ct e q u ality in p u blic aff ai rs w ith th e w h o l e n ati on c ou ld ,

b e j u stifi e d in reb e llin g ag ai n st it th e I ris h p eopl e— a c on qu ere d n ati on an d , ,

m ad e a p art of G reat B rit ai n ag ai n st th e i r w ill — h ad th e fu ll est w arran t for

reb e lli n g ag ai n st th eir E n gli sh c on q u e rors at an y an d at al l tim e s A m on g .

th ese m en w e fi n d th e n am e s of J oh n St u art Mill Professo rs G old w i n S m ith ,

an d J E C ai rn es R ev B apti st N oe l He n ry Vi n c en t L ay ard th e em in en t
. .
,
.
, , ,

East ern t rav e l e r th e e l oqu en t y ou n g O D on ou gh u e an d o th ers l ess c on

,
’
,
l

s ic u ou s ; w hil e L ord B rou gh am w h o f o r sixty y e ars w as an opp on e n t o f

p ,

sl av e ry an d w as k n ow n to b e th oro u ghly c o n v ersan t w ith th e st ru ct u re o f

,

ou r G ov e rn m e n t an d an ad mi re r o f its p ractic al w o rkin g s fo ll o w i n g th e l ead

, ,

of th e spi rit of h is cl ass t o o k sid es w ith th e sl av e h old ers an d said m ost , ,

u n ki n d w ord s K i n gl ak e th e em in en t au th or an d m em b er of Parli am en t
.
, ,
“
an n ou n c e d as a p rin cipl e w hich h e h ad al way s en f orc e d th at in th e p o licy
”
, ,

o f stat e s a sen ti m en t n e v e r c an g o v e rn th at id e as of right j u stic e p hil an , ,

th rop y or c om m on h u m an ity sh ou ld h av e n o i n fl u e n c e in th e d e ali n g s of on e

,

n ati on w ith an oth e r b ec au se th e y are al m ost al w ay s g o v ern e d by th e i r

,
”
g re at in t e re st s w hich h e th ou ght to b e a sou n d p ri n cipl e ; w hil e T h om as
,

C arlyl e th e c old G othiciz er of th e E n glish l an g u ag e di sm i sse d th e w h ol e

, ,

m att er w ith an u n in t e lligibl e sn eer .

T h e B ri ti sh G o v ern m en t acti n g up on ex p arte an d as w as afterw ard , ,

fou n d to b e u nre li abl e t e sti m on y in th e pe rson of C apt ain Willi am s t re at e d

, ,

th e p roc ee di n g s o n b oard o f th e Tren t as

' “ an ac t o f vi o l en c e w hich w as an

aff ro n t to th e B riti sh fl ag an d a vi ol ati on of i n t e rn ati o n al l aw an d as so o n

as th e l aw o ffi c e rs of th e C row n h ad form ally p ron ou n c e d it so ,

N 6 80 ov “
L o rd J oh n R u sse ll th e F ore ig n S e c re t ary sen t a l e tt e r by
.
,
a , , ,
1 86 1 .

(
sp e ci al Q u e en s m e ssen g e r C ap tai n S e m ou r
)
’
to L or d Ly on s th e
y , ,

B riti sh Am b assad o r atWashin gt on au th orizi n g h is Lord ship to d em an d from ,

th e G ov e rn m en t of th e U n it e d St at es th e libe rati on of th e c ap tiv es an d th e i r

re st orati on to th e p rot e cti on of th e B ritish fl ag an d
“ a su i tabl e ap o l o gy fo r ,
”
th e agg re ssi on s w hich h ad b ee n c om mitt e d at th e sam e ti m e e xp re ssi n g a ,

h 0p e th at th at G o v ern m e n t w ou ld of its o w n acc ord offer su ch re dre ss , , ,

”
w hi ch al on e c ou ld sati sfy th e B riti sh n ati on ?
O n th e sam e day w h en Earl R u sse ll d at e d his di sp atch to Lo rd
b N 80 ov
Ly on s Mr S e w ard th e S ec ret ary of St at e in a c on fi d e n ti al n o t e
”
. .

,
.
, ,

to Mr Ad am s th e Am eri can M in i ste r in Lo n d on all u d e d to th e aif air an d

3
.
, , ,

l “Th e O D on ou h u ec ll d w f '
f th m t ci t f m ili i I l d H w l
as h e w as a e as o on e o e os an en a es n re an e
g , ,
. as e ss

th a thi ty y a f g t th t ti m f g t b a ty i f m d f at p li h d i m
n r e rs o a e a l q t i p ch
a e, o re a e u n or an e u re, o s e n an n e rs, e o ue n n s ee ,

o f p v ro c g a d a m f th p pl i h i i ti ct I th g t R t d i D bli thi m b l d ly
en oura e , n an o e eo e n s ns n s . n e rea o un a n u n, s an o

d cl a d t a a d i c f
e re op aft n th c pti f th
u en w f th T
e o taff i th t if w h l de rson s, er e re e on o e ne s o e ren a r, a ar s ou

c m I l a d w ld b f w d th e id f A m i a T hi d cl a ati wa c iv d w ith th m t v h m t
o e, re n ou e o n on s eo er c . s e r on s re e e e os e e en

appl au se

L d J h R
2 or ll t w ith h i di patch th f ll w i g p iv t t t L d Ly : Sh l d M S w d
o n u sse sen s s e o o n r a e no e o or on s ou r. e ar

a k f
s d l y i d that thi g v a d pai f l m tt h l d b d lib at ly c i d d y w ill c
or e a ,
n or e r s tra e n n u a e r s ou e e er e on s e re , ou on se n

t a d l ay
o t xc d i g
e v day If t th d f that ti m
no e ee a w ni giv se if a y th
en w i s . a e en o e no ns er s en , o r n o er an s er s

giv xc pt th at f c m pli a c w ith th d m d f H M j ty G v m t y l d hip i i t ct d

en e e o a o n e e e an s o er a es
’
s o e rn en ,
ou r or s s n s ru e

t l av W hi gt
o e e w ith all th m m b
as f y l g ti b i i g w ith y th a chiv f th l g ti
n on , e e ers o our e a on , r ng n ou e r es o e e a on ,

an dt pai i m m d i at ly t L d ; it h w v y h l d b f pi i th at th q i m ts f He
o re r e e o on on ,
o e e r, ou s ou e o o n on e re u re en o r

M j ty G v m t a b ta tially c m pli d w ith y m a p t th f ct t H Maj ty G v m t

a es
’
s o e rn en re su s n o e , ou y re or e a s o er es
’
s o e rn en

for th i c i d ati a d mai aty p t till y

e r on s erc iv f th o n, d “ n re n o ur os ou re e e ur e r or e rs .

S p g 607 v l m I
ee a e , o u e .
 srocx S PECULATI O N S .
1 61

m en tion e d th e fact th at d s on th e su bj e ct h ad p asse d b et we en him se lf n o w or

an d th e B riti sh m i n i st e r an d th at h e sh ou ld say n othi n g u n til ad vi se d o f th e ,

acti o n o f th e B riti sh G o v e rn m e n t in th e m att e r At th e sam e ti m e h e c all e d .

Mr Ad am s s att en ti on to th e fact th at C apt ai n Wilk es did n ot act u n d er

’ ‘

in st ru ctio n s fro m his G o v e rn m en t an d th ere fore th e su bj e ct w as free from m u ch ,

e m b arrassm e n t Mr S e ward e xp re ssed a h op e th at th e B riti sh G ov e rn m e n t

. .

w o u ld c on sid er th e su bj e ct in a fri e n dly t e m p e r an d d e cl are d th at it m ight ,

e x p e ct th e b est di sp ositi o n on th e p art o f th e G o v e rn m en t of th e U n it e d

St ate s He gav e Mr Ad am s l eav e to re ad h is n ot e so i n dic ativ e of a d esi re

. .
,

to p re serv e a g oo d u n d e rst an di n g w ith th e C abi n e t o f S t J am e s to E arl R u sse ll .

,

an d Lo rd Pa l m e rst on (the Pri m e Mi n ist e r) if h e sh ou ld de e m it ,

e xp e di e n t Mr Ad ams did so a n d ye t th e B riti sh G o v ern m e n t

. .
,
‘
,

with thi s v o l u n t ary assur an c e th at a sati sfac to ry arran g e m en t of

th e di ffi c u lti e s m ight b e m ad e c on ti n u ed to p re ss o n its w arlik e m e asures ,

w ith vig or to th e al arm and di stre ss of th e p eo pl e ,

‘
Th e fact th at su c h .

assu ran ce h ad re ac h e d th e G o ve rn m en t was n ot o n ly su pp ressed b u t w h en , ,

ru m o rs of it w ere whi spe red it w as s e m i offi cial l

y d e n i ed A n d w h e n th e
,
-
?

fact c ou ld n o l o n g e r b e c on c eale d it w as by th e sam e au th ority affi rm e d , , , ,

with o u t a sh ad o w of j u sti ce tha t Mr Ad am s h ad supp re sse d it at th e sam e ,

.
,

tim e su gg e sti n g as a re aso n th at th e min i st er m ight p ro fit by th e p ur ch ase

, ,

of A m eric an st o ck s at p an ic p ric e s T h e m ost ab su rd st ori es c on c e rn i n g th e

8
.

t G al Sc tt w a i Pari s at th ti m f th a iv al f th w f th e capt
L i t
e u e n an -
e n er o f th s n e e o e rr o e ne s o u re o e con

sp i at r H w t a d p bli h d a very j d ici

o rs. e l tt ( D
ro e ni w hi ch h gav a u a c f f i dl
s e f l u ou s e er ec . n e e ssur n e o r en y ee

i gt w d G
n o t B it i
ar th p a t f th G v m t f th U it d Stat B t th i m i di ial d cl ati
re a r a n on e r o e o e rn en o e n e e s. u s se -
o c e ar on

f m high a
ro so c w t all w d t h av a y w ight
sou r e as n o o e o e n e .

L tt f Ch l e F ci Ad m t M S wa d J a a y i 7th 1 869
er o ar es ran s a s o r . e r ,
nu r , .

L tt f Ch l e F a ci Ad am t M S w a d J a y 1 7th 1 862 A i ci d t cc d thi i d f

er o ar es r n s s o r . e r ,
an u r , . n n en o urre on s s e o

th A tl
e tic i c cti with th T taff i a d t ck p c l ati w hich gav e i t m ch c m m t D
an n on n e on e ren a r, n s o s e u on s, r se o u o en . r .

R ll th c
u sse p d t f th L d Tim ( p ag 858 v l m L) w a th i Wa hi gt City a d
, e orre s on en o e on on es see e , o u e , s en n s n on , n

re m ai d th f
ne m ti m H h ad
e re p i t tly d i pa ag d th N ti l G v m t a d it pp t
o r so e e . e so ers s e n s r e e a on a o ern en n s su or e rs,

a d p d ict d d d
n re cc f th b lli with a a t
e su e ssw hich i orica t t h w i h th
e re e t i “f th t th on n e rn e s ne ss n e e s a s a er o e

th ght “that th
ou , fi di g c t y w hich h ad b e co nh w h im by th N ti l a th iti w a w ith d aw
n o ur e s een s o n e a on a u or es s r n .

H wa e w it w s noai d i daily a d i ti m at i t c
, as swi th L d L y , O
n th 26th f D c m b Sc n n e n e r o u rse or on s . n e o e e e r, e re

t y S w d c mm
or e icat d t th at Mi i t h i l tt
ar o un ci g th at M a a d Sli d ll w l d b giv p t
e o n s er s e e r an n ou n n so n n e ou e en u o

th B iti h G v
e r m t T h fact w
s i t d d t b k pt i m t p f d c cy f m th p blic f th
o e rn en . e as n en e o e e n os ro o u n se re ro e u or e

m m t; b t
o en th f ll w i g d y R u ll p
on d f th c t w a all w d t t l g aph t a t ck p c l a
e o o n a usse . o ssesse o e se re , s o e o e e r o s o s e u

t i N w Y k : A ta th
or n e gh y h a d m v y g d w s f y
or c lf a d f m a
s ou a y g t ou e r so e er oo ne or ou rse n or e, s soon s ou e

thi A t that ti m
s
.
"1
p ati i N w Y k i G v m t t ck w active a d m
e, o er on s tiv T h n e or ,
n o e rn en s o s, ere n re un e ra e . o se

t ck h d b
s o s d p d by th m ac f wa W d tha t w l d giv a a c f p ac w l d d th m
a e en e ress e e en es o r . or s ou e ssur n e o e e ou sen e

u p Th
. h ad b p k i c t ; a d th fi t m w h w a all w d t p fit by th m p c i ily w a a
ese e en s o en n se re n e rs an o s o e o ro e e un ar s

B iti h bj ct a p
r s su ta tiv of th B iti h j al i th i t t f th Cr w m t b i v f th A m i
e , re re se n e e r s ourn n e n e re s o e o n, os a us e o e er

ca np pl a d w h w a th i i ti m t l ati w ith th B i ti h m b y Wh t i till m

eo e, n o s en t g i th
n n a e re on s e r s e ass . a s s o re s ran e s e
f a t th at i vi l ti
c f a p itiv
, n d t th C o a f th P
on o sa d T l g ph atWashi gt t pp al l
os e or e r o e e n sor o e re s n e e ra n on , o su re ss

c mm
o ic ti c c i g th T t affai thi d i patch p lp bly b d d wi th c t ab d i f m ti
un a on o n e rn n e r en r, s s , so a a ur e n e on r an n or a on ,

w a all w d t b
s o t f ty n m i t aft th d f pp i w a c i v d Still m
e o e sen or -
ve t a g i th nu es er e or e r or su re ss on s re e e . ore s r n e s e

fact that w hil th p t f th P w

, e tall w d t
e re d a y d i patch f all f which th y w
or e rs o e re ss ere n o o e o sen n s e s, or o e e re

ad y t p y th back f t h fav d D R ll m ag ( th igi al i w b f th a th ) w ’

re o a , on e o e ore r. us se s ess e e or n s no e ore e u or ere

th w d w itt i p cil : M R ll m ag a f by d f M S f d w h wa th C
ese or s, r en n en r. u sse
‘
s ess es re ree , or er o r. an or ,
”
o s e e n so r.

F a f th
or l ci d ti f thi bj ct
ur er e u th R p t f t h e J d i ia y C mm itt
a on o
f th H s su
eo f R p a e , see e e or o u c r o ee o e ou s o r
se nta ti th C hip f th P s at Wa hi gt
ves, on e e n sors o e re s s n on .

W th w d calc l t d t k p p th xci t m t a d ala m an d wa lik m a

i or s u a e o th th i d f th
ee u e e e en n r ,
r e e sure s on e o er s e o e

A tl tic a d till f th
an , t d p n th t ck f th U it d Stat R ll w t t th L d M s th
s ur er o e re ss e s o s o e n e e s, usse ro e o e on on e , on e
day w h h i p fitabl d i p atch wa
en s t t N w Y k f e ayi g :“A I w i t th i a m that M
ro e s s sen o e or re , s n s r e ere s ru or e ssrs.

Sli d ll d Me a ant b d d I f it b t thi G v m t i b k p T h i m ch i

ason re o e su rre n ere . e ru e, s o ern en s ro en u . ere s so u v o
l c
en e o f pi it am g th l w s d r f th p pl a d th y ar
on ig a t f v y thi g xc pt th i w
e o er o r e rs o e
‘
eo e, n e e so nor n o e er n e e e r o n

p litic a d pa i
o s at at d with p i d
n a d v a ity
ss on s, so sthat an y h abl c c i ur v i thi h
e f r e n n , on or e on e ss on , e en n s o ur o

e xt m ity w l d p v fatal t it a th
re ,
ou I tw l d c tai ly
ro d th m
e p p l a th at i t w l d d am ag
o s u o rs. ou er n ren er e so u n o u r ou e

th m i th c d ct f thi ci vil wa H h ad al ad y v t d t m ak m a y p d icti

e n e on u o s f vil t th R p b r.
”
e re en ure o e n re on s o e o e e u

li c S. a ly a th p vi Ap il h h ad sai d t E p th u gh th Tim “Th Uni i g f v

o e r s e re ou s r d e o u ro e , ro e es, e on s on e ore er, an

n i att m pt will b m ad by th N o th to sav e it In A gu t h e had said “G en al b a k up tcy i

o se r ou s e e e e r .
”
u s ,
er n r s

Von I L—l l .
1 62 CO N SI S TEN C Y or THE G O E V R NMENT .

t em p er of th e A m e ric an G ov e rn m en t c alcu l at e d to i n fl am e th e p u bli c m i n d ,

an d e xcit e a w arlik e spi rit w e re p u t forth su c h a s th e fo ll ow in g p arad e d , , ,

c on spic u ou sly in th e c ol u m n s of th e L on d on T im es
D u ri n g th e vi sit of th e P ri n c e of Wal es to A m eric a Mr S e w ard t ook ,
.

adv an t ag e of an e n t e rt ai n m en t to th e P ri n c e to t e ll th e D u k e o f N e w c astl e

h e w as lik e ly to o cc u py a high offic e ; th at w h e n h e did so it w ou ld b e c om e

”
h is d u ty to i n su lt En gl an d an d h e sh o u ld i n su lt h e r acc ordi n gly ,
.

I n th e m e an ti m e E arl R u sse ll s d em an d w as c om m u n i c at e d to th e G ov
’
,

ern m en t at Washin gt on It p ro d u c e d m u ch i n dig n ati on in th e p u blic m i n d ,

an d th e re w as a g e n e ral di sp o siti o n to giv e a fl at re fu sal T h e l eg ality of .

C apt ain Wilk e s s ac t w as n ot d ou bt e d by e xp e rt s in i n t e rn ati on al l aw B ri

’
.

ti sh p re c e d en t s w e re all in fav or of it ; an d e v en a w rit e r in th e L on d on

T im es tw o d ay s b e fore th e d at e o f Earl R u sse ll s di sp atch ad m itt e d thi s
’
, ,

fact an d c om pl ai n e d on ly of th e i n f orm ality o f C apt ai n Wilk e s in t aki n g

, ,

th e
“ Am b assad ors ou t of th e Tren t i n st e ad of t aki n g th e ship it se lf w ith ,

al l on b o ard i n t o p ort to h av e th e c ase adj u dic at e d in a c ou rt o f ad m i ralty

,
.

S u ch w as a fe at u re of th e d e ci si on in th e c ase of th e l aw ofiicers of th e ,
“
c row n in all u di n g to w hich Mr Ad am s said In oth e r w o rd s G re at B rit ain .
, , ,
”1
w ou ld h av e b e e n l e ss off e n d e d if th e U n it e d St at e s h ad i n su lt e d h e r m ore .

I n o pp ositi on to p op u l ar fe e li n g an d Opi n i o n th e G o v e rn m e n t d e cid e d to ,

rest ore M ason an d Slid e ll to th e p ro t e cti o n o f th e B riti sh fl ag ; an d th e

S e c ret ary of St at e in a v e ry abl e l e tt e r to Mr Ad am s for th e e ar of th e

,
.
,

B riti sh G ov e rn m en t di sc u sse d th e su bj e ct in th e light in w hich th e Pre si

,

de n t h ad vi e w e d it fro m th e b e gi n n i n g He c o rre ct e d th e m i sre p rese n t ati on s .

o f C apt ai n Willi am s as to th e fact s o f th e c apt u re d e cl arin g th at C apt ai n ,

Wilk es w as n ot acti n g u n d e r i n st ru c tion s fro m h is G o v ern m en t b u t on ly

’
,
“u p on h is o w n su gg e sti o n s o f d u ty “th at n o ord e rs h ad b ee n giv en to
”
an y o n e fo r th e arre st o f th e fo u r p e rso n s n am ed an d th at th e U n it e d St at e s ,

h ad n o p u rp ose o r th o ught o f d o i n g an y thi n g w hich c ou ld aff e ct in an y

”
w ay th e se n sibiliti e s o f th e B riti sh n ati o n .

T h e n w ith th e Q u ee n s p ro cl am ati on in m i n d Mr S e w ard sp ok e of th e

’
.
, ,
“
c aptiv e s as p ret e n d e d Mi n i st e rs Pl e n ip ot e n ti ary u n d e r a p re t en d e d c om ,

m i ssi on from J e ff e rson D avi s w h o h ad assu m e d to b e p re siden to f th e i n sar ,

rec tion ar
y p art y in th e U n it e d St at e s an d so p u blicly av o w e d by h im an d , ,

arg u e d th at it w as fai r to p re su m e th at th e y h ad c arri e d p ap e rs k n o w n in

l aw as di sp atch e s He al so st at e d th at it w as assert e d by c o m p e t e n t au th o
.
3

rity th at su ch di sp atch e s h avi n g e sc ap e d th e se arch w e re act u ally c arri e d

, ,

to E n gl an d an d d e liv e re d to th e e m i ssari e s of th e c on spi rat o rs th ere

, al so ,

i vi tabl a d Ag a i a d S ci ali t i t m y b xp ct d p tty

ne e. n r r n an H h ad d cl a d
o l at a D 28d
s r o s a e e e e re soon .
”
e e re , so e s e c. ,

th t S d ld f “ th p t f h i G v d M a d Sli d ll a d th i c
a M w a
r. w e r ou m t tre use , o n e ar o s o ern en , o su rre n er ason n e n e r se re

ta ir es d i th fi t d y
an nf 1 862 h eai d
“T h fat
rs f th Am ic a G v
a s o m t w ill b al d if J a ua y
, e s ,
e e o e er n o ern en e se e n r
p assesw ith t m g t vict y
ou so e re a or .
”

M A d am t M S w a d N
1 r
. s 29 th 1 861
o r . e r ,
o v. , .

Captai Wilk
9
i d i a c d d i p atch t th S c ta y f th e Na y th at h ca f lly x am i d all th
n es sa n se o n s o e e re r o v , e re u e ne e
a th
u i ti s i t ati al l w at h a d— K t Wh at Vatt l a d th d ci i
or e on n e rn on a f B i ti h j d g i thn en , e e n, e , n e e s on s o r s u es n e
ad m i alty cr t —w hich b
our s p th ight a d p ibiliti f t al K wi g th t th G v
ore u on e r s n re s o n s es o n eu r s
. no n a e o e rn

m t en s o f G at B i tai F a c Spai a d P t gal had ack w l d g d th C f d at a b llig ts d

re r n, r n e, n, n or u no e e e on e er es s e ere n ,
an

th t th p t f th p w w
a e or s o p t th i v l a d aid a d p t cti w giv th m h b li v d
ese o ers ere o en o e r esse s, n n ro e on e re en e , e e e e

th t th T t b a i g ag ts f that call d b llig t cam

a e ren , e r n d th e p ati
en o f th l aw f th ight so- e e ere n , e un er o er on s o e o e r
o f a ch
se r .

S 3
t 2 pag 1 56
ee n o e , e .

T hi
4
vic f th C f d at s wa p formed it is ai d by Captai Will iams R N H M aj ty s
s se r e or e on e er e s er , s , n , . .
, er es
‘

on ly p se tative n th e Tren t
re re n o .
 MR . S EWARD S ARG UMENT '

.
1 63

th at th e assum e d ch aract ers an d p ur p ose s of M ason an d Slid e ll w ere w e ll

kn o w n to th e offic e rs of th e T ren t i n cl u di n g C apt ai n Willi am s , .

Havin g p re p are d th e w ay for ar u m en t th e S e c re t ary en t ere d u p o n it g ,

by a c on sid erati on of th e in q ui ri e s : f i rst We re th e p e rson s n am e d an d th e i r

“
,

su pp o se d di sp atch e s c o n t rab a d o f w ar
n
"
S ec on d Might C apt ai n Wilk e s ,

l awfu lly st o p an d se arch th e Wen t for th e se c on t rab an d p e rson s an d dis

p atch e s ? T h zrd D id h e e x e rci se th at right in a l aw fu l an d p rop er m an n e r ?
'

F ou rth Havi n g fo u n d th e c o n t rab an d p erson s o n b o ard an d in p e rso n al

, ,

p o ssessi on o f th e c on trab an d disp atch e s h ad h e a right to c apt u re th e p e r ,

son s ? E fl h D id h e e x erci se th e right of c apt u re in th e m an n e r all ow e d

,

an d rec o g n iz e d by th e l aw o f n ati on s ? If al l th e se i n q u i ri e s sh all b e re

so lv e d in th e affi rm ativ e
”
said th e S e c re t ary
“ th e B riti sh G o v ern m en t w ill
, ,
”
hav e n o cl ai m fo r re p arati on .

T h e se q u e sti o n s e xc e pti n g th e l ast w ere affi rm ativ e ly arg u e d by th e

, ,

Se c re t ary w ith th e assum pti on th at th e B riti sh d oct ri n e w as c orre ct T h e

, .

c o n cl u si on from h is re ason i n g w as i n e vit abl e th at e v e ry thi n g h ad b e en d on e ,

in st rict c onf o rmity to th e l aw on th e su bj e ct o f ne u t ral s as e xp o u n d e d by ,

B ri ti sh au th ority e xc e pti n g th e fail u re of C apt ai n ‘Vilk os to e x erci se th e

,

right o f c apt u re in th e m an n er all o w e d an d re c o g n iz e d by th e l aw of n ati o n s .

He re th e S e c re t ary fran kl y ad m itt e d th at th e re h ad b e en a fat al i rre g u l arity .

T o m ee t th e re q u i re m e n t s o f law Wilk e s sh ou ld h av e b e en l ess g e n e rou s an d ,

h u m an e ‘
It w as h is b u si n e ss to c apt u re l aw fu lly b u t it w as th at o f a c ou rt
.
,

o f ad m i ralty to d e cid e u p o n th e q u e sti on o f h old in g th e v esse l o r its c o n t e n t s

as a l aw fu l p ri ze It w as n ot fo r th e c apt or to d et erm i n e th e m att er on th e

.

d eck of h is v e sse l .

Havi n g c on cl u d e d his arg u m e n t w hich B riti sh j u ri st s an d p u blici st s an d , ,

th e p ractic e o f th e B ri ti sh G o v e rn m e n t ad m itt e d w as u n an sw e rabl e th e , ,

Se c re t ary aft e r b ri e fly s umm i n g u p in an i n te rrog at o ry th e i n i q u it ou s fe at u re s

,

o f th e
“ right of se arch
”
so st ric tly m ai n t ai n e d by th e B ri ti sh said :
“ If I
, ,

d ec id e t h i s c ase in fav o r of m y o w n G ov e rn m e n t I m u st di sall ow its ,

m o st ch e ri sh e d p ri n cipl e s an d re v e rse an d fore v e r ab an d o n its e ssen ti al

,

p olicy T h e c o u n t ry c an n o t aff o rd th e sac rific e If I m ai n t ai n th ese p ri n

. .

c ip l es an d adh e re to th at p o licy I m u st su rre n d er th e c ase i tse l f It w ill b e,

.

see n th e re fo re th at thi s G o v e rn m e n t c o u ld n o t d e n y th e j u stic e o f th e cl ai m s

, ,

p rese n t e d to u s in thi s re sp e ct u p o n its m e rit s We a re asked to do to th e ,

.

B r itish n ation jus tw h atwe h a ve al way s in sisted a l l n ations ou gh t to do u n to

”
us . Th e Se c re t ary add e d th at if th e safe ty of th e U n i on re q uire d th e de ,

t e n ti on o f th e c on spirat o rs it w ou ld b e th e du ty o f th e G o v e rn m en t to d e t ai n
,

th em ; b u t th e c on diti on of th e re b e l li on “ as w e ll as th e c om p arativ e u n i m ,
”
p ort an c e of th e c apt u re d p erson s th e m se lv e s h e said h appily fo rb ad e h im , ,

from resort i n g to th at d e f n se He c on ti n u e d by d e lic at e ly all u di n g to th e

e
.

i nj uri e s i n flict e d on h is c ou n t ry m e n by th e B ri ti sh in th e p ast wh en ox e r ,

ci si n g p ow er in th e m an n e r th e y n o w c om pl ai n e d of an d said : It w ou ld “
,

1
I n h is s a d i p tch ptai Wilk ai d it w a h i d t mi ati t tak p
to th e e re ar or th e Na , C a Sc t y vy n es s s s e er n on o e os

i
sess o n o r th e Tren t d
, an d se n h e r to Ke y Wes as a r
t p iz f i ti g th a ch a d c yi g th A m ba e, or re s s n e se r ,
n arr n ose s

h
sado rs, w om h e c d d
o n si ere
‘
b d i t d i patch
as th e e m o m e n of s b t th d c d mb f hi ffic a d es u e re u e nu er o s o ers n

c w a d th l a g m b f pa g
re , n e r e nu b a d b d t E m p w h w l d b p tt g t i c v i c
er o s se n e rs o n o r o un o u e, o ou e u o rea n on en en e

in no t b i g abl t j i th
e n t m f m St T h m t E p “d ci d d h im t ll w th m t p c d
e o o n e s ea er ro . o as o uro e, e e o a o e o ro ee .
”

T hi w ak p i t i th p c di
s e o n wa nti c d by th S c ta y of th Navy b th i h i c g at lat y l tt r
e ro ee ngs s no e e e re r e , o n s on r u or e e

t Captai Wilk
o a d hi A
n al R p rt
es n s n nu e o .
1 64 SURR E NDE R or M AS O N AN D SLIDELL .

t e ll littl e for ou r cl ai m s to th e ch aract er of a j u st an d m ag n an im ou s p eopl e ‘

if w e sh ou ld so far c on se n t to b e g u id e d by th e l aw of re t ali ati o n as to li ftu p

b u ri e d i nj u ri es from th e i r g rav es to o pp ose ag ai n st w h at n ati on al c on si st en c y
an d th e n ati o n al c on sci en c e c o m p e l u s to re g ard as a cl ai m i n t ri n si cally right .

Pu tti n g b e hi n d m e al l su gg esti on s of thi s ki n d I p refer to e xp re ss m y sati s ,

facti on th at by th e adj u st m en t of th e p re sen t c ase u p on p rin cipl e s c on fe sse d

,

to b e A m e ric an an d y e t as I t ru st m u t u ally sati sfact ory to b o th o f th e

, , ,

n ati on s c on c e rn e d a q u esti on is fi n ally an d l i ghtly se ttl e d b et w e en t h e m

"

w hich h e re t o fore e xh au sti n n o t on ly al l form s o f p e ac e fu l di sc u ssi on b u t

,
g
,

al so th e arbit ram e n t o f w ar it se lf for m ore th an h alf a c e n t u ry ali en at e d ,

th e tw o c o u n t ri e s fro m e ach o th e r an d p e rpl e x e d w ith fears an d ap p re h e n ,

”
si on s al l oth e r n ati o n s .

T h e S e c ret ary th en an n o u n c e d th at th e fo u r p erson s c on fi n e d at F o rt

Warre n w ou ld b e ch eerfu lly lib er
“
”
at e d an d re q u e st e d L ord Ly on s to ,

i n dic ate th e ti m e an d pl ac e for

c e in n
’

g th em T h e l att er o rd e re d th e .

B ri ti sh gu n b oat R in al do to p ro c ee d I
-

to P ro vi n c e t o w n M assach u se tt s fo r , ,

th at p u rp ose w h ere on th e l st o f , ,

J an u ary 1 8 6 2 th e p ri son ers w e re de , ,

liv e red to th e p rot e cti on o f th e B riti sh

fl ag T h e y w e re c on v e y e d fi rst to .

Be rm u d a an d th en to St T h om as, , .

w h e re th e y e m b ark e d fo r E n gl an d ,

an d arriv e d at S ou th am pt on on th e

2 9 th o f th e sam e m on th 1
.

S o b egan an d e n d e d in th e sp ac e ,

o f e ighty th re e d ay s th e e v en t k n ow n -
,

as
“ th e fl en t aff ai r
”
w hich c ost G re at B rit ai n te n m illi on s of d oll ars fo r
,

u n n e c e ssary w arlik e p re p arati on s an d th e p e opl e o f th e tw o n ati o n s c o n ,

c ern e d fo u r ti m es th at am o un t in c on se q u e n c e o f th e deran g e m e n t o f th e i r ,

i n d u st ri al op erati on s Whil e th e resu lt w as fii l l of p rom i se of g oo d for th e

.

tw o n ati on s it w as p re g n an t w ith p ro m i se s of di sast er to th e c on spi rat ors

,

an d th e i r c au se It w as so u n e xp e ct e d an d di sc ou ragi n g to th em an d th e i r
.

sy m p athiz ers in A m eric a an d G re at B rit ai n w h o h o pe d for an d c on fid e n tly ,

e xpe ct e d a w ar b e t w een th e tw o G o v e rn m en ts that w ou ld re d o u n d to th e

1 Wh en
cap tiv s c l d l g r se ve a p litical
t
he e ou no on e r o p p f th li g cl a i G at B i tai th y
u r ose or e ru n ss n re r n, e

san k i t th i p p i ig ifi a
n o e r d a ag ro l l er ns n c n ce , an , s e n era ru e, M a w a t t d with c t
so n c t m pt by th
s rea e o ur eo u s on e e

p blic a th iti a d c ltiv at d p pl v y w h

u u or es Thn u e eo e e er ere . e L iv p l P t i m i t
er a ti g th
oo v xam pl f th
os , n e se e rer e e o e

L d on M s gav th f ll wi g c t m pt
on o ,’ tic e e o o n on e u ou s n o e o f th i a iv l w hich
e r cca i th y w al m t
rr a , on o s on e ere os

ti c d :“M srs M a a d Sli d ll h av a iv d Al

u n no e es . so n n e e rr e . re ad y th v w k h e h av h k t th i
se en ee s
’
eroe s e s r un o e r

n at l d i m i a d th app h i
u ra xp
e n s on s, d by n e re e n s on s e re sse th L d e Tim byon lv a d by th j
on es, ourse e s, n o er ou r

n al l t th y h l d h av a t i m ph ] c pti al ad y
s, es e s ou e r u s re e on , re se e m ab d s su r .
”

t i l id h y
Th e Times, in b t th m t w th l
an edi or a b y i l d b p ib l t t tf m th j f h
sa t e w ere a ou e os or ess oo t
”
t w ou e oss e o ex rac ro e aw s o t e
l i f i g M d i th m h l di g vil f G t B it i f m y y
,

Am i er can on , or t reco n n d h p m
e t fd e d b h
ea n re ers o rea r a n or an ears, an t e ro oten '
o iscor etw ee n t e
t G
wo m ah p i g th
o v e rn by
ent b i g w
o h n h pp ity f h
ere pi
to g i t th R p b l i w
r n on ld b p t d
ar, w en t e o ortun or t e con s rat
ors a a ns e e u c ou e resen e .

T h T m h p d E gli h m
e i es o e ld l t h f l l
n s it ll d th m
en l
w ou “E l d w l d h v d
g e j t
t m h i
e e id f ”
o w s, as ca e e a on e. n an ou a e on e us us uc
”
t sa or

t h C fd y f i
, , ,

T i l d b th i d ig ti d l m th ig i fi t f p li y h
T h Ri h m d E q
”
tw o n e roes
g g g p d h s an ua e gh ro u ce o n na on an a ar rou ou t e o n e erac or t w as s n can o a o c on te
fG
,

p art o t B it i i f v f ti
rea r a n i f n a or o ien id E gl d m y di h h lf if h ill Sh
re n on - n te r e re n ce. e c on n u re r sa , n an a s on or erse s e w . e

m ypa fh l t h
rov e d ty if h se h o Th k H
er u w d p d t p h d h
oose. ill t ff t an eaven , e are n ot w
‘

s e c e en en u on er, an er cou rse no a ec ours.

J h B l l i ly im l w k b t h g t it d h w w t f p ti l
o n u n a sur an a , e now , w ll
u
g dm su c ra u ous ru en ess s o s a an o rac ca sense as e as oo an ua l .”
 ENEMIE S or T HE G O V ERN MENT HO PEFUL .
1 65

b en efit of th e in surg en t s th at th e y c o u ld n ot c on c eal th e ir ch ag ri n an d disap ,

p oi n tm en t T h e y h ad t ri e d to fan th e fl am e of di sc ord b et w ee n th e C abi n e t s

.

o f Washi n gt on an d L on d o n In E n gl an d Liv e rp ool w as th e fo c u s of effort s .

,

in aid of th e re be lli on T h e re th e fri e n d s of th e c on spi rat ors h e ld .

a m ee tin g
l
w hich w as p re sid e d o v er by J am e s S pe n c e w h o for
"
, , ,
.

a t im e w as th e fi sc al age n t o f th e C on fe d erat es an d a bitt e r

,

e n e m y of th e R e p u blic O n tha t o cc asi on th e ac t of Wilk e s w as d en ou n c e d.

as a gross vi o l ati on o f th e h on or of th e B riti sh fl a f or w hich acc o rd in g to

g , ,

a reso l u ti o n o ff e re d by Spe n c e th e m ost am pl e re p arati on sh ou ld b e d e m an d e d ,

.

I n c o n c e rt w ith the se e xp re ssi on s a sym pathizi n g fri en d in th e A m e ric an ,

C on g re ss (0 L Val l an digh am of O hi o) off ere d a re sol u tion in b

. .
b
,
D 16 ec
th e Hou se o f R e p re se n t ativ e
.

in w hich th e Pre sid en t w as e n

.

s
,

j oi n e d to m ain t ai n th e p ositi on of app rov al an d ad opti on by th e G o v e rn m en t

re ady assu m e d by th e Ho u se h e act of C apt ai n Wilk e s “
( a l ) o f t in spit e o f ,

an y m e n ac e or d ema n d of th e B ri ti sh G o v e rn m e n t an d d e cl ari n g th at thi s ,

Hou se pl e dg es its fu ll su pp ort in u ph o l din g n o w th e h o n o r an d vi n dic ati n g

th e c o u rag e of th e G o v e rn m e n t an d p eo pl e of th e U n i te d S tat e s ag ai n st a
fore ig n p o w e r ”
We h av e h eard th e fi rst g ro w l of th e B riti sh li on said
.
”
,

th e au th o r of th e reso l u ti o n an d n o w l et u s see w h o w ill c o w e r T h e ti m e , .

h as n o w c om e for th e fi rm n e ss o f this House to b e p ractic ally t est e d an d I ,

”
h op e th ere w ill b e n o sh ri n ki n g .
2

F ort u n at e ly b e tt er c o un se ls p re v ail e d in C on g re ss an d ou t of it T h e
,
a
,
.

l o y al pe opl e ac q u i es ce d in th e w ise d e ci si on of th e Go v e rn m e n t soon ,

rej o ic e d th at it h a d su st ain e d A m e ri

c an p ri n cipl e s in a case so t em pti n g

to a di ff e re n t co u rse fo r th e re by th e ,

n ati on w as ama zi n gly st re n g th e n e d

T hi s act o f th e G o v e rn m en t w as
w arm ly c o m m en d e d by th e b e st m en
in Eu ro pe an d g rat ifi ed th ose po w e rs
,

w h o l ik e th e U n it e d St at es h ad be e n
, ,

in v ai n e n d eav o ri n g to p e rsu ad e En g
l an d to a right eou s an d u n se lfi sh
co u rse c on c e rn i n g th e sac re d right s
of n e u t rals M T h ou v e n al th e . .
,

F re n ch Mi n i st e r for F ore ig n A ff ai rs ,

h ad e xp resse d in a c on fid e n tial n o t e ,

to C o u n t M e rcie r th e rep re sen t ativ e

o f F ran c e at Washi n gt o n a d esi re
C O UN ME C
,
T R E R.
,

th at th e c apt ives m ight b e d e liv ere d u p in acc ord an c e w ith th e lib eral .

1 T he mee ti g—
w a call d by th
n s e e kil lo w ing pl aca d p t d
r os e v
al l o er th e t own : 00 m m ox u m Ea rn er!
G—T HE
,

F LA S om m e ) : Co x m ss xox m r e a ts -L t x u c ov z n ra ms a B z msn MA I L S rm z a. A p bl ic u m e tn
ei g
il
w l be h l d i th C tt
e n cl ck e o on Sl a e sroom at ree o o th ’
.
”

P c di g f C
ro ee
g p t d i thn C g i al
soG l b D c m b 1
on ress, 6 1 861 T h l ti reby a or e n e on re ss on o e, e e er , . e reso u on ,

v t f 1 09 t 1 6 w a q i tly di p d f by b in g f d t th C mmitt
o e o o , s u e F ig R lati T h 1 6 wh
s ose o e re erre o e o e e on o re n e o n s. e o

v t d agai t layi g th
o e l ti
ns th tabl w :M n A ll G H B w R A C k li g C
e re so u on on e e ere essrs. e n, . . ro n, » on c n , ox ,

Cm H igh t Holman M
v c n s, is N bl Hag P dl t Shi T R S t l V l l d igh am Va d
e , ,
orr a d
, o e, e n, en e on. e r, . ee e , a en ,
n a ver, n

C A Whi te
. .

a Th Chai ma f th e S at C m m itt
,
e F ig R lati (Cha l S m ) app v d th acti f th
r n o en e o e e on ore n e on s r es u ne r ro e e on o e

G v m t a d mad i t th cca i f a l b at p ch i that b dy H d cla d thati th di p t

o ern en , n e e o s on o n e a or e s ee n o . e e re n e s u e

Gr atB i tai w a m d with Am ica p i ci pl w hi ch th gh t hi t y hav b c ta tly d lib

e r n as r e er n r n es, rou ou our s or e een o ns n , e er

atel y and l em ly rej cted Sp ak i g f th lease f th p i

so n h e a
e
“
i d : L tth b l s g
.
"
e n o e re o e r so ners, s e e re e o.
,
 T HE GO VERN MEN T S TREN GTHENE D .

p ri n cipl es of th e R e p u blic ; an d th e Pru ssi an an d Au stri an G ov ern m en t s ,

th ro u gh th e i r re sp e ctiv e Mi n i ste rs h ad al so giv e n th e i r vi e w s of th e p o licy o f ,

re l e asi n g th e p ri son e rs in d e fe re n c e to th e p ri n cipl e s to w hich th e A m e ric an s

,

w ere so fi rm ly pl e dg e d T o th e i r c om m u n ic ati on s w hich w e re re ad to S ee

.
,

retar S e w ard th at Mi n i st e r m ad e th e m ost fri e n dly re sp on se s ; an d fro m

y ,

th at ti m e d u ri n g th e e n ti re w ar th ere w as n e v e r an y se ri ou s d an g er of th e
, ,

re c o g n iti o n o f th e i n d e p e n d e n c e of th e so c all e d
“ C on fe d erat e St at e s by -

F ran c e an d En gl an d h ow e v e r m u ch th e i r resp e ctiv e G ov e rn m en t s m ay h av e

,

w i sh e d f or a re ason abl e e xc u se to d o so T hi s th e c on spi rat o rs an d th e i r .

,

chi e f su pp ort ers N orth an d S o uth w e ll k n e w ; y et th e y c on ti n u e d to d e c eiv e ,

th e p eo pl e w i thin th e C on fe d eracy w i th fal se h o p e s o f foreig n aid w hil e ,

th e y w e re b e i n g robb e d of life lib erty an d p rop e rty by th e i r p re t e n d e d , ,

fri en d s S o p e rsu ad e d w as th e S e c ret ary of Stat e th at w ar w ou ld c e rt ai n ly

.

b e av e rt e d th at w ith a pl ayfu l e xhibiti on o f h is c on sci o u sn e ss

, ,

o f th e stre n g th o f th e R e p u blic h e t e l e g raph e d

“
to th e B riti sh ,

C on su l at Portl an d M ai n e th at B riti sh t roop s th at m u st b e sen t , ,

o v e r to fight th e A m e ric an s m ight p ass th ro u gh th e U n it e d St at e s t e rrit o ry ,

w hil st on th e i r w ay to C an ad a to p re p are f o r h ostiliti es !

T h e p u blic m i n d w as j u st b e c o m i n g t ran q u il aft er th e e xcit e m e n t c au se d
T ren t adai r w h e n its att e n ti on w as k ee n ly fix e d on an oth e r e xp e di
'

ti on to th e c oast of N orth C aroli n a ,

al re ady all ud e d to T h e l an d an d n av al .

arm am e n t s o f w hich it w as c om p ose d

w e re asse m bl e d in Ham pt on R oad s

e arly in J an u ary 1 8 6 2 re ady f o r d e p ar , ,

t u re after a p re p arati on of o n ly tw o ,

m on th s O v er a h u n d re d st e am an d .

saili n g v e sse l s c o n si sti n g of

gu n b oat s
-

, ,

t ran sp ort s an d t u g s an d ab ou t sixt e e n , ,

th ou san d t ro op s m o stly re c ru it e d in ,

N e w E n gl an d c om p ose d th e e xp edi ,

ti on G e n e ral A m b rose E v ere tt B u rn .

sid e an I n di an i an b y bi rth , ,

a We st P o i n t g rad u at e
5 1 847
” .

an d a resid e n t of R h o d e I sl an d w h e n
LO U S M G O S B O OU G H I LD R
th e w ar b rok e o u t w as app o i n t e d th e
. .

c om m an d e r—in chi e f an d th e n av al Op erati o n s w ere i n t ru st e d to F l ag O ffi ce r

-
,
-

L ou i s M G old sb orou gh th en th e c om m an d e r o f th e N orth Atl an tic N av al

.
,

S q u ad ron .

P i son
r d oors are o p en e d;
t bli h d w hich will h lp t f
b ut p i cipl
th m a d t p th
r n es are e s a s e e o re e o er en n o o en e

gat f th a N v b f i h activ hi t y h a G t B i tai a g d h lf thi i d S ch a

es o e se . e er e o re n er e s or s re a r n r n e e rse on s s e . u n

p ch A w m T th lib t f th a thi P w w c m m itt d

'

l
'
i t d i
e v en
t a s n e vu o a . o s s c or u n sct u/r or o. o e er ie s o e se s o er s no o e .

T ac t i
o er a nxt t thi c e i w end h tu t l a y ca If th i m m iti f pa g
s ou rse s no t i th un er er e r re . e un es o sse n ers, no n e

m ilita y r av l or nvi c a w ll a f ail a

a se r t d i ctlye, c g iz d th y a at l a t i m pli d ; w hil th
s e s o s ors, re n o re re o n e ,
e re e s e e e

wh l p t
o e i f im p m t s l g th p t f t l c m m c a d p ati g ly th gh th law
re e n s on o ress en ,
o on e es o n eu ra o er e, n o er n on rou e

l adj d icati f a q a t d ck i m ad ab l t ly i m p ibl T h i th f d m f th

ess u on o u r er- e , sla g d t e so u e o ss e . us s e ree o o e sea e n r e ,
no

on ly by li m iti g th m b f p n wh a xp d t th p alti f w a b t by d ivi g f m it th

e nu er o erso n s o re e o se o e en es o r, u r n ro e

m t ff
os o iv p t i th at v talk d p it w av T ch c cl i G at B i tai i i v c bly
en s e re e n s on e er s e u on s es . o su on u s on re r n s rre o a

pl d g d N t aty
e e . b dw
or re d d I t i ffici t th at h l t app l a b vi d icat d ly by a
n or on as n ee e . s su en er a e ea c n e n e on

ren un ciati f a ly l g c ti d ty an y L t h b a th b l back T h c i d ati i am pl f

on o e r , on -
on n ue r n . e er e r e re e s . e on s er on s e ,
or

the se a be cam t ree a thi s alte d P w

e w t f th u ps it t ee i n g west ward with th e un n an
re o a d f er en or on , s r s o err n o

lib ati
er on.
”
 T HE B URN S IDE EX PEDI TI O N .
1 67

Th e m ilit ary
forc e w hich lik e B utl er s h ad b een g ath ere d at A n n ap oli s ,
’
,
1
,

w as c om p ose d of fi fte en re gi m e n t s an d a b att ali on of i n fan try a b att ery of ,

artill e r y an d a l arg e n u m b er o f g u n n e rs for th e arm e d v esse l s w h o w e re abl e

, ,

to re n d e r se rvic e on l an d if re qu i re d T h e w h o l e fo rc e w as divid e d in t o th ree .

b ri g ad e s c om m an d e d resp e ct iv e ly by G en eral s J o h n G F ost e r of F ort S u m t er

,
.
,

fam e J e sse L R en o an d J oh n G Park e

,
T h e fl eet w as divid e d i n t o tw o col
.
,
. .
’

u m u s fo r activ e se rvic e i n t ru st e d re sp e ctiv e ly to th e ch arg e o f c o m m an d e rs ,

S F Haz ard an d St e ph e n C R ow an E v e ry thin g n e c essary f or th e p e c u liar

. . . .
3

se rvic e assig n e d to th e e xp e diti on w as fu rn i sh e d an d arran g e d T h e fl eet .

g un s w e re e q u ipp e d w ith ship an d fi e ld c arri ag es th at th e y m ight b e u se d ,

o n l an d o r w at e r ; an d th e c an n o n w e re m ostly o f th e n e w est c on st ru cti on .

A w e ll org an iz e d sig n al c orp s acc om p an ie d th e e xp e diti on an d th e re w e re

-

tw o e xt e n siv e p o n t o on t rai n s F u lly e q u ipp e d in e v e ry w ay th e e xp e diti on .

, ,

w h ose d e stin ati on h ad b e e n k e pt a p rofou n d se c re t l eft Ham pt on ,

1 86 2
“ a

R oad s o n S u n d ay th e 1 1 th of J an u ary an d w e n t to se a
.

, ,
.

Wh e n it w as k n o w n th at th e e xp e diti on h ad act u ally g on e out u p on th e

Atl an tic at th at i n cl e m e n t se ason th ere g re at an xie ty in th e p u blic ,

m in d T h e st o rm of N o v e m b er by
.
,

w hich D u p on t s fl e e t h ad b e en sc at
’

te re d w as vivid in ,
m em ory an d ,

aw ak e n e d fo re b o di n g s o f lik e e vil .

T he y w e re w e ll fo u n d e d A p orti on .

’
o f G ol dsb oro u gh s fl e e t n o w m e t w ith
'

a sim il ar fat e o fl t e m p e st u o u s C ap e

Hatt e ras I ts d e sti n ati on w as P am

.

lic o S oun d w hich w as to b e re ach e d ,

thr ou gh Hatt e ras I n l e t T h e v oy ag e .

h ad b e en l e n gth en e d by a
h eav y fog o n S un d ay an d“ bJ 11 an . .

on M on d ay n ight th o se v e sse l s o f th e

fl e e t w hich h ad n ot re ach e d th e
still e r w at e rs of th e In l e t w ere
m m“ W “
smitt e n an d sc att ere d by a t e rribl e
0' BO

t em p e st F ou r t ran sp o rt s a gu n b oat an d a fl oati n g b att ery w e re w re ck e d

.
,
-

, .

A m on g th e se w as th e fi n e st e am er C ity ow Y ork C apt ain N ye It , .

w en t d o w n in sight of th e sh ore w ith fou r h un dre d b arrel s of 6

,
Ja 1 2 n
gu n p ow d e r on e th ou san d fi v e h u n d re d rifl es e ight h u n d re d
. .

, ,

pag 1 06
1 See e .

T h fi t b igad ( F t
3
) wa c m p d f th T w ty thi d T w ty f th T w ty fi fth a d T w ty ’
e rs r e os e r s s o ose o e en -
r , en -
ou r ,
en -
, n en

s v
e th M a ach tt gi m t a d th T th C
en ss u se ctic t T h c d (Rs re ) c i t d f th T w ty fi t
en s, n e en on n e u . e se on en o s
’
on s s e o e en -
rs

M a ach tt F ifty d t P ylv a i a F ifty fi tN w Y k N i th N w J y a d Sixth N w H m p hi

ss u se s, -
re en n s n ,
-
rs e or ,
n e erse , n e a s re .

Th thi d ( Pa k ) w a c m p d f th F th a d a b tta li f th Fifth R h d I l d th E ighth d

e r r e s
’
s o ose o e ou r n a on o e o e s an ,
e an
'

E l v th C ctic t th Fifty thi d a d E ighty i th N w Y k a d B lgi R h d I l d B tt y f 1 06

e en on n e u , e -
r n -
n n e or , n e er s
’
o e s an a er o

m 1 20 h
en , f I O p d Pa tt gorse s, d tw l Z p
ou r d fi ld h w itz
-
ou n er rro u n s, an o -
o un er e o e rs .

Th fl t c i t d f thi ty
e ee
g b at w ith a agg gat a mam t f i ty f g
on s s e o Th rw -
on e un - o s, n re e r en o n ne -
ou r u n s. e se ere

th B b k
e c m m a d d by J C G i dd i g ; C
ri n er , o S A M D m aid ; Ch a
n e J h W t ; C m Ba y B . . n s er es, . . c er
'
sseu r, o n es o . rn e , .

D B h aw ; C m P y 0 H Fl D l w 8 P ck b h E B m G a it W
. en s ; ao a .
Q er r
; G a i t , ;
. . u sse r e r e, . . ua en us r n e, . oo er r n e, .

B A v y ; G P t am W J H ki ; H a F d C ck ; H ch ba ck E
. er en . u n ,
Calh ; H t l H K
. . os ss uz z r, re . ro er un , . oun e ze , . .

D av p t ; J:JV S ym
en or F S W ll ; L i ia a H k ; L ckw d S L G av ; L ma B M l y ;
. e ou r, . . e es ou s n , oo er o oo , . r es o er, . or e

M P t Hay ; P h ila d lp h ia Sil R y l d ; P i

or se, e er es 0 S Bak ; Pi ck t T P I v ; R ck t J m s
e ,
as e no s on e er, . . er e ,
. . es o e, a c

Lak ; R a g e J B Ch il d ; S ta a d S t ip R d W d ; S thf i l d B h m ; Ska 10 1 » T 8 W d

n er, . . s rs n r es, ee
’

er c n ou e ,
e / 8 1434
31 ,
. . oo

w a d ; W ap el Ed Stapl ; U d wr it
r n J fi , ; Val l ey M. J C Chapli ; Vid tt es Wh it n er er, e
‘

ers , . . n e e, e

h ead F ch ; Y ou o R ove I B St dl y
, ren /n r, . . u e .
 R OAN O K E I SLAND . .

s h e lls ,
th er st ore s an d su pplies ; b u t n o h u m an life p erish e d w ith it
an d o . .

N or w as an y m an l ost in th e o th er v e ssels th at w e re w re ck e d ; b u t o f a p arty

“
w h o w en t ash ore from on e of th e t ran sp ort s y et ou t sid e th ree ,

w ere d rown ed by th e u p se tti n g of th e i r b oat on its re t urn

. T h e se . .

w e re C ol on e l J W All e n of B urlin gton N e w J e rse y c om . .

, , ,

m an d er of th e N i n th R egim en t from th at St at e ; th e su rg eon F S We ll er ; ,

. .

an d th e m at e of th e t ran sp ort .

It w as se v eral d ay s b e fore all of th e survivi n g v e ssel s of th e e xp e dit i on

en t ere d th e I n l e t Th e w eath e r c on ti n u e d bo i st e rou s
. M an y of th em dre w .

too m u ch w at er to all o w th e m to c ross th e b ars ; an d th e re m ai n d e r o f th e .

m on th of J an u ary w as sp en t in o v e rc om i n g th e di ffi c u lti e s of th at p e ril ous

p assag e an d in m aki n g fu ll p repa rati on s for m ov in g forw ard ov e r th e still
,

w at e rs of Pam lic o S ou n d .

G en eral B u rn sid e (w h ose h e ad qu art e rs w ere on th e S R Sp au l din g) -

. . .

w ith h is offic e rs an d m e n h ad b ee n u n w e ari e d in th e i r assi st an c e of th e se a .

m en Ti m e w as p re ci ou s
. D e l ay w as v e ry inj u ri ou s for th e C on fe d erat e s .
, ,

acc u rate l y divi n i n g th e d e st in ati on of th e fl ee t th at w as w orryi n g its w a

y
th rou gh th at
“ ”
p eril ou s gu t as G o ld sb orou gh c all e d it h ad m ad e p re p ara , ,

ti on s for its rec e pti on T h e n e w sp ap ers of th e N orth h ad n ot ye t l earn e d .

to b e as di sc ree t as th o se of th e So u th b ut v i e d w ith each o th er in givi n g

‘
,

e arly re v e l ati on s of m i l it ary an d n a v al mo v e m en t s T h rou gh th e se ch an n e l s .

th e C on fe d erat e s h ad obt ai n e d v ery acc u rat e kn o w l e dg e o f th e for c e th at

w as g With th e l ogic furn i sh e d by th e n at u re of th e c o ast s an d
.

w at ers of P am lic o an d A lb e m arl e

S o u n d s an d th e p oi n t s in th e i r v ici n ,
.

ity w hich it w as e vid en t th e N ati on

al s i n t e n d e d to se iz e th e y c o rre ctly .
,

arg u e d th at R oan ok e I sl an d ab o ut ,

thi rty m il e s from Hatt e ras I n l et ,

w ou ld b e th e fi rst obj e ct o f att ack .

I t is sit u at e d b e t w ee n Pam lic o an d .

Alb e m arl e S o un d s w ith a n arrow ,

cha n n e l on each sid e c all e d re sp ec t , a

iv el y R o an o k e S ou n d an d C roat an
S ou n d T hi s isl an d w e ll fortifi ed . .

an d m an n ed p resen t e d th e o n ly ede e
'

s
,

t u al b arrie r to an in v asi on from the .

se a o f th e e n t ire no rth— e ast e rn c oast

AMB OS E E B U N S D E R R I
of N o rth C aroli n a an d th e re ar ap
.

0 ,

p ro ach e s to N orfol k an d P ortsm ou th in Vi rg in i a I n so m e re sp e ct s it w as ,

al m ost as i m p o rt an t as F ort ress M on ro e an d d e se rv e d th e sp e ci al att e n tio n ,

of th e C on fe d e rat es .

At th e ti m e of th e app ro ach of B u rns id e s e xp e diti on R oan oke I sl an d ’

,

1 A ta v ery c ship f th
earl y pe rio d
p w a tabli h d by th of p i t awh i h w as
the w ar, a ensor o e ress s es s e e eons ra or c .

ext ly igi d f m th b gi i g N c t ba d i t llig c wa all w d t b giv ; a d a th c t t

rem e r ro e . e nn n . o. o n ra n n e en e s o e o . e en n s e on e s

p g d a d th d p ti m at R ichm d b cam m a d m b l t v th p i i
ro re sse , n e es o s f th c d ct on e e ore n ore a so u e, e en e o n on s o e on u s.

f th
o re o p i g
e al w i c m pl te
ress bj cti t that d p ti m T ha t c t l w a ally f
n en e r ere n ti al o e su e on o es o s . on ro s re o e sse n

vic i ca yi g th w a f th Nati al a th iti c l d v fi d a y liabl i f mati c c i g

se r e n rr n on e r, or e on u on es ou ne er n n re e n or on on e rn n

th Ce f d at f c i th S uth
on e er e w pap s S
or es a l y as May 1 861 G en eral Lee req uested t
n e o h p s of
ern n e s er . o e r .
, , e re s

Vi gi i t k p il t th bj ct f m ilita y m v me t s
r n a o ee s en on e su e o r o e n ,
 DEFEN SES or R OAN O KE I SLAND .,
1 69

an d its vici n ity w e re u n d e r th e c om m an d of B rig adi e r G en eral H A Wi se -

. .
,

th e D e p artm en t c o mm an d er b e in g Maj o r G e n e ral B e nj am in Hu g er o f S ou t h -

C aro l in a w h ose h ead q uart ers w ere at N orfo lk O w in g to th e ill n e ss of

,
-
.

G en eral Wi se w h o w as at N ag s He ad, on a n arrow strip of san d ly ing

,
’
.

b e t w een R oan ok e So un d an d th e se a,
th at st retch e s d o w n fro m th e m ai n
far ab o v e C o l on e l H M Sh aw of
,
. .
,

th e E ighth N o rth C arolin a R e g im en t ,

w as in chie f com m an d of th e fo rc e s
on t h e i sl an d T h e se co n si st e d of
.

his o w n regi m en t th e T h irty fi rst -

N orth C arol i n a V ol un t ee rs u n d e r ,

C ol on e l J V J ord an ; th ree com

.

a n ies o f t h S v e n t ee n th N o rth
p e e

Caroli n a u n d er M ajor G H Hill

, . . .

an d fo u r h un dred an d fif t y m e n ,

u n d e r Li e u t en an t C o l o n e l A n d e rson
-
.

S e v e ral b att e ri e s h ad bee n e rec te d

on p ro m in e n t po in t s o f th e sh o re s of

R oan ok e w hi c h c om m an d ed th e
,
M “ HU E IA G
S ou n d s on its e ast e rn an d weste rn
sid es ; an d u po n its n arro w e st p art be t w ee n S h all ow b ag Bay an d Croat an ,

S o u n d w as a st ron g re do u bt an d in t re n che d c am p , e xt en d in g ac ross th e

,
.

road th at t rav erse d th e m iddl e of th e i slan d T h e se se v e ral fo rtific ati on s .

m oun t e d ab ou t fo rt y he avy g un s T h e re w e re batt e ri e s also on th e m ain,

.

c om man di n g the chan ne ls of C roat an So u n d .

V e sse l s h ad bee n sun k in the m ain ch an n el of C roat an S ou n d an d h eavy

st ak e s ha d b e e n d riv e n in its w at e rs fro m th e m ain to th e is lan d to o b st ruc t ,
,

q
th e p assag e of v e sse l s Abo ve the se obs t ru cti ons w as a fl ot ill a of small gu n
.

“
b oat s a sort of Mu s u ito fl ee t like t hat of T at na ll at Port R oy al — e ight
— .

in n u m b e r an d c arry i n g e l e v e n g uns
,
T h es e w ere c om m an d e d by Lie u tem .

an t W F Ly n ch l at e o f th e N ati o n al n av w h o h ad ab an d o n e d his fl a
. .
, y g, , '

re c e iv e d a c om m o d ore s c o m m i ssion from th e con s iratons an d w as n ow

’
p .
,

c h arg e d w ith th e d e fense of the c oast of N ort h C arolin a . .

Aft er a rec onn o issan ce C omm o d ore G old sb orou gh sl ow ly m ov e d his fl eet
,
.

“
o f se v e n ty v e ss e l s fo rm e d o n th e m orn in g of th e 5 th of F eb ru ary
, ,
1862 0 ;
t ow ard Croat an S oun d fi ft e en of th e gun bo at s l e ad in g u n d e r th e
,
-

im m e diat e c omm an d of R ow an and fo ll ow ed by th e arm e d t ran spo rt s O n ,

.

th e fol lo w in g day Lyn c h se n t th e Cu rlew C apt ai n Hun t e r to re co n n o it e r th e , ,

app ro ac h i n g fl e et and h er c omm an d e r re po rt e d it at an ch o r six mil e s b e l ow

,

R oan ok e I sl an d T h at e v enin g w as d ark an d m i sty an d th e m orn i n g of th e

.
,

7th w as l o w e ry f or a ti m e At l en gth th e su n b rok e f orth in spl e n d or an d

.
,

at ab o u t te n o c loc k G ol d sbo ro u gh
’
h oi stin g th e sig n al “ T his day our .

, ,
.

”
c ou n t ry e xp e cts e v e ry m an to do h is d u t y advan c e d h is gu n b oat s in th ree ,
-

c ol u m n s th e fi rst b e i n g l ed by th e S tars an d S trip es Li e u t en an t Worden ;

, ,

th e se c o n d by th e L ou isian a C om m an d er Al e x an d e r M u rray ; an d th e thi rd

,

by th e H az el Li eu t en an t H R D av en p ort G old sb orou gh m ad e th e S ou th

, . . .

At el e v en o
’
cl ock ,
a b ombardm en t w as o e n e p d u pon F ort Bartow ,on Pork
 LAN DIN G TROO P S O N R OAN O K E .

Po in t t ow ard th e n orth ern e n d of th e i sl an d an d w ithi n thi rty m i n ute s

, , ,

aft erw ard a g en e ral e n g ag e m e n t b et w e en th e gu n b o at s an d th e b att e ri e s on

,
-

C roat an S ou n d e n su e d T h e C on f e d e rat e fl otill a j oi n e d in th e fight b u t ,

w as soon d riv e n b e y o n d th e ran g e of th e N ati on al g u n s with th e Cu rl ew , ,

its l arg e st st e am e r so b adly di sabl e d th at it b e g an to si n k an d w as soon

, , ,

aft e rw ard b e ach e d u n d e r c o v er of th e g u n s of F o rt F o rre st on R e d st on e

, ,

P oi n t l T h e se v e sse l s di sp ose d of G old sb orou gh c on c en t rat e d h is fi re u p on

.
,

F ort B art ow at a ran g e of ab ou t th re e fou rth s of a m il e I ts fl ag st aff w as

,
-
.

soon sh o t aw ay th e b arrack s w e re set on fi re its g u n s b e g an to giv e fe ebl e

, ,

re sp on se s an d its w all s o f san d to fall in t o a c on fu se d m ass u n d er th e w e ight

, ,

of sh ot an d sh e ll h u rl e d u p on th em .

T h e arm y t ran sp ort s n o w c am e u p an d p re p arati on s w ere m ad e for

‘

l an d in g th em on th e isl an d at A shby s Harb or ab ou t tw o m il es b e l ow F ort ’

,

B artow T h e y w e re c on fron t e d by tw o th ou san d m e n an d a b att e r y of

.
,

th ree pi e c e s in th e n e ighb ori n g w oo d s ; b u t th e se w ere soon di sp erse d by a

st orm of sh ell s fr om th e gu n b o at s M ean w hil e th e C on f e d erat e fl otill a h ad -
.

re t u rn e d to th e att ack an d aft er an e n g ag e m e n t fo r b ou t an h ou r h ad

, , O
.

b een c om p e ll e d ag ai n to re ti re c on sid e rabl y d am age d o ,

.

A t m id n ight in th e m id st of a c old rai n st orm e l e v en th ou ,

-

,
0F b 7— 8
Th e y w e re with ou t
e
san d t roop s w e re safe ly p u t on sh ore
.
,
.

1 862 .

sh e lt e r an d at an e arly h ou r th e n e xt m o rn i n g th e y m ov e d
,

forw ard to att ack th e in t re n ch m en t s in th e i n t e ri or of th e i sl an d to w hich ,

al l of th e C on fe d e rat e forc e s o u t o f th e o th e r re d ou bt s h ad n o w rep ai re d .

T h e adv an ci n g c ol u m n w as u n d e r th e c om m an d of G e n e ral F ost er w h o ,

w as n e xt in ran k to B u rn sid e T h e se w ork s w ere ab ou t fi v e m il e s from .

th e l an di n g pl ac e at A shby s Harb or an d w e re sit u at e d on l an d fl an k e d on

-
3 ’
,

b oth sid e s by a m orass Th e y o cc u pi e d a li n e a g re at e r p orti on of th e w ay .

ac ross th e n arro w er p art of th e i sl an d T h e m ai n w o rk to b e att ack e d .

c ou ld b e re ach e d on ly by a n arrow c au sew ay w hich w as w e ll p rot e ct e d by ,

a b att ery of th re e g u n s m ou n t e d on an e arth w ork Within th e in t ren ch ,

.

m en t s to b e assail e d w ere ab ou t t w e n ty fi v e h u n d re d t ro op s u n d er th e com -

m an d o f C o l on e l Sh aw .

F ost er l e d th e w ay w ith his b rig ade w hich w as acc om p an i e d by a ,

b att ery of six 1 2 p ou n d er b oat h ow itz e rs b rou ght from th e n av al l au n ch e s

-

, ,

an d c omm an d e d by Mid ship m an B F P ort e r T h e b rig ad e s of R en o an d . . .

Park e foll o we d T h e road b e i n g sw am py an d frin g e d w ith w ood s th e m arch

.
,

w as sl ow an d c au ti ou s T h e fi rst pick et s e n c ou n t ere d fi re d th e i r pi e c e s an d

.

ran fo r th e ir liv e s F ost er p resse d on an d soon c om in g in sight of th e C on

.
,

fe d erat e w ork s h e di sp ose d his t roop s for acti on by pl aci n g th e T w en ty fi f th

,
-

M assach u se tt s C ol on e l Upt on in lin e w ith th e T w en ty third M assach u sett s

, , ,
-

y ch wh o w as a ma f v y m d at ab ility a d c ag w a d i h a t d H w t t M all y
1 L n , n o er o er e n our e, s s e r en e . e ro e o or

that h h l d d av to g tth g f m th C l w a d with th q ad p c d t E lizab th City f m

e s ou en e or e e u n s ro e ur e ,
n e s u ron ro e e o e ,
ro

w hich h w ul d e d a xp t N f lk f am m iti T h h w l d mak a fi al ta d a d w l d

o se n n e re ss o or o or un on . ere e ou e n s n , n ou

bl w p th v l ath th a th y h l d fall i t th h a d f h i
o u e esse s r my er n e s ou n o e n s o s en e .

2T h w at w a e hall w th at th l ch a d th mall b at c l d t g tv y a th h a d
er s so s o e aun es n o er s o s ou no e er ne r e s ore, n

the sol di w c m p l l d t wad v al h d d f t th gh th w at

ers ere o e m ti m
e i ki g d ply i t th
o e se er un re ee rou e e r, so e es s n n ee n o e

c ld z
o oo e .

M ch v al abl i f m ati c c i g R a k I l a d th p iti f th C f d at a d th b t

u u e n or on on e rn n o no e s n , e os on o e on e er es, n e es

plac f la di g w a btai d f m a c l d b y am d T h m a R R bi
e or n n s o th l av f J M Da i l f R oen
ne ro o ore o n e o s . o n son , e s e o . . n e , o

oke wh o t
, day s bef h ad cap d to Hatt as H was tak with th xp di ti
en ore es e er . e en e e e on .
 BATTLE or R OAN O KE I S LAN D .
1 71

C o l on e l K u rtz for a supp ort With m u sk e t ry an d c an n on h e op en e d th e

,
.

b attl e an d w as h o tly an sw e re d by m u sk e t ry an d c an n on T h e fight w as

,
.

se v e re ,
an d soon th e T w e n ty se v en th M assach u se tt s C o l on e l L ee c am e to
-

, ,

th e aid of th e i r fe ll o w N e w E n gl an d e rs by falli n g u p o n th e sh arp sh o o t e rs

,

in th e w o o d s o n th e l eft of th e C on fe d e rat e li n e
,
T o re li e v e th e T w e n ty .

thi rd M assach u se tt s, th e T en th C on n e cticu t C ol on e l R u sse ll c am e u p to th e

, ,

su pp ort of th e T w e n ty fif th from th e form er St at e

-
.
,

T HE A TT A C K ON O N OK E S N
R A I LA D.

Th e C on fe d erat es m ad e a g all an t d e fen se ; an d th e fight rag e d fi erc ely .

R en o b rou ght u p h is b rig ad e to th e h elp of F ost e r s T h e se w ere th e T w e n ’

.

ty fi rst M assach u sett s C ol on e l M aggi ; F i fty fi rst N ew Y ork C o l on e l F e r

-

,
-
,

re ro ; F ifty fi rst P e n n syl v an l a C ol on el Hartrau f; an d N i n th N e w J erse y

-
,
.

He p u sh e d th rou gh th e t an gl e d sw am p s an d t ook a p ositi on on F ost er s ’

right with th e i n t en ti on of t u rn i n g th e C on fe d e rat e l e ft fl an k w h ere Li eu

, ,

t en an t C ol on e l F ran k A n d erson w as in c om m an d of a b att ali on of Wi se s

-
“ ’

L egi on Th e fight in th at di re cti on soon b e c am e w arm w hil e it c on tin u e d

.
,

to rag e fi e rc e ly in th e fron t M assach u se tt s C on n e ctic u t N e w Y ork an d

. ,

, , ,

N e w J erse y t roop s w e re z e al ou s riv al s in d e e d s of d ari n g fortit u d e c ou rag e , , ,

an d g en e rosity T h e y c on ti n u ally g ai n e d adv an t ag e s b u t at th e c ost of

.
,

h eavy w ork Park e c am e u p w ith h is F ourth R h od e I sl an d C ol on e l R od

.
,

m an ; th e fi rst b att ali on F i fth R h od e I sl an d ; th e E ighth C on n e ctic u t ; an d

N i n th N e w York C ol on el Haw ki n s an d g av e tim e ly aid to th e T w en ty thir d
, ,
-

an d T w en ty se v en th M assach u sett s
-
.

With all this p ressure of ov erw hel mi n g n um b ers th e C onf e derat es st ill ,
1 72 BATTLE or ROAN O KE ISLAND .

h eld ou t At l en gth th e artill e ry amm u n iti on of th e N ati on al s b eg an to

. .

fail an d th e y w ere su fferi n g v e ry se v e re ly in kill e d an d w ou n d ed Vict ory

,
.

c ou ld n ow b e w on on ly by a ch arg e T h at m o v e m e n t w as re so lv e d u p on . .

M aj or E A K i m b al l of Haw ki n s s (N i n th N e w Y ork ) Z ou av e s (a h ero

. .
,
’

o f th e M e xic an w ar w ho fo u ght g all an tly in e v e ry b attl e from V e ra C ru z

, ,

to th e City o f M e xic o) p e rc e iv in g th e n e c e ssity an d eag e r to se rv e his

, ,

c ou n t ry (for w h o se c au se h e fi n ally g av e h is l ife) o ff e red to l e ad th e ch arg e ,

ac ross th e c au se w ay ag ain st th e m ai n b att ery w ith th e b ay on e t T h e de ,

.

light e d F ost e r said Y ou are th e m an th e N i n th th e regi m en t an d thi

, , ,
” ”
th e m om en t ! Z ou av e s st orm th e b att e ry l h e sh ou t e d
,
F orw ard 1 I n
an i n st an t th e y w ere on th e ru n
ac ross th e c au se w ay y e lli n g fe ar ,

fu lly an d ch ee re d by th e ir ad m i ri n g ,

c om rad e s on ev ery side w h o c ri e d ,

out
“ M ak e w ay for th e re d c ap s ! -

T h e y are th e b o y s ! ”
C olon e l Haw
'

ki n s w h o w as l e adi n g tw o c om p an i e s ,

in a fl an k m o v e m en t on th e l eft se e ,

in g h is m en ru shi n g to th e p eril ou s
p e rform an c e c ou ld n ot resi st h is ,

i m p u l se s an d j oi n i n g th e m p re sse d , , ,

forw ard th e w h o l e b att ali on sh ou t ,

in g “ ”
Z o u ! Z o u l Z ou ! an d cl o sely ,

foll ow e d by th e T e n th C on n e ctic u t .

T h e fright e n e d C on fed erat e s aft er ,

fi ri n g on c e h ad fl ed an d i n t o th e
J OHN G FOS E . T R.
, ,

b at te ry th e Z ou av e s ru sh e d w ith ,

n on e to Opp ose th em al m ost s i m u lt an eo u sly w ith th e F ifty fi rst N e w Y o rk -

,

an d T w e n ty fi rst M assach u se tt s w h o h ad att ack e d th e C o n fe d e rat e s on th e ir

-

right . T h e c ol ors of th e F ifty fi rst b e i n g at th e h e ad o f th e regi m en t w e re

-

, ,

fi rst pl an t e d on th e c apt u re d batt e ry an d at th e sam e ti m e th e St at e fl ag of th e

,

M assach u sett s T w en ty fi rst w as t ri u m ph an tly displ ay e d T h e fu gitiv e s in

-
.
,

th e i r h ast e h ad l e ft e v e ry thi n g b ehin d th em T h e re l ay th e i r d e ad an d

, .

w o u n d e d as th e y h ad fall e n T h e i r h e av y g u n s w e re in pe rfe ct o rd e r
.
,

an d th e k n ap sack s a nd b l an k e t s of th e rou t e d so ldie rs w ere st re w n ab ou t

th e w ork s .

G e n eral F oste r w h o h ad skillfu lly di re ct e d th ese su c ce ssfu l m o v e m en t s

,

in p erson n ow re form e d h is b rig ad e w hil st R en o with th e T w en ty fi rst

,
-
, ,
-

M assach us ett s an d N i n th N ew York st art e d in p u rsuit F o st e r soon fol ,

.

l ow e d an d o v e rt ook R en o w h o w as m an eu v erin g to cu t off th e ret re at of

,

ab o u t e igh t or n i n e h u n d re d C o n fe d e rate s o n th e l e ft n e ar We i r s P o i n t
,

’
.
,

With a p art of h is forc e R e n o p u sh e d on in th at di re cti on Haw ki n s w ith

.

,
.
,

h is Z ou av e s h u rri e d t ow ard S h all ow b ag B ay w h ere it w as sa id th e C on

, , , ,

fe d e rat e s h ad a tw o gu n b att ery F oster p re sse d forw ard w ith an ad e q u at e

-
.

force an d w as on th e h eel s of th e fu gitiv es after a ch ase of fi ve or six m il es,

, ,

w h e n h e w as m et by a fl ag of t ru c e b orn e by C ol on e l P ool of th e E ighth , ,

N orth C aroli n a c arryin g a m e ssag e from C ol on el Sh aw w h o as w e h av e

, , ,

o b serv e d w as th e se n i or acti n g offi c e r in c om m an d on th e I sl an d

,
askin g ,
”
wh at term s O f c apit u l ati on w oul d b e gran ted Un c on diti on al surren de r ! .
 arm ors or THE BATTLE .
1 73

w as F o st er s reply T h e se w e re ac ce pt e d an d tw o th ou san d C on fe d e rat e s

’
.
,

so o n l aid d ow n th e i r arm s as p ri son e rs o f w ar .

I n th e m ean ti m e G en e ral R en o h ad re c e iv e d th e su rre n d e r of ab ou t e ight ,

h u n d re d C on fe d e rat e s, u n d e r C o l on e l J o rd an ; an d C ol on e l Haw ki n s after ,

taki n g p osse ssi on of th e d e se rt e d b att e ry o n S h al l o w b ag B ay c apt u re d ab o u t ,

tw o h u n d re d C o n fe d e rat e s w h o w e re see ki n g a ch an c e to esc ap e from th e ,

i sl an d to N ag s He ad Am on g th ese w as Capt ai n O J e n n in g s Wi se son of

’
. .
,

th e G e n eral m c om m an d an d e dit or of on e o f th e bitt ere st of th e re b e lli o u s ,

j ou rn al s in R ic hm on d wh o h ad be en se v ere ly w oun de d w hil e fighti n g ,

I
gal l an tl
y .

c om pl et e th e c on qu est of th e I sl an d G en eral F ost er s en t a fo rc e to

To ,

c apt u re F ort B art o w w hich G old sb orou gh h ad b ee n b om b ardi n g w hil e th e ,

l an d b attl e h ad b e en g oi n g on I ts i n m at e s h ad re ti red an d at a littl e p ast .

,

fou r o cl o ck in th e afte rn o on th e N ati on al fl ag w as u n fu rl e d ov er its w all s w h en

’
,
”
G old sb oro ugh sig n al le d to h is fl e e t, T h e fort is o u rs T hi s w as fo ll o w e d .

by th e m ost j oy ou s ch eers I n th e m e an ti m e th e C on fe d erat e st e am er .

C u rl ew w hich as w e h av e ob se rv e d h ad bee n b e ach e d u n de r th e g u n s o f a

, , ,

b att ery o n R e d st on e Poi n t on th e m ai n h ad b een fi re d by th e i n su rg en t s , , ,

t og e th e r w ith th e b arrack s at th at pl ac e an d th e re m ai n der of th e fl otill a h ad ,

fl ed u p Alb em arl e S o u n d So e n d e d in tr i um ph for th e N ati on al c au se th e .

, ,

c on flict k n o w n as TH E B AT I L E or R O A N O K E It di sapp oi n t e d th e p roph et s ‘

.
2

o f e vil at h o m e an d ab ro ad an d sp re ad c on st e rn ati on th rou gh ou t th e C on ,

fed eracy T h ere on R oan ok e I sl an d w h ere th e fi rst g e rm of a p rivil eg e d

.
, ,

ari st o c racy h ad b ee n pl an t e d in A m eric a th e fi rst d ead en i n g bl o w h ad b e en

3
,

giv e n to th e h op e s o f an o lig archy fightin g for th e e st abli shm e n t of su ch a ,

so ci al sy st e m The “ G o v ern m en t at Rich m on d (an d e sp e ci ally J effe rson

.

D avi s an d h is “ S e c re t ary of War B enj ami n ) w e re se v erely c en su re d for

”
,

a ll e g e d n egl e ct in m aki n g R o an ok e I sl an d an d its app ro ach e s i m p re g n abl e .

”
D avis in a m essag e to C on g re ss c ast re fl e cti on s u p on th e t roop s th ere ;
, ,

b u t a c o m m itt ee o f th at b ody appo in t ed to i n v estig at e th e matt er d e cl are d , ,

“
th at th e battl e w as on e of th e m ost g all an t an d b rilli an t acti on s of th e
w ar an d l aid th e bl am e if an y e xi st e d o n Hu g er an d B e nj am i n e sp e ci ally
, , , ,

o n th e l att e r w h o it w as said h ad p ositiv e ly refu se d to

, p u t th e I sl an d in a
, ,
‘
s t at e o f d e fen se .

1 His f a th er, wh o, h av b e v d Wa ill had rem ai d i th a part f th Legi atN ag H ad

as w e e o s r e , s ,
ne w o e on
’
s e .

T h e w o un dd e son h ad b pl c d i a b at t b
e en t t h i cam p w h i t w a fi d p a d c m p ll d t
a e n o o e se n o s , en s re u on , n o e e o

t
re urn . He w as t d rly ca d f by Col l Hawki a d hi ffic b t di d t wa d n n th f ll w i g
en e re or on e ns n s o e rs, u e o r n oo o e o o n

2 R e port of G en eral B urn si d e to G en eral McC l ell an ,

F b y l oth
o
’
, 1 8 62 ; of l F trR
G en era s a d Pa k os e , e n o, n r s

of
”
C om m o d gh t S c ta y W ll
ore G ld b
o s oro u C o e re r e e s, F eb y 9 th , 1 862 ; of
’
omm an d Ly ch t R S Mall y F b y
er n o . . or , e
'

7 th 1 862
, d acc t by th ffi c a d y w it
an o un s b th i d o er o e rs n e e- n e sse s on o s es .

Th 3 i th y a 1 537 M a t
e re, na tiv chi f w h had b ki d to c l o i ts se t t th at c a t by S i
e e r ,
n eo , na e e , o een n o n s n o o s r

Walt R l igh w a by th at b a
er a e t s c m m a d a d with th app v l f Q
, s, Elizab th i v t d w ith th
-

ron e
‘
o n ,
n e ro a o uee n e , n es e e

ti tl f L d f R w k th fi t a d l a t p ag c at d i Am ica N a ly a h d d y a late a att m pt

e o or o o no e, e rs n s ee r e re e n er . e r un re e rs r, n e

wa m d t f
s d i N th C li a a i st c ati c g v m t with th m i al app dag f yalty it
a e o ou n n or aro n an r o r o e rn en ,
e no n en es o ro ,

b i g d ig d t h av d f n bility a d th p ivil g d clas i xact i m itati

e n es ne o e or ers o f E gli h ci ty f o n o er r e e ses n e on o n s so e o

th at p i d er o .

P l l a d th C
4 o f d rat hi t ria fth wa ays that rds hnw d that Wi s wh o assum d th c m ma d
r , e on e e e s o n o e r, s , reoo s e e, e e o n

th th 7 th f J a
e re o n a y h d
e p d p th G v m t th i m p ta c f R an k I l a d t N f lk
o nu r ,
a resse u on e o ern en e or n e o o o e s n o or o .
”

I a p t t B j mi
n re or th 1 8 th f that m
o th h ai d th ca al a d ail ad c cti g w ith N f lk
en a n , on e o on , e s e n s n r ro s onn e n or o

w e tt ly d ef
er u l er Lat h p t d th t a f c atHatt a i d p
e n se ess d t f th B u i d xp d iti
.
”
er e re or e a or e e r s, n e en en o e rn s e e e on .

w a am ply
s ffi ci t t capt su p R a k I l a d i tw ty f h
en o Wi al a k d f
ure or f c ass o no e s n n en -
o ur ou rs .
”
se so s e or re-e n or e

m t f m H ge
en s ro fi ft th a d m lyi g i d l aro d N orf l k He was n sw r d by p em pt y d
u
’
rs ee n o us n e n, n
‘

e un o . a e e a er or or er,

wh B si d e s ex pe d i ti n was p assi g i n to Pamlico S oun d to p r c d immu iiatcly to Roan ok I la d and

en urn
’
o n , o ee e s n
 ELIZABETH CIT Y T A K EN .

The
c on qu est w as c om pl et e an d B u rn sid e t aki n g u p h is q uart ers at a , ,

h ou se n ear F ort B art o w p re p are d aton c e for oth e r agg re ssiv e m o v e m en t s on ,

th e c o ast I n h is re p ort h e .
,

g en e rou sly said I ow e e v e ry ,

thi n g to G en eral s F o st e r ,
”
R en o an d Park e an d sadl y , ,

g av e th e n am e s of C ol on e l
Ch arl e s S R u sse ll an d Li e u .

t en an t C ol on e l Vigeu r de Mon -

te u il as am on g th e kill e d
l
.

T h e n u m b er of h is p ri son e rs
am ou n te d to ab o u t th re e
th o u san d M an y o f th e tr
p
'

oo s
m mu Q aa as ’ .
'
un B ns n s n -
u rn .

on th e I sl an d e sc ap e d to N ag s
’

Head an d th en c e acc om p an i e d by G e n e ral

,
rise an d th e re m ai n der of
,
“ f’
h is L e gi o n th e y fl e d u p th e c o ast t o w ard N o rfo lk
,
T h e sp o il s of v ict ory
w e re fo rty tw o h e avy g u n s m ost o f th e m of l arg e c alib e r th ree b e i n g
-

, ,

1 (JO po u n d ers
-
3
.

“
T h e C on fe d e rat e fl ot ill a w as i m m edi at e ly foll ow e d by C apt ai n
F b 9 «8 e

1 8 62
R o w an
.

It h ad g on e u p Alb e m arl e S ou n d thi rty or forty m il e s

.
,
.
,

an d i n t o th e P asq u ot an k Riv e r t ow ard Eliz ab e th Ci ty n o t far , ,

sou th e ast of th e G re at D i sm al S w am p R ow an s fl ee t c on si st e d of fou rt ee n ’

.

v e sse l s th e D el aware b e i n g h is fl ag ship O n th e m orn i n g o f th e l oth it

,
-
.

w as in th e riv e r n e ar E lizab e th C ity an d c onfro n ti n g se v e n st e am e rs an d a

'

sch oon er arm e d w ith tw o 3 2 p ou n d e rs an d a fou r u n b att e ry on th e sh o re

g
- -

, ,

an d o n e h e avy u n in th e t ow n in fron t T h e w h o l e forc e w as in ch arge of

g .

C om m an d er Lyn ch .

’
R ow an op en e d fi re u p on fl otill a an d b att e ri es at ab ou t n i n e o cl ock . .

Aft er a sh ort b u t v e ry se v ere e n g ag em e n t Ly n ch w h o w as on sh o re sig , , ,

n all e d fo r th e ab an d on m e n t of th e v e sse l s w h e n th e y w e re ru n ag ro u n d ,

d f d it
e en gl ct f B j am i w a s t i
. The ne th at th C m m itt h l d h im p ibl T h p blic
e o en n s o n o or o u s, e o ee e re s on s e . e u

i d ig ti
n wa i t
na on a d y t i th fac f al l thi D vi a m i g th attit d f a Dictat a h ally
s n e n se, n e ,
n e e o s . a s, s su n e u e o or, s e re

w a w ith h i
s, l h ghty d i ga d f th pi i
s u su a f th e au d th wi h f th p pl p m tdB j m
sre r o e o n on s o o rs an
‘

e s es o e eo e, ro o e en a in

t th p
o iti f S c ta y f St t
e os on o Th i ul t w k ly f lt b t th d p ti m f th c pi at wa
e re r o a e .
”
e ns as ee n e ,
u e es o s o e on s r o rs s

too p w f l t ll w m ch c m pl i t f m th t ag d p pl
o er u o a o u o a n ro e ou r e eo e .

p t t G al H g Wi ai d R a k I l a d w a th e k y t all th d f
q
f N f lk
'

I hi n s re or o e n er u e r, It se s o no e s n s e o e e en se s o or o .

l ck d tw s d —A lb m l a d C it ck : ight iv —th N th W t Pa q ta k P im m
un o e o ou n s e ar e n urr u e r e rs e or , es , s uo n ,
er u on s,

L ittl Ch w R a k e a d A llig t : f c al — th A lb m a l a d Ch ap ak D i m al S wam p N th

e, o an , o no n a or ou r an s e e r e n es e e, s or

P t b g a d N f lk a d S ab a d d R a k At th m ti m
. ,

w t a d S ff lk ; tw
es , n ail w y —th
u o o r a s e e e rs ur n or o ,
n e o r an o no e . e sa e e

it g a d d f fi fth f th ppli f N f lk I t fall Wi ai d gav l d gm t t th N ti l i a f

u r e o ur- s o e su es or or o . s ,
se s , e o en o e a o na s n sa e

h a b f m t m s a d a mm d f th ab a d fr m O g I l t t Cap H y at th t a c f Ch sa
r or ro s or ,
n co an o e se o r o re on n e o e en r ,
e en r n e o e

p k Bay “I t h l d hav b d f d d h ai d “at th xp

ea e . s ou f t w ty the a d m a d m
e en y e en e ,
”
e s ,
e e en se o en ou s n en , n an

milli f d ll
on s o o ars .
”

1
Th ti N ti al l i th capt
e en re f R a k w a ab
a on t 50 kill d a d 222 w d d T h t f th
oss n e u re o o no e s ou e n oun e . a o e

C f d t acc d i g t P ll d ( i
on e era e s, w a 23 kill d 58 w
or n d d a d 62 m i i g C l l M t il
o o ar . s e ,
ou n e , n ss n . o on e on e n

w a th c m ma d
s e f a
o gi m t f N w Y k V l t
n er o k w th
re D Ep i il Z av
en Th h ad o e or o un e e rs, no n as e
’
n eu ou e s. e se

a c m p a i d th
c o xp di ti a fa Hatt a w h f th w t f t a p tati th y w
n e e e e on s t back t
r es e r s, en . or e an o r ns or o n, e ere sen o

F t M
or re ss T h i Li t a t C l l m i d w ith th a m y a d i th battl h
on roe . e r e u en v d a av l t
n -
o on e re a ne e r ,
n n e e e ser e s o un eer .

With a Sha p i fl h f ght gall tly i th a k f Haw ki

q
r
’
s r e e Z ou v s w a h t th gh th h d w hilan n e r n s o ns s
’
ou a e , s s o rou e ea e

ur gi g th f wa d i th tabl ch a g w ith th w d “Cha g m es f a I Ch g Z av ! i h

n ese or r n e no e r e, e or s r e, e ns ar e , ou es n on or

of thi b av a d d v t d
s r l di
e G al B i d am d
n e o ef th capt sc d batt i F t d M t il
er, en e r u rn s e n e one o e ure e r es or e on e u .

O th 1 3th f F b a y Wi
9
n e i d a cha act i tic “Sp ci al O d N
o e ru rf m C al B i d g C i
, se ssue r er s e r er o . ro an r e, urr

t ck C ty N
u ou n i f mi g th p bl ic that th fl ag f Captai 0 J i g Wi w l d b ai d f t w
, . n or n e u e o n . en n n s se ou e r se or o
m en t ally a o r d rou n .

N w am we giv e to th e fort s F ort B artow was chan g d t Fort F st ; F t Hug t F t R en ;

n es ere n . e o o er or er o or o
an d F t B lan chard to Fort Park e
or .
 MED AL S O F HO N O R BES T O WED
’

1 75
'

an d set on fi re
Then the C onfede rate s fi e d an d L yn ch retirin g to the
'

.
, ,

inte ri or of N orth C arolin a w as n ot h e ard of ag ain d u ring the w ar u ntil he ,

re app e ared at Smithville when F ort F i she r w as c apt u red e arly in 1 8 6 5 , , .

Sh ortly afte r the flight of the C onf de rate s Acting M aste r s M ate J H e
,
’ -
. .

R ay m on d pl ant ed the N ati on al fl ag on th e sh ore b atte ry an d th u s p rocl aimed ,

th e fi rst c on q u e st achieved by the N ati o n al s o n the m ain of N orth C aro li n a .

The b attle h ad l ast e d only fo rty min u te s an d R ow an s l oss w as on ly tw o ,

’

killed an d five or six w ou n d e d The n u mbe r l o st by the C o nfe de rate s w as .

1

1 d i y x m pl f h i m w xhibi t d d i g thi g g m t by J h D vi F i l d
An xt e raor n ar e a e o e ro s as e e ur n s en a e en o n a s. a n an er,

wh w o m t
as b d th V l l y G ity A h ll t d th t v l d xpl d i g i th m g
ag u n n er s
’
a e on oar e a e s e e n ere a e sse , an e o n n e a a
m w d w k D i w th
.
,

zi tfi
n e , se t re o so d i g th i mm i t d g t h v l d l l
e oo -
or . av s as ere , an ,
se e n e n en an er o t e e sse an a on

b d bc
o ar f,
p b l f g p wd f m w hich h h d b
e au se o an o e n vi g h t d hi m lf p it darre o un o er ro e a e en se r n , e se a e se u on . an

so re m i d til th fl m w
a ne xti g i h d F thi b v tth S c t y f th N vy w d d hi m
un e a es e re e n u s e . or s ra e ac e e re ar o e a re ar e

w ith h pp i t m t f cti g g
t e a i th o nvy (M ch 1 1 by w hich h i l y w
en o ai d f m $300n -
un n er n e na ar ,
s sa ar as r a se ro

to y A d m i i g c i tiz
a f N w Y k
ear. i d dp t d t h im Th
r n S c t y f th ens o e or ra se an re se n e o e e re ar o e

N vy by th ity f
a , t fC g au pp v d D 21 1 361 p
or t d h im with fil d l f H
o an ac w hich
o on re ss. a ro e ec re se n e a e a o on or, o n

i c i b d th f ll w i g w d : “PE R SO N A L VA L O R—J m D v G M A T E U S S VA LLE Y G

. . .

are ns r e e o o n or s 01 a i s, un n E R s , . . . rrr ,

A lb m l S d F b
e ar ey 1 0th S ch m d l w
oun ft wm d p e t d t c i d bl
ruar mb f u e a s ere a er
-
re se n e o a on s era e nu er o

m y D vi w th fi t
, ,

g ll t m i
a an b di t t ti en f ct f Sp ci l b v y “b f th
n su or na e s a on s, or a s o e a ra er e o re e en e .
”
a s as e rs

re ci pi t en .

Th t f C g e ac th iz d th S c t y t c
o ontw h d d f th ll l l f H
ress au t b p or e e e re ar o au se o un re o e se i ec a s o ono r o e re

p d d t b b t w d by hi m p “ ch p tty ffi c
are ,
an o e th
es o f i f i ti e d m i h ld u on su e o e rs, o e rs o n e r or ra ng . an ar n e s, as s o u

m t d i ti g i h th m lv by th i g ll t y i cti
os s n u s d th c mm d bl q liti d i g th p
e se es t e r a an r n a on an o er o en a e ua es ur n e rese n

w ar Th w m d f b z i th f m f t
.
”
ese e re a e o ron e, n e or o a s ar
o ffi y wi th d vic m bl m tic f U i c h ~
v e ra s, a e e e e a o n on rus

i g th m
n t R b lli
e d w hich i ci cl f
o n s er e e on , aro u n s a r e o

thi ty th
r m ll t -
p ti g th thi ty th
ree s a er s ars, re re se n n e r -
re e

S t t th ( 1 861 ) c m p i g th U i
a es en Th m d l o os n e n on . e e a

i p d d f m th fi k f
s su s e n e
ch w hich i
ro e u es o an an or, n

t i tt ch d t b ckl d ibb
urn s a a Th S c t y
e o a u e an r on . e e re ar

d i ct d th t th m d l h l d b w
re e a p d d e e a s ou e orn sus en e

f m th l ft b t by ibb ll bl t t p f h lf
ro e e re as ,
ar on a ue a o or a

an i ch d w w d d thi t v tic l t i p lt
n o n ar ,
an r een er a s r e s, a e r

t
n a e re d an d ight t th f a i ch T h w hite for e -
en s o , n n . e

na m f th cipi t t b g av d th b ck w ith
e o e re en o e en r e on e a ,

hi ati g th
s r m f th v l i w hich h w
n , e na e o e e sse n e as

servi g d th pl c w h
n a d th
, d t wh hi
an e a e ere , n e a e en , s

m it i
er tw p f m d T h pict h giv
or ou s ac as e r or e e u re e re en

f H
.

of th m d l — Am ic “L gi
e e —ia an er an e on o o n or s

th x ct iz f th igi l F f l l p t i c l
e e a s e o e or na or u er ar u ars

c c i g th M E DA L o H O N O R
.

on ern n R wl fl f e r ,
se e e u on s or

th G e m tf t h U { ted S ta t N w y 1 866 p ag
overn en o e ri/ es c , , e

1 40 .

f ll w i g i a li t f th m (820 i m b )
The o o n s s o e na es n nu er

o f th t wh m m d l w
ose aw d d : J m Mc
o o e a s e re ar e a es

Cl d L i R ich a d Th m a F l d Jam B ck
ou ,
ou s r s, o s oo ,
es u ,

O c E P ck Th m a G h g Ed wa d F l P t
s ar . e ,
o s e e an , r arre e er

J h D avi Ch a l
,

Willi m B j m i S a a s, en a n e v e re r, o n s, r es

K y en J m i ah R gon , Al x d H d J h e re e an, e an er oo o n

K ll y D i l Laki J h Willi m J h B
.

e e ,
an e n, o n a s, o n re ese,

A lf d P tt re Th m a C B t Ed w i S m ith
a e rson , o s . ar on , n

D a i l H i gt
,

n e J h Willi m J B F i b arr n on, o n a s, . . r s ee,

Th m B o Willi am M K igh t Willi m M ti

as ourn e, c n ,
a ar n,

Jh Go nJ h M G w a Am B d l y G g
re e n e . o n c o nt os ra e e or e

H ll at Ch l F l c Willi am Y g Willi am
,

o ,
ar es ore n e, ou n ,

P k ar E dw d W ight Ch a l B ad l y Ti m thy
e r, ar r , r es r e ,
o

S lli
u J m By v an , J h M D ld Ch l R b a es rn es, o n c on a . ar e s o

i Pi
n so n , L P t C lt Ch l W M t e rre e n o, e er o on , ar es . or on ,

Will i m M ti R b t Willi m G g B ll Vi ill iam

a ar n, o er a s, eor e e ,

Th m p o J h Willi m M atth w A th J h
son , o n ,
a s, e r u r, o n

M cki Matth w M Cl ll d J ph E Va ti J h
a e, e c e an ,
ose . n n e, o n

R h J h H ick m a R b t A d
us ,
o P tn H wa d n, o er n e rson , e er o r

A d w B i P R Va gh S am l W d H y
,

n re r an , . . u n, ue oo s, en r

T h i lb g R b t B W d R b t J d
e er ,
Th m o er . oo ,
o er o r an , o as

W H am ilt F a k B i Th m J ki M ti Mc
. on. r n o s, o as en n s, ar n

H gh Th m E C c a H y D w J h W
u , o as . or or n , en r o , o n oon , NAVA L M EDA L O F
Ch i t B rs Ed wa d R i gg l d J m K L D
. re nn en , r n o ,
a es . . un
 C O N RO T L O F A BEM AR E L L S O UN D .

l arge , neve r as ce rt aine d O nly on e of the C on fede rate v e s sel s (the

bu t w as .

E lie) w as save d from de st r ucti on ; an d it w as with difiicu l ty th at th e t o w n w as

p re se rv e d f or the in surg e nt s when they ab and one d thei r ve ssel s set fi re
, , ,

to it in se ve ral pl ace s It was a m ost b arb arou s ac t for only a few defe n se
‘

.
,

le ss w om e n an d child ren rem ai n ed in the t own Th e se at once expe rien ced .

the h u m anity of the N ati on al s wh o sh o wed them eve ry kind ,

“
ne ss when on the foll owing day they t ook p oss e ss i on of th e
, , ,

pl ac e .

Thi s su cce ss w as foll owed u p by other m ovem en ts f or se cu rin g th e eon

trol of A lbem arl e S ou nd an d the adj acent c ou nt ry as well as the w ate rs ,

which c omm u nic atio n w as h eld with N orfo l k T o thi s end R ow an .

,

s ent Lie u te n ant A M au ry with a .

,

p art of h is fle et to t ake p osse s ,

s i on of Edent on n e ar the we ste rn ,

e n d of the S o u n d T hi s w as e asily .

don e on the day afte r the c apt u re

”
o f Eliz abeth C ity a b ody ,
bF
12
g? of fl ying artill e ry s t ati on
6

e d ther e h aving left it

'

recipit ately with ou t fi ring a sh ot

p .

M au ry de s t roye d a s ch oone r o n th e
s t ock s an d eight c ann on an d th e n ,

p asse d o n c apt u ring ve s sel s on the

'

S ou nd O n the foll owing .

F b 18 “
day Lie u ten ant J efi e rs
0 e . . '

, ,

with s ome of the fleet p roceed e d to ,

th e Che sape ak e an d Albem arle C an al

W F L YN H ,

q
. . C .

th at t rav e rse s th e Di s m al Sw amp on

it s w ay from the Eliz ab eth R ive r to the P as u ot ank for the p u rp ose of
‘

can , H
gh M ll y Willi am P J h
u e Ba tl tt Lafi y R ich a d S e wa d Ch i t p h er N u ge t J am
o , Brown
. o n son, r e
’
e , r r rs o n es

Willi am P B w ll Willi am Talb t R ich a d St t G g W L l a d H r ti N Y g

, , ,

Willi am M oo re. . ro ne , o , r ou . eor e . e n o a o oun

Mich l H k y J h D m Willi m Fa l y J H y D ig Mich a l H d Willi m M S m ith Mil M

.
, ,

ae us e , o n or an , a r e , . en r en ,
e u so n, a . es

O vi att B tt K a Willi m H l t d J ph B w J ph I l am 13d A l x a d M ck Willi m

.
,

, arn e en n , Pri a a s e ,
o se ro n, o se r , ce , e n er a , a

N ich l J h L w
o s, M a ti n F m a Willi am D i sm A d am D c a Ch a l s D ki C l i C i
o n a son , r re e n, n ore , un n, r e ea n, orn e us ron n,

Willi m W ll s H d ick Sha p W lt B S m ith G g Pa k T h m a H ay L bb

a e en r Si m ki s O l fi S m ith
r a er . e or e r s, o s e s, e ens n , o
‘

A l x a d H T tt R b t B w J h H J am T h m a C ipp J h B az ll J am H M ga J h
, , ,

e n er ru e , o er ro n, o n es, o s r s, o n r e , es . or n, o n

Willi am D l J am S m ith H gh H am ilt

. .

S m ith J am B Ch a d l Willi m J
, es . n e r, J am M I t sh a on es, oe e n , es , u on , es c n o ,

Willi am M Ca Th m a A tki D avi d Sp wl A d w Mill r J am M ti Willi am Phi y J h

rr, o s n son , ro e, n re e ,
es ar n, n ne , o n

S m ith S m l W K i a d Pat ick D gh ty Mich a l Ca i d y G g T ayl L i G Ch ap t J am Wa d

.

,
a ue . nn r r ou er e ss ,
e or e or. ou s . u , es r ,

D i l Whitfi l d J h M B
, ,

an e J h Ed w a d A d am M C l l h J am Sh i d J h E J
e o n Willi am
urn s, o n r s, c u oc , es er an , o n . on e s,

G d J h P t Willi m N w l a d D avi d N ayl Ch a l B W am Th m as K d ick J m S R a

.
,
‘

ar n er, o n res on , a e n or, r es . or ,

o en r , a es . o n,

Ma ti H w a d Jam T all ti R ob t G ah m H y
,

t A d wJ
ree, n J am S
re Willi am C C
o n es, es e an or, . on n or, r n o r ,
es en n e, er r a , en r

B t ch Pat ick C lb t J m
ru s e, H al y J h F Bickf d Ch l A R ad Willi am S m ith Willi am B d
r o er , a es e , o n . or ,
ar es . e , ,
on

G g II H a i T h mas P y J h H ay G g E R ad R b t St ah a J am H L
,

Ch a l M r es oore, eor e . rr son , o err , o n e s, e or e . e , o er r n, es . e e,

J achi m P a (c l d) Willi am B P l Mich a l A h am M a k G H m J h W L y d Ch l B al d w i

o e se o ore , . oo e, e e , r a , o n . o ar e s n,

A l x a d C awf d J h Lav ty B j am i L y d D avi d W

. .

e n er r or
, Willi am W i ght J h n S lliv a R b t T
o n er , en n o , arre n, r , o u n, o er

Cli ff d Th m H a d i g P y Wilk J h H yl a d Micha l M C m i k T i m thy O D h G g

.

‘
or o as r n , e rr e s, o n n e c or c o on o ue, eo r e

D mm i g B a d H l y
, ,

B tt Ch l
u s, A t J h O t ga M ic Wagg R H K i g
ar e s s en, Wilk o n r e , aur e , . . n ,
e s, e n , ern r ar e ,

Willi m S m ith R icha d H am ilt Ed wa d J H ght O liv r O B i F k L ca Willi am G i Ch a l

a , r on , r . ou on , e
‘
r e n, ran u s, arv n , r es

J B ibb J h N il R b t M tg m y J am R b t Ch a l H aw ki D n i s C l a Jam s S lliv a

. er, o n e ,
o er on o er , es o e r s, r es n s, e n on n, e u n,

William Hi ga Ch a l s R ice J h C p Pat ick M lli J am S a d

nne n, J am s H t J m R t y
r e , o n oo er, r u n, es un ers, e o r on , a es ou n r ,

J h H F
o n ll J h D itz b ch Th m a T ayl Pat ick M ulli A a A d
. erre , o n r Sa d en(c l d ) Ch a l
a , o s or, r n, ron n erson o n erson o ore ,
r es

H S m ith H gh L ga L wi A H t G g M L k M G i w l d J h J G g Py Th m a
.
, u o n, e s . or on , eor e oore, u e . r s o , o n on e s, e or e ne , o s

S m ith Ch a l R d J h Sf La G g Sch tt J h Mack J h n H N ibb O th i l Tri pp J h G i ffi th

, r es ee ,
o n n n, eor e u , o n ,
o . e, n e ,
o n r s,

Ed wa d Swatt J oh Swat Phillip Bazaa G ge Pr vi nce August us Willi am s A z lla S av ag J h

r on , n son , r, eor o , , u e e. o n

J ack R b t M Blair A th n y Will iams J am s W V r y Asa B tt am J h n P Ericson Cl m t D

son , o er .
,
n o ,
e . e ne , e r , o .
,
e en eer
,
 A PPEA LS T O T HE N O RT H canou n mn s 1 77
‘

disabling it They fo u nd C onfede rate s eng aged in the same w ork w h o fl e d

.
,

o n the app roach of the N ati o n al s The l atte r su nk two s ch oone rs in the .

c an al an d dep arted F in ally on the .

,

l gth the c o mbined fl ee t set ou t from

,

Edent on o n a rec o nn o i ssance which ,

extended u p the Ch ow an R ive r as far

as W Vin ton (which w as p artially de
st ro yed
) an d th e R o an o ke t o Ply
,

m o u th T h e P erry be aring C ol onel

.
,

H awki n s an d a c omp an y of h is Zou

ave s re ceived a v o lley o f m u sket ry
,

from th e high b ank n e ar the l atte r

pl ac e wh e n R ow an o rde red the town
,

to b e shelled It w as ne arly al l de .

s t ro yed excepting the ch u rc h .

T h e p o we r of the G o ve rnment w as
so fu ll y di s pl ay e d in thi s regi on while ,

its j u stice an d clemency we re p ro

cl aim e d by B u rn side an d G old sb o rou gh
H A WK I N S OU A VE Z .

c onj o intly in an add re ss to the p eo pl e ,

o f N orth C aro lin a i ssu e d o n the 1 8 th th at the g re at b u lk of the i n h abit ant s

, , ,

n at u rally inclined to l o y alty w e re anxi ou s to rende r fu ll s u bmi ssi o n The ,

.

p ro cl am ati o n assu red th e m th at the expediti o n w as n ot the re for th e p u rp o se

o f inv ading an o f thei r right s O n the c ont rary it c ame to p ro tect them
y .
,

u nde r the rightfu l au th o rity of the N ati o n al G ov e rnme n t an d to cl ose the ,

de so l ating w ar which th e i r wic ked le ad e rs h ad c o mmenced They we re .

a dm o ni s hed o f the t ru th th at th ose l e ad ers we re imp osing u p o n thei r c re ,

d u lity deceiving them by ficti on s ab o u t the intenti on s o f th e G ove rnment

, ,

su ch as de st ro ying thei r p rope rty i nj u ring thei r w o men an d libe rating thei r
, ,

s l ave s “We are C h ri stian s as well as y ou rselve s they s aid an d we p ro

.
” “
, ,

fe ss to kn o w w e ll an d to feel p rofou ndly the sac red oblig ati on s of the ch arac
te r N o app reh e n si on s need be ente rt ained th at the dem an d s of h u m anity
.

or j u stice will be di sreg arded

” “ We i n vite y ou in the n ame o f .
,

the C on s tit u ti on an d in th at of vi rt u o u s l oy alty an d civiliz ati on to sep arate

, ,

y ou rselve s at once fro m these malign infl u ence s to ret u rn to y ou r all e gi ance , ,

G g W Mcwilli m J h A gli g Willi m D

eor e . R b t S mm a J ph B H y d I c N F y
s, o n n n , a un n , o er u ers, ose . a en , saa . r ,

Ed w d R B wm Willi m Ship m Willi m G T yl G g P c T h m J

ar o an , Willi m C m pb ll
a an , a a or, e or e ran e, o as on e s, a a e ,

D vi d L B F kli L Wilc x Th m H c t G d H B t J h
. .

Ch l Mill Th m C
ar es s, o as on n or, a ass, ran n . o , o as ar o ur ,
ur on . ar e r, o n

R h J h Shi v H y Th m p H y S W b t A J T m li A lb t B t L C Sh p d
an n a an , o n ers, en r o son , en r e s e r, o n, er ur on , . . e ar ,

Ch l H F y J m B m J h D m p t Ed m d H fi N ich l L D i l S Millik R ich d

. . .

ar e s . o a es arn u o n e s e r, un a e e, o as ear, an e . en, ar

, ,

Willi J ph Whit Th m E gli h Ch l R bi

s, ose J h M ti Th m J d Ed w d B Y g
e, o as n s ar e s o n son , o n ar n, o as or an , ar . ou n ,

Ed w d M ti J h G M i Willi m B St cy H y Sh t J h T yl J h H i H y B k
,

ar ar n, o n orr so n , a a en r u e s, o n a or, o n arr s, en r a er,

J m Av y J h D
. .
,

a es lly J h N bl J h B w R ich d B t Th m B k Th m R bi
er ,
o n on n e , o n o e, o n ro n, ar a e s, o as ur e, o as o n son ,

N ich l I wi J h C p J h B w J h I vi g Willi m Bl gd
o as r n, o n Willi m M dd J m M ch
oo er, o n ro n, o n r n a a een , a a en, a es a on ,

Willi m H B w J m Mifiii J m E St li g R ich d D i S m l W D vi S m l T dd Th m

,

a -
. ro n, a es n, a es er n ar en n s, a ue . a s. a ue o ,
o as
,

F itzp t ick Ch l M lvill Willi m A St l y Will i m P lh m J h M F l d J m G G i T h m

a r , ar es e e, a . an e ,
a e a ,
o n c ar an , a es . arr son , o as
0 C
. ll Wil B w
on n e , so n ro n .

T h f ll w i g e m dp o h vi g h d M d l f H
o n w d d t th m f d i ti g i h d vic i
na e erso n s, a n a e as o on or a ar e o e or s n u s e ser e n

b ttl
a d h vi g g i p f m d ct w hich if th y h d
e, an a n t c i v d th t d i ti cti w l d h v titl d
a a n e r or e a s , e a no re e e a s n on , ou a e en e

th m t i t w
e th iz d t w
o , b tt ch d t th ibb by w hich th m d l i p d d :J h C p
e re au or e o ear a ar a a e o e r on e e a s su s en e o n oo er,

P t i ck M ll
a r u en .

Th f ll w i g p
e who m opp thn b v li t f f it d th i m d l by b d c d ct
erso n s, ose na es a ear on e a o e s or e e e r e a s a on u

J ph B w J h B z ll F k L c J h J k Cl m t D Ch l R bi
.

ose ro n, o n ra e J h M ti R ich
, ran u as, o n ac son , e en ees, ar es o n so n, o n ar n,

ard Ba t
e s.

Von II — l 2 . .
1 78 SP I R I T or THE L OYAL A ND D ISL O Y AL .

an d n ot c ompel us to re sort fu rthe r to the force u nd er ou r c o nt rol The .

G ove rnment ask s o nly th at it s au th ority m ay b e rec ogniz ed ; an d we '

repe at in n o m anne r or w ay d oe s it de sir e to inte rfe re with y ou r l aw s con

'

, ,

stitu tion al l y e st abl i shed y ou r in stit u ti o n s of an y kind wh ateve r y ou r p rop

, ,
”
e rt of an y s ort or y o u r u sage s in an y re spect
y ,
.

Thi s appe al al armed the C onfede rate le ade rs in th at St ate an d the G o ve r ,

n or Hen ry T C l ark i ssu ed a c o u nte r p ro cl am ati on a few d ay s

,
.
,
-

“
afte rw ard in which he den ou nced the ex pediti on as an att e mpt
,

to dep rive the inh abit ant s o f libe rty p ro pe rty an d al l they held , ,
”
m ost de ar as a s el f g ove rning an d free pe ople -
He c all ed u p on them to .

su pply the re qu i siti on s j u st m ade by Jeffe rso n D avi s for t roop s to repel the
enemy .
“We m u st re si st him he s aid at al l h az ard s an d by eve ry
” “
, , ,

me an s in ou r p owe r He w age s a w ar for ou r s u bj u g ati on— a w ar fo rced

.

u p on u s in w ro ng an d p rosec u ted with ou t right an d in a S pi rit of vengefu l

, ,

wickedne ss with ou t a p arallel in the hi st ory of w arf are am ong civilized

,
”
n ati o n s He assu red them th at the G ove rnment w as inc re as ing its e ffort s
.

”
an d s t raining eve ry ne rve n ot to reg ain its rightfu l au th ority b u t to ove r ,

ru n the c o u nt ry an d su bj u g ate the pe o ple to its d om in ati on it s av arice an d ,

”
ambiti on I c all u p o n the b rave an d p at ri o tic men of o u r St ate to v o l u m
.

” ”
tee r he s aid fro m the m ou nt ain s to the se a
, ,
.

S u ch w as the Opp osing s pi rit of the G o ve rnment an d the c on spi rat ors ,

ag ain s t its life The forme r w as anxi o u s for pe ace the l atte r we re ze al ous
.
,

for w ar The forme r b attling for right j u stice an d the pe rpet u ity of
.
, , ,

free in stit u ti o n s an d c on s ci ou s of the righte ou sne ss of it s c au se w as fi rm b u t

, ,

mild p atient an d pe rsu asive ; the l atte r b attling for w rong inj u stice an d
, , , , ,

the pe rpet u ati o n of sl ave ry for the neg ro an d s e rfd om for the p o or white ,

m an with n o w arrant fo r thei r act s b u t s elfi shne ss we re bitte r vehement

, , , ,

an d u nc omp romi sing ; c ontin u ally appe aling to the p assi o n s o f the pe ople

rathe r th an to thei r re ason an d j u dgment an d by frau d an d vi olence d ragging ,

them int o the v ortex of rebelli o n in which thei r p rospe rity an d h appine ss ,

we re s adly w recked .

He re we will le ave the N ati on al force s fo r a wh i le in the w ate rs of N orth

C arolin a p rep aring for an othe r imp ort ant vict ory which they achieved a
, ,

m onth l at er an d ob se rve the p rog re ss of milit ary event s we s tw ard of the

,

A ll egh an ies d u ring the l ater d ay s of au t u mn, an d the winte r of 1 86 1 —6 2 .

 WE STE R N MILI TARY D I V IS I O N S . 1 79

C H A P T ER VI I .

MI L IT AR Y OPE RA T I ON S IN MISS O UR I , NE W M E X IC O A N D ,
E AS TE R N K E N T UCK Y —C AP
T UR E OF F O R T H E N RY .

O WA R D the cl ose of the au t u mn of 1 8 6 1 , the attit u de

of the c on tendin g p artie s, civil an d milit ary , in the

g re at b asin of the cent ral Mi ssi ssippi V alley w as ex

inte re sting We left the N ati on al army in
c e e din
gl y .

S ou th e rn Mi ssou ri at the middle o f N o vembe r di s , ,

p irite d by the rem o v al of th e i r fav o rite le ad e r S l o wly ,

m aking thei r w ay t o w ard St L ou i s u nd er thei r t e mp o .

rary c o mm and e r Gene ral H u nte r while the ene rgetic , ,

C onfede rate le ade r Gene ral Price w as adv ancing an d re o cc u pying , , ,

the re gi on which the N ati o n al s ab and on ed We le ft S ou the rn Ken .

‘

t u cky from the m o u nt ain s to the Mi ssi ssippi R ive r in p osse ssi o n
, ,

q
o f the C o nfede rate s Polk w as h olding the we ste rn p orti on w ith .
,

h is he ad u art e rs at C o l u mb u s ; Ge n e ral B u ckne r with a st rongly

-

int renched c amp at B owling G reen w as h olding the cente r ; an d ,

Gene ral s Zol licofl e r an d M arsh all an d o the rs w e re keeping w atch

'

an d w ard on its m o u nt ain fl ank s B ack of the se an d betwe e n them an d the .

,

regi o n wh e re the reb e lli o n h ad n o se ri o u s Opp o sit i o n w as Tenne ssee fi rmly

, ,

held by the C onf ede rate s excepti n g in it s m ou n t ain regi on whe re the m ost , ,

dete rmined l o y alty still p rev ailed .

O n the 9 th of N o vembe r 1 8 6 1 Gene ral Hen ry Wage r H alleck w h o h ad , , ,

been c alled fro m C aliforni a by the Pre sid e nt to t ake an active p art in the w ar ,

w as app o inted to the c omm and o f the n e w Dep artme n t of Mi ssou ri

2
He h ad .

arrived in Washingt o n o n the 5 th

“
an d on the 1 9 th t ook the c o m ,

m and with B rig adi er G e n e ral Ge orge W C u ll u m an eminent

N 1 86 1 4 ov .
, .

-
.
, ,

enginee r ofiic er as h is chief of st aff an d B rig adie r Gene ral Sch u yle r H amilt on
, ,
-

as assi st ant chie f B oth offi ce rs h ad been on the s t aff o f Gene ral Sc ott The
. .

he ad q u arters we re at St L ou i s Gene ral H u nte r wh om H alleck s u pe rs eded

-
. .
, ,

was assigned to the c o mm an d of the Dep artment of K an sas 3

Gene ral .

D on C arl o s B u ell h ad su pe rs eded Gene ral She rm an an d w as app ointed ,

c omm ande r of the Dep art ment of the O hi o an d the Dep artment of Mexic o ,

which incl u ded o nly the te rrit ory of N ew Mexic o w as int ru sted to C o l onel ,

E R S C anby
. . S u ch w as the arrangement of the milit ary divisi on s of the
. .

te rrit o ry we stw ard o f the A ll egh an ies l ate in 1 8 6 1 .

pag 84
S ee e .

It i cl d d Mi
3 n i I wa Mi
u ta Wi c i Il li i
e ssou r , o , n n e so , s on s n , no s, A k an sas
r ,
an d that p ti or on of K e n tu cky lyi n g
w t f th C m b l a d R iv
es o e u er n er.

Thi i cl d d th Stat f Ka a th I d ia T i t y w
s n u e e e o n s s, e n n err or es t of A rka n sas, an d th e T rit i
er or es of Neb rask a ,

C l ad a d D ak ta
,

o or o, n o .

Thi i cl d d th Stat f O hi a d th p ti
s n u e f K t e e o o, n e or on o en u cky l y i g n e as t wa d r of th e Cumbe lan d Ri r ver,

whi ch had f m d a p a t f Sh ma
or D p a tm t rth C m b
e r o er
‘
n s e r en o e u er la d
n .
 HALLECK ’
S T REATMEN T OF SECESS I O NI S T S .

General H alleck w as then in the p rime of life an d he entere d u p on hi s ,

d u tie s with z e al an d vig or He w as p osse ssed of l arge ment al an d phy sic al

.

ene rgy an d m u ch w as expected of him , .

He c arefu lly c on side red the pl an ar

rang e d by F rem o n t for cle aring the

St ate s of Kent u cky Tenne ssee Mi s , ,

S ou ri an d A rk an sas of armed in sur ,

gent s an d sec u ri n g the n avig ati o n of ,

th e Mi ssi ssippi by sweeping its b ank s

of ob st ru cti o n s fro m C ai ro to N ew ,
1
O rl e an s App ro ving of it in ge n e ral .
,

he p u shed on th e g re at ente rp ri se with

S t ro n g h o pe s o f su cce ss .

’
H alleck s fi rst c are w as to e st abl i sh
the m o st pe rfe ct di scipline in h is army ,

to o v e rawe the sece ssi o ni st s an d to ,

relieve the l o y al pe ople of Mi sso u ri o f

H W H A LL E K
EN RY A G EB C
the e ffect s of the d re adfu l ty ran n y in
.

fl ic ted by the l att e r m any o f wh om we re e ng aged in armed b an d s in

,

pl u nd ering the inh abit ant s d e sol ating the p rope rty of Uni on men an d , ,

de st ro yi n g railw ay s an d b ridge s R efugee s we re th e n c ro w ding i n t o the .

U ni on line s by th ou san d s Th ei r mi se ri e s c ann ot be de sc ribed Men w om e n

. .
, ,

an d child ren w e re st ripped pl u nd e red an d m ade h omele ss N ak e d an d

, ,
.

st arvi n g they so u ght refu g e an d r elief in St L ou i s

,
Seein g thi s the c om . .
,

m and er det e rmined to apply an e ffect ual remedy In a gene ral orde r h e .
,

di rect e d the Prov o st M arsh al of St L ou i s (B rig adie r G e ne ral C u rti s) to in

-
.
-

q u i re int o the c onditi on of the se refu gee s an d to t ake me asu re s for q u art ering ,
“ ”
them in the h ou se s of av o wed sece ssi oni st s an d for feeding an d cl othing ,

them at the expe n se of th at cl ass of citizen s or o th ers k n o wn to h ave b e en ,

“
g u ilty of giving ass i st ance an d enc ou ragement to th e enemy ”
.

“
He al so fu rthe r orde red we alth y sece ssi oni st s to c ont rib u te for
the s u pp ort of the s e refu gee s an d th at all w h o sh ou l d n ot v ol u n ,

taril y do so S h ou ld be su bj ected to a levy eithe r in m oney fo od cl othing or , , , ,

q u arte rs to the am ou nt of ten th o u sand d oll ars e ach Thi s o rde r w as rigid l y
, .

enf orc e d an d m any we althy citizen s we re m ade to p ay l i be ral su m s O n e

, .

p romi n ent me rch ant n amed Engel w h o vent u red to re si st the orde r by
, ,

appe al i ng to the civil c o u rt s w as orde red o u t of the Dep artment Th i s w as .

,

the l ast appe al of th at kind .

Dete rmi n ed to p u t a st op to the c ontin u al ou tfl o w in g of inform ati on to

the C on fede rate s from w ith i n h is line s Hall e ck i ssu ed s ome v e ry s t ri n g e nt ,

o rde rs T h e e arlie st of the se w as O rde r N o which fo rb ade

b N 20
. .

ov
fu gitive s e n t e ri n g or rem aining with in hi s line s it h av ing been rep
. .

re sented to him th at they c o nveyed c o nt rab an d inform ati o n o u t of th e m

2
.

Thi s o rde r w as a su bj ect of m u ch c omment bec au se of it s s eemin g tend e r ,

ne ss f or the rebelli ou s S l aveh olde r an d c ru elty t ow ard the b ondm an s eeking ,

1 S ee pag e 79 .

3 In or d m e d y thi s e vil ran th e o d e “i t is d i re cted th at n o su ch person be h ereaf te r pe rm itt ed to

er to re .
”
r r,

en t e th e li
r s of an y cam p o o f an y f orce s on th e march an d that an y n ow w ith in su ch l in es h e i mm edi at e ly
ne r ,

e x cl ud e d th ere from
,
”
.
 P O PE IN MI SS O URI — . PRICE S ’
A PPEAL .

fi ee dom
‘
Th at it w as a mi s t ake su b s e q u ent expe rience fu lly dem on st ra
.
,

ted ; for t h rou gh ou t the w ar the neg ro whethe r b on d or free w as u n i , ,

formly the fri end an d helpe r of the N ati o n al c au se Gene ral Halleck h ad .

been misinf orme d an d u p o n th at mi si n form ati on he acted with the be s t

,

intenti o n s on e of which w as to p revent the bet ray al of the sec ret of hi s

,

c amp s an d an othe r th at he might keep cle ar of the q u e sti on s rel ating to

,

maste rs an d S l ave s in which F re m o nt h ad been ent angled to h is h u rt

‘
, ,
.

In the orde r of the 4th of D e c e mb e r c o nce rning the t re atment of av o wed ,

s ece ssi oni st s Hall e ck fu rthe r di rect e d th at all rebel s fou nd within h is li n e s
,

in the di sg uise of p retended l oy alty o r ot h e r fal se p ret e n se s or fou nd giving , ,

inform ati on to the in su rgent s sh ou ld be arre sted t ried an d if c o ndemned , , , , ,

S h ot as S pie s ”
Thi s an d all othe r o rde rs c once rning the di s l oy al i st s by
.
,

wh o m he w as su rrou n ded we re enforced ; an d he directed th at an y on e ,

attempting to re si st the e xec u ti o n o f them sh ou ld be arre sted an d imp ri soned ,

to be t ried by a milit ary c o mmi ssi o n M any offe n de rs bein g w omen it w as .

,
“
decl are d th at the l aw s of w ar m ake n o di stincti o n of s ex ”
.

T o enforce th es e l aw s it w as nec e ssary to u se milit ary p owe r especi ally

, ,

in the su pp res si on o f the b and s of m arau ders w h o we re th e n sweeping ov e r the

c ou n t ry He acc ordingly sent G e n eral J ohn P ope w h o as w e h ave al re ady
.
, ,

ob se rved h ad been active in th at Dep artm e nt to di sp e rse the enc ampm e nt s

, ,

o f the se g u e rri ll as in We st e rn Mi s so u ri P o pe h ad been act i n g with vig or .

d u ring the l atte r p art of su mm e r an d the e arl y au t u m n T he pe o ple of a .

di st rict whe re o u t rag e s w e re c om mitt e d h ad been h e ld re sp on sible for them .

He h ad q u arte red h is t roop s on su c h inh abit an t s an d re q u i red fro m them ,

c o n t rib u ti on s o f h orse s m u l e s p ro vi si on s an d othe r nece ssarie s He h ad

, , ,
.

o rg anized C ommittee s o f S afety on which we re pl ac e d p ro minent sece ssi o n ,

ists ch arged to p res e rve the pe ace ; an d in a S h o rt time c omp arative g o od

,

o rde r w as re st o re d N o w P o pe w as ch arged with simil ar d u tie s

. O n the .

7th of Decembe r he w as assign ed to the c omm an d of al l the N ati on al t roo p s

,

betw e e n th e Missou ri an d O sage R ive rs which incl u ded a c on side rable p or

'

ti o n of F rem o nt s army th at fe ll b ac k fro m Sp ri n gfi e ld Price w as advan c

’
.

in g . He h ad m ade a m ost stirring appe al by p rocl am ati o n to the Mi ssou ri

an s to c o me an d h e lp him an d so help them selve s to fre e d o m an d in dep e n d ,

ence T h e G o v ern or (J ack so n ) he said h ad c alled for fi fty th ou sand men b u t

.
, , ,

o nly five th o u sand h ad re sp onded

“ Whe re are th o se fifty th ou sand men ? ”
.

he aske d “ A re Mi ssou ri an s n o l on ge r t ru e to them selve s ? A re they a

.

timid time se rving race fit only for su bj u g ati o n to a d e sp o t

,
-
,
Aw ake ! m y
c oun t ry men he c ried
” “to a sen se of wh at c o n stit u te s the dignity of the
, ,

t ru e g re atne ss of a pe ople C o me to u s b rave so n s of the Mis

.
,

so u ri V alley ! R ally to ou r st and ard ! I mu st h ave the fi fty th ou sand men .

D o y ou s t ay at h o me for p rotecti o n ? M o re men h ave been

m u rde red at h ome th an I h ave l ost in fiv e su cce ssive b attle s D o y ou st ay .

at h o me to sec u re t e rm s with the enemy ? Then I w arn you the day s oo n

m ay c o me when y ou w ill be surrende red to the me rci e s of th at en emy an d ,

y o u r su b st ance gi ven to the He ss i an s an d the J ayh aw kers 2

L e ave .

1 L tte er of G en era l H lla e ckt G o en era l A b th D c m b 20 1 86i

s o ,
e e er , .

A n am e giv c tai
en to er n rang ers o r g illa b a d f Kansas a d p cially th o
uerr n s o
”

n es e se u n d Cl
er o on e lJ en n i
son, w h o was activ agai nst t
he e insur g ts
en .
1 82 BA TTLE O N T HE B A C K L WATER .

y ou r p rope rty to t ake c are of it self: C ome to the Army of Mi ss ouri ,

n ot for

a week or a m onth b u t to free y o u r c ou nt ry , .

S t ik e til l each arm d foe e x p ires !

r e

Strik e for you u n t y s al ta tires !

r co r
’
r

S trik e f or th e gr n g aves of y ou r S ires

ee r ,

G od an d y ou r n ative l a d ! n
’

Be y ours the ofiice to ch oo s e between the gl ory of a free c ou nt ry an d a j us t

g ov e rnment or the b ond age of y ou r child ren I at le ast will neve r se e the
, .
, ,

ch ain s fastened u p on my c ou nt ry I will ask for s ix an d a h alf feet of Mi s .

”
s ou ri soil in which to rep ose for I w ill n ot live to s ee my pe ople en sl aved , .

Thi s appe al arou sed the di saff ected Mi ssou ri an s an d at the time when ,

Pope w as orde red to hi s n ew field of ope rati on s ab ou t five th ou sand rec ru it s , ,

it w as s aid we re m arching fro m the Mi ssou ri R ive r an d bey ond to j oin

,

Price T o p revent thi s c ombi n ati o n w as Po pe s chief de si re He enc amped

.
’
.

thi rty or fort y mile s s ou thwe s t from B ooneville at the m iddle of Decem ,

b e r an d afte r s ending ou t s ome of the F i rst Mi ssou ri c av al ry u nde r M aj or

, ,

H u bb ard to w atch Price w h o w as then at O sce ol a with ab ou t eight th ou

, ,

s and men an d to p revent a rec onn oi ssance of the m ain c ol u mn of the N ati on
,
“
al s he m oved h is wh o le b o dy we stw ard an d t ook p ositi on in the
,

c ou nt ry between Clint on an d Warren sb u rg in Hen ry an d J oh n ,

son c ou ntie s The re we re tw o th ou sand C onfede rat e s then n e ar

.

h is line s an d ag ain st the se L ie u ten ant C o l on el B rown of the Seventh Mis

,
-

s ou ri w as sent with a c on side rable c av al ry force th at s c atte red them

, .

‘
H aving acc o mpli shed thi s B rown ret u rned to the m ain army , ,

which w as m oving on Warren sb u rg

bD 18
e c. .

Informed th at a C o nfede rate force w as on the Bl ackw ate r at or ne ar ,

Milford N orth of him Pope sent C o l onel Je ffe rson C D avi s an d M aj or Mer
, , .

rill to fl ank them while the m ain b o dy S h ou ld be in a p o siti o n to give im m e di

,

ate aid if nece ssary

,
D avi s fou nd them in a w oo ded b ott om on the we s t
.

s ide o f the Bl ackwater opp osite the m ou th of Clear C reek His force s we re
,
.

o n the e ast S ide an d a b ridge th at s p anned the Bl ackw ate r between them
,

w as s t ro ngly g u arded Thi s w as c arried by assau lt by tw o c o mp anie s of

.
,

the F ou rth R eg u l ar C av al ry u nde r L ie u ten ant s G ord on an d Am ory s u pp orted

, ,

by five c o mp anie s of the F i rst I ow a c av al ry G ord o n led the ch arge in p er .

son ,
an d received s eve ral b all s th ro u gh h is c ap Th e C o nfede rate s were .

driven the b ridge w as c ross ed an d a p u rsu it w as p re ssed

,
U n able to ,
.

e s c ape the fu gitive s c omm anded by C ol onel s R obin son Alex ande r an d
, , , ,

Magofiin (the l atte r a b rothe r o f the G o ve rn or of Kent u cky) su rrende red , .

The c aptiv e s were on e th o u sand th ree h u nd red in n u mbe r infant ry an d c av ,

al ry ; an d wi th them the N ati o n al s g ained as S p o il s ab o u t eight h u nd red

h orse s an d m u le s a th ous and s t and of arm s an d o ve r s eventy w ag on s
, ,

l oaded with tent s b agg age amm u niti on an d su pplie s of eve ry kind
, , ,
.

At ab ou t midnight the p ri sone rs an d s p oil s were t aken int o Pope s c amp ’

,

an d the next day the v ict o rs an d the v an q u i s hed m o ved b ack in th e direc

ti on of Sed ali a Pope s s t arting pl ace In the sp ace of five d ay s the infant ry
,
’ -
.

h ad m arched m ore th an on e h u nd red mile s an d the c av al r y d o u ble th at ,

di s t ance D u ring th at time they h ad c apt u red ne arly fi fteen h u nd red p ri

.

son ers with the arm s an d s u pplie s j u st menti o ned

,
They h ad swept the .
 PRICE D R IVE N O UT O F MISS O URI .
1 83

wh ole c ou nt ry we st of Sed ali a i n the di recti on of K an sas far en ou gh to , ,

foil the att e mpt s of rec ru it s to re ach Price in an y c o n sid e rable n um be rs an d ,

to c o mpel h i m to withd raw in s e arch of safety an d s u b s istence t o ward the , ,

borde rs of A rk an sas .

Am on g the c apt u red on the Bl ackw ate r we re m any we althy an d in fl u en ,

ti al citi zen s oi Mi ssou ri Thi s event de alt a st u nning bl o w to se ce ssi on in

.

th at St ate for the m oment an d P ope s S h ort c amp aign g av e g re at sati s facti on,
’

to all l o y al pe o ple
“
H all e ck c omplim ented him on hi s b rilli ant s u cce ss
.
”
,

an d feeling st re n gthened the r e by he p re ssed forw ard with m ore vig orous ,

me asu re s for the c omplete s u pp re s si o n of the rebelli o n in hi s Dep artment

we stw ard of the Mi ssi ss ippi R ive r O n th e 23d of Decembe r he decl ared .

m arti al l aw in St L ou i s ; an d by p rocl am ati o n on the 25 th thi s sy stem of

.

ru le w as extended to all rail road s an d thei r vicinitie s

’
At ab ou t th e same .

time G en e ral Price w h o h ad fo u nd him self relieved fro m immedi ate d ange r
, ,

an d e nc ou raged by a p ro mi se o f re e n forcement s fr om A rk an sas u nde r Gen -

,

e ral McI n tosh c oncent rated ab ou t twelve th ou san d men at Sp ringfield

, ,

Whe re h e p u t h is army in c om fo rt able h u t s with the intenti o n of rem ai n ing ,

al l w inte r an d p u shed h is picket g u ard s fi fteen o r twenty mile s n o rthw ard

,
-
.

Thi s dem on st rati o n c au sed Halleck to c o nce n t rate h is t ro op s at L eb an on the ,

c apit al o f L aclede C ou n ty n orthe astw ard o f Sp ri n gfi e ld e arly in F eb ru ary, , ,

u nde r the chief c omm and o f G e n eral (l ate C ol onel ) S R C urti s The se . . .

we re c o mpo sed of the t roop s of Gene ral s A S b oth Sigel D avi s an d Prenti ss , , ,
.

In the mid st of s t orm s an d fl ood s o ve r he av y road s an d s w ollen st re am s , ,

“
the c ombined force s m o ved on Sp ringfield in thr ee c ol u mn s the ,

right u nde r Gene ral D avi s the cente r u nde r Gene ral Sigel an d , ,

the le ft u nde r C ol o nel (soo n afte rward Gene ral ) C arr O n the .

s ame day they met s ome of P rice s adv ance an d ski rmi shing en su ed ; an d ’
,

o n the foll o wing day ab ou t thr ee h u nd red C o nfede rate s att acked C urti s s
’

picket g u ard s b u t we re rep u l se d Thi s feint of ofl e rin g b attle w as made by

'
-
.
,

Price to en able him to e ff ect a ret re at O n the night of the 1 2th 5 F b y .

“
an d 1 3th he fl e d fro m Sp ri n gfi e ld with hi s wh o le force N ot a
a
.
e ru r .

m an of th e m w as to be s e e n when C u rti s s v ang u ard the F ou rth I o wa

’
, ,

ente red the t o wn at d awn the next m orning The re st oo d thei r h u t s in .

,

c ap ac ity sufiic ie n t to acc o mm odate ten th o u sand men The c amp atte sted .

a h asty dep art u re for rem ain s o f s u ppe r an d h alf d re ssed s heep an d h og s that
,
-
,

h ad been s l ain the p revi ou s evening we re fou nd ,

.

Price ret re ated to C assville cl osely p u rs u ed by C u rti s Still so u thw ard , .

h e h astened an d w as m ore cl osel y fo ll owed hi s re ar an d fl ank s c o ntin u ally

, ,

h arassed d u ring fou r d ay s while m akin g h is w ay ac ro ss the Ark an sas b orde r

,

to C ross H oll o w s
’
H aving b e en re en forced by Ben Mc C u ll o ch ne ar a range
.
-
,

of hill s c alled B ost o n M ou nt ain s h e m ade a st and at S u g ar C reek whe re , , ,

in a b rief eng age ment h e w as defe ated an d w as ag ain c ompelled , ,

‘

F b 20 0 e . .

to fly He h alted at C ov e C reek whe re on the 25 th he rep orted

.
, , ,

p cl am ati f th 2bih w a i d i c q nc f th d t cti

Th e ro on o e d i ability th 2oth f
s ssu e n on se ue e o e es ru on or s , on e , o

ab out h d d m il f th Mi
on e un re i ail ad byes om m t d f m P i c a m y a i t d by i h ab
e ssour r ro , so e en re urn e ro r
‘

e s r ,
ss s e n

ita t l
n s a ong th li f th ad acti g b y p c
e ne o t O th 28d H ll ck i d a d fixi g th p alty
e ro , n re - on ce r . n e ,
a e ssue n or er, n e en

o f d ath f
e th t c i m a d q i i g th t w a d c ti al g th li f a y ail way th d t y d t
or a r e, n re u r n e o ns n oun es on e ne o n r us e s ro e t
o

re p i
a r th dam ag a d pay th xp
e es n e e e n se s.
3
D i g th p ti
ur n f thi f wa d m v m
e o e ra t f th Nati al t p B i ad i G al P ic ““f
on s o s or r o e en o e on roo s, r g er- en er r e, 30

th e chi f was aptu d at Wa aw t g th with v al fi l d P ic tafl a d abo t 500 ’

e , c re f th rs , o e er se er o cers o e e er r e s s ,
n u

r c uits
e r .
 HUN TER S O PERATI O NS K A N S AS
’
IN .

to h is w ande ring chief J ack so n , saying G ove rn or we are c on fident of th e

“
, , ,

fu t u re ”
Gene ral Hall e ck q u ite as c o nfident of the fu t u re w as n ow abl e
.
”
, ,

to rep ort to h is G o ve rn ment th at Mi sso u ri w as e ff ect u ally cle ar ed of th e

armed force s of in su rgent s w h o h ad so l on g infe sted it an d th at the N ati o n al ,

fl ag w as w aving in t ri umph o ve r the so i l of A rkan sas In acc ompli shi n g thi s .

g oo d w ork n o le ss th an sixty b attle s an d ski rmi she s c ommencin g with B oon e

, ,

ville at the middle of J u ne an d ending at the middle of the su c~ ,

‘

1 862 a
“ h
.

c ee din F eb ru ary ad been fou ght o n Mi ssou ri so il re su lting

g , ,

in an aggreg ate l o ss to b oth p arti es in killed w ou nded an d p ri sone rs of , , , ,

’
ab ou t eleven th o u san d men .

While Halleck w as th u s p urg ing Mi ssou ri H u nte r with his head—q u arte rs , ,

at F ort L e avenw o rth w as v ig o ro u sly at w o rk in K an sas, on the we st of it

’
, .

The gene ral pl an of h is t re at ment o f the rebelli o n which w as rife on the ,

‘

Mi ssou ri b o rde r w as set forth in a few w ord s add re sse d to th e ,

”3
1n
‘
o n ce rn ing an o u tl aw n amed G o rdon
‘
T ru ste e s of Pl atte C ity c , ,

w h o with a g u e rrill a b and w as c o mm itti n g dep red ati on s an d

, ,

o u t rage s of eve ry k ind in th at regi o n H u nte r s aid “ Gentlemen I give; .

, ,

y ou n o tice th at u nle ss y o u seize an d delive r the sai d G ord o n to me at the se

,

he ad q u arte rs within t en d ays fro m thi s d ate or d riv e him ou t of the

-
,

c ou nt ry I sh all send a force to y ou r city with o rde rs to red u ce it to ashe s

, ,

an d to b u rn th e h ou se of eve ry s ece ssi o ni st in y o u r c o u nty an d to c arr

y ,

C o l on el J e n n ison s regime n t will be int ru st e d with th e

’
aw ay eve ry neg ro .

”
exec u ti o n o f thi s o rde r J enn ison w h o w as the c o mm ande r o f the F i rst .
,

K an sas c av al ry w as well kn own to the pe ople as an arden t anti sl ave ry,

-

ch ampi o n d u ri n g the civil War in K an s as in an d a m an re ady to exec u t e

an y orde rs of the ki n d Th at lette r th e p owe r given to Jenni son an d a .

, ,

p ro cl am ati o n i ssu ed by the l atte r a sh ort time b e fore m ade the s ece ssi oni st s ,
5

”
ve ry ci rc u m spect fo r a w h ile an d al l q u iet in K an sas w as a fre q u ent rep ort ,

in the Sp ri n g o f 1 8 6 2 .

Acti v e an d armed rebel li o n w as at thi s time c c —exte n sive with th e sl av e

l ab or St ate s C o l onel C anby fou n d it re ady to m e e t h i m even in the re m o t e
.

regi o n of N ew Mexic o in the sh ape o f inv ade rs fro m Tex as L ike H alleck ,
.

an d Hu nte r he att ack e d the m o n st e r q u ickl y an d m anfu lly

,
.

1pag 540 v l m I
S ee e ,
o u e .

S v l f th e ki m i h w
e ra o light a d i m p ta t i th i b a i g p th g at i
e se s r s es th at e re so ,
n so u n or n n e r e r n s u on e re ssue s,

th a ativ
e n rr f thi g l hi t y h a t b
e o d l y xt d d by a c d f th m S ch c d b l g s
s en e ra s or s no ee n u n u e en e re or o e . u re or e on

t a t i ctly tati ti al a d m ilita y hi t ry f th w

o s r s s c D i g th l a t f t ight f th m th f Dec m b
n r s o o e ar . ur n e s or n o e on o e e r,

1 8 61 th Nati al i e Mi i capt d on pi s i cl di g 70 c mm i i d ffi ;
n s so ur h a d ure r son e rs, n u n o ss on e o ce rs orse s n

a d am p q i p g
,

m l ;
u es ta d f a m ; 2 t f p wd
s n ; 1 00 w g o a d a la g
r m t f t s on s o o er a on s, n r e a ou n o s ores n c e u a e .

P p a ati
3 h ad b
re m d f rga izi g a a m y i K a t g th gh th e I d i a T i t y d a
r on s ee n a e or o n n n r n an s s o o ro u n n err or an

p ti f S th w t A ka a d
or on o ou t N w O l a
es e rn t p at w ith th f
r th at w t w p
n s s an so on o e r e n s, o co- o e r e e orce s e re o s ee

d w th Mi i s ippi a d l g it b d
o n e ss J m H La th a m m b f th U it d St t S at w a to
s n a on s o r ers. a es . n e, en e er o e n e a es en e, s

c mm d th t a m y O w i g t m difii l ti a i i g f m m i pp h i th x p diti w a ab a d d,
o an a r . n o so e cu e s, r s n ro sa re en s on , e e e on s n on e

a d La
n t k h i at i th S at at Wa hi gt
ne oo s se n e en e s n on.

S t 2 p g 1 81
ee n o e ,
a e .

J i h d ai d t th i habita t f Ia iay tte Ca s J h son a d P ttis C ti i Mi if

'
5 e n n son a s o e n n s o e s o n n e oun e s, n ssou r
, , ,

F f m th
or o ur a mi h v m a ch d th gh y c t y Y p f d f i d hip h a b a f a d ;
on s o ur r es a e r e ro u our oun r . ou r ro e sse r en s s ee n r u

y our oath f all gi a c h av bs o ham a d p j i e Y

n e f d th b l a m y y a t a pi w hil
e e en s s n e r u r es . ou ee e re e r ,
ou c s s es e

claimi g t b t t th U i
n o e N t lity i d d If y a pat i t y m t fight ; if y are
ru e o e n on ; e u ra s en e . ou re r o s, ou us ou

t ai t
r yors,m tb p i h d ou us H t l d th m th t th
e ight a d p r p ty f U i m w l d be
un s e
"
e o e a e r s n o er o n on en ou

e v ywh er p ct d b t “t ait
ere res e h ai d, will v y w h b t t d a
e , u tl aw — m i s f G d a d
r ors,
”
e s e er e re e re a e s ou s e ne e o o n

m t b
en , t h l d a y d c ipti
oo ase f p p ty a d h avi g
o o ight which l yal m a b d t p ct
n es r on o ro er . n n no r s o en re ou n o re s e ;

T h l a t d ll a a d th l t l av
e s o f b l w ill b tak a d t d v t th G al G v m t Pl ayi g
r n e as s e o re e s e en n urn e o er o e e ner o ern en . n

w ar i pl y d ut a d w h en v
s a e U i t p a fi ed po th e answ will b m f om cann a d d s lati n
o , n e er n on roo s
‘

re r u n er oo r on, n e o o

w ill f ll w o o .
”
 I N NE W
.

TREAS O N MEX IC O . 1 855

We h ave s een the l oy al pe ople Te x as b ou nd h an d an d foot by a civil of

an d milit ary d e sp oti sm afte r the t re aso n of Gen e ral Twigg s

1
T he c on .

s irato rs an d th e i r friend s h ad attempted to pl ay a simil ar g ame for att achin g

p
N ew Mexic o to the int e nded C onfede racy an d to aid T wigg s in giving ove r ,

Tex as to the ru le of the C o nfede rate s S o e arly as 1 8 6 0 Sec ret ary F l oyd .
,

s e n t C ol onel W H L o ring of N orth C arolin a (wh o appe ars to h ave been an

.
’

in st ru m e n t of the t rait or) to c omm and the Dep artm e nt of N ew Mexic o

, ,

while C ol o n e l Ge orge B C rittenden an u nw orthy son of the vene rable Ken

.
,

t u cky s en at or w h o h ad been s ent ou t for the sam e wicked p u rp o se as L oring

, ,

w as app ointed by the l att e r c o mm ande r of an expediti o n ag ain s t the Ap ache s

, ,

which w as to st art fro m F ort St au nt o n in the Sp ring of 1 8 6 1 It w as the .

b u si n e ss of the se men to attempt the c orru pti o n of the p at ri oti sm of the

office rs u n de r th e m an d to i n d u ce them to le ad thei r men i n t o T ex as an d give
,

t hem to the service of the reb e lli o n O ne of the se office rs (L ie u te n ant C ol onel .
-

B S R obe rt s of Ve rm o nt ) w h o h ad j o ined C ritt e nd e n at F ort St au nt on

. .
, , ,

pe rceivi n g the intenti on s of his c omm ande r refu s ed to obey an y ord e rs th at ,

sav o red of a t re aso n able p u rp o se an d p ro c u ri n g a fu rl ou gh he h as te n ed to , ,

S ante F e the he ad q u arte rs of the Dep artme n t an d d e n ou nced C rittenden to

,
-
,

Col o nel L ori n g He w as as t on i shed when i n ste ad o f th ank s for h is p at ri otic

.
,

s e rvic e he received a re p roo f for meddling with othe r pe ople s b u si n e s s an d

,
’
,

di sc ove red th at L ori n g w as al so pl aying the g ame of t re ason R obe rt s w as .

o rd e re d b ack to F ort St au nt on b u t fo u n d an opp o rt u n ity to Warn C apt ain ,

H atch the c omm an de r at Alb u q u e rq u e an d C apt ain M orris, w h o held F ort

, ,

C rai g (b o th on the R io G rande ) as w e ll as othe r l oy al offi ce rs of the t re ache ry

, ,

of thei r su p e ri o rs. T h e ini q u ity o f L oring an d C rittenden so on bec ame kn o wn

to the litt l e army u nde r th e m an d they fo u nd it nece ssary to le ave su ddenly

,

an d u n attended O f the twelve h u nd red reg u l ar t ro op s in N ew Mexic o n ot V

.
,

on e p ro ved t re ache ro u s t o h is c o u nt ry .

L o ring an d C rittend e n m ade thei r w ay to F ort F illm ore n ot far from El ,

Paso an d the Tex as b o rde r then c omm anded by M aj or I saac L ynde of Ve r

g

, ,

m o nt T hey fo und a g re ate r p o rti o n o f the offic e rs the re re ady to e n g age in

.

the w ork o f t re ason M aj or L ynde p rofe ssed to be l oy al b u t if so he w as

.
, , ,

to o i n e ffi cie n t to be int ru sted with c o mm and L ate in J u ly while le adin g .

,

ab o u t five h u nd re d o f the se ven h u nd red t roo p s u nde r h is c o nt ro l t ow ard the

‘

vill age of Me sill a he fell in with a fe w Tex as in su rg e nt s an d afte r a s light

, , ,
‘

ski rmi sh fl e d b ack to the fo rt

,
He w as orde re d to ev ac u ate it an d m arch
.
,

h is c o mm and to Alb u q u e rq u e St ran ge to say the soldie rs we re all owed to ‘

.
,

fi l l thei r c an t ee n s with whi sky an d d ri n k when they ple ased A l arge p or .

ti on o f th e m we re d ru nken befo re th e y h ad m arch e d te n mil e s an d then as , ,

if by p re vi ou s arrang e ment a Tex as force appe ared on thei r ,

“
fl an k The soldie rs w h o we re n ot p rost rated by int o xic ati on
‘

wi shed to fight b u t by ord er of a c ou ncil of office rs with L ynde

, , ,

at thei r he ad th e y we re di rected to l a d o wn thei r arm s as p ri son e rs of w ar

‘

, y .

L ynde s c ommi ssary C apt ain A H Pl u mm er w h o held s eventeen th ou san d

’
, . .
,

d oll ars in G o ve rnment d raft s which he might h ave saved h anded them ove r, ,

to B ayl o r the c o mm ande r o f the in su rgent s

, F or thi s c ow ard ice or t re ach e ry, .

Lynde w as s imply dismi ssed fro m the army an d Pl u mme r w as rep rim ande d ,

1 S ee chapt er X L, v l m
o u e 1 .
1 86 LO YALT Y AN D D ISLO Y ALT Y IN N EW M EX I C O .

an d su spended from d u ty s ix month s

Th us at on e s weep ne arly on e
f or .
, ,

h alf of the G ove rnment t roop s in N e w Mexic o w e re l ost to it s s ervice The .

p ri sone rs we re p aroled an d th e n p ermitt e d to go on to Alb u q u e rq u e Their

, .

q
s u ffering s fro m thi rst on th at m arch we re te rrible ; s ome of them s eeking to
u ench it by o pening vein s an d d rinking thei r ow n bl oo d !

It w as n ow th ou ght th at N ew Mexic o w ou ld be an e asy p rey to the Tex as

in su rgent s Mig u el A O te ro it s deleg ate in the N ati o n al C on
. .
,
“
g re ss h ad ende av ored by a p ubli sh e d add re ss to incite the in
, , ,

h abit ant s of N ew Mexic o to rebelli on while G o ve rn or Ab rah am ,

R enche r of N orth C aro lin a t ook me asu re s to defend the Te rrit ory ag ain s t
, ,

in s u rgent s Hi s su cce ss or Hen ry C o nn olly w as e q u ally l oy al So al s o

.
, , .

we re the pe ople an d when at thi s j u n c ,

t u re of aff ai rs C o l onel C anby arrived ,

as C o mm ande r o f the Dep artment he ,

w as met with alm os t u nive rsal s ym

p athy He s u cce ssfu lly appe aled for .

a regiment o f v ol u ntee rs to the G o ve r

n or of the neighb oring Te rrit ory of

C o l orad o an d the se with hi s few reg u l ar , ,

t roop s an d N ew Mexic o levie s m ade ,

q u ite a re spect able force in n u mbe rs ,

when C anby w as informed th at C o l onel

Hen ry H Sibley a m aj or by b revet in .
,

the N atio n al army an d a L ou i s i ani an , ,

w h o h ad ab and o ned h is fl ag an d p u t
him self at the he ad of a b and of in sur
H ENR Y B 1L I B L EY .
gent s kn o wn as Tex as R ange rs s ome ,

o f them o f the w o rs t s ort w as inv ading the Te rrit o ry ,

His force w as for .

midab l e in n u mbe rs (twenty th ree h u nd re d ) an d in expe rience m any of -

,

them h aving be en in su cce ssive expediti on s ag ai n st the I n di an s .

Sibley i s su ed a p rocl am ati o n to the pe ople of N ew Mexic o in which h e ,

den ou n ce d the N ati o n al G o ve rnment an d dem anded from the inh abit ant s aid
for an d allegi ance to hi s m arau de rs C onfid e nt of s u cce ss he m o ved s l o wly.
, ,

by w ay of F ort Th o rn an d fou nd C anby at F ort C raig on the

“
, ,
b F b 19
rec o nn o i ssance s ati sfie d
e
R io G rande p rep ared to meet him A
.
,
.

1 86 2 .
,

him th at with h is light fi el d piece s an as sau lt on the fort w ou ld

,
-

be fooli sh He c ou ld n ot ret re at or re m ain with safety an d h is milit ary

.
,

kn owledge w arned him th at it w ou ld be ve ry h az ard ou s to le ave a well

g arri soned fort b ehi nd him So he forded the R io G rande at a p o int bel o w
.

F ort C raig an d ou t of re ach of it s g u n s fo r the p u rp ose o f d rawing C anby

, ,

ou t . In thi s he w as s u cce ssfu l C anby at once th rew a force ac ross the .

to o cc u py a p o siti o n o n an emine n ce c o mm anding the fo rt which it

‘
rive r , ,

w as th ou ght Sibley might attempt to g ain .

I n the afte rn oon of the fo ll o w ing day some c aval ry u nder C apt ain D u n , ,

c an an d a b atte ry we re s ent ac ross an d d rew a he avy c ann o n ade fro m the

, ,

Tex an s The i n fant ry we re ne arly all th rown int o c on fus i o n exceptin g

.
. ,

1Th c i t d f th F ifth S v th
e se on s s e o e , e en ,
an d T en th R egular I n fan try , un d C ptai S l d
er a ns e en an d Wi n gate ,

an d th v l
e t egi m t f C l l Ca
o un e e r r en s o o on e s rson an d P i n e.
 BA TTLE O F VALVERD E .
1 87

C ol onel Kit C ars on s regiment The p anic w as so g re at th at C anby orde red

’
.

a ret u rn o f al l the force s to th e fort Th at night the exh au sted m u le s of the .

Tex an s bec ame u nm an age able on a cc ou nt of thi rs t an d sc ampe red in eve ry , ,

di recti o n The N ati on al sc ou t s c apt u red a l arge n u mbe r of the se an d

.
,

al so w ag on s by w h ich Sibley w as g re atly c rippled in the m atte r of t ran s

,

o rtation .
p
“C a
At eight o cl ock the next m ornin g ’
nby s ent L ie u ten ant ,
‘
C ol onel R obe rt s with c av al ry artille ry an d infant ry ac ross the
, , , ,

R io G rande ; an d at V alve rde ab o u t s even mile s n orth of the fort , ,

they c onfronted the v ang u ard of the Tex an s u nde r M aj or Py ron w h o were ,

m aking thei r w ay t ow ard the rive r T he b atte rie s Opened u p o n Pyron an d .

,

he rec oiled De su lt ory fighting m ostly with artille ry w as kept up u ntil

.
, ,

s ome time p ast n oo n when C anby c ame u po n the field an d t ook c o mm and in, ,

pe rson In the me an time Sibley wh o w as q uite ill h ad t urned o ve r hi s

.
, , ,

c omm and to C ol onel Th om as G reen of the F ifth Tex as regiment C anby , .

,

c on side ring vict ory ce rt ain for h is t roop s w as p rep aring to m ake a gene ral ,

adv ance when a th ou sand o r m o re Tex an s foo t an d h ors e u nde r C o l o nel

, , ,

Steele w h o h ad g athe re d in c o nce alment in a thick w ood an d behind sand

,

hill s armed with c arb ine s rev o lve rs an d bo wie knive s su ddenly rus hed
, , ,
-
,

forw ard an d ch arged furi ou sly u p on the

b att erie s of McR e a an d H all The Tex as .

c av al ry u nde r M aj or R agu et ch arged u p on

, ,

H all s b atte ry an d we re e asily rep u l sed ; b u t

’
,

th os e o n foot w h o m ade for MoR ea s b atte ry

,
’
,

c ou ld n otbe checked His g rape an d c ani ste r .

s h ot m ade fe arfu l l ane s i n their rank s b u t ,

they did n ot rec o il They c apt u red the .

b atte ry b u t n ot with ou t enc ou nte ring the

,

m ost de spe rate defende rs of the g u n s in

McR e a an d hi s artille ri st s a l arge n u mbe r ,

o f wh om with thei r c omm ande r we re killed

, ,
.

Mc R e a act u ally sat u p on h is gu n fighting ,

hi s foe with h is pi st o l u ntil he w as sh ot The

B
.

nnv s u m
’
r a a a ? on o srn n n s
rem ainde r of the N ati on al s with the e x ce
p ,
’
ti o n of Kit C arso n s men an d a few othe rs p anic st ricken by the fie rce ch arge ,
-

of the Tex an s fled like sheep before w olve s an d refu sed to obey the c om
, ,

m and s of office rs w h o t ried to rally them Th at flight w as on e of the m ost “

.

di sg racefu l s cene s of the w ar an d C anby w as c ompelled to see vict ory ,

s n atched from hi s h and when it seemed s ec u re T he s u rviving N ati on al s .

t ook refu ge in F ort C raig Thei r l oss w as sixty tw o killed an d on e h u nd red .

-

an d fo rty tw o w ou nded The l oss of the Tex an s w as ab ou t the s ame

-
. .

Sibley well c omp rehended the s it u ati on The fort c ou ld n ot be t aken .

,

1Th w c m p d f a p ti f R b t a d C l l Val d z cav al y ; C

ese e re o ose o v l t ; th or on o o er s s
’
n o on e e
’
s r arson s
’
o u n e ers e

F ifth S v th a d T th R g la a d tw batt i c mma d d p tiv ly by Captai M R a a d Li t a t

, e en , n en e u rs, n o er e s, o n e res ec e n c e n e u en n

Hall .

Th Ra g wh w t i t th b lli w d c ib d a b i g m a y f th m a d p at t f
e se n e rs o en n o e re e on e re es r e s e n ,
n o e ,
es e r e se o

f ll w havi g
e o s, high m tiv th pl d
n no d ad v t Th y w h alf av ag a d ch w a m t d
er o e an un e r an en ure . e e re s e. n ea s ou n e

on a m t gh Each m a ca i d a i fl a t mahaw k a b wi k if a p i f C l t v lv a d a l a
us an orse . n rr e r e, o ,
o e -
n e, a r o o
’
s re o e rs, n sso

f
or catchi g d th w i g th h
n 1 a fl yi g f
an Th ab v pict
ro ni f m a k tch by e of C l nel
orse s 1 n oe . e o e ure s ro s e on e o o

Canby bal t s ’
s su e rn .
 v roromns A ND FLI G HT O F IN S U RGEN T S
'

an d the s p irit s h own by a l arge p orti on of C anby s t roop s s ati s fied h im th at , ’

n otwith st anding hi s l oss of t ran s p ort ati on by the c apt u re of hi s m u l e s an d

w ag o n s he need n ot fe ar a p u rsu it So p assi n g on an d l e aving h is w ou nded
,
.
,

at S o c orro thi rty mile s ab ove F o rt C raig

,
Sibley p re ss ed forw ard to A lb u ,

q u e rq u e fifty mile s farthe r which w as at o nce su rrende re d His de sti n ati on

, , .

w as S ant a F e an d he w as m arching with p erfect c o nfidence of s u cce ss the re ,

,
.

when h is v ang u ard u nde r W R S c u rry w as met ne ar F ort U ni o n in the ,

. .
, ,

C afi on Gl oriett a or Ap ache P ass fifteen mile s fro m the c apit al of N ew Mexi

, ,

c o by ab o u t thi rteen h u nd red N ati o n al t roo p s u nde r C o l onel J o hn P Sl ou gh

, ,
. .

T he se we re m ostly C ol orad o V ol u ntee rs with a few reg u l ars A g re ate r ,

.

p art o f the se h ad j u s t t rave rsed the mou nt ain wilde rne ss fro m Denve r an d ,

d u ring the l atte r p art of thei r j ou rn e y afte r he aring of Sibley s app roach to ,
’

S ant a F é th e y h ad m arched at the rate of forty mile s a day In th at n ar

,
.

row defile whe re fl anking w as ou t of the q u e sti on a v e r y seve re fight

'

, ,
“
bet ween th e infant ry an d artille ry of b o th p artie s o cc u rred in ,
a M ch 24 which the Tex n we re vict ri u s afte r a l oss of thi rty six killed
ar ,
a s o o -

1 8 62 .
,

an d sixty w o u nded The N ati on al l oss w as twenty th ree killed .

-

an d fift y w ou nded
1
.

Sibley ente red S ant a F e with ou t furthe r re si s t ance Hi s army w as .

g re atly c rippled an d the pe ople We re eithe r indiff e rent or actively opp os ed

,

to him He s eized wh ateve r p rop e rty might be u sefu l to him an d h oped

.
,

to h old hi s p ositi o n ; b u t a m o nth h ad n ot el ap se d befo re he w as c o mpelled

to fly b ack to Alb u q u e rq u e which he h ad m ade hi s dep o t of su pplie s for
.
, ,

thes e we re th re atened by the force s of C ol o nel C anby app ro aching fro m ,

bel ow He acc ompli shed th at p u rp ose b u t w as so sati sfied th at h e c ou l d

.
,

n ot h o ld N ew Mexic o th at he ev ac u ated Alb u q u e rq u e on the 1 2th of ,

”
Ap ril le aving h is s ick an d w ou n ded in h o spit al s the re an d at
b 1 862 ,

S ant a Fé A fte r ski rmi shi n g wit h h is O pp o nent s al ong the

.

ri ve r e ach p art y m o ving o n o pp o s ite s id e s of th e st re am an d pe rceiving

, ,

imminent d ange r to hi s wh ole c omm and Sibley fled u nde r c o ve r of th e ,

night to the m ou nt ain s with hi s s c anty p ro vi si o n s on p ack m u le s d ragging , ,

h is c ann o n o ve r ru gged s p u rs an d al ong fe arfu l p recipice s for ten d ay s ,

.

Then he ag ain s t ru ck the R io G rande at a p oint wh e re he h ad orde red su p »

plie s to meet him He then m ade h is w ay to F ort Bli ss in .

,
’

M y4
e a .

Tex as a wi se r if n ot a h appie r m an C anby did n ot foll ow him

,
6
.

o ve r the m o u nt ain s b u t ret u rned to S ant a F é an d rep o rted to the Sec ret ary
, ,

of War th at Sibl ey w h o h ad been c ompelled to ev ac u ate N ew M e xic o h ad

, ,
“
left behind him in de ad an d w o u nded an d in sick an d p ri s o ne rs o n e h al f -

, , ,
”
of hi s origin al fo rce .

L et u s n ow ob se rve event s e astw ard of the Mi ssi ssippi R ive r within the ,

Dep artment s of Gene ral s H alleck an d B u ell h avi n g a c onnecti o n with the
3 ‘
,

1
O n th e ki m i h w ith Py
p vi
re ou s m orn n i g
Cav al y C l l Sl gh t k fi fty v p i , s
in a s r s r on s
’
r ,
o on e ou oo -
se en r son e r ,

b ut l i g fi ft
os n f hi w m I th
een fight j t c d d M j Chivi gt with f C l d m
o s o n en . n e us re or e ,
a or n on, our o ora o co

pa i
n e s, g i d th a f th T x a a d wa i fl icti g i i j y p th m w h h h a d f Sl gh s
a ne e re r o e e ns, n s n n se r ou s n ur u on e , en e e r o ou
‘

d f at a d wa c m p ll d t w ith d w
e e ,
n s o e e o ra .

A t A lb q q ac d i g t Sibl y
2 u p t th b th R aph l a d M a l A m ij w
u e r ue, cor n wa m ly o e
’
s re or ,
e ro ers ae n n ue r o e re so r

i t t d i th C f d at ca th t th y pl c d at h i di p al t
n eres e n e on e er v al d at e Th y fl d v use a e a e s s os s ore s ue e e o er

th m
e tai w ith Sibl y Th i g
ou n ns ity a d ac ific t ch d h i h t th at h e p s d a h p that
e , e r e n eros n s r e s so ou e s e ar . ex re s e o e

they might tb f g tt by th “C f d ate G v e m t i th fi al settl m t

no e or o en e on e er o rn en n e n e en .

S e p ag e 1 79
e .
4S pag 1 79 ee e .
 P R O V I S I O N A L G O V ERN MEN T IN K EN T U C K Y .
1 89

g ran d pl an for expelli n g the C onfede rat e s from K e nt u cky an d libe rati n g ,

T e n n e sse e fro m th e i r g rasp .

‘Ve h av e se e n h o w th e l o y ali st s in the K e nt u cky Le gi sl at u re fo iled the

e ff ort s O f the G o ve rn or an d h is p o lit i c al frie n d s to li n k th e fort u ne s of th at
“
St ate with th o se o f the S o u the rn C onfede racy ”
The se eff ort s we re met .
,

as we h ave O b se rved b y the o cc u p ati o n o f the wh o le sou th e rn p o rti o n o f the

,

c omm o n w e alth by C on fe d e rat e t roo p s al l of which we re within the Dep art~ ,

m e n t c o mm an d e d by Ge n e ral A lbe rt
Sid n e y J oh n st o n Th at O ffic e r h ad .

b ee n an abl e v e t e ran in the army of

the R e p u blic an d w as th e n ab ou t ,

si xty y e ars o f a e
g H e w as a Ken .

tu ckian by bi rth an d h is sy mp athie s ,

w e re with the c on spi rat ors He w as .

o n d u ty in C alifo rn i a wh e n th e w ar

w as k i n dli n g an d w as m aking p re ,

a ratio n s with o th e r c n spi rat o rs

p ,
o

th e re to array th at St ate on the

,

s ide of the C on fe d e rac y wh e n he ,

‘

w as s u p erse ded in c o mm an d by L i e u
t en an t C o l on e l E V S u m n e r of Mas
-
. .
,

sac h u se tts J oh n st o n th e n a
. b and on
ed h is fl ag j o i n ed th e c on spi rat o rs in
,
AL smm O HN S O N BI RT J T .

active reb e lli o n an d w as app o inted ,

“
by J eff e rso n D avi s to the c omm an d O f the We st e rn Dep artment with ”
,

h is he ad q u art ers at N ashv ille

-
.

U nd e r the sh ad o w of J ohn st on s protecti on an d b ehind th e c ord on of ’

,

C o nfe d e rate t roop s st re tch e d ac ross the St ate the di sl oy al p ol i tici an s of ,

Kent u cky p ro c e e d e d to org anize an ind e pe n de n t g o ve rn m e nt fo r the c om

m on w e al th Th e y m e t at R u ssellvill e the c apit al o f L og an C ou nty in the
.
, ,

s ou the rn p art of the St ate on the 29 th o f O ct ob er Th e y d re w u p a m ani , .

fe st o in which th e g ri e v anc e s Of Kent u cky we re re c ou nted an d th e acti o n

, ,

o f its L e gi sl at u r e d e n o u n c e d Th e y then c all e d u p o n the pe ople of th e .

“ ”
St at e to ch oose in an y m an n e r they might see fit d e leg ate s to attend a
, ,

at R u sse llville on the 1 8 th O f N o v e mb e r

’
‘
S o ve re ignty c on v e nti on At , ,
.

the app o i n t e d time ab ou t tw o h u n d red men from fi fty on e c ou ntie s not

,
-
,

elect e d by the p e ople assembl e d an d with d iffic u lt g ravity ad opt e d a , ,

“Decl arati o n O f I n d e p e n d e nce an d an
“O rdin an ce O f S e ce s ,

an d then p ro ce eded to o rg anize a

“Provi si o n al G ove rn
me n t by ch oosi n g a g o ve rn or a l e g i sl ative c ou n cil of te n a
”
, , ,
’
t re asu re r an d an au dit or B owling G reen w as selected as the new c apit al
,
.

o f the St ate .
“
C o mmi ssi on e rs we re app o in ted to t re at with th e C o n fe de
”
f or the admi ssi o n of Kent u cky int o the l e ag u e ; an d
3
rate G ove rnment ,

before the cl ose of D e cemb e r the arrang e ment w as m ade an d so— c all e d ,

1 l Cycl p d ia f 1 302 A ticl — A S J h t

A n n ua o e or . r e . o n s on .
f th L i l tiv C
.

G g WJ h
9 eor e f Sc tt C ty w a ch
. Gvo Th mi i t
n son , o o oun
,
s osen o e rn or. e n s ers o e eg s a e il
ou n c

w : William B M achi J
e re W C ck tt J am P Bat Jam S G it m P hil d R T h m p
. n. o hn . ro e . es . e s. es . r an , an er . o son, J .

P B . id ll W B c J W M
urn s e, . E M B c d G g I3 H d
. ru e. . . o ore, . ru e . an eo r e . o ge .

w :H y C B
.

T h C mm i si e o tt W E Si m a d Willi m Pp t
s on ers e re en r . urn e , . . on s, n a es on .
 WA R IN SO U T HERN K EN T U C K Y
'

1 90 T HE .

rep re s ent ative s Of th at g re at c om m o nwe alth w e r e ch o sen by the

“L egi sl a
e t s in th e
tive C ou n cil at R ichm o nd The
to s a
“C o ng re ss ” .
‘

D 16
n d the ridic u l ou s
ec
l h d n o thi n g to do with the m atte r
.
,
e
p p o e a a ,
1 861 .

farce did n o t e n d he re Al l th rou gh the w ar d i sl oy al Kent u cki an s .

,

p retended to rep re se n t thei r n oble Old St ate in the s u p re me c ou ncil O f th e

c on spi rat ors whe re they w e re ch o sen on ly a g re at p orti o n O f th at time by
, , ,

the few Kent u cki an s i n the milit ary se rvice Of J efl e rson D avi s
'

While the se p o l i tic al event s in Ke n t u cky we re i n p rog re ss milit ary ,

m oveme n t s in th at q u arte r we re assu ming v e ry imp ort an t fe at u re s G e ne ral .

J oh n st o n c on ce n t rated t roop s at B owling G reen an d G e ne ral H ardee w as ,

c alled fro m S ou th e aste rn Mi ssou ri to s u pe rsede G e n e ral B u ckne r i n c om ,

m and th e re The forc e s u nde r G e n e ral P o lk at C o l u mb u s w e re st rength

.

ened an d Z ol l ic ofi e r h av ing s ec u red the imp o rt ant p o siti o n of C u mbe r

'

, ,

l and G ap p roceeded to o cc u py the rich min e ral an d ag ric u lt u ral di st rict s

,

arou nd the u ppe r w ate rs o f the C u mbe rl an d R ive r He i ss u ed a .

bD 16
e c.
”
p rocl am ati o n to the pe ople of S ou the ast e r n K e nt u cky d e cl aring
.

, ,

i n th e s et ph rase s u sed b y al l the in st ru ment s o f the c o n spi rat ors wh e n ,

ab ou t to pl an t the he e l o f m i lit ary de sp o ti sm u p o n a c o mm u nity th at he ,

c ame as th e i r l i b e rat or fro m the L inc o l n d e sp oti sm an d the rav age s O f

”

“N o rthe rn h o rde s ” w h o w e re “attempti n g the su bj u g ati o n of a si ste r

,
”
S ou th e rn St ate .

In the me an time Gene ral B u ell h ad org anized a l arge force at Lou i sville
, ,

with which he w as en abled to st rength e n v ari o u s adv anc e d p ost s an d th ro w ,

fo rw ard al o n g the li n e of the rai lw ay ,

t ow ard B owli n g G reen ab o u t fo rty th ou ,

s and m en u nde r G e ne ral Alex and e r Mc D , .

Mc C ook A s thi s st ron g b o dy adv anced .

,

the v ang u ard of the C on fed e rat e s u nde r ,

Gene ral Hi n dm an (l ate memb e r Of C on

g re ss from Ark an sas) fe ll b ack to the ,

s ou the rn b ank O f the G reen R iv e r at ,

Mu m fordsv il l e wh e re th at st re am w as ,

S p anned by on e Of the m ost c ostly i ron

3
b ridge s in the c ou nt ry Thi s w as p arti ally .

de st royed i n orde r to imped e th e m arch ,

o f thei r p u rsu e rs The l atte r so o n c on .

s t ru cted a t e mp orary on e F or thi s p u r .

p o se a g re at e r p o rti o n o f C o l o nel A u g u ste

B UE LL S Haw 00 m m ’
’
LO UIBVD J J ,

Will ieh s Ge rm an regiment (the Thi rty

A - T .

s ec o nd Indi an a) forming Mc C O O k s v ang u ard we re th rown ac ross the rive r

,
’
, ,

whe re th e y w e re att acked at R owlett St ati on b y a regime n t of ,

‘
,
D 17
e c.
m o u n ted Tex as R ange rs u n d e r C o l onel Te rry s u pp o rte d by tw o
.

, ,

Th w : H y C B tt J h T h m a Th m a L B tt S H F d Th m a B J h
e se ere en r u rn e G g
, o n o s, o s . urn e , . . or , o s o n son , eo r e

W E w i g D D V Whit J h M E lli tt Th m a B M
. .

. n r. a d G g B H d g O th d y w h
e, o n o , o s on roe , n e or e o e. n e a en

by th C cil tw f th m—H y C B tt a d Th m a M
. . . . . .

th m w ch
e se en ere ose n e —w w i
o un ,
”
o o e enr . u rne n o s onroe e re s o rn n

at R ich m d a m m b f th C f d at S at O f ch
on s e p f th p litical ight
e rs o f th p pl th
e on e er e en e . su u sur ers o e o r s o e eo e, e

C f d at C g e
on e er all d w a c m p
e d
o n r ss,
”
so c e s o ose .

F th S t t b t w G a d Wal t St t i
,

Thi i a vi w f G al B il h d q a t
2
s s e o e n er ue
‘
s ea -
u r e rs on our re e , e e en ree n n nu ree s, n

th e m t a i t c tic po ti
os r s o raf th city f S t Louis r on o e o . .

S pag 85 1 v l m I
ee e ,
o u e .
 BA TTLE or PRES TO NBUR G .
1 91

r egiment s of infant ry an d a b atte ry of s ix gu n s The N ati on al s th ou gh .

,

g re atly ou tn u mbe red an d att ack e d chiefly by c av al ry an d artille ry , ,

rep u l sed the assail ant s with b all an d b ay onet killing Te rry an d thi rty tw o ,
-

othe rs w o u nding ab ou t fifty an d

, ,

l osing eight killed an d ten w ou nded

them se lve s ‘
In thi s w ork they were
.

aided by a b atte ry on the n orth s ide

of the rive r Seeing re enforcem e nt s

.
-

c ros si n g the C o nfe de rate s withd re w

,

t o w ard B o wling G re e n sl owly fol ,

l owed by the N ati on al s .

In the me an t ime s t irring s cene s ,

were in p rog re ss i n the ext reme

e aste rn p art of Kent u cky an d m o ve ,

ment s the re c au sed a b ri e f dive rsi o n

'

’
o f a p art o f B u ell s army fro m the

b u sine ss of p u shing on in th e dire c

t i o n of T e n ne ssee H u mph ry Mar .

m se 0 m am : m 1 858 ou
sh all w as ag ain in the field at the
. .

he ad of ab ou t twenty fi v e h u nd re d in su rgent s an d at the beginning of -

J an u ary w as int re nched in the ne ighb orh oo d of Paint sville i n J ohn st o n ,

C ou nt y o n the m ain b ranch of the Big S andy R ive r th at form s th e b ou nd ary

, ,

between Kent u cky an d Vi rgi n i a C o l o nel J am c s A G arfield on e of th e . .

,

m ost en e rgetic y o u ng men of O hi o w as sent with the F o rty sec o n d O hi o ,

-

an d F o u rt ee n th K e nt u cky re g im e nt s an d th ree h u nd red of the S e c o nd Vir ,

gini a c av al ry to di sl odge h im G arfi e ld fo ll o w e d the c ou rse of th e rive r

,
.

in a m arch of g re ate st di ffi c u lty an d d an ge r at an incl e m e nt s e ason When ,

.

M arsh al l h e ard of h is app ro ach he fled i n al arm u p the rive r t ow ard Pre s ,
’
to n b u rg G arfield s c av al ry p u rsu ed an d in an enc ou n te r w ith
.
, ,
“
th ose of M arsh all at the m ou th of Jenni s s C re ek they ki lled
,
‘
,

s o me an d d ro ve the o the rs sev e ral mile s O n the fo ll owi n g day

,
.
,

G arfi e ld al so se t ou t with ab ou t elev e n h u nd red of his force in p u rsu it an d ,

o ve rt aki n g M arsh all i n the fork s of Middle C re e k th ree mile s ab o v e P re s ,

.

to n b u rg whe re he w as st ro ngly p o sted with th ree c ann o n on a hill he g av e

, ,

b attl e fo u ght him fro m o n e o cl o ck i n the afte rn oo n u ntil d ark an d d rov e

,
’
,

him fro m all hi s p o siti o n s G arfield h aving been re enforced by seven .

,
-

h u nd red men fro m Paint sville w as en abled to m ake the v ict ory for the ,

U ni o ni st s at the B A IT L E or P R E S T O N B UR G as it is c al led c ompl ete Th e

’

, ,
.

N ati on al l oss w as tw o killed an d twenty fi v e w o u nded Th at of the in sur -

.

gent s w as e stim ated at s ixty killed an d ab o u t on e h u nd red w ou nded or ,

m ade p ri sone rs ’
Th e p o nde rou s M arsh all w as n ot he ard of afte rw ard as a
.

m ilit ary l e ade r Bec au se of hi s s e rv ice s on thi s occ asi o n G ar

.

J 11 , an
”
. .

field w as c o mmi ssi oned a b rig adie r gene ral of v o l u ntee rs -

.

1
R e port o f G
e neral D c m b r 1 8 1 861 G n eral H i n d man in h i r p t n
B uel l to Gen eral McC l el lan, e e e , . e ,
s e or o

th 1 9 th sai d G
e ,al T y an d th f hi
e n ergi m e t w kill d th oth slightly w u d d a d n ly six
e rr ree o s re n ere e ree e rs o n e ,
n o

th e fi l d H i n d m an s re port m st h v b n i c
,

missi g As th ey l f t a m u ch l a g n m be d ad
n . e r er u e ct
r e on e
’
u a e ee n orr .

Garfi ld in h is re p rt say s that t we ty s v dead i n g ts we fo n d th fi l d th n xt m i g

,

e o n -
e en su r en re u on e e e e orn n .
, ,

T h R ich m
e d pape rs p t d th battl as a s cc ss for th e i n u ge ts in w hich th y l t ly n i kill d
on re or e e e u e s r n ,
e os on ne e

h sam
an d t e m ber w oun d ed :w hil th l ss f th e Nati nal s w as “f m 400 t 500 kill d an d abou t th e
e nu e e o o o ro o e ,

same n u m ber w oun d ed l S uch was th e usual character of th e re ports in th e Con fed erate n ew spapers un der th e
”
,
 F O RCES O F ZO LLIC O FFER AND BUE LL .

Th i s vict ory on the Big S andy w as s oo n foll o w e d by an othe r of th e

re ate st imp ort ance o n the b orde rs o f the C u mbe rl and R iv e r fart h e r we st
g '
, ,

w ard Z ol licofl er as we h ave ob se rved h ad e st abli sh e d himse lf in th e

.
, ,

regi o n o f the u ppe r w ate r s o f the C u mbe rl and At the cl o se o f .

1 361
a
“ .

the ye ar he w as s t ro ngly int renched at Beech G rov e on the ,

n orth side of th at rive r o pp o site Mill Sp ring in P u l aski C ou nty at th e ben d , , ,

o f th e st re am whe re it re ceive s the White O ak C re e k O n a range of hill s .

th at ri se sev e ral h u nd red fe et ab o ve th e rive r an d with w at e r on th re e si de s ,

o f him he h ad c o n st ru cted a se r i e s o f fortific ati o n s

,
an d on the o pp o site o r ,

so u th side o f th e C u mb e rl and he h ad al so e rected s u pp orting w ork s The re .

he h ad g ath ere d a l arge p art of h is force c omp os ed of infan t ry c av al ry an d

‘

, , ,
”
artille ry ; an d the re e arly in J an u ary he w as j o ined by M aj or
b 1 862 .
, ,

G e ne ral Ge orge B C rittenden al re ady menti oned wh o h ad been .

, ,
‘

d i sch arg e d from the N ati on al army b e c au se of h is i n temperanc e , an d h ad

esp ou sed the c au se of the c on spi rat ors while a b roth e r w as in the milit ary ,

s e rvice of the G ove rnment in the same St ate He ranked Z oll ic ofl e r an d ,

.
'

6
assu med the chief c o mm and O n th e same day he i n flicted a .
‘

J an . .

“
l ong an d b o mb astic p ro cl am ati on o n the pe ople of Kent u cky ”
,

cl osing with the appe al “ Will you j oin i n th e m oving c ol u mn s of the ,

'

S ou th or i s the spi rit of Kent u cky de ad

,

At thi s time Gen e ral B u ell h ad u nde r h is c omm an d ab ou t on e h u nd red

an d fou rteen th ous an d m e n c omp o sed chiefly o f citizen s of O hi o I n di an a , , ,

Illin o i s Michig an Wi sc on sin Minn e , , ,

sot a Pe n n sylv ani a an d l o y ali st s o f , ,

Kent u cky an d Tenne ssee with ab ou t ,

o n e h u n d red an d tw e nty six piece s -

”
of artille ry Thi s l arge army w as .

divided int o fou r g rand divi si on s ,

c o m m an de d re sp ec tiv el y b y B rigadier
Gene ral s Alex ande r McD ow e l l Mc
C o o k O rm sby M Mitch e l G e o rge
,
.
,

II Th om as an d Th om as L C ritt on
.
,
.

den acting as m aj or gene ral s aided

,
-

by twenty b rig ade c omm ande rs .

The se divi si on s occ u pied a lin e

ac ross the St ate ne arl y p arallel to ,

th at held by the C onf ed e rate s

OS B U ELL
.

ARL
DO N C .

Mc C o ok s as we h ave o b serv e d w as ’ ‘

, ,

in th e vicinity of Mum fordsv il le . B rig adier Gene ral Willi am N el son w as

-

ey e of c pi at at R ich m d With th m t ab d m d city th y m d th d c i v d p pl b l i v e

th e on s r ors on . e os sur en a ,
e a e e e e e eo e e e

th at i v y fight th C f d t w
n e er vict y v v a tly up i
e mb
on e killi g w d i g d
e ra e s on a or o er s s e r or n u e rs, n , ou n n ,
an

c pt i g th N ati al by h d d a d th
a ur n e d Th e fal p t w m ad p p t d c iv th
on s un re s n o usan s. es se re or s e re e on ur ose o e e e e

p pleo a t d aw m
e , so i t th m y a d m y f m th p ck ts f th d p f th c pi at s
s o r en n o e ar , n on e ro e o e o e u es o e on s r or .

S p g 1 85
ee a e .

Th c
9 t ib ti e f th Stat t B ll a m y w a f ll w : Oh i thi ty gi m t f i fa t y tw
on r u on s o e se es o ue
’
s r e re s o o s o, r re en s o n n r , o

rn d a h alf f c v al y a d ight b at t i
o f a till y ; I d ia
a r , t w ty v
n e gi m t f i fant y
e r es o a d a r er n n a, en -
se en r e en s o n r ,
on e n

h alf gi m t f caval y a d fi b att i f a ill y ; Illi i s th r gi m n t f i nf t y K t cky

re en o r ,
n ve e r es o rt er no ree e e s o an r en u ,

f aval y a d tw b att i
,

tw ty f
en gi m t f i fa y f
-
ou r re en s o f till y ; P ylv a i a th
n n tr ,
o ur ogi m t c r ,
n o er e s o ar er en n s n ,
ree re en s

of i f a t y tw
n n r f c av l y a d ,
batt y f a till y ; Michig th
o o a r , gi m
n t f i f t y a d b att y
one er o r er an , ree re en s o n an r , n on e er

ra til l y :Wi c i th gi m t f i fa t y ; Minn ta tw regi m t i i fa t y a d batt y f ’

o r er s on s n , ree re en s o n n r e so , o en s o n n r n o ne er o

artill ry ; T n sse tw regi m ts f i nfa t y

e e ne e, o en o n r .
 MILITAR Y M O VEMENT S IN EA S TERN KEN T U C K Y . 1 93

ab ou t ten mile s farthe r e ast with a c on side rable force an d M i tchel s w as , ,

’

h e ld as a re se rve to aid Mc C ook in h is c o ntempl at e d att ack on Hindm an at ,

C ave C ity Gen e ral Th om as w as at C o l u mb i a midw ay between B owling

.
,

G reen o n the we st an d S ome rset on the e ast an d C ri tte n d e n w as in the , ,

e xt reme e ast e rn p art of the St ate in the di recti o n of C u mbe rl and G ap ,

.

T o Ge n e ral T h om as w as assigned the d u ty of att acking the C onfede rat e s

at Be e ch G ro ve an d Mil l Sp ring wh e re at the middle o f J an u ar y the r e we re , , ,

ab o u t ten th ou sand e fl e c tiv e men with ne arly twenty piec e s of artille ry If

'

.
,

su cce ss fu l the re T h om as w as to p u sh on ove r th e C u mbe rl and M ou nt ain s

,

int o th e g re at v alley of East T e nn e ssee se i ze the railw ay th at t rave rsed th at ,

regi o n an d afforded q u ick c o mm u n ic ati o n between the C onfede rate armie s in

,

the We st an d in Virgi n i a an d libe rate th e East Tenne ssee an s fro m thei r ter ,

ribl e th rall It w as a g re at w ork to be p e rformed an d T h om as w as p reci sely

.
,

the m an fo r the t ask He ente red u p o n it with al ac rity He divided h is force . .

,

giving a sm alle r p orti o n to th e c are of Gene ral Sch oe pf at S o me rset while he ,

led the re m ai n de r in pe rson in a fl ank m ovement from C ol u mbi a by w ay of , ,

J ame st own He re ached L og an s C ross R oad s ten mile s from Beech G rove
.
’
, ,
“
.
on the 1 7th whe re d u ring the p rev ale n ce of a he avy rain st orm
, ,
-

he g athe red h is t roop s an d m ad e di sp ositi o n for an immedi ate

att ack In the me an tim e the C onfede rate s h ad l e ft their in
.
1

tre n ch m e n ts an d h ad m arched to meet h im ,

Gene ral C rittenden sati sfied .
,

th at Z ol licofl e r s p ositi on w as u n ten able ag ain st su pe ri or n u mbe rs h ad

’
'
‘
,

dete rmined to t ake the offe n sive The F i shing C reek which l ay between .
,

the force s o f Th om as an d Sch oepf w as so sw ollen by the rain th at he hoped ,

to st rike the N ati on al s before th e se divi si o n s c o u ld u nite He c alled a .

c o un cil of w ar on the evening of the 1 8 th when it w as u n anim ou sly ag re ed ,

'
’
to m ake the att ack Z ol l icofl e r w as immedi ately o rde red to le ad the c o l u mn
. .

’
He st arted at midnight C arroll s B rig ade fo ll o wing h is F o ll owing the se , .
3

as a re se rve we re the S ixteenth A l ab am a C o l o nel Wo od an d B ranne r s

’
, ,

an d Mc C l ell an s b att ali o n s of c av al ry T he wh ole force w as between four

’
.

an d five th o u sand st rong At e arly d awn Z oll ic ofi er s adv anc e met the
'
’
.
,

U ni o n picket s .

Gene ral Th om as h ad been advi sed of thi s m o vement He h ad m ade

'

di sp ositi on s acc o rd ingly an d the pick e t s enc o u nte red by the C onfede rate , ,

v ang u ard we re of Woolford s c av al ry The se fell sl owly b ack an d Wool

,
’
.
,

ford rep orted to C o l onel M D M an son of the Tenth Indi an a w h o w as in . .

, ,

c o mm an d of the Sec o nd B rig ade st ati oned in adv ance of the m ain b ody ,
.

Th at office r formed h is ow n an d the F ou rth Kent u cky (C ol onel S S F ry) . .

in b attl e order at the j u ncti o n of the So me rs et an d Mill Sp ring R oad s

.
, ,

1 The li t ch m t w a
i xt iv th at th f c w
n e or n re n t ffi ci t t d f d it th ghly T h
en s s so e en s e e or e as n o su en o e en orou . e

fa f th
ce o t y w a ch th t th w a bad a g f a till y A t th am ti m th c t y a d th
e c ou n r s su a e re s r n e or r er . e s e e, e oun r ro un e

p t c l d t f i h d q at b i t c f th a m y A t th ti m i q ti th t p w
os ou no urn s a e u ed c dt su s s en e or e r . e e n ue s on. e roo s e re re u e o

a i gl
s n ati f b f
e r d a h lf ati
on o f c a d y th l att
ee b i g pa ch d d t i d m l
an a r on o o rn a ,
e er e n r e ,
an no ssu e as ea .

C 2
p d c f th Lm i ml l C i by a y w it
o rre s o n en J a a y 25th 1 862
e o e t s
‘

e ou r er, n e e- n e ss, nu r ,
.

Z lli fi o B i gad w a c m p d f th F ift th Mi i ippi a d th T

co
‘

er s
’
r e gi m t f C l l
s o o se o e ee n ss ss ,
n e e n n esse e re en s o o on e s

C mm i g B ttl a d St t m a chi g i th d h
u n s, a e, am d w ith f
n g mm d d by C ptai
an o n , r n n e or e r e re n e ,
o ur u n s co an e a n

R tl dg i mm d i at ly i th a f th Mi i ippi
u e e, e Ca ll t p w e c m p d f th T
e n e re giro e ss ss an s. rro
'
s roo s re o ose o e e n n esse e re

m t f C l l N wm a M ay a d P w ll w ith tw g mm d d by C pt i Mc c l g m chi g
v C val y b tt li i 1 M :0 1 “
en s o o on e s e n, u rr n o e o u n s co an e a a n un ,
ar n
, ,

i th
n d am d C l l W d Sixt th A l b m a w i
e or e r n e . o on e oo
‘
s een a a as n re se r e . a r a a o ns n i 19 N 0 00

Bar n n er onth ight a d C l l M Cl lla

e r th l ft I d p d t c m pa i i f t f th ad v a c g i
, n o on e c e n on e e . n e en en o n es n ron o e n e re

m t F ll wi g th w h l w am b l a c s a d amm iti a d th wag

e n s. o o n e o e e re u n e , n un on n o er o n s.

VO L II — i 3 . .
 BA TTLE O F M ILL S PRIN G .

b
a ou t five mile s fro m the l atte r pl ace to aw ait att ack an d then s ent a , ,

c ou rie r to inform T h om as of the s it u ati on The c o mm anding gen eral .

h astened forw ard to view the p ositi o n when he fou n d the C o nfede rate s ,

adv ancing th ro u gh a c o rn fi el d to fl ank the F o u rth Kent u cky He im m e di

-
.
,

ately o rde red u p the Tenne ssee b rig ade an d a s ecti o n of artille ry an d sent ,

ord e rs f or C o l o n el R L Mc C ook to adv ance with h is tw o re g ime n t s (N inth

. .

O hi o M aj or K aemme rling an d Sec o nd Minne sot a C o l on e l H P Van C leve)

, , ,
. .

to the su pp o rt o f the v ang u ard .

T h e b attle w as o pened at ab ou t six o cl ock by th e K e nt u cky an d O hi o

’

r egimen t s an d C apt ain Kin n ey s B atte ry st ati on e d on the e dge o f the field ’
, , ,

to the le ft o f the F ou rth Ke n t u cky It w as bec omi n g ve ry w arm when .

Mc C o ok s re se rve s c ame u p to th e su pp o rt of the N ati o n al s Th e n th e C on

’
.

fe de rate s Op e ned a m ost g alling fi re

u p o n th e little l i n e which m ade it ,

w av er At th at m om e nt it w as .

s t rengthe n ed b y the arriv al of th e

Tw el fth Kent u cky C ol on e l W A ,
. .

H oskin s an d the Te n ne sse e B rig ade , ,

w h o j oined in the fight The c onfl ict .

bec ame ve ry seve re an d fo r a t im e it ,

w as d ou btfu l which side w ou ld be ar

o ff th e p alm o f vict ory The N ati o n .

al s h ad fallen b ack an d we re h o tl y ,

c onte st ing the p osse ss i on of a c om

m anding hill with Z oll ic ofl e r s B ri
'
’
,

g ade when th at Gene ral w h o w as at , ,

the he ad of h is c o l u mn an d ne ar th e ,

c re s t with C o l onel B attle s regiment ’

,

w as killed T he C on fede rate Gene ral .

C ritt e nden immedi at e ly t ook h is

pl ace an d with the assi st an ce of , ,

C arro ll s B rig ade

’
c o ntin u ed th e ,

st ru ggle fo r the hill f o r almost tw o

h ou rs B u t the g alling fi re of th e .
,

S e c on d Minne sot a an d a h e avy ,

ch arg e o f the N i n th O h i o with b ay o

M H B A TT LE m
A P or T m E or x. sp a s )
net s on the C o nfede rate fl ank c om ,

e ll e d the l atte r to give w a

p y an d they re t re ated t o w ard thei r c amp at B e ech ,

G rove in g re at c onfu si on p u rsu ed by the vict ori ou s N ati on al s to the su m

, ,

mit of M ou lden s Hill F ro m th at c omm andin g p oi n t S tan dart s an d Wet

’
.
’

m ore s B atte rie s c ou ld s we e p the C onfe de rate w ork s while Kinney s B at

’
,
’

tery s t ati oned n e ar R u ssell s h o u se o n the ext reme le ft opened fi re u p o n

’
, ,

the fe rry to p rev e nt the C on fed e rate s from e sc api n g ac ro ss the C u m b ei l an d

,
.

S u ch w as the sit u ati on o n S u nd ay e v en in g at the cl ose of the ,

J 19
an
b attle when Th o m as w as j o ined by the F ou rteenth O hi o C o l o nel
.
,

1 862 .
, ,

Stedm an an d the Tenth Ke n t u cky C o l onel Harl an ; al so by G e ne ral

, ,

1 a s an c n s .
— Th e fig u res 1 , 2, 8, 4, 5 , an d 6, f
re er to th e fi st
r an d su cc d i g p iti
ee nf th T th I di
os on s o e en n
an a R gi m en t i
e n th e battl ; 8,
e d t
en o e s th e se o n c d p itios on o f th e F our th K t cky ; 9 th c d p iti f
en u , e se on os on o

th e S c d Mi
e on n n e so t a ; 1 0, th e thi d p iti
r os on o f th e sa me ; an d 1 1 , th e se co d p iti f th N i th Ohi
n os on o e n o.
 RES U LT OF T HE BA TTLE O F M ILL S PRIN G .
. 1 95

S ch o epf, with the S e vente e nth T hi rty fi rst an d Thi rty e ighth O hi o Di sp o si ,
-
,
-
.

ti o n w as m ad e e arly th e next m orn ing to assau lt the C o nfe de rate int renchment s ,

when it w as asce rt ained th at the w ork s we re ab and o ned The bele ag u e red .

t ro op s h ad fled in sil e nc e ac ro ss the 1 1 v er u n de r c ove r of the d arkne ss '

, ,

ab an d o ning e ve ry thi n g in thei r c amp an d d e st ro yi n g the ste am e r N obl e ,

E l l is (which h ad c o me u p th e rive r with su ppl i e s) an d th re e fl at b oat s which ,

-

h ad c arri e d th e m s afely o ve r the st re am

‘
De sti t u te of p rovi si on s an d
’

forage the sadly smitt e n C o n fe de rat e s w e re p arti ally di spe rse d am on g the
,
-

h i ll s o n th e b orde rs of Kent u cky an d T e n n e sse e while seeki n g b oth C rit ,

.

te n den re t re at e d fi rst to M onticell o an d th e n c ontin u ed h is fl i gh t u n til he ,

re ached L ivi n g st o n an d G aine sb o ro u gh in the di re cti o n of N ashville in , ,

orde r to be in O p e n c o mm u nic ati o n with he ad q u art e rs at the l atte r pl ace -

an d to g u ard the C u mb e rl an d as f ar ab o v e it as p o ssibl e .

Th u s e n ded the B AT TL E O F M I LL S P R I N G (which h as b e e n al so c all e d the

B attle o f Beech G ro ve F i shi n g C reek an d S om erset) with a l o ss to the , , ,

N ati o n al s of tw o h u nd re d an d fort y se v e n of wh om thi rty n ine we re k i ll e d -

,
-

an d tw o h u n d re d an d eight w e re w ou nded ; an d to the C onfede rate s of

th re e h u n d red an d fo rty nin e o f wh o m -

on e h u nd re d an d nin e ty tw o w e re -

kill e d sixty tw o w e re w ou nd e d an d
,
-

eighty nine w e re m ade p ri so n ers

-
.

Am on g the k i lled as w e h ave se e n , ,

w as Ge n e ral Z o ll ic o fler wh ose l oss at , ,

th at tim a w as i rrep arabl e The .

’

sp o il s of vict ory fo r T h om as we re
twelv e pi e c e s of artille ry with th re e ,

c ai sso n s p ack e d tw o army forg e s o n e , ,

8

b atte ry w ag o n a l arge am o u n t of am ,

m u niti o n an d sm all arm s m o re th an a ,

th o u san d h orses an d m u le s w ag on s
“m F O RG E
, ,
0 O
y
c o m m l ssar st ore s t oo l s
O

1 n tre n c h 1 n
y g , ,

S m cc t ay th t th E l li w
1 o e a t
o un s sfi by th h ll f th N t i l b t th p p d a c f
a e s as se on re e s e s o e a o n a s, u e re on er n e o

t ti m y i i f v f th t t m t i th t xt T h C f d t h p d t p v t i mm d i t p it by
es on s n a or o e s a e en n e e . e on e e ra e s o e o re en e a e u rsu

l avi g thi g w hich th i f c l d c th iv

e n no n on e r oe ou ross e r er .

Th C f d e t ff d t ibly i th i t at Si c S t d y ight w t
on e era e s su e re e rr f th i ffic n e r re re . n e a ur a n ,
”
ro e on e o e r o ers,

w h db t
e a h f l p a d c c ly
u an m l f f d F a w h l w k w h v b m chi g d a
o ur o s ee ,
n s ar e a o rse o oo . or o e ee e a e e en ar n un er

ba b i t c d I h v at l gth pp ch d th t p i t i
re s u s s e n e, an a e l di c w h a h a d f l f p ch d
en a roa e a o n n a so er s
’
areer en n u o ar e

c m y b c i d d a fi tcl d i
orn a e on s W m ch d th fi t f w d y th g h a b
e re rs -
as s gi wh n n er . e ar e e rs e a s ro u arre n re on , e re

su ppli c l d t b btai d I h v m th
es ou no c
e o th m kill a p k w ith th i g
ne . a eta d ore an on e se e n
. e en or er e r u n s, c u n

q a t i t a d b il it
u r er ,th c l d th
n t it w ith
ro t b ad
on lt T h ff i g f th m f m th
e oa s, an e n ea ou re o r sa . e su er n o e en ro e

w t f th
an o c i f lif f cl thi g d f p h b m t i t
e n e e ssar e s o e, o a d am m l ch ly p ct cl
o n an o re o se, as ee n os n e n se, n ore e an o s e a e

thi l m h g y d w iy p c i c l d c c ly b i m gi d
,

th
”
an s so e n, un r ,
an ea
'
ro e ss on , ou s ar e e a ne .

Z lli fi w o kill d by C l l F y f th F th K t cky Th t fii acc d i g t h i w t t

co
’
er as e o o ne r ,
o e o ur en u . a o ce r, or n o s o n s a e

m t i a l tt t h i w if w l a di g h i gi m t i a ch g p th Mi i ippi
en n e er o s e, as wh h w m i t k
e n s re en n ar e u on e ss ss an s, en e as s a en

for a C f d t fii by Z lli fi
on e Th l att
e ra e o d p t F y yi g h p i t d t w d th Mi i ip
cer o co
'

e r. e e r ro e u o r sa n as e o n e o ar e ss ss

H y M F gg
, ,

pi an s, Y tg i t fight y
o u are n o fri d y Y A t th t i
o ng ta t Z lli ff
o id M j our en s, are ou
”
a ns n o co er s a
‘
,
a or e nr . o ,

f N a hvill fi d at F y w di g h i h F y t d d fi d killi g Z lli fi t k wi g at th ’

o s e, re r o un n s o rse r urn e an re n o co er, n o no n e

, .
,

ti m h i p
e s hi a k H wa c v
e rson o r d i w hit bb c t a d th p vi
s r n . e v i g h ad h i b d
s o e re n a e ru er oa ,
n on e re ou s e en n s e ar

hvd fl
s a e o tt b
"
ily c g iz d T h i l f Z l l i fi w m t lly w d d t th m ti m
, so as n o o e e as re o n e e a z o o co
'

cr as or a ou n e a e sa e e.

l Hi dm
.

Z li fi
ox c o b d y w tak t M m f d ill d t by fl f t c t G
’
er s
’
o as en o u It w h or d sv e , an se n a ag o ru e o en era n an . as on ore

w ith a f l l t at th N ti l c m p w h it w c i d v G
u n era sa u e e R iv a on a a en as arr e o er re e n er.

T h a m y f g i a p a t f th
3 e r q ip m t f a c p f a till y caval y i th fi l d a d i p tabl It
or e s r o e e u en o or s o r er or r n e e ,
n s or e.

c i t f a f —w h l d ca i g w i th c m p t m t i w hich a bl ck m ith
on s s s o ou r ee e tfit f f l d i m pl m t
rr a e, o ar en s n a s
‘
s ou o ue an e en s

m ay b ca i d a d m ay b m d
e rr e ad y f , i th c
n f h alf eh Th f a d th
a e re hi d w h l f or u se n e ou rse o an our . e ore n e n ee s o

th ce i ag m ay b s pa at d
arr e li m b d —th am a th
e e r f c e A ttach d t th f w h l a
un ere e s e s ose o a an n on . e o e ore ee s re
1 96 BEA U REG AR D S EN T T o T HE ,
WES T .

an d c amp e qu ipage The men in thei r flight left alm ost every thing behi nd .

them except the cl othing on thei r pe rson s

,
.
‘

Thi s vict o ry w as c o n side red on e of the m ost imp ort ant th at h ad yet been
achi eved by the N ati o n al arm s It b roke th e l ine of th e C onfe de rate s in .

Kent u cky op e ned a d oor of de l iv e ran ce for East T enn e ssee an d p rep ared
, ,

the w ay for th at se rie s of su cce ssfu l o p e rati on s by which ve ry soo n afte rw ard
the inv ade rs w e re expelled fro m b o th St ate s T h e G o ve rnment an d the .

l oy al p e ople h ailed the tid ing s of the t ri u mph with g re at joy The Sec ret ary .

of War by o rd e r of the P re side n t i ssu ed an o rde r ann o u nc ing the event

, , ,

an d p u blicly th anki n g the ofiice rs an d so ldi e rs w h o h ad achieved th e v ict o ry .

He d e cl ared th e p u rp ose o f th e w ar to be to p u rsu e an d de st ro y a re b e lli ou s

enemy an d to de li v e r the c o u nt ry fro m d ang e r an d c on cl u ded by saying
, ,
“In the p rompt an d spi rit e d m o v e m e n t s an d d ari n g at Mill Sp ring the
,
” ”
n ati o n will re aliz e it s h o pe s an d d e light to h o n or its b rave soldie rs ,
.

The defe at w as s eve rely felt by the C o nf e de rat e s ; fo r th e y we re wi se

en ou gh to u nde rst and its signific anc e p ro phe sy ing as it t ru ly did of fu rthe r , , ,

mel an ch o ly di sast e rs to th ei r c au se T h e c o n spi rat o rs p e rc e ived the u rgent .

nece ssity fo r a b o ld abl e an d d ashing c o mm ande r in the We st an d believ ing , , ,

’
Be au reg ard to be su ch an o n e he w as o rd e re d to J o h n sto n s ,

an d G e n e ral G W Smith w h o h ad b e e n an active

J 0 27 an “
1 862
Dep artment
.

.
,

,
. .
,

d e m o c ratic p o litici an in N ew Y o rk city w as app o i n te d to su e ,

c ee d him at M an assas C ritt e nden w as h an dl e d with o u t me rcy by the c ritic s ’

. .

He w as ac c u se d o f t re ache ry by so m e an d o th e rs m ore ch arit able ch arged , , ,

the l oss o f the b attle to h is d ru nk e n ne ss All w e re c o mpelled to ackn o wl e dge .

a s e ri o u s di sast e r an d fro m it d rew the m o st gl o omy c o ncl u si on s ,

Thei r .

de sp o nd e ncy w as deepened by the bl o w re c e iv e d by th e C o nfede rate c au se

at R o an o ke I sl an d soo n afte rw ard an d the fe e ling bec ame on e o f al m o st

de sp ai r wh e n a few d ay s l ate r ev e n t s of still g re at e r imp o rt an ce an d m ore

, , , ,

with e ring to th e i r h ope s which w e are ab ou t to c on side r o cc u rre d on the , ,

Tenne ssee an d C u mbe rl and R ive rs “ .

S o active an d skillfu l h ad J o hn st o n b e en in h is D e p artment in st re ngth ,

e n in g h is i rreg u l ar line o f p o st s an d fo rt ific ati o n s fo r n e arly fo u r h u nd red

th e bx o es for su ppli e s an d t
oo l s, an d to th e re ar wh l ee s b ll w d f g
th e e o s an or e , as se e n in th e en g vi g Wh
ra n en

n eed df e th vil i t
or u se, d pl c e an s tk
a e n ou an a e d on a bl ck ma d f m y ighb
o e ro an ne or ni gt ree, an d th w k m e or ay

b p d ily b g
e s ee e un .

R p t fG
1 el Th m t G
or l B o e n e ra o as o e n e ra ue ll d t d
,
a e at S m o e rse t K t cky
,
en u ,
J an 31, 1 86 2 ; a
. l s o th e re p o rts
o f hi b d i t ffic
s su o r na e o ers .

O 2 l vi g th m y t M
n ea B n d ch ct i tic dd t th m t lli g th m h
e ar a an assas, e aure ga d i r ssu e a ara er s a ress o e , e n e e

h pdo e t b b k m
soo n g th m I m oi h ei d “th t m y b v c t y m h i m f ti g
ac a on e . a an x o u s,
"
e sa ,
a ra e oun r en e re n ar s, ron n

th h g hty
e au y d m t f N th m c i h l d th ghly pp ci t th xig cy A ll d i g
arra an u s er o or ern er e n ar e s, s ou oro u a re a e e e en .
”
u n

t th i d i q i t d b c
o e r f l g i cti
s d th d i p iti
u e u t giv
e p h i d it w ti m f
e au se o th m on na on , an e . s os on o e u , e sa as n o e or e en

of th P t m ce m y “t t ck th i m
oo d f l v
a far b i f p i d h t d d th y h d m d gl i
o sa e r ar s, an ur , e en or a r e er o ,
t e s an ar s e a a e or o u s

by th i m h d e r an oo .
”

3 S ee pg a e 1 73 .

4 Th e se iv Th Tare i i th
re gg d v ll y f S th w t Vi gi i
m a k abl
r e r e rs. e e nn e sse e r se s n e ru e a e s o ou e s e rn r n a,

b twe th A ll gh y a d C m b l a d M tai s h avi g t ib t i c m i g t f N th C li a d

ee n e e an n u er n o un n , n r u ar e s o n ou o or aro n an

G gi a l t w p i a i mm
eor . c v th gh N th A l b m a f
s ee s n ly th h d d m il f m it
n e n se ur e ro u or ern a a or n e ar re e un re es , ro s
n or th a t t it th w t c
e s a d th
o t i gT
s n or p th gh i t i a d
es th c
o rne r, wh n en e n er n e n n esse e , asse s ro u n ue n or o urse. en ,

b d i g a littl a th K t cky b d i t t v
en n e ne r th t Stat i th w t ly d i cti a d f ll i t th
e en u o r e r, ra e rse s a e n a n or es e r re on, n a s n o e

O hi v ty m il b v it m th It d i
o se en f f ty th
es a o d q a m ile di s av igabl f
ou . ra ns an area o or o u san s u re e s, an s n e or

sm all v l t K xvill fi h d d m il f m it m th
esse s o no e, ve un re es ro s ou .

T h C m b l a d R iv
e i u th w t l p f th C m b l d M tai s i Ea t K t cky
er n er r se s o n e e s e rn s o es o e u e r an oun n , n s e rn en u ,

sw p a ee d i t Mi dd l T
s ro u n a d t mi g n o th w d i a c g lly p a all l t th T
e en n e sse e. n a n n or ar ,
n o u rse e n e ra r e o e e n n e ssee

R i v fall i t th Ohi It i avig bl f l a g t m b at tw h d d a d fifty m il

er, s n o e o. d f m ll
s n a e or r e s ea o s o un re n e s. an or s a er

one s, at high w at a ly th h d d m il f th e r, n e r re e un re es ar er .
 T HE C O N ED ERA E S F T IN KEN T U C K Y AN D TENN ESS EE .
1 97

mile s ac ro ss So u the rn Kent u cky an d within the Tenne s see b ord e r fro m C um ,

be rl and G ap to C o l u mb u s on the Mi ssi ss ippi th at when Gene ral T h om as h ad ,

acc o mpli shed the fi rst p art o f the w o rk he w as se nt to pe rform it w as th ou ght ,

exp edient n ot to p u sh farthe r se ri o u sly in the di recti o n of East T e nn e ssee , ,

j u st at th at time It w as evid e nt th at the C onfed e r .

P A I N T VUL

ate s we re p re p arin g to m ake an e ffort to seize L ou i s

vill e P ad u c ah Smithville an d C ai ro on th e O hi o in
, , , , ,

o rde r to c o mm an d the m o st imp o rt ant l an d an d w ate r

highw ay s in Kent u cky so as to m ak e it the chi e f b attle ,

g rou nd in th e We st as Vi rgini a w as in the East an d , ,

k ee p the h o rrors of w ar fro m th e soil of the m ore

So u the rn St ate s A s C h arle st o n w as d e fended on the
.

R E ION OF
G H I L I I ABY H
‘ ‘
O M E N“ E A STE R N K E NT U
IN C KY .
‘

P ot om ac so N ew O rle an s w as to b e d e fe nded by c arrying the w ar u p to the

,

b ank s o f the O hi o Loo king at a m ap o f K e nt u cky an d Vi rgini a an d con

.
,

side rin g the attit u d e o f the c o ntending fo rc e s in e ach at th at time the re ade r ,

m ay make a st ri king p aralleli sm which a c arefu l w rite r o n the su bj ect h as

’
p o inted ou t .

G ove rned by a milit ary nece ssity which ch angi n g c irc u m s t ance s h ad ,

c re ated it w as d e te rmined to c o ncent rate the force s of H alleck an d B u ell in

,

a g rand fo rw ard m o vem e nt ag ain st the m ain b o die s an d fo rtific ati o n s of the

C onfede rate s Th o m as s v ict ory at Mill Sp ring h ad so p aralyzed th at line

.
’

e astw ard of B owling G reen th at it w as p ractic ally sh ortened at le ast on e ,

h al f C ritte n den as we h ave ob se rved h ad m ade h is w ay t ow ard N ashville

.
, , ,

an d le ft the C u mbe rl and alm o st u ng u arded ab o ve th at city ; yet so m o u n

tain o u s w as th at re gi o n an d so b arren of su b s i stence th at a fl ank m o ve , ,

1
cc t f th m v m t i Ea t K t cky
F or an a ou n o o Chapt II I f thi v l m
er o e en s n s e rn en u see er o s o u e .

q t L i vill w th bj ct f attack
.
,

If Wa hi g t w a th at d i th
s n on s re ene th th A n e on e uar e r, ou s e as e o e o on e o er
. s

F t M
o r ress w ag t b i f p ati at
o n roe as xt m ity f i hi g m a d m
re a as s o wa C i o er on s one e re urn s n en n ar s, so s a ro on

Wh t th l i
,

th w t ; a d a th
e es h ad a m
n ci g ighb i N f lk h ad th th i C l m b
s e on e ena f th n ne or n or o . so eo er n o u us . a e ne o e

K a aw ha w a t N th
n Vi gi i a p t ti g h m tai
s o or ern gi th B ig S d y w ith it t ib t i
r n , e n e ra n t e o un n ou s re on, e an ,
s r u ar e s

em ptyi g al i th Ohi w a t th d fi l f Ea t K t cky Wh t M a a

n so n e o, s R ich m d w i
o e e es o s ern en u . a an ss s or on as, n on e

q a t t th f B wli g G
u r e r, o e a g
oe, at ail w ay c
o t w a t th th A Vi gi i w pi c d th
n re e n , re r e n e r, s o e o er . s r n a as er e on e

a t by th
e s Jam a d th R p pah a k d th Y k w a K t cky th w t by th C m b l d a d
e es n e a n n oc an e or so s en u on e es e u er an n

i t h l d N Wp t N w [ N w p t—
,

T ; a d a th U i
e n n e sse e n s e N w ] a p i t f g at t at gic i m p ta c at
n on s s e e or e s e or e ce . o n o re s r e or n e

th m e th f f th
ou t m
o on e o w th y i p i f P d c h p l c f q al g t ad va t g
e se s rea s, so ere e n os se ss on o a u a a a e o e u or rea er n a e,

t a to a th —Hi t y f th Wa f th U i by E A D y k i k
,
”
at th e en r n ce no er. s or o e r or e n on , . . u c nc .
1 98 C ONF ED ERA E T WO R KS IN KEN T UC K Y AN D TENN ESS EE .

ment in th at directi on w ou ld h ave been pe rformed with m u ch difiicu l ty

an d d ange r .

The g re at b o dy of the C o nfederate

t roop s an d the ir chief fortific ati on s , ,

we re b e twee n N ashville an d B o wling

G reen an d the Mi ssi ssippi R ive r an d u p on ,

the se the c ombined armie s of Halleck

an d B u ell p re p ared to m ove The s e .

fortific ati o n s h ad b e en c o n st ru cte d with

s kill as to l oc ati o n an d form u nd e r the , ,

di re cti o n of Gene ral Polk an d chi e fly by ,

the l ab or of sl ave s The p rincip al w ork s .

we re red ou bt s on I sl and N o 1 0 in the .

,

Mi ssi ssippi R ive r an d at C ol u mb u s on it s , ,

e aste rn b ank ; F o rt H e n ry on the Ten ,

n e sse e R iv e r an d F o rt D o n e l so n on the , ,

C um be rl and R ive r Th e tw o l atte r we re .

in Tenn e sse e n ot far bel o w the line di ,

y idi n g it fro m Ke n t u cky at p o int s whe re ,

th e tw o riv e rs app ro ach within a few mile s

P LA N H OF T A T O L U M B US
E F O BT I F I C A TI O N S C
o f e ach o th e r
.

D u ring the au t u mn an d e arly wi nt e r a n av al arm ament p roj ected by , ,

F rem ont fo r s e rvice on the Mi ssi ssippi R ive r h ad be e n in p rep arati o n at St ,

.

L ou i s an d C ai ro f o r c o o p e rati o n with the milit ary fo rc e s in the We st

,
-
It .

o f tw e lv e u n b o at s
c o n si st e d at the cl o se of J ann ary (so me
‘

g
-

1 86 20 , ,
.

new an d o the rs m ade o f rive r s te ame rs) c arrying on e h u nd red ,

‘
an d twenty six h e avy c ann o n an d so me light e r g u n s
-
the wh ol e c o mm anded ,

by F l ag offi c e r And re w H u ll F oote of the N ati on al n avy S e v e n of the se

-
,
.

b oat s w e re c o ve red with i ron pl at e s an d we re b u ilt ve ry wide i n p rop o rti o n ,

to thei r l e ngth so th at o n the still rive r w at e rs they might h ave alm ost th e
,

s te adine ss o f st ati o n ary l an d b atte rie s wh e n di sch argi n g th e i r he av y g u n s .

The side s of th e se arm o red ve ssel s we re m ade sl o ping u pw ard an d d o w nw ard

from the w ate r line at an angl e of fo rty fi v e de gre e s so as to w ard o ff sh ot
-
,
-

an d sh e ll an d they we re so c o n st ru cted th at in acti o n th e y c o u ld be kep t , ,

b ow on o r the b o w t o w ard the en e my

,
Thei r h u ll s we re m ade of he av y .

oak timbe r with t riple st rength at the b o w s an d sh e athed with w ro u ght

, ,

iro n pl ate s tw o an d a h alf inch e s i n thickn e ss Thei r e n gi n e s w e re v e ry .

p ow e rfu l so as to facilit ate m o vement s in acti o n ; an d e ach b oat c arri e d a

,

m ort ar of l 3 inch c alibe r -

.
’

The se ve ssel s alth ou gh o ri gin ally c on st ru cted f or se rvice on the Mi ssi s

,

s ippi R ive r we re fou nd to be o f s u fficiently light d raft to all ow th em to

,

n avig at e the C u mb e rl and an d T e nne ssee R ive rs int o wh ose w ate rs they ,

We re spe e dily summ o ned to assi st an arm y which Ge n e ral H alleck h ad ,

pl aced u nde r the c omm and of Gene ral G rant in an expediti o n ag ain st F ort s ,

1
N on e of th e can n on w ere l ess in m e tal than 82 po u n de rs S om e we re -
. 42 -
p
ou n d e rs ; so m e w ere n i ne an d
te n -
i n ch N avy Co l u m biads an d th e bow gu n s we re ri fl e d S4 po un d ers
,
-

d wi g wh
.

l a g f th v l w f th p p ti f b t 1 75 f t t
The r er o e se esse s ere o e ro or on o a ou ee o 50 f t
ee , an d ra n , e n ar m ed
a d l ad
n ab t fi f t f w at Th y w m
en. ou ve d by W t b t m
ee o er . e e re an n e e s e rn oa en an d E t as e rn Vo u n e e rs l t w h o h ad
be e n navigat c mm d d by ffi f th N ati al avy
ors, o an e o cers o e on n .
 PRE AR A P TI O N S T O S TRI KE T HE C O N E ERA E F D T LIN E .
1 99

Hen ry an d D onel son N otwith s t anding repe ated assu rance s h ad been given
.

to M all o ry — the C o nfede rate Sec re t ary o f the N avy— th at th e se fort s w ou ld

be in a g re at deg ree at the me rcy of the N ati o n al gu n b oat s ab u ilding th at
, ,
-

co n spi rat or w h o w as re m ark able fo r h is obt u sen e ss sl o w meth od an d in dif

, , ,

fe re n t intellect an d wh o se ign orance even of the ge o g raphy of Kent u cky

, , ,

an d T en n e ss ee h ad b e e n b ro adly t rave stied in

,
C o ng re ss p aid n o atten ,

ti o n to the se w arning s b u t l e ft b oth rive rs O p e n with ou t pl acing a single

,
-

fl o ating b att e ry u p o n eith e r Thi s omi ssi o n w as ob se rv ed an d t aken adv an

.

t age of by the N ati o n al s an d e arly in F eb ru ary a l arge force th at h ad

,

m o ved fro m the O hio R ive r w as p re ss ing t ow ard the d oo med fort s wh ose ,

roo rs s
' ‘
F LOTI LLA .

ca pt u re w o u ld m ake the w ay e asy to the re ar of B owling G reen By th at .

m o vem e nt the C o nfe d e rate li n e w ou ld be b roken an d th e immedi ate ,

ev ac u ati o n of Kent u cky by the i n v ad e rs w o u ld be m ade an inex o rable

nec e ssity .

Prelimin ary to thi s g rand adv anc e an d fo r the d o u ble p u rp ose of st u dy ,

ing the t o p og raphy of the c o u n t ry an d f o r deceiving the C o nfede rat e s c on,

ce rni n g th e re al de sign s o f the N ati o n al s sev e ral re c onn o i ssance s in con , ,

side rab l e fo rce w e re m ad e o n b o th side s o f the Mi ssi ssippi R ive r t o w ard

, ,

the rep u t e d imp regn able st ro ngh o ld at C ol u mb u s O ne of the se min o r e x pe .

ditio n s c o mp o sed of ab o u t seven th o u sand men w as c o mm anded by Gene ral

, ,

Mc C le rn an d w h o left C ai ro fo r F ort Je ff e rson an d othe r pl ace s bel ow in rive r

, , ,
“
t ran sp o rt s on the 1 0th o f J an u ary F ro m th at p oint h e penet rated
,
.

1 862 a

Kent u cky far t o w ard the Tenn e sse e line th re atening C o l u mb u s

.

an d the c o u nt ry in its re ar At the same time Gene ral P ain e m arched with
.
,

ne arly an e q u al fo rc e fro m Bi rd s P o i n t on the Mi sso u ri side of the Mi ssi s~

’
,

s ippi in the di recti o n o f C h arle st on for the p u rp ose of su pp ortin g Mc C l er

, ,

n and m e n acing N ew M ad rid an d rec on n oite ri n g C ol u mb u s ; wh i l e a thi rd

, ,

p arty six th ou sand st rong u nde r G e n e ral C F Smith m o v e d fro m Pad u c ah

, ,
. .
,

to M ay fi e ld in the di recti o n o f C o l u mb u s
,
Still an othe r force m o v e d e ast .
,

w ard to Smithl and between the Tenne ssee an d C u mb e rl and R iv e rs ; an d at

,

the same time gu n b oat s we re p at rolling the w ate rs of the O hi o an d Mi ssi s

-

s ippi th ose on the l atte r th re atening C o l u mb u s T he s e rec on n oite rin g

,
.

1 ll d
P o ar ’
s F irst Year f
o th e War ,
pg a e 237 .
 T HO M A S S M O VE ME N T T O WAR D
‘

EA S T TENNE SS EE .

p artie s al l ret u rn e d to thei r re spective st arting pl ace s p re p arat ory to the

g rand m ovement .

T he se O pe rati on s al armed an d perplexed th e C o nfede rate s an d so p u zzled ,

the new sp ape r c orre sp ondent s with the armie s th at the wilde st spec u l ati on s ,

ab ou t the i n tenti o n s o f Halleck an d B u ell an d the m o st ridic u l ou s c riti ,

c ism s o f th e i r d o ing s filled the p u blic j o urn al s T h e se S pec u l ati on s we re

,
.

m ad e m ore u n s ati sfact ory an d ab su rd by the m o veme n t s of Ge n e ral Th om as ,

immedi at e ly afte r the B attle of Mill Sp ri n g w h o it w as th e n believed by , ,

the u ninfo rm e d w as to be the imm e di ate libe rat or of East T e nne ssee H e
,
.

h ad c rossed the C u mbe rl an d R ive r in force aft e r the b attle of Mill Sp rin g , ,

at the he ad o f n avig ati o n at Waitsb o ro an d h ad p u sh e d a c o l u m n o n t o w ard ,

C u mbe rl an d G ap P redicti on s of gl ori o u s eve n t s in the g re at v all e y between

.

the Allegh any an d C u mbe rl and M ou n t ai n s we re freely off ered an d b e lieved ;

b u t the h ope s c re ated by the se w e re sp e ed i ly bl ast e d T he m o veme n t w as .

o n ly a fe i n t to deceive the C o n fede rate s an d w as su cce ssfu l T o save East ,

.

Tenne ssee fro m the g rasp of T h o m as J ohn st o n s e nt a l arge b ody of t roop s by ,

railw ay fro m B o wling G re e n by w a o f N ashville an d C h att an oog a to Kn o x

y
v i lle an d when the C onfe de rate force w as th u s we akened in front of B u ell
, ,

Th om as w as rec all e d Th e l atte r t u rned b ack m arched we stw ard an d.

, ,

j oin e d N el son at G l assgow in B arre n C o u nty on Harde e s right fl ank In , ,

’
.

the me an time Mitchel with h is re se rve s th at fo rm ed B u e ll s c e n te r h ad

, ,
’
,

m oved t ow ard the G re e n R ive r in th e di recti on of B owli n g G reen T h e se .

devel opment s s ati sfied J ohn st o n th at B u e ll w as c oncent rating h is fo rce s to

att ack h is fro n t so he c alled in h is ou tl ing p o st s as f ar as
y ,

p ru dence w o uld all o w an d p re p are d fo r the s h ock of b attle th at ,

"
,

n o w s e emed inevit able .

The c ombi n ed m o v e m e nt s of the army an d n avy ag ain st F ort s He n ry an d

D onel s on arranged by Gene ral s G rant an d C F Smith an d C omm od o re
,
. .
,
1

F oote an d app ro ved by Gene ral Halleck we re n ow c o mm e nc e d T he chief

, ,
.

obj ect w as to b re ak the line o f the C o n fede rate s which as w e h ave o b se rved , , ,

h ad been e st abli shed with c are an d skill ac ross the c ou nt ry fro m the G re at
R ive r to the m ou nt ai n s ; al so to g ain p osse ssi on o f thei r st ron gh ol ds an d to ,

fl ank th ose at C o l u mbu s an d B owli n g G ree n in the m ovement for cle aring ,

the Mi ssi ssippi R iv e r an d v alley o f all w arlike ob st ru cti o n s F ort H e n ry lying .

,

on a l ow b o tt o m l an d on the e aste rn or righ tb an k o f the T en n e ssee R ive r ,

in Stew art C ou nty Tenne ssee w as to be the fi rst obj ect of att ack
,
It l ay at ,
.

a ben d o f th at st re am an d its g u n s c o mm anded a re ach of the rive r bel o w it

,

t ow ard Panthe r I sl an d for ab ou t tw o mile s in a d i rect lin e T h e fort , ,

.

w as an i rre g u l ar fi el d w ork with five b asti on s the emb rasu re s revetted -

, ,

with s and b ag s It w as arm e d with sev e nteen he avy g u n s twelve of

-
.
,

which c omm anded the rive r B oth ab ove an d bel o w the fort w as a .

1 Gl S m ith m t h v b f lly i t ct d by F m t w ith th pl f h i Mi i ippi Vall y

e n era se e s o a e ee n u n s ru e re on e an o s ss ss e

cam paig A n ffic

. d S m ith c mm d (G
n o e r un l L w i Wall a ) i a l tt t th a th ay : O
er
‘
s o an e n era e s ce ,
n e er o e u o r, s s ne

ev i gG en n l S m ith t f m A t h i h ad q t s b f a c zy ti h p d h i m p th t bl
en e ra se n or e . s e -
uar e r ,
e ore o re , e o e ne s a on e a e,

a d w ith fi g
n w h i m p th
n t wi li g h g t w hit m tach
e rs n o on s d h i g ay y
a , al l th ti m en r n is rea e ous e , an s r e es e e as

b ight th fl m i h i g t h p i t d gl wi gly th w h l T
r as e a es n s R iv cam p aig I c ll ct di
ra e, e a n e o n e o e e n n e ssee er n . re o e s

ti tl y h i
nc t ppi g t C i th a d ayi g m ph tic lly H will b th d ci iv b attl H fi i h d th
s s o n a or n , n s n e a a ,
‘
ere e e e s e e
.
”
e n s e e

c v ati by ayi g th t th ti m w c m T h t p t C i
on e rs on s n a t gly ef c d a d th at e as o e. e roo s a a ro, s ro n re - en o r e ,
n ose

P d cah w l d v y h tly m b k I th m
a u ou er ti m I w a t g t S m ithla d atth m th f th C am b ;
s or e ar . n e e an e s o o o n ,
e ou o e er

l d R iv a d g t th gi m t th i c d it t m a ch H h a d d m a d t th at ff ct a d I
an er, n e e re en s ere n on i on o r . e n e e n or er o e e ,
n

e x c t d it
e u e .
”
 EX ED I P TI O N A G AIN S T F O RT HEN R Y 201
‘

c reek defended by rifl e pit s an d arou n d it w as s w ampy l and with b ack -

w ate r ih the re ar It w as s t rong in it se lf so admi rably sit u ated for

.
,

d e fen se th at th e C onfede rate s we re

,

c oh fi de n t th at it c o u ld n ot be c ap

tu re d At th e time we are c on side ring

.
,

the g arri so n in the fo rt an d the t roop s

in c amp withi n th e ou te r w ork s c on ,

si st i n g of l e ss th an th re e th o u sand
”
men w e re c o mm anded by B rig adie r
,

G e n e ral L o yd Ti lghm an a M aryl and e r , ,

an d g rad u ate of W e st P oi n t Ac ademy ,

an d it w as su pplied with b arrack s an d

te n t s s u ffici e nt for an army fift e en

th ou san d st ron g .

G e n e ral Hall e ck as we h av e se en , ,
L A " ” "m m “
h ad divided h is l arg e D e p artm e nt i n t o P N OP 0

mi l it ary di st rict s an d he h ad giv e n th e c o mmand o ve r th at of C airo to

,
“
G e n e ral G ran t T hi s w as enl arg e d l ate in Decembe r so as to
.
,

i n c l u d e all of S ou th e rn Ill i n oi s K e n t u cky we st of the C u mbe r ,

l an d R i v e r an d the c ou nti e s of East e rn Mi ssou ri sou th of C ape

,

G i rarde au G rant w as the re fo re c o mm ande r o f al l the l and force s to be

.

e ng ag e d in th e e xped i ti o n ag ai n st F o rt Hen ry
8
T o th at end he c ollected .

h is t roo p s at th e cl ose of th e re c o nn o i ssance j u st me n ti o ned chiefly a C ai ro

t ,

an d P ad u c ah an d h ad di re cted Gene ral Smit h to g ain wh at i n fo rm ati o n he

,

c ou ld c o nc e rn i n g the tw o Te n n e sse e fo rt s Acc ordingly on h is ret u rn th at .

, ,

o ffice r st ru ck th e Te n n e sse e R iv e r ab o u t twenty mile s bel o w F o rt Hen ry ,

w h e re he fou n d the gu n b o at L ex in gton p at ro lling its w at e rs In th at -

.

ve sse l he app ro ach e d the fo rt so ne ar as to d raw its fi re an d he re p orted to ,

G ran t th at it might e asi ly be t ake n if att acke d soon T h e l att e r sent the ,
.

re p o rt to G e n e ral Halleck .

He aring n o thi n g fro m th e i r chief for seve ral d ay s afte rw ard G ran t an d .
,

F oot e u n i t e d in a l ett e r to Hall e ck in aski n g p e rmi ssi on to st o rm

‘
b
, ,

F o rt He n ry an d h o ld it as a b ase for o the r ope rati on s O n the

,
.

fo ll owi n g day G ran t w rote an u rge n t lette r to h is c omm ander

setti n g forth the adv ant ag e s to b e exp e cted fro m the p ro p osed m o vement ,

an d on th e 3oth an o rde r c ame fo r its p rosec u ti on T h e e n t e rp ri se w as

‘
.

1 R an d t th p iti f t w lv 32 p d ; B 24 p d b b tt g ; C
am c as — T h e A’ s en o e e os on o e e -
ou n ers a -
o un er ar e e un , a

l 2 i ch C l m bi d ; D 24 p i g g ; F F l g t ff ; H D w b i d g ; K
.
,

-
n o u d i g g ; E E lJ
a d -
ou n er s e e- un ,
-
o ou n er s e e- un s a -
s a ,
ra -
r e ,

W ll ; M M g zi ; 0 O d c St t Q t ; Q H d q t ; R O ffi c Q t
, ,

; P A dj t
’ ”
e , a a ne r n an e o res ,
u an s uar e rs ea -
uar e rs ,
e rs uar ers.

Th w d ivi d d i t tw b ig d —th fi t d C l l A Hi m w c m p d f th T th
, ,

9 e se e re e n o o r a es e rs un er o one . e an , as o ose o e en
,

T (h i w ) c
e n n es se e i ti g f b t 800 I i h v l t
so n d Li t t C l l M G k ; T w ty
on s s n o a ou r s o u n e e rs, un er e u e n an -
o on e c av oc en

v th A l b m C l l H gh ; F ty ighth T
,

se en a a a, o C l l V hi :T
on e b tt li f c v l y
u es or -
e e n n e sse e , o on e oo r es e n n e sse e a a on o a ar ,

Li t t C l l G tt ; d light b tt y f f pi c c mm d d by C pt i C lb t T h S c d
e u e n an -
o on e an an a a er o ou r e e s, o an e a a n u er son . e e on

B ig d
r a e, d C l l J ph D k f th F th Mi i ippi R egi m t w c m p d f h i w t p
un er o on e o se ra e, o e ou r s s ss en , as o ose o s o n r oo s

un d M j A d i ; F i ft th A k
er a or C l l G ; Fif y fi T
a r C l l B wd ; A l b m
ee n r an sas, o on e ee t -
rst e n n esse e, o one ro er a a a

b tt li M j G vi ; light b tt y f th pi c C pt i Cl ; A l b m b tt li f c v l y ; i d
a a o n, a or ar n a er o ree e e s, a a n are a a a a a on o a ar an n e

p d t c mp y f h
en en o d C pt i Mil ; C pt i P d g tt Spy C m p y d d t b m t f
an o orse , un er a a n n er a a n a e
’
s o an ,
an a e ac en o

B g an c mm d d by C pt i M lt
ers, o T h h vy
an till y m
e d h g f th f ta d w i ch g
a n e on . e ea ar er an n e t e un s o e or ,
an e re n ar e

o f C pt i aJ T yl
a n R p t fGe sse l Tilgh m t C l l M ck ll J h t
a or . A i t t A dj t t
e or o e n e ra an o o on e a a ,
o n s on s
’
ss s an u an

G l F b 1 2 1 862
e n e ra ,
e .
, .

Th m b i t p — ffi
e nu dm —
er ) d G ’
l G t c mm d w h w fit f d ty t th
roo s o c e rs an en un er e n e ra ran
’
s o an ,
o ere or u a e

m i dd l f J e o y 1 562 w an uar , . as ‘

4
G ra n tan d h is Cam p a ig n s, b y He u ry Co p pé e, pg a es 39 an d 40 .
 t
"

202 O PERA TI O NS O F G UN B O A S -
T ON THE TENNESSEE .

immediately beg u n an d on M onday m orning the 2d of F eb ruary Fl ag , , ,

¢
a

oflice r F oo te left C ai ro with a little fl till

o a o f s even g u n b oat s 1 -

1 862 a

o u r O f them arm o red , m o ved u p the O h i o to Pad u c ah a n d on

.

(f ) ,

th at evening w as in the Tenne ssee R ive r He went u p th at st re am c au .

tiou sl y bec au se O f inform ati o n th at ,

the re we re t orped o e s in it an d on ,

T u e sd ay m orn ing } at 5
F b 8 e . .

d awn he w as a fe w mile s ,

b e l o w F ort Hen ry .

G rant s army c ompo sed of the ’

,

divi si o n s o f G e ne ral s Mc C l e rn an d an d
C F Smith h ad in the m e an time . .
, , ,

emb arked in t ran sp ort s which we re ,

c o nv o yed by the fl ot i ll a The se .

l anded a fe w mil e s b e l o w the fort ,

an d s oo n afte rw ard the arm ored

u n b o at s
g (E s sex S t L ou is Ca ron -

,
.
,
»

del et an d C in c in n ati) we re sent for ,

w ard by G rant with o rde rs to m ov e ,

sl o wly an d shell the w o o d s o n e ach

A DR E W H N O E N . T .

side o f th e rive r in o rd e r to di sc o ve r ,

c once aled b atte rie s if they exi sted At the same tim e the C o nestoga an d ,
.

Ty ler we re su cce ssfu lly eng aged u nd e r the di recti o n of L i e u t e n ant Phelp s , ,

in fi shing u p t orp e d oe s .
’

1 T h ese w ere th e ar m o re dg b t un - oa s Cinci n n a ti ( dag hip) C mm d S t b l Ca d l t C mm d

-
s o an er e in e
‘
r on e e o an er

W D P Li t a t C m m d i g P l d i g d th w d
, .

Wal k e ;
,

Essefr, C o mm an d er . . orte r ; an d S t Lou is . . eu e n n o an n au n

‘
an e oo en

gun b a t L mi gt Li t
-
o s t C m m a di g
e n on , e u e nan o n n Shi k ; Ty l Li t a t C mm a d i g G ivi ; a d C t ga
r er , eu en n o n n n n o n es o

Li t a t C m ma d i g Ph lp
eu e n n o n n e s.
,

I f m ati c c i g th h a d b giv by a w m a
9
n or on on e rn n e se e en en o n

livi g a th n b k f th i v T h “J i Sc t a d
ne r e an s o e r e r. e e ss e o u s,
"
ur

i g c p
n f y g m i G a t a m y w t i t a f rm h
or s o oun en n r n
‘

s r ,
en n o a -
ou se

wh i l g m b f w m w g ath d f af ty Wh
e re n a ar e nu er o o en e re e re or s e . en

th i f a w
e r ll y d
e rs f th w m ai d th at h h
ere a a e on e o e o en s er us

ba d w a a l d i i F t H y B y t m w ight m adam
,
”
n s so er n or enr . o- o rro n , ,

sai d f th c t th w ill b
on e o F t H y— g
e s ou s,
"
e re e no or en r our un

b at w ill d i p
o s f it N t bit f i t w a th
s o se o ply ; “th y . o a o ,
”
s e re e

w ill all b bl w p b f th y g t p a t th I l a d m a i g
e o
“—
n u e ore e e s e s n e n n

Pa th I l d Th
n er t th t d t ca y h aw y a p i
s an . e
. sc o u s re a e n e o rr er a r

son e r if h d i d t t ll al l h k w ab t th m w h h t l d
s e no e s e ne ou e ,
en s e o

th m th at t p d
e h d b pl t d all al g th ch
or e l a
oe s a ee n an e on e ann e s n e r

th i la d e d g v th m d i cti
s n ,
a t th i l cati
an A cti g
a e e re on s s o e r o on s. n

u p thi i f m ati th littl fl ati g m i w

on s n or a ch d f on, e se e o n n es e re se r e or,

a d ight f th m w
n e f d Th y w cyli d
o f h t i
e e re oun . e e re n e rs o s ee ro n
,

fi f t a d h alf l g p i t d at a h d ach c ta i g
ve ee n a on ,
on e e c en , e on in n ,

i a ca v a b a
n v ty fi p d f g p w d w ith a i m ple
n s g
. se en -
ve ou n s o un o er, s

appa t t xpl di g it by m a f a p c i
ra us or e ap t b o n e ns o er u ss o n c , o e

p at d p by m a f a l v
o er e u xt d i g t th t i d a d
on e ns o e e r, e en n o e ou s e, n

m v d by it t iki g a v l Th w a ch d i th iv
o e s s r n e sse . ese ere n ore n e r er
,

a littl b l w th efac T h i i th iv at thi ti m had

e o e su r e . e r se n e r er s e

mad th m ha m l a d i t wa f d that m i t
e e r h d mi dess, n s oun o s ure a ne
T om m
th p w d
o Q
.

e o er .

Ba n a n an o m— A. th e sh e
-
ll of th e T orpe d o ; B, air ch a m b
er, made o f sh oot z i n c, an d t gh i tl
y fas ene t d
C , a ch am e r, or sac k con ain b t
ln g gun pow d
o i’w ith th e m uzz e in th e po w er, a in g its rigger co n n ec t
p ist er D, a e l d hv t d it
w h th e rod E Th at rod h ad p rongs, w h ch w ere i
i ti ti i l i
. .

des gn e d
to s r ke th e o t o m of a v ess b t
e in mo on in such a w ay h a it w ou opera e, l t t ld t d
b y a le v er an d co r , on th e p sto , isc h arg n g it in d
d
th e po w er, an d so c x p l od ln g th e t
o r e o u n e r th e h ow of t
p h e n asa E, , h ea y ron d d l F v i b d
a n s, to w h c h t i
h e an cho rs or w e gh s , 0 , G , m i t
i t di ti i
.

t
a tac he d
T h e torpe o was an ch ore to u t
. d ‘
d
o m ee t a vesse l gol ng aga ns th e c urren , the t rec on of wh ch is in d nm tod b y th e arrow .
 A TTA C K ON F O RT HENR Y . 203

the 6th ev ery thing w as in re adine ss f or the att ack

'

B y th e m orn in g
.
of , ,

which w as to be m ade sim u lt ane o u sly on l and an d w ate r Mc C lern an d s .

’

divi si o n m oved fi rst u p the e aste rn side of the Tenne ssee to get in a p o siti on
'
, ,

between F o rt s Hen ry an d D onel son an d b e in re adi n e ss to st orm the forme r ,

fro m the rear o r inte rcept the ret re at O f th e C o nfed e rate s while tw o b rig ad e s
, ,

Of Smith s divi si o n th at we re to m ak e the att ack m arched u p the we st side

’
,
2
,

O f the riv e r to assail an d c apt u re h alf fi n ish e d F ort Hiem an sit u ated u p o n -
3
,

a g re at hill an d fro m th at c o mm anding p o int b ring artille ry to be ar u p o n

,
.

F ort He n ry .

The re h ad been a t rem e nd ou s th u nde r st orm d u ring the n i ght which -

,

q
m ade th e ro ad s v e ry he avy an d c au sed the rive r to ri se rapidly The c ou se , .

u e n c e w as th at the u n b o at s we re in p o siti o n an d c o mmenc e d the att ack

g
-

so me time b e fo re the t roo p s w h o h ad been o rde red to m arch at eleven ,

O cl o ck in the m orning arrived T h e little st re am s we re so swo llen th at

’
,
.

they h ad to b u ild b ridge s for the p assage of the artille ry ; an d so sl ow w as

the m arch th at they we re c ompell e d to he ar the sti rri n g sou nd s of b attle
d
with o u t bei n g all ow e d to p articip ate in it .

It w as at h alf p ast tw e lv e O cl o ck at n oon when the gu n b oat s O p e ned

-
’
-

fi re .The fl o t i ll a h ad p assed Pan th e r I sl an d by the w e st e rn ch annel an d the “

I N TE R I O R O F F O R T H E N R Y .

ar m ored ve ss el s h ad t aken p ositi on di ag on ally ac ro ss the river with the ,

u n arm ore d gu n b o at s Tyler L ex in gton an d Con estoga in re se rve T he

-

, , ,
.

fort w armly re sp on ded to the assau lt at the begi n nin g (which w as m ade at
a di st anc e o f six h u ndr ed y ard s fro m th e b att e ri e s) b u t the st o r m fro m the ,

1 Thi s was th e F i rst c i t d f tw b igad c m p d f th E ighth E l v th E i ght th

d ivi i s o n , an d on s s e o o r e s, o ose o e ,
e en ,
e en ,

T w ti th T w ty v th T w ty i th Thi ti th Th i ty fi t F ty fi fth d F ty ighth Il l i i R gi

en e , en -
se en , en -
n n ,
r e ,
r -
rs . or -
. an or -
e no s e

m t ; w ith
en s Illi i cav al y gi m t d f i dQ d t cav al y c m pa i a d f batt i f
on e no s r re en ,
an ou r n en en r o n es, n o ur er es O

a t ill
r y
er .

Thi th S c d d i i i c m p i d th S v th N i th T w lfth T w ty i ghth a d F ty fi t Illi i

2 s, e e on v s o n, o r se e e en ,
n ,
e . en -
e ,
n or -
rs no s

R gi m t th E l v th I d ia a th S
e en s, e th d T w lfth I w a th E ighth d Thi ti th Mi
e en n i with a
n , e ev e n an e o , e an r e ssou r ,

c i d bl b d y f cav al y a d a ti ll y
on s e ra e o O r n r er .

S mdi h
O na f C l l A Hi m
e f Tilgh m
n c mm d w h w a t th h ad f gi m t f
o n or o o on e . e an , o an s
’
o an ,
o s a e e o a re en O

Iihv l t
r s Hi m a w a G m a
o u n e e rs d a. i d t f N a hvill H w
e u chit ct a d a m a f ta t
as er n , an re s en o s e. e as an ar e ,
n n o s e,

c lt a d f t
u ure, n or u n e

G al L wi W ll ac w h c m m d d th t m ch d p F t H i m i l tt r
.

f th b ig d
'

a a es a ar e u on or e an , n a e e
en e r e s e, o o an e on e o e r

t th a th
o e u aft th aff i ai d : T h
or soon w h l m ch w erxciti g Wh w t t d f m
e a r, s e o e ar as an e n o n e. en e s ar e ro our

b iv ac d bt wa t tai d f b i g abl t m k th fi m il tak p p iti a d b ad y f

ou ,
no ou s en er ne o our e n e o a e e ve e s, e u os on , n e re or
204 C AP T UR E or F ORT HE N R Y .

fl otill a w as so se v ere th at v ery s oo n th e g arri son b e c am e p an ic st rick en ,

-
.

S e v en of th e g u n s w e re di sm oun t e d an d m ad e u se l e ss ; th e fl ag st aff w as ,
-

sh o t aw ay ; an d a h e avy rifl e d c an n on in th e fort h ad b u rst e d killi n g th ree

.
,

m en T h e t roop s in th e c am p ou t sid e th e fort fl e d m ost of th em by th e

.
,

u pp e r D ov e r ro ad l eadi n g to F o rt D on e l son an d o th ers o n a st e am e r l i n g

, y ,

j u st ab o v e F o rt Hen ry G e n e ral T ilgh m an an d l ess th an on e h u n d re d .

artill eri st s in th e fo rt w ere al l th at rem ain e d to su rre n d er to th e vi ct ori ou s

F oote ,
l

C on fe d erat e c om m an d er h ad b eh av e d m ost soldi erly throu gh ou t at

Th e ,

ti m es d o i n g a p riv at e s d u ty at th e g u n s His g all an t ry F oot e said in h is ’

.
,
”
re p ort w as w orthy of a b ett er c au se B e fore tw o o cl ock h e h au l e d d ow n ’
.
,

h is fl ag an d sen t u p a w hit e on e an d th e B A T T L E O F F O R T H E N R Y ,
“
c e ase d afte r a se v e re c on flict of littl e m ore th an an h ou r ,
2
It .

w as all ov er b e fo re th e l an d t roop s arriv e d an d n e ith e r th ose on ,

th e F ort He n ry sid e o f th e riv e r n o r th e y w h o m o v e d ag ai n st F o rt Hie m an , ,

on th e o th er b an k of th e st re am h ad an o pp ort u n ity to fight T h e o cc u p an t s , .

of th e l att er h ad fl e d at th e app ro ach o f th e N ati o n al s w ith o u t fi ri n g a sh ot

,

an d h ad d on e w h at d am ag e th e y c ou ld by fi re at th e m om e n t o f th ei r ,

d ep art ure .

“A fe w m i n u t es b e fore th e su rre d er say s Poll ard “th e sc e n e in an d

n , ,

arou n d th e fort e xhibit e d a sp e ct acl e o f fie rc e g ran d e u r M an y of th e c abi n s .

in an d arou n d th e fo rt w e re in fl am es Adde d to th e sc en e w e re th e sm ok e .

from th e b u rn in g ti m b e r an d th e c u rli n g b u t d e n se w re ath s of sm o k e from ,

th e g u n s ; th e c o n st an tly re c u rri n g sp att e ri n g an d w hizzi n g o f fragm en t s , ,

o f c rashi n g an d b u rsti n g sh ell s ; th e d e afe n i n g ro ar o f artill e ry ; th e bl ack

sid e s of fi ve o r six gu n b o at s b e lch in g fi re at e v e ry p o rt h o l e ; th e v o l u m es -

,
-

of sm o k e se ttl e d in d e n se m asses al o n g th e su rro u n di n g b ack w at e rs an d u p -

and o v e r th at fo g on th e h e ight s th e arm y of G e n e ral G ran t , ,

.

d epl oyi n g aroun d ou r sm all arm y att e m pti n g to c u t off its re t re at I n th e ,

.

th e assau lt tth app i t d h a N v m w k d ha d e Th g

o n e f th fl t p d w hil w w y t
o u r. e er en or e r er . e un s o e ee o ene e e ere e

q i t m il f m
u e a bj ctiv O li f m ch w a
e ro o ur o ly pa all l w ith th li f fi t a d f m th
e e . ur ne o ar s n e ar r e e ne o re o n ro e

g b at N tm th
un - o s . v h d d y d pa t d a f m th g at h ll i th i
o ore an se e n i g fi y pa un re ar s se ra e s ro e re s e s, n e r roar n , er s

sag With t fl i g f m th i ff ct w h ad th f ll b fit f th i i d c ib bl a d t ibl

e . ou su
’
er n ro e r e i e , e e u e ne o e r n es r a e n e rr e n o se .

S v l ti m I h d th h t f m th f t c a h ag i t th i
e e ra es ear i d f th b at Y
e s o ro i m gi th e or r s a ns e ro n s es o e o s o u c an a ne e

g
.

e xcit m t a d m ti l f th ci c m t c w calc l at d t i pi
e en n ar a u ro r m w ith I w al l
e t
r u s an e s e re u e o ns re o u r en . as e a e rn ess o

p h w ith m y b igad b t G al S m ith d lik th v t a h w l ghi g at m i m pati c a d

us on r e, u e n er ro e, e e e er n e as, au n y en e, n

f i g l l m y t ati
re us n a li w t g d a l d i t d i id h i c l m
en re es . e as oo oo so er o v e s o u n .
"

R p t f C m m d F t t th S c t y f th N vy F b y 6 1 862 C m m d S t mb l a d
1 e or o o an er oo e o e e re ar o e a , e ru ar , . o an er e e n

Li t t C m m d P h lp w
e u e n an -
t t h i t th U i
o an fl erv th f t d t i vit G al T ilgh ma
e s ere se n o o s e n on ag o er e or ,
an o n e en e r n

on b a d th c m m d
o r fl g hip e Wh a h o l at G t a i v d th f t d all th p il f vict y
o o re s
’
a -
s . en, n o ur e r, ran rr e ,
e or an e s o s o or

w eret d v t h im G urn e l T ilgh m a d C pt i J T yl f T

o er o . wh w
e n e ra th c m m a d an, n a a n e sse a or o en n e sse e, o as e o n er

o f th f t w ith t
e th c m m i i d ffi c w ith b d i t a d p iv t i th f t w m ad p i
or ,
en o er o ss o n es o ers, su or na e s n r a es n e or ,
ere e r so n e r .

It w i d th t th G
as sa l a d m f h i ffi c a tt m pt d t cap b t w c f t d by ti l
e e n e ra n so e o s o ers a e e o es e, u ere on ro n e se n ne s

w h h ad b
o p d i t th vic d w h w t li t d by d i g th i d ty t ictly T h y fu d t
e en re sse n o e ser e, an o no re a a e o n e r u s r . e re se o

l t th m p a th li ch b i g th i d a d th at d t h t th fi t ma w h h l d att m pt it
q
e e ss e n e , su e n e r or e rs, n re en e o s oo e rs n o s ou e .

T h N ti
9 al l w e tw kill d a d th i ty igh t w
a on d d a d th C f d at h d fiv kill d a d t
oss as o e n r ou n e ,
n e on e er es a e e n en

w d d O f th N ti l t w ty i w w d d a d c l d d th g b at E
ou n e . e a on a s, C pt i W D
en -
n ne e re ou n e n s a e on e un - o ss ex , a a n . .

P t ; m f th m m tally T hi cal m ity w a ca d by a 8 2 p d h t t i g th b il f th E a

or e r so e o e or . s a s u se -
ou n s o e n er n e o er o e sse z .

I th ad p a d th gh th d g f a b w p t th gh a b lkh d i t th b il i w hich f t at ly th
sse ro u e e e o o or ,
rou u ea . n o e o e r, n ,
or u n e , e re

wa ly ab t ixty p d f t m I it p ag i t t k ff a p ti
s on ou s ou n f th h ad f L i
s o t a tS B
s ea . n s ass e oo o or on o e e o eu en n . .

B ittai J
r fP t
n, id H w a
r .
,
on e o f th R S B B ittai f N w Y k d a v y p m i i g
or e r s a
’
s . e s a son o e ev . . . r n, o e or ,
an er ro s n

y th tq it v t y a f g H w a ta d i g v y a C m m d P t at th ti m w ith
ou , no u e se e n e en e rs o a e . e s s n n er ne r o an er or e r e e, on e

ha d th t ffi c
n on h l d a d th th
a o hi w c tl a C pt i P t w b d ly cal d d by th
’
e r s s ou er. n e o e r on s o n u ss . a a n or er as a s e e

t am th at c p d b t c v d T h t ffic wa a
s e es a e ,
f C mm d
u re o D avi d P t e refam i Am ica. a o er s so n o o o o re or e r, ou s n er n

a l a th c m m d f th E i th w f 1 8 1 2 ; d h i h it d h i f th b av y a d p t i ti m
n na s s e o an er o e ssex n e ar o an e n er e s a er s
‘
r er n a r o s .

Th g e b at pl c d d h i c mm a d w a am d E
un -
o a e i h un erf h i f th m m y
s o n s n e ssex , n on or o s a er s
’
e or .
 E FFE C T S or T HE CAP T URE or F ORT HE NR Y .
205

m i dst of t
th e sh o t an d sh e ll
s o rm o f th e sm all forc e o u tsid e o f th e fort h ad
,

su cc e e d e d in g aini n g th e u pp e r road th e gu n b o at s h avi n g fail e d to n otic e

-

th eir m o v e m e n t s u n til th e y w e re ou t of re ach T o giv e th e m fu rth er tim e .

,

th e g all an t Tilgh m an e xh au st e d an d b e g ri m e d w ith p o w d e r an d sm ok e

, ,

st oo d e re ct at th e m iddl e b att er y an d p o i n t e d gu n afte r gu n

,
It w as cl ear .
,

h o w e v e r th at th e fo rt c ou ld n o t h old o u t m u ch l on g e r A w hit e fl ag w as
,
.

rai se d by th e o rd e r o f G e n e ral T ilgh m an w h o re m ark e d It is v ai n to fight

, ,

l on g er O u r g u n n e rs are disabl e d— o u r g u n s di sm o u n t e d ; w e c an t h old ou t

.
’

fi v e m i n u t es l on g e r A s soon as th e t o k en of su b m i ssi on w as h oi st e d th e
.
’
,

u n b o at s c am e al on g sid e th e fo rt an d t oo k p o ssessi on of it th e i r c re w s
g
-
,

givi n g th re e ch e e rs for th e Un i on G en eral T ilghm an an d th e sm all g arri son

.

”1
of forty w ere t ak e n p ri son e rs .

T h e c apt u re of F ort He n ry w as a n av al v ict ory of g re at i m p o rt an c e n ot ,

o n ly b e c au se o f its im m e di at e e ffe ct b u t b e c au se it p ro v e d th e eflic ie n c y of

,

g u n ~b oat s on th e n arrow riv ers of th e We st in co o p e rati n g w ith l an d t roop s

‘

,
-
.

O n thi s acc ou n t an d b e c au se o f its p rom i se s of g re at er achi e v em e n t s n e ar

, ,

th e fall of F ort He n r y c au se d th e m o st p rofo u n d sati sfacti on am o n g th e

l o y al p e opl e Hall e ck an n ou n c e d th e fact to Mc C l e ll an with th e sti rri n g
.

w ord s
“ F ort He n ry is ou rs ! T h e fl ag of th e Un i on is re—e st abli sh e d on
,
” ’
th e so il of T e n n e ssee It w ill n e v e r b e rem o v e d
. F oot e s re p ort b ri ef an d .
,

cl e ar w as re c e iv e d an d re ad in b oth Hou se s of C on g re ss in Op en sessi on ;

, ,

an d th e S e c re t ary of th e N avy w rot e to h im

“ T h e c ou n t ry app reci at e s ,

y ou r g all an t d ee d s an d thi s D e p art m e n t d e si re s to c on v e y to y ou an d y our

,
”
b rav e associ at e s its p rofo u n d th an k s for th e servic e y ou h av e ren d e red .

T h e m oral e ff e ct of th e vict o ry on th e C o n fe d erat es w as di sm al an d d re w ,

forth th e m o st se ri ou s c om pl ai n t s ag ai n st th e au th oriti es at Rich m on d an d ,

~ ”
e s e ci ally ag ai n st M all ory th e so c all e d S e c re t ary of th e N avy P ai n fu l
p ,
.

app reh e n si on s o f fu t u re c al am iti e s w ere aw ak en e d ; for it w as felt th at if ,

F ort D o n e l son sh ou ld n ow fall th e C onf e d e rat e c au se in K e n t u cky T en

, ,

n e sse e an d Mi sso u ri m u st b e ru i n e d
,
Th e fi rst g re at st e p t o w ard th at e v en t
.

h ad b ee n t ak e n T h e N ati on al t ro op s w ere n ow fi rm ly pl an t e d in th e re ar
.

of C o l u m b u s on th e Mi ssi ssippi an d w e re on ly ab ou t te n m il e s by l an d from

, ,

th e b ridg e ov e r w hich w as th e rail w ay c onn e cti on b et w een th at p o st an d

Bo w li n g G re en T h ere w as al so n othi n g l eft to ob st ru ct th e p assag e of gun
.

b oat s u p th e T en n essee to th e fe rt il e regi on s of N orth ern Al ab am a an d ,

c arryi n g th e fl ag of th e R e p ub lic far t ow ard th e h eart of th e C on fe d eracy .

qW
F ir st Yea r f t
he ar , pag e 238 .
2 06 G UN B OAT EX PEDITI O N
-
UP T HE TENNE SSEE .

C HA P T ER VIII .

T HE S I EGE AN D C A P T U R E O F F O RT D ON E L S O N .

HE fall
F ort Hen ry w as foll ow e d by i m m e di at e of

p re p arati on s for an att ack on F ort D on e l son on th e ,

C um b erl an d R iv er Pre p arat ory to thi s w as a re c on .

n oissan ce u th T en n e ssee R iv er Li t t C om
p e e u en an -
.

m an d e r S L Ph elp s w as se n t u p th at riv er . .

o n th e e v e n i n g of th e da
“
y of b attl e w ith a ,

d e t ach m e n t of F oot e s fl otill a c on si stin g ’

,

of th e C on est oga T y ler an d L ex in gton ,

to re c on n o it er th e b ord ers of th e
, ,

st re am as f ar t ow ard its u pp er w at e rs as p o ssibl e Wh en h e re ach e d th e .

b ridg e of th e rail w ay b e t w ee n M em phi s an d B ow li n g G re e n h e fou n d the ,

d raw cl ose d its m achi n e ry di sabl e d an d som e C on fe d e rat e t ran sp ort s j u st

, ,

ab o v e it e sc api n g u p th e riv e r
,
A p orti o n of th e b ridg e w as th e n h astily .

d e st roy e d an d th e w ork of d e m o liti on w as c om pl e t e d th e foll ow i n g day by

,

C om m an d e r Walk e of th e Caron delet w h o w as se n t u p by G e n e ral G ran t

, ,

for th e p u rp ose T h e fu gitiv e t ran sp ort s w e re so cl ose ly p u rsu e d th at th ose

.

in ch arg e of th em ab an d on e d al l an d b u rn e d tw o th at w ere l ad en w ith m ili tary ,

st ore s
l
. I n thi s flight an offic er l eft p ap e rs b e hi n d h im w hich g av e an im
p ort an t ofiicial hi st ory of th e C on fe d e rat e n av al p rep arati on s on th e w e st ern
riv ers .

O n w ard th e littl e fl otill a w en t se izi n g C on fe d e rat e v e sse l s an d d est royi n g ,

C on fe d erat e p u blic p rop erty as far u p as F l oren c e in Al ab am a at th e foo t , ,

o f th e M u scl e Sh oal s Wh e n Ph elp s app e are d in sight of th at t ow n th ree

.
,

C on fe d erat e st e am ers th e re l oad e d with su ppli e s w e re se t on fi re b u t a p art ’

, , ,

o f th e i r c on t e n t s w ith oth er p rop e rty on sh ore w as sav e d

,
A d e l e g ati on , .

of citiz e n s w ait e d u p on th e c omm an d e r to ask f or ki n d t re at m e n t f or th e i r

fam ili es an d th e salv ati on of th e b ridg e th at sp an n e d th e T en n esse e th ere

, .

He assu re d th em th at w om en an d child re n w ou ld n ot b e di st u rb e d as h e an d ,

h is m en w e re n ot sav ag e s ; an d as to th e b ridg e b e i n g of n o m ilit ary ac ,

c oii n t, it sh o u ld b e sav e d .

R e t u rn i n g Li e u t en an t Ph e lp s re c ru it e d a n u m b er of l oy al T en n essee an s
, ,

seiz e d arm s an d oth e r C on fe d erat e p rop e rty in se v e ral pl ac e s an d c au se d th e ,

1 “T h e
fi t fi d rs y L i t a t P h lp i h i p t t C m m d F t “h ad b d a
on e re
”
sa s eu en n e s, n s re or o o o ore oo e , on oar
,

q a tity f bma i batt i s ; th

u n o su c d
r ne w a f ight d w ith p w d
er e ca h t g ap b ll d c
e se on on e s re e o e r, n n on - s o , r e, a s, o .

F a i g a xpl i f m th fi d b t I h ad t pp d t th d i t c f a th
e r n n e os on ro e re d y a d ; b t v th
oa s, s o e a e s an e o o u san r s u e en e re

o ur skylight w b k by th c c i
s e re ro Th b t w
en th wi i j d ; a d h ai d “th w h l iv
e o n u ss on .
”
e oa as o er se n ure n e s , e o e r er
ior h alf m il
a d ab t w c m pl t ly b at p by th f lli g f agm t s a d th h w f h t g ap
e roun ou as o e e e en u e a n r en n e s o er o s o . r e,
H al ai d th at t h f a p t d U i i t was bl w t pi I tw a b li v d th t th
”
b ll a
a s, re. e h so s e ouse o re or e n on s o n o e ces. s e e e a e

v l s w fi d i f t f it f th p p
e sse ere re n f d t yi g i t
ron o or e ur ose o es ro n .
 ‘

FooTE IN THE P ULPIT A T C A TRC .

207

flight of a t roop s from S avan n ah on th e e ast ern b an k

Con sid erabl e n um be r of ,

o f th e riv e r w hich h e h ad p rep are d to att ack

,
His re c on n oi ssan c e w as a .

p e rfe ct su cc ess It di sc o v e re d th e re al w e ak n e ss o f th e C on fe de racy in th at

.

d ire cti on th e fe asibility of m archi n g an arm y i n t o th e h e art of th e C on

,

fe d e racy an d b e tt e r th an all it d e v e l op e d th e m ost g ratifyi n g e vid en c e s of

, , ,

g en u in e U n i on fe e li n g in T en n e sse e Mi ssi ssippi an d Al ab am a T h e riv er , ,

.

b an k s in pl ac e s w e re c row d e d w ith m en w om en an d child ren w h o g ree t e d th e , , ,

ol d fl a w i th th e g re at e st e n th u si asm
“ I w as assu re d at S av an n ah
”
h aid
g e s .
, ,
“th at of th e se v e ral h u n d re d t roop s th e re m ore th an on e h alf h ad w e g on e -

, , ,

to th e at tack in ti me w o u ld h av e h ail e d u s as d e liv e re rs an d gl adly e n li st e d

, ,
”
w ith th e N ati on al forc e s O v e r an d ov e r ag ai n h e w as assu re d th at n othi n g.

b u t th e d re adfu l re ig n of t error th en p re v aili n g k ept th ou san d s from o p en ly

e xp re ssi n g th e i r att ach m en t to th e ol d fl a B ri n g u s a sm all o rg an iz e d
g .

forc e w ith arm s an d am m u n iti on th e y said ” “an d w e c an m ain t a i n ou r

, , ,
”1
p o siti on .

T h e re p ort o f thi s re c on n o i ssan c e w as v e ry ch ee rin g an d it w as d e t e r ,

m i n e d to c apt u re F ort D o n e l son as sp ee dily as p ossibl e an d th en w ith a , ,

h e avy forc e m arch ac ro ss T e n n e sse e an d p en e t rat e Al ab am a F oot e h ad

,
.

al re ady h u rri e d b ack to C airo w ith th e

C in c in n ati, E ssex , S t L ou is, to an d .

p re p are m ortar b oat s fo r th e n e w e n t er -

p ri se , l e avi n g C om m an d e r Walk e , of
th e Caro n del et, in ch arg e o f a p orti on
o f h is fl oti l l a at F ort He n ry With .

th e s pi rit of th e ol d Pu rit an s (from

w h om h e w as w h o w e re
e v e rr e a dy to fight or p ray as circ u m ,

st an c e s m ight re q u i re h e w e n t i n t o th e ,

p u lpit of th e Pre sbyt e ri an ch u rch at

C ai ro on th e S u n d ay afte r th e c ap tu re
,

o f F ort He n ry
3
an d p re ach e d a sti rri n g ,
A a a a n on r n- o r ‘
serm on fro m th e w o rd s o f J e su s L et
.

n o t y o u r h e art s b e t rou bl e d ”
He
'

Y e b eli e v e in G od ; b elie ve al so in m e . .

p ou re d forth e l oq u en t se n te n c e s in h u m bl e th an k s to Al m ighty G od for th e

re c e n t vict ory an d i n spi re d all w h o h e ard h im w ith b u rn i n g z e al in th e
,

N ati on al c au se .

G e n e ral G ran t at th e sam e ti m e w as m aki n g vig orou s p re p arati on s for

, ,

att acki n g F o rt D on e l so n
“ R e en forc e m e n t s w e re arrivi n g in C ai ro w h ere .
-

1
R p t
e or of C om m o d ore F t
oo e , F eb 6 . th ,
1 8 62 .

9 He w as S t S am l F t f C
a son of ctic t w h l ti c c i g th p blic l d
e n a or ue oo e, o onn e u , ose re so u on on e rn n e u an s
occ i d th f m d b at i th S t f th U i t d St t b t w D i l W b t
as on e e a ou s e e d R b t Y Hay
n e e na e o e n e a es e een an e e s e r an o er . n e.
T h c g g ati
3 ew d i pp i t d by th
on re pp onc f th i pat t th p p ti m a d F t
e re sa o n e e n on - a e aran e o e r s or a e ro er e, n oo e
w i i t d t c d ct th ligi
as nv e o vic f th cc i
on u e re o us se r es o e o as on .

T hi
4
p t m t b t T h y w c t ct d f t gth a d t ad i
s re rese n s a or ar- f p itioa O ab d
. e ere on s ru e or s ren n s e ness o os on . n roa

fl t w wall f w d ab t ight f t i h ight pl t d w ith i

oa e re s o oo th , t i d a d l pi g
ou e t m ee n e ,
a e ron on e ou s e, n s o n , so as o ore
easily w a d fi h t I a h w a i gl h vy m t w ith m m iti b l w wat ma k a t t f h lt
r o
’
s o . n e c as s n e ea or ar, a un on e o e r- r , en or s e e r,
a d th
n o c v i cs
er on en en e .

T h f ll w i g am d ifi
5
e o c m p d G al G a t p
o n n l St fi at thi ti m : C l l J D W b
e o cers o ose e n er r n
‘
s e rson a a
’
s e o on e . . e

t Chi f f Staff C l l J R iggi J V l t A id ; Captai J A R wli A i ta t A dj t t G al ;

s e r, e o o on e . n, r .
, o un e er n . . a n s, ss s n u an -
en e r

Capt i C B L g a d W S Hilly A i d :a d Li t t~C l l V B M Ph

a ns . . o an n . Chi f E gi
. e r, s n eu e n an o on e . . c erson , e n n e er.
A cc d i g t th
or n p t f th Adj t t G al G a t h d d h im i th di t ict f Cai
o e re or o e th l oth f
u an -
e n er , r n a un er n e s r o ro, on e o

Ja y 1 862
n uar , m fii s a d p iv at
, en , o cer n r e s.
208 P REPARATI O N S TO M ARC H AGAIN S T F ORT D CN ELS CN .

th e y w e re pidly g ath eri n g He reorg an iz e d h is arm y w ith Mc C l ern an d

ra .
'
,

an d S mith at th e h e ad of th e p ri n cip al divi si on s as b e fo re w hil e a thi rd , ,

divi si on w as form e d of sm all p rop o rti on s at fi rst b u t d e sti n e d to b e e n l arg e d ,

by six reg im e n t s sen t aro u n d by w at er T h e l att er divi si on w as u n d er th e .

c omm an d of L e w i s Wall ac e of th e fam ou s E l e v en th I n di an a Zou av e R egi

,

m en t w h o w as p rom ot e d to b e a b rig adi er—

,
l
g en e ral on th e day of th e c apt u re
of F o rt He n ry With Mc C l ern an d s divisi on w ere th e fi e ld b att eri e s o f
.
9 ‘ ’

Sch w artz T ayl or D resse r an d McA l l ister ; an d w i th S m ith s w e re th e h e avy

, , ,
’

b att eri e s of Rich ard son St on e an d Walk er th e w h ol e u n d er th e c om m an d

, , ,

o f M aj o r C av e n d e r chi e f of artill e ry
,
.

O n th e 1 1 th G en eral G ran t c all e d a c ou n cil of w ar w hich w as c om p o se d

, ,

of h is divi si o n c om m an d e rs an d se v e ral acti n g b rig adi e rs Sh all w e m arch .

o n D on e l son o r w ait for fu rth er re en forc e m e n t s

,
w as th e q u esti on c on -

side re d I n form ati on th at h e avy re—

. e n forc em en t s w ere h ast en i n g t o w ard

th at st ron gh old c arri e d a d eci si on in fav or of an im m e di ate m arch ag ai n st

“
it ; an d in g en eral fi eld ord ers th e n e xt m orn in g G ran t dire ct e d ,

on e of Mc C l ern an d s b rig ad es to m ov e at o n c e by th e t e l e g raph

’

ro ad di re ctly u p on F ort D on e l son an d to h alt w ithi n tw o m il es

,

o f it ; h is oth e r th ree b rig ad e s to m arch by th e D ov er Ridg e ro ad to w ith in ,

“ ' ° R Y "t
t h e sam e di st an c e to ,
R 007 ! 'RO M RY To I O RT DD NI L I O N

u n it e w ith th e fi rst

in form i n g th e right
w i n g in th e i n v e st
m en t of th e fort N o .

of S m ith s B rig ad es
’

we re to foll o w by th e
Do v e r R oad an d ,

th e se w ere to b e fol
l ow e d in t u rn by th e , ,

t roop s on th e l eft b an k of th e riv er t hen occ u pyi n g F ort Hiem an ,as soon as ,

th ey c ou ld b e sen t forward Sm ith w as di re c te d to occ up y th e littl e vill ag e

.

of D ov er on th e riv er b an k a sh ort m il e ab o v e th e fort if p ossibl e an d th u s

, , , ,

c ut off th e re t re a t of th e C on fe d erat e s u p th e st re am .

L et u s ob serv e th e ch aract er an d st ren gth of th e w ork s to b e assail e d ,

c al l e d F ort D on el son .

In th e c en t er of St ew art C ou n ty in T e n n e sse e w as its S hire t ow n o f , ,

D ov e r sit u at e d on th e l e ft b an k of th e C u m b e rl an d Riv e r w h e re th at
, ,

st re am ru n n in g n e arly du e n orth m ak es an ab ru pt t u rn to th e w est w ard

, ,
,

an d aft er fl ow i n g ab ou t h alf a m il e as su dd e n ly t u rn s to th e n orth w ard

, ,
At .

this t u rn ab ou t a mi l e b e l ow D ov er F ort D on el son w as c on st ru ct e d with

, , ,

tw o w at er b att e ri e s n e ar th e riv e r s e dg e an d all so arran g e d as to h av e a

’
,

l arg e n um b e r of g u n s t rain e d di re ctly d ow n th e st re am T h e c ou n t ry in .

th at vicin it y is b rok en i n t o a si n g u l ar c on gl om erat e of hil l s an d kn o ll s ,

divid e d by d ee p v all e y s an d ravi n es ren d eri n g p ossessi on easy an d , ,

att ack v e r y diffic u lt Upon on e of th ese hill s t erm i n ati n g at th e riv er an d

.
, ,

b rok en by h oll ow s F ort D on el son w as b u ilt I ts li n es w ere i rreg u l ar an d

,
.
,

in cl ose d al m o st on e h u n dre d ac res of l an d B e l ow it w as Hick m an s C reek

’
.
,

Se e pg
a e 5 1 6, vl
o u me I .
9 His comm i ssi on was d t d S pt mb
a e e e er 8d, 1 861 .
 CHARACTER AND S TREN G T H or EC RT D C NELS C N . 209

a sor tb ack w at e r of th e T e n n esse e se ld om fordabl e e xc epti n g at th e dis

of -
, ,

t an c e o f a m il e o r m ore from th e riv er J u st ab ov e th e fort an d b e t wee n it .

,

an d D o v er w as a sm all c re e k fl ow i n g th ro u gh a ravin e
, ,
.

Th e w at e r b att e ri e s w e re ad m i rably pl an t e d f or c om m an din g th e riv e r

app roach e s from b e l ow T h e y h ad st ron g e p au l m en ts or sid e w ork s an d
. , ,

L OWE R WA T E R B A TT E BY .

th ei r e m b rasu res w ere rev ett e d w ith c off ee sack s fill e d with san d T h e l ow e r -
.

o r p ri n cip al b att e ry w as arm e d w i th e ight 3 2 p o u n d e rs an d o n e l O— in oh -

C o l u m bi ad ; an d th e oth er b ore a h eavy rifl e d c an n on th at c arri e d a 1 2 8

p ou n d b ol t fl an k e d by tw o 32 p ou n d c arron ade s T h e on ly g u n s in th e
,
-
.
l

fort (w hich w as at a m e an e l e v ati on ab ov e th e rive r of n e arly on e h un d re d

fee t) w ere fou r light si eg e g u n s a 1 2 p ou n d h ow itz e r tw o 24 p ou n d e rs an d
-

,
-

,
-

on e 6 4 p o u n d h ow itz er
-
B ack of th e fort th e fore st w as c u t d ow n an d sup
.
,

p orti n g fi eld w ork s w e re ere c te d f or th e u se of i n fan t ry an d artill e ry Still .

farth e r b ack at th e m ean di st an c e of a m il e from th e fort w as an i rre gu l ar

, ,

an d d e t ach e d li n e of light i n t re n ch m e n t s f or rifl e m en fron tin g l an dw ard , ,

w i th a p arap e t of l ogs an d e arth which c om m en c e d at Hick m an s C ree k an d

’
, ,

e xt e n d e d to a b ack w at e r o n Hy sm ith s farm ab ov e D o v e r th u s c o m pl e t e ly

-
’
, ,

su rrou n di n g th e fort an d th e t ow n l an d w ard I n fron t of th ese i n t re n ch .

m e n t s w as a row of S l ash e d ti m b er form i n g st ro n g aba tis Alt og e th er ,

.
,

th e p ost see m e d to h av e b een m ad e by n at u re an d art al m ost i m p re g n abl e .

A n d w ithi n th e se i n t re n ch m e n t s w h en G ran t app e are d b efo re t h e m to m ak e ,

”
an assau lt w e re m ore th an t w en ty th o u san d e ff e ctiv e m en
,
It w as e xp e ct ed .

1 Ac arron a e d h t pi c f d c h vi g a l g c lib
is a s or e e o or n an e, a n ar e a e r, an d a ch m b f th p wd lik a
a er or e o er e

m or art . I t is s i m il t th h w itz I t am i d iv d f m C
ar o e o er. s n e s er e ro arron , a pl c i Sc tl a d w h
a e it wa fi t
n o n ,
e re s rs

m an u a f ct ure d.

Th i t d f thi t
e se c on s s egi m t f T o t p tw f K t cky i f Mi i ippi
r e e n re f
en s o enn esse e roo s, o o en u ,
s x o ss ss , on e o

T x f A l bam f f Vi gi i a tw i d p d t b ttali d a gi m t f ‘

e tw
as, o o a a, ou r o f T i i ty
r n ,
o n e en en a on s o e n n e ssee - n an r ,
an re en o

cav l y d th ft w d f m l ad C l l A B F t With th w a till y m f m i g

a r . un er e a er ar a o us e er o one . . ore s . e se ere r er en or an n n

i b att i
s x f light c
e r es o a d v t h avy g s
an n on , n se en e e n e un .

VO L . II — 1 4
.
21 0 DI S P O S ITI O N O F F O RCES F O R BA T T LE .

h t thi s forc e b e hi n d fo rtifi c ati on s w ou ld ch e ck th e furth e r adv an c e of th e

t a .

N ati on al s u p th e C u m b e rl an d an d th u s se c u re the safe ty o f N ash v ill e ,

.

J oh n st on cl e arly p erc eiv e d th e im p ort an c e of th e p o st an d w h en it w as ,

th re at e n e d by th e att ack on F ort Hen ry w hich w as on ly t w e lv e m il es dis ,

”
tan t h e g av e it all th e re e n fo rc em e n t s in h is p ow e r
,
-
I d e t e rm i n e d h e said .
, ,

to fight for N ashvill e at D o n e l son an d h av e th e b e st p art of m y arm y to ,

”
do it ,
an d so h e se n t sixt e e n th ou san d t ro op s th e re re t ai n i n g o n ly fo u rt e e n ,
‘
th o u san d m e n to c o v er h is fron t at B ow li n g G reen .

It is di ffic u lt to c on c e iv e h ow a v e t eran soldi er lik e J oh n st on c ou ld h av e

i n t ru st e d a b u si n e ss so i m p o rt an t as th e c om m an d o f S O l arg e a forc e on so ,

m om en t o u s an o cc asi on to s u ch w e ak m e n as Gid eon J Pill ow an d J o h n B

,
. .

F l oy d w h o w e re su cc essiv e ly pl ac e d in chi e f c om m an d of F ort D on e l son at

, ,

th at ti m e B u t so it w as Pill o w h ad arriv e d th e re on th e l oth of th e

. .

“
m o n th an d w ith th e aid o f M aj or Gil m e r G en e ral J o h n st on s
, ,
’

F b 1 862
e
chi e f e n gi n ee r h ad w o rk e d dilig en tl y in st ren gth en i n g th e de
.
,

fe n ses O n th e 1 3th h e w as su p e rs e d e d by F l o yd w h o as w e h av e ob se rv ed
.
, , ,

h ad fl e d fro m Vi rgi n i a w ith h is fo ll o w e rs He h ad b e en o rd ere d fro m C u m .

’

b e rl an d City by G e n e ral J o h n st on to h ast en to F o rt D o n el son an d t ak e chi e f , ,

c om m an d He arriv e d th e re w ith Vi rgi n i a troo p s o n th e m orn i n g of th e

.
, ,

i 3th . G e n e ral Si m o n B B u ck n e r w as th e re at th e h e ad o f rc e n forc e m e n t s

.
-

from B ow li n g G re e n an d h e w as th e o n l y o n e o f th e th ree p osse sse d o f su f

,

fi c ie n t ability an d m ilit ary k n o w l e dg e to c o n d u ct th e de fe n se w ith an y h o pe

o f su cc ess
; y e t h e w as su b ordi n at e to th e o th e r tw o u n til as w e sh all o b se rv e , ,

p re se n tl y th e i r f ars o v e rc am e th e i r h o n or an d in th e h o u r o f e xt re m e
,
e

n e c e ssi ty th e y i n v e ste d h im w ith th e chi e f

c o m m an d an d d e se rte d h im ,
.

°
T h e m o rn i n g of th e 1 2th w as
6 F b e
lik e on e in sp ri n g so w arm an d
.

b al m y w as th e at m o sph e re At an e arl y .

h o u r th e divi si o n s of Mc C le rn an d an d S m ith , ,

p re c e d e d b v c av al ry in all ab o u t fi ft ee n ,

th o u san d m e n b e g an th e i r m arch o v e r th e ,

hill y c o u n t ry t o w ard F o rt D on e l son l e av i n g ,

b e hi n d th e m a b rig ad e at F o rt I l ic m an ,

u n de r G e n e ral Wall ac e w h o w as pl ac e d in ,

c om m an d of th at p o st an d F ort He n ry .

At th e sam e ti m e F o o t e w as m o vi n g u p th e ,

C u m b e rl an d w ith h is gu n b o at s c on v o yi n g -

t ran sp ort s fill e d w ith t roop s th at w ere to

c o n stit u t e Wall ac e s T hi rd D ivi si on T h e ’
.

c ol u m n s c o mm an d e d re sp e ctiv e ly by C ol o ,

n el s O gl e sby an d W H L Wall ac e of . . .
,

th e F i rst divi si on an d C ol on e l s C o o k an d ,

L au m an of th e S e c on d div i si on (w h o w e re
a SH P SH O E
nE
’
s AR -
O T R.
acti n g b rig adi ers) w hil e m o vi n g ac ross th e
,

w o o d e d c ou n t r y b e t w e e n th e tw o riv ers m e tw ith n o arm e d m e n ; an d e arly in ,

Le tt f G
er o e n era lJ uh n ston to
“ C g on re ssm an B ark sdal e at R ich mon d M arch 1 8 1 862
, , , .

‘
3 S ee pag 1 02e .
 T HE CAR O N DELET .
—O PENIN G OF B AT TLE .

th e aft e rn oo n they c am e in sight Of th e fo rt d ro v e I n th e pick e t s an d pro ce e d e d , , ,

w ith so m e se v e re ski rm i shi n g to t ak e th e i r p re sc ribe d p ositi o n s as n e arly , ,

as p o ssibl e E v e ry thi n g w as in re adi n e ss fo r b attl e b e fore m orn i n g an d at

.
,
“
d aw n th e att ack w as c o m m en c e d by th e sh arp sh oo t e rs of C ol o -

n e l B e rg e (Sixty sixth Illi n o i s w h o adv an c e d u p o n

-

th e C o n fe d e rat e pick e t s an d th u s di scl ose d th e p o siti on o f th e ,

N ati on al s T h e b att e ri e s of th e C o n fe d e rat e s o n th e l an d sid e w e re at on c e

.
, ,

o p e n e d w hil e th e w at e r b att e ri e s e n g ag e d th e C a r on del et a so lit ary i ron

, ,

cl ad gu n b o at in th e riv er D u ri n g a d e su lt o ry ti re from th e C o n fe d e rat e s

-
.
,

G ran t rapidly p o st ed h is t roo p s for th e m o st vig orou s w ork Mc C le rn an d .

’ ’
w as pl ac e d o n th e right wi th O gl e sby s B rig ad e at th e e xt re m e an d S m i th s , ,
'

w as p o ste d on th e l e ft o pp o sit e th e n o rth w e st p o rti on o f th e fort T he

,
.

ligh t artill e ry w as pl an t e d w i th p rop e r i n fan t ry supp orts u p o n th e v ari o u s , ,

road s to re p e l app ro achi n g c o l u m n s w hil e th e h e avi e r g u n s u n d e r th e

, , ,

di re cti o n o f M aj or C av e n d e r w e re b rou ght to b e ar u p on th o se of th e ,

fort .

l Vith thi s g e n e ral di sp osi ti o n o f h is t roo p s al on g a li n e n early fo u r m il e s

in l e n gth G ran t w h o h ad m ad e th e h o u se o f Mrs C ri s p ab o u t tw o m il e s
, ,
.
,

fro m D o v e r at th e h e ad ,

q
o f Hi ck m an s C re e k h is
’
,

h e ad u arters re frai n e d
-
,

from a g e n e ra l at tack ,

w hil e w aiti n g fo r th e ar
riv al of th e gu n b o at s -

an d IVal l ac e s T hi rd D i
’

vi si o n Y e t h e avy artil
.

l e ry fi ri n g an d b ri sk ski r
m i shi n g w e re k e pt u p all
th e fo re n oon an d B e rg e s
’
,

sh arp sh oot e rs c on c e al e d
b ehi n d l og s an d t re e s
,
D QU E S PO O N E SO N G R A NT B II EA
'
-
A RT R , RT D L .

s p re ad t e rro r am o n g th e C on fe d e rat e g u n n e rs w h o w e re rapidly pick e d o ff

,

by th e m F i n all y w ith a d e te rm i n ati on to m ak e a l o dg m e n t u p on th e

.
,

C on fe d e rat e i n t ren ch m e n t s Mc C le rn an d at ab o u t n o o n ord e re d C o l o n e l , , ,

‘Vall ac e to c apt u re a fo rm id abl e b att e ry k n o w n as th e Middl e R e d o u bt on , ,

a hill w e st o f a v all e y w hich se p arat e d th e right w i n g u n d e r B u ck n e r from

,

th e right c e n t e r c o m m an d e d by C o l o n e l Hie m an T h e t ro o p s e m pl o y e d .

for th i s p u rp ose w e re Illi n o i s re gi m e n t s— th e Se v e n t ee n th M aj o r S m ith , ,

c o m m an di n g ; th e F o rt y e ighth C ol o n e l Hay n e ; an d th e F o rty n i n th -

,
-

C o l o n e l M orri son — c o v e re d by Mc A l l iste r s b att e ry T h e y w e re pl ac e d

’
.

u n d e r Hay n e w h o w as th e se n i o r c o l on e l D ashi n g ac ross th e i n t e rv e n i n g

, .

k n oll s an d ravin e s an d u p t o w ard th e b att e ry w ith g re at spi rit th e y fo un d

, , ,

t h em se lv e s c on fro n t e d by sup e ri o r n u m b e rs T h e i r li n e n ot b e i n g l o n g .

e n o u gh to e n v e l o p e th e w o rk s th e F o rty fi fth Illi n o i s C o l o n e l S m ith w e re -

,
, ,

hi gi m t a m dw ith th H y i fl w
1 T s re en ga iz d a h a p h t by G
,
r e l F m t E ach
e enr r e. e re o r n e s s r -
s oo e rs ene ra re on .

m a w a ch
n bc s f hi kill a a m k m
o se n Th
e gim t fi t pp a d i acti i th i g w
ause o s s s ar s an . e re en rs a e re n on n e s e e no

un d i d ti
er c o n s Th y w aft w
e ra dc pic
on . t th battl f Shil h a d th i g f C i th T h y
e e re er ar o ns u ou s a e e o o ,
n e s e e o or n . e

w l i activ
e re a so vic i Sh m
n C m paig i 1 86 4 w h th y w highly c m pli m t d by G al
e ser e n er an s
‘
a n n ,
e re e ere o en e ener s

M Ph
c a d L ga
e rso n f h avi g h l d a id g at Ii a gai t a b igad f C f d at I am i d bt d t
n o n, or n e r e e sac a ns r e o on e er es . n e e o

L i t a t A W B il l f th
e u en n gi m t f th k tch f m w hich th g avi g pag 21 0 wa m ad e
. .
, o e re en , or e s e ro e en r n on e s .
21 2 DEFEAT or T HE NATI O NAL TRO O P S .

sen t to ppo rt on th e right T h e y too display e d g re at courage in

th e i r su .
, ,

th e fac e of a g alli n g fi re T h e C on fe d e rate s w e re c o n c e n trat e d in d e fen se .

o f th e p o siti on w i th tw o su p po rti n g fi e ld b atte ri e s an d soo n b e g an to sh o w ,

’
st re n gth in fron t of O gl e sby s b rig ad e S ch w art z s b att e ry w as fi rst
’
.

adv an c e d to m e e t thi s n e w d an g e r an d th en T ayl o r w as di re ct e d to th ro w ,

fo rw ard tw o se cti on s of h is b att e ry to th at po siti on T h e fight fo r a littl e .

w hil e w as se v e re an d st u bb orn w h en th e N ati on al s w e re re p u l se d Sim i l ar ,

.

m o v e m e n t s on th e l e ft by a p o rti o n of C o l o n e l L au m an s b rig ad e w ere

’

e q u ally u n su cc e ssfu l an d in b o th c ase s th e N ati on al l o ss w as h e avy The .

,

t roop s som e w h at di sc ou rag ed fe ll b ack to th e p o si ti on th e y o cc u pi e d in th e

, ,

m o rn i n g an d an xi o u sly aw ait e d th e arriv al of th e gun b oat s an d e x pecte d

,
-

re e n fo rc e m e n t s
-
.

T h at n ight th e N ati on al t roo p s w e re t e rribly sm itt e n by an u n e x pe ct e d

e n em y T h e sp ri n g like m o rn i n g d u rin g w hich m an y o f th e m in e xp e ct a
.
-
, ,

ti o n of a b attl e h ad l aid asid e th e i r o v e rc oats an d bl an k e t s w as su cc e e d e d

, ,

by cl ou d s an d chilli n e ss 1 n th e afte rn oo n h e av y rai n in th e e v e n i n g an d sl ee t , ,

an d sn o w an d se v e re fro st at m id n ight th e m e rc u ry h avi n g rapidly fall en ,

at th at h o u r to o n ly te n d e g re e s ab o v e z e ro T h e b e si e g e rs w e re h iv ou ac ke d .

w i th o u t t e n t s an d d are d n o t light a fi re b e c au se i t i m m e di at e ly be c am e a
, ,

m ark fo r th e g u n s o f th e b e si e g e d T he i r fo o d w as sc an t an d so m e w ere .
,

w i th o u t an y ; an d in th at k e e n w i n t ry air th e g ro u n d lik e i ro n an d m ail e d , ,

in ic e w ith i n su ffici e n t cl o thin g n o sh e lt e r an d h alf st arv e d th e w e ary

, , , , ,

w o rn an d i n t e n se ly su ffe ri n g t roo p s sadly an d an xi o u sly aw ait e d th e d aw n

,
-

an d th e e x pe ct e d re e n fo rc e m e n t s T h e C o n fe d e rat e s w h o l ay u po n t h e i r
-
.
,

arm s all n ight in th e t re n ch e s w e re e q u al su ff e re rs ,

.

C on sci o u s of th e pe ril o f h is sit u ati on G ran t h ad se n t a c ou ri er to ,

G e n e ral Wall ac e at F o rt Hen ry to b ri n g o v e r th e g arri so n th e re im m e ,

diate l y T h e ord e r re ach e d th at o ifi c er at ab o u t m id n ig ht

. At .

“
20?
F
aw n h e m arch e d fo r F ort D on e l so n w ith th e E l e v e n th I n di an a
2 d , ,

th e E ighth Mi sso u ri an d h is b att e ry in ch arg e o f C o m p an y A , ,

Chic ag o A rtil l e ry A c ru st of sl e e t an d sn o w c ov e re d th e g ro u n d an d th e
.
,

air w as fu ll o f d ri fti n g fro st With ch ee ri n g an d sin gi n g o f so n g s an d .

, ,

sou n din g of b u gl e s th es e t roo p s p re sse d on an d at n oo n th e g e n e ral re p ort e d ,

at G ran t s h e ad q u art ers an d d in ed w ith h im on c rack e rs an d c offe e

’
-
.
,

I n th e m ean ti m e th e g u n b o at s an d t ran spo rt s h ad arriv e d an d w i th th em ,

th e re e n forcem en t s th at w e re to form th e T hi rd D ivi si o n

-
T h e adv e n t of th e .

l att er w as m ost tim ely T h e y w e re l an d e d w ith th e i r artill e ry th re e m il e s .

b e l ow th e fort an d rapidly cl e ari n g th e w oo d s b e fore th e m w e re st an di n g

, , ,

aro u n d G ran t s h ead q u art e rs soo n aft er Wall ac e s arr i v al th e re He w as at

’ -
’
.

o n c e pl ac e d in c omm an d o f th e m an d p o ste d be t w ee n Mc C l ern an d an d S m ith

‘
, ,

th e reby (w ith tw o of S m ith s re gi m e n t s un d e r Mc A rth u r p o st e d o n Mc C l e r

’
, ,

n an d s e xt rem e right ) c o m pl e t in g th e ab so l u t e i n v e st m en t o f th e fo rt an d its

’

o u t w ork s He w as ord e re d by G ran t to h o ld th at p o siti on an d to p re v en t

.
,

1 hi d i vi i c ist d f tw b igades c mma d d sp cti v ly by C l l C afta d J h M T h ay

T s s on on s e o o r , o n e re e e o o ne s r n o n . er.

Th e fi t b igad rC ft ) wa c m p se d f th T hi ty fi t I d ia a C l l O b ; S v t en th K t ky
rs r e rn
‘
s s o o o e r -
rs n n , o on e s o rn e en e e n uc

Cl
o on e l M H y ; F ty f th I d i a a C l l R d ; a d T w ty fifth K t cky C l l Shack lf d Th
c enr or -
ou r n n , o on e ee n en -
en u ,
o o ne e or . e

sc o on d b igad ( T hay
r ) wa c m p
e d f th F i t N b aska C l l Mc c d ; S v ty i xth O h i C l l
er s s o o se o e rs e r , o on e or e en -
s o, o on e

Woo d ; a d F ifty ig hth O hi C l

s n l St ad m a Th e regim t ( F ty i xth Il li ois C l l D vi ; Fifty
-
e o, o on e e n. r e en s or s n , o o ne a s

sev enth I lli i C l l Bal d wi a d F i fty ighth I ll in is C l l Ly h ) cam p th e xt day d u i g th e

no s, o on e n , n -
e o , o one nc e u ne r n

acti on ,an d w attach e d to C l

ere l T hay c m man d o on e er s o .
 A TT A C K O N THE WA T E R BATTERIES . 21 3

enemy from e sc apin g in th a t di re cti on ; in oth e r w ord s,to rep el an y s ally

'

th e
fro m th e fo rt R ati on s th at h ad b een b rou ght fo rw ard w e re n o w i ssu e d to
.
-

th e h alf st arv e d m e n of th e li n e an d all th e p re p arati o n s fo r a g e n eral assau lt

-
,

w ere soon c o m pl e t e d .

T h e gu n bo at C aron dele t C o mm an d e r Walk e w hich h ad arriv e d tw o

-
, ,

d ay s be fore an d mad e a div e rs i on in fav or o f G ran t on th e 1 3th h ad th e

,
‘
,

h on or o f o p en i n g th e assau lt o n F o rt D on e l son at th re e o cl o ck in th e aft e r ,

’

n o o n o f F rid ay th e 1 4th an d w as i m m e di at e ly j o i n e d by th e
‘
, ,

arm ore d v esse l s S t L ou is P il l sbu ry an d L ou isvill e . T h e se , , .

form e d th e fi rst li n e T h e se c on d li n e w as c om po se d o f th e un ar
.

m o re d gu n b o at s Con estoga Ty ler an d L ex in gton

-
T h e w h ol e w ere u n d er , , .

th e pe rs on al c omm an d of C o mm o d ore F o o t e w h o h ad n o t b een abl e to ge t ,

his m o rt ar bo at s in re adin ess to acc om p an y th e e xp e di ti o n

-
.

T h e fl otill a m ad e d ire ct w ar u po n th e w at er b att e ri e s w ith th e i n t e n ti on -

,

o f sil e n ci n g an d p assi n g th e m so as to g ai n a po siti o n to e n fi lade th e f ac e s

,

o f th e fo rt w ith b road sid e s T h e fight w as se v e re N e v er w as a littl e . .

sq u ad ron e xpo se d to so te rribl e a fi re .

T we n ty h e av y g u n s w e re t rai n e d u po n it ,

th o se fro m th e hill sid e h u rli n g pl u n gi n g -

" a n

sh o t w ith aw fu l p re cis i on an d e fl e c t w hil e

'

o n ly t w e lv e b o at g u n s c o u ld re ply Y et -
.
,

in th e fac e o f this t errific st o rm F oo t e w i th , ,

his fl ag ship (S t L o u is) an d th e o th e r

-
.

arm o re d b o at s sl o w ly m o v e d n e are r an d
,

n eare r in th e d espe rat e st ru ggl e u n til h e ,

w as o n ly fo u r h un d re d y ard s fro m th e b at
t e ri e s Ve ry soo n th e u ppe r o n e of fo u r
.

g u n s w as sil e n c e d th e m e n w e re flyi n g from ,

bo th to th e fo rt abo v e an d th e vict o ri o u s ,

v es se l s w e re o n th e p o i n t o f sh ooti n g by ,

w h e n th e L ou is ville assail e d by flyi n g m is ,

sil es an d a c ro ss fi re w as di sabl e d by a sh o t ,

w hich c u taw ay h e r ru dd e r c h ai n s U t te rly -

.

h elpl ess sh e d rifte d aw ay w i th th e c u rre n t

,

o f th e n arro w riv e r T h e fl ag ship w as -

m G U N B A TS m m C
.

m K P os ox or T ; -
O A TT A
v e ry soon in a si mil ar c on di ti on an d th e a m , ox r o r no x s ox ’ .

c o m m o d o re w as se v e re ly w o un d e d in th e
fo o t by a falli n g pi e c e o f ti m b e r T h e o th e r tw o arm ore d v e sse l s w e re t e rribly .

w o u n d e d an d a h e av y rifl e d c an n on on th e C aron delet w as bu rst e d d u ri n g

,

th e e n g ag e m e n t .

F o r m o re th an an h ou r th e t em p est o f i ron h ad b e e n b e ati n g fu ri ou sly

1 T hat d iv i ers o n w as m ore in th e b at w f

xt m l or m of c i
a re on n o ssan e , and th e o e ra c p ti o n s of th e g u n - o e re e re e y

m i m l y b hi d a j tti g p m t y c f m th h vi h t f m th h d
b tt i w ith g t ff ct T h c m m a d f “
o re, a n
f l
use u T h Ch
. e ro u a e n u n ro on or . se ure ro e ea er s o s ro e s

h l d h t a d h ll i t th f t a d
ur e s o n s th w at
e n o e or n on e er a e r es re a e e . e o n er O 19 58

bat t i aft wa d d cla d h t th fi f th Oa d l t d i d m act l d amag t h i g th th h avy

er es er r e re t a e re o e
’

r on e e ore ua e o s un s an e e r

b m ba d m t th f ll w i g d y A h t f m th Ca dd t th m i g f th 1 8 th kill d Capt i
o r en on e o o n a . s o ro e ron e on e orn n o e ,
e a n

l w a p ci lly i gl d t f i j y “th
,

D ix on. o n f th b t f th C f d
e o e t gi es a d th at v
o e on e era e e n n ee rs, n esse s s e a s n e ou or n ur 0 e

1 4th f, a a C
o r, f d at dia ( Payma t N ix ) ai d “S h w a th bj ct f
s on e er e o h t d
'
r a d dd d s er on s , e s e o e o o ur a re n a e ,

Ma y a g w a l v l d ath l
n un s e e e e r a o n e.
”

I am i d bt d t th c t y f C m m d W lk f th Ca d l t f th ab v k t h h w i g th
n e e o e o ur e s o o an er a e, o e r on e e ,
or e o e s e c s o n e

p siti f th e fl til la at th begi ning rth attack th wat batt i

o on o o e n o e on e er e r e s.
 21 4 T HE C O NFEDERATES P RE P A RE FO R A S O RT TE .

u p on th e fou r arm ore d v essel s an d so p e ril ou s b e c am e th e c on diti on of th e m ,

all th at F oot e o rde re d th em to w i thd raw

,
T he n th e fu gi tiv es from th e sh o re .

b att e ri e s ran b ack to th e i r g u n s an d g av e th e retirin g fl otill a som e de adl v

°
,

p arti n g bl o w s T h e fo u r v e sse l s re c e iv e d d u ri n g th e acti on in th e agg re g at e

.
, ,

n o l ess th an on e h u n d re d an d forty — on e w o u n d s fro m th e C o n fe d erat e sh ot

1
an d sh e ll an d l o st fi fty fou r m e n kill e d an d m ai m e d
,
-
.

Aft e r c on su lt ati on w i th G e n eral G ran t an d h is o w n offi c e rs F oo t e se t o u t ,

for C ai ro fo r th e p u rp ose o f h avin g th e d am ag e s to h is fl o till a re p ai re d an d to

, ,

b ri n g u p a c om p e te n t n av al forc e to assi st in c arryi n g o n th e si e g e w ith g re at e r

vig or ”
G ran t re so lv e d to w ait for h is re t urn an d for l arge re—
. e n fo rc e m e n t s ,

m e an w hil e st re n g th e n in g h is ow n w e ak p o i n t s h o ldin g th e C on fe d e rat es ,

tigh tly in th e i r i n t re n ch m e n t s an d c u tti n g o ff th e ir su ppli e s w ith a p o ssibili ty

, ,

of st arvi n g th e m i n t o a su rre n d e r T h e b e si e g e d w e re c o n sci o u s o f th e i r p e ril

.
,

w hich w o u ld i n c re ase w i th e v e ry h o u r o f d e l ay T h e o ffic e rs o f divi si o n s an d .

“
b rig ad e s h e ld a c o u n cil of w ar on th e e v e n i n g o f th e i 4th o v e r ,
F b y w hich F l o yd th e chi e f comm an d e r p re sid e d He g av e it as h is
6 e ru ar ,
.
1 802 .
, ,

Opi n i o n th at th e fo rt w as u n t e n abl e w ith l e ss th an fi fty th o u san d

m en to d e fe n d it an d p ro p ose d fo r th e p u rpo se of sav in g th e g arri son to
, , ,

m ak e a so rti e n e xt m o rn i n g w i th h alf h is arm y an d F o rre st s c av al ry u po n

,
’
,

Mc C l e rn an d s divi si o n o n G ran t s right c ru sh it o r th ro w it b ack u p o n Viral

’ ’
, ,

l ac e an d by a su cc ee di n g m o v eme n t o n th e c e n te r by B u ck n e r c ast th e
, , ,

w h ol e b e l e ag u e ri n g arm y i n t o c o n fu si o n o r ro u t an d d e st ro y it w h e n th e , ,

lib e rat e d t ro op s m ight e asily p ass o ut i n t o th e o p e n c o u n t ry aro u n d N ash

vill e T hi s pl an p ro m i si n g su cc e ss w as ag ree d to by u n an i m ou s c o n se n t
.
, , ,

an d p re p arati on s w e re m ade acc o rdi n gly .

Th e tro o p s d esig n ate d for th e g ran d so rt i e ab o u t te n th o u san d in ,

n um b e r, w e re un d er th e com m an d o f G e n e ral s Pill ow an d B ush ro d R .

J o hn st on th e form e r b e in g chi e f ,

T h e y w e re p u t in m o t i o n from
D o v e r at fi ve o cl o ck ’

5 F b 15 e . .

on S at u rd ay m ornin g
’
C o l on e l B ald w i n s b rig ad e o f th re e
re gi m e n t s o f Mi ssi ssippi an d T en

n esse e t ro o p s in adv an c e fo ll o w e d ,

by fo u r Vi rgi n i a re gim e n t s u n d e r ,

C ol o n e l s Wh art on an d Mc C ausl an d ,

an d se v e ral m ore u n d er C o l o n e l s
D avid so n D rak e an d oth e rs T h e se , ,
.

’
w e re acc o m p an i e d b y F ore st s
c av al rv an d thi rty h e av y g u n s w ith ,

a fu ll c om pl e m en t of art ill e ri st s . .

T hi s m ai n b o dy w e re di re ct e d to
B U S H O J OHN S O N R D I
att ack
.

Mc C le rn an d s t roop s w h o
T .
’
,

o cc u pi e d th e h e ight s th at re ach e d to th e riv e r j u st ab o v e D o v e r B u ck n e r , .

w as di re ct e d to st rik e Wall ac e s divi si on w hich lay ac ro ss th e Wyn n e s

’ ’
,

1 Fifty ih t t ck th St L i thi ty
-
n ne s o s ru e . ou s, r -
six hit th e Lou iw il l e, w en t ty -
six w ou n d d th
e e Caron d elett
an d tw ty h t w
en c iv d by th P itt b g
s o e re re e e e s ur .

R p t f C mm d F t t th S c t y
e or o o o o re oo e o e e re a r o f th e N avy ,
on h eard h is fl ag~
sh lp, F e b 1 5 th , 1 86 2 . .
 B A T TLE or F ORT D O N ELS O N .
21 5

F erry roa d ,
tim e so th at it sh o u ld n ot b e in a c on diti o n
at a ou b t th e sam e ,

to aid Mc C le rn an d “
Pill o w e x p e c te d h e said to roll th e e n e m y in fu ll
.
, ,

re t re at o v e r u p o n G e n e ral B u ckn e r w h e n by h is att ack in fl an k an d re ar , , ,

”
th e y c o u ld c ut u p th e e n e m y an d p u t h im c om pl e t e ly to ro u t .
l

Mc C le rn an d s divi si on w as w e ll p o st e d to re si st th e assail an t s h ad th e
’

y ,

b ee n o n th e al e rt ; b u t th e m o v e m e n t of th e C o n fe d e rat e s app e ars n ot to

h av e b ee n e v e n su sp e ct e d R e v e ill e w as j u st so u n di n g an d th e t roop s w e re
.
,
’
n ot u n d e r arm s ; an d so su dd e n an d vig o ro u s w as Pill o w s att ack th at th e ,

w h ol e o f G ran t s right w i n g w as se ri ou sly m en ac e d w ithi n t w e n ty m in u t es

’

aft e r th e p re se n c e o f th e C on fe d erat e s w as o b se rv e d T h en vig o r an d ski ll .

m ark e d e v e ry m o v e m e n t an d Pill o w s att em pt to th ro w c av al ry in th e re ar

,
’

o f Mc A rth u r o n O gl e sby s e xt re m e right w as th w art e d

’
,
.
,

Th e att ack w as q u ick fu ri ou s an d h e avy

’
O gl e sby s b rig ad e h ad , , .

re c e iv e d th e fi rst sh o ck o f th e b attl e an d g all an tly w i th st oo d it u n til th e i r ,

am m u n i ti o n b e g an to fail C o l on e l W H L VVall ace s b rig ad e h ast e n e d to

. . . .
’

th e i r re li e f b u t th e p re ssu re w as so
,

t re m e n d o u s th at O gl e sby s li n e al l g av e ’

w ay e xc e p ti n g th e e xt re m e l e ft h eld by
, ,

th e T hi rty fi rst Illi n o i s w h o se c o m m an d e r

-
, ,

C ol on e l J oh n A L o g an i n spi re d h is .
,

t ro o p s w i th su ch c o u rag e an d fai th by
h is o w n act s th at th e y st o o d lik e a w all
,

o pp o se d to th e fe e an d p re v e n t e d a p an ic ,

an d a ro u t I n th e m e an tim e th e light
.

b att e ri e s u n d er T ayl o r Mc A ll iste r an d , ,

D re sse r sh ift in g po siti o n s an d c o n t in u ally

,

se n di n g h e avy v o ll e y s o f g rap e an d c an

i st er sh ot m ad e th e l in e o f th e assail an t s
,

re c o il ag ai n an d ag ain B u t th e fre sh .

t ro op s c o n ti n u ally p re ssi n g fo rw ard in

g re at e r n u m b e rs k e pt its st re n gth u n i m J O HN M D A C C L ER N AN

p aire d an d v e ry soo n th e w h o l e of Me
. .

,
’
C l e rn an d s div i si o n w as in su ch a p e ril o u s sit u ati on th at at ab ou t e ight ,

o cl o ck h e se n t to G e n e ral L e w i s Wall ac e c o m m an di n g th e T hi rd D ivi si o n

’
, ,

for im m e di at e assi st an c e A s th e l att e r w as assig n e d to th e sp e ci al d u ty of

.

p re v en t in g th e e sc ap e o f th e C o n f e d e rat e s h e appli e d to h e ad q u art e rs fo r ,

-

in st ru cti o n s G ran t w as aw ay in c on fe re n c e w ith C o m m od ore F o ot e

. .

Ag ai n Mc C le r nan d sen t fo r assi stan c e sayi n g su b st an ti ally th at h is fl an k ,

w as t u rn e d an d h is w h o l e c o m m an d w as e n d an g ere d
,
Wall ac e t ook th e .

re sp o n sibility o f i m m e diat e ly o rd e ri n g C o l on e l C ru ft to m o v e h is b rig ad e o n

to th e right an d re p o rt to Mc C l ern an d
,
A n i n c o m p e te n t g u id e t ook C ru ft .

too far to th e right w h e re h e w as fi e rc e ly assail e d by a g re atly su p e ri or

,

forc e an d c o m p e ll e d to b e ar th e b ru n t of b attl e for a ti m e He st ru ggl e d

,
.

g all an tly w ith an e q u ally g all an t foe ch argi n g an d re c e ivi n g ch arg e s w ith ,

v ari e d fort u n e s u n til h is an t ag on i st s g av e u p th e fight

,
.

In th e m e an t im e G e n e ral B u ck n er h ad m ad e h is app e aran c e in c on sid e r ,

l Pill ow s re
‘
p t
or to C pt i Cl
a a n are n e c De rr i ck “Assi stan t Ad j t t G
u an -
e n era l ”
,
wr itt en at h is h om e in
,

Col u m bi a T ,
en n e ssee , on th e 1 8th of Fb e ruar y , 18 62.
21 6 BA TTLE or F ORT D O NELS O N .

’
a bl e forc e to att ack th e l e ft of th e c en t e r of G ran t s li n e an d p rod u c e th e
, ,

c on fu si on as di re ct e d in F l oyd s p ro g ram m e T h ere see m e d to b e m u ch ’

.

p eril to th e N a ti on al t roo p s in thi s m o v e m e n t an d th e d an g er seem e d m ore ,

im m i n en t w h en som e fright e n e d fu gitiv e s from th e b attl e c am e c row di n g u p

th e hill in th e re ar o f Wall ac e s D ivi si on an d a m o u n t e d oflicer d ash e d
’
,

al on g sh ou ti n g
“ We are c u t to pi ec es i It w as h ere th at th e w h ol e o f
”
, ,

Mc C le rn an d s li n e i n cl u di n g C ru ft s m e n w as rapidly falli n g b ack C o l o

’
,
’
,
.

n e l s L o g an L aw l e r an d R an som w e re w o u n d e d an d a l arg e n u m b er of
, , ,

su b alt e rn s h ad b e e n kill ed y e t th e re w as n o c o n fu si on in th at li n e Th is
, .

w as th e c ri si s of th e b at tl e an d it w as p ro m p tly m e t T o p re v e n t a p an ic ,
.

in h is o w n b rig ad e Wall ac e ord ere d C o l on e l T h ay er to m ov e o n by th e

,

right fl an k R idi n g at th e fron t h e m e t th e re ti ri n g t roo p s m ovi n g in

.
, ,

g oo d ord e r an d c alli n g for am m u n iti o n th e w an t o f w hich h ad b e e n th e chi e f ,

c au se of th e ir m i sfort u n e He saw th at e v e ry thi n g d e pe n d e d u p on p rom pt .

acti on T h ere w as n o ti m e to w ait f o r o rd e rs so h e th ru st h is thi rd b rig ad e

.
,

o l on e l T h ay e r c o m m an di n g
( C ) b e t w e e n th e re ti ri n g t roo p s an d th e fl u sh e d .

C on fe d erat e s w h o w e re rapidly foll o w in g fo rm e d a n e w li n e of b attl e ac ro ss

, ,

th e ro ad w ith th e Chic ag o artill e ry Li e u t e n an t Woo d in th e c e n t e r an d th e

, , , ,

F i rst N e b rask a F i fty e ighth Illi n oi s F ifty e igh th O hi o an d a c o m p an y

,
-
,
-
,

o f th e T hi rty se c o n d Illi n o i s o n its right an d l e ft

-
B ack of th e se w as a .

re se rv e c o m po se d o f th e S e v e n ty sixth O hi o an d F o rt y six th an d F i tty

,
-
,
-

I n thi s p o si ti o n th e y aw ait e d att ack w hil e Mc C l e rn an d s

’
se v e n th Illi n o i s .
,

re ti ri n g t roo p s h al ti n g n e ar su ppli e d th e m se lv e s w ith am m u n i ti o n from

, ,

w ag on s w hich l Val l ac e h ad o rd e re d u p .

T h e se p re p arati o n s w e re j u st c o m pl e t e d w h en th e C o n fe d e rat e s (th e

forc e s of Pill ow an d B u ck n e r c o m bi n e d ) fe ll h e avily u p o n th e b att e ry an d ‘

F i rst N e b rask a an d w e re c ast b ack by th e m as th e ro ck th ro w s b ack th e

,

bill o w s T o say th e y did w e ll

.
”
said Wall ac e is n o t en o u gh ; th ei r
“
, ,

c on d u ct w as spl e n did T h e y al o n e re p ell e d th e ch arg e an d th e C o n f e de

.

rat e s afte r a se v e re c on t e st re ti re d to th e i r w o rk s in c o n fu si o n
“ T hey .
, ,

w ithd re w
”
said B u ck n e r
“w ith o u t p an ic b u t in so m e c o n fu si o n to th e
, , , ,
” 3 '

t re n ch e s T hi s w as th e l ast sally fro m th e fo rt for by th e ti m e ly an d e fl e c

.
, ,

t u al i n t erp osi ti o n of th e T hi rd D ivi si on th e pl an s of th e C o n fe d e rat e s w e re ,

fru st rat e d “I sp ea k a dv isedly

.
”
w ro t e C apt ai n W S Hilly e r (G ran t s Aid . .
’
,

de— c am p ) to G e n e ral Wall ac e th e n e xt day o n a slip o f p ap e r w ith p e n cil , ,

”
G od bl e ss y o u ! y o u did sav e th e day o n th e right 1 Poo r Pill ow w ith h is ,

u su al sh all o w n e ss h ad se n t an aid w h e n Mc C le rn an d s li n e g av e w a
’
, y to t e l e , ,
”
g raph to J oh n st on th at on th e h o n o r of a so ldi er th e day w as th e i rs an d
,

h e foo li shly p ersisiste d in sayi n g in h is fi rst re p o rt a fe w d ay s afte rw ard , , ,

th at th e C on fe d e rat e s h ad acc om pli sh e d th ei r obje ct w h e n it w as kn o wn to ,

all th at th e y h ad u tt e rly fail e d .

It w as at ab ou t n oon w h en th e C on f e d e rat e s w ere driv en b ack to th e i r

t re n ch e s G e n eral G ran t see m e d d ou b tfu l o f h is abilit y to m ak e a su cc e ssfu l
.

assau lt u p on th e i r w ork s w ith h is p re sen t fo rc e an d at ab o u t th ree o cl o ck

’
,

in th e af t e rn oo n h e c all e d Mc C l e rn an d an d Wall ac e asid e fo r c on su l tati on .

G l Pill w fi t R p t
e ne ra R p t fG
o
‘
s rs e or e or o e n era l Wall ac e . R e p ort of G e n eral B uck n e r.

t gth f thi J h t t a d i patch R ich m d ci g a g at vict y

q
O th n e s re n o s. o ns on se n s to on , an n o u n n re or ,
an d on Mo n
day th Ri h m
e d E ic ai d T hi pl di d f at
on n u rer s s s en e of ar ms and gl i or ous vict y t or ca o our use w l il sen d a
th ill f j y v th wh l C f d acy
r o o o er e o e on e er .
”
 BAT TLE or F ORT D O N ELS O N .
21 7

T h e y w ere all h orse b ack G ran t h e ld som e dispatch es in h is h an d He

on .
.

sp o k e of th e se e m i n g n e c e ssity o f falli n g b ack an d i n t re n chi n g so as to ,

st an d on th e d e fe n siv e u n ti l re e n fo rc e m e n t s an d F o o t e s fl otill a sh o u ld -
’
,

arriv e His w o rd s w e re fe w as u sual an d h is fac e was fl u sh ed b y st ron g

.
, ,

e m o ti o n s o f th e m i n d w hil e h e t u rn e d h is e y e s n e rv ou sly n ow an d th e n o n
,

th e di sp atch e s It w as su gg e st e d th at Mc C lern an d s d e feat u n c o v e re d th e

.
’

ro ad by w hich th e e n e m y m ight esc ap e to Cl ark svill e I n an i n st an t th e .

G e n e ral s c o u n t e n an c e ch an g e d from cl ou di n e ss to su n shi n e A n e w th ou ght

’
.

t oo k p osse ssi on of h im an d h e act e d i n st an tly on its su gge sti on s G raspi n g .

.

th e di sp atch e s m o re fi rm ly h e o rd ere d Mc C l e rn an d to re t ak e th e hill h e h ad

,

l ost w hil e S m ith sh ou ld m ak e a sim u l tan eou s att ack on th e C on fe d e rat e

,

right
’
.

T h e n e w m o v e m e n t w as i m m e di at e l y b eg un Mc C ler nan d re q u e st e d .

Wallac e to ret ak e th e g ro u n d l ost in th e m ornin g A c o l um n of att ack w as .

soon fo rm e d w i th th e Eigh th Mi ssou ri C o l on e l M o rg an L S m ith an d th e

, , .
,

E l e v e n th I n di an a (Wall ac e s ol d re gi m e n t) C o l o n e l G eo rg e McG in n is (b o th
’
,

l e d by th e fo rm e r as a b rig ad e) m o vi n g at th e h e ad T w o O hi o re gi m e n t s , .
,

u n d e r C o l o n e l R o ss fo rm e d a su pp o rti n g c o l u m n
,
At th e sam e t im e C o l on e l .
,

C raf t fo rm e d a li n e o f b attl e at th e fo ot of th e hil l .

T h e E ighth M i sso u ri l e d th e v an cl o se ly fo ll o w e d by th e E l e v e n th ,

In di an a ; an d w h e n ab o u t h alf w ay u p th e hill th e y re c e iv e d a v oll e y from its ,

su m m it Th e g ro u n d w as b ro k e n rou gh an d p artly w oo d e d
. T h e N ati o n al s , ,
.

p re sse d on an d th e stru ggl e w as fi e rc e an d u n yi e ldi n g fo r m ore th an an h ou r

,
.

G rad u ally th e C on fe d e rates we re p u sh e d b ack an d th e i r assail an ts soon ,

cl eare d th e hill T h e y d ro v e th e in su rg en t s to th e i r i n t re n ch m en t s an d
.
,

w o u ld h av e assail e d th e m th ere h ad n ot an o rd e r re ach e d Wall ac e w h e n ,

h e w as o n ly o n e h u n d re d an d fifty y ard s of? th e w o rk s to h alt an d re tire ,

h is c o l u m n as a n e w p l an o f o p e rati o n s w as in c o n t e m pl ati on for th e n e xt

,

day .T h at c o mm an d e r w as ast o n i sh e d an d pe rpl e x e d He w as sati sfi e d .

th at G ran t w as n o t i n fo rm e d of th e e n ti re su cc ess of h is m o v e m e n t He .

w as al so sati sfi e d th at if h e sh o u ld fall b ack an d giv e u p th e hill (it w as th en

fi v e o cl o ck in th e e v e n i n g ) th e w ay w ould b e o pe n e d for th e C on fed e rat es
’

to e sc ap e u n d e r c o v e r o f
app ro achi n g d ark n e ss So .

h e assu m e d th e re sp o n si
b il ity o f di so b e yi n g th e or
de r an d h e biv o u ack e d o n
,

th e fi e ld of vict o ry All .

o f th at k e e n w i n t ry n ight
h is w e ari e d t roo p s w e re
b u sy in m i n i st e ri n g to th e
w an t s o f th e w ou n d e d an d
“
,
“
in b u ryi n g th e m an y I ]1i m : am a m rs m _
r ex or v n ru o oors .

“h e
1 G e n era y th at Gl Sh l G a t t l d h im th t at a c t i p i d f th battl
erm an sa s en e ra aw that r n o a , er a n er o o e e, s

eith i d wa ad y t giv w ay if th th h w d a b l d f t a d h d t m i d t d th t v y thi g

er s e s re o e e o er s o e o ro n , n e e er ne o o a er n ,

t ad v a c
o th
n e my wh on a h p g ti ca t d th
e en e , my d d —Sh m a L tt t th
e n, s e ro n os e ,
e ene su rre n e re .
"
er n s
’
e er o e

Ed t f th U it d S ta t S m M ag i J a y 1 865
i or o e n e es er
’

os az n e. an u r ,
.

T hi i f m k tch m d b y th a th
s s ro a s e ly i May 1 866 T hi b ial pl c
a e d d by a d
e u or e ar n ,
. s ur -
a e . surro un e ru e

w attli g f c w a i Hy m ith ld fi l d i th d ge f a w d a w h M A th t p w posted ‘

n en e . s n s
’
s o e n e e o oo ne r ere c r ur s roo s ere .
, ,

Th t a d sh ubbery i th adj i i g w d h w d h d d f ma k f th v battl e i

e ree s n r n e o n n oo s o e un re s ( r s o e se ere .
21 8 THE C O NFEDERAT ES IN C O UN C IL .

no s i t roop s w h o h ad fall en in th e c on flict o f th e m o rn i n g T h e y al so m ad e .

p re p arati on s for st orm in g th e C on fe d e rat e w ork s at an e arly h ou r on th e

foll o w i n g day .

Whil e Wall ac e w as c arryi n g on th e su cc e ssfu l m o v em e n t o n th e C on

fe d e rat e l e ft Sm i th w as assaili n g th e i r in t re n ch m e n ts o n th e ir right He
,
.

p ost e d C av e n de r s h e avy g u n s so as to p ou r a m u rd erou s fi re u p on th ese an d

’

th e fo rt L au m an s B rig ad e fo rm e d th e att acki n g c o l u m n w hil e C o ok s

’ ’
.
,

B rig ad e p ost e d on th e l e ft w as o rd e re d to m ak e a fe ig n e d att ack

, ,
.

L au m an w as di re c te d to c arry th e h e igh ts on th e l eft of th e p o siti on t h at

h ad b ee n assail e d o n T h u rsd ay He pl ac e d th e S e c on d I o w a C o l o n e l T u ttl e
.
, ,

in th e v an T h e se w ere fo ll o w e d by th e F i fty sixth I n di an a as a su ppo rt

.
-
.

T h e se in t u rn w e re cl o se ly fo ll o w e d by th e T w e n ty fi fth I n di an a an d S e v en th
, ,
-

an d F o u rt e e n th I o w a w hil e B e rg e s sh arp— sh oo t ers w e re d e pl o y e d as ski r

’

“
-

,
T
m ish e rs on th e e xt rem e right an d l e ft o f th e c o l u m n h e n all w e re in re adi .

n ess G e n e ral S m ith ro d e al o n g th e li n e t o ld th e t roo p s h e w o u ld l e ad th em

, , ,

an d di re ct e d th em to cl e ar th e rifl e pi ts w i th th e b ay o n e t al o n e At a giv e n -
.

’
sig n al th e c o l um n m o v e d u n d e r c o v e r o f C ap tai n S to n e s Mi sso u ri B att e ry ;
, ,

an d S m ith w ith a c o l o r b e are r at h is sid e ro d e in adv an c e h is c o m m an di n g

,
-
, ,

fig ure fl o w i n g g ray h ai r an d c o u rag e o u s e x am pl e i n spi ri n g th e m e n w i th

, , ,

th e g re at e st ad m i rati o n .

V e ry soo n th e c ol u m n w as sw e pt by a t e rribl e fi re fro m th e C o n f e d e rat e

artill e ry It w av e re d for a m o m e n t b u t th e w o rd s an d ac ts o f th e G e n e ral
.
,

so o n re st ore d its ste adi n e ss an d it m o v e d on rapidly Wh e n T u ttle w as

,
.

withi n ran g e o f th e C o n fe d e rate m u sk e t s h e pl ac e d h im se lf at th e h e ad o f ,

h is m e n an d sh o u t e d F orw ard ! IVith o u t fi ri n g a gu n th e y ch arg e d u p o n

”
,

th e C o n fe d e rat e s w ith th e b ay o n e t d rivi n g th e m fro m th e i r i n t re n ch m e n t s , ,

an d in th e m id st o f ch e e rs fro m a th o u san d v o ic e s th e N ati o n al st an d ard

, ,

w as pl an t e d u p on th e m Wh e n d ark n ess fe ll G e n e ral G ran t k n e w th at his

.
,

pl an so su dd e n ly c on c e iv e d in a m o m en t of an xi e ty h ad se c u re d a so lid
, ,

t ri um ph — th at th e rich fru it of vict o ry w as rip e an d re ady to fall i n t o h is

l ap. T h e re w as jo y in th e N ati o n al c am p th at n ight w hil e t e rro r b ro o d e d ,

o v e r th e i m p ri so n e d C on fe d e rat e s .

Ho w sh all w e e sc ap e w as th e i m p ort an t q u e sti on an xi o u sly c on sid e re d

by th e C o n fe d e rat e l ead e rs th at n ight e sp e ci ally by F l oyd an d Pill o w th e ,

form e r t e rror st rick en b e c au se of th e d an g e r of falli n g i n t o th e h an d s o f th e

-
,

G o v e rn m e n t ag ai n st w hich h e h ad c o m m itt e d su ch fe arfu l c ri m e s ; an d th e

,

l att er suffe ri n g u n n e c essarily fo r th e sam e re ason his v an ity m ag n ifyin g h is ,

o w n i m p o rtan c e m u ch b e y on d its t ru e p ro p o rti o n s A C o u n cil of War w as .

h e ld at Pill ow s h e ad q u art e rs in D o v e r at m idn ight to c o n sid er th e m att e r

’
-

, , , .

T h e re w e re c rim i n ati o n s an d re c ri m i n ati on s an d F l o yd an d Pill o w se e m e d ,

to thi n k o f littl e e l se th an th e salv ati o n of th e m se lv e s from th e p o w e r of th e i r

i nj u re d G o v e rn m en t B u ckn e r too d e si re d to e sc ap e an d it w as re so lv e d to
.
, , ,

eff e ct it if p o ssibl e by c u tti n g th e i r w ay th rou gh th e su pp o se d w e ak right

, ,

o f th e N ati o n al lin e s at fi v e o cl o ck in th e m o rn i n g an d p re ss on t o w ard

’
, ,

N ashvill e .

’
C o l on e l F orest w as ord ered at abo u t tw o o cl o ck to asc ert ai n th e po siti on
, ,

o f th e N ati o n al s an d th e p ractic ab ility o f e sc api n g by th e riv e r ro ad

,
He .

re po rt e d th at th e po siti on fro m w hich th e C o n fe d e rat es h ad be en d riv e n by

,

Wall ace in th e aftern oon , on th e l eft by w hich lay th eir p roj ect e d c ourse o f ,
 A C TI O N or C O WARDLY LEADERS . 21 9

c p w as h e ld by a l arg e b ody of t ro op s an d th at th e b ack w at er ab o v e

es a e , ,
-

D o v er c ou ld n ot b e c ro sse d e x ce pt by c av al ry Ag ain th e c ou n c il d e libe rat e d ‘

.
,

w h e n is w as ag ree d th at th e c o st o f an at tem pt to c u t th e i r w ay ou t w o u ld
p ro b ably b e th e l oss o f th e liv e s of th re e fou rth s of th e t roop s N 0 c om -
.

m an d e r said B u ck n e r “ h as a right to m ak e su ch a sac rific e ”

F l o yd ag ree d .
, ,

w ith h im an d q u ick l y said ,

T h e n w e w ill h av e to c apit u l at e ; b u t g en tl e , ,

m en h e add e d n e rv ou sly
,
I c an n o t su rre n d er ; y o u k n o w m y p ositi on w ith
, ,
”
th e F e d e ral s : it w o u ld n t do it w o u ld n t do Pill o w th e n said to F l oyd
’ ’
,
.
,
“I w ill n ot su rre n d e r m y se lf n or th e c o m m an d w ill die rst” T h ”
; fi e n
_
.
,

said B u ckn er c oolly I su pp ose g en tl em e n th e su rren d er w ill d e v olv e u p on ,

, , ,

me .
”
T h e t e rrifi e d F l o yd q u ickly ask e d “ G e n eral if y ou are p u t in c om , ,

m an d w ill y ou all o w m e to t ak e o u t by th e riv e r m y b rig ad e

,
If you , ,
”
m o v e b e fo re I sh all off e r to su rre n d er B u ck n e r repli e d “ T h e n sir said”
.
, , ,

F l o yd I su rre n d e r th e c o m m an d
,
”
Pill o w wh o w as n e xt in ran k an d to .
, ,

w h o m F l o yd o ff e re d to t ran sfe r th e c o m m an d q u ickly e xcl ai m e d I w ill n ot , ,

acc e pt it — I w ill n e v e r su rre n d e r ”

Whil e sp eaki n g h e t u rn e d t o w ard B u ck .
,

n e r w h o said
“ I w ill acc e pt an d sh are th e fat e of m y c o m m an d ”1
.
, , ,

t e n th e c apit u l ati on w as d e t e rm i n e d u p on F l o yd an d Pill o w w h o it , , ,

h as b ee n j u stly re m ark e d h ad al re ady di sg rac e d th e n am e of A m e ric an ,

’
ci ti z e n s p ro c ee d e d to disg rac e th e ch ara ct er o f a soldi e r al so by st e ali n g
, ,

aw ay u n d e r c o v e r o f th e n ight d e se rti n g in th e m o st c o w ardly m an n e r th e , , ,

so ldi e r]y B u ck n e r an d th e b rav e m e n w h o h ad d e fe n d e d th e p o st I n o rd er .

to aid th e i r flight th e l att e r all o w e d F o re st to att e m pt to c u t h is w ay o u t

,

w i th h is c av al ry I n too m u ch h ast e to sav e hi m se lf F l o yd did n ot w ait fo r

.
,

all o f h is Vi rgi n i an s to g e t re ady to e sc ap e w ith h im b u t w ith a fe w o f th e m , ,

h astily c o ll e c te d h e e m b ark e d o n a st eam e r at D o v e r foll o w e d by th e c u rse s

, ,
3
an d hi sse s o f th o u san ds on th e sh o re an d fl e d to N ashvill e Pill o w sn e ak e d ,
.

aw ay in th e d ark n e ss an d in p e rfe ct safe ty at h is h o m e in C o l um bi a in , , ,

Middl e T e n n e ssee h e sat d o w n a fe w d ay s aft erw ard to w rit e a re p o rt to h is

,

i n dig n an t su p e ri o rs F o re st an d h is h orse m en ab o u t e ight h un d re d in n um

.
,

b e r al so e sc ap e d
,
T h e re is n ot in al l hi st o ry a m e an e r pic tu re of th e c on d u ct
.

o f t rait ors th an th at aff o rd e d by th e C o u n cil o f War at D o v er on S u n d ay ,

m o rn i n g th e 1 6 th of F e b ru ary 1 8 6 2
, ,
.

T h at S u n d ay m o rn i n g d aw n e d b rightly u po n th e U n i on arm y At day .

b re ak Wall ac e p re p are d to st orm th e C o n fe d e rat e i n t re n ch m e n t s an d w hil e

, ,

m aki n g di sp osi ti o n s fo r th at p u rp ose a b u gl e in th e di re cti o n o f th e fo rt ,

so u n d e d a p arl e y D im ly se en in th e m orn i n g t w ilight w as an offic er w ith

.

th e b u gl e r b e arin g a w hit e fl ag an d at th e sam e ti m e a sim il ar fl ag w as

'

, ,

see n w avi n g o v er th e fort in t o k e n o f a w illi n g n e ss to su rren d er Wall ac e

, .

i m m e di at e ly rod e to B u ck n e r s q u arte rs T h e l att er h ad p ost e d a l ett e r to ’

.

G ran t aski n g for th e app oi n t m e n t of c om m i ssi on e rs to ag re e u p on t erm s of

,

1
Sw tt
orn s a e m en s of t Cl o on e lF orest
, Maj G tav
or us us A He n r
. y Maj W
,
or . H Hay n es,
. an d Hun t er N ich ol
son, w h o w e re p re se n t a t th c e o un cil .

C o p pé e
’
s G r a n ta n d p ag 66 M s Ca mp a ign s, e .

An e pig ammati t of th day w t c c i g Fl y d cap ayi g

r s e ro e on e rn n o
’
s es e, s n

“Th thi f i a c w a d by at law e e s o r n ure s

’

Wh b t ay th S tat t i t ; o e r s e e, o no o n e s ru e

A d th b av f at F tD l aw n e r e oe or o n e so n s

T h i light fi g d F l y d w a light f t d t o e r -
n ere o s -
o oe o
220 TE R MS or S URREN DER .

ca pit ulati on an d sugg estin g an arm i st i ce u n ti l n oon Wall ac e i m m e di ate l y

,
.

se n t w ord to G ran t th at D o v e r w as su rre n d e re d an d h is t roop s w e re ,

’
in posse ssio n of th e t ow n T hi s m ad e G ran t s re ply to B u ck n e r sh ort an d
.

e xplicit He c o n sid e re d B u ck n er an d h is t roop s as si m ply re b e l s in arm s

.
,

w ith n o right to ask an y t e rm s e xc e pti n g su ch as h u m an ity re q uire d so h e ,

sa id “ N o t e rm s oth er th an u n c on diti on al an d i m m e di at e su rren d er c an b e

,
”
acc e pt e d I p rop o se to m o v e i m m e di at e ly u p on y ou r w ork s
. .

G ran t s re ply i rrit at e d th e h e lpl e ss B u ckn e r an d w ith fo lly e q u al to h is

’
, ,
“
ch ag ri n h e an sw ere d T h e di st rib u ti on of th e forc e s u n d er m y c om m an d
, , ,

i n cid en t to an u n e xp e ct e d ch an g e of c om m an d ers an d th e ov e rw h e l m i n g ,

forc e u n d er y o ur c omm an d, c om p e l m e, n o t w ith st an di n g th e b rilli an t su cc ess

C AM P D O UG S
LA .

of th e C on fe d erat e arm s y e st erd ay to acc e pt th e u n g en e rou s an d u n ch iv al ,

”
ro u s t e rm s w hich o u p ro p ose T hi w as fo ll o w e d by th e sp e e dy su rre n d e r
y s .

o f th e fo rt w ith thi rt e e n th o u san d fi v e h u n d re d m e n as p ri so n e rs o f w ar

, ,

(i n cl u di n g th e sick an d w o u n d e d
) a l arg e p ro p o rt i o n o f w h o m w e re sen t to
,

C am p D ou gl as n e ar Chic ag o al so th ree th o usan d h orse s forty e ight fi e l d

, ,
-

1
G e n era s ilgh ma w h w capt d at F t H y w
l B ck u ne r an d T n,t t F t Wa o i B t
e re ure or e nr ,
ere se n o or rre n , n o s on

Ha bor L r. ead i g U
i ts f K t cky a k d f th
n n ion s d f B ck t th ci vil auth i ti f th t
o en u s e or e surr e n er o u n er o e or es o a

St t t b t i d f t agai t a e, o e r e or re ason ns

th at c m m w alth T i pplicati o on e . re a on

wa f d a d h w a aft wa d s re use , n e s er r ex

ch a g d n e .

C am p D gl a w a am d i ou s s so n e n

h f S at D gl a d w a it on or o en or ou as, n s s u

at d l d th t h ad b l g d t h im e on an a e on e o .

I thi cam p m a y i th W t n s n o
’
e e s e rn

gi m t th t p f m d ch ig l re e n s, a e r or e su s na

vic w d i ll d I tw c v t d se r e, e re r e . as on er e

i t ap i a d ly i A p il 1 862 n o r so n , n ear n r , ,

aft th battl f Shil h i t c tai d er e e o o ,

on ne

P arson AT ou r CHAS E co u us o o fall c aptiv m t f W h m w

, n nn ,
nr .
e s. os o o e re

f m Al b m Mi i ippi a d T x as ro a a a, ss ss , n e .

T h p a ag
e f th
ss pi e o th gh th c t y t th i d ti ati g p d c d a p f d
e se r son ers ro u e ti A St
ou n r o e r es n o ro u e ro ou n se n sa on . .

Lo i j
u s al m ti d th a ival th
o u rn en f t th
on e d f th m t t am
e rr e re o en o u san o e ,
on en s e ers.

A la g mb f th capti v
r e nu at F t H y a d D l w al
er o e es t t Cam p Cha t C l m b
or s en r n on e son ere so se n o se , a o u us,
 S URREN DER or FORT D O NELS O N 221
‘

pi e c es ,
v en t een h eav y g u n s t wen ty th ou san d m u sk et s an d a g re at qu an
se , ,

ti ty of m ilit ary st o re s : O n th e fo ll o w in g day, two re gi m e n t s of T en n esse e

PLAN 0 , T HE S E G E O F FO
I RT D ON E S N L O .

t roop s th at c am e u p to re e n forc e th e g arri son in ign oran c e of th e surren der

,
-
, ,

w e re al so m ad e p ri son e rs D uri n g th e si eg e th e C on fe d e rat e s h ad l ost it .

, ,

O hi w hich w
o, m d i h f th S c t y f th T
as so n a y Th p i
e th w i th
n th t
on o r o e e re ar o e re asu r . e r so n e re as n e sou eas

c f th c m p
o rn e r o Th t g i cl e w
a b t ixt f t i h ight b ilt f tw i ch pi pl k w ith
. e s ro n n o sure as a ou s ee n ee n e ,
u o o- n ne an ,

c tl g w ll b lt d d b c d T h pict
s an in e oh w th xt i f th p i a d th g d h
e an ra e . e u re s o s e e e r or o e r son n e uar -
ou se s.

tF t D d : O f th
A p ticipa t i th
1 c ar l w t a f ll w c c i g th
n n e s e ne s a .
“ surre n ne o e
or on e son ro e s o o s on ern n e er

g a d t ight i th w h l i g d
r n es s w hich c m
s n ly c i c t y w th t i m ph ] t y i t
e o e s e e, an one o e s on on e n a e n ur , as e r u s en r n o

th F e t S d ym i g
or on Th unight f m th high t p i t i th f t c m m d i g vi w f
a orn n . e s ro e es o n n e or , o an n a e o

b th iv a d cam p w i m p i g T h w
o r er n i d gi m t aft
, as gi m t p i g i th i fl g
os n . e re ere on one s e re en e r re en ou r n n, e r a s

fl ti g gayly i th wi d ; m f th m w hich h ad b
oa n n e t d f d d th fi l d f M xic a d th w ith
n so e o e e e n re n an a e on e e s o e o. n o ers
‘
S p i gfl l d
r n m bl z d th i f l d ;
e
’
e m g ific t b a
a on e ba d p i g t th m l d i f H il C
on e r o s on e a n en r ss n our n ou . e e o es o
‘
a o

l m bi a Sta Sp gl d B a
u ,
’
Y k D d l t i ch tyl th gazi g captiv h d v h d v
r an e n n er,
’
an ee oo
”
e , e c. , n su s e as e n es a ne er ear , e en

i th pal m y d ay f p c
n e O th th w p ctacl which p a all d c ipti
so ea e . Th n w C mb e o er as a s e e su r sse s es r on . e n arro u er

l an d m d liv w ith t m
se e e F i t c m th g b at fi i g l t :th c m littl bl ck t g
a e s ea e rs. ti g rs a e e un - o s, r n sa u e s en a e e a u s, sn or n

th i ccl am ti ; a d aft th m th v t fl t f t p t p i g tv l m f bl ack m k th i b

e ra a on s n er e e as ee o ran s or s, o ur n ou o u es o s o e, e r an n ers

fl ti g gayly i th b z fi i g l t th i d k c v d w ith p pl d i g d f i g h ut i p
oa n n e ree e, r n sa u e s, e r ec s o e re eo e sen n ea e n n s o s n res on se
t th
o f m th h
ose Th c wa bl im i m p iv a d will t a ily b f g tt
ro e s ore. e s en e s su e, ress e, n no e s e or o en .
”
222 EFFEC T or THE FALL or D O NELS O N .

w as ti m at ed tw o h u n d re d an d thi rty se v en kill e d an d on e th ou san d an d

es ,
-
,

se v e n w ou n d e d Th e N ati on al l oss w as e sti m at e d at fou r h u n d re d an d forty

.

six kill e d o n e th o u san d se v e n h u n d re d an d fo rty fi v e w o u n d e d an d o n e h u n

,
-
,

d re d an d fifty p ri son ers T h e l att er h ad b e en se n t ac ro ss th e riv e r an d .

,
l
w e re n o t re c a tu re d
p
-
.

v ict ory at F ort D on e l son w as of th e gre at est im p ort an c e to th e

T he
”
N ati on al c au se an d th e o ffici al an n ou n c e m e n t o f it sp readi n g w i th sp e e d
, ,

o f light n i n g o v e r th e l an d p ro d u c e d i n t e n se jo
y in e v e ry l o y al b oso m Ci ti e s ,
.

w ere ill u m in at e d h e avy g u n s th u n d e re d fo rth N ati o n al sal u t e s ; an d e v e ry

,

w h e re th e fl ag of th e R e p u blic w as fl u n g to th e b ree z e in t ok en o f p ro fo u n d ,

sati sfacti on T h e n e w s fill e d th e c o n spi rat ors w ith d e sp ai r an d t e rri bly

.
,

d e p re sse d th e spi rit s of th e so ldi e rs of th e C on fe d e rate arm y By it E u ro p e .

w as m ad e to d o u bt th e su cc e ss o f th e re b e lli o n ; an d at so m e c ou rts it p ro
du c e d th e fi rst se ri ou s th o u ght s o f ab an d on i n g th e c au se o f th e c on spi rato rs .

I ts e ffe ct in all re l ati on s w as si m il ar to th at o f th e c apt u re of B u rg o y n e

, ,

an d h is arm y at S arat o g a in 1 7 7 7 S o p ow e rfu l w as th e i m p re ssi on th at th e , .

,

C o n fe d erat e C o m m i ssi o n e rs ab ro ad fe lt c o m p e ll e d to do all in th e i r p o w er to

b e li ttl e th e e v e n t an d by t aki n g adv an t ag e o f th e g e n e ral d e fici e n cy of
, ,

k n o w l e dg e o f A m e ri c an g e o g raphy to sati sfy th e ru li n g cl ass th at it w as o f ,

3

n o m ilit ary i m p o rt an c e w h at e v e r I n th at e ffo rt th e C o mm i ssi o n e rs fail e d . .

At R ich m o n d th e fall o f F 0 11:D on e l son c au se d e m o ti o n s o f m i n gl e d an g e r

an d di sm ay T h e l oss o f R o an ok e I sl an d a fe w d ay s b e fo re h ad g re atly
.
, ,

al arm e d an d i rri tat e d th e c o n spi rat ors ; an d n o w th e chie f o f th e C o n e de

f

R p e o rts o f G
l G a t M Cl a d Wall c a d b d i at ffi c ; a d f F l y d P ill w a d
e n e ra s r n , c ern n , a e, n su o r n e o e rs n o o ,
o ,
n

B uck n e r, an d th i b d i t A l w itt a d l tat m t t th a th by p ticipa t i th acti

e r su or n a e s. so r en n o ra s e en s o e u or ar n s n e on.

C m m a d W lk i th Ca d d t ca i d th fi t w f th vict y t C i
2 o n er a e, n e ron e , rr e e rs ne s o e or o a ro,

fr m w hich it w a t l g aph d t G
o l M C l ll by G l G g W C ll m II l l k
s e e r e o en e ra c e an e n e ra eo r e . u u ,
a ec
‘
s

fl e o
“
Chi f f S ta th at Cai ayi g : T h U i fl ag f at v D l '
enT h Ca d l t ro , s n e n on l o s o er o n e so n . e ron e e
, ,

Captai W lk b i gsth gl i i t llig c T h f t

n a d d t i e cl ck y t day
e, r n e or ous n e en e . e or s urre n e re a n n o
’
o es er

(S d y ) m i g G al B ck B h d R J h t
un a o rn n d pi a d a la g
. e n er s u ne r, us ro . o n s o n, an r so ne rs, n r e

am t f mat i al f w a th t phi f th vict y L h avy b th i d F l y d

ou n o er s o ar, re e ro es o e or . o ss e on o s es . o ,

th thi f t l aw y d e i g th ight p vi w ith

e . s o e m a d i d c d by th b l
a ur n e n re ou s en, n s eno un e e re e s

a a t ait H th
s p k f th g d c d ct f C m m d F t a d a
r o r.
"
e c d th en s o e o e oo on u o o o o re oo e , n n n o un e e

f ct th at t w ith ta d i g h i ff i g f m th w d i h i f t h w l d i m m d i t ly
a , no s n n s su er n s ro e ou n n s oo , e ou e a e

m k a atta ck C la k il l
a e i m p t t p t b t f ty m il b v H c cl d d by
n on r st
'
e , an or a n os a ou or es a o e . e on u e

ayi g W a
s w fi i g a N ti
n , al l t f m F t Ci G
e re l G a t l at p t i
no r n a on sa u e ro or a ro, e n e ra r n
’
s e os , n

h f th gl i
on or o chi v m t e or o us a e e en .
"

Th w m f St L i d i us f te tifyi g th i ad m i ati f G
e o en l Hall ck i
o . o u s, e s ro o s n e r r on o e ne ra e , n

wh D pa t m t a d by w h t p th vict i h ad b achi v d ( a d b ca
o se e r en f hi n o se roo s e se o r es een e e n e u se o s

gy i pp i g s c i i Mi
e n er i ) d d a l g t w d t b m ad by T i ffa y 6
n su re ss n e e ss o n n sso u r ,
o r e re n e e an s or o e e n 3

C f N w Y k t b p
o .
, ot d t h im i th i m T hi w a d i th p l f th
e or ,
o e re se n e o n e r na e. s s on e n e ar o r o e

Pl t H t l i St L i
an e rs th v i g f th 1 7th f Ma ch 1 862 by M H l B d d
”
o e , n . ou s, o n e e en n o e o r , ,
rs . e en u ,

wh p k i b h lf f th d o s I hi b i f
o e ply G al Hall ck a
n e d th w m f
a o e o nors. n s r e re ,
e n er e ssu re e o en o

S t L i th t i t h l d b “
. di d f
ou s f th i h appi
a th i ight a d th i h
s ou e u se n e e n se o e r n e ss, e r r s, n e r o nor
,

a d l ly i b h lf f J tic
n so e T h w ap wa a l ga t
n ichly am t d w ith
e a o us e .
”
e e on s n e e n o n e, r orn en e

cl a ical d ig s ss es n .

m u n cx s sw e ar
)
’
.

zi g t it ial xt t f th U it d Stat s i b tlittl c m p h d d i E p a d th lativ

T h e am a n e rr or e en o e n e e s u e o re en e n u ro e , n e re e

p iti f pl c m ti d i c
os on o a es cti w ith th w a enm d t b V y littl
o ne d t d v by m f n on n e on e r se e e o e er e un e rs oo ,
e en so e o

th b e t i f m d w i t a d sp k
es n or e T hi l ck f x act i f m ti
r ersl d w it A m ic
n ff i i t th ea e rs. s a o e n or a on e r e rs o n er an a a rs n o e

m t ab
os d p l ti a w ll a i bl d s A ill t ativ x am pl w a f d i th m m a y f
su r s ec u a on s s e s se r ous un er . n us r e e e s oun n e su r o

wa w f m Am ic a i th Pa i M
r ne s ro it at aber t th ti m w a c i d i g Sp ki g f th pt
n e r s on e u r, ou e e e re on s er n . ea n o e ca u re

f R a k I la d d f E lizab th City i E a t
o o no N th Ca li a “th w it
e s b v d: n ,
an o e , n s e rn or ro n . e r er o se r e

F b 1 62
d 8
e
“Th F d al a m y l a d d
, . d p c d d t wa d E lizab th Cit
e e w hich i t f
er d v c at dr n e , an ro e e e o r e y ,
o un e a u e

a d b d by th S th t p s F m th a d ta ch m t ad a c d a f a a th e
n u rn e e ou e rn roo . ro ere e en v n e s r s

T en/n essee R ive nd th cc pi th p i cipal ad b tw

r, a M m phi a d C l m b
us o Thi m v m t u es e rn ro e ee n e s n o u us . s o e en

establi h th t p f G al B i d i th a f th g t a m y f th P t mac E lizab th City

s es e roo s o en e r urn s e n e re r o e re a r o e o o .
”
e ,
on

th A tl
e tic c a t a d th T
an o s R iv t th
,
p i t i d icat d a f lly m il apa t i a i li a d
n e e n n e ssee er, a e o n n e , re u es r, n n ar n e, n

at l a t e s m il by a y ut t p s might be tak n
es n ro e roo e .
 FLO YD AN D PILLO W DIS GRACED .
223

ra es, t dig n ity as p o ss ible c om m en t e d se ri o u sly on th e i r c al am i

w ith as m u ch ,
”
ti e s in a m e ssag e to h is C on g ress O ffici al i n form ati o n h ad n o t re ach e d .

”
h im E n ou gh is k n ow n h e said
. of th e su rre n d e r o f R o an o k e I sl an d to , ,
”
m ak e u s fee l th at it w as d e e ply h u m ili ati n g O f th e di sast e r at F o rt D o n e l .

son h e said :
“ I am n ot on ly u n w ill in g b u t u n abl e to b e li e v e th at a l arge
,

arm y of o u r p e o pl e h as su rre n d ere d w i th o u t a d e sp erat e e ff o rt to c u t its w ay

th rou gh th e i n v e sti n g forc e s w h at e v e r m ay h av e b ee n th e i r n u m b ers an d to , ,

”
e n d e av or to m ak e a j u n cti on w ith oth e r divi si on s o f th e arm y A li ttl e .
l

”
l at e r in t ran sm i tti n g to h is C o n g re ss th e re p ort s of F l o yd an d Pill ow
, ,

h e said th e y w e re “ ”
i n c o m pl e t e an d u n sati sfact ory It is n ot st at ed h e said .
, ,

th at re e n forc e m en t s w ere at an y ti m e ask e d fo r ; n or is it d e m on st rat e d to

-

h av e b e e n i m p o ssibl e to h av e sav e d th e t ro op s by e v ac u ati n g th e p o siti on ;

n o r is it k n o w n by w h at m e an s it w as fo u n d p ractic abl e to w ithd raw a p art

o f th e g arri so n l e avi n g th e re m ai n d e r to su rre n d e r n or u p o n w h at au th o rity

, ;
o r p ri n cipl e o f acti o n th e se n i o r g e n e ral s ab an d on e d resp o n sibility by t ran s
”
fe rri n g th e c om m an d to a j u n i or offic e r N ot w ith st an di n g G en eral J oh n ~ .

st o n atte m pt e d to gl o ss th e c o w ardic e of F l o yd an d Pill ow D avi s in th e ,

’
,

c om m u n ic ati on w e are c o n si de ri n g said : I h av e di re ct e d u p o n th e e x h ib i , ,

ti on of th e c ase as p resen ted by th e two sen io r G en e ral s th at th e y sh o uld b e ,

re li e v e d fro m c om m an d to aw ait fu rth e r ord e rs w h en e v e r a re li abl e j u dg , ,

me n t c an b e re n d ere d o n th e m erit s o f th e c ase ”

.
3

D avi s hi m se lf it h as b e e n ch arg e d si n c e th e cl o se o f th e re b e lli o n (for

,

al l sp o k e o f h im d u ri n g th e w ar w i th b at e d b re ath ) w as c o n tin u al l v i n te r ,

fe rin g in m ilit ary aff ai rs an d w i th th e acti o n of skillfu l c o m m an d e rs m ost ,

m i schi e v o u sly .
‘

“
G e n e ral s G ran t Mc C le rn an d an d Wal l ac e i ssu e d o rd e rs c on g rat u l ati n g
, ,

th e i r vict o ri o u s t ro o p s an d G e n e ral Halle ck w h o h ad d raw n fro m G e n e ral ,

1 Ms g
J ff Davi t th C
e sa e of f d at C g ss F b 28th 1 862
e erso n s o e on e er e on re . e .
, .

G 1' l J h t ai d i a p i v t l tt t J f
e ne ra o n s on s D avi : A lth gh th c m m a d wa i g l a ly
n r a e e er o e erso n s ou e o n s rre u r

t an f d i t w a t app a tly t av i d a y j t p ibility f m

r s e rre , s no l ck f p
re n l m li t
o o n us re s o ns , or ro an y a o e rso na or o ra n re

p ldity J h t c l d t h v b aw a f th d i g a c f l c i th m i d ight c cil t Pill w q

.
”
o ns o n ou no a e ee n re o e s r e u s e ne n e n o un a o
‘
s uar

t i D v wh h w t th at ap l gy T h t m p f th C pi t i R ich m d w i
e rs n o e r. en e ro e m d t o o . e e er o e ons ra o rs n on as n no oo o

c iv
re e ap l gye T h y h ad b
an l tdby dma
oo . by Pi ll w p m t b a t f vict y d w
e ee n e a e e on e sure o
'

s re a ure o s o or ,
an no

th d i
e pp i t m t wa f c
sa o n p di g f c en s o o rre s on n or e .

J ff D vi e m ag t h i
erso n
“C g a M a ch 1 1 th 1 862
ss
‘
e ss e o s on re ss ,
”
r .

m t i ti m at ly acq ai t d w ith h i ffici l c d ct

,

8 y m ilita y xp t a d th
0 sa r e e r s, n T w ty y aose os n e u n e s o a on u . en e rs

h c “ ay a p litici f Mi i ippi wh w a f ll w w k i b lli w ith Davi i R ich m d

en e, s s o an o ss ss , o s a e o -
or er n re e on s n on ,
n o on e

will b h d t d y th at t th d i c t a d w i i t f c i g at m ilita y m v m t
e e ar o en o e th p t f
re n un se n e r e re n es n re r o e en s, o n e ar o

D vi a t b att ib t d
a s, re a ly al l th
o ep i ci pal d i a t f th w a I th g m i m g m t f th W
r u e ne r e r n s s e rs o e r. n e ross s an a e en o e ar

D pa tm
e t d th p vi i a d c t l f M D vi hi m lf m y af ly b e ch g d th c l m it
r en , un er e su e r s on n o n ro o r
. a s se ,
a s e ar e e aa o us

oc c t F t D l a d H y d at R a k I l d Wa f th R b l l i by H y S F t
c urren e s a or s o n e so n n en r , an o no e s an .
”
r o e e e on , e nr . oo e .

F 5
th i vi c i th i g f F t D l
or e r se r G es l G a t M C l a d a d W ll ac w
n e s e ech o or o n e son. e n era s r n ,
c e rn n , n a e e re e a

p m t d t M j G al f v l t
ro o e o th c m m i i
a o r- f th f m
e ne r b a i g th dat f th
o o un eers, d (F b e o ss on o e or er e r n e e o e surren er e

ru ar y 16 a d th , th tw f M a ch 2l t 1 862 n e o er o o r s , .

G t ai d ( F b y 1 7th ) aft c g at l ti g h i t p th i t i m ph v th b lli gai d

ran s e ru ar ,
er on r u a n s roo s on e r r u o er e re e on , ne

by th i v al th t f f
e r c iv ight w ith t h lt d i g th m t i cl m t w th k w i
or,
”
a or our su ces s e n s, ou s e er ur n e os n e en ea er no n n

thi l tit d th y fa d a
s a u m y i l g f c i a p iti
e, e ce ch by hi m lf T h gh t gly f tifi d by
n en e n ar e o r e. n os on ose n se . ou s ron or e

t al l th add iti al af g a d gg t d by ci c w add d With t a m m thi w a b

n a u re , e on s e u r s su es e s en e ere e . ou ur ur s s o rn e,

p p d t ll ti m t r c iv a attack a d with c ti
re are a a es o k i m i hi g by d y
e e e lti g lti m t ly i
n ,
n on n u o us s r s n a ,
resu n u a e n

f ci g th
or n my t d w ith t c d iti
e ene Th vi ct y achi v d i
o su rre n t ly g at i th ff ct it w ill
er ou on o n s. e or e e s no on re n e e e

h v i b aki g d w b lli b th c d th g at t m b f p i
a e n re n o n re e f w
on, v tak i a y battl
u as se ure e re es nu er o r son e rs o ar e er en n n e

on thi c ti t F t D l w ill h ft b ma k d i capi tal

s on nen . or th m ap f
o n e so n it d c t y a d e rea er e r e n s on e o o ur u n e ou n r , n

th em w h f ght th battl w ill liv i th m m y f a g t f l p pl

en o ou e e e n e e or o ra e u eo e.
"

M Cl d i a n id
c d (F b
e rn an y 1 sth ) ai d : Y h v c ti ally l d th w y i th V ll y f
,
n e -
or e r e ruar , s ou a e on nu e e a n e a e o

th L w
e Mi i ssippi th T
o er a d th
ss C m b la d ,Y h av ca i d th fl ag f th U i f th
e e n n e sse e , n e u er n . ou e rr e e o e n on ar er

S u th th a a y
o h l a d f c m a chi g f m th i t ri t w d th a b a d
n n ot er n o r e s, r n ro e n e or o ar e se -
o r .

B in g th fi t d ivi i t t F t H y y al p
e e rs d ths on my f m il captu i g f m h im
o e n er or e nr , ou so ursue e e ne or e s, r n ro ,
 224 T HE ARM Y MAIL SERVI CE -
.

Hun t er s Kan sas D ep artm en t ’

t s w hich h e h ad sen t som e o f th e re-e n f o r e m e n c
“
to G ran t said in a l e tt e r to h im T o y ou m ore th an to an y , , , ,

o th e r m an o u t of thi s D e p art m en t are w e i n d e bt e d f o r o u r su cc e ss ,

at F o rt D o n e l son I n m y st rait for t roop s to re e n fo rc e G en e ral .

-

G ran t I appli e d to you Y o u re sp o n d e d n obly pl aci n g y ou r fo rc e s at m y

, .
,

Th e S e c ret ari e s of War an d o f th e N avy al so i ssu e d c on gratu

”
di sp ositi on .

l atory o rd ers T h e G o v e rn m en t an d pe opl e w ere sati sfi e d th at a with e ri n g

.

b l ow h ad b e en giv en to th e re b e lli o n an d th at h en c e fo rth its p rop o rti on s ,

w ou ld b e l e ss an d its m alig n ity n ot so d an g e ro u s to th e life o f th e R ep u blic

, .

At F ort s Hen ry an d D on el son w as su cc essfu lly b e g u n th at arm y m ail

servic e w hich w as so ad m i rably o rg an iz e d an d so e ffi ci e n tly e x e c u t e d d u ri n g

th e w ar by C o l on e l A H M arkl an d I t w as su gg e st e d to G e n eral G ran t by . . .

C o l on e l M arkl an d w h o w as th e spe ci al ag e n t of th e N ati o n al Po st offi c e

,
-

D ep art m e n t It w as i m m e diat e ly ad o p te d an d w as e v e r afte rw ard w arm ly

.
,

ch e ri sh e d by th at sag aci ou s c om m an d e r ; an d to him is j ustly du e m u ch of

th e c re dit o f m aki n g it p ractic ally e ff e c tiv e in bl e ssi n g th e o ffi c e rs an d so ldi e rs
of th e arm i e s o f th e R e p u blic d uri n g th e g re at st ru ggl e T h e p e rfe cti on of .

th e sy st e m w as e xhibi te d e v e n so e arly as at th e c apt u re of F o rts He n ry an d

D on e l son an d it n e v er fail e d to giv e am pl e sati sfacti on to al l u n til th e e n d
, ,
‘
of th e w ar .

p e c u li ar arm y m ail se rvic e org an i z e d u n d e r th e au spic e s of G en e ral

T he -

G ran t w as fi n ally e xt e n d e d to al l D e p art m e n t s an d w as m an ag e d by C ol on e l ,

M arkl an d wh o w as m ad e th e g e n e ral su p e ri n t e n d e n t o f th e m ail s o f th e

,

arm i e s o f th e R e p u blic S oldi e rs in c am p o r on th e m arc h an d e v en u n d e r .

,

th e fi re o f th e e n e m y re c e iv e d l e tt e rs fro m h o m e w i th as m u ch re g u l arity as
,

if th e y h ad b ee n re sid en t s of a l arg e city T h at sy st e m w as n ot in t ro d u c e d .

i n t o th e A rm y o f th e P ot om ac w hil e Mc C l ell an c om m an d e d it O n e m u ch .

l ess p e rfe ct an d e ffi ci en t w hich h e fo u n d in o p e rati o n w as c on tin u e d T h at , ,

.

w as est abli sh e d w h e n th e t roop s u n d e r th e fi rst c all b e g an to asse m bl e aro u n d

Wash in gton in Ap ril an d May 1 8 6 1 Th e ch apl ai n of e ach reg im en t w as
V
"

.
, ,

re c og n iz e d as regi m e n t al p o st m ast e r an d h e u su ally c all e d at th e Wash -

,

in gton City P ost o ffi c e fo r th e arm y m ail Wh en th e arm y w as i n c re ase d

-
.

in h is fl ight pi c ma y f h i sta d a d a d fl ag a mb f p i
, six fi el d -
e e s,s a d a g at q a tity
n f o s n r s n s, nu er o r so n e r , n re u n o

m ilita y t r F l l wi g th
s ore s. m y t thi pl ac y w o th fi t to c t h im t i d f h i i t ch
n e en e o s e, ou ere e rs o e n oun e r ou s e o s n re n

m t e n s. an d d i v h im w ithi th m r A ft c ti g th i xpl it h ai d T h battl d i d t tifi t y

e n e .
”
e r re o u n n e r e o s, e s e e- e es es o our

V l a or a d c ta cy E v th m ag a i mity f th
n on s n m y ac . d t y a en pa d h i m a d e n n o e ene co r s o ou n u n sur s se e ro s ,
n an

en vi abl d b illi a t ha i th ha d t f ght battl a d m t d ci iv vict y v f ght a d w

e an r n s re n eth r es -
ou e n os e s e or e er ou n o n on e

A m ica c ti t T h d ath k ll f b lli i d d ; a a m y h a b a ihilat d ;

”
er n on n en . e e -
ne o re e on s so un e n r s e en nn e

a d th
n w ay t N hvill a d M m phi i
e o p d as e n e s s o en e .
”

Th1 igi a d g e l fii i y f th t s ic i tat d i th f ll wi g l tt t th a th d t d

or n n e n era e c en c o a e rv e s s e n e o o n e er o e u or, a e ,

H ad q
e t A m i f th U it d Stat Wa hi gt D 0 J ly 30th 1 866 z
-
uar ers r es o e n e e s, s n o n, u
"

—Am g th
.
, ,

DE s AR bj ct th t c pi d m y m i d w h I a m d c m m a d at C i i th fall
on e su e s a o cu e n en ss u e o n a ro , n e
o f 1 86 1 w th , gular pply f m ail t a d f m th t p ; n t ly th i g i b t th
as e re su o th s o n ro e roo s o on ose n arr so n , u o se on e

m a ch w h
r activ m v m en t h l d b gi Wh I c mm c d th m v m t P t H y
e o e e n s s ou Ja 7 e n. en o en e e o e en on or e nr , on n .
.

1 862 pl a w a p p d by w hich th mail h l d p m ptly f ll w a d a p m ptly b

, a n s ro ose t f m th a m y e s s ou ro o o , n s ro e
se n ro e r .

8 p f ct w a th
0 er e ga iz ati th at th mail w d liv d t th a m y im m h at ly p it cc p ati
s e or n on
, f e s ere e e re o e r e e u on s o u on o

th f t
e or Withi . h aft th t p b ga t m a ch i t F t D l
n on e our th m ail w a b i g d i t ib t d
er e roo s e n o r n o or on e so n , e s e n s r u e
t th m f m th m ail w ag
o e ro s Th am p mpt
e w a al w ay b v d i th a m i u d m y c m m d
on . e s e ro n e ss s so se r e n e r es n er o an ,

u p t th p i d f th fi al d i b a d m
o e er o t Iti a oc f c g at l ti th at th p tal vi c w a
e n s n en . s sour e o on r u a on e os se r e s so con
d ct d th at fii a d m w i c ta t c m m icati wi th ki d d a d f i d t h m a d w ith a
u e ,
o eers n en e re n on s n o un on n re n r en s a o e, n s
m ch g l a i ty a th m st fav
u re u d i th l a g citi f th U i n T h p t l t m f th a my fa a
r s e o ore n e r e es o e n o . e o s a sy s e o e r , so r s
I k w w no t att
, d d w ith y add iti al xp
as n o t th envic T h y t m ad pt d by m w as g
e an on e e n se o e se r e. e s s e o e e su
g t d a d ably p i t d d by A H Ma k l md p cial ag n t f th P t ffi D pa tm t
es e n su er n e n e . . r i , s e e o e os o
-
ce e r en .

R sp ctfully A e e , te ,
 THE AR MY MA IL AT WAS HIN GT O N . 225

an d fully org an iz e d th e c om m an di n g offic e r of e ach regim e n t se l e ct e d a ,

re li abl e m an fro m th e n o n c o m m i ssi o n e d offic e rs o r p riv at e s to ac t as m ail -

m esse n g e r an d th at sy st e m w as c o n ti n u e d u n til th e t roo p s w ere c all e d to

,
”
th e fi e ld in th e sp ri n g o f 1 8 6 2 T h e n th e m ail s w e re b rig ad e d pl ac e d in .
,

c an v as b ag s l ab e l e d an d add re sse d to th e b rig ad e an d forw ard e d to th e i r

, ,

d e sti n ati o n by st e am e r o r rail w ay u n d e r m ilit ary au th ority T h e Po st offic e ,

.
-

D e p artm e n t h ad n o fu rth e r c on t ro l of th e arm y m ail aft e r it l ef t th e p ost

o fii c e at Washi n gt on City
'

D u ri n g th e P e n i n su l a c am p aig n th e m ail for th e A rm y o f th e P ot om ac ,

w as fo rw ard e d from Washi n gt o n by w ay o f B alti m ore an d O ld Po i n t C om

fo rt th e Po t o m ac b e i n g bl o ck ad e d by sh o re b at te ri e s At th e sam e ti m e
,
.
,

th e t roo p s in th e Sh e n an d o ah V all e y w e re su ppli e d w ith a m ail se rvic e by

w ay o f Harp e r s F e rry th e m ail s b e i n g se n t u n d e r m ilit ary c o n t ro l to th at
’
,

pl ac e o v e r th e B al ti m o re an d O hi o rail w ay an d th ere furn i sh e d to th e

, ,

b rig ad e s w h e n c all e d fo r O w i n g to th e p e c u li ar c on diti on of affai rs in th at .

re gi o n m u ch o f th e ti m e th e re w as v e ry littl e re g u l arity in th e d e liv e ry o f

,

th e m ail s an d c o m m u n ic ati o n b e tw ee n th e arm y an d h om e w as at ti m es v e ry

,

u n c e rt ai n .

T h e m ail s fo r th e se arm i e s an d al so for th e A rm y of th e J am e s w e re al l

‘ , ,

di st rib u t e d in th e Po st o th e e at \Vashi n gt on City w h e re th e y w e re asso rt e d -

i n t o re gi m e n t s b atte ri e s an d i n d ep e n d e n t c o m m an d s R o st e rs for th e
, ,
.
,

g u id an c e o f th e p ostm ast e r at Wash i n g ton w e re fu rn i sh e d w h e n t roop s ,

ch an g e d l oc ali ti e s I n h is ofiic e b o x es w e re p re p are d an d l ab e l e d for th e

.

re sp e ctiv e regi m e n t s ; an d at o n e ti m e n o l e ss th an e ight h u n d re d re gi m e n t s

an d b att e ri e s w hich e xt e n d e d o v e r th e se ab o ard to N e w O rl e an s an d th e e n ti re

, ,

Sh e n an d oah Vall e y h ad th e m ail m att e r f or th e m th u s p rep are d fo r d istrib u

,

ti o n Aft e r b e i n g th u s so rt e d th e se m ail s w e re d e liv e re d to auth oriz e d m ili

.
,

tary ag e n t s w h o at te n d e d to th e i r t ran sm i ssi o n

,
I n thi s w ay h u n d re d s of .

th o u san d s o f l e t te rs p asse d to an d fro m th e arm y d aily

‘
.

T h e re g u l arity w i th w hich th e g re at arm i e s o f G ran t Sh e rm an T h o m as

“
, , ,

an d o th e rs in th e Te st w e r s u ppli d
e e w i th m ail s u n d e r th e g e n e ral su p e rin ,

t e n d e n c e o f C o l o n e l M arkl an d w as m arv el ou s He an d h is assi st an t s see m e d , .

to b e al m o st u bi q u i to u s N o d an g e r w as so app alli n g an d n o o b st ru c ti o n s .
,

w e re so app are n tly i n su rm o u n t abl e as to d e t e r th e se m esse n g e rs of g ood .

T h e y e n d u re d all th at th e arm y e n d u re d— p e ril s fatig u es an d p riv ati on s T h e , ,

.

m ail w as n e arly al w ay s in adv an c e o f th e arm i e s o r m o vi n g in a di re cti on to ,

m e e t th e m an d y e t C o l o n e l M arkl an d n e v e r l ost o n e by c apt u re o v e r w hich

, , ,

h e h ad p e rson al c on t ro l Wh en Sh erm an re ach e d tid e w at e r aft er h is m arch .

-
,

for th e se a th e m ail for h is arm y w as in re adi n e ss fo r di st rib u ti on

,
an d th e

l For m o n thp t m a t f Wa hi gt City i a l tt t th a th

s, sa s y Mr . S J B
. th ow en , th e os s er o s n on ,
n e er o e u o r, on e

o
’

22d i J l y 1 366 w u c iv d a d t a av ag f
, , m i li t y l tt
e re e
p d y I t i b li v d th t thi
e n se n n er e o ar e e rs er a . s e e e a s

nu mb w xc d d aft G
er as el Sh m a a m y ach d S av a h d p t th ti m f th vi w f th
ee e er e n e ra er n s
‘
r re e nna ,
an u o e e o e re e o e

t p i thi city i th m th f M y 1 8th

roo s n s n e on o a ,
"

“T ki g i t c a i d ti n c ti n o M B w “th q ons tity f m il m att c i ti g f l tt

e ra on ,
"
on n ues r . o en , e uan o a e r, on s s n o e e rs,

ne w p p s apack ag f cl thi g d th a ticl f v y c c ivabl ki d th at pa d th gh thi fii t

e rs, es o o n ,
an o er r es o e er on e e n sse rou s o ce o

a d f
n m a mi
ro it i p i i g th at f w l
ou r r cc d Al m t v y pack g
e s. s su r ch d th p
r s n t so e osse s o u rre . os e er a e re a e e erson o

w h m it w
o add d a d th f il
as f l tt t fi d th i
re sse w i, d c n f m il w a e xt m l a ure o e e rs o n e r o n ers n
‘
ue o u rse o a
’
s e re e y

a
r re I d d I thi k th a m i
. n eew , p vi d d w ith m il w ith j t b t a m ch c tai ty a p pl
n e r es i e re ro e a s us a ou s u er n s eo e are n

l g citi a d w ith b t a littl d l a

ar e e s, n a ou s e e y .

“T h ly l f a y m m
e on t th at cc d t th P t ffic D pa tm t
oss o n cc t f thi h avy m i l a
o en o urre o e os -
o e e r en , on a ou n o s e

vic w i mail b ag I t i ti m at d th t t l t thi ty th a d f th w

se r e. as n -
s . t twhich v f d
s es e a a e as r o us n o e se ere se n ou ne er o un

th i w y b ack t thi ffic alth gh v y ff t was mad by t h av e th em ret d

e r a o s o e, ou e er e or e us o urn e .
”

VO L 1 L—1 5 .
 A V O YA G E ON T HE C U M BER L AN D RIVER .

fi rst ve ss el to reach Ki n g s B ridg e on th e O g ee ch e e Riv e r w as th e m ail ’

, ,

st e am er S u b se q u e n tly w h e n Sh e rm an m arch e d th rou gh th e C aro li n as an d

.
, ,

afte r th e h ard fo u gh t b attl e o f B e n t on vill e h e m e t th e m ail fo r h is arm y on

-

th e e v en i n g o f th e day o f th at b attl e l .

T h at arm y m ail se rvic e p re se n t s to th e c on t e m pl ati on of th ose w h o c om

-

p reh en d its e xt en t an d u sefu l n e ss on e o f th e m oral w on d ers of th e g re at c on ,

fl ic t an d in its sal u t ary i n fl u e n c e an d v al u e see m s se c on d on ly to th e S an it ary

C om m i ssi o n o r th e Ch ri sti an C om m i ssi on It k e pt e n ti re arm i e s in c o n ti n u al .

c om m u n i on as far as p o ssibl e w ith h om e an d ki n d re d— a ci rc u m st an c e o f

, ,

i n c alc u l abl e b e n e fit to th e so ldi e r an d th e se rvic e It p re v e n t e d th at t e rribl e .

h om e sickn e ss w ith w hich raw t ro op s are often p rost rat e d It al so e x e rci se d

-
.

th e aff e cti on s an d in a re m ark abl e d e g re e b ro u ght th e sw e e t i n fl u e n c e s o f

, , ,

th e d om e stic ci rcl e to b e ar m ost p o w e rfu lly in st re n gth en i n g th e m e n ag ai n st

th e m u ltifo rm t e m pt ati on s o f th e c am p an d th e y e arn i n g s fo r fam ily j o y s ,

w hich so oft en se d u c e th e l e ss fav ore d soldi e r to d e se rt ; w hil e c ou rag e an d

p at ri o ti sm w e re c on ti n u ally sti m u l at e d by h e roic w ord s from p ati e n t an d
l ovi n g o n e s at h om e .

T h e w rit e r vi sit e d th e th e at er o f e v e n t s re c ord e d in thi s ch apt e r e arl y in ,

May 1 8 6 6 He l e ft N ashvill e in th e st e am e r Ty ron e t o ward th e ev e n i n g

,
.
,

o f th e 5 th M ost of h is fe ll o w p asse n g e rs as far as Cl ark svill e sixt y m il e s

.
-

, ,

d ow n th e C um b e rl an d R iv e r c o n si st e d o f ab ou t tw o h u n d re d c ol o re d ,

so ldi ers w h o h ad j u st b e en p aid o ff an d di sch arg e d from th e se rvic e

,
Th e .

fe w w hit e p asse n g e rs o n b oard an d th e offi c e rs an d c re w o f th e T y r on e w h o , ,

w e re m ostly se c e ssi on i st s w e re g re atly re li e v e d w h e n th e se so ldi e rs d e b ark e d ,

at m id n ight fo r th e fe arfu l m assac re o f n e g roe s at M e m phi s h ad j u st

,

o cc u rre d an d th e y did n o t k n o w w h at m ight b e th e t e m p e r of th e se t roo p s

,

o n th at acc o u n t T h e y w e re in d re ad o f p e rso n al d an g e r
. B u t th e re w as .

n o o cc asi o n fo r al arm T h e p re p arati o n s m ad e fo r su rre n d e ri n g th e st e am e r

.

to th e so ldi e rs o n de m an d an d taki n g th e w o m e n an d child re n ash o re in th e

, ,

y aw l b o at as w e ll as th e m ore b e llig e re n t o n e fo r givi n g th e n e g ro e s a

-

sh o w e r o f h o t w at e r fro m th e b o il e r in th e e v e n t o f an u p ri s i n g w e re q u it e , ,

u n n e c e ssary T h e w rit e r w h o m i n gl e d am o n g an d c on v e rse d w ith m an y o f

.
,

th e so ldi e rs n e v e r saw a m ore o rd e rly an d w e ll —

,
di sp ose d c om p an y o f m e n ,

j ust l oose d fro m m ili tary di scipli n e th an th e y T h e re w as o n ly o n e in to x i ,

.

c ate d m an am o n g th e m T h e y w e re to o fu ll of jo y to thi n k o f m i schi ef . .

T h e sh o re s o f th e C u m b e rl an d reso u n d e d w i th th e i r so n g s an d l au gh te r fo r ,

1 Le tt er to th e au th or by G
g t 20 1 866 I a l tt t C l l M a kl a d w itt i e n era l M kl a d ar n ,
Au us , . n e er o o on e r n ,
r en n

Ma 1 865 G
y . al ,
H wa de n er : F m th a a y a th A my f th T o ha b am r say s or ore n e r e r o e e n n e sse e s e en c

p i i g i th i t i
a gn n f th S
n th St t a g at p ti f th ti m f p at d fr m d p t f ppli
e n er o r o e o u e rn a e s, re or on o e e ar se ar e o e o so su es,

a d c
n ct d w ith h m d f i d ly by l g a d c tai li f ail d th at w a f th m t pa t
on n e e o e an r en s on a on n u n er n ne o r ro a , s, or e os r ,

o v w k d t ppl p
er or e m vi g ff w ith t b
o su li yf c mm icati th a my ly t ch d
ro v isi on s, o r, o n o ou ase o r nes o o un on, e r on ou e

at p i t t al w y p vi
o n s no ly d ig at d D i g l l thi ti m f m Ch tta ga t Atl ta f m A tl t t
a s re ou s es n e . ur n a s e, ro a n oo o an , ro an a o .

S av ah a d i th h m w d cam p ai c th C li y m y d a C l l h av c iv d th w a m t
an n , n n e o e ar g n a ro ss e aro n as, ou, e r o on e , e re e e e r es

th k f m fli a d m f y i t t
an s ro o ce rs g a d if m cc i b i gi g t th m th m ail ft
n en or o ur n e re s , e n er y ,
n un or su e ss n r n n o e e o en

i mm f m cc m l ti f w a d i g i t p m ptly by a by l a d f d i t ib ti
e n se ro a u u a on , D i g th c m p ig
or r n ro ,
se or n ,
or s r u on . ur n e a a n

o f f m
o th ag i t A tl ta th m il w a c iv d w ith g at g l ity O th i3th D c m b th v y
ur on s a ns an . e a s re e e re re u ar . n e e e e r, e er

d y a c mm ic ti w a O p d
our o th O g
un ch R iv w ith A dm i l D hlg
a on fl t th m il b at with
s ene on e ee ee er ra a re n s
‘
ee ,
e a -
o ,

y p ou r l ch g w th fi t t p a th b t cti a d g t th A m y f th T
e rso n a ar e, as e Wh rs o ss e o s ru ons n re e e r o e e n n e ssee . e n ou r

ar my a i v d t G ld b
rr egh h avi g b m chi g 500 m il with t c m m i cati i t f d l tt f m
a o s o ro u . n e n ar n es ou o un on, o un e ers ro

h m i w iti g d y w th t w lc m
o e n a n ,
anag i F m thi ti m till w l ft R l igh
ou e re t f Wa h e re o e o e us a n . ro s e e e a e , e n rou e or s

i l l m ail m att
n c re u, a wa g l a l c iv d a d y till p vi d d f er w hil th arm y was
s re cam p d i
u r y re e e , n ou s ro e or u s e e en e n

s ight f th capital
o e .
”

G al Sh ma in a l tt to G e al M kl d b i m il a t ti m y
en e r er n, e er n er ar an , ore s r es on .
 v rsrr T O F O RT D O NEL S ON . 227

th e y w ere all h appy in th e th ou ght of m on e y in th e i r p o ck ets an d th e greet ,

i n g s o f fri e n d s at h om e .

T h e Ty r on e l ay at Cl ark svill e u n til d aylight w h en th e w rit e r h ad th e ,

o pp o rt u n ity to m ak e a sk e tch o f F o rt B ru c e an d its vici n ity e v e n ts at w hich ,

w ill b e c on sid e re d p re se n tly We l eft th e re w hil e b re akfast in g ; an d n e arly .

-

al l o f th at b e au tifu l da w e w e re v o y agi n g o n th at w i n di n g an d pic tu re sq u e

y
riv e r w h ose b o so m an d sh o re s h av e b ee n m ad e hi st o ric al by g re at e v e n t s .
,

At ab o u t tw o o cl o ck in th e aft e rn oon w e p asse d th e ru i n s o f th e C u m b e rl an d

’

I ro n Work s an d at th ree o cl o ck w e l an d e d at th e sit e o f D o v e r T h e li ttl e

,
’
.

v ill ag e w ith its ch u rch c o u rt h ou se an d al m o st o n e h u n d re d d w e lli n g s an d

, ,
-

st ores w h e n F o rt D on e l so n w as b u ilt h ad di sapp e are d T h e p u blic b u ild

1
, ,
.

i n g s an d m o st o f th e p riv ate on e s h ad b ee n l aid in ash e s d u ri n g th e w ar an d ,

o n ly a f e w dil apid at e d st ru c tu re s re m ai n e d .

At C ool e y s t av e rn n e ar th e l an di n g pl ac e (in w hich G e n e ral T ilgh m an

’
,
-

h ad q u art ere d ) th e w ri te r w as i n t ro d u c e d to C apt ai n J am es P F l o o d th e

,
.
,

c om m an d e r of th e fam ou s F l oo d s S e c on d Illi n oi s B att e ry w h o p e rform e d ’

,

g all an t se rvic e at D o v e r in re p e lli n g an att ack by th e c av al ry of F o re st an d

,

Wh e e le r He h ad settl e d th ere as a l aw y e r an d w as fam ili ar w ith e v ery

.
,

foo t o f th e b attl e g ro u n d He ki n dl y off e re d to acc om p an y th e w rit e r to th e

-
.

p o in t s o f i n t e re st in c o n n e cti on w ith th e b attl e an d t oo k h im to th e h o u se ,

o f G M St e w art n e ar th e fo rt an o ld an d l e adi n g ci tiz e n o f St e w art C o u n ty

. .
, , ,

w h o h ad b e e n faithfu l to th e o l d fl ag an d h ad su ff e re d m u ch fo r its sak e ,

d u ri n g th e w ar Mr S te w art an d h is so n (w h o h ad b e e n in th e U n i on
. .

se rvic e
) k in dly o ff e re d to
g o o v e r th e fi e ld o f c o n flic t w i th u s H e fur .

n ish e d saddl e h o rs e s fo r th e w h o l e c o m p an y
-
an d at t w ilight w e h ad ,

t rav e rse d th e e n ti re li n e o f w o rk s in fron t of w hich th e divi si o n s of Mc C l e r ,

n an d an d Wall ac e fo u ght an d vi s it e d th e h e ad q u art e rs o f G e n e ral G ran t ,

-
.

N e ar Mc C le rn an d s e x tre m e right in Hy sm ith s o l d fi e ld w e fo u n d th e

’
,
’
,

g rav e y ard of th e I l lin o i s t roo p s d e li n e ate d o n p ag e 2 1 7 l Ve fo ll o w e d th e

- '
,
.

li n e s to w ard th e c e n t e r in th e i r d e vi o u s w av th rou gh th e w o o d s an d cl e ar ,

i n g s c o v e re d w i th sp ro u ti n g oak s an d c am e to th e b u rial pl ac e of th e d e ad ,
-

o f th e El e v e n th Illi n o i s R e gi m e n t sim il ar i n app e aran c e to th e o th e r an d , ,

h avi n g a bo ard in th e c en t e r w i th th e n am es of th e kill e d u p on it Ev e ry .

w h e re th e t ree s w e re te rribly sc arre d by b u ll e t s an d c an n o n sh o t an d sh e ll ,

-
,

givi n g e vid e n c e of th e se v e rity o f th e b attl e All th rou gh th e se w ood s an d .

o p e n i n g s w e fo u n d th e d e tach e d li n e s o f th e C o n fe d e rat e i n t re n ch m en ts h alf

,

c on c e al e d by th e al re ady ran k g ro w th of g rass an d b u sh es sh ou ld e r high , ,

an d bl ackb e rry sh ru b s an d vi n e s th en w hit e w ith bl o sso m s N at u re w as ,

.

rapidly hidin g from vie w th e se e vid e n c e s o f m an s i n i q u ity

’
.

G ran t s h e ad q u art e rs as w e h av e ob serv e d w e re at th e h ou se of Mrs

’
-
, ,
.

C ri sp a sh ort di st an c e from th e ro ad l e adi n g from D o v e r to F o rt He n ry

,
.

Mrs C ri sp a st o u t ki n d h e art e d g oo d n at u re d ol d l ady w as still th e re

.
, ,
-

,
-
, ,

an d re fre sh e d u s w i th a d rau ght of th e fi n e st sp ri n g w at e r Sh e did .

n ot app ro v e o f N ati o n al t roo p s in g en e ral b u t h ad m ost pl e asan t re c o ll e c ,

ti on s of G e n e ral G ran t an d h is st aff S h e c o m m i tt e d to o u r k e e pi n g ki n d .

hi f t wa
T s or s so n am e di h n on o r o f An d re w J cka so n l
D o ne so n , th e adop wd son o f Pre si d en t J ack son ,
an d

w h at th at ti m w a
o e s oc c pyi g th
u n e Herm itag e,
”
a fe w m il f es rom N ashvill e . He warm ly p
e s ouse d th e cau se

of th c pi ators
e on s r .
228 VIEW A T roar D O N ELS O N .

c om pli m en t s to th e G e n eral an d th en at al m ost sun se t w e b ad e h er fare w e l l , , ,

an d g all o p e d b ack t o w ard D o v e r div ergi n g to th e l eft to vi sit F ort D o n e l

,

son an d sk e tch th e sc en e o f th e b attl e o n th e riv e r b e t w e en th e arm e d

,

v esse l s an d th e w at er b att e ri es T h e su n w as j ust se tti n g b e hi n d som e thi n

-
.

cl ou d s w h en w e arriv ed th ere an d it w as soon too d ark to all ow th e u se o f ,

th e p e n cil S o w e rod e to D o v e r su pp e d w ith Mr St e w art an d l o dg ed at

.
,
.
,

C ool ey s ’
.

IVish in g to t ak e p assag e o n th e fi rst st e am e r th at sh o u ld p ass u p th e

C u m b e rl an d th e n e xt m orn i n g th e w rit e r arose at d aw n and fou n d Mr , , .

S te w art as p re vi ou sly arran g e d re ady w ith tw o saddl e h o rse s to vi sit th e

, , ,
-
,

fo rt l Ve b re akfaste d b e fore su n ri se an d th e n ro d e o v e r th e li n e s of th e
.
,

f am ou s stron gh o ld on w hich th e C o n fe d e rat es h ad sp e n t so m u c h l ab o r an d ,

pl ac e d so m u ch d e p e n d e n c e T h e se too w e re h alf hidd e n by sh ru bb ery an d .

, ,

vi n e s an d in th e c ou rse o f a v e ry fe w y e ars it w ill b e di ffi c u lt to t race th e

,

t “w

v uw A T roar n o x n asox . ‘

ou tli n e s of th e se fo rtific ati o n s B e t w e e n th e se an d D o v e r w e v i sit e d a .

,

st ro n g w o rk o n a c o m man di n g e m i n e n c e b u ilt by th e N ati o n al t roo p s u n d e r

,

th e di re cti on of C apt ai n F l o o d an d o th e rs b u t w hich w as n e v e r m ad e u se o f , .

F ro m th e hill ov e rl oo ki n g th e w at er b att e ri es I m ad e th e acc o m p an yi n g

sk e tch an d h ad j u st fi n i sh e d it w h e n a st e am e r c am e in si ht b e l o w at th e
, g ,
’
p o i n t w h e re F oo te s arm ore d v esse l s ran g e d in a li n e assail e d th e C o n fe de , ,

rate w o rk s R e m o un ti n g o u r h orses w e h u rri e d b ack to D ov e r re achi n g

.
, ,

1 T hi s is al ki g d w th iv i w hich th m ai s f th pp w at b tt y a
vi ew oo n o n e r er, i n e re n o e u er er a er re se e n n th e
f g
o re ro u n d I th d i ta c
. n th l ft
e a “
s h l i
n e, o na t am b at i th
o e ep m, b hi d w hich
ne r e l s se e n s e , s e ro o n to ry e n th e
Car o n d e l tl y w hil b m b a d i g th C
e a e f d at w k
o r th 1 3th
n Th f t l
e th
on et p f h hill e r e or s on e e o r ay o n e o o t e on th e
e xt
re m e l ft A c
e . th im i ro ssth sh t w hich Pill w
e r -
cap d h h t l t f th f t
r s seen e ore o o es e a en e s o e ou o e or .
 RET URN TO NAS HV ILLE . 229

th e re j u st as th e s eam er t w as m oo re d at th e
g rav e lly b an k It w as th e .

.Em m a F l oy d on e of th e m ost ag ree abl e b oat s on th e C u m b e rl an d an d w ith

, ,

its i n t e llig en t pil ot s J oh n an d O liv e r Kirkp at rick an d th e i r w iv es an d chil

, ,

dre n th e w rit er sp e n t m ost of th e day in th e pil o t h o u se li st e n i n g to th e

,
-

st o ri e s o f th e adv e n t u re s of th e se m e n w hil e th e y w e re ac t i n g as pil ot s in th e

fl ee t s of F arragu t an d Port e r d u ri n g th ose m arv e l ou s e xp edit i on s o n th e
,

Missi ssippi its t rib u t ari e s an d its m y st eri ou s b ay ou s c arri e d o n in c on n e c

, , ,

ti on w ith th e arm i e s of G ran t an d B an k s After a d e lightfu l v oy ag e of .

t w en ty fou r h o u rs w e arri v e d at N ashvill e w h e re th e w rit er w as j o i n e d by

-
, ,

h is form er t rav e li n g c o m p an i o n s M e ssrs D ree r an d G re bl e of Phil ad e lphi a

,
.
, ,

w ith w h o m h e afterw ard j o u rn e y e d fo r six w e e k s u p on th e p ath w ay s an d

b attl e fi e l ds of th e g re at arm i es in T e n n e sse e G e o rgi a an d Vi rgi n i a
-
, ,
.

T h e asp e ct o f N ashvill e an d e sp e ci ally its su rrou n di n g s h ad m at e ri all y

, ,

ch an g e d si n c e th e au th or w as th e re in 1 8 6 1 T h e st orm of w ar h ad s w e pt .

T h e city it se lf h ad n o t
'

o v e r th e c o u n t ry in its vici n i ty w ith fe arfu l e fl e c t .

su fl e re d b o m b ard m e n t e t at ti m e s it h ad b een in i m m i n e n t d an g e r o f su ch
'

y ,

c al am ity ; fi rst on th e app ro ach o f th e forc e s o f G ran t an d B u e ll an d after ,

w ard w h e n it w as h e ld by th e N ati o n al t ro op s an d w as th re at e n e d by th e
C on fe d e rat e s T h e hill s h ad b e en st ripp e d of th e i r fore st s pl e asu re g ro u n d s
.
,
-

h ad b e en ro bb e d o f th e i r sh ad e t ree s an d pl ac e s o f pl e asan t re so rt h ad b een

-
,

s c arre d by t re n ch e s o r di sfig u re d by b re ast w ork s B u ildi n g s h ad b e en .

sh att e re d by sh o t an d sh e ll o r l aid in ru i n s by fi re
; an d at e v ery app ro ach
to th e city w e re p o p ul o u s c e m e t e ri e s o f so ldi e rs w h o h ad fall e n in d e fe n se
o f th e i r c o u n try .

I n th e C apit o l we re store s of c o rre sp on d e n c e an d o th er p ape rs c apt u re d

from Pill o w an d h is fe ll o w t rait o rs an d th e se w e re pl ac e d at th e di sp o sal of
-
,

th e au th o r w h o al so h ad th e g o o d fo rt u n e to m e e t in N ashvill e G e n e ral
,

E w e ll on e o f th e m o st e sti m abl e o f th e C o n fe d e ra t e s w h o t ook u p arm s

,

ag ai n st th e G o v e rn m e n t as a m an an d as a m ilit ary l e ad e r
,
He ki n dly al .

l o w e d h im to m ak e ab st ract s o f h is l at e r re p o rt s in m an u sc ript c o n c e rn i n g , ,

Op e rati o n s in th e Sh e n an d oah V all e y in w hich h e an d St on e w all J ack ,

”
s on w e re asso ci ate d an d al so fu rn i sh e d h im w ith i n form ati on re l ativ e to
,

th e e v ac u ati o n o f Rich m o n d an d th e d e st ru cti o n o f a g re at p orti on o f it

,

by fi re im m e di at e ly su cc ee di n g th at e v e n t w h e n E w e ll w as in c omm an d ,

o f th e p ost . T h at su bj e ct w ill b e c on sid e re d h e re afte r .

230 AD VAN CE O N B O WLI N G GREEN .

C HA P T ER IX .

E VE NT S AT N A S HVILL E , C O LU M B U S , NE W M AD R I D , I LAN D
S N UM B ER T EN , AN D
PE A R ID GE .

HEN F o rt D on e l son fe ll , K e n t u cky

Mi ssouri an d al l an d ,

of n orth e rn an d m i ddl e T en n essee w e re l ost to th e C o n

fe d e rat es an d th e m ore S o u th ern St at e s w h ose i n h abit

, ,

an t s e xp e ct e d to h av e th e b attl e s fo r th e i r d e fe n se

fou ght i n th e b ord e r Sl av e l ab or St at e s w ere e xp ose d -

,

to th e i n ro ad s o f th e N ati on al ar mi e s .

T h e t e rro r i n spi re d al l al o n g th e C on fe d erat e li n e

by th e fall o f P o rt He n ry an d th e forw ard m o v em e n t ,

o f G e n e ral Mitch e l of B u e ll s arm y from h is c am p at

’
, ,

B ac on s C re ek ac ross th e G ree n R iv er at M um fo rd s
’
,

v ill e t oward B o w li n g G ree n si m u lt an e o usly w ith G ran t s i n v e st m e n t o f

, ,
’

“
F o rt D o n e l so n c ause d th at li n e w hich see m e d so st ron g al m o st
, ,

to i n vi n cibili ty a fe w w e e k s b e fo re to c ru m bl e i n t o frag m e n t s ,

an d su dd en ly d i sappe ar as a m ist G en e ral J oh n st on cl e arly .

p erc e iv ed th at b oth B o w li n g G ree n an d C o l um b u s w e re n ow u n t en abl e an d ,

th at th e salv ati o n o f h is t roo p s at e ach re q u i re d th e im m e di at e e v ac u ati o n

of th e se p ost s He i ssu e d o rd e rs acc ordin gly an d w h e n Mitch e l h av i n g
.
, ,

m arch e d forty tw o m il e s in thi rty tw o h o u rs re ach e d th e n orth e rn b an k of

- -
,

th e B arre n Riv er on w h ose so u th e rn b o rd e r B ow li n g G re en st oo d th e m ai n

‘
, ,
’
b o dy of J o h n st o n s
t roo p s se v e n or e igh t ,

th o u san d st ron g h ad ,

l e ft it an d fl e d so u th
w ard Mitch e l fo u n d .

th e b ridg e s on th at
st re am all d est ro y e d ;

an d w h en on th e sam e ,

n ight C o l on e l T u rchi n ,

c rosse d it b e l ow th e
vill ag e w ith h is b ri ,

g ad e th e h e av en s w ere ,
B OW N G 0 m m u LIm 11
v ou u o rn n
-
ill um i n at e d b y x s
th e
'
x x.

fl am e s of th e b u rn in g rail w ay st ati on h ou se and C on fe d erat e st ore s in th e -

,

1
Bow li n g G ree n is abou t 74 m il e s from Nashvill e , an d c t i d a littl l tha
on a n e i h abi ta t w h
e ess n n n s en

th e w ar b k
ro e o ut . A ro u n d it are n u m e ro us littl hill e s or k b no w hich th
s,
”
i g t pl a t d b att i s
on e n sur e n s n e er e

an d ma d e th e p tv y t
os er s ro n g . O ur litl pi t e h w i u re s o s th app a a c
e f B w li n g G
e r n e o n in th e vici ity
o f ree ,
n o
th e ra w ail y tati s on, on th e day afte r th vac ati n
e e u o .
 PANI C I N NAS HVILLE .
231

cen er of th e
t t ow n T h ese h ad bee n fi re d by T e x as R an g ers l eft be hi n d for .
,

th e p urpo se an d w h o w ere th e n j u st m o vi n g o ff o n a rail w ay t ra i n Mitch e l s ’

.
,

t roo p s w e re e xh au st e d by th e i r forc e d m arch in th e k e e n frosty air an d th e ,

l abo r of re m o vi n g t re e s from th e ro ad s w hich th e C on fe d e rat es h ad c ut d o w n ;

an d th e w at e r in th e st re am bein g too high to fo rd h is arm y did n o t c ro ss ,
.

u n til th e n e xt da w h e n th e y foun d B o w li n g G re e n to b e al m ost b arre n o f

y ,

S po il s Half a m illi on d oll ars w orth of p ro p e rty h ad b e e n d e st ro y e d an d

.
’
,

o n ly a b rass 6 p o u n d e r an d c om m i ssary st ore s v al u e d at fi v e th o u san d d o ll ar

-

,
s
,

re m a in e d Th e C on f e d e rat e s h ad al so rem o v e d d u ri n g th e p re c edin g fou r

.
,

day s a l arg e q u an tity of p rovi si on s an d st o re s to N ashvill e

, .

I m m in en t d an g er n ow i m p e n d e d o v e r N ashvill e J o h n st on as w e h av e .
,

seen h ad d e cl are d th at h e fo u ght fo r th at ci ty at F o rt D o n e l so n

,
Wh en th e .

l att e r fe ll N ashv ill e w as d oom ed an d its di sl o y al i n h abi tan t s w ere p al e w ith

, ,

t e rro r .

O n th e day o f th e su rre n d er th e i n te l l ig e n c e of th e sad e v en t re ach e d th e ,

city j ust as th e pe o pl e w e re c o m fo rtably se at e d in th e ch u rch es for it w as ,

e
th e Ch ri sti an S abb ath Pill o w s foo li sh b oast an d di sp atch fo u n d e d u p on it .
’ '

h ad all ay e d all fe ars ; n ow th e se w e re aw ak e n e d w ith te n fo ld i n te n sity T h e -

.

ch u rch e s w e re i n st an tly e mpti e d an d each citiz e n see m e d to h av e n o oth e r ,

th ou gh t b ut fo r pe rso n al safe ty ‘
T h at th e t o w n w ou ld b e sp ee dily o cc u pi e d .

by th e G o v e rn m e n t t roop s n o on e d o u bt e d G ran t s vig or h ad b ee n t e st e d , .

’
.

It h ad b ee n o b se r e d th at h e did n ot sto p w h e n a vic tory w as g ai n ed b u t v

p u sh e d fo rw ard to re ap in full 31 1 o f its adv an t ag es So th e y g av e u p all as .

l o st T h e p u blic st ore s w ere th ro wn w id e Op e n an d e v e ryb o dy w as all o w e d

.
,

to c arr y o ii p ro vi si on s an d cl o thi n g w i th o u t hi n d ran c e

'

T h e p an ic am on g th e S e c e ssi on i st s w as fe arfu l G ov ern or Harri s th e .

,

w o rst c ri m in al o f th e m al l w as c razy w i th al arm He ro d e th ro u gh th e , .

st ree t s w i th h is h o rs e at fu ll s pe e d c ryi n g o u t th at th e p ap e rs in th e c apit al ,

m u st b e re m o v e d ‘
He w e ll k n e w w h at e vid e n c e o f h is tre ason w as am on g
.

th e m He an d h is g u ilty l e gi sl atu re g ath e re d as m an y o f th e archiv e s as

.

“
po ssibl e an d fl e d by rail w ay to M e m phi s w hil e th e o flice rs o f b an k s b e ar
, , ,

S ee hi b a t had ass d th cit iz th at all w a af th at th y f lt app h i

pag e 21 6 . T s f o s so ure e en s s s e, e e no re en s on s o

evil I d d th y
. n i d lg d i j ici g v th vict y f h C f d at at F t D l
ee , e h ad n F thi
u e n re o n s o er e or o t e on e er es or on e so n . or s

reaso th a t n, d i g w th t w ach d th m w a m ap palli g

e s o un n ne s a no re e e s ore n .

Th d i pat h w a h ad d i l a g l tt
e s—E am m l G
c s U s l i O un vs ro w
e e n r e e e rs xu v n sr
'
e - t on xou R ES Lr
‘
-
no n o

n to ax n r s rr aaix o r u m n an al l—A co x r u rs v rcr o av

'
ll
“A n
th q k y P ll d (l
e ar c l d t h v h ck d th city m
ua e ,
”
sa s T h c g g ti o at ar .
“ ou no a e s o e e ore . e on re a on s

th ch ch
e wur b k p i c f i a d d i m ay ; w m a d chil d
es ere ro en uh d i t th t t s ili g
n o n u s on n s o en n re n ru s e n o e s ree ,
s a n

with t ; t k w
erro r th w f m th t y wi d w i th h a t f th fugi ti v a d th
ru n s e re ro d n ro re e-s or n o s n e s e o e e s, n ou sa n s

ha t d t l av th i b a tif l city i th m i d t f th m t di t i g c
s en e o e e e r f t
e c f i
u ud n e s o e os s ress n s en e s o e rror, o n us on, an

pl un d i g b th m b
er n y e o .
”

T h pa ic f th p pl w a
e nat al T h y h ad b
o d c iv d a d m i l d by fal t ach i th i m i d t
e eo e s n ur . e e en e e e n s e , se e e rs n er s ,

i t th b l i f th at th p pl
n o e f th
e N th w
e h l t avag Am eg th t ch w h h ul d b h l d
eo e o e or e re a s e s. on e se ea ers, o s o e e

re sp ibl f m ch f th ff i g i fl ict d by th w a w a W E Wa d a cl gy ma w h i h i pap

on s e or u o e su er n s n e e r. s . . r ,
er n o, n s e r,

cal l d 77m Ba
e f P a p bli h d at N hvill
n n er o h ad j t ai d :
“W h av f lt t
e c e, c w hav b u s e as e, us s e e e oo se ure , e e ee n

too bli d t th c q c f F d al cc s If th y cc d w hall pl d i lt t ld a d y g

n o e o n se uen e o e er su es . e su ee ,
e s see un er, n su o o n o un ,

mal a d f m al m d f i c t l a f lav a d ca i g th m t d i v a d i lt th i ma t '

e n e e, ur e r o n n o e n s, re e se o s es, n us n e o r e n n su e r s ers

a d mi t
n i th m t m i al
s resse s vic th la d l ai d wa t h s b d ba k a d p i vat c ff
n e os en se r e s. e n s e, ou se u rn e ,
n s n r e o e rs

r bbe d
o tt a d v
, y v al abl tak aw ay b f
co o n n y a d a b tal d k
e er ldi y t d l
u p e en e o re ou r e e s, n ru ,
ru n e n so er urn e oose u on

us . Wh w t t thi ? If y u d t b li v y w ill i t ; l k atMi

o an s o se e i s o o no e e e, ou see oo ssour .
”

N a hvill c r p d t f th R i h m d D i p atch F b 1 7 1 862

s e or e s on en o e c on s ,
e .
, .

At M m phi th i 9th G ve Ha i i d a p clamati i w hich h d pl d th l f F t

s, o n e , o e rn o r rr s ssue ro on , n e e ore e oss o or

D l
o ne son, a d th da that th at d th api tal a d t l d th p pl th at h c f th T
n e n g er w t re e ne e c n o e eo e en e or en n e ssee as o

be om th battl d i d i w hich h i habita t w l d h w t th w l d th t th y w w thy t b —w at

,

c e e e- e n er n n s ou s o o e or a e e re or o e e

th y had s l m ly d cla d th m lv t b
e o e fr m
n H e c d d i c a d th m by th
re e se es o e ee en .
”
e en o urag e ,
or s o ur g e e e

announ ce m en t that h w l d tak th fi l d at th i h ad ; a d th i t gi d ph

e ou h t i d t a th m e e e e r e n en n ur rase s e r e o rou se e
 DES TRU CT I O N OF THE TENNESSEE IRO N WORKS .

in g y sp e ci e from th e v au lt s an d citiz en s e n c um b ere d w ith th ei r m ost

aw a ,

v al u able eff e ct s th at w e re p o rt abl e c row d e d th e st ati on s of th e rail w ay s ,

l e adi n g to D e c at u r an d to Ch att an oog a E v e ry v e hicl e w as b ro u ght i n t o .

req u i siti on an d h ack h ire w as rai se d to t w en ty fi v e d o ll ars an h ou r

,
T hi s
- -
.

fearf ul p an ic w as i n c rease d w h e n a p orti on of th e t ro op s flyi n g from B o w l ,

in g G re e n c am e ru shi n g i n t o th e city ac ro ss th e rail w ay an d th e S u sp en si on

,

b ridg es an d a rum or sp read ov er th e t o w n th at th e vict o rs at F ort D on e l son

,

w ere m akin g th e i r w ay rapidly u p th e C um b e rl an d .

T h e ru m or w as t ru e O n th e e v e n in g o f th e day aft e r th e su rre n d er of .

“
F ort D on e l son C omm od ore F oot e se n t th e S t L ou is u p th e ,
.

C u m b erl an d to th e T e n n essee I ron Work s six or se v en m il e s

F b 16
d e .
,
,
1 862 .

ab o v e D o v er T h e se b e l on g e d in p art to J o h n B e ll th e c an di .
, , ,

d at e of th e C o n stit u ti on al Un i on Party fo r Pre sid e n t in w h o as , ,

w e h av e ob serv e d h ad e arly e sp o u se d th e c au se o f th e c on spi rat ors},

T h e re
app e are d to b e su ffici e n t e vid en c e o f th e se w o rk s h avi n g bee n e m pl o y e d in

th e i n t e re st o f th e re b e lli on to w arran t th e ir d est ru cti o n an d th e y w ere l aid ,

in ash e s N othi n g re m ain e d of th e m w h e n th e w rit e r p asse d by th e sp o t

.
,

in th e sp ri n g o f 1 86 6 b u t th ree t all chi m n e y s ru i n e d m achi n e ry an d h e ap s , , ,

o f b rick .

O n th e 1 9 th th e c om m od ore w ith th e gu n b o at s Ca iro Li e u t e n an t c o m

, ,
-
,
-

m an din g B ry an t an d C on estoga Li e u t e n an t c o m m an di n g Ph e lp s asc e n d e d

, ,
-
,

r oar B UC E
R A ND 1 rs v mxs u v ‘ .

th e iv e r to Cl ark e svill e (a city o n its right b an k of ab ou t tw o th ou san d

r ,

i n h abit an t s b e fore th e w ar an d th e c apit al of M on tg o m e ry C o u n ty ) w it h , ,

th e i n t e n ti o n o f att acki n g an u n fi n i sh e d fo rt th e re w hich th e C o n fe d e rat e s ,

to i t th U i a m i s H h ad h ai d i a m ag t th L gi l at
re s s e n on r th 20th
e g iz d a d p t i t
. e e s , n ess e o e e s ure on e , o r an e n u n o

th fi l d i c May 1 86 1 f th C f d at
e e s n e vice fi fty i,gi m t f i fa t y
, f c av l y
or l v e on e er e se r ,
-
n ne re en s o n n r , on e o a r . e e en

cav al y batta li a d v t w ty i d p d t m p i m tly f a till y “ F ift th a d f th

r o n s, n o er en n e en en co an es, os o r er . een o us n o e se

roo s, e s
“
t p h ai d h ad b a m d by th C f d at G v m t a d t a m th mai n d h call df th
ee n r e
“ e on e er e o e rn en ,
”
n o r e re er e e or e
,

spo ti g g
r n f th citiz
un s
”
o e e ns .

S 1 pag 80 v l m I
ee e , o u e .

S 9 pag 8 74 v l m I
ee e ,
o u e .

T h Nati al t
e p c m pl t d th w k a d am ed it F t B c i h
on roo f th l y al C l
s o l B c e e e or n n or ru e, n o n or o e o o one ru e,

of N a hvi ll s Th g avi g h w it it ati at th b d f th C m b l d ab t half a mil b l w

e . e en r n s o s s s u on e en o e u e r an , ou e e o

Cia k il l
r sv I t c m m a d d th
e . iv p a d d w T h m th f th R d R iv i
o n e at th c t f th e r er u n o n. e ou o e e er s se e n e en er o e

pict a a t
ure , n e r h O th C l k ll l i d f th at t m w
s o re m all
o u se d bt call d th M d F t i t
. n e ar s v e s e o s rea as a s re ou . e e u or ,

bi ge n fl w da d c v
o ve r o d w ith d i m t at hi g h w at T hi k t h wa mad by th w it f m th d ck
e n o e re se en e r. s s e c s e e r er ro e e
of th Emm a F l y d w hil lyi g at Cl a k vill
e l ki g d w th i v
o , e n r s e, oo n o n e r er .
 FL I G HT or C O NFEDERATES FRO M NASHVILLE .
233
'

w e re ct in g on th e h igh b l ufl at th e m ou th of th e R e d R iv e r a sm all
e re ,

st re am th at e n t ers th e C u m b e rl an d j u st b e l o w th e t o w n T h e g arri son .

,

st artl e d by th e g e n e ral p an ic fl e d an d in d e fi an c e o f th e w i sh e s an d re m on , , ,

stran c e s o f th e ci tiz e ns o f Cl ark e svill e se t fi re to th e fi n e rail w ay b ridg e ,

th at sp an n e d th e riv er at th at pl ac e C o l on e l We b st er G ran t s chi e f o f .

,
’

an d Li e u t en an t Ph e lp s i m m e di at e ly w e n t ash o re an d h o i st e d th e
’

stafl , ,

N ati on al fl ag o v e r th e fort T wo thi rd s of th e t errifi e d citiz e n s of Cl ark e s .

-

vill e h ad fl e d w h en F oo t e arri v e d At th e su gg e sti on of th e l at e v e n e rabl e .

C av e J o h n son an d on e or tw o oth e rs h e p ro cl ai m e d fu ll p rot e cti on to al l

, ,

p e ac e abl e citizen s at th e sam e ti m e w arn i n g th e m n ot to di spl ay an y se ce s

,

si o n fl ag s o r o th e r e vid e n c e o f re be lli o u s fe e li n g .

G e n eral S m ith w ith th e adv an c e of th e N ati on al arm y m arch e d u p to

, ,

Cl ark e svill e an d t o o k c om m an d th e re ; w hil e F oo t e re t u rn e d to C ai ro for

m o re gu n b oat s fo r th e p u rp o se of att acki n g N ashvill e
-
,
I n th e m e an ti m e .

G en e ral J o h n st on an d h is fo rce s fro m B ow li n g G re en h ad c on ti n u e d th e i r

flight sou th ward as far as M u rfreesb o ro t w e n ty fi ve m il e s o n th e w ay ,
-

t o w ard Ch att an oog a l e avi n g G e n e ral F l oyd th e fu gitiv e from F ort D o n e l

,
‘
,

so n w ith a f e w t ro op s to se cu re th e i m m en se am o u n t o f st ore s an d p ro vi si on s
,

in N ashvill e Pill ow th e oth er fu gitiv e fro m F o rt D on e l son an d Hard ee

.
, , ,

w h o h ad c om e d ow n from B o w li n g G ree n w e re di re ct e d to assi st F l o yd in ,

th e b u si n ess T h e assign m e n t to th e p e ril ou s d u ty of re m ai n i n g n eare st th e

.

d re ad e d N ati o n al s se e m e d l ik e p u n i sh m e n t in flict e d o n F l o yd an d Pill o w by

J o h n st on fo r th e i r c o w ardic e If so it w as su cc e ssfu l ; ye t it w as i nj uri o u s .
,

to th e C o n fe d e rat e c au se fo r th e se m e n u n w illi n g to ri sk th e i r p e rson s ag ai n

, , ,

su fl e re d t e rribly fro m fe ar an d c o u n se l e d flight as b e fo re F l o yd

'

, ,
.
,

o n h e ari n g th at F oo t e s gu n b o at s w e re c o m in g g av e o rd e rs o n
’
-

M on d ay fo r th e C o n f e d e rat e st o res to b e th ro wn o pe n to th e p u blic ;

‘

tw o st e am p ack e ts -

w hich w e re be i n g
ch an g e d i n to gun
b o at s to b e b u rn e d
,

an d th e tw o b ridg e s

at N ashvill e to b e

d est ro y e d Ag ain st .

th e l ast ac t th e citi

z e n s m ost v e h e m en t
l y p ro t e st e d an d it ,

w as p o stp o n e d u n til
T u esd ay n ight w h e n ,

th e y w ere b oth b u rn
’
e d by F l o yd s o rd er ;

an d h e an d Pill o w

li te rally sc am p ered
aw ay so u th w ard by
N S HV E m ES A I LL A N D IT S BB G

pp d by th C f d at that th Nati l w l d p h t w d E a t T
I t was su o se e on e a d it
er es e on a s ou us on o ar s e n n esse e , n

wa f s th p
or p f c f
e ti g ch m v m t that J h t t k p i ti at M f b
u r ose o on ro n n su o e en o n s on oo os on ur rc e s ono.

T h wi
2
p i b i d g w a b tif l t ct a d c t ab t
e re su s e n s on - r A l g p ti
e asf th e e au u s ru u re, n os ou ar e or on o

t ck b l g d t th lai G al Z lli fl
s o e on e o dw th chi f
e s l ia c f
n pp t f h i pha d d ght
e n er o co
‘
e r, an as e e re n e or su or . o s or ne au e rs.

B t Fl y d a d Pill w w i h d t p t a g lf b t w
u o n th m lv a d th Nati al that th y m ight ave
o s e o u u e een e se es n e on s, e s

th i wn w thl p rso ; a d so th clai m f pha s an d th p ay e f citi

e r o or ess e ns w n f av ail e s o or n e r rs o ze n s ere o no .
234 S URREN DER or NAS HVILLE .

of ro op s th at re m ai n e d l on g e st in N ash
c on fl a
l
th e light g th e t ratio n . The c

’
vill e w e re F ore st s c av al ry l e d by th at b rav e c ap tai n ,
.

D u ri n g th e rem ai n d e r o f th e w e ek N ashvill e w as th e th e at e r of th e ,

w ild e st an archy an d n e ith e r p u blic n or p riv at e p ro p e rty w as safe fo r an

,

h ou r Happily for th e w e ll di sp ose d i n h abit an t s C o l o n e l K e n n er of th e

.
-

, ,

F ou rth O hio c av al r y o f Mi tch e l s divi si o n e n t e re d th e city on Su n d ay

,
’
,

e v en i n g th e 2 3d an d e n d e av o re d to re st o re o rd e r
, ,
He w as im m e di at e ly .

’
fo ll ow e d by th e re m ai n d e r o f h is c o m m an d e r s forc e w h o e n c am p e d at E dg e ,

fi eld o pp osit e N ash vill e an d th e re aw ait e d th e arriv al of G en e ral B u e ll

, ,
.

T h at ofli c er c am e on th e 25 th an d on th e sam e m o rn i n g th e Con es toga ,

arriv e d fro m Cl ark e svill e as a c o n v o y to t ran sp o rt s b e ari n g a c o n sid e rabl e

,

b ody of t roop s u n d er G e n eral N e l son T h e se h ad n ot b een Opp ose d in

,
.

th e i r p assag e u p th e r iv e r fo r th e o n ly b at te ry o n its b an k s b e t w e e n th e tw o
,

citi es w as F ort Z ol l ic ofl e r o n a bl u ff fo u r er fi v e m il es b e l o w N ashvill e

'

, , ,

w hich w as u n fi n i sh e d an d w as th e n ab an d o n e d T h e ci tiz e n s o f N ashvill e

,
.
,

b e li e vi n g G e n eral J oh n st on w o u ld m ak e a st an d th ere h ad c om m e n c e d thi s ,

fort o n th e sou th or l eft b an k o f th e C u m b e rl an d an d w e re m u ch i n c e n se d ,

by its su dd e n ab an d on m e n t .

Pu rsu an t to p re vi ou s arran g e m e n t th e m ay o r o f N ashv ill e (R B Ch e at , . .

h am ) an d a sm all d e l e g ati o n o f ci tiz e n s c ro sse d o v e r to B u e ll s q u art e rs at

’

“
Edge fi e l d an d th e re m ad e a fo rm al su rre n d e r o f th e city
,
G en .

e ral B u e ll at o n c e i ssu e d an o rd e r c o n g rat u l ati n g th e t roop s

“th at it h ad b e e n th e i r p riv il e g e to re st o re th e N ati o n al b an n er
to th e C apit o l o f T e n n e sse e
”
He e xp re sse d a b e li e f th at th e h e art s o f a
.
9

g reat er p orti o n of th e p eopl e o f th at S tate w o u ld b e rej o ic e d by th e fact ;

an d h e assu re d th e in

h abi tan t s th at th e
right s of p e rso n an d

p ro p e rty sh ou ld b e
respe ct e d O n th e .

foll o w in g day G e n ,

e ral G ran t an d st aff

arriv e d an d h e an d ,

G e n eral B u e ll h e ld a
c o n su lt ati on ab o u t

fu tu re m o v e m en t s .

C o l o n e l St an l e y Mat
th e w s of th e F ifty ,

fi rst O hi o V o l u n t eers ,

w as app o i n t e d P ro
v o st M arsh al an d o r
C P O
-

M K A IT L AT N AS L ,

de r w as sp ee dily re

1 A g t p ti
rea e r or on of th e ca n n on at Nashvill e w e re s pik d e ,
an d man y of th em w ere pl ac d p e u on th e

b id g b f th y w fi d a d w h
r es e ore e e re re ,
n en th ese p ihd
er s e in th e fl am e s, th e ca n non w en t to th eb tt m o o of th e
C m b la d
u er n .

3Th Capi t l f th St t f T
e o o e a e o en n e sse e is ki d i th U it d Stat I ti i th
on e of th e i f n es t of its n n e n e es . s n e

c t f f u ac f g d i th m i d
e n er o o r re s o rou n n e s t f th city a
o w
e a b ill th at i
, n 19 ? f t ab v th C m b l a d
d c ro ns r se s ee o e e u er n

R iv er.It i c m p d f f il t d li m
s o o se o oss a e t
e s one, tk f mq i a en th city
ro d it t l i f th m
uarr e s n e ar e ,
an s s y e s o e o st

b a tif l f th G ci a d w ith f
e u u o e re n o r e rs, o ur p tic w h c l m a 33 f t i h ight I t i a p a ll l g m
or o e s, o se o u ns re ee n e . s ar e o ra

i f m 1 40 by 270 f t i
n or , iz a d i ee n s e, n s surro un d d by a t ac 1 7 f t i w i d th a d i i h ight T h pi acl
e err e ee n n s x n e . e nn e
 EX PEDITI O N A G A I N ST C OLU M BU S .
235

s ore d
t R ailroad c on n ection w ith L ouisv ill e w as soon Open ed, an d th e
.

in h abit an t s w e re i n vit e d to re su m e th e i r av oc ati on s .

T h e c apt u re o f N ash v ill e th e flight of th e G o v ern or an d L e gi sl at u re of ,

T e n n e sse e from th e St at e c apit al an d th e virt u al di sso l u ti on of civil g o v ern ,

m e n t in th at C o mm o n w e alth im po se d u po n th e N ati on al au th oriti e s th e d u ty ,

o f p ro vidi n g a su b stit u t e for th e pe o pl e It w as resolv e d to app oi n t a m ili .

t ary g o v e rn o r to ad m in i st e r th e p u blic aff ai rs of th e St at e u n d e r m arti al

l aw ; an d A n d re w J o h n son fo rm e rly a chi e f m agi st rat e o f th at C o m m o n ,

w e al th an d th e n o n e o f its re p resen t ativ e s in th e U n it e d St at e s S en at e w as

, ,
“
appo i n te d to th at resp o n sibl e p o siti o n w ith th e m ilit ary ran k of ,

B rigadi e r G e n e ral l
He re ach e d N ashvill e o n th e 1 2th o f M arch
-
.
,

an d in a sp e e ch to th e citiz e n s asse m bl e d th at e v e nin g h e

, ,

p ro m i se d fri en d ship an d p rot e cti on to th e l o y al an d g av e th e m to u n de r ,

st an d
“ ”
th at in t e llig en t an d c on sci o u s t re ason in high pl ac e s w o uld b e
p u n i sh e d .

A n o th e r bl oo dl e ss vict ory soo n foll o w e d th e c apt u re of N ashvill e Six .

d ay s aft e r th e fo rm al surre n d er o f th at city G en e ral Hall e ck t e l e g raph e d to ,

G en e ral Mc C lell an from St L ou i s ‘

C ol u m b u s th e Gib ralt ar of 5 M ch 4 .
, ,

th e We st is o u rs an d K e n t u cky is fre e th an k s to th e b rilli an t

ar .

, , ,

st rat e gy o f th e c am p aig n b y w hich th e e n e m y s c e nt er w as pi e rc e d at F o rt s

’

He n ry an d D o n e l so n h is w in gs i so l ate d from e ach o th e r an d t u rn e d com ~

, ,

p e ll in g th u s th e e vac u ati on o f his stro n gh old o f B o w li n g G ree n fi rst an d n ow ,

”
C ol u m b u s .

Th e h ist o ry o f th e l att e r e v e n t m ay b e t o ld in fe w w o rd s Wh en it w as .

”
e vi d e n t to th e c o n spi rat ors at R ich m o n d th at th e Gib ral tar w as u n t e n abl e ,

th e ao c all e d Se c re t ary o f War in st ru ct e d P o lk th ro u gh B e au re g ard

-
“ to , ,
”
e v ac u ate C o l u m b u s an d se l e ct a d e fe n siv e po si ti o n b e l o w ,
Po lk ch ose th at .

se cti o n o f th e Missi ssippi an d its sh ore s w hich e m b rac e s I sl an d N u m b e r T e n ,

th e m ai n l an d in M ad rid B e n d o n th e K e n t u cky sh o re an d N e w M ad rid ,

.

D e fe n siv e w o rk s h ad b e e n th ro w n u p at th e tw o l att e r pl ac e s d u ri n g th e
p re c e di n g au tu m n an d n e w m e asu res w e re i m m e di at e ly t ak en for st ron gly
,

fort ifyi n g I sl an d N um b e r T e n .

S o e arly as th e 25 th of F e b ru ary P olk o rd e re d th e re m ov al of th e s ick ,

from C o l u m b u s as a p re p arat o ry st e p t o w ard th e e v ac u ati on of th at p o st an d

, ,

assig n e d th e c o m m an d of th e riv e r d e fe n se s at th e p ositi on ch o sen to G e n e ral

I P Mc C o w n w h ose divi si o n w as ord e re d thi th er on th e 27 th T h e

. .
,
.

re m ain d e r o f th e t ro o p s e xc e pti n g th e c av al ry l e ft C o l u m b u s on th e l st of
, ,

M arch G e n e ral St u art s b rig ade w e n t by st e am er to N e w M ad rid an d th e

.
’
,

re m ai n d er m arch e d by l an d to U n i on City in T e n n e ssee u n d e r G e n eral

’
, ,

Ch e ath am T h e re m o v al of sp e ci al articl es of v al u e to J ack son T en n e ssee

.
, ,

of its c plu o ag d I c m plia c w ith th q t f M St ickl d it a chit ct h i

is 200 f tfee rom th e ro un . n o n e e re u es o r. r an ,
s r e ,
s

rem i a i cl d i it w all w ith p p i c i pti

a ns re n ose th t i d ; d th t i m p i g pil h b c m
n s s, a ro er ns r on o n e ou s e an so a os n e as e o e

hi m s m t T h c t f th b il d i g w a v
on u en . T h p p lati
e os f N a hvill
o et th ti m
u w n s o er e o u on o s e, a e e e are

c id i w a b t
on s er n g , l s a ou so u s .

I littl k tch i
n ou r a cabi i f t f th Capit l I t wa
e s e d by th a chi t ct d i th cti
s se e n n n ron o e o . s u se e r e s ur n g
' e e re on

of th g at b il d i g a d i it G v
e re H i wa livi g i t i aid i a v y f gal ma
u n n n wh h w o ern or arr s s n ,
s s ,
n er ru n n e r, en e as

summ d t fl y f m Na hvill
on e o ro s e .

S pag 226 l m I
1 ee e , y o u e .

T hi i at th i t
2 cti f th Na hvill a d N th w t a d th M bil a d O hi R ail w ay ; th
s s e n e rse on o e s e n or es e rn n e o e n o s e

f m l ad i g di ctly t Hickma
or er e n th Mi i ippi Ri
re o n , on e ss ss v er .
236 CAP T URE or C O LUMB U S .

h ad b e en acc om pli sh e d at th at ti m e T hen th e cav al ry set fi re to th e m ilit ary .

b u ildin g s of th e p ost an d acc om p an i e d by Po lk an d h is st aff , ,

0 M ch ar
fo ll o w e d th e re ti rin g c o l u m n s at th ree o cl ock in th e aft e r noon
, ’

1 862 .
,

of th e
In th e m ean t im e p re p arati on s h ad b e en m ad e to c apt u re C o l u m b u s, w ith
its t roo p s an d m u n iti on s o f w ar Wh en F oot e ret u rn e d to C ai ro from .

Cl arkesvill e , h e c o ll e ct e d a fl o till a of six gu n b oat s, c om m an d e d re sp e ctiv e l y -

by C apt ai n s D avi s, Walk e , an d S te m b e l , an d Li e u t en an t s c omm an di n g Pau l -

di n g , T h om p son , an d Shirk ; fou r m ort ar b o at s, u nd e r th e g en e ral c om m an d

'

o f Li e u t e n an t c o m m an di n g Ph e lp s, assi st e d by Li e u t en an t F o rd of th e O rd
-
,

n an c e C o rp s, an d C apt a in G e o rg e J o h n so n , o f C in ci n n ati
; an d th re e t ran s
p ort s T h e l att e r b ore a sm all l an d forc e of li ttl e m o re th an tw o th o usan d
.

m e n } c o m m an d e d by B rig adi e r G e n e ral W T Sh e rm an (w h o w as in c om -

. .

m an d at Pad u c ah ) ac c o m p an i e d by G en e ral C u ll u m o f Hall e ck s st aff ,

Th e
’

“
.
,

b
fl otill a l e ft C ai ro b e fo re d aylight on th e m o rn i n g o f th e 4th an d ,

at su n ri se w as in sight Of th e fo rtifi e d b l u fi s at C o l u m b u s P re p a
'

rati on s w e re m ad e fo r att ack { u m o r h ad d e cl are d th at th e fo rt h ad b een .

e v ac u at e d It w as c au ti o u sly app roach e d e v e n aft e r a farm e r a p ro fe sse dly

.
, ,

U n i on m an h ad assu re d th e c om m od o re th at th e t ro o p s h ad fl e d At l e n gth
,
.

th e N ati on al fl ag w as di m ly se e n w avi n g o v e r th e C o n fe d e rat e w o rk s It .

m ight b e a t rick C o l on e l B u ford an d a d e tach m e n t o f th e T w e n tv se v en th

.
-

Illi n o i s w e re l an d e d to re c o n n o it e r T h e y w e re so o n cl am b e rin g u p th e st ee p .

bl u ffs w i th sh o ut s of t ri u m ph T ro op s w e re in th e fo rt ific ati on s b u t th e y .

,

w e re fri e n d s A d etach m e n t o f th e S e c on d Ill in oi s c av al ry u n d e r Li e u t e n an t

.
,

Ho gg tw o h u n d re d an d fi fty st ro n g w h o h ad b een se n t ou t as sc o u t s from

, ,

Pad u c ah h ad e n t e re d th e pl ac e at fi v e o cl ock th e day b e fo re an d h o i st e d

,
’
,

th e St ars an d S trip es o v e r th e m ai n w o rk o f th at st ro n gh o ld
‘
T h e y fo u n d .

‘
th e t o w n d e se rt e d by n e arly al l o f its di sl o y al i n h abi tan ts T h e re w as e v i .

”
d en c e of g reat h ast e in th e e v ac u ati on c on sid e ri n g say s G e n e ral C u ll u m , , ,

th e q u an titi e s o f ord n an c e an d o rd n an c e st o re s an d n u m b e r o f an ch o rs an d , ,
‘
5
th e rem n an t of th e ch ain w hich w as o n c e st re tch e d o v e r th e riv e r an d a l arg e ,

l R e port of Maj or Ge n
l L i d a P lk t C l l Th ma J da M ch 1 8th 1 862 I fi d ay ai d
- e ra eo n s o o o on e o s or n. ar . . n ve s,
”
s

P lk i h i p t w m v d th ac m l ati f i m th t k i g w ith
o , n s re or ,
e re ll c mm i a y a d q t
o e e cu u on o s x on s, a n us a ou r o ss r n uar e r

ma t t — am t ffici t t pply m y w h l c m ma d f ight m th :al l

s e r s ore s eu o un su p wd en d th o su o e o n or e on s ou r o e r an o er

amm iti a d d a c t
un on ( xc pti g a f w h t
n or d g m i g ) a d v y h a vy g
n n e s o re s i th e f t e n e s o , an un - n a es , n e er e un n e or .

T w 82 po d i a m t t w k w th ly v al bl g l ft T h w ith m m l l
-
o un e rs n re o e ou w
or ere e on ua e u ns e .
"
e se , so e s a e r o n e s, ere

s pik d “T h w h l m b f pi c f a till y c m p i i g
e . e o e nu a m am t h c ti d waer o h d d
e es o r er o r s n o ur r en ,
e on n ue , s on e un re

a d fi fty
n G al C ll m p t c t a d ict th t f P lk c i g th m v l f a ly all th at w a
.
”
e n er u u
’
s re or on r s a o o C on ern n e re o a o ne r s

v al abl f a la g q a tity f d a
u e, or d d ac t
r e h ay wa f
u n d th o or n n ce an or n n e s o re s, e s s, s o un ere .

Th w c m p d f C l l B f d T w ty v th I lli i a d a b ttali ach f th F if ty f th

e se ere o ose o o one u or
‘

s en -
se en n o s, n a on e o e -
o ur

a dS v
n ty f th O hi a d F ifty fi fth I lli i gi m t c m ma d d by M aj A d w d S w y
e en -
o ur o, n -
n o s re e n s, o n e o rs n re s an a er .

R p t f C mm d e or F t t th S c ta y f th N avy Ma ch 4 1 862 ; al f G al C ll m t
o o o ore oo e o e e re r o e ,
r , so o en er u u o

G al M Cl lla
e n er th am c day e n . on e s e .

G al P lk i h i p t ay T h
e n er o m y cav al y th fi t f h i f c
,
n s r t a i v af t
e
or th, v ac ti
s s, e en e
’
s r ,
e rs o s or e s o rr e er e e ua o n,

a h d C l mb s i t
re c e h aft o u f th xt d y [ Ma ch tw ty f h
u n e aft th la t f
e rn oon o t p had e ne a r en o
o ur o u rs er e s o our roo s

l ft
e .
”

A c r esp
4 d t f th Ci i a ti G d a w h ac m pa i d C m m d F t m ti d M
o r on en o e nc n n ou o co n e o o ore oo e, en on e rs.

Sh a p wif f th
r e, m ay f C l mb
e o a th ly w ma h m tw ith i h i am bl th gh th t wn
e ex -
or o o u us,
”
s e on o n e e n s r es rou e o .

Sh ai d h had t ck
e s p f s eth U i ca w hil th
s u i i t th t d t p ll h h
u or d we H n on u se e e secess on s s re a e n e o u er o u se o n. er

h ba d h aid had b “f cibly ca i d ff by th be l

us n . s e s ,
S tic f Sha pe l tt t G al
ee n or rr e o e re s.
” -
ee no e o r
'

s e er o e ne r

Pill w t 1 pag 7 2
o , no e , e .

T hi w a
5 c t i va c f G
s l Pill w d lik m t f h i m ilita y p ati
s a on r n w a a fail
e o I tw a
e n era o , an , e os o s r o er o n s, s ure . s

a h g afi ai
u e t tchi g d w f m th bl fi i t th Missi ippi wi th its Mi ssou i h
r, s re n o n d l roa d th e u
’
s n o e ss ,
r s one en oose, n e

m t f itlyi g at th b t t m f th
os o iv
n e o o o e r er.
 MINES A N D T OR P ED OES AT C OLU MB U S .

su pply of t orp e d oes re m ain in g D e so l ation w as vi sibl e e v ery w h ere —h u t s .

‘
,

t e n t s an d b arric ad e s p re se n ti n g b u t th e i r bl ack en e d rem ai n s

,
”
A n u m b er .

o f h e avy can n o n h ad b een S pik e d an d roll e d o ff th e bl u ff i n t o th e riv e r .

A t rai n on fi re c on n e ct e d w ith b oth e n d s of a m ag azi n e w as c u t an d safe ty

, , ,

w as soon se c u re d A g arri son of a littl e o v er tw o th o u san d m en i n cl u di n g

.
,

fou r h u n d re d c av alry w as l e ftto h o ld th e post

“
.
,

To h av e o b se rv e d th at Po lk an d h is c o n fe d e rat es on re ti ri n g from C o ,

l u m bu s t ook p o si ti on on th e Mi ssi ssippi sh ore s an d I sl an d N um be r T en

,
-

xsu x n m ore m .
’

be l o w N e w M ad rid .
,
on M issou ri sid e o f th e riv e r to w hich m an y of th e
th e ,
8

t roop s w e n t h ad b e e n ,
m u ch stre n gth e n e d by J c fli T h o m p so n w h o h ad oc cu ,
‘

pi e d it fo r som e ti m e ,
an d h ad st ron g m ilit ary w orks th e re o n e o f w hich w as ,

h t pd T ese f m i dabl a d h d m b th t fi th i th iv by th
or e oe s w e re n u m e ro us an d or e, n , a en e en ere o re o se n e r e r, e

e e l ct ical b tt i
r th h th m ight h v b m ch d amag d t F t fl tilla ha d it g
a er e s o n e s ore . e re a a e ee n u e on e o oo e s
’
o ,
o ne n e r .

Th a d i f al m achi f d i m i i th b l fl t e se, n n e rn n e s,
”
o un n ne s n e u
‘

,
a

t t d th g at d g t w hich th N ati l f c w l d h v es e e re an er o e ona or e s ou a e

b xp d i a a a lt p th C f d at w k w hi h ee n e ose n n ss u u on e on e er e or s, c

w f im m t gth f m th w at t th tabl l a d b v e re o e n se s ren ro e er o e e- n a o e.

I th b l fi a th g a d b tt j ab v C l m b a aV n e u
’
ne r e r n a ei r o e o u us c e rn

wa d i c v d i w hich w f d l ct ic l machi havi g a s s o e re ,

n ere oun e e r a n e s, n

c cti by wi w ith p tabl mi i v al d i cti onne on re s or e n es n se er re o n s,

a a g d a t d t y t p th at so rr n e s o e s ro roo s

m ight b gath d ab v th m e e re o e e .

Th mi w i a k m ese n es e re ro n c s s, so e

thi g f a p a h ap ab t th n o e r s e, o u re e

T o n p om f t i h ight with a i
n ap ee n e , n ro n c ,

fa t d w ith ight scr w I ch s en e e e s. n ea

wa a 4 ps ~ d sh ll w ith g ap a d ca i t h t
ou n e
“
, d d by ab t tw r e n n s er s o , surro un e ou o

b h l f c a p w d w t a y w it
us e s o o rse O th b tt m of ach ca k w a
o er,
”
ro e m “ a c um
n e e- n e ss . n e o o e s s u ss . v u .

a w d b t w hich a d t i g th p w d w f t d i s l at d w i
oo en o x, o , n en e r n e o e r, e re as e n e
'

n u e re s,

con n ecti g w ith th l ct i cal machi i th cav

n S v al th cav
e e e r w f d w ith th se m achi
n es n e e rn . e er o er e rn s e re o un e n es

c cti g w ith m i t th n m b it wa pp d f a ly
onn e n n e s, h d d T h t p d f d i th iv
o e u e r, s su o se , o ne r on e un re . e or e oe s o un n e r er

a d n th onh w p i t d cyli de s b t th f t i l gth c tai i g fl ity i x y p d f p wd

ore ere o n e n e rs, a o u ree ee n en , on n n or s t o un s o o e r,

w hich w t b ig it d by l ct icity
as o Th l ct i cal machi w v y m ch lik th
e n e e e r d i t l g ph . e e e r ne s e re er u e o se u se n e e ra

o ffic s e .

T hi w a th app aran c s f I la d N m b
s T e t th y e f th a th fr m a Mi i ippi t am i
e o s n u er e n, o e e e o e u o r, o ss ss s e er n

A p il 1 866
r I t li
, i a sh a p b. d f th Mi i ippi ab t 40 m il b l w C l m b a d withi th li m it f
es n r en o e ss ss , ou es e o o u us, n n e s o

K t cky
en u .

) l w M ad i d i th capital f N w Mad i d C
’ c r ty Mi s a 79 m il b l w Cai a d 947 mil ab
s e o e r o un , s o es e o ro, n es o

N w O l a
e by th w i d i g iv
r e ns I la d N m b
. T ei ab t t m il ab v it T h i l a d i th Mi i
n n r er . s n u er en s ou en es o e . e s n s n e ss s

s ip i fr m th m th of th O h i R iv d w wa d are d i ti g i h d by m b thi a it am i mpli

n . o e ou e o er o n r , s n u s e nu e rs, s, s s n e e s,

b i g th t th
e n e en . S pag 68 ee e .
238 BEA U REG AR D AND HI S C A LL FO R B E LLS .

c alled F ort T h om p son The p ost w as n o w in ch arge of Gene ral G antt o f .

‘
,

A rk an sas The t ow n w as at the j un cti on of a b ay o u an d the Mi ssi ssippi at

.
,

a sh arp t ur n o f th at s t re am an d w as n at u rally an e ligible p o siti o n to repel ,

an e n emy app ro aching by w ate r fro m ab o ve o r bel o w In additi o n to it s ,

.

l and d e fe n se s it w as n ow g u arded by a fl o till a of six gu n b oat s c arrying fro m

,
-

fo u r to eight he avy g u n s e ach which h ad b e en sent u p fro m N ew O rle an s , ,

"
un de r the c omm and o f the inc o mpete n t H o llin s The c ou nt ry aro u n d N e w
M ad rid being fl at an d the w ate r i n the rive r at the time we are c o n side ring , , ,

ve ry high th e c an n on o f the fl otill a c o mm and e d the l and app roache s to the

,

t o wn for a l on g di st ance Th i s p ost alth ou gh ab o u t a th ou sand mile s aw ay .

,

from N ew O rle an s w as with I sl and N u mbe r T en a few mil e s ab ove reg ard e d , , , ,

as the key to the l o w e r Mi ss i ssippi an d the met ro p o lit an city on its b ank s , ,

an d th e re fo re an obj e ct o f g re at imp o rt ance to b o th p artie s .

When the g arri so n at N ew M ad rid w as re enfo rc e d fro m C o l u mb u s it -

w as pl aced u nd e r the ch arge o f Gene ral Mc C ow n whil e the t roo p s o n I sl and ,

3
N u mbe r Ten we re c o mm anded by Ge n e ral Be au reg ard Th e se o ffi ce rs h ad .

s c arc e ly e st abli shed thei r q u art e rs at th e i r re sp e ctive p o st s wh e n the y ,

we re di st u rbed by th e th u nd e r o f the U n i o n t roop s w h o we re b e nt u p on th e ,

re dempti o n of th e n avig ati o n o f the Mi ssi ssippi fro m the c o nt ro l of

reb e l c ann o n an d ve ssel s It w as c o n fide n tly e xpect e d at R ichm o nd h o w .
,

eve r th at at thi s g re at bend in th e riv e r th e y might say to the N ati o n al

, , ,

Thi w a a i l ba ti d w k m ti g f t h av y g a d it at d b t h lf a m il b l w
s s n rre g u ar s one or ou n n o u r ee n e u n s, n s u e a ou a e e o

th i m i l a b t m ll w k t th pp
.

N w M d id
e Th w a r . e re d f th t w m
as an o ti g v h vy
er s r, u s a er or a e u er en o e o n, oun n se en ea

g un s B t w th m w
. e c ti ee n li f i t ch m t d d f iv w k
e as a on n uo us ne o n re n e n s an e en s e or s .

S p g 1 14
9 ee a e .

B a g d wh h d j t b
3 e u re app i t d t t
ar , h c mm a d f th
o D p t m t f Mi i ippi w i
a us e en o n e o e o n o e e ar en o ss ss as n

i mm d i at c mm d f th t p a d th p p ty at J ck
,

e e o an oT ft th v c ti f C l m b ;
e roo s, n e ro er a son , e n n e ssee, a er e e a ua on o o u us

an d i ,
pi d by a pp l f m th O d a c D pa t m t at
ns re n a ea h th i d lg d i h i f v i t
ro e r n n e e r en e e re n u e n s a or e

a m m t f i i g
use en ti o d H t f th
ssu n dat d th 8th f M h add d “T th P l t
se n sa on or e rs e se n or on e e e o arc ,
re sse o e an ers

o f th Mi i ippi Vall y
e t lli g th em that m th a c a p pl fighti g w ith
ss ss e ,
”
emy l n thl th ore n on e eo e n an en e e ss ru e ss an

th i f “i m p i l d ight t m d a a d ac d f h m
e rs, or er e r dal d t m w thy f l t a d
s no ore e r n s re or o e s an an no ore or o re so u e n

un c q bl m
on u eradf “ i t t f f l m g it d th a th i h d t h it t d t m lt a d m l d
e en.
”
an or n e re s s o ar e ss a n u e n e rs, a no es a e o e n ou

i t c
n o th p c i
an n o n b ll m ti g th i h
e re f G d w hich h ad c ll d g
ou s e ati t p y
s su r Th ou n n e r ou ses o o ,
a e en e r on s o ra er . e

p i th d h t l d h m “h d v a cti d a d c c t d th c v i i th h
r es
“
oo ,
e o t e , f th i c
a ety er s n on e n on se ra e e on e rs o n , n e ou r o e r ou n r
‘
s

n ee da ,
h ly d cc ptabl i th ight f G d W w t c a
s on e o an a h c ti d “a g atly a y
e e n e s o o . e an n n on ,
”
e on n ue , s re s an

p pl w h v a hi t y t ll y m lt d th i ch ch b ll t pply th m
eo e o e e r, s s or h th i G
e s l c ll d o u, e e e r ur e s o su e so e, e r e n e ra ,
a e

u p th m t d th i pl t ti b ll t th
on e o se n a t ail d d p t bj ct t h i d “t b m lt d
e r an a on e s o e ne re s r roa e o ,
”
su e o s or e r, o e e e

i t c
n o f th d f
an n o n f th i pl or tati Th w a l i b l p
e e e n se o t thi c all d t ly pl t
e r an on s e re as e ra re s on se o s an no on an a

t i b ll b t ch ch b ll w
,

on e s ff
u d f th p p ur I m citi w t
e l d i i th C f d t
s ere o e re or e u r o se. n so e e s,
”
ro e a so er n e on e e ra e

a myr v y ch ch g v p it b l l C t h
,
e er ur f ct i p b li i tit ti
a e u d pl a t ati st th i e . ou r -
o u se s, a or e s, u c ns u o n s, an n o n s, se n e rs .

A d th p pl f
n i h d l g q ti ti f l d b
e eo e urn s f v y d c ipti
e — di c d l tick ga fi t
ar e uan es o o rass o e er es r on an ro n s. an es s, s- x u re s,

a d v
n d k b Ih v
e en o or- w ag l d f th lyi g at d p t w iti g hip m t t th f d i
no s
. a e see n on - oa s o e se n e o s, a n s en o e o un r es.
"

S ee Th i t M th i th R b l A m y by a i m p
r een on d N w Y k (Will i m G St v ) p g 84
s n e e e r ,
n re sse e or er a . e en s ,
a e .

Th b z c t ib ti w al l t t N w O l
e se ra e n on r wh th y w f d by G al B tl w h
u on s ere se n o e r ean s, ere e e re o un en er u er, o

sen t th b l l t B t t be e s df m p c f l p p
o os on , Th y w l d at a cti th i A g t
o e u se or a o re ea e u u r os e . e e re so u on ere n u us

f ll w i g by C l
o o l N A Th m p w h p f c d th al by a p t i tic p ch
n ,
o o ne . . o so n , o re a e e s e a r o s ee .

T dy bf B en g d pp l f b ll m t l h i S g G al D Ch ppi w h m h h d t t
a s e ore e aure ar
‘
sa ea or e -
e a s ur eo n - e n er r o n, o e a se n o

ft th f ll f F t D l f th p p
.
, ,

N wO l
e r e an s, a er i d i th at city th f ll w i g ch a act i tic
e a o or on e son , or e u r o se , ssu e n e o o n r er s

add t hi C
re ss l b th o s re o e re ren

S "
N w O a
o L D tE as o r :Y a aw f th d i a te w hich h av b f ll nL a m i th
AN s W t~ ou re are o e s s e rs e e a e n ou r r s n e es

G t di a t
r ea er til l a ta i g i th f a
s s e rs s G l B ga d— th m t w h m w m t l k
re s r n us n e ce en e ra e au re r e an o o e us oo as

c t y— d m am g y t m m y t a g t d ty d bl d d —i v ki g
.

th vi
e sa f our o o ur ou n r sen s e on ou o su on ou o re a u an no e ee s n o n

an d i pi d by th c d l v f c t y d f p ic l lib ty h h a t k th d thl
ns re e sa re
. o e ol ti d l oun r an o r e e ss er , e s a en e ea e ss re so u on e es

c en g d le-r ou i A d w ith th i mm tal c

e e s su or e fi d c a d h ly f v f a l willi g if d b t
. n ,
e or on en e n o er or o so u n , n ee e, o

m t m ty d m h call p y t j i h im i d th at h m ay t t
ee ar r o e s u c t y wh t h ha l t
on ou o o n ,
n or er e re s ore o ou r oun r a s e s os ,

T in , an esse n ti la art c e il in th e m an ufac ture of ba r ss c an n on , w as to scarce w th i i n th e b d f th

oun s o e Co n fe d eracy , th a t th e O r d n an c e

De p ar m en t sot l i it d
c e th e peop l eib to co n tr ute b e ll
s for th e p urpose. I t in said th atsuflicien t b ll m tal w a
e -
e s sen tt o R i ch mon d from F re d er

l i b tt i
,

ich burg l
a on e , to make two gh t a e r es.
 P O PE S M ARC H O N NE W M AD RID
’
.

force s T hus far sh alt th o u go an d n o farthe r b u t like m ost of thei r c al

, , ,

c u l atio n s thi s o n e sign ally fai l e d

,
.

IVh ile J o hn st o n w as p re ssing so u thw ard th ro u gh N ashville with h is

fu gitive army fro m B o wling G reen an d Po lk w as t rembling in h is m e n ac e d ,

w o rk s at C o l u mb u s H all e ck w as giving impet u s to a fo rce de s tined to st rike

,

a fat al bl o w at the C o nfede rate s at N e w M ad rid He di sp atched Gene ral .

Po pe fro m St L ou i s on the 22d of F eb ru ary with a c o n side rable b ody of

.
,

t roo p s chiefly fro m O hi o an d Illin o i s to att ack th at p ost Pope went d o wn

, , .

the Mi ssi ssippi in t ran sp ort s an d l anded at C o mme rce in Mi ss o u ri on the , , ,

24th He m arch e d fro m the re on the 2 7th an d th ree d ay s afte rw ard tw o

.
,

c o mp an ie s of th e Seventh Illi n o i s c av al ry u nd e r C apt ain Web ste r an d a com , ,

p any o f ind e p e nd e nt c av al ry u nde r C apt ain N ol e m an enc o u nte red the g u e r , ,

.
'

r ill a chief M J efl T h o mp so n with ab ou t tw o h u nd red m ou nt e d m en

. T he se .

we re rou ted an d p u rsu ed with g re at vig or to Th o mp so n s lin e s at N ew

,
’

M ad rid l osing in th e i r flight th ree pi e ce s of artille ry an d th rowing aw ay

, ,

g u n s an d eve ry thing el se th at might l e sse n thei r speed I n the me an tM e .

Pope s m ain c o l u mn m o v e d on t rave rse d with the g re ate st di ffic u lty o ve r

’
,

fl ow e d miry s w amp s an d on the day when the N ati o n al st and ard w as ,

1

“
u nfu rl e d at C o l u mb u s it appe ared befo re N ew M ad rid Pope .

fo u nd the p o st o cc u pi e d by fi v e regiment s o f i n fant ry an d seve ral

c o mp ani e s of artille ry with Ho llin s s fl otill a o n the rive r S ati s ,
’
.

fi e d th at he c o u ld acc o mpli sh ve ry littl e w ith h is light artille ry h e enc amp e d ,

ou t o f range of the g u n b o at s an d se nt -
,

C o l o nel Bi sse ll of th e Enginee r C o rp s , ,

to C ai ro fo r h e avy c ann o n .

IVh il e Po pe was w aiting fo r h is

siege g u n s the C o n fe de rat e s we re
-

st rength e ning N ew M ad rid b y re— en

forceme n t s fro m I sl and N u mbe r Ten ;

an d on th e 1 2th when the c ann o n fro m ,

C ai ro arrived th e re w e re ab o u t nin e ,

th o u sand infant ry b e sid e s art i ll e ry , ,

within th e w o rks in fron t of Po pe ,

c o mm and e d by Gene ral s Mc C own ,

St u art an d G antt Me anwhile th ree

,
.
,

u n b o at s h ad b e en add e d to H o llin s s
’
g
-

P P O ES H E AD '
Q U AR ERS N EAR
T N EW MAD R ID
fl O til l a ,

F e aring the C onfede rate s might be re enfo rc e d fro m bel o w P op e sent -

C o l on e l J B Pl u mme r o f the Eleventh Mi sso u ri to P o i n t Ple asan t te n or

. .
, , ,

twelve mil e s d ow n the rive r to pl ant a b atte ry an d bl ock ade it at th at , ,

an d l ad y
e t gl y di d p d c I :
o u on toi gid a d or an n e en en e. n on es r n sul l en as t f th e f
h e toll in gs o u n er a l k n el l, b i t
w ith cl a i cc t th t h l d d q iv th gh v y h
r on a en s a s ou se n a u er rou e er ear t
, an d s rin t g th e v
n er e s of e v y ma
er n, he
ci
r es ou t th fi al f ai f th t i mm t l hy m
e n re r n o a or a n

A m it y i f m z ux ar es c o en s or e v os b ataill on s,

March on s l
M h arc on s

Q a g imp b v ll
’ ’
u nn s n ur a re u e n os si on s i

C l re o e s of L ii ou s an a, on to th e w rk ! o
‘

“T h e m en
, i d a w pap c
sa ne s er orre s on p d t en , wad e d in m ud, at
e in it l pt in it were surrou d d b y it
, s e ,
n e ,

as St. H l
e en a is by th c a e o e n .
"
240 CA P T U RE or N EW M AD RI D .

p oint He t ook with him th ree regiment s of in fant ry th ree c omp anie s of
.
,

c av alr y an d a field b atte ry of 1 0 p o u nd Parrott g u n s He form e d rifl e pit s

,
-
.
-

for a th o u sand men an d pl anted hi s c ann o n in s u nken b atte ri e s bel o w them

, .

Thi s w as d one with p erfect su cc e ss in th e face of c an n o n ading from the C on

fe de rate gu n b oat s Thi s p ositi o n c o mm an ded the p assage of th e riv e r in th e
-
.

re ar of I sl an d N u mb e r Ten an d p rev e nted su ppl i e s b e ing fu rni shed to th at

,

p ost ac ross the penin su l a fo rm e d by R e e l F o o t L ake an d M ad rid Bend .

Pop e s fo u r sieg e g u n s (th re e 32 p ou nde rs an d an 8 inch m ort ar) arrived at

’
- - -

“
n e ar su n se t an d at d awn th e next m orning (thi rty fi v e h ou rs afte r
,
-

aM ch 1 2 th e y left Bi rd s Point o n the C ai ro an d F u lt n R ilw y they we e

ar ’
)
,
o a a r ,
86
1 2 .

in p ositi on within h alf a mile o f F ort Th o mp so n O n th at w ork

, .
‘

an d H o llin s s fl o till a h e at o nce O p e ned

’

a vig o ro u s c an n o n ade an d b o mb ard

ment “ Th e y re pli e d w ith

6 M ch 1 8
.

ar .

e q u al vig o r b u tin the c o u rse

,

of a fe w h o u rs th ree o f th e c an n o n in th e

fort we re di sm o u nt e d an d th ree of the ,

gu n b o at s we re di sabl e d The fi erce -

.

artill e ry d u e l c o nti n u e d th ro u gh o u t the

wh o l e d ay f th e N ati o n al s c ontin u ally

extending thei r t renche s fo r the p u r ,

p ose of p u shing the ir h e avy b att e rie s

to the rive r b ank d u ri n g th e night .

G e ne ral Paine in the m e an time w as

A A NN O N T R U K C C .
‘ , ,

m aking d e m o n st rati o n s ag ai n st in
’
tre n c h m en ts o n the C o n fe d e rate right su pp o rt e d by Ge n e ral P alm e r s divi ,

s i o n T h e C o nfe d e rat e pick e t s w e re d riv e n in an d w h e n night fe ll the enti re

.
,

in su rg e nt fo rce at N e w M ad rid on l and an d w at e r we re in a p e ril ou s p osi , ,

ti o n Thei r c o mm ande rs pe rceived thi s an d du ring a fu ri ou s th u nde r st o rm

.
,
-

at ab o u t mid n i ght w hil e the Tw e nty se venth an d Thi rty nin th O hi o an d

,
- -

T e n th an d Sixte e nth Il lin oi s we re on d u ty g u ardi n g the rifl e pit s an d b at -

te ries th e y ev ac u at e d th e po st an d fled to I sl and N u mbe r T en le aving

, ,

alm ost eve ry thing b e hind th em S o p re cipit ate w as the ir flight th at th e i r .

4

s u pp ers an d light e d c andl e s we re i n thei r t e nt s an d thei r de ad we re l e ft ,

u n b u ri ed N ew M ad rid p re sented a m ost piti able spect acle The o rigin al

. .

inh abit ant s h ad fl e d an d it h ad e vidently be e n s ack e d an d pl un de re d by its

,

C o nfed e rat e o cc u p ant s for h o u seh old article s we re sc atte red in e ve ry di rce
,

ti o n The h u m an l o ss of the C onfede rate s in thi s q u ick sh arp si e ge is n ot

.
,

kn o wn O n e h u nd re d n e w g rave s an d m any b odie s le ft u nb u ried sh o w e d it

.

to h ave b e en se v e re on the l and Th at of the N ati on al s w as fi fty o n e killed .

-

5
an d w o u nd e d .

Th g w ca i d t w ty m il by il way a d d agg d t ck ( ch a i d li at d i th
1 e se un s ere rr e en es ra ,
n r e on ru s su s s e ne e n e

en g a i g ) t w ty m il f th v a m i y d m t f th w ay
r v n en es ar e r, o er r roa os o e

w h a d l d by c m p i A d H f th F i t U S R g l I fa t y
.

T h h avy g
9 e e un s e re d Captai
n e o an e s an , o e rs . . e u ar n n r ,
un er n

Mw o er .

p g 688 v l m I
S ee a e , o u e .

Th y l ft thi ty th ca
e v al th s n d t d f m ll a m a mag zi full f fi x d m m i i
e r -
ree nn on . se er ou a s an o s a r s, a ne o e a un t on,

sev al h d d b x f m k t ca t i d g t t f a m y f t th a d m i t chi g t l
er un re o es o us e d a r r e s, en s or n ar o en o us n en, n re n n oo s, an

la g mb f h
r e nu m l a d wager o orse s u e s, n on s .

t t th auth b y ye
.

R p t fG
5 al J h
e or P p t G al C ll m Ma ch 1 4 1 362 ; a d stat m
o en er o n o e o e n er u u , r , n e en s o e or e

wit sses ne .
 S TREN G T H O F I SLAN D NUM BER TEN 241

J us t before d aylight on the m orning afte r the s iege B rig adie r G e ne ral ,
-

D avid S St anley wh ose c omm and h ad been in the t renche s all night w as
.
, ,

relieved by M aj or Gen e ral Sch u yle r H amilt o n ; an d a little afte r d awn a fl a

g
-
, ,

When
.

of t ru ce appe ared with info rm ati o n th at the pl ace w as ab and o ne d

the fact w as ce rtified H amilt o n s ent C apt ain M owe r an d h is artille ri st s to ,

pl ant the n ati on al fl ag on F ort Th omp son A t alm ost the same .

“
h o u r C omm o d ore F oote le ft C ai ro with a p o we rfu l fleet c om
, ,

p ose d of seven arm ore d gu n b o at s on e n ot arm ored an d ten -

, ,

m ort ar b oat s for the p u rp ose of c o o pe rating with Gene ral Pope At C ol u m
-
,
‘ -
.

b u s h e w as j o ined by the Twenty se venth Illin oi s C o l on el B u fo rd an d some -

,
“
,

o the r t ro o p s an d m o vi n g d o w n to Hic km an o n the same sh o re ,

,
Ma ch 1 4 ‘
r
o f the Mi ssi ssippi he t oo k p osse ssi o n o f th at pl ace } He did n ot
.

t arry b u t p re ssing fo rw ard h is fleet appe are d in sight of I sl an d N u mbe r

, , ,

T en the n e xt day when h e c arefu lly rec o nn oite re d the C o nfed er M ch 1 5

,
‘

6 ar .

ate p ositi o n an d p rep are d fo r a si e ge .

U nde r the skillfu l an d en e rgetic m an agem e nt of Gene ral Be au reg ard ,

Isl and N u mbe r T en h ad been m ade the m ost imp regn able to assau lt of all
the p ost s in th e Mi ssi ss ippi v alley O n the day o f h is arriv al M ch 6
”

“
‘ ar .

the re he h ad assu m e d th e c o mm and of the Dep artment of the

,

Mi ssi ssippi to which as we h av e ob se rved he h ad rec e ntly been app o inted

, , , ,

a n d h ad c all e d Ge n e ral B ragg fro m P e n sac o l a to h is aid He issu ed a .

sti rri n g o rd er fro m J ack so n Tenne ssee add re sse d to the in h ab i

‘

, , ,
Ma h O O rc
t ant s of h is d e p artm e nt ann ou ncing h is a ssu mpti o n of the
.

c o mm and an d c alli n g u p o n the men to aro us e in defen se of their m othe rs

, ,
”
wive s si ste rs an d child ren
,
If high s o u nding w ord s an d g oo d enginee ring
,
.
-

c ou ld h ave m ade I sl and N u mbe r

T en imp regn able it w ou ld have ,

been so .

O n S at u rd ay n ight /
J Ma ch 1 5
,
r .

C o mm od ore F oo te w as
p rep ared for acti on an d on S u nd ay ,

m orn ing he c o mm e nced th e siege

with a b o mb ardm e nt by the rifled
g u n s of th e B en ton h is fl ag ship ,
-
.

T hi s w as fo llo wed by the m ort ar

b oat s m o ore d at p rope r p o int s al ong
,

the rive r sh o re fro m which th e se ,

immen s e pi e ce s of ordn anc e h u rled

H I R T EE N I N H M Aa T -
C O BT
ton s of i ron u po n th e dev oted i sl and
.
’

Th e ee
l fl tc i t d
o ns s e of t h e gu n oa s Be n t t h lp cti g
on , e ute n an P ec pt i
s a n C mm b t
fl ag a a n ; C inc i n n a ti, o
-
un Li -

C mm d
der S te m b e l ; Ca rond el st, o lkan e r Wa e ; C mm d K ll y
Moun d City, o C mm
an er e e ; L ou isvill e, o an der

D v
o e ; P it Li t t h m p
tsb u rg, e u e n an T o Li t t l d i g
son ; S t Lo uis, e u e n an Pau m d Li
n ; an d Con esto ga ( n o t ar ore ) , eu .

t B l d tt
te n an o ge mT he b t w
ortar ch g
oa s . C pt i H E M y d i c mm d
e re in ar e of a a n q d
a na er-
o an e r of th e s ua ron . .
,

C pt i E
a a n ik . c mm d
B P e, asslstan t o . S ili g M t
an er ; an d a n G g y Si m d
as e rs G lassiord,J h
re or , o n s, an d o n son -
’
.

H i km a h ad b vi i t d by Nat i al g b at c b f O th d y w h it w fi t cc pi d b y
c n ee n s e on u n- o s on e e ore . n e a en as rs o u e

th C f d at smth Ty l
e on e a d L
er i gt ap p
e ach d th t pl c
i w h th y c t d a
e er n ex n on ro e a a e, ere e en ou n e re

C f d at g b at call d 77 Ya k e With thi a d m k d batt y f f

on e er e un - o e ifl d 16 n e s, n a as e er o o ur r e can

h j t b v H ick m a th Tyl e a d L asi gt f ght ab t a h d i vi g

.

th
n on o n e s ore, us a o e n, e r n e n on ou ou n ou r, r n

T h Ya k e t H ick m a
o n il ci g th h batt y b i g th t t aca it w ith h t h t
e o n, s en n e s ore er ,
u rn n e en s r. o s o ,

a d
n att i g th i
sc g ts
er n e n sur e n .

T h m ta w a e f th a li
or t f m f ca r b i g i use i E p a a ly a 1485 I t am i
s o ne o e e r es or s o n n on, e n n n u ro e s e r s . s n e s

d iv d f m it f m w hich m bl s th ap th ca i t nsi l or that nam T h m a ci t f m is ’

er e ro s or rese e e o e r es u e e. e ore n en or see n
,

Von I I — 1 6 .
 242 A TTA CK ON C O N ED ERA E BA F T TT ERIES .

an dthe b atte rie s on the Kent u cky sh ore o pp osite, A l l day l ong the b om
b ardm en t was kept u p an d vig oro u s re spo n se s we re m ad e with ve ry little , ,

inj u ry to either p arty .

1

Me anwhile a b atte ry of the Sec o nd Illin oi s artille ry w as l anded on th e

Mi sso uri s h ore in a p o s iti on to ass ail the C o nfede rate fleet ne ar the i sl and
,
.

Thi s b atte ry w as activ e an d e ff e c

t u al an d did excellent se rvice the ,

next day when a m ost de adly ,

att ack w as m ad e on the C o nfed

e rate w o rk s afte r me ridi an by a , ,

fl oating b atte ry of ten g u n s form e d ,

of the gu n b o at s C in c in n at i B en -
,

ton an d S t L ou is l ashed s ide b y ,

.
,

s ide fo ll o wed by the Caron delet , ,

P itts bu rg an d M ou n d City Th ey ,
.

went ne are r to th e w ork s an d ,

p o u nded them sev e re l y He av y

a N U M B ER a m
re m
s on r n u rrs n z n x s .
’ .

bl ow s we re given i n ret u rn an d ,

the sec o nd day of the s i e ge w as as b arre n of deci sive re su lt s as th e fi rst .

I s l and N u mbe r Ten said C o mm o d o re F oo te to th e Sec ret ary

”
,

of the N avy
““ i s h arde r to c o n q u e r th an C o l umb u s as the i sl and , ,

in th e g i g pag 247 Th g at m ta
littl e e n rav n d i ig on l a d a d wat d i g th l at
e . e re or rs u se n s e e s on n n er, ur n e e

wa w r, t ly m t w ap f d t u ti
ere ru O pict
o ns e r- h w ed l d m t d dw k d
ons or es r c on . ur ure s o s o n e u se on an , ou n e an or e

p ci ly a w th
re se th
s m ta b at
e re It i w hat i t ch ically t m d a 1 3 i ch m ta that
o se on e or r- o s . s s e n er e -
n or r,

i ts ay i t w ill
o s iv , b m b h ll thi t recei ch i d i am t eI t w ight w a
a o p d It wa-
s e r e
en n es n e er . s e s o un s . s

d i ch g d by m
s ar e f a c d att ch d t a p c e an s o i l ck T h i mm b ll
o r h ll d f th m a e o e r u ss o n o . e en se a s or s e s u se or ese or

t wars h vy ( w ighi g v tw h d d p d ) th t
ere so ea e m l d th a d l
n o f th m and th y
er o un re ou n s , a o ne an cou no n e on e o e ,
e

w a i d f m th
e re c rr e m g zi t th m t by th
ro e a a ne o e or ar e

m th d d li at d i th
e o e g avi g I th i v
ne e n e en r n . n e r er

se r vic d i g th l t w a th m ta b t w
e, ur n e a e r, e or r- oa s ere

fi m ly m d t th ba k a d a d ick wa t p
r oore o e n , n e rr s se u

h i a p iti t d p th h ll i t th
q
on th e s o re n os on o ro e s e n o e

m th f th m t aft a bag f ll r
ou o e l
on s er h ad er u o l Ol
‘

g on e d w it th at o n s ro .

A c p d t f th Ch i ag Ti m w h wa
o rre s o n en o e c o es, o s

at t h b m ba d m t f I l a d N m b T th
e o r en o s n u er en , us

g aphically d c ib th m
r f
es r i g th im e
s e an n e r o us n ese

m ca
e nse : Th p ti f fi i g th m ta
nno n e o e ra on o r n e or rs,

w hich w a c d ct d w hil w w s on a by i i t
u e e e e re n e r , s n er

es ti g a d ath t i g T h ch g i f m
n n r er s un n n . e ar e s ro

fift t t w ty tw p d T h h ll w igh 230

een o en -
o ou n s . e s e e s

p do un d i thi t
s, an i ch i d i m t F a
s r ee n n es n a e er . or

fam ilia ill t ti it i b t th iz f l arg

r u s ra on, s a ou e s e o a e

sou p pl at -
y d m y i m agi w h th y
e , so o ur rea e rs a ne, en e

it d w t d i th m ti th y w l d p i
M E H OD A RR Y IN
o n n er, e e on s e
s

on ce
o

if th y h app d t
n

e a b all f i f th se
ene o se e
o
SH E LL o
ou

ron o
ex er

o
T OF C G A .

dim i c m i g t wa d th m at th at f a th a d m il a m i t T h b t i m d al g i d th e
en s on s o n o r e e r e o ou s n es nu e e oa s oore on s e

h ck fi m ly a d th m g a h w h th m t i t b fi d A p ll f th
.

h
s ore , so a t w ith ta d th s o s n e s o r ,
n e en o s ore en e o r ar s o e re . u o e

t i g d th w k a d th w h l vici ity i hak w ith th c c i

s r n oes e or , n Th ep t i d af i g a d th
o e n s s en e on u s s on . e re or s e en n . n e

m ost th i a tic p en gtus gh f it with

s tw d i ch a g
e rson Th ie s e n ou d f m th h ll t o on e or o s r es . e re s n o so un ro e s e a

thi p i t f b v ati a d i d i cati t m a k th c

s o n o o se r i t i taki g b t i a f w c d th att tiv
on , n no n on o r e ou rse s n u n e se on s e en e

d f m k that f ll w it x pl i
,

o b v w ith a g d gl w ill
se r er, th cl oo ass, d th th p tc m
se e e ou o s o e o o s s e os o n , an en e re or o es

ba k w i th a d ll bo m If i t ha d x c ti th m y m ay b c a yi g fl th i kill d a d w u d d ’ ”
c u o . s on e e e u on , e ene e see n rr n o e r e n o n e

1 Du i g t t f thi day C mm d F t w a i f m d f th d ath at N w Hav C

.

h bom ba d m
rn e r en o s , o o o re oo e s n or e o e e , e e n, on

n ec ti t f h i se c
cu , d o a p m i i g b y thi t y a f ag It w a
s on so n , x p ct d th t f a m m t
ro s n o r ee n e rs o e . s so u n e e
e a , or o en ,

th b av w a i
e r wae v c m H rr or alli d a d p
s o h d th c m b t w ith g at vig m aki g p i at
er o e. e soon r e ,
n us e on e o a re or, n r v e

sorro w b d i at t p blic d ty
su or n e o u u .

T h fig thi m ap d t th m b f th batt i a gi v by th C f d at

e ures on s e no eIt w ill b e nu e rs o e e r es, s en e on e er e s. e see n
'

th atth ch a n l of the i v w as com pl t ly co v e d b y th em at th e app ach f th i l a d f m ab v

n e e r er e e re ro es o e s n ro o e .
 POP E A T NEW . M A D RI D .

”
h
s o re s are li n e d With fort s e ach fort c o mm a nding th e on e ab o v e it An d
,
.

so th e si eg e w e n t o n w i th v a rying fo rt u ne s u ntil th e fi rs t w e e k in April

, , ,

w h en F oo t e s fl otill a w as y e t ab o v e I s l a nd N u m b er T en an d
’
,
“ Ap il 5 r
B e au re g ard t e l eg raph e d to R ich m on d th at th e N ati on al g un s 1 862
,

“
.

h ad th ro w n th re e th ou san d sh e ll s an d b u rn e d fifty t on s of
”
u n p o w d er w ith o u t dam ag in g h is b att e ri e s an d kill in g o nly o n e of h is
g
-

m en T h e p u blic b e g an to b e i m p ati en t b u t vict o ry w as n e ar

.
,
.
‘

Wh il e C om m od ore F oot e w as p o u n di n g aw ay at I sl an d N u m b er T en
an d its se v e n su pp o rti n g sh ore b att eri e s G e n e ral P o p e w as ch afi n g at N e w -
,

M ad rid w ith i m p ati e n c e fo r d e ci siv e action His g u n s e asily bl o ck ad e d th e .

riv er b u t h e w i sh e d to do m ore
,
He d esi re d to c ross it to th e p en i n su l a an d .

att ack th e i sl an d in th e rear a m o v e m e n t th at w o u ld i n su re its c apt u re ,

w ith its d e p e n d e n ci e s th e i r g arri son s an d m u n iti on s of w ar ,

T h e riv e r .

th e re w as ab ou t a m il e in w id th an d w ith a c u rren t th e n fl o w i n g atth e sp eed ,

of se v e n o r e ight m il es an h o ur T h e o pp osit e sh o re w as li n e d w ith b att e ri e s .

g arn i sh e d w ith g u n s of h eavy c alib e r Un til th e se c o u ld b e sil en c ed it .

,

w ou ld b e m ad n e ss to att em pt to c ross th e riv er w ith an y m e an s at Po pe s

’

c om m an d He t ri e d to i n d u c e F o o t e to all o w som e o f h is arm e d v e ssel s to

.

ru n th e b att e ri e s o f I sl an d N u m b e r T e n an d af t e r sil en ci n g th e se T e n n e ssee ,

,

sh o re b att e ri e s t ran sp o rt th e t roo p s ac ross

-
,
F oot e w ou ld n ot in c u r th e ri sk .

an d Po p e w as at h is Wit s e n d w h en
’
,

G en eral Ham ilt on c am e to h is rel i e f

w ith a m ost e xt raordi n ary p ro p osi
ti on It w as th e c o n st ru ctio n of a c an al
.

from th e b e n d of th e Mi ssissippi n ear ,

I sl an d N u m b e r E ight ac ross th e n eck ,

o f a s w am py p e n i n su l a to th e vic in ,

ity of N ew M ad rid of su fiic ien t ,

c ap acity to all o w th e p assag e o f gu n

b o at s an d t ran sp o rt s an d th e re by ,

e ff e ct u ally fla n k N um b e r T e n an d
i n su re its c ap ture He o ff e re d to .

u n d e rt ak e th e t ask w ith h is divi si o n ,

an d to e x e c u te th e w ork in th e sp ac e

of tw o w e ek s u n d e r th e g en eral ,

di re cti on of Li e u t en an t Hen ry B “ “m m .
son n y
,
-
03 ,

G aw of th e En gi n ee rs
,
.

G e n eral Pop e fav o re d G en eral Hamil t on s p ropositi on an d di re ct e d C o l o ’

,

n e l Bi sse ll to p e rform th e t ask w ith th e pl an s so m o difi e d as to all o w o n ly ,

tran sp o rt s an d b arg es to p ass th rou gh Bi ssell se t ab o u t it w ith h is regi .

1 Whil e F t
c yi g thi i g C l l B f d w ith th T w ty v th Illi i C l l H gg
oo e w as arr n on s s e e, o on e u or e en -
se en n o s, o on e o

w ith th F ift th Mi
e i a d C l l F t with a bat tali f th T w ty c d Mi s i acc m p a i d
ee n sso ur , n o one os er on o e en -
se on s our ,
o n e

b y a b tt y f i a ifl d aer d C ptai S patsm

o sx r f th S c
e d I lli i till y d 200 f th
c n n on , u n er a n o n, o e e on n o s ar er ,
an o e

S c d I lli i caval y w t t Hick m

e on no s th g b at Lo i vill e T h y l d d q i tl y a d
r , en o aftan o n e un- o u s . e an e u e ,
n soon er

wa d p h d
r t w d U i City a i m p ta t p i t at th j cti
us e on o ar n onf ail way th f C l m b
, n or n o n e un on o r s sou o o u us, occ u

pi d by C f d at f c c m p d f th T w ty fi t T
e a on e er e or e i fa t y a d a batta li f cav al y i all
o ose o e en -
rs e n n e ssee n n r n on o r ,
n

b t
a ou m T h i w y l ed th gh a d ly w d d c t y T h i m a ch w a apid a d th y f ll
e n. e r a rou en se oo e ou n r . e r r s r ,
n e e

su dd ly p th i m i a d att d th m t th fi t
en u on e r e ne t A ft b i g th i cam p a d ff ct ally
es n sc ere e a e rs on se . er urn n e r ,
n e e u

p gi g U i City f a m ed i u g ts th N ati al s r t ed to Hick ma a d m b a k d f I sl a d N am

ur n n on o r n s r en , e on e urn n n re-e r e or n .

be r T en .
 3
244 HAMI LT O N ’
S FLANKIN G C ANAL

m en t , with great vig or, assi st e d by som e o f B u ford s c omm an d

’
F ou r light . »

k raft st eam ers an d tw o or three gu n b arg e s w ere sen t d o w n from C ai ro for -

u se in th e w o rk ; an d, aft e r n i n e t e en d ay s o f th e m ost f atig uin g l ab o r, a c an al

t w e lv e il
m e s l o n g o n e h alf th e di st an
,
c e th ro u gh-
a g ro w th of h ea v y ti b
m er ‘
,

w as c om pl e t e d ; a w o n d e rfu l m on u m en t to th e e n gi n e e ri n g skill
‘

an d i n d o m it abl e p erse v e ran c e o f th e A m e ric an s

’
I n th e m ean .

ti m e F oo t e h ad n ot b een idl e as B eau reg ard s e l e ct ro g raph ,

’

’
atte st e d T h e u pper (R ach el s B att ery ) or n um b er o n e o f th e se v e n fort s on
.

th e K en t u cky sh ore
h ad re c e iv e d h is
spe cial att en ti on ,

an d o n th e n ight o f

th e l st o f Ap ril an
e x pe diti o n to t ak e

it by st o rm w as se t
in m oti on u n d e r th e
co m m an d o f C o l on e l

R o be rt s o f th e F o r ,

ty sccon d Illi n oi s -
,

w h o w as ae c om

a n ie d by o n ly for
p
ty o f h is m e n T h e y .

w e n t in fi ve b oat s
m an n e d by arm e d
c re w s pick e d from
th e st e am e rs B en
ton , S t L ou is, C in
.

cossrs uc m to m s
'
ca n )
c in n ati, P il l s bu ry ,
.

an d M ou n d City a h un d re d m en in all seam en an d soldi e rs— an d p ullin g

-“
, ,

di re ctly for th e fac e of th e b att e ry m et w ith n o oth er o p po siti on th an ,

th e fi re of tw o se n ti n e l s w h o sc am p e re d aw ay T h e six g u n s o f th e b att e ry
,
.

w e re S pik e d an d th u s o n e of F oo t e s m o st form id abl e opp on e n t s w as

’
,

sil e n c e d .

‘
T hi s d ari n g fe at w as fo ll o w e d on th e n ight o f th e 3d by
u p”,
an o th e r Po p e h ad fre q u e n tly i m pl o re d F oot e to se n d a gu n b oat
.
-

to h is assi st an c e At l e n gth th e g all an t C apt ai n Walke o b tai n e d p e rm i ssi on

.

o f th e c o m m an d er to u n de rt ak e to ru n by th e C on fe d erat e b atte ri es w ith

th e Caron ck let T his p e ril o u s fe at w as su cc essfu lly p e rfo rm e d at m id n ight

.
,

d u rin g a t rem en d ou s th u n d er st orm T h e fl ash es of light n i n g re v e al e d h e r

-
.

to th e C on fe d erat e s an d sh e w as c o m p e ll e d to ru n th e g an tl e t o f a h e av v
,

fi re from all of th e b att e ri e s Sh e did n o t re t u rn a sh ot ; an d F o ot e w as

.

so o n rej o ic e d by h e ari n g th e b oo m i n g o f th ree sig n al g u n s fro m h e r de c k

“
-
,

w hich w as to b e h is assu ran c e o f h e r safe ty ‘

S h e w as re c e iv e d at N e w .

1
gh thi ti mb a w ay ata av ag f fifty f t i wid th w a t by awi g i! t
Th ro u s er ,
n er e o ee n , s cu s n o re es, in so m e pl c
a es

f
our f t d w at
ee un er er.

2
R p t fGe or l P p t G
o al Hall ck Ap i l 9 1 86 2
e n e ra o Stat m t f G al H m ilt
e o en er e , r , . e en o e n er a on to th e au th or,

J uue T, i Sfi .

In thi s pict ure th e a cc om pa yi g g

n n un- ba g r es are see n to th e ght a d l ti
ri n e of th e s eat m er .

T h e w ak side e s of th e Car on d sl ct, w ere th e h i ro n pl t a es ( li d t c v th

no o er e m w e re
,
p t c t d by b l
r o e e a es o f
 PASS IN G T HE C O NFEDERAT E BATTERIE S .
245

Mad rid with th e w ild e st d e m on st rati on s of d el ight th e so ldi e rs c atchin g u p ,

in th e ir arm s th e sail ors w h o ro w e d Walk e s gig ash ore an d p assi n g

’
,

th e m fro m o n e to an

o th e r T h e C aron delet
.

w as th e fi rs t v e sse l th at
ran th e C on fe d e rat e
bl o ck ad e o n th e Mis
s issi
pp i R iv e r ; an d h e r

b rav e co m m an d e r an d
h is m e n re c e iv e d th e
sp e ci al th an k s o f th e
S e c re t ary of
th e N avy ‘
,

f or h is co u

ra e ou s an d
g i m p ort an t m C ABO N D E LET .

act O n th e
. fo ll o w i n g
m o rnin g , th e B en ton ,
‘
C in c in n ati, an d P ittsb u rg, w ith th ree
A p il 4
r

bo at s op e n e d a he avy
.

,
fi re u p o n a h u g e fl oati n g b att e ry of
sixt ee n g u n s w hich th e C o n fe d e rat e s h ad m oo re d at I sl and N u m b er T e n
‘
.
,

U n abl e to d e fe n d it th e C on fe d e rat e s i m p e rfe ctly sc u t tl e d th e m on st er

, ,

an d c u t it l o o se It d ri fte d d o w n th e riv e r an d l odg e d a sh ort di st an c e

.

ab o v e P o i n t Pl e as an t S o on e by o n e adv an t ag e s w e re g ai n e d by th e
.

N ati o n al s .

T h e i m p ati e n t P ope sati sfi e d th at h e c o u ld n o t re ly u p on th e fl otill a fo r

,

m u ch aid on h is sid e of I sl an d N um be r T e n h ad c au se d se v e ral fl o ati n g ,

b att e ri e s to b e c o n st ru ct e d of c oal barg e s at th e u pp e r e n d of th e c an al -

, ,

w ith w hich h e i n t e n d e d to si le n c e th e g u n s o n th e K e n t u cky sh ore opp osit e ,

his p ositi o n an d c o v e r th e p assag e ac ro ss o f h is t ro o p s

,
T h ese w e re c om .
’

p l e te d w h e n th e c an al w as fi n i sh e d an d o n th e 5 th o f Ap ril th e y w ith , ,

fou r st e am e rs an d so m e b arg e s w e re b ro ugh t th ro u gh th at ch an n e l i n t o ,

th e b ay o u w hich e m pti e s i n to th e Mis si ssippi at N e w Mad rid T h e re al l .

w e re k e pt c o n c e al e d u n til e v e ry thi n g w as in re adi n e ss fo r a forw ard

m o v em e n t .

O n th e m o rn i n g o f th e 6 ih P op e se n t th e Ca ron delet d o wn th e riv e r ,

t ow ard Tipt on vill e w i th G e n eral G ran g e r C ol on e l S m ith of th e F o rty thi rd

, , ,
-

O hi o an d C apt ai n L B M arsh all o f h is st aff to re c on n o i te r th e st re am

,
. .
, ,

be l o w T h e y fou n d th e w h o l e K en t ucky an d T e n n essee sh o re for fi fte en

.

m il e s l i n e d with h e avy g un s at in t e rv al s in n o c ase m o re th an a m il e ap art , ,

an d b e t w e en th e se i n t ren ch m en t s for in fan t ry w e re th ro w n u p O n th e i r .

l h d fi m ly t g th
b ay , as e r S h w a ca t l at t
o e cl k a d v y
er
. aft w a d th
e f i th d s s oo se en o
'

oc , n er soon er r e ur ou s un er

t m c m m c d T h th d ab a d th a till y b l w k pt p a c ti al d f a f l a T h
s or o en e . e un er o vc n e r er e o e u on nu an e r u ro r . e ves

sel w a ab s t h lf a h pa i g tli b tt i a d i th at ti m f ty v h t w fi d ath b t t

ou a n o ur ss n e a e r e s, n n e or -
se en s o ere re er, u no on e

t ch d h —St t m t f C pta i W lk t th a th
ou e en a e en o a n a s o e u or.
1 T hi w a f m ly ths s P lican F l ati g D ck i N w O l a a d h ad b e t w d p th i v v
or er e e o n o ,
”
n e r e n s, n e n o e u e r er o er

i h d d m il
n ne un re es.
'
7 Each batt y wa c t uct d f th h avy c al ba g la h d t g th a d b lt d w ith i
er s on s r e Th
o re e e o -
r es, s e o e er n o e ro n . e

m i dd l e o ne ca i d th m a d th g
rr e a d w a b ulk h ad d all a
e en d a t giv f f t f thick
n e u n s, n s -
e e rou n so s o e o ur ee o

n ess o f li d ti m b i d a d d T h t i d b a g h ad a l ay f m pty w t tigh t ba l c ly

so e r, s es n en s. e ou s e r es er o e a e r- rre s se u re

l h d th l y
as e ,
f d y c tt
en a w d il a d c tt
e rs o cl ly pack d
r o th t a h t b f
on - chi g th
oo ra s n o o n, o se e ,
so a s o e ore re a n e

m i d d l b a g m t pa
e r e th gh t w e ty f t f ail a d c tt
us ss Th m pty ba el w
ro u i t d d a fl at
n ee o r s n o on . e e rr s e re n en e s o s
,

i th
n e e v t f th t ba g b i g pi d by h t b l w wat ma k Each batt ry h ad th h avy g
en o e ou er r es e n e rce s o e o e r- r . e ree e un s

p t ct d by t av
ro e e f a d bag
r d ca i d ighty sh a p h
erses o t s n -
s. an rr e e r -
s oo e rs.
246 IS LAND N UM BER T EN AB A N D O N ED .

t
re u rn , th e b att ery opp o sit e Po in t Pl easan t an d C ap tain
Caron del etsil en c e d
'
a ,

M ars h all w ith a fe w m e n l an d e d an d S pik e d its g u n s

, ,
.

T h at n ight at th e u rg e n t re q u e st of P o p e F o ot e o rd ere d th e P ittsbu rg

, , ,

Li eu t e n an t T h om p son to ru n th e bl o ck ad e It w as d on e an d sh e arriv e d at
,
.
,

N e w M ad rid at d aw n on th e 7th w h e n C apt ai n Walk e w e n t d o w n th e riv e r ,

w ith th e tw o gu n b oat s to sil e n c e b att e ri e s n e ar Wat son s L an di n g b e l ow

’
-
,

T ip ton vill e (T e n n e ssee ) w h e re Po p e i n t e n d e d to di se m b ark h is t roo p s (th en

,

o n th e st eam e rs th at h ad p asse d th ro u gh th e c an al ) o n th e T e n n e ssee sh ore , ,

in th e re ar of I sl an d N u m b er T e n A fe w d ay s b efore h e h ad est abli sh e d .

,

b att e ri e s of 32 pou n d e rs u n d e r C apt ai n Willi am s o f th e F i rst R e g u l ar

-
, ,

I n fan t ry o pp osit e th at p oin t

,
.

T h e t ro o p s on th e st e am e rs co m p rise d G en eral Pain e s divi si o n an d c on

’
,

sist e d of th e T e n th Six te e n th T w en ty se c on d an d F i fty fi rst Illi n o is re gi

, ,
-

,
-

m en t s w ith Ho u gh tailin g s B att e ry

,
A h eavy rai n st o rm w as swee pi n g ov e r
’
.
-

th e c ou n t ry b u t it did n o t i m p e d e th e m o v e m e n t
,
C apt ain Walk e p e rfo rm e d .

h is assig n e d d uty ad m i rably an d stru ck th e fi n al bl o w th at se c u re d a vict ory

,

fo r th e N ati on al s At n oon h e sig n al e d to P ope th at th e b att eri e s w e re

. .

s il e n c e d Th e st e am e rs w i th th e t roop s im m e di at e ly m o v ed forw ard an d

.
,

w h e n th e y c om m e n c ed c rossi n g th e b ro ad riv e r (w hich Po p e said w as

th e m o st m ag n ific e n t
sp e ct acl e h e h ad e v e r
se e n
) it w a s asc e rt ai n e d ,

th at th e C on fe d e rat e s
w e re ab an d on i n g th e i r
b att e ri es al on g th at p o r
ti on o f th e T e n n es se e

an d K en t u cky sh o re .

Walk e s vict o ry assu re d ’

th e l att er th at al l w as
l o st an d th e i r o n l y ,

th o u ght w as c o n c e rn i n g

safe ty in flight T h
VE SS E L! I
e re
W
.
U H B N N N T il l P]
.

w as n o w e q ual c o m m o

q
tion on I slan d N u m be r T e n Posi tiv e in fo rm ati on c o n c e rn in g th e fl an ki n g
.
.

can al h ad b e en giv e n at C onf e d e rate h e ad uarte rs th ere b u t th e st ory w as -

,

n o t b e li e v e d u n til th e st e am e rs w e re see n e m ergi n g fro m th e b ay o u at N e w

M ad rid w h en h o p e forso ok th e m Si n kin g th e ir gun b oat G ra mp u s an d

, .
-

, ,

six tran sp ort s in th e riv e r b e tw e e n th e isl an d an d N e w M ad rid so as to ,

fo rm as th e y su pp ose d e ffe ct u al ob st ru cti o n s to n avigati on th e y ab an d on e d

, , ,

e v e ry thi n g an d fl e d .

It w as i m p ort an t to c apt u re th e fu gitiv e s an d for th at p u rp ose Pop e ,

di re ct e d St an l e y an d Ham il ton w h o h ad c o m e d o w n by l an d to c ross th e i r

, ,

d ivisi on s He p u sh e d h is t roop s on t o w ard T ipt on vill e as fast as th e y w e re

.

l an d ed T h ey m e t an d d ro v e b ack th e C o n f d e rat es w h o w ere att em pti n g

.
e

to fly t o w ard U n i on City T h e se w ere j o i n e d at T ip to n v ill e th at n ight by

.

m an y fu gitiv es fro m I sl an d N u m b e r T e n T h e w ild e st c on fusi on p re v ai l e d

‘

T h e y w e re d riv e n to th e s w am p s by P o p e s
’
am o n g th e m .

fig?23
'
8 “h em m e d
adv an ci n g fo rc es an d at fo u r o cl o ck in th e m o rn i n g
’ ’
, , ,

in on al l sid es an d fi n din g it i m p ossibl e to esc ap e th e y su r

,
‘

,
 CAP T URE or I SLA ND NUM BER T EN .
247

arm s, an d
'

re n d e re d un con diti on ally l aid d ow n th e ir re e c iv e d ea ch h is

,

p aro l e .

At alm ost th e sam e h our C om m od o re F oo t e re c e iv ed a fl ag of t ru c e ,

‘

from Isl an d N u m b er T e n w ith a n ofl e r to su rren d e r th e is l an d to h im , .

Up to th at ti m e th e C on fe de rat e s on th e i sl an d h ad b een ig n oran t of

,

th e di sast er th at Walk e an d Po p e h ad i n flict e d u p on th e i r fri en d s b e l o w ,

a n d th o se w h o h ad fl e d in that dire cti on e xp e ct e d to fi n d sh e lt e r b ehi n d

‘

th e b att e ri es n e ar T ipt on vill e T h e re h ad b e en g rav e d o u bt s in th e .

m i n d s of th e c om m an d e rs o n th e i sl an d c on c e rn i n g th e i r ability
“
to h o ld it e v e r si n c e th e Caron del et ran
,
th e bl o ck ad e an d ,

B eau re g ard s q u ick p erc e pti on s w e re sati sfi e d th at th e si eg e

’

m us t soon e n d in di sast er an d p e 1 h ap s di sg rac e S o o n th e m orn i n g afi e r .

“
,

th e p assage o f th at v esse l h e t u rn e d o v e r th e c om m an d o n
A p il 5
,
r
th e is l an d to G e n e ral Mc C al l l e avi n g Mc C o w n in ch arg e o f th e
.

tro op s on th e T en n e ssee an d K e n t u cky sh o re s an d w ith a c o n s ide i ab le , ,

b ody of th e b e st t roop s d e p art e d fo r C orin th in U pp e 1 Mi ssi ssippi t he re to

, , ,

p re p are to ch e ck a fo rm id abl e m m e m c n t of th e N ati o n al s to w a1 d Al ab am a

an d Missi ssippi by w ay o f Middle T en n esse e an d th e T e n n e sse e Riv e r w hich
, ,

w e shall c o n sid e r p re sen tly .

O n assu m i n g c o m m an d Mc C al l i ssu e d a fl am i n g o rd e r an n o u n ci n g it an d
, ,
‘

w ithi n thi rty s ix h o u rs aft e rw ard h e too s ati sfi e d o f i m m i n e n t d an g er

-

, , ,

o rd e re d h is i n fan t ry an d St e w art s b att e ry to th e T e n n e sse e sh o re in a p osi

’
,

ti o n fav o rabl e to esc ap e l e av in g on ly th e artill e ri sts o n th e i sl an d T h e l att e r

, .

'

w as th e fo rce th at o fl e re d to su rre n d e r to F oo t e an d th e e n ti re n u m b e r o f ,

h is p ri so n e rs w as o n ly se v e n t ee n o ffic e rs th ree h u n d re d an d sixty e ight p ri ,

-

v at e so ldi e rs fo u r h u n d re d sick an d o n e h u n d re d m e n e m pl o y e d on th e C o n
, ,

fed e rate v es se l s T h e n u m b e r o f p ri son e rs t ak e n by Po pe an d F oo t e t o g e th e r

.

w as se v e n th o u san d tw o h u n d re d an d
11 t
y th re e -
i n cl u di n g th ree
,
g e n e ral s

an d c om p an y offic e rs T h e sp oil s o f v ic .

to ry w ere n e arly twe n t} b att e ri e s w ith r

,

o n e h u n d re d an d t w e n ty th re e c an n on an d -

’
m ort ars th e form er v aryi n g fro m 32 to
,

l oo p ou n d e rs ; se v e n th o u san d sm all arm s ;

- “ “ m m mu m on ! 0 m .

an im m en se am o u n t o f am m u n iti on on th e i slan d an d in m ag azi n es at p oi n t s

c py f th d w hich w a f d at th C f d t h d q t
T h e fol lo w in g is a o o e or th i l
er d s oun e on e era e ea -
uar e rs o n e s an

B on s—W us et g c mm d d c m m and d
e are s ran ach t th
e rs, th L t m t ll y
o w h I am
an e r an o e e o e o e r. e e e ou o
—
.
,

I am a g al mad by B
ene r g a d ag ale l c t d by B eau rega d d B agg f thi c m m d w h th y
r e ne r se e e e aure r an r or s o an ,
en e

k w i t wa i p iL T h y hav k w m f t w ty y a ; t g th w h av t d th fi l d f M xic
ne s n er e e no n e or en e rs o e er e e s oo on e e s o e o .

G iv th m y c fid c w ; giv it t m w h I h v e d t e o ur on en e no e o e en a e e arn e 1 .

S l d i 1 th Mi i ippi v all y i i t t d t y c g t y o ers e ss ss e s n ru s e o ou r ou ra e, o o ur

d i cipli t y pati c E xhibit th vigil a c a d c l s f h n e, o ou r en e . e n e n oo n e ss o is

ight a d h l d i t n n o .
"

Am g th m ta th i la d w a a ci t al d y ll d l on e or rs on e s n s n an en on e, rea a u e -

t m ad f b z a d b i g th am f G g th S c d f E gl a d
o, e o ro n e n e ar n e n e o eo r e e e on o n n .

w hich fa t d cl d th t i t wa m th h d d y a ld I t w
q
c e are a s o re an o n e un re e rs o . as

f m ly i Jack S N w O l a wh i t w a ga d d a a p
or er n so n u are , e r e n s, e re s re r e s re

i t phy it h vi g b capt d by th A m ica f m th B i ti h

c ou s ro , a n e en ure e er ns ro e
“
r s

d i g th b ttl a th t city t th cl f 1 8 14 d th b gi i g f
ur n e a e ne r a ,
a e ose o an e e nn n o
,

1 81 5 Ma y f th ca f m th N vy Y a d at N f lk
a c nI O B xs n r
89 7 v l m 1
RT A .
w
,
S.
pag
o u
n

e
o

.
e n n on ere ro e a r or o . ee e
 EFFECT or THE VI CT ORY .

'

alon g th e Ken tu cky an d T en n essee sh ore s ; m an y h u n dred h orses an d m al es

w ith w ag on s et ce t e ra an d fou r st e am ers afl oat
, ,
.

N e v er w as a victo ry m ore co m pl e t e an d d e ci siv e for v e ry fe w m en ‘

esc ap e d an d v e ry littl e p ro pe rty w as d est ro y e d D u ri n g th e w h o l e o f h is .

‘

o p e rati o n s in th e si e g e P o pe did ,

n o t l o se a m an n or m e e t w i th an ,

accid e n t ; an d th e c as ualti e s in

th e fl ee t w e re v e ry fe w T h ere .

did n o t see m to b e e vid en c e of

m u ch l oss o f lif e on th e p art of
the C on fe d e rat es ; b u t e v e ry
w h e re fro m Be au re g ard s an d ,
’

Mc C al l s h e ad q u art e rs on th e ’
-

i sl an d to th e sm all e st t en t th ere ,

w e re p roo fs o f th e g re at e st h ast e

q
in l e avi n g A m on g o th er th in g s .

fo un d at h e ad u art ers w as a -

b u n dl e o f i m po rt an t oflic ial p a
pe rs on e o f th e m c on t ai n i n g a ,

d raw i n g o f F ort Pill o w 0 11 th e

riv e r b e l o w .

T h e vic tory at I sl an d N u m be r
T e n p ro d u c e d th e m ost p ro fo un d
se n sati o n th rou gh ou t th e e n ti re
re p u blic Its i m p ort an c e to e ach .

M O F O P E O N S PO P A
AP rus R AT I ! ND
p arty in th e c o n flict c o u ld sc arc e ly
b e e sti ma te d T h e an n o un ce m e n t o f it w en t o v e r th e l an d si m u lt an eo u sly
.

w ith th at of th e h ard w on tri um ph at Shil o h on th e T e n n e ss e

e
-

R iv e r w hich w e sh all c on side r p re se n tly an d w as foll o w ed a fe w

,
‘
, ,

d ay s aft e rw ard by th at o f th e c ap tu re o f F o rt P u l aski at th e

, ,

m ou th o f th e S av an n ah Riv e r E v e ry l oy al h e art w as fill e d w ith jo y an d

.

h ope an d G o v e rnm e n t se c u riti e s w hich

, ,

w e re at tw oan d a h alf an d th ree p e r

c e n t b e l o w p ar i m me di at e ly c o m
.
,

m an de d a p re m i u m T h e C o n fe d e rate s .

al m ost d e sp ai re d It w as p robabl e .

th at M em phi s on e o f th e i r stron gh old s

,

o n th e Mi ssi ssippi w h e re th e y h ad im ,

men s e WO I kS h O p S an d arm ori e s w ou ld

’
“ Q U
’
N m CO NF E RB A T E B A D- A RT ERS , IS L A D .

soo n sh are th e fat e o f C o l u m b u s It w as p ro b abl e th at th e g re at riv e r w o u ld

.

sp ee dily b e p atro ll e d fro m C ai ro to N e w O rl e an s b y th e al m o st i n vi n cibl e

arm ore d v e sse l s o f th e G o v e rn m e n t an d th e rich su pply c o u n t ry w e st o f th at ,

-

st re am b e se p arat e d fro m th e rest o f th e c o n fe d e racy T h e y al so app ro .

h e n d e d th at th e g reat li n e of rail way ru n n i n g al m o st p arall e l w ith th e Mi ssi s

sippi b e t w ee n S o u th w e st e rn T e n n e sse e an d N e w O rl e an s w o u ld b e se iz e d
, ,

1 Th e v al ue of th e a p tnre d p m perty was

'

esti ma t e d at o v er a m illi o n of d ll
o ars . T he t
s e am e rs th at w e re

su n kw e re i dM ly ra se .

Th fi gu e th i m p f
re s on s a re e r to th e n umb s er of th e i la d
s n s
.

i thi li ttl picture i see

n s e s p
n s re re se n tation of on e of th e
“pla t ti b l l
n a on e s th t B a e au re ga d call d f
r e or
 T HE C O NFED ERAT ES ALARMED .

by N ati on al troop s Pan ic e v ery w h e re p re v ai le d al on g th e

. of
“F ath e r
Wate rs b e l ow Isl an d N um be r T e n M arti al l aw w as p ro cl ai m ed in Mem .

phis an d th e spe ci e of th e b an ks th e re w as re m o v e d to pl ac e s of su pp osed

,

safe ty M an y i n h abit an t s fl e d ; an d th e t ro op s th at g u ard e d th e city an d

.
,

se ce ssi o n i st s th at re m ain e d p rop ose d to l ay it in ash e s if it c o uld n ot be ,

sa v e d fro m
“ n o rth ern i n v ad e rs b u t th e m ay or som e w h at all ay e d th e
n ic c au se d by thi s re osition by p u b l icl y p ro cl ai m i n g
“
p a p p ( n o t as m agi s

trate
”
h e said “ b u t as J oh n “
th at h e w h o att e m pt e d to fi re h is
, ,

n e ighbo r s h o u se o r e v en h is ow n w h e re by it e n d an g e rs h is n e ighb o r s
’ ’
, , ,

re ardl e ss of j u dg e j u ry o r th e b e n e fit of cl e rgy I w ill h av e h im h un g to

g , , ,
”
th e fi rst l am p p o st t re e o r aw n in g -
, ,
.

T h e di s l o y al in h abit an t s o f N e w O rl e an s w e re al so fill e d w ith th e m ost

dread f ul app re h e n sio n s T h e G o v e rn or of L ou i si an a (Moore ) w h o h ad b ee n
.
,

chie fl y i n st ru m e n t al in th at St at e in b rin gi n g on th e w ar i ssu ed a desp ai ri n g ,

w hil e in R ichm o n d th e h e ad q u art e rs o f th e c on spi ra

1
app al to th e p eo pl e ;
e
,
-

tors th e m o st gl oo m y app re h e n si on s w e re e n t ert ai n e d by th e m an d by th e

,

disl o y al in h abi tan t s “ T h e t re pid ati on s an d m u rm u ri n g s th e c ro aki n g s an d

.
,

m h es in s o f d oo m th at h av e po sse sse d m an y o f th e citiz e n s o f Rich

p p y g
”
m on d d u ri n g th e p ast w e e k w ro t e a re sid e n t o f th at city w o u ld b e e n ou gh
, ,

to m ak e u s d e sp ai r o f th e re p u blic if w e c o u ld su pp o se th e m asses of th e ,
”2
peo pl e of th e C on fe d e rat e S tat e s w e re e q u ally ti m o ro u s an d irre so l utc .

T h e re w e re re aso n s fo r d esp o n d e n cy fo r u p on e v e ry b re e z e o f in te ll i ,

en c e fro m th e We st fo r se v e ral w ee k s p re c e di n g w e re b orn e to R ich m on d

g , ,

6 M D J U NC O N TI , SS
MI S I S I P P I .

tidi n g s of disas te r to th e C on fe d e rate c au se T h e re w ere d e sp e rat e reason s .

w h y th e m o st vig o ro u s e ffo rt s sh ou ld b e p u t forth to st ay th e so u th e rn m arch

o f th e N ati on al s ; an d c on sc ripti on s an d i m p re ssm e n t s w e re c o m m e n c e d .

“T hi s is n otth e h id M
ou r N
f or t vv ai f nh i tati
re g t
A
re s or d p d cy
es on en ,
”
sa oore . o, n o e en or es on . n

i l t a d p w f l f i al ad y t th a tl gat T h c
nso e n n o er u oe t f th m ighty iv p k t
s re a f hi fl t e c s e e. e urre n o e r er s e a s o us o s ee s

ad va ci g f d t cti a d th t l g aph w i t m bl w ith th w f h i d v ci g c l m i

o r ou r e s ru n re s e e ne s o s a an n o u ns n
n n on , e e e r re .

th e nam ral l m t d a t
e o I t at y t g d m t h im B t th w a littl d i p iti t m ply
os e r o us, e n re ou o o an ee .
”
u e re s e s os on o co

w ith th G v m t wi h Wh a l tt f m G l B a ga d w hich h t by h i S g G en
’
e o e rn en s s es en e er ro e n e ra e ure r e se n s ur eon -
.
,

eral D
,
Ch ppi (
r. t 3 pag
o m ki g a
n see n o e
g t d ma d f N w O l a t
,
de t p t h im a n n ur en e n or e r e ns o se n ro o s o

ad by t S u g t th Fi t an d S o d City B igad wh w
at c
on
“ t av th city
e, a d it w
o s e h e
”
n as re e r eo n o e rs ec n r e s, o e re
,

ll d th i ply w “W d cli t g ”
ca e tou ,
as e r re e e ne o o
.

R ich m d c po d t f th M mp h i Ap p al
on orre s n en o e e s e .
 N A TI O N AL m oors
“

25 0 IN AR KAN S AS .

J ack son in T en n essee an d G ran d J un cti on on th e sou th ern b ord er of th at

, , ,
‘

St at e ; C ori n th in Mi ssi ssipp i an d D e c at ur in Al ab am a al l of th em al on g

, , , ,

th e li n e of th e Ch arl est on an d M em phi s R ail w ay th at st re tch e s from th e ,

Missi ssippi to th e Atl an tic se ab o ard— w e re m ad e pl ac e s for th e re n d e zv ou s

of t roo p s from L o u i si an a Mi ssi ssippi an d Al ab am a A n d w hil e J o h n st on
, ,
.

w as fl ee i n g so u th w ard b e fo re th e fo ll o w e rs of th e e n e rg etic Mitch e l to j o i n ,

h is forc e s to th o se of B e au re g ard th e l att e r w as g ath e rin g an arm y at ,

C orin th to c on fron t a m ost se ri ou s m o v e m e n t o f th e N ati on al s u p th e T e n

.

n essee Riv e r al re ady all u d e d to ,

.

Whil e G ran t an d F o ot e w e re p u lli ng d o w n th e stron gh o ld s of re b ell i on

in Middl e T e n n e ssee an d Weste rn K en tu cky th e N ati o n al t roo p s u n d e r , ,

G e n e ral s C u rti s Sig e l an d o th e rs , , ,

w e re c arryi n g th e st an d ard o f th e
R e p u blic in t ri u m ph i n t o A rk an sas , ,

in th e g ran d m o v e m e n t d o w n th e
Mi ssis sippi V all e y t o w ard th e G u l f .

We hav e ob se rv e d h o w Pric e w as ex
e l l e d fro m Mi ssou ri an d d riv en in to
p
A rk an sas He w as cl ose ly foll ow e d .

by th e N ati on al fo rc es u n d er th e
chi e f c o m m an d of G e n eral S am u e l R .

C u rti s o f I o w a w h o c rosse d th e l i n e , ,

o n th e 1 8 th o f F e b ru ary h is t roo p s ,

ch e e ri n g w i th d e light as th e y saw th e
ol d fla w avi n g in t ri u m ph o v e r th e
g
soil o f an o th e r o f th e so c all e d C o n -

W M
fe d e rate St at e s
I
O n th e sam e d a
T IS . y .
,

G en e ral Halle ck sen t a th rill of joy

to e v e ry l o y al h e art by t e l e g raphi n g to G en eral Mc C l e l l an
“ T h e fl ag of
, ,

th e U n i on is fl o ati n g in A rk an sas T h e arm y o f th e S o u th w e st is .

”
d o i n g its d uty n obly .

C u rti s p u sh e d o n n ot w ith st an di n g his e fl e c tiv e fighti n g fo rc e w as co n

'

tin u al l y di m i n i shi n g by th e pl an ti n g of g u ard s al o n g h is e xt e n d e d li n e of

,

c om m u n ic ati o n w i th h is so u rc e s of su pply an d re e n forc e m e n t s He c apt u re d -

.

h e re an d th e re sq u ad s o f Mi ssou ri re c ru it s for P ric e s arm y ; fo u ght th e h alt~ ’

in g C o n fe d e rat e s at th e st ron g p o siti o n s o f S u g ar C reek th e C ross Ho ll o w s ,

’
,

an d o th e r pl ac es in m o u n t ai n defi l e s ; an d h is c av al ry p e n e t rat e d as far as

F ay e tt e vill e th e c apit al o f Washi n gt on C ou n ty n e ar th e n orth w e st e rn b ord er

, ,

o f th e St at e T h e C o n fed e rate s fl e d so h astily from C ross Ho ll o w s th at th e y

.

l ef t be hi n d th em th e i r sick an d w ou n d ed an d st ore s th at th e y c o u ld n ot t ak e ,

aw ay T h e y b u rn e d th e i r e xt en siv e b arrack s th e re l e ft p o is on e d p ro v i si on s
.
,

G d J cti
ran v y i m p ta t p i t b i g at th j cti f th Ch l t a d M m phi R ail
un on w as a er or n o n , e n e un on o e ar es on n e s

w ay a d th
‘

n il w ay f m N w O l a t Jack i T
e ra ro I tw a
e ly ab t tw m il
r e th wa d f th
ns o so n , n e n nesse e . s on ou o es n or r o e

S tat f Mi i ippi D i g all th ti m th t th C f d t h l d th at cti f th c t y G d J cti

e o ss ss . ur n e e a e on e era e s e se on o e oun r ,
ran un on

w a th
‘
s c f l g gath
e s e ne o f t p S p g 348 v l m I
ar e e ri n gs o roo s. ee a e ,
o u e .

H 9 th 20th
e re, o n f F b ay me f C ti h y d C l l E lli
o e ru r d M j M C
, so ll e o ur ss es t u ,
un er o o ur
-
s, an a ors c o nne ,

W ight d B liv a m a d a d p t cha g

r , an o a b igad
r, f Le i i i s d C l lH b t T
es e ra e gi r e on r e o o u s an an , un er o o ne u er . a o re

m t fi f t
en s o d C l l Ph lp a d H
n an ry , un a d Capt i
er oH yd wi th h i D b q
one s B tt y f ll w d
e s n ero n , n a n a en, s u u ue a er ,
o o e

i pp t f th N ti l c av al y T h w a a h p b t h t fight a d th C fed at w d i p sed

n su or o e a o na r . ere s s ar u s or , n e on er es e re s er .

Th l e f th Nati al w a
oss o e i t e kill d a d w d ed
on s s n ne e n , e n oun .
 ATHERIN G or C O NFEDERATE F ORCES 251
‘

G .

in th e p ath w ay of th e i r fl igh t, ttin g fi re to C on fe d erat e st ore s an d 1

an d, se

b uil din g s at F ay e tt e vill e w h en th e y l e ft it w en t ov er th e ran g e of hill s ,

kn ow n as th e B ost on M o un t ain s in m u ch c on fu si on T hi s m arch of th e ,

.

N ati on al s w as on e of th e m ost e xt raordi n ary of th e w ar T h e lit tl e arm y N

.

h ad m o v e d at th e rat e of t w en ty m il es a day often fighti n g an d e n d uri n g , ,

g re at p riv ati on s from i n cl em en t w e ath e r an d i n suffici en t food .

G e n e ral Pric e m e an w hil e h ad be en j o i n e d by B en Mc C u l loch w ith

, , ,

T e x as L o u i si an a an d A rk an sas t roop s an d h is fo rc e h ad b e c om e fu lly e q u al

, , ,

in n u m b e rs to th at of C u rti s T h e l att er gl an ci n g b ack o v er h is l on g li n e

.
,

o f c om m u n ic ati o n s an d refl e cti n g on th e fact th at h is t roop s h ad b e e n sub

,

s isti n g m ostly u p on w h at h ad b e e n t ak en from th e C o n fe d e rat e s sin c e h e h ad

e n t e re d A rk an sas c on sid e re d it p ru d en t to ret rac e h is st ep s an d t ak e a

, ,

st ro n g e r p osi ti o n n e arer th e Mi ssou ri b o rd e r He acc o rdi n gly fe ll b ack fro m .

F ay e tt e vill e to S u g ar C reek n ot f ar from B en t on vill e th e c apit al of B en to n , ,

C o u n ty A rk an sas O n th e l st o f M arch h e i ssu e d an add re ss to th e in h abi

,
.

t an t s of A rk an sas w h o h ad fl e d from th e i r h om e s on h is app roach to re m o v e

, ,

from th e i r m i n d s th e fal se i m p re ssi o n s w hich th e C on fe d erates h ad giv en th e m

o f th e ch aract e r o f h is arm y an d th e o bj e ct o f its p re se n c e in th e i r St at e He .

assu re d al l p e ac e abl e citiz e n s o f safe ty an d p ro t e cti o n in p e r on an d p rop e rty s

,

an d h e c all e d u p o n th e d e l u d e d o n e s w h o h ad t ak en u p arm s to l ay th e m

d o w n at o n c e an d t ak e an o ath o f all egi anc e to th e i r c o m m on c o u n try .

C u rti s did n o t w ait for a res p on se to his fri e n dly co m m u n ic ati on He .

w as aw are th at h is fo e w as rapidly i n c re asi n g in n u m b ers an d b e hi n d th e ,

s h e lt e ri n g hill s w as p re p ari n g to strike a h eavy bl o w S u dd en ly c am e th e .

s ta rtli n g i n t e llig e n c e th at Pric e

an d Mc C u l l o c h h ad b ee n j o i n ed
b y G e n e ral E arl Van
Ma h fi ‘
rc
D orn o n e o f th e m ost
,
‘

1 802 .
,

dash in g an d e n e rg e tic of
th e C on fe d e rat e o ffic e rs w h o h ad
“
,

l at ely b e e n app o i n t e d ‘
J 29 an . .

co m m an d e r of th e T ran s
Mi ssi ssippi D ep art m e n t al so by

G e n eral Alb ert Pik e at th e h e ad ,

of a c o n s id e rabl e b o dy o f h alf civi -

l iz e d I n di an s m aki n g th e w h o l e ,

C o n fe d e rat e fo rc e i n cl u di n g l arge ,

n u m b ers of A rk an sas c om p u l sory

re c ru it s ab o u t t w e n ty fi v e th ou san d
,
-

‘
st ron g T h ese w e re in an d n e ar
.
V M I A RL AN DO .

B ost on M ou n t ai n s at th e b e gi n n i n g
o f M arch Van D orn th e sen i or o flic er w as in chi e f c om m an d an d h e w as
.
, , ,

1 T h y l ft p
e e o iso n e d p vi i pl c call d M
ro s o n s at a a e e ud T ow n , of w hich f ty tw f th ffic
or - d l di
o o e o e rs an so e rs

of th e F ifth Mi sso u r i c v l y p t k S v l f th
a a r ar oo . e e ra o e m di d
e , an d a ll ff d m ch l l ll k d i p tch t
su e re u .
- a ee
‘
s s a o

McC l e l lan Feb , . 27, 1 86 2 .

7 He h ad c om e f
ro m R ich m on d w i th i t cti n s ru on s f ro m Da vi s to tp
s o th e m ar ch of th e N ati on al t ro o p s

sou th w d ar .

S pag 475 v l m I
ee e , o u e .

A k r L i ia a a d T xa t p d M C
an sas. ou s n ,
n e s roo s un er c ul loc h, Ch ctaw Ch k Ch ick wo ,
e ro e e, asa , an d o th er

In d i with tw w hit gi m t d P ik b t
an s, o e re en s un er e, a o u an d Mi i t ps d P ic ab t
sso ur roo un er r e. ou
 25 2 VAN D O RN I N T HE C O NFEDERATE CAM P .

ra llyin g th e Who le C onf e d erat e arm y in th at q u art er to d riv e C urti s b ack i n to ,

M issou ri T h e forc es o f th e l att er o f all arm s did n ot at th at ti m e e x ce e d

.
, ,

e l e v e n tho usan d m en w ith fo rty n i n e pi e c e s o f artil l e ry in cl u di n g a m ou n tai n -

, ,

h o w i tzer S atisfi e d th at h e m u st soo n fi gh t a g re atly su p e ri or forc e b e

.
'

at o n c e p re p are d fo r th e e n c o u n t e r by so arran gi n g h is t roo p s as b est to

p resen t a st ron g fron t to th e foe from w h at e v er p o i n t h e m igh t app roach .

His h ead q u arte rs w e re n ear C ross Ho ll o w s o n th e m ain road an d t e l eg raph

-
,

l i n e from F ay e tt e vill e to Sp ri n gfi e ld .
‘

T h e ad v e n t o f G en e ral Van D orn in th e C on fe d e rat e c am p w as a c au se

for g reat rej o ici n g F o rty h e avy g u n s th u n d e re d a w elc om e an d th e chi e f .
,
’
h aran g u e d h is t roo p s in a b o astfu l an d g ran dil oq u e n t styl e F o r th e p u r .

p os e o f e n c o u ragin g th e pe o pl e to t ak e u p arm s h e c au se d t e l e g raphic dis ,

p atch es to b e p u blish e d fal se ly p ro cl ai m i n g a g re at b attl e at C o l u m b u s in , ,

w hich th e N ati on al s h ad l ost th ree gu n bo ats an d t w e n ty th o u san d m en ; an d -

h e to l d h is d u p e s th at th e w ay w as n o w o p e n e d to d riv e th e in v ad e rs from
th e so il o f A rka n sas an d giv e a fi n al an d s u cce ssful bl o w fo r a So u th e r n C on ,

fe de racy Van D orn s p re li m i n ari e s w e re fo ll o w e d b y vigo ro u s m e asu re s

.
3 ’
.

T w o d ay s afte rw ard h is troo p s w e re in m o ti on fo r offe n siv e acti o n an d an i ,

m ate d by a fu ll e xp e ct ati o n o f g ai n in g a v ict o ry w h e n e v e r th e y sh o u ld m ee t

th e N atio n al s .

T he f ll w i g
o o n w as th e d i p i ti
s os on of th e Nati onal M h Th F i t a d S c d f c
or e s on th e 4th of arc . e rs n e on

D i vi i d G al Si g l a d C l
s o n s, un er e n er e n o on e l A b th w at C p fa m a Osag Sp i g f m il
s o , ere oo er s
‘
r , ne r e r n s, o ur es

so u th w t f B t vill th apital f B
es o en on e, e c o en on t C ty d g al d t m
oun ,
dt S g C k
un er e ne r or e rs o o ve ro u n o u ar re e ,

ab t f t m il a tw a d T h T hi d
ou ou r e en es e s r . e r D i i i on
v s d G al J ff . 0 Davi ( cti g m j
un g al )
er e ne r e e rso n . s a n a o r- en er ,

w a atS ug
s C k ; a d th F th D ivi i
ar re e n e o ur s on, un d C l l E A Ca (acti g b igad i g m l ) w
er o on e Cross . . rr n r e r- e ne , as n ear

H ll w o b t t w lv m il f m S ga C
o s, a o u e e es ro u r ree k La g d tach m t w
. r e tf f ag d i f m ti
e d en s e re o u or or e an n o r a on, u n er

C l
,
o on e lV d . Maj C ad a d th
un e v e r, or o nr , n o e rs, a dn m f th m w
so t d i stan t t gag i th battl th at
e o e e re oo o en e n e e

s p d ily
ee d e n sue .
‘

“S l d i h c i d “b h l d y l ad ! H c m t h w y th way t gl y a d i m m ta l
o e rs,
”
e re ,
e o o ur e er e o es o s o ou e o or n or

d esp t at Wa hi gt w h ig
q
re n o w H c m t h l back th m i i
n . e of th es o ur c lic ti e n on s o e o s s n o n, ose no ran e . en o us n e ss ,

a d b
n talityru al d ly by th i c av at
are e Th y c m t f
u y e l av l y w t y pl a ta
on e r r en n u re s. e o e o re e o ur s es, a as e ou r n

ti b y vill g a d b y l vi g w iv a d b tif l d ght

o n s, urn o ur a e s, Va D nh ad t f th
a use o ur o n es n e au u au e rs.
”
n o rn se n or a

cha act i tic dd t th y g m f A k a T x a d N h L i iana

r er s a re ss o W h v v t dt b
e o un en o r an s s, e as, n o rt e rn ou s .
”
e a e o e o e

fre e, h
”
i d W m t w fight t b f
e sa . p t t th w l d th h m iliati g p cta cl f a ati
e us no f o e ree , or re se n o e or e u n s e e o n o n o

b agga t m c t m ptibl th th ty a t w h
r r s, o re kt l v
on e T h fl ag f c t y i w vi g th
e an e r n s o se e o e ns a e us . e o o ur oun r s a n on e

sou th b d e rn f Mi i — pl t d th by m y h d
or e rs o d th ity f m chi f m agi t t I t p
sso ur an e e re an s, u n e r au or ro o ur e s ra e. re re

t l l th t i d t i lif S hall it w av th i m l ch ly l li
se n s a a s e ar o a a fa ll l
us fi
n p im v l
e . e e re n e an o o ne ne ss, s ea n our r e a

f t
o re s s, o r s h ll it b a tif l fi l d a d b ight t fl a t i th b z v th b ight battali
a s e u u f A k
e a f n r s ars un n e ree e o er e r on s o r an s s, o

T xae d f L
s, an ii a th y o m h li g t d b attl w ith Mi
o u s an a, i f vict y f h s a d f e i d are ars a n o o e sso u r or or ,
or o n or, n or n e

p d en ? Aw ak
e nc e y gm f A k a a d a m ! B a tif l m ai d
e, s f L i i aa m il
ou n t p en oth r an s s, n r e u u en o ou s n , s e no u on e

c av y th w h may li g by y h a th w h th d bl a t f w a i
r en ou o di g i y
n a
er ! T x a chi v o ur e r en e ru e s o r s so u n n n o ur e rs e s

ai y t a m ! H d hip
r , o r dh g d i sease a d d ath a p f abl t l vi h bj gati a d a ti wi th
s ar s s an un e r, n e re re e r e o s a s su u on n na on

a b ight p g i
r hi t y a d a gl i
a e pit ph i b tt tha a a al d la d w i th h
n s or n l t an d a p pl k or o us e a s e er n v ss c n on or os , eo e su n

i i fam y
”
n n .

G al C ti e n erc d p t t G al Hall ck ur
‘
s s se on re or o e ne r e .

Th e fo ll wi
o ng l C i my th i ti m
w as th e co m
pos iti f G on o en e ra urt s s ar
’
at s e

Fi Di i i rst mm d d v s o n , co JOt h i t d f h Th i ty i th I lli

an e b y C l lP t
i T l h d S v t th Mi i
o one e er s er aus , co n s s e o t e r -s x n o s, w e ft an e en e e n ssou r , n

i ; h T y fi f h d T ty f th Illi i d C l l C l
.

b tt l i
a a f h T h i d Mi
on o t e r ssou r t e b tt l i f I l ll l
w en t vly
- t an w en - o ur n o s, u n er o on e o cr tw o a a o ns o no s ca a r

t d C l lG w l
,

andb t i A dB l g
a ter e s Th w an l b ig d f tw e gi m i 0 u n s. ere as a so a r a e o to o re en s u n er o on e ro

d d by C l l ( i g B i di G l ) A b h i d f b ig d h fi t mm d d b y
.
,
'

17 d Li i
a « mm an r n on co an e o on e ac t n r ga er e n e ra s ot c o ns s tc o tw o r a es , t e rs co an e

C l l S h fl d m p d f h S d Mi i d S d O h B tt y s g t C h pm T h S d
.
,

Li t
'

o ne c ac er, an co o se do te econ sso u r an eco n io a er u n s, u n er e u e n an a an . e eco n

C l l J li w m p d f th Fi f th Mi i h S i th d b t li f h F h Mi i v l y d flyi g
o
,

B igr ad e , o on e o e t, as co o se o e teen sso u r t e x an n a ta on o t e ou rt ssou r ca a r an n n

b tt y f d g
u er o d C pt i El b t Th w divi i w mm d d by G l S ig l
n x u ns, u n er a a n er ose t o s ons e re co an e e nera e

B ig d i G l J C D vi d f th E igh th Eigh t
. .

fl fl i d D c i d e tvu ou, u n i d f b ig d
er h fi t
r mp a er- th d
e ne ra a s, con s s te o tw o r a es ; t e rs co ose o e ee n an

d by C l
. . , ,

T w ty en d I di -
seco n
; d I di b tt y f i g
n an a mm an an l B t Th n d mm
an a d d by C l
a l
er o sx u ns w as co an de o on e ar on. e secon co an e o ou i

th I lli i d N i th Mi i d h F t Mi i v l y i h b t y f f g m
,

Wh it w e,mp d f h Thi y m
as co ose o t e rt -
on no s an n sso u r an t e irs ssou r ca a r w t a a te r o ou r u

C l l Eg A C C l l D dg
.
, ,

Ti F h Di i i
c d
ou rt v a on , u n mp d f b ri d er Th fi t d
o on e it : f h
u en e arr, w as co ose o tw o ga e s. e rs un er o o ne o e, c on s s n o te

F th I T h i y fi ft Illi i d I w b t y d C pt i J T h S d B ig d d C l l V d
.
,

i T h i d Illi i C v l y d D b qb t y I i g
o ur o w a, rt h n o s, an an o m a u te r un er a a n on es. e econ r a e, u n er o on e sn e r er, w as co

d f h N i th I C p i H yd T h
-

pose o t T e fi h Mi n ow a, w en ty - l t d ssou r r no s a a r an n u u ue at er s x u ns u n er a ta n a en e re

C pt i S
.
, ,

were l b t li
a so f h Th i d I w v l y d C p t i R m d b tt y f f m t i h w it
tw o a ta o ns o t e r o d a ca a r un e r a a n o sa un a a er o o ur o un a n o zers u n er a a n te v e ns,

th twa tb i g d d
ere no Th w l rb tt lia e f v l y d Mj
. Bw ti g G l C ti b dy g d
e re as a so s a a on o ca a r un e r a or o en
,
ac n a en era ur s s
’
o uar .
 P O S ITI ON or T HE NATI O NAL .
TR OO PS .
25 3

“
T h e m orn i n g of th e oth (w h en Van D orn m o v e d ) w as bl ust ery ,
an d sn ow

c o v e re d g ro un d C urti s w as u n su spici ou s of th e m ov e m en t s
th e .

Ma ch 1 862 .

0 r , .

o f h is e n e m y u n til tw o o cl ock in th e aft e rn o o n w h e n s c o u t s an d

’
.

fu gitiv e ci tizen s c am e h urryi n g to h is t en t in w hich h e w as writi n g w ith th e , ,

st artli n g i n t e llig e n c e th at th e C o n fe d e rat e s w e re app ro achi n g in l arg e fo rc e

fro m th e di re cti o n of F ay e tt e vill e th at th e i r artill e ry h ad al ready p asse d th at ,

pl ac e an d th at th e i r c aval ry w ould b e at El m Sp ri n g s n o t m ore th an twe l ve

, ,

m il e s fro m h e ad q u art e rs th at n ight C urti s at on c e d et erm i n e d to c o n ee n

-

t rat e h is fo rc e s in S u g ar C re e k V all e y n o t far from M ott svill e an d a sh ort , ,

dist an c e so u th o f Pe a Ridg e 3 po rti on o f a sp u r of th e O zark M o u n t ai n s on , ,

th e high w ay be t w e e n F ay e tte vill e an d Sp ri n gfi e ld w h ere th e re w as a g o o d ,

p o i n t fo r d e fe n se an d an ab un d an c e o f w at e r an d w h e re G e n e ral D avi s h ad ,

al re ady th ro w n u p i n t re n ch m e n ts
‘
He g av e o rd ers acc ordi n gly an d th ere .
, ,
‘
o n th e m o rn i n g o f th e 6 th o f M arch th e g re at e r p o rti on of h is ,

t ro o p s w e re g ath ere d e xc e pti n g th ose u n d e r G e n e ral Sig e l an d a ,

fe w w h o w e re v e t ab ro ad Sige l h ad m o v e d h is c am p fro m O sag e ‘

M ch 1 .

ar .

Sp ri n g s to a p o i n t n e are r B e n t on v ill e to se c u re a b e tt e r p os iti on ,

for o btai n i n g fo rag e He n o w fo u n d h is c o m m an d an d a t rai n of tw o h u n

.
,

d re d w ag on s pl ac e d in a p e ril ou s p ositi on b y Van D o rn s su dd e n an d u n e x

’

poote d adv an c e ; b u t as w e sh all ob se rv e p re se n tly h e e x tric ate d th em w ith

, ,

sm all l o ss .

Van D o m h ad m arch e d rapidly fro m h is c am p n e ar th e B ost o n M o u n t ai n s ,

in th e e dg e o f th e I n dian C o u n try ab o u t fifty mil es fro m Pe a Ri dg e ae c om

‘

, ,

a n ie d by G e n e ral s P ric e McC u l loc h Mc In tosh an d Pik e I n f orm e d of th e

p , , ,
.

s tre n g th o f C u rti s s p o siti o n in fro n t h e l e ft th e di re ct road at F ay e tt e vill e

’
, ,

an d m archi n g m o re w e st w ard th ro ugh B e n t o n vill e st ru ck th e high w ay n e ar

, ,

th e St at e li n e ab o u t e ight m il es n o rth o f S u g ar C ree k in th e rear of th e

.

, ,

N ati o n al s th e r b y as h e th ou ght cu tti n g off C u rti s s supp l i es an d re e n force

, e
, ,
’
-

m e n t s an d se c u ri n g h im an d h is arm y as c aptiv es
,
It w as w hil e h e w as on .

‘
th at m arch fro m F ay e tt evill e th at h is app ro ach w as m ad e k n o wn .

Ma h b ‘
rc
He e n c am p e d th at n ight at C ro ss IIo llo w s w hich C arr h ad l ef t;
.
’
,

an d Sig e l by a skillful m o v e m e n t ‘in se n d in g c av al ry to O sag e Sp ri n g s to

,

co v e r h is right fl an k safe ly c on d u ct e d h is train fro m Mc Kissic k s farm w e st

’