Fi

lip i
n o P o p u la r T a les .

C OLLE C TED AND ED I TED WI T H .

C OM PA RAT IVE NOTES .

B Y DEAN S F ANSLER , P H D . .

LANC ASTER . P A AN D NEW YO R K

PU B L I SH ED BY TH E AMERI CAN F O L K LO R E -
SO C I ETY .

G E Sm
. . n z nr 8: C o New You . Ag en ts .
 C
o pyri
g h t. 1 92 1 .
B y Tm : Am xm F onz-L ou Sca m .

g ht:
A 11 r i r es en d .

l 0?
"I t N“ ( M P R I NTU NO W WW
M u m l t l . P A.
1 93 1 .
 P RE F A C E .

TH E fol k -
n th i
ta l es i s volu m e, w h i
ch w er e coll ected i
n th e

l ippines
P hi du ring th e yea rs fr om 1 908 to 1 91 4 h a ve n ot a p ,

p ea r e d i n p r in t b ef ore T h e
. y a r e g iv e n t o th e publ ic n o w i
n

th e h ope th a t th ey w i ll b e n o m ea n or un in ter esting a ddition

to th e volu m es of O r i en ta l MZi r chen a l r ea dy i n ex i s ten ce . The
P hi l ippine a r ch ipel a g o from th e ver y n a tur e of its g eog r a ph ica l
,

p os it io n a n d it s p o l i
t ica l h i
s to r y c a nn o t b
, u t b e a s ig n ifi ca n t fi e ld to

th e s tuden t of po pul a r s tor i es L yi .ng a s it does a t th e ver y doors

o f Chi n a a n d J a pa n conn ected a s it is ethn ica lly w ith th e
,

M a l a ya n a n d India n civil iza tions O cciden ta l ized a s it h a s been

,

fo r th r ee cen tu r i es a n d m or e i t sta nd s a t th e j un cti

, on of Ea s t

a n d West It i
. s th er efor e fro m th i s po i n t of view th a t th ese
s h a ve been p u t i
ta l e n to a for m conven ien t for r efer en ce Th eir .

im por ta n ce con si s ts i n th ei r r el a ti on sh i p to th e body of w or ld

ficti on .

The l a n g u a g e i n w hi ch th ese s tor i es a r e p r esen ted i s th e

la ng u a g e i n w hi ch th ey w er e coll ected a n d w r i tten d ow n ,

E ng l i sh . P er h a ps n o a po log y i s r equ i r ed fo r n ot p r i n ting th e

v er n a cul a r h er ew i th ; n ever th el ess a n ex pl a n a ti on m i h
g t be
m a de . In th e firs t pl a ce th e obj ect in r ecor d in g th ese ta l es
,

h a s been a l i ter a r y on e n o t a l i
, ng u is tic on e In th e second pl a ce
.
,

th e nu m ber o f d i sti nctly d iffer en t l a n g u a g es r ep r esen ted by th e

ori g i n a l s m i g h t b e b a ffl in g ev en to th e r ea d e r in te r es te d i
n

lin g ui sti cs es peci

, a lly a s o u r m eth od of a ppr o a ch h a s been fr om

th e poi nt of view of cycl es o f s tor ies a n d n ot fr om th e p oin t o f

,

vi ew of th e sepa r a te tr i bes tell ing th em In th e th ir d pl a ce

.
,

th e for m of pr ose ta l es a m o ng th e F i l ip inos is n ot s ter eo typed ;

a n d th er e i s li kely to b e n o l ess va r ia tion betw een two Visa
y a n v e rs i o n s o f t h e sa m e s to r y o r b e t,w ee n a T a g a lo g a n d a

Vi sa ya n th a n between th e n a ti
, ve for m a n d th e E n g l i s h r end er

ing . C l ea r ly Spa n i s h w o uld n ot b e a better m ed i u m th a n

E ng l i s h : for to d a y th er e i
-
s m or e E n g l i s h th a n Sp a n i s h s p oken

in th e I s l a nd s ; bes i des Spa n ish n ever pen etr a ted in to the ver y
,

live s o f th e pea s a n ts a s En g l i , s h p en etr a tes to d a y by w a y o f

-

th e sch ool h ouse -

I h a ve end ea vor ed to offset th e d i
. s a d va n ta g es
vi P r efa ce .

of th e for eig n m ed iu m by j ud iciou s a n d pa in sta king d ir ection s

to m y i nfor m a n ts in th e w r iting d ow n of th e tal es O nly in
-
.

ver y r a r e ca ses w a s th er e a n y m od i fica tion of th e orig in a l ver

si on by th e tell er a s a co n cess i
, on to O cci den ta l s ta nd a r d s .

Wh a tever s ubs titu tion s I h a ve been a ble to detect I h a ve

r em oved . In pr a ctica lly ever y ca se n ot only to s h ow th a t ,

th ese a r e bon a fide n a ti ve s to r i es b u t a l so to i

, nd ica te th eir
g geo r a ph ic a l d is tri bu tio n I h a v e,g i
v e n th e n a m e o f th e n a rr a to r ,

hi s n a ti ve tow n a n d h i , s p r ovi n ce In m a ny ca ses I h a ve g iven

.
,

i n a dd i tion th e so u r ce o f h i
, s i nform a tion I a m fi r m ly con .

vi n ced th a t a l l th e ta l es r ecor d ed h er e r ep r esen t g enu i ne F il ip in o

tra d i ti on so fa r a s th e n a rra tors a r e con cer n ed a n d th a t n o th i ng ,
“
h a s been m a n u fa ctu r co n sci o u s ly .

“ ”
B u t w ha t i s n a tive a n d w h a t is d er ived
, Th e fo lk
l or e of th e w ild tr ibes Neg ritos B a g obos I g or o ts is in its
, ,

w a y n o m or e un con ta m in a ted th a n th a t of th e Ta g a l og s ,

P a m pa ng a n s Z a m ba l s P a n g a s i
, , n a n s Il oca n os B icol s a n d , , ,

Vi sa ya n s . The tr a d iti on s o f th ese C h r i s tia ni zed tr i bes p r esen t

a s s u r vi v a l s a d a p ta ti
, on s m od i fica tion s fully a s m a ny pu zzl in g
, ,

a n d f a sci n a ting problem s a s th e popul a r l ore o f th e P a g a n

p eo pl es I t s h ould b e r em em ber ed th a t n o m a tter h ow w ild
.
, ,

a n d s a va g e a n d i so l a ted a tr i be m a y b e it is im poss ible to p r ove ,

th a t th er e h a s bee n n o con ta ct of th a t tr i be w ith th e ou tside

ci vi l ized w or ld C onqu es t is n o t n ecess a r y to th e in tr odu ction
.

o f a s to r y or bel i ef The cr ew of a P o rtug u ese tr a d i

. n g vess el -

wi th a g en i a l n a rr a tor on bo a r d m i g h t c o n ce iv a bly b e a m u c h
m o r e s u ccess ful tr a n s m i tti n g m ed i u m th a n a th ou s a nd pra os
-

full o f br ow n w a rr iors com e to sta y C l ea r ly th e pr obl em of .

a n a lyz i n g a n d tr a cin g th e stor y l iter a tu r e of th e C h r is tia n ized

-

tr i bes d iffers only in d eg r ee from th a t connected w ith the P a g a n

tr i bes In th is volu m e I h a ve tr ea ted th e pr obl em en tir ely
.

fr om th e for m er poin t of view s in ce th ere ha s been h ith er to

,

a ten d en cy to n eg l ect a s o f s m a ll va lu e th e s tor i es o f th e C h r i s

ti an i zed p eo pl es H ow ever for illu s tr a tive m a ter ia l I h a ve

.
,

d r a w n fr eely on w or ks d ea l in g w ith th e n on C h r istia n tr ibes -

,

pa r ticul a r ly in th e cas e of stor ies th a t a ppea r to b e n a tive ; a n d

“ ” “
I s h a ll u se th e ter m n a tive to m ea n m erely ex is ten t in th e
”
I s l a nd s befor e th e Sp a nia r d s w en t th er e .

In the n otes I h a ve a ttem p ted to a n sw er for so m e o f th e

,

ta l es the qu es ti o n a s to w h a t i s n a ti ve a n d w h a t i m p or ted .

I h a ve n o t been a bl e to r ea ch a d eci si on i n th e ca se o f a ll b e ,
 P r efa ce . i
vi

m u se of a l a ck of s u fficien t eviden ce Wh ile th e m os t obviou s .

so u r ce s of i m por ta ti on fr om th e O cci den t h a ve been Spa in

a n d P or tu g a l the pos si
, bil ity of th e intr odu ction o f Fr ench ,

I ta l ia n a n d even B elg ia n s tor ies th ro ug h th e m ed iu m o f pr i

, s ts
e

o f th ose n a ti on a l ities m u s t n o t b e over looked F u r th er m or e

.
,

th ere i s a no i n con sid er a ble nu m ber of B asqu e sa ilors to b e fou nd

o n the s m a ll i n ter isl a nd s tea m er s th a t connect on e en d of th e
-

a r ch i pel a g o w ith th e other Even a ver y cur sor y g l a n ce a t th e

.

tal e s i n th i s coll ecti on r evea l s th e fa ct th a t m a ny of th em a r e

m o re or l ess cl ose va r i a n ts a n d a n a l og u es of ta l es d i s tr ibu ted

th r ou g h ou t th e w or ld How or w h en th i
. s m a ter i a l r ea ch ed th e

P hi l ippin es is h a r d to sa y Th e im por ta ti . o n of Ar a b i a n s tor i es ,

for ex a m pl e m i , g h t h a v e b ee n m a d e o v er m a ny r o u te s T h e .

H indoo bea s t ta l es too m ig h t h a ve qu ite cir cled th e g lobe in

-
, ,

th ei r p r og r ess fr om eas t to w es t a n d thu s h a ve b een i

, n trodu ced
to th e F i l ipin os by th e Sp a n ia r ds a n d P or tug uese Ag a in th e . ,

g e r m s o f a nu m b e r o f w i d es p r ea d M a r ch er: m a y h a v e ex i
s ted
in th e a r ch i pel a g o l ong befor e th e a r r i va l o f th e E u r o pea n s ,

a n d upo n th e i
, n troductio n of O cciden ta l civil iza tion a n d cul tu r e ,

h a ve underg on e a devel op m en t en tir ely con sisten t w ith th e

devel opm en t th a t took pl a ce in Eu r ope g iving u s a s a r esul t ,

rem a r ka bly cl ose a n a l og u es o f th e Wes ter n ta l es Th i s I .

s u s pect to h a ve been th e ca se o f so m e of o u r s tor i es w h er e ,

pa ra ll el w ith th e loca l ized popul a r vers ions ex ist pr in ted r o ,

m a n ces (i n th e ver n a cul a r ) w i th th e m ed i aeva l fl a vor a n d s etti ng

of ch i va l r y . To g i ve a sp eci fic ca se : th e Visa ya n s B icol s a n d , ,

Ta g a log s i n th e coa s t tow n s fea red th e r a i ds o f Minda n ao

Muss ul m a n s l ong befor e w h ite feet tr od th e sh or es o f th e
I s l a nd s a n d m a ny tr a d ition s of confl icts w ith th ese pir a tes
,

a r e em bedd ed i n th ei r l eg end s Th e Sp a n i
. a r d ca m e i n th e

si x teen th cen tu r y br ing ing w ith h im s tories of w a r s betw een

,

C h ri s tia n s a n d Sa r a cen s i n E u r ope O n e r es ul t o f th i

. s cl ose

a n a lo g y of a ctu a l h i stor i ca l s i tu a tio n w as I bel i eve a g en er a l

, ,

ten den cy to l evell i ng : th a t is n a tive tr a d ition s of s u ch s tr ugg l es

,

too k o n th e col or o f th e Spa n i s h r o m a n ces ; Spa n i s h r o m a n ces ,

o n th e oth er h a nd w h i , ch w er e po pul a r i z ed i n th e I sl a nd s w er e ,
“ ”
ver y l i kely to b e l oca l ized A m ax i
. m u m o f ca u ti on a n d a

mi nim u m of dog m a tism then a r e im per a tive if on e is to

, , ,

tr ea t a t a ll sci en ti fica lly th e r el a ti on s h ip of th e s tor ies o f a

co m pos i te peo pl e l i ke th e F il ip in os to th e s tor ies o f th e r es t of
th e w or ld .
 A w or d mi
g h t be a dded as n a tur e of th e ta l es I h a ve
to th e .

in cluded only h er o ser i

ta l es o u s a n d d r oll
, bea st stories a n d
,

fa bl es a n d pou rqu oi or j u st so stor ies

,
"
- Myth s leg end s
.
, ,

r y ta l es (i
a n d fa i -
nclud ing a ll kind s of s pi rit a n d d em on stor ies )

I h a ve pu r posely ex cluded in or der to keep th e size of th e

,

volu m e w i th i n r ea s on a ble l im its I h a ve h ow ever occa s ion a lly

.
, ,

d ra w n upon m y m a nu scr ipt collection of th ese types to illu str a te

a n a tive s uper s ti ti on or cu stom .

COLU MB IA U N I VE R S ITY ,

Ma y 1 9 1 8
, .
 CO NT E NTS .

PAGE
Bm u ocm m v

I . H E R O TAL ES AN D DR O LLS .

( ) Su a n Go od Lu ck
’
a 3

( )
b Su an Ek et
i
2 . Th e Char coa l Ma k er who beca m e K n g
-
.

Th e Stor y of Ca r a n ca l
s Adven tures
Su a c a n d hi
Th e Three Fr i en ds , th e Mon k ey , th e Dog ,

How Su a n b eca m e R ich

Th e Kin g s Deci
'
sion s

Th e Fou r B lin d B r other s

J ua n th e B li
Ma n
nd

Teofilo the H u n chba ck , a nd the G i

an t

J u an a nd th e B u r i
n g m n ta da

Th e Ma n g la la b as
o us Ma rcel a
Sa g a ci
Ki n g Ta s i
o

Th e Stor y o f Za ra goza
( )
b J ua n th e P eer less R ob ber .

Th e Seven Cra zy Fellows

J u an Man a la k sa n
J u a n th e P oor who beca m e J u a n
, th e Ki
ng

Lu ca s th e Stron g
J ua n hiand
s Si
x Com pa n i on s

Th e Stor y of Kin g P a lm a r i
n

The Th ree B rothers .

Three B roth er s of F ortu n e

P a blo and th e P r i
n cess

Leg en d of P ri
n ce O swa ldo

Th e Rich a n d the P oor

( )
b Lu ca s th e R o p e Ma k er
-

Th e Kin g an d th e Der vi
sh

( )
b Th e M ys ter i
o us B oo k
Th e Mi
r a cu lous Cow
 Con ten ts .

1 6.Th e C lever H u sb a n d and W ife

1 7 Th e Three B ro th er s
.

1 8. Ju an a nd hi
sAdven tu res
1 9. Ju an n g a Mon k ey s Ski
wea r i n
’

( )a How Sa la k sa k b eca m e Ri ch

( )
b C lever J u a n a n d En vi ou s Di ego

20 . ( )
5 Rui n ed b eca u s e of I n vi
di ou sn e
s s .

(d ) T h e T w o F r ien d s

( )
e J u an th e O r p h a n

21. I s h e th e Cra fty Ul ysses ?

22 . Th e R ew a rd of Ki n dn ess

2 3. P edro Sa ta nand

2 4 Th e Devi
. l a n d the G u a chin a n go
2 5 J u an Sa d u t
.

2 6 An Act of Ki d n ess
. n
27. The I n dolen t Hu sb a n d
28. l io th e Ser va n t of Em ilio
Ceci ,

29 C h on g u i
ta .

30 . Th e Go lden Lock
31 . Wh o is th e Nea r es t R ela tive ?
32 . W ith O n e Cen ta vo J u a n m a rries a Pr i
n ce
s s

( )
a Th e T hree H u m p b a ck s .

33 Th H
( )
b e Se ven u m p b a ck s .

( )
0 R es pect O ld Ag e .

( )
b Th e Go l d en R u l e

Coch in a n go

P edro a n d th e W itch
Th e W om a n a n d her Coles P la n t
A to Sl a ve
Neg r i
Al b er to a n d the Mon s ter s
J u a n a n d Ma r ia
Th e En cha n ted P rin ce

Th e P rin ce s Drea m
’
.

Th e W i ck ed W om a n s R ew a r d
'

Th e Ma g i c Ring

( ) M
a a r i
a a n d th e Go lden Sl i
pper .

( )
b Ab a d ej a

Ju a n th e P oor
Th e F a te of a n E n vi
ou s W om a n
Th e Mon k ey a n d J u a n P u so n g Ta m b iTa m b i -

An dres the Tr a p per

49 Juan th e F00 1
 Con ten ts .

50 . Ju a n
hi s Pa i
an d n ted Ha t

51 . a nJu an
d C lo til d e .

52 Th.e P oo r M a n a n d h i
s T hr ee S o n s

53 Th.e D e n ied M o t h er

54 To.m a r in d a n d t h e W i
c k ed D a tu

II FAB L ES AN D AN I MAL STO R I ES

. .

Th e Mon k ey a n d the Tu rtle (three vers i on s )

Th e Mon k ey a n d th e C r ocod ile (tw o ver s i

o n s)

Th e Mon k eys a n d th e Dr a g on F l i es -
.

Th e Mon k ey th e Tu r tle a n d the Cr ocodile

, ,

Th e I g u a n a a n d the Tu r tle
( )
a T h e T r i
a l a m o n g th e An i
m a ls

( ) Th e P u gu C a se
’
b s

( )
c W hy Mosqu itoes h u m and try to get i
n to

ou r Ea r s
( )
d A T yr a n t .

Th e G reedy C row
Th e H u m m in g Bi r d a n d th e C a ra b a o
-

Th e Ca m a n ch ile a n d th e P a ssi
on

An a c a n d La m ir a n
III . J UST SO -
STO R I ES .

65 . W hy th e An t is n ot so Ven om ous a s the Sn a k e

66 . W hy Locu sts a re Ha rm fu l
67 . How La n son es b eca m e Edi b le
68 . W hy Cock s fig ht O n e An other
69 . W hy B a ts fly a t Nig ht
7 0 . W hy th e Su n shin es m or e b rig h tly tha n the Moon
(0 ) W h y th e C u lin g h a s a Ton s u re
7 1 .
( )
b Th e C u leto an d the Crow .

( )
c Th e Ha w k a nd th e Co l i
ng

( ) W h y th e Cow s Sk in is Loose o n th e Neck

’
0

7 2 .
( )
b Th e Firs t Loose Sk i rs t Ti
n n ed C ow a n d th e F i
-
h
g t
n n ed C a r a b a o
Sk i
73 . W hy th e Mon k ey is W ise
Th e Lo s t Neck la ce
The C ock a n d th e Sp a r row Ha w k -

7 5 Th e Stor o f ou r F i
. y
n g ers

7 6 . W y l l
h Sn a is c im b u p G r a ss
77 . Why the C u ttlefish a n d Sq u ids prod u ce a B l a ck q
Li u i
d
78 . Why Cock s ha ve Com b s o n their Hea ds
x i
i Con ten ts .

( ) H
0o w th e C ro w b ec a m e B la ck
( )
b W h y th e C r o w is B l a ck
( )
c Th e D ov e a n d th e Crow

80 . Wh y th e O cea n is Sa lty .

Wh y th e Sk y is Cu r ved
Wh y the Sk y is H ig h
An U n eq u a l Ma tch ; or W h y th e Ca ra ba o s
’
,

I I I
F L P NO STO R I ES G I V E N I N THE NO TES .

[O n ly s tor i
es fro m m y ow n m a n u scr i
p t co ectio n a r e ll listed here .

tl es
Ti of thos e g i
ven i
n fu ll a re p r i
n ted i
n R om a n ; of h
t ose g i
ven

m ere ly i
n a b s tra ct, i
n I ta l ics . A a fter a til
te i ca tes tha t
n di

th e s tor y is ta k en fr om on e of th e n a ti
ve corridos , or m etri l
ca ro m a n ces

pr i
n ted n th e
i ver n a cu ar l )
.

’
P ed ro s Fortu n es

Sa n da pa l

Jua n Ta pon

Ta n ga ra n ga n
Ka ka ra n gka n g
How P iro beca m e R ich
The Cripple a n d the B lin d Ma n .

Ma rcela ou twits the Kin g

C a y C a la b a sa (C )
R odolfo ( C)

The Thr ee B rothers

The P riest a n d his P u pil
A bu H a sa n ( C)
-

Don Ag u s tin , Don P ed ro, a n d Don Jua n

The A da rn a B ird ( C) (tw o vers ion s )

P ed ro a n d the Gi
a n ts

The Mon k ey becom es Kin g

Ju a n the Ashes Trader
Cola ssit a n d Cola sk el
Jua n the P oor
J u a n B a chiller C
( )
Ma b a it a n d th e Duen de
 Con ten ts . x i
ii

The Fortu n es of An doy , an Orpha n

P eter the Violin i
st

The Seven H u nehba ck ed B rothers

Jua n an d s F a th er
hi
P u gu t Negro ( C)

Jua n a n d Ma ria ( C)
Piton g

Kin g A su er o a n d Ju a n the P oor ( C)

Ri
ca r do a n d hi s Adven tu r es

Jua n and th e R ob b er s
Th e Adven tu re of Two R ob b er s
J ua n Sa du t
Ju a n Loco
The Mon k ey a n d the Crocodile
Th e B a ttle b etw een th e B i
r ds a nd th e B ea s ts
The B aeu it s Ca se
’

Wh y th e An t is n o t so Ven om ou s as th e Sn a k e .

Th e O rigin of Locu sts

Th e O r igi
n o f Locu s ts

Th e Ada m a n d Eve of th e Ta ga logs

b le
How La n zon es b eca m e Ed i
Th e Su n th e Moon a n d th e Sta r s
, ,

Th e Su n an d th e Moon
O ri
g i
n o f th e M o n k ey
Th e Fir s t Mo n k ey

The Deer a n d the Sn a il

AP P ENDIX
 B I B L I O G R AP HY .

[Th e follow in g l ist in clu des on ly su ch wor k s as a re f

r e err ed to i
n

a ted for m i
a b b r evi n th e n o tes thro u g hou t th e vol u m e ]

AARNE , ANTTI . Verg lei

chen d e Mar ch en forsch u n g en . Helsin g fors ,

1 908 .

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’
.

B U RTO N 1 0 vols 1 885 Su pp lem en ta l Nights 6 vols 1 886 88

.
—
.
, . , .
, .

Ba har iDa n u s h
- -
Tra n s la ted fro m th e P ers i
a n by J O NATHAN SC OTT
. .

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BAI N R NI SER T Ru ssia n Fa ir y Ta les Fro m th e Sk a zk iof P olevoi

, . . . .

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BASILE G P en ta m ero n e Tra n s la ted by Sir RICHARD B U RTON

, . . .

2 vols Lo n don 1 893 .

, .

BATEMA N G W Z a n zib a r Ta les C hica go , 1 90 1

, . . . .

BENFEY , THE ODOR P a n tscha ta n tra : f tin f B fich er i n di.sch er F a b el n ,

Mar chen u n d Er zah lu n gen Au s dem Sa n sk r it fib er setzt, m it .

Ein leitu n g u n d An m er k u n g en 2 vols Leipzig , 1 859 . . .

tol ogi
’
BLU ME NTR I TT F E RDI NAND Di cci
, on a r i
o mi co ( i
n R eta n a s .

Arch ivo del b ib liOfilo filip in o Vol 2 Ma drid , , .

,

BO LTE (JO HANNE S) U ND P O L IVKA (G E ORG) An m er k u n gen zu den .

Kin der u n d Ha u sm ar ch en der B r iider G r i mm 2 vol s Lei p g,

z i . .

1 91 3 1 9 1 5 , ( C i
t e d B o l te-
P o l.k a ) .

Bon u s C H F o l k lore of th e Sa n ta l P a r g a n a s
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BURTO N Sir RICHARD See A ra bia n Nights En ter ta in m en ts , a n d

,
’
.

(B U SK .
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)
CABALLE RO , F E RNAN C u en tos y poes i as p p
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. .

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-
, . a , I n di
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Sco tti .
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10 pa r ts . B os ton , 18 82 —
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ted C l ou s

ton
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(Cited C lo u s ton
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cti
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. . .

M C Cole )
. . .

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. .
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. .

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p g 9 7 1 0 1 2 . .
,
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.

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. . Lo n don N D . ,

(T h e Lo n d o n L i b ra r y ) .

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, . .
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, cti on Edited b y H . . . WI LSO N .

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es of th e Tem pa s su k a nd Tu a ra n
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ca l
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. I n dia .

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J ou r n a l . Fol k Lor e Soci
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A Qu ar ter ly R eview cu rr en t sin ce 1 890 (C ited F L ) , . .

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, . n doo F a i r y Leg en ds C u rr en t in ,

Sou th er n I n di
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, .

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, (
. F o l k Lo. r e Society ) L o n do n .
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1 8 70 .

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’
. .

Tr a n s la ted from th e Ger m a n , a n d edited b y M H u n t W ith an . .

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’
s es : Sou th
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etc .
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-
.

P a n tsch a ta n tr a See B enfey . .

P ANZ E R , F RI EDRI CH Stu di en zu r g er m a n i

s ch en Sa e
g g n. e
s ch i
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. . .

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( R efe r en ces a r e to th e 6 th ed it ion ) . .

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. Lei p g
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, tter a tu r der Tu r k i
. sch en Stam m e

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. 6 vo ls . St P eter sb u r g
.
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—

RALSTON , W . R . S . a n F ol k Ta les
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R om a n cero G en er a l 2 vol s Ed DU RAN . . . .

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, NA .
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. .
, , .

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-
.

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, . .
, .

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. .
, .

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, . . ,

fir s t tra n s l a ted i
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,

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.

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. .
, .

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. . .

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.
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. . .
 F I L I P I NO P O P U LAR TA L ES .

I . H E RO TALES AND DRO LLS .

I .
( )
a SU AN S G
’
OOD L U CK .
l

TH ER E w as o nce a n O ld w om a n w h o h a d
na m ed an o nly so n

Su a n ’
Su a n w as a cl ever s h a r p W i
. tted b o y Hi s m oth er
,
-
.

sen t h i m to s ch ool Instea d of g oing to s ch oo l h ow ever

.
, ,

Su a n cl i m bed up th e tr ee th a t s tood by th e r oa d s i de As soo n .

a s hi s m oth er h a d p a s sed by fr om th e m a r ket Su a n hu r r i ed ,

h o m e a h ea d of h er Wh en sh e r ea ch ed h om e h e cr ied Mother
.
, , ,
"
I kn ow w h a t you bo u g h t in the m a r ket to da y He th en told -
.

h er a r ti
, cl e by a r ti cl e Th i s s a m e th i . ng h a ppened so r epea tedly ,

th a t h i s m oth er beg a n to bel i eve i n hi s sk i ll as a d i vi ner .

’
O n e d a y th e r i ng of th e da tu s d a u g h ter d isa ppea r ed All
3
.

th e peo pl e i n th e loca l i ty sea r ch ed for i t but i n va i n Th e , .

d a tu ca lled for volun teer s to find th e l os t r ing a n d h e offered ,

s d a u g h ter s h a nd a s a pr i z e to th e on e W h o s h o uld s u cceed

’
hi .

Su a n s m oth er h ea r d of th e pr ocl a m a ti on SO Sh e w en t to
’
.

th e p a l a ce a n d p r esen ted Su a n to th e d a tu .

Well Su a n to m or row tell m e W h er e th e r in g is s a id th e da tu

, ,
-
, .

Yes m y lor d I w i
, ll tell you if you w ill g ive yo ur so ld iers
, ,

ov er to m e for to ni g h t S-
u a n r epl i ed , .

“
You s h a ll h a ve ever yth i n g you need sa id the d a tu , .

Th a t even i n g Su a n o r der ed th e so ld i ers to s ta nd a r o und h i m i n

a sem i ci r cl e Wh en a ll wer e r ea dy Su a n poin ted a t ea ch on e

.
,
“
o f th em a n d sa i
, d Th e ring is h er e a n d n ow h er e el se
, It , .

so h a ppened th a t Su a n fix ed h i s eyes o n th e g u i l ty so ld ier w ho ,

“ "
tr em bl ed a n d beca m e pal e I kn ow w h o h as it sa id Su a n
.
, .

Th en h e o rd er ed th em to r eti re .

La te i n th e n i g h t t h is So ld ie r c a m e to S u a n a n d s a d
i I w ill , ,

g et th e r in g y ou a r e i
n s e a r ch o f a n d W ill g ive i t t o y o u i
f y o u
,

"
wi ll pr om ise m e m y s a fety .

Gi ve i t to m e a n d you s h al l b e s a fe
, sa i d Su a n , .

1 Narra ted b y Ma eer ia Ga rcia The sto y is p op u la r a m ng the P a m pa ng a na

. r o .

A com m on ni
ck m m e for
“
J ua n .
"
e uiq
va l en t to th e Eng l i
sh
“
Ja ck .
"

Dots . old na ti
ve n a m e for vi efta i
lla g e Ch i n.
2 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n F ol k Lore Soci
ety -
.

Ver y ea r ly th e nex t m or n i
ng Su a n ca m e to th e pa l a ce w i th
a tu r key i
n hi
s a rm s . Wh ere is th e r ing ? th e d a tu d em a nded .

“
Why sir it is i
, n th i s tu r key s i
, n testines Su a n r epl ied The ’
, .

tur key w as th en k i lled a n d th e r ing w a s found in s ide it

, .

“
Yo u h a ve done ver y w ell Su a n Now you s h al l h a ve m y
'

, .

”
d a ug h ter s h a nd said th e d a tu SO Su a n beca m e th e princess s
’
, .
’

hu sba nd .

O n e d a y th e d a tu pr opo sed a b et w i th a n y on e w h o w i s h ed to

prove Su a n s sk ill Accor d in g ly a noth er d a tu ca m e He

’
. .

o ffered to b et seven ca scos O f tr eas u re th a t Su a n co uld n ot tell

1

th e nu m ber o f seed s th a t w er e i n hi s ora ng e Su a n d i d n ot know .

W h a t to do At m i dn ig h t h e w en t secretly to th e ca scos H er e
. .

h e h ea r d th eir convers a ti on a n d fr om i t h e l ea r n ed th e nu m ber

,

o f seed s i n th e or a ng e .

In th e m or n ing Su a n sa id boa s tfully I tell you you r or a ng e , ,

”
h as n i ne seed s Thu s Su a n w o n th e w h ol e tr ea s u re
. .

H oping to r ecover h is l oss th e d a tu ca m e ag a in Th is tim e , .

he ha d w i th h im fou r teen ca s cos full of g old He a s ked Su a n .

to tell h i m W h a t w as i n side h is g o lden ba ll Su a n did n ot kn ow .

w h a t to sa y SO i n th e d ea d o f n i
.
g h t h e w en t ou t to th e c a sco s ,

b u t h e could l ea r n n oth i n g th ere .

Th e n ex t m or n ing Su a n w as s u m m oned i n to th e p r esen ce of

th e two d a tu s He h a d n o i . d ea W h a tever as to W h a t w as in
th e bal l ; so h e sai d scor nfully Non sense ! "
,

“ ”
Th a t i s rig h t t h a t is r i
g h t ! s,h o u ted a m a n T h e b a l l .

”
con ta i n s n ine cen ts Co n sequ en tly Su a n w on th e fou r teen
.

ca s cos full o f g old F r om now o n n o body do ub ted Su a n s

’
. ,

m er i
t.
( )
b SU AN ER ET .
’

Ma ny yea rs a g o ther e l ived in th e coun tr y of C a m pa o a b oy

n a m ed Su a n Wh il e th is b o y w as s tudying in a pr iva te schoo l
.
,

it w a s sa i d th a t h e could n ot pr onoun ce th e l etter as ver y w ell

” “
h e ca ll ed i t eket SO hi s s ch oo l m a tes n i
. ck n a m ed h i
m Su a n -

Eket ”
.

Fin a lly Su a n l eft s ch ool beca use w henever he w en t th er e , , ,

th e oth er pup i ls a lw a ys s h ou ted a t him “

Eket eket eket ! ”
, , ,

He w en t h om e a n d told h i s m oth er to buy h i

,
m a p en ci l and a
“ ”
a d o f p a per I a m th e w ises t b oy i n ou r tow n n o w sa id h e
p . , .

C a s co , a com m o di
ou s w oo d en ca rg o- b
oa t com m on l y u se d i
n ri
vers an d p ro p elle d
by p ol i
ng .

Nar a ted by
r M a n uel Re yes . a Taga log fro m R i
za l p r ovi
n ce . He h ea r d th e s tory

s g ra n fa th er
from h i d .
 n o P opu la r Ta les
Filipi .
3

O n e ni i d h i i i
’

g h t S u a n s to l e h s f a t h er s pl o u g h , a n d t n a cr eek
n ea r th ei r h o u se Th e n ex t m or n i
. ng h is fa th er could n o t fin d
hi s p lo ug h .

“
Wh a t a re you look ing for ? sa id Su a n .

My p lou g a n sw er ed h i s fa th er .

C om e h er e, fa th er ! I w i ll g u ess w h er e it is Su a n too k .

hi s pen ci l a n d a piece of p a per O n th e p a per h e w r o te fig u r es

.

of v a r io u s s h a pes He th en loo ked up , a n d s a i

. d,
Ara rok es a r a r ok es
Na n a n a k a w es
Ay n a s im b u r n a les ,
’

w hi
ch m ea n t pl oug h h a d been s tol en by a n eig hbo r a n d
th a t th e
hidd en in a creek Su a n s fa th er l ooked for it in th e cr eek nea r
.
’

th eir h o u se a n d fo und i
, t In g rea t w ond er h e sa id My so n
.
“
,

is tr uly th e w i sest b o y i n th e tow n New s s prea d th a t Su a n .

w as a g ood g u esser .

O n e da y as Su a n w as up i n a g u a v a tr ee h e s a w h i s un cl e -
,

ng At noon P ed ro w en t h om e to ea t h is d inn er
P ed r o pl o u g h i .
,

lea ving th e plo ug h a n d th e ca r a ba o in th e field Su a n g o t

1
.

dow n from th e tr ee a n d cl im bed up on th e ca r a b a o s ba ck H e ’

.

g u d
i e d i
t to a v er y s ecr e t pl a ce i
n th e m o un ta i
n s a n d h i
d i
t th er e .

Wh en P ed r o ca m e ba ck h e could n ot find h is ca r a bao A

, .

m a n w ho w as pa ss i ng by sa id P ed r o w h a t a r e yo u l ooki
, ng ,

for ?
I a m look in g for m y car a ba o Som ebody m u s t h a ve s tol en it
. .

” “
Go to Su a n your n eph ew
, sa i
d th e m a n ,He ca n tell .

”
y o u w h o s to l e yo u r car a b a o So P e d r o w e n t t
.o Su a n s h o u se
’
,

a n d to ld h i m to g u ess w h o h a d ta ken hi s ca r a ba o .

Su a n too k h i s pen ci l a n d a piece o f pa per O n th e pa p er h e .

wro te So m e r o und fig u r es He th en l oo ked up a n d s a i

. d , ,

Ca r a b a u es ca r a b a u es ,
,

Na n a n a k a w es
”
Ay n a sa b u n do k es ,

whi
ch m n t th a t th e ca ra ba o w as s tolen by a n eig hbor a n d
ea

wa s h idden in th e m oun ta in For m a ny d a ys P ed r o l ooked for

.

i
t i n th e m o un ta i n At l a s t h e found it in a ver y secr et pl a ce
. .

He th en w en t to Su a n s h ou se a n d told h i
’
m th a t th e ca r a ba o
,

w a s tr uly i n th e m oun ta i n In g r ea t w ond er h e sa id

.
“
My ,

nephew is s urely a g ood g u esser .

Ca a boo a m y wa ter b u fl a lo used th roug h u t th e Arch i

pela g o as a dra u gh t a n mu s)
'
l - o - i
. .
 Mem oirs of ca n Fol k Lor e Soci
the A m eri ety -
.

O n e Sunda y a procl a m a ti o n o f th e ki ng wa s rea d I t w as .

Th e pri ncess s r ing is lost Wh oever ca n tell w ho

’
a s fo llow s : .

s tol e i t s h al l h a ve m y d a u g h ter for h is wi fe ; b u t h e w h o tr ies

”
a n d fa i l s , loses h is hea d .

Wh en Su a n s m other h ea r d it, s he im m ed ia tely wen t to th e

’

p al a ce, an d sa id , King , m y son ca n tell you w h o stole you r

d a u g h ter s r in g
’

“
Ver y w ell , sa i d th e king I will send m y ca rr iag e for you r
,

son to r i de to th e pal a ce in .

In g rea t j oy th e w om a n w en t h o m e Sh e w as only ascend in g .

“
th e l a dd er 1
w h en Sh e s h ou ted , Su a n , Su a n m y for tun a te ,
”
son !
“
Wh a t is it m oth er ? sa id Su a n
, .

I told th e king th a t you could tell h im w h o s tol e th e p r in ces s s ’

r rn g .
“
Fool i
sh m oth er , do you w a n t m e to d i
e? sa i d Su a n , tr em
bl ing .

Su a n h a d ly s poken th ese w or d s w hen th e king s ca r ’

sca r ce

ri ag e ca m e Th e coa ch m a n w a s a cour ti
. er Th i s m a n was .

r ea l ly the o n e w h o h a d s tol en th e p r i n cess s ring Wh en Su a n ’

.

w as i n th e ca rr ia g e h e ex cl ai m ed i ,n g r ea t so r r ow Dea th is a t ,
” “
h a nd ! Th en h e bl a s phem ed a n d sa i d a loud to h im self You
, ,
”
wi ll lose your l ife n ow .

Th e coa ch m a n th ou g h t th a t Su a n w a s a dd r ess i ng h im He .

“
sa id to h im self I once h ea r d th a t th is m a n is a g ood g u esser
, .

He m u s t kn ow th a t i t w as I w h o s tol e th e r i ng beca u se h e sa id ,
”
th a t m y d ea th i s a t h a nd SO h e kn el t befor e Su an a n d sa i
. d , ,
“
ty m e ! D on t tell th e ki n g th a t i
’
Pi t w as I w h o s tol e th e
”
ri ng !
Su a n w a s s u r pr i sed a t w h a t th e coa ch m a n sa i d After
th i nking for a m om en t h e a s ked Wh ere is th e ring ?, ,
“ ”
H ere it is .

All rig h t ! L is ten a n d I w ill t ell y

, o u w h a t y o u m u s t d o in

or d er th a t you m a y n o t b e pun i s h ed by th e ki ng You m u s t .

ca tch on e of th e ki ng s g eese to n i g h t
’
a n d m a k e it s w a l-
l ow th e,

r rn g .

The coa c m a h n d id w h a t Su a n h a d to ld h i
m to do . He
cau g h t a g oose a n d opened its m ou th He th en d r o pped th e .

ng in to it a n d pr essed th e bir d s th roa t un til it s w al low ed th e

ri ,
’

ri
ng .

The usua l m ea ns of getti

ng i
n to a n a ti
ve g ra ss h ouse i
s a b a m b oo i
a dd er .
6 M em oi
rs o f the A me i
r ca n F ol k Lore Soci
-
ety .

Wh en n ig h t ca m e Su a n could n ot s l eep He w a s w ondering , .

w h a t to do At l a s t h e d eci
ded to d row n h im self in th e sea So
. .

“
h e w en t to th e s h ore a n d g ot i nto a tu b I m u st d row n m y .

self fa r ou t so th a t n o on e m a y find m y body

, If th ey see it .
,

th ey w i ll sa y th a t I w a s n ot tr uly a g ood g u esser h e sa id to ,

h im self He r ow ed a n d r ow ed un til h e w a s very tired I t so

. .

h a ppened th a t h e rea ch ed th e pl a ce w h er e Ma ya b on g s ca sco ’

“
w a s a n chor ed Th er e h e h ea r d so m ebody ta lking
. Ho w .

”
m a ny seed s h a s th e g r een m el on ? sa i d on e Fi ve a n sw er ed .
,

a n o th er Ho w m a ny seed s h a s th e yellow on e
.

N ”
Si
x .

Wh en Su a n h ea r d how m a ny seed s ea ch m el on con ta in ed h e ,

im m ed i a tely r ow ed b a ck to s h o re a n d w en t h o m e .

Th e n ex t m or n ing Su a n m et Ma ya b o n g a t th e publ i c s qu a r e ,

a s a g r eed Ma ya b on g h eld up a g r een m el on a n d sa id How

.
, ,

"
m a ny seed s does th i s m el on co n tai n?
“ ”
Fi ve seed s a n sw er ed Su a n , ng som e La tin
a f ter u tter i ,

w or d s .

Th e m el on w a s cu t a n d w a s found to con ta i n five seed s Th e

‘

.
,

king s h ou ted We a r e r ig h t !
“ ”
,

Ma ya b on g th en h eld up a noth er m elon a n d sa id How m a ny , ,

”
does th is on e con ta in ?
Seei ng th a t it w a s th e yell ow m el on Su a n said I t con ta in s , ,
”
s rx .

Wh en th e m el on w as cu t it w as found th a t Su a n w a s r ig h t ,

agai n So h e w on the con tes t

. .

Now Ma ya b o n g w a n ted to w i
, n his m on ey b a ck a g a i n So .

h e too k a bo ttle a n d fill ed i t wi th dung a n d cover ed i t ti g h tly , .

He ch a ll eng ed th e ki ng a g a in to a con test B u t w h en Su a n .

r efu s ed th is tim e beca u s e h e h a d n o i d ea a s to w h a t w a s in th e

,

“
bottl e th e king s a id I let you m a r r y m y d a ug h ter beca u se I
, , ,

tho ug h t th a t yo u w er e a g ood g u esser N ow you m u s t prove .

”
th a t you a r e If you r efuse you w ill l ose yo u r l ife
.
, .

Wh en Ma ya b on g a sked w h a t th e bo ttl e con ta in ed Su a n , ,

fill ed w ith r a g e p icked it up a n d hu r led it dow n on th e fl oor

, ,
“ ” 1
sa yi ng I con sid er th a t you a r e a ll w a s te to m e
, Wh en the .

bo ttl e w a s br oken it w a s found to con ta in w a s te or dung I n , , .

g r ea t j y
o th e k i
n g c r ow n e d S u a n to s u ccee d h i
m T hu s S u a n .

lived h a pp ily th e r es t of h is l ife w ith h is w ife th e pr incess .

1 Th is is a co m m on Ta g a l og ex p ress i
on . a n d m ea n s . I cons i er d th a t you a re a ll i
n

fer i
or to m e i
n ever y res pect .
"
 Fi
lip i
n o P opu la r Ta les .
7

O
N TES .

Two o t er h p r i
n ted var i
a n ts a r e

( )
c J ua n th e G u esser ( i
n H E F a n s ler
. .
'
s Types of P rose Na r ra ti
ves

(C hica g o . pp 7 3 7 7)
-

(d) J ua n P uson g 1 9 : 1 07
”
(JAF L

Thi s s tor y seem s to b e fa i

r ly w i des pr ea d a m on g the F i lipin os : there
is no dou bt o f i ts popul a r i
ty The di s ti
ngui shi ng in ci den ts of the .

typ e a re a s fo llows

‘
A La y o d cid th t h will go t hool
z s n e l g
es d ( A ) with h i
a e o sc no on er , a n
’
s

A B C b ook o p e c i
l d p a d o f p p
a e h h
r a o tr b l i
n m ki gan r, e as n ou e n a n

hi p e t th i k h i
s m wiar ( A ) H t l l hi m oth th t h h a
n s n se.
'
e e s s er a e s

l ed t h h h A ‘ H
be
ea rn p po t d c doic v i
d d a t i g r ( ) e an an s o er en n s. e

hi m oth h “ ”
pi s es o n d th g se s w t h h p p ed
er , a n
a f en u es s a s e as re r or

s u p p er .

B He hid
hi s fa th er s p o u g
es ( ca ttle) , a n d t en n ds it fo r h im
’
l h
(B ) h fi .
1

a s siPl y
m ia r tr ick o n h i l
s u n cle, t er eb es ta b li
s i n g hi
s r ep u ta ti
on h y h
as a di vin er .

C Ki
n g s d a u g ter oses r i
'
h
n g , a n d th e k i l
n g se n d s fo r J u a n to fin d it u n d er
l ty of
f h e fa is , o r h l ‘ h l
dea t i m o t er vo u n teer s h er so n s ( C ) h is
’
p e na

ser vi ces ( 0 ) He a cciden ta l discovers th e t ief b y a n ej a cu a tio n

. ly h l
of so rrow , o r ( C ) s r ew d
'
pi h ly
ck s o u t th e g u it o n e fr o m a m o n g th e ly
so d i ersl .

h
I n eit er ca se h e ca u ses th e r i n g to b e hi d i n a s ecr et p a ce o r l
l
s w a l o w ed b y a g oo se ( tu r k e ) . i n w o se b od it i s fo u n d th e n ex t y h y
da y .

D J u a n m a rr i es th e p r i n cess .

E B y over h ea tin g a con versa tio n , J u a n is a b e to te th e n u m b er of seed s l ll

in a n o r a n g e ( m el o n ) , a n d to wi n a r g e s u m of m o n e fr o m a n ei g l y h
b o rin g k i n g w h o h a s co m e to b et w i t r
e o
’
s fa t e r -
i
n -
la w hh h .

F H ero req u i r ed to a cce p t a n o t er b e t, a s to th e co n ten ts o f t r ee j a rs h h .

( Met od as in E, h —
sw im mi n g o u t to n ei g b o r in g k i
n g s ca s co h '

a n d over b ea r i n g co n ver sa tion ) .

G Ej a cu la ti o n g u ess a s to co n ten ts of g o d en b a l ( b o tt e) l l l .

A ll
H fra id of b ein g ca ed o n fo r fu r t er dem o n s tr a tio n of h is s ki , ero h ll h
“ ”
b u r n s hi s m a gi c b oo k .

Thes e in ci
den ts a re di bu ted
s tr i a m on g the fou r for m s of th e s tor y

h ea r s a n s w er )FH
‘ ' ‘
A A A EB

A co n c u di
ng l a d ven tu re i
s so m eti
m es a dded to ver s i
on c, Jua n
Kin g a n d q u een o f a n other cou n tr y vi t pa l a ce o f
”
the G ue
s ser . si

Ju a n s fa th
’
er - ln -
r n ew ly bo r n ch i
la w a n d w a n t thei ld b a p tized J u a n -
.
8 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k L ore Soci
ety -
.

i
s l
se ected to b e g od fa ther . When ca lled u po n to s ig n the b a p tism
cer ti
fica te , he in s ta n tly di
es o f s ha m e p en i
n ha n d : h e ca n n o t wr i
, te
even hi
s own n a m e .

A con n ection betw een ou r s tor y a n d Eu ro pe a t on ce sugges ts tsel f

i .

Dr Kn owa ll
.
( G r i
m m N o 9 )
8 i s, p er h a p s
. th e b es t k n ow n th ou g h -
,

by no m ea n s th e fu lles t, W es ter n vers i on B ol te a n d P o l i

vk a ( 2 .

g i
v e th e s k el eto n o f th e cy c le a s fo ll ow s

A A
‘
p ea sa n t h
wi
t ( Crick et R a t) w ho b u ys a p hysi
th e n a m e of C ra b , ,

ci a n s cos tu m e a n d ca ll s h i m sel f Dr Kn ow a ll or ( A ) w h o w o u l d l i k e to
' ’
.
,

sa ti a te h i
m self o n ce w i th th ree da ys ea ti n g ( B ) di s co ver s th e th ie ves w h o
’
,

ha ve stolen fro m a dis tin g u is hed gen tlem a n a rin g ( tr ea s u re) b y ca l lin g ,

ou t u po n the e n tr a n ce of th e ser va n ts ( or a t th e en d of th e th r ee d a ys ) ,
“
Th a t is the fi r s t ( seco n d ( C ) He a l so g u esses w h a t is in th e
,

s h ( o r cl osed h a n d ) w h i le co m m isera tin g h im self P oo r C ra b

“
co ver ed d i ,

( C r ick et , D
( ) 1
T h ro u g h a p gu r a tiv e h e b y ch a n ce h el p s to fin d a

s tolen h orse o r ( D ) h e d i s co ver s th e ho r se th a t ha s p r evi o u sly b een con

’
,

cea l ed b y hi m E
( ) H e g et
. s a l i
v in g a m o n g th e p e a sa n ts u po n w h o m h e ,

h as m a de a n i m p r essi
on wi t a s o r t or u n in tel i
gi b h h l l
e ser m o n h
or t ro u g h
t, w i
n g d ow n of th e p u p i
the cr a s hi - c h as p r evious l h h ly b een sa w ed th r ou g h
b y him .

Bo l te l is ts over a h u n dr ed a n d fifty s tor i es con ta i ni n g o n e or m ore

in ciden ts of thi s cy cl e The d is cover y o f the r i

. ng i n si de a dom es ti c

fow l (som etim es a n im a l ) is fou n d in m os t of the Eu ropea n vers ion s ,

s li ej a cu l a ti
“ ”
as i k ewi se th e o n g u ess (o u r C ’
a n d G ) .

Thes e two deta ils , h owever , a r e a lso fou n d i n Or i en ta l for m s o f the

stor y , w h i ch , as a w hol e, ha ve som e pecu l i a r ly d i s tin cti ve tr a i ts These .

(s ee B o l te-
P o l i
v k a , 2 4 7)
0 a r e ( )
1 th e r ol e o f th e w ife , ( )
2 th e co ll a p s i
n g
o f th e roo m , ( 3) th e b u r n i n g o f th e m a g ic book The a p pea r a n ce in th e .

P hi lip pin e version s of two of these m otifs (on e in m od ified for m ) , to

g et h
er th
wihir d ( the bettin g con tes t between the two k in gs w hich
a t -
,

s u n dou bted ly Ea s ter n i

i n or ig )
in l ea d s u s to bel i
eve th a t o u r s tor y,o f
“
J uan the Gu esser is in la r ge m ea su r e descen ded d ir ectly fr om
”

O rien ta l tr a di
tion th ou g h it m a y owe som eth i
, n g to O cci den ta l
n fl u en ce
i .

I n two o f o u r va r i
a n ts iti s th e m o th er w h o i
n h er fon d pr i de p la ces
h er so n j eop a r dy
i
n o f l os i
n g his hea d As the hero i .s a yo u n g b a ch el or

w hen the s tor y op en s , th e ex p o i

ta tio n o f hi l
s pr ow es s w o u d n a tu r a l lly
d evolve u pon s m oth er
hi Th e bu r n i
. n g o f th e m a g ic book i s fou n d i n

ver s i on c, thou g h th e i n ciden t o f the co lla psi n g o f the roo m or hou se

is l a ck ing in a l l ou r va r i
a n ts Th e m os t ch a ra cter i c ep i
s ti . sod e , h ow

ever , i n th e P h i li
pp i
n e m e m ber s o f th i
s cy cl e , i
s th e bettin g co n te s t -

betw een the two k in gs I t is in trod u ced five tim es in to the fou r ta les
. .

I ts on ly o th er occu rren ce th a t I k n ow of i n th i s cycle i s in a n Ara bi an

s tor y cited by Cos qu i

n ( 2 whi
ch follows .
 li
Fi p i
no P opu la r Ta les .
9

O n e da y, w en th e ki h n g w a s b oa s ti n g of h i s co n j u re r b efor e so m e o t er h
ki n gs , t e hy
sa id to h i m, We too a ve so m e divin er s Let u s co m pa re h .

thei r wi ts wi t th e wi h
sdo m of ou r m a n
”
y
The k in g s t en b u ried t re e . h h
p o t s , o n e fil ed w it lm i k , a n h
o t er wi t lo n e , a n d th e t i hr d wi t pi tc hh y h h h .

h
Th e con j u r ers of the o t er k in gs cou d no t sa y w a t wa s in the po ts l
T en h . h
A s fo u r ( th e h
er o) w as ca l ed He tu r n ed to h i l s wi . fe, a n d sa i d,
“
t is All h
l
( tr o u b e) co m es of yo u We cou d a ve eft th e cou n tr
. l h
The rs t ( tim e) l y . fi
i l
t w a s m ik ; th e secon d , on e ; th e t i h
rd , p itc
”
y
The kin g s w ere d um h h .

fou n ded
“
He ha s n a m ed the m i
. l k , th e o n e , a n d th e p i tc wit ou t h y h h
hesita ti on , th e sa i y
d , a n d t e g a ve hi m a pen si hy
on .

Th e l s em
c ose r e bla n ce between th is deta il a n d th e corr es pon di
ng on e

F
( ) i
n J u a n the G u esser is im m edia tely eviden t The fa ct th a t the
“ ”
.

n J u a n s ca reer i s over com e n o t by a n ej a cu l a ti

”
fi cu lty i
’
di on g u es s , ,

b u t by a pro vi den tia l a cciden t (m u ch th e sa m e th i ng however ) , ,

does no t decr ea s e th e Si
g n fi
i ca n ce o f th e two p a ss a ges .

Th a t the betti g con test between th e two k in gs is

n -
an O ri
en ta l co n

cep ti
on ( ver y lik ely ba sed on
l ea r ly cu s to m ) i
s fu r th er b
a ctu a
o rn e ou t
by i ts a p pea r a n ce i n a r em a r k a b l e g ro u p o f Ea s ter n s tor i es o f the
”
C lever La ss type (see C hi ld En g l ish a n d Scottish B a lla ds 1 , ,

Th e g i s t o f the s e n a r r a ti
ves wr i tes P ro fessor C h i ld is tha t on e
“
,
”
,

ki n g pr o pou n d s ta s k s to a n other ; i n th e ea r l ier on es w i th th e i n ten t ,

to di s co ver w hether hi s bro ther m on a r ch en j oys th e a i d of su ch cou n -

sellor s a s w ill m a k e a n a tta ck on h im da n g erou s ; in the l a ter with the ,

dem a n d tha t he s ha ll a cq u i m sel f sa ti

t hi sfa ctor ily or s u ffer a for feit ,

a n d th e k ing is del iver ed fr om a ser i ou s s tr a it by th e sa g a ci ty ei ther o f a

ni
mi s ter or of th e da u g h ter of hi
s mi
nis ter , w h o ca m e to h er
fa ther ’
s as s i
s ta n ce. These tas k s a r e a w a l ys su c h as re q u ire in
gen u i
ty o f o n e nd
ki h whether in devisin g
o r a n o t er , p r a ctica l ex p er i
m en ts , i vi
n con tri ng n so lvi
s u bter fu g es i ddl es
n g ri , , or even i
n con
”
stru cti
n g co m p lim en ts .

One en ta l va r i
O ri h
ot er s s tor y m a y b e ci
a n t of th i ted beca u se o f i
ts
si
mi la r ity to two of ou r ta les (cf ou r ep isod es C a n d Th is is an .

”
An a m ese ver s i on , pr in ted i n the C hres tom a th i e coch i
n ch in oise -

(Pa r i
s , 1 30 :

Th ere w as o n ce a b ein g q u a i ed for n o t i

m a n w ho , n g , a n d n o t k n o wi ng lfi h
how to ea rn a li vi n g , m a de u p h is m i n d o n e d a y to b eco m e a di vi n er As .

y
lu ck h a d m a n tim es ser ved h i m , th e p u b i c ca m e to b e i eve i n hi s o r a cles l l .

He a m a s sed a g ood ro u n d s u m , a n d d a y b y da y h i s s u ccess m a d e

hi l
m m o re b o d a n d b o a s tfu O n ce a g o den tor to i lse d i
. sa p p ea r ed fr om l
l
th e pa a ce o f th e k i ng As a ll sea r c es for it r es u ted i
. n n ot i n g , so m e h l h
on e m e n ti o n ed th e di vin er to th e k i n g , a n d b eg g ed p er m i ss i
o n to s u m m o n

hi m . Th e k in g o rd er ed h i s i l
tter p r ep a r ed , the es co r t a n d the u m b r e a s ll
of hon or , a n d se n t to h
a ve the co n j u rer fetc ed en th e co n j u rer h . Wh
lea rn ed w h a t w as th e m a tter , h e wa s ver m u c di s tu r b ed , b u t h e co u d y h l
no t resi s t th e co m m a n d s o f th e ki ng cco r d ing h e d ressed i
m se f, . A ly h l
en tered th e i l
tter , a n d set o u t Al o n g the roa d the poor d i
. vi n er con ti nua lly
10 Mem oirs of ca n Folk Lor e Soci
the A m er i ety -
.

b em oa n ed h i s fa te Fi na he cri
. ed o u t, lly at i s th e u se of g r oa n i Wh
ng ?

h
The s tom a c ( b u n g) h a s ca u sed it a ll ; th e b e ( )
d o w i su fi e r fo r it
”
( lly
a n ll '

A a m ese p rover b )
n No w , i t a p pen ed t a t t e tw o
. h h i h
tte b ea r ers w er e
r -
l
n a m ed B u n g a n d Da a n d i t w a s t e w ho h a d s to en the k i
, hy n g s go d to r to i
’
se l l .

Wh en t e hyh ea r d the ex cl a m a ti o n o f th e d i vi n er , t e be i eved t a t t e hy l h hy

h a d b ee n d i s covered hy
T e b eg g ed h im to a ve p it o n t em ; t e co n
. h y h hy
h hy
fessed t a t t e h a d s to en th e to r toi l
se a n d h a d idden i t i n th e g u tter h .

“
y
Ver w e l , sa i l d th e d i vi n er , w i s pa re you ; I
wi sa y n o t i ll n g ; re I ll h
a ss u re y
o u r se ves l Wh
en h e r ea c ed the pa a ce, h e w en t t r o u g
. h so m e l h h
m a gi ca pler fo r m a n ces , fo u n d t h e t o r to i
s e , a n d w a s o ve r w e m e d b y t h e hl
ki n g wi h
t r ew a r ds a n d o n or s h
C O SQ U 1N , 2 1 92 . .

It i
s en ti
re ly po ss ible tha t th is s tor y a n d ou r two s tories ni
co n ta i ng

th e sam e si
tu a ti
on a re co n n ected . Tra di la
n g betw ee n Ma n i and

I n do C hin a
-
h as been g o i
n g o n for cen tu r i
es .

The h is tor y o f th e P h i
l ipp in e s tor y h as proba bly b een som eth in g l ik e
s : To a n ea r ly n a rr a ti
th i ve a bou t a w a g er between tw o n ei g hb or i n g
ki n g s or da tu s , i n whi ch th e w i n n er w a s a i ded by th e s hrew d n es s of a n
a d vi sor (or i g i
n a lly h a vin g a c o n s idera b l e a m o u n t o f r ea l a b i l i
t y ) . w er e

a dded o ther a d ven tu r es s how i n g h ow th e a dvi sor ca m e to h a ve h i s

p o s t o f ho n or T h e g er m o f.th i s s tor y d o u b tl ess ca m e fr o m I n d i a via

th e Ma la y m igr a tion s ; th e a dd ition a l deta ils poss ib ly b elon g to a m uc h

la ter p er i
o d .

It i
s m oreover ,
, n ot im poss i ble tha t this whol e cycle of th e l u ck y
a n ti
-
er oh g ew u p a s
r o u s a n ti
a co n s ci s to th e ea r l i
th es i er cycl e o f th e

g en u i
n e ly
C lever La ss (see No 7 i
“
s co llecti
n th i
”
on ) . .

I n co n cl u s ion I m i h ll B f f h i
’

g t ca a tten tio n to en ey s tr ea tm en t o t s

dr o ll i
“
n Ori en t u n d O cci den t ( 1 : 37 1 et B en fey tr a ces th e
s tor y from th e O r i en t, b u t co n sider s tha t its fu lles t for m i s th a t g i
ven

n Sch l ei a n leg en ds Th e ta le is a ls o fo u n d i
“
i cher s L i thu a n i So m a
'
n .

deva , C ha p ter XXX (Ta w n ey ,

2 . TH E C H A R C OAL -
MA K ER W H O B ECAME KI N G .
l

O n ce upon a tim e th er e l ived a kin g w h o h a d on e bea u tiful

d a ug h ter Wh en s h e w a s old en oug h to b e m a rr ied h er fa th er
.
, ,

a s w a s th e cu s to m in a n ci en t tim es m a d e a p rocl a m a ti on ,
“
th r o ug h ou t hi
s ki ng dom thu s : Wh osoever Sh a ll b e a bl e to
br ing m e ten ca r l oa d s of m oney for ten s uccessive d a ys s h a ll
-

h a ve th e h a nd of m y bea u tiful d a ug h ter a n d a l so m y cr ow n I f .

h ow ever a n y on e und er ta kes a n d fa il s h e s h a ll b e p u t to d ea th

, ,
.

A b oy th e only son o f a poo r ch a r coa l m a ker h ea r d th i

, s -
,

a nno un cem en t i n hi s li ttl e tow n He hu r ri ed h om e to h i s .

m oth er a n d sa i
, d th a t h e w a n ted to m a rr y th e bea u tiful p rin cess
N arra te d by J osé R . P erez , a Ta g a log l ivin g in Ma n ila . w h o h ea r d th e s tor y w h en a

b oy from h i
s n ur se.
 lipi
Fi n o P opu la r Ta les . 11

an d to b e kin g of th eir coun tr y The m oth er h ow ever pa id n o . , ,

a tten ti on to w h a t h er foo li s h son h a d sa i d for sh e w ell kn ew ,

th a t th ey h a d ver y l i ttle m on ey .

The n ex t da y th e b oy as u su a l took h is h a tchet a n d w en t to

, ,

th e fores t to cu t w ood He sta r ted to cu t dow n a very hug e

.

tree w hi
, ch w o uld tak e h i m sever a l d a ys to fin i sh Whil e h e .

wa s bu sy w i th h i s h a tch et h e s ee m ed to h ea r a vo i
,
ce sa yi ng ,

“
C u t th i s tr ee n o m or e Di p y o u r. h a nd i n to t h e h o l e o f th e

tr unk a n d yo u w i
, ll fin d a pu rse w h ich w ill g ive you a ll th e m oney
y o u w i
s h A. t fi rs t h e d id n o t p y
a a n y a tt en tio n to t h e v o i
c e ,

b u t fin a lly h e o beyed i t To h i s s u r pr i
. se h e g o t th e pu rse b u t , ,

fou n d it em pty D i . sa ppo i n ted h e a n g r ily th r ew it a w a y ;

,

b u t as th e pu rse h i t th e g r ound si lver m oney r olled m err ily ,

ou t o f i t Th e you th qu i
. ckly g a th er ed up th e coi n s ; then ,

picking up th e purse h e s ta r ted for h om e filled w ith h a ppin ess

, ,
.

Wh en h e r ea ched th e h ou se h e s pr ea d peta tes over th e fl oor ,

1

of th ei r li ttl e h u t ca lled h i
, s m o th er a n d beg a n s h a ki ng th e ,

pu rse Th e old w om a n w a s a m a zed a n d del ig h ted w h en s h e

.

sa w do ll a rs co m i ng o u t in w h a t seem ed to b e a n inex h a u stibl e

s tr ea m Sh e d i
. d n ot a s k h er son w h er e h e h a d fo und th e pu r se ,

b u t w as n ow th or oug hly convi n ced th a t h e could m a r r y th e

bea u tiful prin ces s a n d b e king a fter w a r d s .

Th e n ex t m or n i ng s h e ord er ed h er so n to g o to the pa l a ce to
in for m hi s Ma j es ty th a t h e w ould b r i ng h im th e m oney h e
dem a nded in ex ch a ng e for h is d a ug h ter a n d h is crow n Th e .

g u a r d o f t h e p a l a ce h o w e v,er th o u g h t t h a t t
,h e y o u t h w as c r az y ;
for h e w as poo r ly d r essed a n d h a d r ude m a nn er s Th er efor e .

h e refu sed to let hi m i n B u t th ei r ta lk w a s over h ea r d by th e

.

kin g w h o o r d ered th e g u a r d to pr esen t the you th befor e h im

, .

Th e king r ea d the a nn oun cem en t em ph as izi ng th e p a r t w h ich

,

sa i d th a t in ca se of fa ilu r e th e con testa n t w o uld b e p u t to dea th .

To th i s co nd i tion th e ch a r coa l m a ker a g r eed -

Th en h e a s ked .

th e ki n g to let h im h a ve a ta lk w ith h is d a ug h ter The m eeting .

w a s g r a n ted a n d th e yo u th w a s ex tr em ely pl ea sed w i

, th th e
bea u ty a n d viva city of the pr in cess .

After h e h a d bi dden h er g oo d b y h e told th e king to send the -

,

ca rs w i th h i m to g et th e fi rs t ten ca r l o a d s o f m o n ey Th e -
.

ca r s w e r e sen t w i th g u a r d s Th e d r i ver s a n d th e g u a r d s o f
.

th e co n voy w er e a s to n i s h ed w h en th ey sa w th e poo r ch a r coa l

m a ker fill the ten ca r s w i th br i g h t n ew s l

i ve r d o ll a rs T h e .

P et te ( Sp M ica ) a sl p i ng m a t m d fw v t w
a - n
ex ee -
a e o o en s ra .
12 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k Lor e Soci
ety -
.

pr incess , too , a t fi rs t w as ver y m u ch pl eas ed wi

th s u ch a l ar g e
s u m of m on ey .

Fi
ve by a n d the you th h a d n ot fa il ed to send the
d a ys w en t ,

a m o un t o f m on ey r equ i r ed Fi ve d a ys m or e a n d I sh a ll
.
,

s u r ely b e m a r r i ed !
”
sa i d the pr in cess to h erself “
Ma rr ied ? .

Yes m a r r i
, ed l i fe is l ike m u sic w ith ou t w or d s B u t w ill it b e .

in m y ca se ? My fu tu r e hu s ba nd i s u g ly un r efin ed a n d of low , ,

descen t B u t . he i s ri ch Yes r i ch ; b u t w h a t a r e r i
. ch es i f I ,

a m g oi ng to b e w r etch ed ? No I w ill n ot m a rr y him for a ll th e ,

”
w or ld .I w ill pl a y a tr ick on h im .

The n ex t d a y th e g u a r d i nfor m ed h er th a t the r ich es of th e

young m a n w ere in ex h a u s tibl e for th e pu rse fro m w h ich h e ,

g o t h is m o n ey see m e d to b e m a g ic a l Wh en s h e h ea r d th is .
,

s h e co m m a nd ed th e g u a r d to tell th e yo un g m a n th a t s h e w i s h ed

to see hi m a l on e Fi ll ed w ith j oy beca u se of th is Sig n of h er

.

fa vor th e you th h a sten ed to th e pa l a ce conducted by th e g u a rd

, , .

Th e pr i ncess enter ta ined h im r eg a lly a n d tr ied a ll so r ts of ,

tr icks to g et possess i o n o f th e m a g i ca l pu rse At l a s t sh e s u c .

ceeded i n indu cin g h im to go to sl eep Wh il e h e w a s u n con .

sci ou s th e d ecei
, tful p r i n cess stol e th e purse a n d l eft him a lon e
in th e ch a m ber .

Wh en h e a w o ke he sa w th a t th e prin cess h a d deser ted h im

,
“
a n d th a t h i s pu rse w a s g on e Su r ely I a m d oo m ed to di . e if I
”
d on t lea ve th is kin g dom a t on ce Sa id h e to h im self
’ “
My , .

”
pu r se is g on e a n d I ca nnot n ow fulfil m y con tr a ct
,
He a t .

on ce hu rr i ed h o m e to ld h i s p a r en ts to a ba ndo n th ei
, r h om e

a n d tow n a n d h e hi m self sta r ted on a j ou r n ey for a n oth er

,

king d om After m u ch tr a vell i

. ng h e r ea ch ed m oun ta inou s ,

pl a ces a n d h a d ea ten b u t l ittl e for m a ny a da y

, .

B y g ood lu ck h e ca m e a cross a tr ee h ea vi ly l a den w ith fr u its .

Th e tree w a s str a n ge to h im ; b u t th e del i ciou s a ppea r a n ce o f

its fr u i t a n d hi s hung er tem pted h i

, m to tr y so m e , Wh ile h e .

w as ea ti ng h e w a s terr ified to find th a t tw o h or n s h a d a ppea r ed

,
"
on h i s for eh ea d He tr i ed h i s bes t to pull th em O h
. but i n ,

va i n . The n ex t da y h e sa w a n oth er tree w h ose fr u it a ppea red ,

even m or e tem p ti ng He cl im bed it p icked so m e fr u its a n d

.
, ,

a te th em To h i s s u r pr i
. se h i s h or n s i m m ed ia tely fell off
, He .

wr a pped som e of th i s fr u i t up i n hi s h a ndker chi ef a n d th en ,

w en t ba ck to fin d th e tr ee w h ose fr u i t h e h a d ea ten th e d a y
before He a g ain a te som e of its fr uit a n d a g a in tw o hor n s
. ,

g r e w o u t o f h i
s h ea d T h e n h e a te so m e o f. t h e o t h e r k ind ,
 14 Mem oirs of the A m er i
ca n Folk L or e Soci
-
ety .

”
fin d doctor H ere tr y som e o f th is food cook ! sa id th e
a .
, ,

helper g i vi,ng h im som e of th e sa m e food h e ha d pr ep a r ed for

th e ki ng Th e cook tr ied it a n d it w as g ood ; b u t to h is a l a r m
.
, , ,

h e fel t tw o h or n s on h i s h ea d To pr even t r u m or s fr om r ea ch .

in g th e ea rs of th e ki n g th e you th th en g a ve th e cook a g l a ss of
,

th e w a ter h e h a d prepa r ed a n d th e h or n s fell o ff Wh il e th e

, .

ch a r coa l m a ker w a s pl a yi
-
ng th is tr ick on th e coo k he r el a ted ,

th e s to r y o f h is m ag i ca l pu rse a n d h ow h e h a d l ost i t , .

“
C h a n g e you r cl oth es th en a n d g et r ea dy a n d I w i , ll presen t , ,
”
y o u to t h e k in g a s th e d o c t or sa id t h e coo k , .

Th e h elper th en d r essed h im self j u s t l i ke a doctor of su rg er y ,

an d w a s co ndu cted by th e coo k i n to the king s p r esen ce ’

.

Doctor I w a n t you to do a ll you ca n a n d u se th e bes t of

, ,

you r w isd om to ta ke ofi th ese hor n s from ou r h ea d s B u t

’
, .

before doing it prom i se m e fi rs t th a t you w i

, ll n ot unfold th e
m a tter to th e peopl e ; for m y qu een m y d a u g h ter a n d I w o uld , ,

ra th er d i e th a n b e kn ow n to h a ve l i ved w i th h or n s If you .

s u cceed i n ta ki ng th em off you s h a ll inh er it on e h a lf o f m y ,

-

”
king d om a n d ha ve th e h a nd of m y fa ir d a ug h ter sa id the ,

king .

“
I do p ro m ise B u t l isten 0 king ! In or der to g et r id of
.
,

th ose h or n s you m u s t und erg o th e sever est tr ea tm en t w h i

, ch ,

m a y ca u se you r d ea th r epl i ed th e doctor , .

“
It i s n o m a tter If w e s hould d ie w e w o uld r a ther die
.
,
”
h om less th a n l i ve w i th h or n s sa id th e king , .

After th e a g reem en t w a s wr i tten ou t th e d octor or d er ed th e ,

tr ea tm en t Th e ki ng a n d th e queen w er e to b e w h ipped un til

.

th ey bl ed w h i l e th e pr incess w a s to da n ce w ith the doctor un til

,

s h e beca m e ex h a u s ted Th ese w er e th e r em ed i . es g iven by the

doctor .

Wh il e th e king a n d queen w er e being w h ipped the doctor ,

w ho w e m us t rem em ber w as th e coo k s h elper

’

, w en t to th e
,

kitch en to g et the j ar of w a ter w h ich h e h a d pr epa r ed Th e .

cr u el ser va n ts w h o w ere Scou rg i ng th e king a n d the queen took

m u ch d el i g h t in th eir ta s k a n d d id n o t qu it un til th e ki
, n g a n d
qu een w er e a l m os t l ifeless Th e d octor for g ot the r oya l coupl e .

w hi le h e w a s d a n cing w ith the pr in cess a n d found th em j u st ,

a bo u t to d i e He su cceed ed h ow ever i
. n gi ving th em so m e of , ,

“
th e fr u i t w a ter h e h a d m a d e r ea dy a n d th e h or n s fell O i
- l The , .

p r in cess ex h a u s ted a l so a s ked for a dr ink w h en she s topped

, ,

d a ncing a n d th e h or n s fell off h er h ea d too

,
.
 li
Fi pin o P opu la r Ta l es . 15

A few d a ys a fter w a rd s the king a n d th e qu een d ied a n d th e ,

doctor s u cceeded to the th rone w ith th e bea u tiful pr in cess as ,

his wi fe Th en th e d octor told h er th a t h e w a s th e poor ch a r

.

coa l m a ker w h o h a d ow n ed th e m a g i
-
c pu rse th a t s h e h a d s to l en

fro m h im As soon a s he w a s sea ted on th e th ro ne h e m a d e

.
,

his fr i end th e coo k on e o f h i s co u r ti

er s Al th o u g h th e n ew .

kin g w a s unedu ca ted a n d unr efined h e w elco m ed a ll w ise m en ,

to hi s co un sellors a n d h i
s pa l a ce a s h i s ki ng do m pr os pered as ,

it h a d n ever do n e under i ts p r evi

ou s r ul er s .

An other Ta g a l og vers ion ca lled P ed ro s For tu n es a n d n a rra ted ,

’

b y F a cu n d o Esq u i vel o f Nu eva Ec j a r e p r esen ts th e hero a s i

n her i
t r ,

in g the i ble p u r se fr om h is fa ther

n ex ha u s ti .

P ed ro , wit h i h
s w ea t , soo n a ttr a cts th e n o ti lh
ce o f th e p r i n cess , w ho s lyly
h
w eed es h i l
s p u rse a w a fro m h im y
B en t o n r even g e, h e s ets ou t tr a ve i ng. ll .

H u n g er soo n d r ives him to ea t so m e b ea u tifu b osso m s h e n ds o n a l l fi

s tra n g e tree i n th e m o u n ta ins N o soo n er h as h e ea te n , ow ever , t a n
. h h
ho rn s g r ow o u t of h i s for e ea d At r s t i n d es p a i h
r , b u t a ter b eco m i. ng fi l
p hli osoh p i
ca l , h e ea ts so m e olf th e ea ves o f th e t r ee H o r n s d i
s a pp ea r . .

T ki g b l
a n m d l v with h i
osso m h g s an H fi d ea thes t ee , e oes o n . e n s a no er r

with b l m i
mi l t th fi t H t f g f m p p j w E t
o sso s s ar o e rs . e ea s : an s ro u er a . a s

l v f m th m t f g d ia p p
ea es ro e sa T k with hi
e m p im
r ee : an f s s ea r . a es s ec en s o

b th fl w
o d l v o Th id t
er s a n bl m t il p d i g Wh h
ea es . r r ee : osso s a -
ro uc n . en e

ch
re a h m h m k
es o d c ti e, f th the kid a f fl w
es a th g e oc on o e r ee n s o o er s , en oes

the p l c ll l m d f m P di “ ”
to d a a e an seKi g qs e d on a e ro a ra s e. n , u een , an

p i c
r n d i
essk h f g t
r n il A:l l f
f t t
or n s , m v t h manv i s, a s. e or s o re o e e a n.

th t p i h d will b g iv t w h v c '
P cl m ti
ro a a on a r n cess s th an e en o oe er a n cu r e e

roy l f m ily Dig i d

a a d ct
. P d s ki g q
u se d p i
as a o or , e r o cu r es n , u een , a n r n cess

with d c cti a f th th
e o ki d f l v
on o fi t h w v d m di g d
e r ee n s o ea es , rs , o e er , e an n an

g ettin g b a ck hi
s p u rs e . P ed ro i
s m a r ri
ed to p r i
n cess .

Thes e tw o s tor i
es ( No . 2 a n d th e va r i
ant ) b el o n g to th e typ e i
n w h i
ch
th e hero loses a c a r ti
m agi ce l ( or thr ee m a gi c a r ticles ) th r ou g h th e

ck er
tr i y of a b u t r ecover s
p r i
n cess , a gai n b y the a i d o f fr u i
ts t ( them )
i
( b l os s om s ) w h ich if ea te n , c a u se b o di
, ly d efo r m ity , l e p ro s y ,
horn s ,

a ta i l a lo n g n ose , tr a n s for m a tion in to a n a n im a l , or th e l ik e The

, .

r i n cess a v ic tim o f o n e o f thes e fr u i t s w h ich th e h ero c a e h er to

p u s s ,

ea t u n w rtti n g ly, ca n b e r es tor ed to h er fo r m er b ea u ty o n ly b y ea ti ng

o f a n o th er fr u i t whi ch th e h er o d i sg u i s ed a s a p h ys i cia n , su pp l i es on
,

co n d i ti o n th a t th e m a g i c a r ticles firs t s tol en b e g i ven u p A deta iled .

s tu d y o f th i s cycle h a s b een m a de b y A n ttiA a r n e ( p p 85 Aa rn e .

n a m es th e cy cle Th e Thr ee Ma g i c A r ti cles a n d th e W o n der fu l F r u i

“ ”
t .

A fter a n ex a m in a tio n of som e h u n dred a n d for ty five va r ia n ts of the -

s tor y , a ll b u t fo u r o f w h i ch a r e E u r o pea n , h e con cl u des tha t th e ta le

a r ose a m on g th e Cel ts ( B r i tish I s l es a n d F ra n ce) a n d s rea d ea s tw ar d

p
16 Mem oir s of the A m eri
ca n F ol k L ore Soci
-
ety .

(p . and h
t a t the fa rth er we go from thes e two l a n ds , th e m or e
fr eely a re th e or i
g i
n a l ls
deta i of th e s tor y ha n d l ed (p .

Th e pro totype o f th i
s fo l k -
ta e l Aa r n e r econ s tr u cts as follows
( pp 1 24

Th ere h
b ro t er s , so d i
a r e t ree ers h l
Ea c co m es in to the pos ses sio n of . h
a s peci c m a g i fi c a r ti cle O n e ob ta i n s a p u r se w hi
. c is n ever em p t ; the h y
seco n d , a or n w i h c w en b ow n r a ih h h s es a n a r m l
; a n d the t i r d , a m a n tl e y h
w i h h
c tra n s po r ts i ts o w n er w her ever he co m m a n d s i t to g o T
( e o w n er
h .

o f th e p u rse b eg i n s to ea d s u c a u x u r i l
ou s i h l
fe, t a t h e b ecom es a cq u a i n ted l h
wi t h
th e ki n g a n d hi s fa m i )
’
ly
The k in g s d a u g ter dep rives th e ero
. h h
o f hi s m a gi c p u r se He g ets fro m hi . s b ro t er the seco n d m a g i c a r ti c e, h l
b u t th e sa m e t i ng h
a p p en s a g a i h
n : th e p r i n cess s tea l s the or n ik ewi se h l .

A thi r d ti m e th e er o g oes to th e p r ih n cess , ta ki n g th e m a n tle g i ven h i m by

hi s b r o t er h it th e
. W h
e p of t i s , th e hl
er o s u cceed s i n pu ni h s i n g th e h h
p r i
n c ess b y t r a n s p o r tin g h e r to a d i s ta n t i s a n d B u t s h e c e a ts h im a g a in l . h .

I n th e m a g i c m a n t e s he w i s es l
ersel f o m e, ea vi h
n g hi h
m o n th e i s a nd h l l .

h
He a p p en s u p o n a n a p p e-tr ee l
He ea ts so m e o f th e fr u i t, b u t n o ti
. ces

wi t di h sm a t a t or n sy h h
a ve gr ow n fro m h i s h
ea d fter a tim e h e n d s h . A fi
h l
o t er a p p es ; a n d w en h e h a s ea ten t em , th e h or n s d i sa p p ea r a n d he h h ,

reg a i n s hi s or i g in a f o r m U n r ec o l
g n iz ed , th e o
. u t s e ts o u t to s e t o th e y h ll
ki n g s da u g ter so m e of th e
’
h rs t a p p es i fi
t o u t su s p ecti l
n g a n y evi, s h e . W h l
h
ea ts t em , a n d h
o r n s a p p ea r o n h er ea d No o n e i s a b e to cu re h er h . l .

h h
T en the ero a p pea rs a s a for ei g n p s i c i
a n a t th e c o u r t o f t h e kin ghy
, a n d
m a k es r ea d hi s cu r e y He g i ves th e p r i . n cess en o u g of th e g ood a p p e to h l
ca u se th e h
o r n s to d ecr ea se i n si ze In t i s wa y he com p e s h er to g i . ve h l
hi m b a ck th e s to en a r ti c es l l .

Th e Ta ga log ver s i bly fr om th is

on s o f th e s tor y di
ffer der a
con si

a r chetype No b ro ther s o f th e her o a r e m en ti

. o n ed Th ere is b u t on e .

m agi c o b j ect a n i b l e p u r se : hen ce ther e i

n ex h a u s ti , s n o m a gic fli g h t to

s la n d I n n on e o f Aa r n e s va r i a n ts do w e fin d blossom s p rod u ci
’
an i . ng

hor n s w hich m a y b e rem oved on ly by l ea ves from th e sa m e tree a s ,

in ou r va r i an t Th e ta il prod u ci n g fr u i
. t is fou n d i n ni n e E u ro p ea n
-

ver s i on s ( five F i nni sh tw o R u ss i an tw o I ta l i

an) b u t the fa n g p ro
, , ,
-

n g b lossom i
d u ci s pecu l i
a r o n ly to ou r va r i
a n t; li se th e
k ew i lem on a de
fr om P a ra dise m ethod of d is pen s in g th e ex tra ct I n thir ty-five o f
”
.

sh a n d R u ss i
nni
th e Fi an for m s of the s tor y the her o w hips the p rin ces s
to m a k e her g i ve u p th e s to len a r ti cl es or i n tr od u ces w h i i
pp g
n a s a ,

p a r t o f th e cu r e (cf N o B o th Fil i
p i
n o v er s i
o
. n s en d w i
th t h.e

m a rri a g e of th e her o to th e p r i
n ces s a deta i l often la ck in g in the other ,

versi
on s .

It is im poss i ble to sa y w hen or w hen ce th is ta le r ea ched the P hil ip

p i n es T h e.fa ct th a t th e s tor y d oes n ot seem to b e wides p r ea d i
n th e

I s la nd s su g ges ts tha t its in trod u ction was recen t, w hile the s ep a r a te

in ciden ts poi n t to som e Fi nni s h or R u ss i
a n ver s ion a s sou r ce The .

o n ly crys ta ll i
zed elem en ts fou n d i lipp in es a r e the poor hero s
n th e P h i
’

obta i nin g a m agi c p urse , h i

s a s pi n g to th e ha n d of th e p r i
ri n cess , h er
 Fi
lip i
no P opu la r Ta les . 17

c ob ect, a n d i
theft o f th e m a g i ts r ecover j y by m ea n s of horn -
p ro d u cin g
fr u i
ts . Th e com p l ete s tor y ( )
2 seem s to b e m ore n a ti
ve a n d less
“ ”
m a n u fa ctu r ed tha n th e va r i
ant .

B esi
des Aa rn e di
, for on o f th i
scu ss i s cycle s ee Cos q u i
a g en er a l n,

1 : 1 2 3 1 32 ; R Kb h ler s n otes to Go n zen b a ch s No 31 , a n d h i s va r i

’ '
—
. .

a n ts of thi s s tor y i n Zei ft des Ver ein s fu r Volk s k u n de

tsch r i
m m n otes to No 1 2 2 , Do n k ey C a bb a g es
”
Von Ha h n , 2 : 2 46 2 47 ; Gr i
—
, .

(in Ta les [cd H u n t] 2 4 1 9 F H G room e s The Seer

’
. . .
,

( N o . a p a r t o f w h i
ch res em b l es ver y cl ose ly th e l i
ter a r y for m o f th e

s tory i n th e Ges ta R om a n oru m (ch seem s to ha ve b een o ver .

look ed by Aa rn e .

3 . O
TH E ST R Y O F CAR AN CAL .
l

O n ce upon a ti m e th er e l ived a co upl e w h o h a d l on g b een

m a r ri ld Every Sund a y th ey w en t to chu r ch

ed , b u t h a d n o C h i .

an d begg ed God to g i ve th e m a so n Th ey even as ked th e .

wi tch es in th ei r tow n w h y G od w o uld n o t g ive th em a ch i ld .

Th e w itch es told th em th a t th ey w o uld h a ve o n e a fter a yea r ,

b u t th a t w hen bor n h e w o uld b e no l on g er th a n a s pa n . Never
thele
s s th e coupl e g a ve th a nks .

After yea r a son w a s bor n to th em

a He w a s very s m a ll .
,

a s th e w i tch es h a d for etold b u t h e w a s s tr ong er th a n a n y o n e ,

“ ”
wou ld ex pect s u ch a s m a ll ch i ld to b e It i s s tr a n g e sa i
d a .
,
“
n eig h bo r Why . h e e a ts m or e foo d ,th a n h i
s s to m a ch c a n
”
hold .Th e b oy g r ew l a rg er a n d l a rg er a n d th e a m oun t of ,

food h e a te beca m e g rea ter a n d g r ea ter Wh en h e beca m e fo u r .

feet tal l h is d a ily r equ ir em ents w er e a ca va n of rice a n d tw en ty

,
2

“
five p o unds of m ea t a n d fish I ca n t im a gin e h ow so s m a ll ’
.

a per so n ca n ea t so m u ch f ood sa id h is m oth er to h er husba nd , .

“ ”
He i s lik e a g r assh o pper : he ea ts a ll th e tim e .

Ca r a n ca l as th e b oy w a s ca ll ed w a s ver y strong a n d ver y

, ,

ki n d h ea r ted
-
He w a s th e l ea d er of th e o th er boys of th e tow n
.
,

for h e co uld bea t a ll o f th em i n w r es tl i

ng .

After a few yea rs th e fa m i ly s p r oper ty h a d a ll b een sold to ’

buy food for th e b oy Da y a fter da y th ey beca m e poor er a n d .

poorer for C a r a n ca l s fa th er h a d n o oth er bu s in ess b u t fis h ing

,
’
.

So o n e d a y w h en C a r a n ca l w a s a w a y pl a yi n g the w ife sa id to ,
“
her h u s b a nd Wh a t s h a ll w e d o w ith C a ra n ca l ? He w ill
,

m ak e u s a s poor a s r a ts It is better for u s to tell h i m to g o

.

ea r n h is livi n g for he is old enou g h to w or

,

Na rr a ted b y Jose P Ga s do . a Ta g a log fro m Ba ta n g a s . Ba ta n g a s

. .

Ca s s . a dr y m easure u se i n th e P hi lipp i d
n es . eq ua l to a ou t 7 5 q ua rts b .
18 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k L or e Soci
ety -
.

No i t i
, s a s h a m e to send h i m off sa i
d the fa th er for w e , ,

a s ked God for h i m I w ill tak e him to th e fores t a n d th er e

.

kill him ; a n d if the n ei g hbo r s a s k h ow h e d i

ed , w e w i
ll sa y th a t
”
an d n t befell h im w h ile cu tting tr ees
a cci e .

Ea r ly th e nex t m or n ing h is fa th er led C a ra n ca l to th e fores t ,

a n d th ey beg a n to cu t dow n a ver y b i g tr ee Wh e n th e tr ee .

w as a bou t to fa ll C a r a n ca l s fa th er or der ed th e son to s ta nd

’
,

w h ere th e tree i n cl ined ; so th a t w h en it fell C a r a n ca l w as ,

en ti r ely bu r i ed Th e fa th er i
. m m ed i a tely w en t ho m e thi nkin g ,

th a t h i s son h a d s u r ely been ki ll ed ; b u t w hen h e a n d h is w ife

w er e ta lki ng C a r a n cal ca m e h om e w ith th e b i
, g tree o n hi s

S h o uld er s .

Fa th er fa th er w hy di
, d you l ea ve m e a l o n e i
, n th e forest ?

sa id the o bed ien t b oy .

Th e fa th er co uld n ot m ove or s pea k for s h a m e of h i m self , .

He o nly h elped h i s son unl oa d th e h ea v y bu r d en Th e m oth er .

co uld n o t s pea k ei th er for fea r C a r a n ca l m i g

, h t s u s p ec t th e ir

b ad i nten tion s tow a r d h im Accor d i ng l y sh e a n d her hu s ba nd

.

pl a nn ed a n oth er sch em e .

Th e nex t da y C a ra n ca l w a s i nvited by his fa th er to g o fish ing .

Th ey r ow ed a n d row ed un ti l they w er e fa r o u t in to th e blue sea .

Th en th ey p u t th ei r n et i n to th e w a ter Ca r a n ca l d i ve dow n .
,
”
a n d see th a t ou r n et i s sound sa id th e fa th er C a ra n ca l , .

o beyed . In a bo u t a m inu te th e w a ter beca m e r ed a n d beg a n to

foa m . Th i s m a d e th e o ld m a n th i nk th a t h is son h a d been
devou r ed by a b ig fis h so h e r ow ed h om ew a r d Wh en he , .

r ea ch ed h o m e h i s wi fe a n x iou s ly a s ked if C a r a n ca l w a s d ea d ;
,
“ ”
a n d th e hu s b a nd s a i d Yes Th ey th en cooked th ei
, r m ea l
.

a n d beg a n to ea t B u t th ei r s upper w a s n ot h a lf fin i
. s h ed w h en

C a r a n ca l ca m e i n carr yi ng a b ig a ll ig a tor He a g a in a s ked h is

, .

fa th er w h y h e h a d l eft h im a l one to br in g s uch a b ig l oa d Th e .

“ ”
fa th er sa id I th o ug h t you h a d been kill ed by a l a rg e fis h
, .

C a r a n ca l th en a s ked h i s m oth er to coo k h i m a m ea n o f r i ce for ,

h e w a s ti r ed fr o m s w immi ng s u ch a long d is ta n ce .

Th e coupl e w ere n ow d iscour a g ed ; they co uld n ot th i nk o f

an y w a y b y w hi ch to g et r i d of C a r a n ca l At l a s t the i m p a tien t .

“
w om a n sa i d C a r a n ca l you h a d better g o o u t in to th e w or ld
, ,

to see w h a t yo u ca n d o tow a r d ea r n i n g yo u r own l iving You .

”
know th a t w e a re becom ing poor er a n d poor er .

“
Moth er in terr upted th e b oy I rea lly d id n o t w is h to g o
”
,
“
,

a w a y fr o m you ; b u t n ow th a t yo u d ri ve m e as i
, f I w er e n ot
 Fi
lip i
n o P opu la r Ta les . 19

yo u
r so n , I ca n n ot sta y . He pa u sed for a m om en t to w ipe th e
tear s fr om his cheeks . You kno w th a t I love you ; b u t yo u ,

i
n tu r n h a te m e
, Wh a t s ha ll I do ? I a m your son a n d so I
.
,

m u s t n ot d i so bey you B u t before I depa r t fa th er a n d m oth er

. , ,

plea se g ive m e a bol o a b i l

g b o l o to p r o t e ct m
, y se lf in ca se o f ,
”
da n g er .

Th e pa r en ts w ill i ng ly pr om ised th a t h e sh ould h a ve on e .

a n d a f ter two d a ys a n en o r m ou s bo l o five y a r d s l ong w a s fin i s h ed .

Ca r a n ca l too k i t ki ssed th e h a nd s of hi , s p a r en ts
’
a n d th en ,

wen t a w a y w i th a h ea v y h ea r t .

Wh en h e h a d l eft h is l ittl e vill a g e beh ind h e d id n o t kn ow ,

whi ch w a y to g o He w a s l i
'
ke a s h ip w ith ou t a r udd er
. He .

walk ed a n d w a lked un ti l h e ca m e to a for es t w h er e h e m et ,

B u g ton g p a la sa n 8
Ca r a n ca l a s ked h i
. m w h er e h e w a s g oi ng ;
“
an d B u g to n gp a la sa n sa i d I a m w a nd ering b u t I do n ot know , ,

wh er e to g o I h a ve l ost m y pa r en ts a n d th ey h a ve l eft m e
.
,
”
nothing to inh er it .

Do you w a n t to g o w i th m e ? s a i d C a r a n ca l .

”
Yes Sa id B u g ton g p a la sa n
, .

L et u s wr es tl e firs t a n d th e l oser w i ll ca r r y m y bol o sa id

, ,

Ca r a n ca l as a ch a ll eng e Th ey w r es tl ed ; a n d B u g to n g p a la sa n
.

wa s d efea ted so he h a d to ca rr y th e b i
, g b o l o .

Th en th ey con ti nued th eir j ou r n ey un til th ey m et Tu n k od

‘
bola w ho m Ca ran ca l a l so ch a ll eng ed to a w r es tl ing m a tch -
.
,
“ ”
Tu n k od b ola l a ug h ed a t C a r a n ca l a n d sa id Loo k a t th i s! , ,

He twis ted u p a tr ee n ea r by a n d hu r l ed i t o u t of s i g h t , .

“
Th a t is a ll r ig h t L e t u s w r e s tl e a n d .w e w ill see if yo u c a n ,
”
twi st m e sa id Ca r a n ca l s com fu lly SO th ey w res tl ed Th e
, . .

ear th tr em bl ed tr ees w er e upr ooted l a r g e s ton es r o ll ed a bou t ;

, ,

b u t Tu n k od b ola w a s defea ted .

“ ”
H ere ta ke th is bol o a n d ca rr y it! sa id Ca r a n ca l tr iu m ph
,

an tl y ; a n d th ey con ti nu ed th eir j o ur n ey .

Wh e n th ey r ea ch ed th e top of a m oun ta in th ey sa w a b ig ,

m an Th i
. s w as C a r a n ca l ch a ll eng ed h i m ;
b u t M a ca b u h a lb u n do k only l a ug h ed a n d pu s h ed up a h i ll AS , .

8 010 . a cu tla ss-li e k k ni

fe u se d by th ves ei
e na ti ther for cu ltu ra l or
a gri wa r p u r p oses .

Tim u sua l Filim sa l u te of res p ect for pa ren ts or g ra n pa ren ts d .

Th is na m e litera ll y m ea n s . on l y on e pal a sa n [a la r g e p la n t of lla n a ] . Th e h er o w a s

m ca ll ed b ea use he wa s the stron g es t m a n i
n hi
s town .

So ca l le db ea use he u se d a s a ca n e ( Ta g . tu n gk od) th e la r g e c l i
n y di
r ca l pi
ece of i
ro n

used for cr ush i

ng su g a r -ca n e ( Ta g . bola ) .

M y.
“
one w ho ca n over tu rn a m o u n ta i
n.
20 Mem oirs of ca n Fol k L ore Soci
the Am eri ety -
.

th e h ill fell h e sa id Look a t th is h ill ! I g a ve it only a l ittl e

, ,
”
pu s h a n d it w a s over thr ow n
, .

“ ”
Well I a m n ot a h ill sa id C a r a n ca l
, I ca n ba la n ce m y
, .

self . They w r es tl ed tog ether a n d C a r a n ca l w a s once m or e th e ,

wi nner .

The fou r com pa n i on s n ow w a lked on tog eth er Th ey w er e .

a ll w a nd er i ng a bou t n ot kn ow ing w her e to g o When th ey

, .

w er e i n th e m i d st of a th ick w ood th ey beca m e hung r y ; so ,

C a ra n ca l th ei r ca p ta i
,
n or der ed on e of th em to cl im b a ta ll
,

tr ee a n d see i f a n y h ou se w a s n i g h B u g to n gp a l a sa n d id so .
,

a n d h e sa w a b i g h o u s e n ea r th e e d g e o f th e fo r es t T h ey a l l .

w en t to th e h ou se to see i f th ey m i g h t n o t b eg so m e food .

I t w a s a ver y la r g e h ou se ; b u t a ll th e w i ndow s w er e closed a n d ,

i t s eem ed to b e un i nh a bited Th ey kn ocked a t th e d oor b u t .

,

n o on e a n sw er ed Th en they w en t in a n d found a ta bl e cover ed

.
,

wi th d el i cio u s foo d ; a n d a s th ey w er e a l m ost f a m i s h ed th ey ,

l ost n o tim e in d evou r ing w h a t seem ed to h a ve been pr epa red

for th em Af ter a ll h a d ea ten th r ee o f th em w en t hun ti
.
, ng ,

l ea ving B u g ton g p a la s a n beh ind to cook m or e food for th em

agai n st th eir r etu r n .

Wh il e B u g ton g p a la sa n w a s coo king h e fel t th e ea rth tr em ble , ,

an d i n a s h or t ti m e h e sa w a b i g g ia n t a s ce nd in g t h e s t a ir s o f
“ ” l “
the h o u se s a yi ng , H o baj o ta o ca in co
, w hi
, ch m ea n s I ,

s m ell a m a n w h om I w ill ea t B u g ton g p a la s a n f a ced hi . m ,

b u t w h a t co uld a m a n d o to a b i g g ia n t ? T h e m o n s te r pull ed
a ha i r o u t of h i s h ea d a n d ti ed B u g ton g p a la s a n to a post Th en .

h e cooked h i s own m ea l After ea ti ng h e w en t a w a y l ea vin g

.
, ,

hi s pr i s o n er in th e h ou se .

When th e th r ee a rr ived th ey w er e ver y a ng r y w ith B u g ,

ton g p a la s a n beca u se n o food h a d been pr epa r ed for th em ; b u t

th ey un ti ed h i m a n d m a de h i ,m g et th e m ea l Tu n k od b ola .

w a s th e n ex t on e l eft beh i nd a s cook w h ile th e o th ers w en t

hun tin g b u t h e h a d th e s a m e ex per ience a s B u g ton g p a la sa n
, .

Th en Ma ca b u h a l b on dok ; b u t th e Sa m e th i ng h a ppened to h im
too .

I t was n ow C a r a n ca l to tr y h i
th e tu r n s wi of
t, s tr en g th , a n d
lu ck B efor e th e th r ee l eft, h e h a d th em s h a ve h is h ea d Wh en
. .

the g i a n t ca m e a n d sa w th a t C a r a n ca l s h ea d w a s w h i
’
te h e ,
“ ”
l a ug h ed It i
. s a ver y fin e th i n g to h a ve a w h ite h ea d , sa id
the g i a nt Ma ke m y h ea d w h ite too
.
”
, .

1 F or th e F ee-fi-to-fu m p h ra se i
n fol kt l -
a es . see B olte- Polivk a . 1 2 89- 2 9 2 .
22 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n F ol k L or e Soci
ety -
.

The un m a rr i
th ree ed m en l ived w i th B u g ton gp a las a n By .

th is ti m e th ey w ere know n n ot only thro u g h ou t th e w h o l e

king dom w here they w ere b u t a l so in oth er coun tr ies Th ey
, .

h a d n ot enj oyed a yea r s h osp i ty i

ta l i
’
n B u g ton g p a la sa n s h om e
’

w h en a l etter a dd r essed to th e fo u r m en ca m e I t w a s as .

follow s

I ha ve hea r d tha t you ha ve s u per h u m a n s tren g th w h ich I n ow ,

g r ea tly n eed Ab ou
. t a w eek a g o a m o n s ter fis h fl oa ted u p to th e s hore

of m y tow n . s deca y i
It i ng , a nd ha s a m os t ofl en s i
ve odor . My m en
n va i
i n ha ve tr i
ed to d r a g th e fis h o u t i n to the m idd le o f th e sea I .

wri te to i n for m you th a t i f yo u ca n r i t, I w i

d u s of i ll let on e of you
m a r r y m y pr etties t da u g h ter .

K I NG WALANGTACU T
.
1

After C a r a n ca l h a d r ea d th e l etter h e i ns tan tly r em em ber ed

,

th e fish th a t h a d h elp ed th em i ng Th e th r ee com

n tr a vell i .

pa n ion s m a de them selves rea dy , ba de B u gton gp a la sa n g ood -b y,

a n d set o u t for Wa la n g ta cu t s ki They tr a velled o n
’
ng do m .

foot, for th e p l a ce w a s n ot ver y fa r a w a y .

In ever y tow n they pa ssed th r oug h the peopl e cr ied Hu rr a h , ,

”
for th e str on g m en ! Th e king r ecei ved th em w i th a ba nqu et ,

a n d a l l th e h o u ses of th e tow n w ere d ecor a ted w i th fl a g s In a .

w or d every on e w elcom ed th em
,
.

After th e ba nquet w a s over th e th r ee m en m a r ch ed w i

, th
the ki ng a n d a ll h is co unsellors kn i g h ts, duk e s a n d t h e c o
, m m o n ,

peo pl e to w h ere th e deca ying fish la y In th is test too C a ra n .

, ,

ca l w a s th e o nly s u cces s ful o n e Ag a i n h e refu sed to m a r r y

.

b u t a s the pr i ncess w as ver y a nx iou s to h a ve a s tr on g m a n for

h er hu sba nd Tu n k odb ola w a s ch osen by Ca r a n ca l a n d h e
, ,

beca m e h er hu sba nd .

Th e fa m e of th e s tr ong m en w a s n ow n ea r ly un i vers a l All .

th e s u rr o und i ng k i n g s sen t con g r a tul a ti on s Th e her oes r e .

cei ved offers o f m a r r i a g e from m a ny bea u ti ful l a d ies of th e

n eig hbor ing king dom s .

O n e da y w hen C a r a n ca l a n d Ma ca b u h a lb u n dok w er e ta lki ng

tog eth er on e o f th em sug g es ted th a t th ey g o on a noth er j our n ey
, .

Th e oth er a g r eed a n d both o f th em m a de pr ep a r a ti

, on s Bu t .

w h en th ey w er e a bou t to sta r t a letter from a n o ther ki

, n g ca m e ,

a dd r essed to C ar a n ca l Th e k i
. ng sa id in his letter th a t a
g r ea t s to n e h a d f a ll en in h is p a r k I t is so b ig. th a t I th o u h
g t
Lit era ll y, wi
th o u t fea r . fea r less .
 lipi
Fi no P opu la r Ta les . 23

i
t w as th e sk y tha t fell , h e w r ote . I am wi
ll i
n g to m a rr y

yo u to m y yo un g est da ug h ter if you ca n rem ove it fr om its

”
p r ese n t pl a c e s a id ,th e kin g .

Th e tw o fr iends a ccepted th e i nvita ti on an d i m m ed ia tely ,

b eg an th ei r j o u r n ey They tr a velled by la nd a n d sea for

.

m a ny a d a y At l a s t they r ea ch ed the pla ce

. There th ey .

fou n d th e sa m e s tone w h i ch th ey h a d r em oved befor e As .

h e kn ew tha t h e could n ot m ove i t fa r en ou g h Ma ca b u h a l ,

bu ndok d id n ot m a ke a n y a ttem p t : C a ra n ca l w a s a g a in the

on e w ho di d the wor k .

O n ce m ore Ca ra n ca l r efu sed to m a rry I a m too young .

” “
y e t to m a r r y h e s a,id to th e ki n g In m y pl a ce I w i
l l p tu .

m y co m pa n i on So Ma ca b u h a lb u n dok w as m a r ried
. .

C a r a n ca l r em a i n ed a ba ch el or for he did n ot w ish to h a ve a ,

wi fe Th e th r ee pr inces con sidered h im a s th eir fa th er thou g h

.
,

h e w a s young er th a n a n y o f them For a l ong ti m e C a r a n ca l .

lived w i th ea ch of th em a yea r i n r o ta tion Not long a fter .

th e m a r r i a g e of Ma ca b u h a l b u n do k the fa th er ln la w o f B u g ,
- -

to n g p a la sa n d i ed a n d so B u g ton g p a l a sa n beca m e th e ki
, ng .

Then th e foll ow i ng yea r Tu n k odb ola s fa ther ln la w d ied a n d ’

- -
,

Tu n k od b o la beca m e a l so a king After m a ny yea r s th e fa th er .

in la w
-
of Ma ca b u h a lb u n dok d ied a n d Ma ca b u h a lb u n dok ,

s u cceed ed to th e th r on e Thus C a r a n ca l w a s th e benefa ctor

.

o f thr ee ki ng s .

O n e da y C a r a n ca l th o ug h t of vi siting h is cr u el pa rents a n d
of li vi ng w ith th em So h e set ou t ca rr yi
. n g w ith h im plenty ,

o f m o ney w h i , ch th e th r ee ki ng s h a d given h im Th i s tim e hi s .

p a r en ts d i d n o t d r i
v e h im a w a y f or h e h a d m u ch w e a l th , .

C a r a n ca l l ived on ce m or e w i th h is pa r en ts a n d h a d thr ee ki ng s ,

u nd er h i m .

N OT E S .

s s tor y
O f thi I ha ve eig ht va r ia n ts a s follows ,

( )a P u so n
g ( V i y ) t
sa d b y F
an m i ,
T a l b
n a rr a e er n or r a.

c l)
”
( b) C b g b oc ( B i
a a t d by P o i fi
, B c
n a rra e j ac co u en o n se o .

S d pa l ( T g l g ) l Ej cit
”
( c) an a at d b y Pi
a o , n a r ra e ar er o.

t d by A t ci Vi ll g
“ ”
( d) Sa d g c l ( P m p g )
n an a a an an , n a rr a e na s a a e as .

( )
e G e dy J
r e ( P m
ua n
p g ) t
aed b y W e c
an l oan V it g, n a rr a n es a u .

(f ) J T po
ua n ( Ila c a n )
”
t do b y C G i no ll
, n a rr a e . ro n e a .

(g ) D g d g
an an ( Il
an ca an) t d b y S lov d no R y
, n a r ra e a a or e es .

( h) T g an g ( I
a ra n b g
an )
”
t d b y C
a na d i
d M , l
n a rr a e an o o r a es .

The i den ts
n ci of th i
s c ce m yl ay b e ta bu l a ted th u s .
24 M em oi
rs o f the Am eri
ca n Folk -L or e Soci
ety .

A Th e he o w h e r , hor n , i
s o nl
n a s pa n i n y
en g t , a n d n ever g r ows ta er l h ll
th a f f n o u r eet . ly
He ea r deve op s a n en or m ou s a p petite, a n d b y th e l
ti
me he i s tw e ve l
ea r s o ld h e h a s ea ten hi y
s p a r en ts o u t of ever y
t hi g n .

B Att m p t
e s (or u n cl e) to g et r id of the h ero : ( B ) b y lettin g
of p a r en ts
a tr ee fa ll o n h i m ( B ) b y th row i n g him in to a d ee p w ell a n d th en
’
,

s to n in g hi m ( B ) b y co m m a n di n g hi m to d ive i
n to r i
'
, ver to rep ai r

fis hi ‘
n g n et ( B ) b y pers u a d i
-
n g hi m to en ter w r es tlin g m a tch w i th -
,

th e k i n g s ch a m p i
' ‘
on ( B ) b y p u s hi n g hi
m in to the sea o r b y p u s h i
, ng

ro ck s o n hi
m at th e sea s ore h .

’
fi
C H ero s r s t ex p oits : ( C ) ca rr i n g tree l om e o n hi s s o u ders , ( C )
1
y h h l ’

ki i ll
n g croco die i n ri ver , o r k in g of s es i ln th e sea , ( 0 ) esca p e fro m fih
‘
th e w e , ( C ) d efea ti ll
n g c a m pi on h .

h
D The er o n ow deci des to ea ve o m e, ( D ) ta ki 1
n g wit him a s tr o n g l h h
l
c u b a n en or m ou s b o o , o r a n en o r m o u s to p s w o r d , a n d s ea t
, l , h h .

l
E O n his tr a ve s h e m eets two ( t ree) s tro n g m en , w o m h e s u rp asses h h
i n s tr en g t
1
h
tes ts ; or ( E ) t r ee m en , w o m h e
-
ir es T e a ll h h h . hy
y l
j ou r n e a o n g toge t er , seek in g a dven tu res h .

F Tas k s of the co m p a n i o n s : ( F ) k ili

1
n g of trou b eso m e g i a n t b y th e er o l l h
a fter th e m o n s ter h a s wors ted th e tw o o t er s tr o n g m en , ( F ) re
’
h
l
m o va o f a r g e s to n e fr o m k i l
n g s g r o u n d s , ( F ) r em o va o f en o r m o u s
’
'
l
d eca i y‘
n g fish , ( F ) k i i n g o f tw o g i a n ts, ( F ) k i
5
lin g s even ll
ea ded l -
h
m a n , (F b a tteri n g, b owin g , a n d ru n n i n g co n tes t w i t ki ng s l h '

s tr o n g m en .

G H er o m a rr i
es ofl
'

hi
s co m p a n i
o n s , but r em a i
n s si
ng e l him lf se , a nd (G ) 1

retu r n s h om e to liv e wi
t h hi
s p a r en ts , eih
t er fo r g ood or fo r on ly
a s h or t ti
me .

Thes e i s tri
den ts a r e d i
n ci bu ted a m on g the d ifl er en t vers ion s th u s
‘ 1 “ ’
D EF F F G Gl

‘ ‘
AB E D

‘
AB B C C DG
’I l ’

‘
D EF G
I

U p to th e p oi n t w her e th e h er o l ea ves hom e , th ese va r i ou s Fi l ip in o

s tor ies a gr ee i n th e m a i n : ie , th e h er o i s a dw a r f of s u per h u m a n . .

n a r y ea ti
s tr en g th a n d ex tr a o rd i n g ca pa ci s p a r en ts (or g u a r di
ty ; h i an) -

a re dr i ven by pover ty to a ttem p t to k i ll h im (u su a lly twice, som etim es

thr i ce) , b u t their efl or ts a r e va i n ; h e fin a lly deter m i n es to lea ve hom e ,

often ta k i ng wi th h i m s om e m i h
g yt w ea p o n F ro m th is p oin t o n t h e .
,

n a rra ti
ves di ffer w id ely Al l a r e a l i
ke in th is r es pect, however : th e.

her o n ever m a rr i es ou s ly th i
O bvi s gro u p of s tor i
. es is co n n ected with
w ell k n ow n Eu ro pea n cycl es o f fol k ta l es ,
“ ”
two - -
Stro n g H a n s
and
“
J ohn th e B ea r .
”
The p oi
n ts o f r esem bl a n ce ll ca ted
n di
wi be i
 Fi
lipin o P opu la r Ta les . 25

b elo w i
n an an a lysis of th e in ciden ts fou n d in th e m em ber s of ou r gr ou p .

( Va r i
a n ts a re r efe r r ed to b y ita l i
c i
z ed l ow e r ca s e l ett er s th u s : a [ P u so n g]
-
,

b [C a b a gb oc] etc ,No 3 r efer s to ou r com p l ete s tor y o f

. .

A H ero i b o a e l t of h ildl c pl
s rn s r su c i g p ti
c ti to H
ess v ou
’
e s un ea s n e on s ea en

(3 , f g)
a , d
, i l y,a an
p a i l s on
g th w h b ( c d g
S ) T hn f n en en o rn , , . ree o

the t l do ti a yth i g d fi i b t th h b ith

’
a es t m no t en on n n e n e a ou e er o s r

( b , h )
e, I ll. h w v n ah i a m
, i ig oifi c t ei d i
c t
er ,i g th e fa ct
s n e s s n an , n a n

th a t h i eith e dwa f
s w er d f lly tr g
a a g l tt
r , or(3 on er u s on , or u on
“
C a r a n ca l , fro m da n gk a l , Ta g
a palm ; [a ] P u so n g , fro m Vis
. .

p u s o,
“
p a u n c , b el ; [ b] h C a b a g b o c, fr ly
o m B ico ,
“
s t r o n g ; [ c] l
”
Sa n da pa l , fro m Ta g da pa l , a Sp a m [d] Sa n d a n g ca l , fro m P a m p a n
.

g a n da n g k a l Ta g ; [f ] T a p o n , o ca n o
. fo r
“
s o r t ;
”
[g ] a n d [ h ] Il h
Ta n ga r a n ga n a n d Da n g a n da n g a n , fro m loca n o da n ga n , a I
a d escr i b es th e ero a s a vi ng h“
a bi g e a d a n d a r h
g e s to m ac , h l h
b u t as b ei ng ver , ver y y
s tr o n g , h e a te a sa ck o f cor n o r r i ce ever y
da y
”
. I n b th e er o
“
h
h a d g r ea t s tr en g t even w en a n i n fa n t
”
h h .

Sa d g ca l ( )
n a n d r eq u i r ed a ca r a b a o- i ver ever m ea I n e th e er o s
’
l y l . h
vora ci o u s a p peti te i s m en ti o n ed Th e er o in c wo u d ea t ever . h l y
t i h
ng i n th e o u se, ea vi h
n g n o food fo r h i l s p a r en ts
”
J u a n Ta po n .

h h “
y
(f ) , w en t ree ea rs old , u sed to ea t da i a f a ga n ta of rice a n d a ly h l
p o u n d o f m e a t, b es i d e s fi s h a n d v eg e t a b es ;
”
th e q u a n tit o f foo d l y
h e r eq u i red i n crea sed s tea di l u n ti w en h e w as fo u r teen , h i y s p a r en tsl h,

l
co u d n o o n g er s u p p or t h i l m H o wever , h e n ever g r ew ta er t a n . ll h
a s ix ea r - l
-
y
o d b oy Da n g a n d a n g a n (g ) co u d wa k a n d ta lk th e
. l l
d a y he w a s b o r n He co u d ea t o n e ca va n o f r i
. l
ce a n d o n e ca ra b a o

dai l y h
Th e ero of h wa s so g r eed t a t b y th e tim e h e w a s a
. ou n gy h y
m an
”
hi h
s fa t er cou d n o o n g er s u p po r t h i l m He i l
s d escr i b ed a s a .

d w a rf
”
I n c a n d d t er e i
. s not i n g to i n di h
ca te t a t th e ero w a s h h h
l y
n o t a w a s a To m T u m b i n si ze h .

ly h
Nea r a ll t ese deta is m a y b e fou n d d u p i l
ca ted i n Mar chen o f th e l
h “
J o n th e Bea r a n d Stron g H a n s t p es Fo r a n a og u es see
” ”
y . l ,

F ri ed ri c
’
h
P a n zer s B eo w u f, pp 2 8 33 4 7 4 8 , 50 52
— —
l I n G ri mm s
.
,
-
.
’

s to r y
of th e
“
Yo u n g Gia n t ( No 90) the ero , w en b or n w a s . h h ,

on ly
as bi g a s a t u m b , a n d fo r se h
v e r a ea rs d id n o t g r o w o n e a ir s ly h ’

b rea d th B u t a gi
. a n t go t o d of h i m a n d s u ck ed h i h l
m fo r si x ea r s , l y
d u rin g w i c ti h h
m e h e g r ew ta a n d s tro n g , a fter th e m a n n er o f ll
g ia n ts I t is .in t e r es t in g to n o te t a t n on e o f t h e n i n e F i ip in o v e r h l
si o n s m a k e a n y r eferen ce to a n a n i m a l p a ren ta g e o r ex tr a or di n ar y
so u r ce o f n ou ri s m en t o f th e h er o h .

y
B Th e p o ver t of th e p a r en ts i s th e m o ti ve fo r t ei r a ttem p ts o n h i s i fe h l
in a , c, d, e, f , h I n a th e m o t er p r o p oses th e s c em e ; i
. n h , th e h h
fa t er ; ih n g i ti s th e b o
'
y
s u n c e, b y w o m h e h a d b een a do p ted w en l h h
hi s pa ren ts d i ed T i s
“
u n n a tu ra
.
p a r en th
s
”
m otif i s l a c k in g i n th e l
E u r o pea n va ria n ts .

B " ‘ iW h
t th e va r i o u s a ttem p ts to d es tro the ero m a y b e d i s cu s sed h i s y h
esc
a p es The “
fa ll i g tr ee
n -
”
ep i
so de occu r s i
n a ll th e s to ri
es

b ut on e ( b) . Th e h i i cid t a c d ct d i v i
even ts o f t s n en re on u e n a r ou s

th h i t ld t ca tch th wh t f ll
”
w a ys . In a , c, h, e er o t i
s o o e r ee en a s,

so th a t h e ca n ca rr y it h m e ( i c th h i p hed clea i to th e
o n e ero s us r n
26 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n Fol k L ore Soci
ety -

g r o u n db y the wei g t o f t h e t r ee ) h I n d t h e fa t e r d i r e c t.s h is so n to h

s ta n d i n a cer ta i n p a ce,
“
l
so t a t th e tr ee w i n o t fa h o n hi m ll ll
h
b u t w en Sa n d a n g ca l s ees t a t h e i h
s a b o u t to b e cru s ed h e n i m b h , ly
j u m ps a side u n ob ser ved b y h is fa t er , w ho t in k s h im k i ed I n f h h ll .

th e tree i s m a d e to fa on the b od ll
o f the s eep i ng ero y
In g l h .

Da ra n g da ra n g i s to d to s ta n d b esi l de th e tr ee b ei n g cu t : i t fa s o n ll
hi m I n a l l th e s tor i
. es b u t d th e ero perfor m s the fea t o f ca r r i h ng y
h
o m e a tr ee o n hi s s o u ld ers ( C ) hT i s ep i sod e i s n o t u n co m m o n
. h
i n the E u r o p ea n ver si o n s ( see P a n zer , op ci t, p b u t t er e th e . . . h
h
er o p erfor m s i t w ie o u t a t servi hl
ce B y th e p rocess of co n ta m i . na

ti o n t ese tw o i h n cid en ts a ve wo r k ed t ei r wa y i h n to a n o t er h h
F ii p inlo s to r n o t o f o u yr c c e , t h e V isa a nyl s t o r o f
“
J u a n t h e y y
”
Stu den t ( see JAFL 1 9
h
O f th e o t er m et od s o f p u tti h n g a n en d to th e er o s i
’
fe, th e w e h l ll
ep i sod e i s th e m os t co m m o n I n d a n d h fa t er a n d so n g o to d i
.
g a h
w el l Wh.en i t i s sever a l m etr es d ee p , th e fa t er r a i n s s to n es o n h
the b o y, w ho i s wo r k i n g a t th e b o tto m , a n d ea ves h i m fo r d ea d l ,

I n g th e er o i h
s sen t d o w n a w e to fin d a os t r i ll
n g ; a n d w ie he i s l hl
h
t er e, s to n es a n d r o ck s a r e t r o w n o n h i m b y hi h
s tr ea c er ou s u n cl e h .

h
I n a ll t r ee the er o esca p es , wi h ser , b u t n o n e th e w o r s e, for hi s ad

ven tu r e T i s i n ci den t i h
s very co m m o n i n E u r o p ea n m em b ers

o f th e c cl e y
B o te a n d P o i
. l
vk a ( 2 : 2 88 2 92 ) n ote i
—
l ts occu r r en ce
i n twen t -five d i y
fl er en t s tori es
'

“
y ”
I n ou r s tor of Ca ra n ca l , a s h a s b een rem a r k ed , a n d i n e, th e fa t er h
co m m a n d s h i s so n to di ve i n to d eep w a ter to see i f the fis h i n g n et -

i s i n ta ct Seei . l
n g b ood a n d foa m a p pea r o n th e s u rfa ce o f th e w a ter ,

h
th e fa t er g oes o m e, co n den t t a t h e i h s ri fi
d of h i h
s so n a t la s t ; b u t n o t

l
o n g a fter w a r d w en th e p a r en ts a re ea ti
, h n g , th e er o a p pea r s , ca r ry h
i n g on hi s S o u der a h l h
u g e cr ocod ie h e h a s ki ed ( C )
3
ln a o g o u s to ll . A l
t i h
s ex p o i t i l
s Sa n d a p a l s ca p tu r e o f th e k i
'
n g o f the s es a fter hi s fih ,

h
fa t er h a s fa i t ess p u s hl ly
e d h i m o v e r b o a r d h in t o t h e d e e p s ea ( c) .

h fi h
Th e ero s g t u n der wa ter w it a m o n s tr o u s fis h o r cr ocod ie, th e
’
h l
l
b ood a n d fo a m te i ll
n g th e s to r y
o f a d es p er a te s tr u g g e g o i n g on , l
r em i n ds o n e s tr o n g ly
o f B eo w u f s g t w i t G r e n d e l
'
l fi h
s d
’
a m h .

l
I n c, a s a a s t r eso r t, th e fa t er ta k es h i h
s so n to the k i n g a n d h a s th e ,

b es t r o a w a rri yl or g t th e s m a fi h
b o y S a n d a p a c o n qll
u e rs in fi v e. l
mi n u tes I n f th e fa t er p er su a des hi
. h
s so n to e n ter a w r es tl i ng

m a tc h hl e d b y th e k i ng J u a n ea si t ro ws a ll h is o p po n en ts
. ly h .

W h h
it t i s i n ci d en t co m p a r e th e Mi dd e E n g i s Ta e o f G a m elyn l ”
-
l h l
( 11 1 8 3 7 )
.
—
2 0 a n d S a k e s p e a r e s
“
h
A s Y o u L ik e I t
”
(
’
a c t i sc , .

I n a the fa t er , a t th e i h n s ti g a t io n o f h i s w if e, p u s es a r g e r o c k s fr om h l
a ci l
ff do w n u p o n hi s so n b y th e sea s o r e ; b u t the so n retu r n s h
om e h
l
a ter , r o i ng a n i ll
m m en se b o w der t a t t r ea ten s to cr u s l h
the o u se h h h .

‘ fi h l
D, D Sa tis ed t a t h e is n o o n g er w a n ted a t o m e, th e er o sets o u t o n a d h h
ven tu r es (a , g , h ) , ta k i n g a o n g wi t hi l
m a s a w ea p o n a b o o five a r ds h l y
l
on g or a m i g t b o o hi hy
s fa t er h a d g i l ven h i m, h
s u c a on e t a t h h
n o n e b u t th e ero co u d wi h e d i l l
t ( g ) o r a s o r t s to u t c u b ( h) , In b h l .

th e p a r en ts a r e n o t cr u e to t ei r so n l h
The er o ea ves o m e wit . h l h h
the k i
n d es t of l
n g fo r h i
fee i s fa t er He ca rr ies a h . l g with h im a n
on

en or m o u s h y h
to p , so ea v t a t fo u r p er so n s co u d n o l t li
ft i
t d w hi
ch , an ,
 Fi
lipino P opu la r Ta les . 2 7

w h ld b e h ea d f m il ; a l g w d m a d b y a b l ck
e n s p u n , cou r or es on s or e a

smi th ; d a wood e an hea th f it m d b y th f th I the E

n s or a e e a er . n u ro

p ea v ner i f th to y th
s on s o w p o f th h p l y a
es i
m p t t
r e ea ns o e er o a n or a n

p t
ar ( ee P a ze 39
s I cn th t y
r, d w i
th th l e f n e s or en s e sa o

Sa n da pa l to th e k i ng I n d, a fter Sa n d a n g ca l has esca p ed fr o m th e

.

l
w el , h e co m es om e a t n i g t , ha n d , n d in g h is p a r e n ths a s ee p , s a k e fi
s l h
the ou se h
T in k in g it i . h
s a n ea r t q u a k e, t e j u m p fro m the h hy
wi n do w s i n terr o r , a n d a r e ki l ed ( T is in ciden t is a so to d a s a l . h l l
sepa r a te s to r ; see J y
AF L 2 0 : 305, No fter the er o h a s . A h
ea ten u p a ll th e i ves tock h e h a d i l n eri ted b y t ei r d ea t , h e se ls h i hs h h l
p p
r o e r t a n d se ts o uy t o n h is t r a v e s I n e t h e fa t e r se s h is g rel
e d . h ll y
so n to m er c a n ts h
I n f the p a r en ts n a l
.
gi ve u p a ttem p ts o n t ei r fi ly h
’
so n s i l
fe, a n d he g oes a w a to j o i n th e a r m y y .

The co m pa n i on s C a ra n ca l C a b a g b o c ( b) , Sa n da n g ca l (d) , a n d
Da n g a n da n g a n ( g) m ee t wi t ex tr a or di nar h
m e n , w h o a cco m p a n y y
th em o n t ei r tr a vel s h
C a b a g b oc s u r p a sses C a b u a l
.

a n d C a ga b o t U p r oo ter ) in a co n tes t of sk il , a n d t e a g r ee to
”
l hy
g o w i t h i m a s h ih
s se r va n ts D a n g a n d a n g a n m ee t s t w o
. s tr o n g m e n ,

P a ri dis , w h o u p r oo ts fo r es ts w i t hi s a n d s ; a n d A0 10 , th e m i
1
g ty h h h
fih
s er fo r s a r k s , w o se n et i h h
s so a r g e t a t w ei g ts a s b i l
g a s m or ta r s h h
a r e n eed ed to si nk i t B u t n eit er o f t ese two ca n tu r n th e er o s
. h h h ’

l
b o o o ver , en ce th e b eco m e h i h s ser va n tsy Sa n d a n g ca l (d) , w h o .

n ow er e i h
n th e s to r di y
s p a s a n y g r ea t s tr en g t , r a t er o n ly cr a fti h h ly
n ess a n d g r eed , m ee ts o n e a t a ti m e t r ee s tr o n g fe ow s , w o m h e h ll h
p e rs u a d es to g o w it hi m b y p r o m is i n h
g to d ou b e t h e su m t e h ad l hy
b een w or k i n g fo r T ese m en a r e .M h
ou n ta i n Des tro er , w h o co u d
-
y l
d es tr o a m o u n ta i y n wi t o n e b o w o f hi h
s cl u b ; B o wer , w h o cou d l l l
refr es h
th e w o e w or d w i h l
t hi l
s b r ea t ; a n d Messe n g er , w o se h h h
s tep s w er e o n e h
u n d r ed ea g u es a p a r t T i l
s s to r , w i c s ee m s to . h y h h
b e fa r r em oved fro m th e o t er ta es o f th e g r o u p , h a s o b vi h ou s l ly
b een i n fl u en ced b y s tor i es o f th e Sk ifu C o m p a n i on s
”
c c e ( see l l yl
No w er e th e ero m er e
. h di r ects hi h s ser va n ts , d oi ly
n g n on e of

th e wo r k im se f h l
O n the o t er a n d , in 3, b , g , the w o n d er fu
. h h l
co m p a n i o n s a r e m o re o r ess i m pedi m en ta : th e er o l im se f does h h l
a ll the a r d wo r k ; t e h a r e m er e hi s foihy F o r the
“
Gen osse n ly
”
l .

in o t er Marchen o f h “
Jo n h
t e B ea r
”
h
t p e, see P a n zer , 66 7 4 — y
C os q u in , 1 : 9, 2 3 2 7 —
.

‘
F The a dven tu r e wi t th e d em o n i h
n th e o u se i n th e fo res t, r e a ted i n 3, h l
is n o t fo u n d i n th e o t er F ii p i
n o v er s i
o n s o f h
th e ta l e It i l
s fou n d i
n .

Il
the s a n d s , o wever , i h
n th e fo r m o f a s ep a r a te s to r , two w ide d i f y ly
fetch t va ri a n ts of w i c a r e p ri h h
n ted b e ow ( 4 , [a ] a n d T i s l h
i
n ci
den t occu rs i
n n ea r ly a ll the fo k l -
l
ta es o f th e
“
J h o n the B ea r
”

P a rid is m a y p oss i l b e i en ti
fie w i by
th F a d d d er es . th e str o n g m a n w h o m R o r i
g o de d
Vi d ) m eets i
lla s ( th e C i n th e woo s . w h o u p roots d a h u g e tree w i
th w h i
ch to fig h t th e h er o .

b ut w h o i
s fin a lly over com e. F d a eres a n d Ro d ig
r o becom e fas t fr ien ds . Th i
s ch a r a cter

occu p i
es a p ro m i n th e m etr i
n en t p la ce i cs ! tle
r o m a n ce en ti d “
Rod ig r o de Villa s.
”
w hi
ch

ha s been pr i
n te di n th e Pa m pa n g Il o, oca n o . Ta g a l og . an d Bi
co l di l a ects . Aolo m a y b e
a corr u pti
on of A fl ga i
o . rep resen te di
I loca n o sa g a as a g rea t fis her m a n
n . y
Ma n leg en s d
told to -d a y by th e "ca n oe i
n on w i
con n ecti th th e Abra R i ver i n n or th er n . L uzo n . cen tre
ab ou t th e heroi
c A ng el o .
28 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n Fol k L or e Soci
ety -
.

type B o te a n d P o i
. l
vk a , i n t ei r n o tes l to G r i m m , No 91 ( 2 h .

3 0 1 in d ic a t e i ts a pp ea r a n c e in o n e u n d r e d a n d e i g y t -
t ree h h h
W es ter n a n d Ea s ter n s to ri es As P a n zer ha s s ow n ( p 7 7 ) t a t th e
. h . h
mi s tr ea tm en t o f th e co m p a n i o n s b y th e d em o n i n th e w ood s u s u a l ly
l
ta k es p a ce w ie the o n e eft b e i hl nd i s coo k i l
n g food fo r th e o t ers h h
o u t on the u n t, t i s m oti h h
f m ig t m ore ex a ctl b e ca ed the ln h “
y ll
ter r u p ted coo k i
-
ng ep i sode t a n Der Dam on im ha d aus
”
Wl h
( P a n z e r s n a m e f
’
o r it) F o r M ex ic a n a n d m. e r ica n n d i a n v a ri A I
a n ts , see J AF L 2 5 2 44 2 54 , 2 55 Sp a n i s a n d Hi
-
n doo versi .on s a r e h
ci ted b y B o te a n d P o k a ( 2 305, l l
It i s p retty c ea r t a t th e ep i l h
sod e a s n a rra ted i n o u r s tori es 3

a n d 4 ow es n o t i n g to th e Sp a n i s hva ri a n ts m en ti o n ed b y B o te h l .

l
The r em ova of a n en o r m o u s s to n e is a ta sk t a t Ca ra n ca l h a s to per h
form tw i ce T i s ex ibi .ti h h
o n o f s u per u m a n s tren g t i s of a p i ece h h
wi t h
the s tr o n g er o s o t er ex p o i h
ts , a n d h a s n o t i
’
h ng i l
n co m m o n h
wi t h
the tr a n s p a n ti n g o f m o u n ta i ln s b y m ea n s o f m a gi c (F )’
.

l
Th e rem ova of a m o n s tro u s deca in g fis h i s fo u n d i n b a s we y as i n 3 ll .

Ca b a g b oc ca tc es u p th e fis h o n the en d of h i h s sw or d , a n d u r s th e h l
ca r ca ss i n to th e m i dd e o f the ocea n l
T ese ex p oi ts o f th e r ock a n d . h l
th e fis h a r e n o t u n li k e th e fea t o f th e Sa n ta ! er o G u m da , w h o t r ow s h h
th e k i l h
n g s e ep a n t o ver seven sea s ( C a m p b e ,
’
‘
( F ) I n b th e ll
ta s k of s a i n g th e mlya n -
ea tin g g ia n t f a s u p o n C a b a g b o c , a n d h i s ll
co m p a n i o n U p r oo ter , a s th e o t er co m r a d e, B r ea k er , h a s b een m a rr i h ed

to th e k i n g s d a u g ter Th e g i
’
a n ts a r e h na . des p a tc ed b y th e fi lly h
h
er o , w h o cu ts off t ei r ea ds wi t hi h
s sw o r d h
I n g th e tw o s tron g h .

m en P a r i di s a n d A0 10 a re a b o u t to b e s a i n b y th e m a n ea ti -
n g gi ant l
a gai n st w o m t e ha ve b een sen t b y th e hyh er o to g t w e n t h e h fi h , h
her o s u dd en l a p pea rs a n d cu ts o i y l th e m o n s ter s
'
ea d w i t hi s h h
i
m g ty b o o h ( )
F ‘ T hl k i i f a se v n -
e a d d d ll n i a c m m n h “
e .n g o e e ra g o s o o

p a cle in fo k -
ta e s ; a s l
e v en e a d e dl m a n is n o t so u s u a -
h C a b a g b oc, l .

a fter b o t of h i h
s co m r a des a ve b ee n g i ven r o a wi h
ves , j o u r n e s yl y
l
a on e He co m es to a r i
. ver g u a r ded b y a seven ea d ed m a n w ho h -

p r o ve s in v u n e r a b e fo r a w l o e d a yl T e n a m s te r h l
io u s v o ice . h y
ll
te s th e er o to s tr i h
k e th e m o n s ter i n th e m i d d e of th e fo r e ea d , a s l h
t i h
s is the o n p a c e in w i c ly l
it c a n b e m o r ta l w o h h
u n d e d C a b a g b oc ly .

d oes so a n d con q u ers ( F T h e er o s w a g er i

. n g hi s s tr o n g m en h ’

a ga i n st a k i n g s s tr o n g m en w i b e d i
’
scu ssed i ll
n th e n o tes to No 1 1 . .

Th e ta s k o f P u so n g ( a ) ha s n o t b een m en ti o n ed yet fter P u so n g . A

l
ea ves h
o m e, h e j o u r n e s b y i m se f, a n d na y h
co m es to a p a ce l fi lly l
h
w er e th e i n a bi ta n ts a r e fever i h s b u idi n g for ti ca ti on s a g a i hly
n st l fi
the Mor o s , w ho a r e t r ea ten i n g the i s and h B y en d i n g hi s p he l . l
n o m en a l s tr en g t , P u so n g en a b es the p eo p e to h ni s t ei l r for ts l fi h h
in on e n i g t h
O u t of g r a ti tu de t e
. a ter m a k e h i m t ei r hyl
ea d er h l .

h l h
Mo n t s a ter , w en the Moros m a k e t eir r a id , t e a re defea ted b y h hy
P u so n g , a n d ca p tu red wi t a ll t ei r s a ves h
m o n g the w o u n d ed h l . A
l
s a ves a r e the p a r en ts of P u so n g O n r eco g n i zi n g t ei r so n , t e. h hy
in s ta n t di ly
e o f s a m e for t ei h
r p a s t cru e t to h i m h Nor ca n th e ly .

h h
ero b ea r th e s ock a n y b etter t a n t e : h e too fa s d ea d h hy ll .

ADD1TI O N AL NO TES The t r ee w eek s s wi m i n 3 s u gg es ts . h ’

B eow u f s sw i l
m of a w eek a n d h i
’
s g t w i
t th e sea -m o n s
ters ( B eo fi h h
30 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n Fol k L or e Soci
ety -
.

When they rea ch ed the m oun ta in th ey s pr ea d their nets a n d , ,

m a d e thei r d og s r ea dy fo r th e ch as e to see i f an y wi ld a n im a ls ,

w ould com e to th a t pl a ce Not l ong a fterw a r d s th ey ca ptur ed

.

a l a r g e h og Th ey too k i
. t und er a l ar g e tr ee a n d ki lled it .

Th en Sung a a n d Su a c w en t ou t i n to th e for es t ag ain .

Sa cu w a s l eft to pr epa r e th ei r food Wh ile h e w a s busy .

cooki ng he h ea r d a voice sa yin g

, Ha h a ! w h a t a n i ce m ea l , ,
”
y o u a r e p r e p a rin g ! Hu r r y up ! I a m hun g r y O n l oo kin g .

up Sa cu sa w on th e top of th e tr ee a h or r ible crea tu re

, a ,

ver y l a r g e bl a ck m a n w i th a l on g bea r d Th i s w a s P ug u t . .

“
Sa cu sa i d to h im A ba l I a m n ot cooki, n g th is food for you .

My com pa n ion s a n d I a re hung r y ”

.

Well let u s see w h o s h a ll h a ve it then sa id P ug u t a s h e

, , ,

ca m e d ow n th e tr ee At fi r st Sa cu d i d n o t w a n t to g i
. ve hi m
th e food ; b u t P ug u t kn ocked th e hun ter d o w n a n d befo re h e ,

h a d ti m e to r ecover h a d ea ten up a ll th e food Then h e cl i m bed .

th e tr ee a g ai n Wh en Sung a a n d Su s c ca m e ba ck Sung a sa id
.
,

to Sa cu I s th e food r ea dy ? H er e i
, s a deer th a t w e h a ve
”
ca u g h t .

Sa cu a n sw er ed When th e food w a s r ea dy P u g u t ca m e a n d
, ,

a te i t a ll I tr ied to pr even t h im b u t in va in : I could n ot r es ist

.
,

hi
m .

“
Well sa id Sun g a let m e b e th e cook w h ile you a n d Su a c
, ,
”
a r e th e hun ter s Th en Sa cu a n d Su a c w en t ou t a n d Sung a
.
,

w a s l eft to cook Th e food w a s n o soo n er r ea dy th a n P u g u t

.

n a n d a te it a ll a s befor e So w h en the hun ters

ca m e a g a i , .

r etu r n ed br ing in g a h og w ith th em th ey still h a d n oth ing to

, ,

ea t.

Accor d i ng ly Su a c w a s l eft to cook a n d h is com p a n ion s w en t ,

a w a y to hun t a g a i n Su a c r oa s ted th e h og P u g u t s m elled it

. . .

“
He looked d ow n a n d sa i d Ha , h a ! I h a ve a n oth er cook ;
, ,

hur r y up ! b oy I a m hun gr y , .

“
I pr a y you , pl ea se do n o t d epr ive u s of th is food too ,

sa id Su a c .

“
I m u s t h a ve it, for I a m hung ry , s a id P u g u t O th er w ise .

”
I s h a l l ea t you up Wh en th e h og w a s r oa s ted a n ice br own ,
.

P u g u t ca m e down th e tree B u t Su a c p l a ced th e food n ea r th e

.

fir e a n d s tood by i t ; a n d w h en P u g u t tr i ed to sei ze it, th e b o y

pu s h ed h im in to th e fir e P u g u t s bea r d w a s bur n t, a n d it .
’

beca m e kinky 2
Th e b oy th en r a n to a d eep p it He covered
. .

1 A be! on o f s u rp r i
a ver y com m on ex cla m a ti se. It som eti
m es ex p resses d ig
s u s t.

We seem h er e to ha ve a m yth elem en t ex p la i

nin g w h y th e N eg r i
to s
’
r i
ha i s ki ky
n .

See n otes for d fi iti

e n on of pu ma .
 Fi
lipin o P opu la r Ta les .
3 !

i
t on th e top w i th gr ass P u g u t did n ot sta y to ea t th e food ,
.

b u t follow ed Su a c Su a c w a s ver y cunn i

. ng He s tood on .

“
th e o ppos i d e of the p it, a n d sa id , I pr a y you do n ot s tep
te s i ,
”
on m y g r a ss !
I am g oni g to ea t you up , h e stepped
sa i d P ug u t a ng r ily , as

on th e g r a ss a n d fell nto th e p it Th e b oy cover ed th e p it

i .

wi th s ton es a n d ea r th , th i
n king th a t P ug u t w ould peris h there ;
b u t he w as m i s ta ken . Su a c h a d n o t g o n e fa r w h en h e sa w
P u g u t follow i n g h im ; b u t j ust then h e sa w too a cr ocod ile He , , .

s to pped a n d r eso lu tely w a i ted for P u g u t w h om h e g a ve a ,

blow a n d pus h ed in to th e m ou th of the crocod ile Thu s P ug u t .

w a s d estroyed .

Su a c then too k h i s vi cti m s club a n d r etu r ned und er th e tr ee

’
.
,

After a w h i le h is com pa n ion s ca m e ba ck He r el a ted to th em .

h o w h e h a d over com e P ug u t a n d th en th ey a te The n ex t da y

, .

th ey retu r ned to tow n .

Su a c on h ea r i
, ng th a t ther e w a s a g ia n t w h o ca m e ever y
ni g h t in to t h e n e i
g hb o r h oo d to d e v o u r p eo pl e w en t on e n i
g h t ,
“
to en coun ter th e g i a nt Wh en th e g ia n t ca m e h e sa id You
.
, ,

a r e j u st th e th i ng for m e to ea t B u t Su a c g a ve h i m a dea dly .

b l ow w i th P u g u t s club a n d th e g i a n t tu m bled d ow n d ea d
’
.
,

La ter Su a c r i d th e i s l a nd s of a ll th e w i ld m on s ter s a n d beca m e ,

th e r ul er over h i s peopl e .

( )
b THE TH R E E FR I ENDS , TH E M O N K EY , TH E DO G , A N D TH E
CA R A B A O .
‘

O n ce th er e l ived th r ee fr iend s a m o nkey a d og and a , , ,

ca ra b a o They w er e g etti
. n g tir ed o f city l ife so th ey decided ,

to g o to th e co un tr y to hun t Th ey too k a l on g w i th th em r i
. ce ,

m ea t a n d so m e ki
, tch en u ten s i ls .

Th e firs t da y th e ca r a ba o w a s l eft a t h o m e to cook th e food ,

so th a t h i s tw o co m pa n i on s m i g h t h a v e so m eth in g to ea t w h e n
th ey r etu r ned fr om th e hun t After th e m onkey a n d th e dog .

h a d depa r ted th e ca r a b a o beg a n to fr y th e m ea t

, U m .

for tu n a tely th e noise o f th e fr ying w as h ea r d by th e B u iig is iig is

in th e for es t Seei. ng th is ch a n ce to fill h is s tom a ch th e B u iig ,
“
isiig is w en t up to th e c a r a b a o a n d s a i
d W ell fr i
e nd I s,ee , , ,

th a t you h a ve pr epar ed food fo r m e .

F or a n a n sw er th e ca r a ba o m a d e a fu r i
, ou s a tta ck o n hi m .

Th e B u fig i
’
s fig is w a s a n g er ed by th e ca r a b a o s l a ck o f h o s p i ta l i
ty ,

Narra ted by José M H ila r i a Ta g a l g f m B ta ga s Ba ta g a s

. o. o ro a n , n .
32 Mem oirs of the Am er i
ca n Fol k -L ore Soci
ety .

an d, sei
zing h im by th e h n or , th r ew hi
kn ee d eep in to the
m -

ea r th . Then th e B u i i g is fi g is a te up a l l t h e f o o d a n d d is a pp ea r ed .

When the m onkey a n d the dog ca m e h om e th ey s a w th a t ,

ever yth i n g was i n di so r d er a n d found th ei

, r fr i end s unk k n ee

d eep in the g r ound Th e ca r a ba o inform ed them th a t a b ig

.

str ong m a n h a d co m e a n d bea ten h i m i n a fig h t The thr ee th en .

cooked th ei r f ood Th e B u fig is fig i
. s sa w th em cooki ng b u t h e ,

di d n ot d a r e a tta ck a ll th r ee of th em a t on ce for i n un i on th er e
,

is s tr en g th .

Th e n ex t d a y the dog w a s left beh i nd a s cook As soo n as .

th e food w a s r ea dy th e B u fig i , si ig is c a m e a n d s p o k e to h im in

th e sa m e w a y h e h a d s po ken to th e ca r a ba o Th e dog beg a n .

to s n a r l ; an d the B u fig i si igi s t a k in g, o ff e n c e t h r e w h im d o,w n .

Th e dog co uld n o t cr y to h i s co m pa n i o n s for h elp ; fo r i f he di d , ,

th e B u i ig is iigi s w o uld c e r ta i nly k ill h im S o h e r e

. tir ed t o a

cor n er o f th e r oo m a n d w a tch ed hi s un w el co m e g u es t ea t a ll

o f the food Soon a fter th e B u i i i d p u h nk y

’
ii
'

. ig s g s s e a r t r e t e m o e ,

a n d th e ca r a ba o r etu r n ed Th ey w er e a n g ry to l ea r n th a t th e
.

B g g
u fi is fi i s h a d b ee n t h e r e a g a in .

Th e n ex t da y the m onkey w a s cook ; b u t befor e cooki ng he

, ,

m a de a p i tfa ll i n fr o n t o f th e s tove After pu tti . ng a w a y en ou g h

food for h is com pa n ion s a n d h im self h e p u t th e r ice on th e s tove , .

“
Wh en th e B u i ig is iig is c a m e t h e m o
, nk e y s a id v e r y p o l ite ly S ir , ,

y o u h a v e c o m e j u s t in ti m e T h e f
. o o d is r ea dy a n d I h o p e ,
”
you ll com pl im en t m e by a ccepting it
’
.

The B u i ig is iig is g l a dly a cc ep t ed th e o ff er a n d a f t er s itt

, in g ,

down in a ch air beg a n to d evo u r th e food Th e m onkey took

, .

h old o f a leg of th e ch a ir g a ve a j er k a n d sen t h is g u est tu m bl in g

, ,

in to th e p it He th en filled the p it with ea r th so th a t th e

.
,

B u figis i i g is w a s bu r i e d w it h n o so l e m n it y .

Wh en th e m onkey s com pa n ion s a r r ived they a s ked a bou t

’
,

th e B u i ig i s iig is . A t fi rs t t h e m o nk e y w a s n o t in cl in e d to t e ll
th em w h a t h a d h a ppen ed ; b u t on bei n g u rg ed a n d u rg ed by
,
“
them h e fin a lly sa i
, d th a t th e B u iig is i ig i s w a s bu r i
e d t h er e i n
”
fr on t of th e s tove Hi
. s foo l i s h com pa n i o n s cu r i o u s beg a n to , ,

di g up th e g r a v e U .nf or tun a t ely th e B u fi g is fi g is w a s s till a l iv e .

He j u m ped o u t a n d ki , lled th e d og a n d l a m ed th e ca r a ba o ; b u t
th e m onkey cl i m bed up a tr ee a n d s o esca ped , .

O n e d a y w hi le th e m onkey w a s w a nderin g in th e for est h e ,

sa w a bee h i ve o n top o f a vi ne .

Now I ll cer ta i
'
nly kill you sa id so m e on e com ing tow ar d s
,

t
he m o nkey .
 Fi
lipino P opu la r Ta les .
33
‘
Tu r n i
ng a ro und , the m onkey sa w th e B u fig i
s ri
g i
s . Spare
” “
m e, d a n d I w ill g ive up m y pl a ce to you
he sa i , . Th e kin g
h a s a p p oin ted m e to r i ng ea ch hou r of the da y th a t bell up there ,

p o in tin g t o t h e to p o f t h e v in e .

“
All r i h ! I p h p ii n i d h B ii i i
i i
' '

g t a cce t t e o s t o s a t e u g s g s , .

”
Sta y her e w h i le I find ou t w h a t tim e it is s a id th e m onkey , .

Th e m onkey h a d bee n g one a l ong tim e a n d th e B u fig i siigi s , ,

b ecom i ng i m pa ti en t pull ed th e vi ne Th e bees im m ed ia tely , .

buzzed a b ou t h im a n d pun ished him for his cu r iosity , .

Ma d dened w ith pa in the B u iig is iig is w en t in sea rch of th e ,

m on k ey a n d fou nd h i , m pl a yi ng w ith a b o a con str ictor You -

vi ll ain ! I ll n ot h ea r a n y ex cu ses fr om you You s h a ll cer ta inly

’
.

”
di e h e sa i
, d .

“
Don t kill m e a n d I w ill g ive you th i
’
s bel t w h i
, ch th e ki ng
”
ha s g i ven m e plea d ed th e m onkey , .

N ow the B u fig i ,siig is w a s pl eas ed w i th th e b ea u t iful col ors

o f th e bel t a n d w a n ted to possess i , t : so h e sa i d to th e m onkey ,

”
P u t th e bel t a r ound m e th en a n d w e s h a ll b e fr i end s , , .

Th e m on key pl a ced th e b oa con str i ctor a r o und th e body of -

th e B u i ig is iig is T h en h e p in ch ed t h e b.o a w h ic h soo n m a d e ,

a n en d o f h i s en em y .

NO TE S .

Th e pu gu t , a m on g th e Iloca n os and P a m pa n g os , i
s a n octu r na l
sp i
rit, u s u a lly in th e for m o f a g i
g a n tic Neg no '

, fyin g , b u t
terr i n ot pa r

cu la r ly
ti ha r m fu l I t corr es pon ds to the Ta ga log cafr e I ts power
.
l
.

of ra p i d tr a ns for m a ti
o n however m a k es i t a m or e or l ess for m i
da b le , ,

O pp o n en t Som eti m es i . th fier y eyes a

t ta k es th e for m o f a ca t w i ,

mi n u te l a ter a p pea r in g as a l a r g e dog Then i t wi ll tu rn in to a n .

en o r m o u s Negr o sm ok i
ng a la r ge cig a r a n d , fin a lly d i
s a p pea r as a

ba ll o f fire I t li
ves ei th er . n l a rg e tr ees or i
i n a b a n don ed houses and

m i ldin gs
n ed b u i .

B u figisngis i s d efin ed b y th e n a rra tor as m ea n i

ng a l a r g e s tr on g
m a n tha t i
s a wa s l y la u g hin g .
”
Th e w or d i ved fr o m
s der i th e roo t

1 The r oot pu ma i fs di m y
oun n an of th e dil a ects , a n d ha s tw o d iti s n ct m ea n i
ng s

Neg rito ) d d d
“ “
( r) a N eg ro or of th e m oun ta i
ns ; (a eca p i
ta te , or th th e h a n
wi s or feet
cu t ofl
’

. Am on g th e Ta ga logs B icols , , an d Visa ya ns , th e w or di s n ot use dt d o es i

g n a te a
ni
g h t-a
p p ea r i
ng dm e on or m on ster . Ta g .
f
ca re, wh i
ch i
s e uiq
val en t to Iloc .
pu p a . is
s h for Ka fi r .
Spa n i B l u m en tri
tt dfi
e n es cof n th us :
“
N om b re ara be ( k a fir ) . im p or ta d o

p ar loo Es p a noles 6 Po tug ueses ; lo da n loo ca m pe l

r s n os Ta g a los n ci
de la p r ovi a de Ta ya b as

a an d u en de a n tr op dfa g o, a l q ue no g u sts la sa l . En la s p r ovi a s I loca n as

n ci d en o m i
na n
”
a ai loo Ea pa i
lo lea al P u get .

Speak i
ng of ri
th e dem on s a n d sp i ts of n orth ern I n d ia , W . C roo k e wr i
tes (r 1 38 )
th a t
“
som e of th e B h fl t pu g s : i] , li e the k M a ri cofr c P] . th e g h ost of a m ur ered d
ly d dd ”
Neg ro . a re b l a ck . a n d a re cu la r
pa rti rea e .
34 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Fol k L ore Soci
-
ety .

tgi
i si, to s how th e teet h Thi
s gi
a n t ha s
descr i been
bed to
m e a s bei n g of her cu l ea n s i ze a n d s tren g th , s ly, a n d pos se s si ng an

u p per li p so l a r g e t h a t w h en it is th r ow n b a ck it c o m p l e t e ly c o v er s t h e

dem on s fa ce Th e B u fig i
’
. s fig is c a n l ift a h u g e a n im a l a s ea s ily a s if
it w er e a fea ther .

O b vi ou s ly these tw o su per h u m a n dem on s h a ve to b e over com e w i th

s tr a teg y , n ot m u scl e The heroes , con sequ en tly , a r e bei
. n g s en dowed

wi th cl ever n ess After Su a c ha s k illed P u g u t a n d has com e in to m es

.

si on o f h i i
s v ct im s m a g i
c c l ,
’
u b h e e a s ly l a ys a m a n ea ti
i s -
ng gi a n t (see

F i‘ n n otes to pr eced i n g ta le) The tr i ck s p l a yed on the B u i ig is fi i

'

.
g s

b y th e m on k ey ( r i n g th e bell n g s b el t ) a r e fou n d
“ ” “ ”
ngi a n d th e ki
’

n th e Il oca n o s tor y The Mon k ey a n d th e

“ ” “
i Ka k a r a n g k a n g a n d i n

Tu r tl e, b u t in the la tter ta l e th e m on k ey is th e vi cti m I t wou ld .

th u s seem tha t a pr eceden t for th e m i x tur e of two old for m u l as b y th e

n arra tor o f Ka k a r a n g k a n g a lr ea d y ex i s ted a m on g th e Ta g a log s

(c f . th e e n d o f t h e n o te s to N o .

We ha ve n ot a la rg e en ou g h n u m ber o f va r ia n ts to en a b le u s to de
te rm i n e th e or i g in a l fo r m o f t h e s e p a ra t e in c id e n t s c o m b i n e d to fo r m t h e

cycles r epr esen ted by s tor i es Nos 3 4 , a n d 55 ; b u t th e evi

.
, d en ce w e
ha ve lea ds to the s u p pos ition th a t Ca ra n ca l m otifs AB C DF a r e ver y 1

o ld i n the I s l a n ds , a n d th a t th ese ta k en tog eth er pro ba b ly con s ti tu ted

th e pro to ty pe o f th e I ca n n ot b u t bel ieve tha t
”
Ca ra n ca l g ro u p .

th e in ter ru p ted coo k i

-
ng
"
ep i sod e as fou n d i n th e P h i
, l ip p in es , ow es
n othi n g to Eu ro pea n fo r m s o f
“
J ohn the B ea r ; for n ow here in the
Is la n ds ha ve I fou n d it a ssocia ted w ith the s u bseq u en t a dven tu res
co m pr i sin g th e
“
J oh n th e B ea r n orm , the u n derg r ou n d p u rs u it
”

o f th e dem on , th e rescu e o f th e pr i n cesses b y th e hero th e trea cher y o f ,

th e com pa n i on s th e m i , r a cu l ou s esca pe o f th e her o fro m th e u n der

wor ld a n d th e fin a l tr i
, u m p h o f j u s ti ce a n d th e p u n i s hm en t o f th e

tr a itor s (see No 1 7 a n d n o tes ) . .

F or a B or n eo s tor y o f a l M
“
Deer , P i g , a n d P a n d o k ( o u s e D ee r ) -
,

see R oth I : 34 6 I n th is ta le, a s w ell a s in a n other fro m B r itish

, .

Nor th B or n eo ( Eva n s , 4 7 1 4 7 3, The P la n do k a n d the G er g as i

— “

iti s th e cl ever p l a n dok w ho a lon e i s a b l e to o u tw i t th e g i ant I n th e .

la tter s tor y there a re seven a n im a ls , ca r a b a o , ox , dog , s ta g , hors e,

m o u se d eer a n d
-
, b a r ki n g
-d eer T h e c a.ra b a o a n d h o r se i n tu rn t r y
i
n n to g u a r d
va i fish from th e ger ga si (a m yth ica l g i
a n t w h o ca r r i
es

a s pea r over hou lder ) Th e p la n dok ta k es his tu r n n ow a fter

hi
s s . ,

hi s tw o co m p a n ion s h a ve b een ba d ly m is h a n d led a n d tr i

ck s th e g i
ant ,

in to l etti n g hi m sel f b e bou n d a n d p u shed i n to a w ell beca u se the ,

s fa ll i lled by th e o ther a n im a l s w hen they

“ ”
sk y i ng Ther e h e i
. s ki

r etu r n W ith th is la s t in ciden t com p a re the tr ick of the fox in th e

.

Mon g olia n s tor y in ou r n o tes to No 48 I n tw o other s tories of the . .

n g of th e p l a n do k The P la n dok a n d th e Ti
“ ”
cu n n i , g er ( E va n s 4 74) ,
 Fi
lipino P opu l a r Ta les .
35

a nd Th e P la n dok and th e B ea r th th e
w e m eet w i ki
ng
’
s

vely
“
b elt tr i ck a n d th e ki tr i
’
n g s gon g ck r es pecti F or a n a d .

di on a l recor d from Born eo , see E dwi

ti n H C om e s Seven teen Yea rs .
,

a m on g th e Sea Dya k s of B o rn eo ( Lo n d , 2 55
—2 6 1 . .

5 ( ) . a n ow S UAN BE CAME R I CE !

P edro a n d Su a n w ere P ed r o i fr iend s

nh erited a g r ea t for
.

tu n e fr om h i s pa r en ts , w h o h a d r ecen tly d i ed ; b u t Su a n w a s

a s p oor a s th e poor es t o f beg g a rs th a t ever l i ved Ea r ly on e .

“
m orn i n g Su an w en t to h i s fr iend , a n d s a i
d I w onder if you ,
”
ha ve a pos t th a t you do n ot n eed .

“ ”
Yes , I h a ve on e, sa i d P edro Why ? Do you need it? .

”
Yes , I n eed on e ba dly , to bu i ld m y ho u se .

”
Ver y w ell , ta ke i t sa i
d P edr o , Do n ot w orry a bo u t .

”
p a y in g f o r it .

Su a n , w h o h a d n o t th o ug h t evi l of h is fr iend took the po s t ,

a n d bu i l t his h ou se Wh en it w a s fin ish ed h is h ou s e w a s found

.
,

to s u r pa s s th a t of h i s fr iend Th is fa ct m a d e P ed r o so en vi
. ou s

of Su a n th a t a t l a st h e w en t to h i
, m a n d a s ked Su a n for th e
pos t back a g a in .

“
W hy if I ta ke it from its pl a ce m y h ou se w ill b e des troyed
, , .

So let m e p a y you for i t or let m e l oo k for a n oth er po s t i

, n th e
”
tow n a n d g et i t fo r yo u !
“ ” “
No sa i , d P ed r o , I m u s t h a ve m y ow n post for I w ish to ,
”
u se i t .

Fi n a l ly Su an beca m e so g rea tly a nn oyed by h is friend s ’

“
in sis tence, th a t h e ex cl a i m ed , I w ill n ot g ive you ba ck you r
pos t .

h eed Su an ! for I w ill a ccu se you befor e th e kin g

ak e , .

”
Al l r ig h t ! d o a s yo u pl ea s e .

We will then go to the kin g Mond a y sa id P ed r o , .

”
Ver y w ell ; I a m a l w a ys r ea dy .

Wh en Mond a y ca m e both prep ar ed to g o to th e pa l a ce

, .

P ed ro w h o ca r ed for h i
, s m o n ey m or e th a n for a nyth i ng el se ,

too k so m e s i lver co in s a l on g w ith h im for th e j ou r n ey Su a n .

too k cooked r i ce a n d fis h i n stea d Noon ca m e w h il e th ey .

were s ti l l on th e r oa d Su an o pen ed h i
. s p a ck a g e o f food a n d

beg a n to ea t P ed ro w a s a l so ver y hung r y a t th is tim e b u t

.
,

n o food could b e bo u g h t o n th e w a y So Su a n g ener o u s ly .

in vited P ed r o to ea t w i th h i m a n d th ey d i n ed tog eth er

, .

Narra ted by Bon ifa cio Yna re a Ta ga l g l ivi g in Pa sig R i a l

s, o n . z .
36 Mem oirs of ca n Fol k L ore Soci
the Am er i ety -
.

After ea ti g ,
nu m ed th eir j o u r n ey At l as t th ey
th e two res .

ca m e to a r i ver Th e br idg e over it w as broken in th e m iddl e

.
,

a n d on e h a d to j u m p i n or d er to g et to th e oth er s i de P ed ro .

j u m ped Su a n fo llow ed h im b u t unfor tun a tely fell I t so

.
, .

h a p pened th a t an old m an w a s ba th ing in the r iver bel ow ,

a n d Su a n a cci den ta lly fell r ig h t on h im Th e old m a n w a s .

kn ocked s illy a n d a s a consequence w as d row n ed Wh en

, .

I s idr o th e son w h o cl ea r ly loved h is fa ther h ea r d o f the o ld

, , ,

m a n s d ea th h e a t on ce m a d e up h i s m i nd to a ccu se Su a n b e
’
,

fore th e ki ng He ther efore j oined the two tra vell er s

. .

After a w h i l e the th ree ca m e to a pl a ce w h er e th ey sa w B a r

bekin h a ving a h a r d tim e g etting h is ca r a ba o ou t of th e m ire .

Su a n o ffer ed to h elp He sei zed th e ca r a b a o by th e ta i

. l an d ,

pull ed w ith g rea t for ce The ca r a ba o w a s r escued b u t its .

,

ta i l w as broken off s hor t by a s udd en pull of Su an B a r b ek in .

w as fill ed w i th r a g e beca u se of th e i njur y don e to h is a n im a l : so

h e too r eso l ved to a ccu se Su a n befor e th e ki
, , ng .

Wh en th ey ca m e to th e pa l a ce the king sa id Why h a ve , ,

”
y ou com e h er e ?
P edro s poke fi rs t I h a ve co m e h e sa id . to a ccu s e Su an , ,
”
He h a s o n e of m y po s ts a n d h e w on t r etu rn i
’
to yo u . t to m e , .

O n bei ng a s ked if the a ccu sa tion w a s tr u e Su a n r es po nd ed ,

“
wi th a n od a n d sa i d in a dd i
, tion B u t P ed r o a te a p a r t o f m y ,
”
ri ce a n d fis h o n th e w a y h er e .

“
My decision then s a id th e king is th a t Su a n s h a ll g ive
”
, , ,

P ed ro h i s pos t a n d th a t P ed ro s h a ll g i
, ve Su a n h i s ri ce a n d
”
fis h .

I sidr o w a s th e nex t to s pea k I h a ve com e h er e to a ccu se .

Su a n Wh il e m y fa th er w as ba th in g in th e r iver Su an j u m ped
.
,
”
on hi m a n d ki lled h im .

Su an then m u s t ba th e i
, n th e r i,ver d the king
sa i and , ,
”
y o u m a y ju m p o n h i
m .

Wh en B a r b ek in w as a s ked w h y h e h a d com e h e r epl ied I , ,

wi s h to a ccu se Su a n He pulled m y ca r a ba o by th e ta i
. l and ,

i t w a s br oken 0 3 s h or t .

“
Gi ve Su a n yo u r ca r a b a o th en sa i
d the king He s h a ll , , .

n ot r etu r n i t to you un ti l h e h a s m a de its ta il g row to its full

”
l e ng th .

The a ccused a n d th e a ccu sers n ow took th ei r l ea ve o f th e

kin g .

Gi ve m e the ca r a ba o n ow said Su a n to B a r b ek in w h en ,

th ey h a d g on e so m e d i s ta n ce fro m th e pa l a ce .
38 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k L ore Soci
ety -
.

O n e da y, w ea ken ed w i th hung er a n d fa ti
g u e , a s h e w as w a lkin g
’
a l o ng th e roa d , h e p a s sed a r i
ch m a n s h o u se I t so h a ppen ed .

th a t a t th is tim e th e r i ch m an s food w a s bei

’
ng cooked Th e .

i
’
food s m e ed so
ll g oo d t h a t J,u s u s hun g er w a s sa t s fi ed m er e l y
wi th th e fr a g r a n ce Wh en the rich m an l ea r n ed th a t th e sm ell
.

of h i s food h a d sa ti s fied Ju an h e dem an d ed m oney o f Ju a n

, .

Ju a n r efused to g ive m on ey h ow ever beca u se he h a d n one , , ,

a n d beca u se h e h a d n ei th er tas ted n or to u ch ed th e r i

’
ch m a n s
“ ”
food . Let s g o to th e ki
’
ng then said P ed ro the r ich m a n
, , , ,
“ ”
a n d h a ve th i s m a tter settl ed ! Ju an h a d n o obj ection to th e
p r oposa l a n d the two set o u t for the pa l a ce
, .

Soon th ey ca m e to a pl a ce w h ere the m i r e w as kn ee d ee p -

.

Th ere th ey sa w a young m an w ho w a s tr ying to help hi s h o r se

“
ou t o f a m u d h ol e - Hey you l a zy fell ow s ! h elp m e to g et
.
,

m y h orse ou t of th i s h ol e
”
sa i d Ma nu el Th e th ree tried w ith
, .

a ll th ei r m i g h t t o r e l ea se t h e h o r s e T h e y fin a lly . s u cc e ed ed ;
b u t unfor tu n a tely Ju a n h a d ta ken h old o f the h orse s ta i
’
l an d ,

it w a s br oken 03 w h en Ju an g a ve a s udden h a r d pull .

You h a ve g ot to p a y m e for i nju r ing m y horse sa id Man u el , .

No I w i
, ll n ot g ive you a n y m oney beca u se I h a d n o in ,
”
ten ti o n o f h elpi ng you un til yo u a s ked m e to sa id Ju an , .

“ ”
Well th e king w ill h a ve to settl e th e qu a r rel
, Ju an w ho .
,

w a s n ot to b e fr i g h t e n ed by t h rea t s w e n t w ith P e
, d r o a n d
Man uel .

N ig h t overtook the th ree on their w a y They h a d to lodg e .

th em sel ves i n th e h o u se o f o n e o f P ed ro s fr i
’
end s Ju a n w a s .

n o t a ll ow ed to com e up b u t w a s m a d e to s l eep d ow n s ta i
, rs .

At m i dnig h t th e preg n a n t wife of th e hos t h a d to m a ke w a ter .

Sh e w en t to the pl a ce und er w h i ch Ju an w a s s l eepi n g Ju a n .

,

being s uddenly a w a kened a n d fr ig h tened u ttered a l o ud ,

s hr iek ; a n d th e w om a n a l so fr i g h t
, en e d b e ca u se s h e t h o u g h t
th er e w er e r obbers o r g h os ts a bou t m i s ca r ried Th e n ex t
, .

m or n i ng th e hu s ba nd a s ked Ju an w h y h e h a d cr ied ou t so lo ud
in th e n i g h t Ju a.n s a id t h a t h e w a s f r ig h te n ed .

“
You w on t fool m e ! Com e w i th u s to th e ki
’
ng s a id th e ,

hu s ban d .

Wh en the four r ea ch ed the pa l a ce th ey eas ily g a ined a ccess ,

to th e r oya l pr esen ce Then ea ch on e ex pl a ined w hy h e h a d

.

co m e th er e .

“
I ll settl e th e fir s t ca se s a id the king He com m an d ed
’
, .

th e ser van t to fetch two s i l ver coin s a n d pl a ce th em on the ta ble .

 Fili
p i
no P opu l a r Ta les .
39

N ow P edro com e h er e a n d s m ell th e

, , Ju a n beca m e coi s .
n As
sa tis fi ed wi
th th e s m ell of yo u r food so n ow s a tis fy yo u rse lf ,
”
wi th th e s m ell of th e m on ey P ed r o co uld n ot sa y a w ord . ,

th ou g h he w a s di s plea sed a t th e unfa vor a bl e d eci si on .

N ow I ll g i ve m y d eci
’
si on s on th e n ex t two ca s es Ma nu el . ,

yo u m u s t g i
v e yo u r h or s e to Ju a n a n d let h i
m h a ve it un til ,

an o th er ta i l g r ow s An d you m a r r i ed m a n. m u s t let Ju a n , ,
”
h a ve yo u r w i fe un til s he g ives bir th to an oth er ch ild .

P ed ro Ma nu el a n d th e m a r ried m an w en t h om e d i
, , scon ten ted

wi th th e d eci si on s of th e k i ng P ed r o w ith ou t h a vi n g te ,

cei ved p a y Ma nu el wi th ou t h i
, s h orse an d th e oth er m an w i th ,

ou t hi
s wi
fe .

NO TES .

Thes e tw o Ta ga log s tor i

es , togeth er w i
th a n other , How P i
ro he

ca m e Rich ,
”
w hi
ch i
s a lm os t iden tica l w ith
be No 5(a )
.
, m a y poss i
b y l
des cen ded di r ectly from a n old B udd hi st bi r th s tor y
-
G am a n ica n da
-

j ata k a , No a ta le i ch W A C l ou s to n (see Aca dem y ,

”
. n w hi . .

“ ”
No 796 , for Au g 6 , 1 887 ) sees t e g m of th e pou n d o flesh
. h e
.r - f-

in cid en t An a b s tra ct of th e firs t pa r t of thi

. s J ata k a w i ll set for th the
ki
s tr i n g r es em b la n ce betw een ou r s tor i es a n d th i s O ld H i n doo a polog u e
‘ .

The pa r t o f th e J ata k a th a t in ter es ts u s i s b ri efly th e a ccou n t o f h ow

a m a n w a s h a legl to th e k i b u n a l for i n j u ri
es don e un w i n g ly ,
’
n g s tri tti
a n d h ow th e k i n g pa ss ed j udg m en t th ereupo n Th e a b s tr a ct fo llows .

G am a ni , a cer ta i n old cou r ti er o f the r u i n g ki n g s d ea d fa t er , d eci ded l ’

h
to ea rn h i s i vi l
n g b y fa r m i n g , a s he t o u g t t a t th e n ew ki n g s ou d b e h h h h l
su r ro u n ded wi th a d vi sers of h i s ow n a g e He too k u p h i s a b od e i n a vi l a ge . l
th r ee l ea g u es fro m the ci t , a n d , a fter the r a i n y
se aso n w a s over , o n e d a y y
b or rowed tw o ox en fro m a fri en d , wi t w i c to e p h i m do h i s p ou g i ngh h h hl l h .

I n the even i n g h e retu r n ed th e ox en ; b u t th e fri en d b ei n g a t di n n er a n d ,

no t i n vi tin g Gam a nito ea t, G am a nip u t the ox en i n the s ta l , a n d g o t n o l

for m a l r elea se fro m hi s cred i to r T at ni g t t iev es s to e th.e c a ttl e hN e x t h h l .

da y th e ow n er o f the ox en di sco vered th e t eft, a n d deci ded to m a k e Ga m a ni h

p y
a f o r th e b ea s ts S o th e tw o se t o
. u t to la y th e c a se b e fo r e th e k in g O n .

hy
th e wa y t e s to p ped for foo d a t the o u se of a fr i en d of G am a nis
’
Th e h .

wo m a n of the ou se, w hie cli h

m bi ng a l
a dder to th e s to re r oo m for r i ce fo r l -

Gam a ni, fell a n d m i sca rr ied The u s b a n d , r etu r n in g t a t in s ta n t, a c

. h h
cu s ed G am a niof itti n g hi s wi h
fe a n d b r i n gin g o n u n ti me a b o r : so th e ly l
h u s b a n d set 0 6 wi t h
G am a nis rst a ccu ser to g et j u s ti fi
ce fr o m th e k i
’
ng .

O n th ei r wa y t e m et a hy
or se t a t wo u d n o t g o wi h t i ts g r oo m h Th e l h .

ow n er of th e h
o rse s o u ted to G to h i h
t the orse w i t so m et i ng a nd
. ea d h h h h
it b a ck . . h
G t rew a s to n e a t the a n i m a , b u t b rok e i ts leg
“
H ere s a l .
’

ki n g s o fi cer for yo u ,
’ ”
s o u ted th e m a n ;
“
h
o u ve b r ok en m y orse s leg
”
y ’
h ’
.

F or fu ll tra n sla ti
on . see Jata ka . ed . by E . B . C owel l ( Ca m b idg r e U ni
vers i
t y Press .

a : a o1s; a n d F L ] 3 : 33 7 f
- ax See . a lso C H Ta wn e
. . y di
’
s on of
scu ssi th e stor y
n th e j ou rna of
i l h i
l l
o ogy r a TiaP-
1 19 , .
4 0 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k L or e Soci
ety -
.

G wa s t u s t ree m en s p ri
. h h
so n er By t i s ti m e G wa s i
’
n des pa i .r, and h .

deci ded to ki l im se f lh l
As soo n a s op por tu n it ca m e, b e ru s ed u p a hi
. ll y h
n ea r th e roa d , a n d t rew im se f fnom a p r eci h p ic e h B u t h e f e l o n th e b a c k . ll
o f a n old b a s k et m a k er a n d k i ed h i
- m o n th e s po t ll
The so n of the b a s k et .

m a k er a ccu s ed G of m u r der a n d wen t a o n g w i . t th e t ree o t er p a i n ti ffs l h h h l

to th e k i ng ( o m it ere
. t h e v a r I
i
o u s q u es t ih
o n s t a t perso n s w o m G h h .

l
m eets a o n g the roa d b eg h i m to ta k e to th e ki n g for a n a ns w er ) .

All
five a ppea ri ng i n th e p resen ce of th e ki n g , the o w n er of th e ox en d e

m e n ded j u s ti ce I n a n sw er to the k i . n g s q u es ti
’
o n , he a t rs t d en i ed a vi ng fi h
see n G r etu rn th e ox en , b u t a ter a d m i
. tted t a t h e sa w t em i l n the s ta l h h l .

G w a
. s o d
r er ed to p a y tw e n t -
fo u r p ie c es o f m o n e fo r t hye o x e n ; b u t th e y
p l
a i
n tiff , f o r in g , w a s co n d e ly
m n ed to a v e h is e e s p u c k e d o u t b y G h y l .

fi
Terr i ed a t th e p rospect, h e t rew m o n e to G a n d r u s ed a w a h Th e y . h y .

j u dg m en t in the ca se of th e seco n d fa se a ccu ser w a s t is : G w a s to ta k e l h .

hi en d s wi
s fr i fe a n d i
’
ve w i l h
t her u n ti s he s o u d b ea r a n o t er so n to ta k e l h l h
l
th e p a ce o f th e c id t a t m i sca r ri ed hl g a i n Gh w a s b o u g t 0 6 b y th e . A . h
p l
a i
n ti ff I n th e t. ir d ca se t h e o w n er ofh t h e o r s e a t r s t d e n ied a v in g h fi h
r eq u es ted G to h i t th e b ea st, b u t a ter a d m i
. tted th e tru t l
J u d g m en t : h .

G wa s to p a y a t o u sa n d p i
. eces ( w i c h the k i n g g a ve h i m ) for th e i h h
n j u r ed

ani l
m a , b u t w a s a so to tea r o u t h i l
s fa se a ccu ser s to n g u e The fe ow g a ve l ’
. ll
G a s u m of m o n e a n d dep a r ted
. y
Th e fo u rt decis i o n w a s a s fo ow s . h ll
h
in a s m u c a s G cou d n o t res to re th e dea d fa t er to li
. l fe, he wa s to ta k e the h
dea d m a n s w i dow to h i
’
s o m e a d b e a fa t e to t e
n r h h ou n g b a s k et m a k er ;
-
h y
b u t he, r a t er t a n a ve hi h s old h h
o m e b ro k en u p , g a ve G a s u m o f m o n e h . y
and u r ri h
ed a w a y .

It is to b e r eg r etted th a t th i
s B u dd h is ti r th s tor y w a s n ot k n own
c bi -

to Theodor B en fey, w ho , i n hi s ex ha u s ti
ve d i on o f ou r pr esen t
scu ss i

cycl e, pa r ti
cul a r ly from t
“ ”
h e p o i
n t o f v i
ew o f th e p o u n d -
o i
-fl eeh
i den t
n ci ( 1 : 393 wr i
tes ,
“
I m a y rem a r k t a t t h h is r eci
ta l
of si
th e deci on s ] , w h i
ch
her e bor der s on the com ic is b ased u pon ser io u s ,

tra di tio n a l l eg en ds w h i ch h a ve to d o w i th B u ddh i s ti

c ca s u i stry

(p . B en fey s fr a g m en ta r y c i
ta tion s a re
’
n o t v e ry co n v in cin g;
s J ata k a p roves th a t h i
b u t th i s r ea son in g a s u sua l w a s en ti r ely so u n d , , .

An I n do P ers i on ca ll ed th e ted b y
“ ”
a n ver s i - Ki w i o f Em essa ci ,

C lou s ton (op mi g h t b e m en tion.ed h er e a s it too h a s c l os e t e ,

sem b la n ces to ou r s tor i

es .

Wh il i s b ei
e a n g ta k en b y a J
m er c a n t h
ew b efo r e th e k in g b eca u se th e

m erch a n t w i n o t p a y h i ll
s b o n d of a p o u n d o f fl es , h e m eets w i t th e fo l h h
low in g a cci den ts : ( 1 ) I n a ttem p tin g to s to p a r u n a w a m u e, h e k n ock s y l
m a s e es w i
ou t o n e o f th e a n i
’
t a s to n e ; ( 2 ) w i l y
le s eepin g o n a fl a t roo f, h h l
he i s a ro u sed s u dden ly
n th e s treet, a n d , j u m p i
b y a n u p ro a r i n g fro m th e

r oof, l
h e k il s a n o ld m a n b e ow ; ( 3) i n tr in g to p u l
a n a ss o u t o f th e m u d , y ll
he p u s i ll
ts ta i o ff l
Th e ow n er of the m u e, the so n s of the dea d m a n ,
. l
a n d the ow n er o f th e a ss , g o a o n g w i t the J ew to p rese n t t ei r ca ses b e l h h
fore the k i n g , w o se deci sio n s a re a s fo o ws : h The ow n er of the m u e, ll l
l
va u ed a t 1 000 d i s to sa w th e a n i
n ar s , i ma i n tw o en g t w i se, a n d is to l l h
g i
v e th e b i
n d l h a lf t o th e m er c a n t, w h o mh ust p a y 500 d i
n érs for i
t . As
 Fi
lipino P opu l a r Ta les .
4 1

th e ow n er he i s ob i
refu ses ,
g e d to p y
a th e m er c a n t 1 l
00 d fn é rs fo r b r in g i
n g h
in a tr o u b lesom e s u i t Mer c a n t m u st s ta n d b e ow a roof a n d a ow
. h l ll
him s elf to he j u m ped on b y the so ns of the dea d m a n ; b u t t e refu se to hy
ta k e th e r i
s k , a n d a r e ob ig ed to p y
a th e m er c a n l
t 1 00 d i
n ar s fo r tr ou b i
n g h l
hi m . Th e o w n er of the ta i l ess ass i s com pe ed to tr y to p u l
o u t th e ll ll
ta il o f the Ka is m u e
’
Na tu ra l
the a n im a resen ts s u c tr ea tm en t, a n d
. lly l h
th e a ccu ser i s ter r i b b ru ised Fi ly
n a l , to a vo i d fu r t er p u n i s m en t,
. ly h h
y h
he sa s t a t h i s ow n a n i m a n ever ha d a ta i l
H en ce h e is fo rced to g ive l .

the m erch a n t 1 00 d i n ars for b r in ging i n a fa se su i t l .

I n th e Ka tha -sa r
i
t sag a ra
-
l
(tr a n s a ted b y C . H Ta wn ey . , 2

1 80 —
1 81 ) occu rs t h is s tor y :
h h
O n e da y, w en B ra m a n Deva b h utiha d g o n e to b a t e, hi s wi fe w en t i n to h
the ga rd en to g et veg eta b es , a n d sa w a do n k e b e o n g i l n g to a w a s er m a n y l h
ea tin g th em She too k u p a s ti
. ck a n d ra n a fter th e do n k e ; the a n i ma , y l
tr yi n g to esca pe, fe in to a p i ll
t a n d b ro k e i ts oof en the m a ster h . Wh
h ea r d of th a t, h e ca m e i n a p a ssi o n , a n d b ea t a n d k i ck ed th e B r a m a n h
wo m a n ccordi
. A
ng s he, b ei ly
n g p reg n a n t ha d a m i sca r r i
a g e ; b u t the ,

wa s her m a n retu r n ed o m e w i t hi h
s do n k e Her u s b a n d , ea ri h n g of i t, y . h h
wen t, i n hi s di stress , a n d co m p a i n ed to th e c i ef m a gi l
s tra te o f th e to w n h .

h
The foolis m a n , a fter ea rin g b ot si h
des of the ca se, d e i ver ed t i h
s j u dg l h
m en t :
“
Si n ce the don k e s oof i y h
s b ro k en , let the B r a m a n ca r r
’
the h y ”

l
do n k ey s oa d for the w a s er m a n u n ti the d o n k e i
’
h
s a ga i n fit fo r w o r k ; a n d l y
h
let th e w a s er m a n m a k e the B r a m a n s w i
’
fe p reg n a n t a g a i
n , si h
n ce h e m a de

her m i sca rry

”
. Wh
en the B r a m a n a n d h i s wi fe ea rd t i s decih sion , t e , h h hy
in th ei r des pa i r , too k p oi so n a n d di ed ; a n d w en th e k i ng ea r d of i t, h e h h
p u t to d ea t t a t i
n co n h h
sid er a te j u d g e .

Th e Ta g a log How P i y of
r o beca m e R i
s tor ch w hi ch I h a ve n o t ,

p r in te d her e , is ide n tic a l w ith “

H ow S u a n be ca m e R ic h w i
t h th is ,

ex cep ti o n tha t a hor se s ta i

,
’
l in s tea d o f a ca r a ba o s , is p u lled off b y the
,
’

hem An d there i
. s th i s a d di ti on : w h ile tra vellin g to th e k in g s cou r t, ’

Pi ro hea r s cri es fo r hel p com i n g from th e w ood s He r u shes to th e .

sp o t a n d sees a you n g l a d y fig h ti
, n g a sw a r m o f b ees Pi r o hel ps k i
ll .

th e b ees w i th h i s s tick b u t, i n doi n g so i n j u res th e w o m a n som ew h a t

, ,

s ever ely Her fa ther , a n g er ed j oi

. n s th e a ccu ser s a n d req ues ts , ,

th e k i n g tha t h e or der P i r o to cu r e h is da u g h ter Th e k in g ru les tha t if .

Pi ro i s to do thi s an d i f th e you n g w om a n i
, s to g et th e b es t ca re , s h e

m u st becom e Pi
ro
’
s fe
wi . For re i
n l qu ish in g hi
s ri
g ht to th e g i
r l ,

Pi
ro hu n dr ed a lfon sos from the fa ther
recei
ves a .

All i n a ll th e clo se a gr eem en t betw een o u r s tor i

, es a n d th e th ree

Ea s ter n versi o n s cited a bove m a k e s it rea s on a b ly cer ta in th a t th e

“
Won d er ful Decision s gr oup in the P h il ipp in es der ives dir ectly from
I n di
a .
4 2 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Fol k Lor e Soci
ety
-
.

6 .
( )
a THE FO U R B LI N D B R O THER S !

Th er e w a s oh a d ei
nce g h t a
so n s m an w ho
F o u r o f th em .

w ere bli nd He th oug h t o f send i

. ng the ch ildren a w a y , sim ply
beca use h e co uld n o t a fiord to keep th em in th e ho u se a n y
long er Accor d ing ly on e n ig h t h e ca lled h is eig h t ch ildren
.

tog ether a n d sa i d , He w ho d oes n o t provid e for th e fu ture

,

s h a ll w a n t i
n th e pr esen t You a r e b ig en o u g h a n d a re a.bl e

to uppo r t you rsel ves To m orrow I s h a ll send you a w a y to

s .
-

”
seek you r for tu n es .

When m or n ing ca m e th e boys ba de their fa ther g ood b y ,

-
.

Th e bl i nd son s wen t tog eth er in on e pa r ty an d the rest in ,

a n oth er Now beg ins th e pa thetic story of th e four bl ind

.

brother s .

Th ey g r oped a l on g th e r oa d ea ch hold i ng th e h an d o f th e ,

oth er Af ter a da y of co n ti
. nu ous w a lking the fo u r broth ers ,

w er e ver y fa r a w a y fr o m th ei
r tow n Th ey h a d n o t ta s ted food .

dur in g a ll th a t ti
me In the evening th ey ca m e to a cocoa nu t
.

H ere a re so m e cocoa n u t trees s a id on e o f them -

, .

u s g et a bun ch o f cocoa nu ts a n d h a ve so m eth i ng to ea t !

SO th e eld es t br other too k o ff h i s ca m is a chi na a n d cl im bed
up on e O f the tr ees Wh en h e r ea ch ed th e top the tr ee broke
.
, .

”
B ung ! Dow n ca m e the poor fellow .

”
O n e ! cr i ed th e yo un g est br o th er .

Three m ore ! s hou ted th e r es t .

”
Don t com e dow n un til yo u h a ve dropped fou r ! they a ll
’

cri ed a t o n ce Who w ould a n sw er them ? Their bro ther la y

.

d ea d o n th e g r o und .

”
Wh il e they w ere w a iting for the second B ung ! the second
b r oth er cl i m bed up th e sa m e tree Wh a t h a d h a ppened to the .

first h a ppened a l so to h im an d so to th e th ir d in tu rn As , .

soon a s th e yo un g es t b roth er h ea r d th e th i r d fa ll h e thou g h t ,

of l oo ki ng for h is s h a re He crept a bou t to find th e cocoa nu ts

. .

Al a s ! he d i scover ed th a t h i s th ree bro th er s la y d ea d on th e

g r ound H e
. w en t a w a y f r o m th e pl a ce cr yin g ver y l o ud .

Now h i s cr yi
, ng h a ppened to d is tu r b th e pa tia na c w ho w ere
8
,

tr yn to s l eep Th ey w en t ou t to see w h a t w as th e m a tter

. .

Na rra ted by E tiq ia Ga rcia a P arn pa g a n w ho sa id he h ear d the story from a

u no . n .

b oy from M i ser is Mi n da a o a . n .

Con ci
s e chi
n o, a th i
n na ti
ve coa t-sh i
rt w orn d
ou ts i e th e tr ou sers .
P ati sch i
a n a c, m i evous b r th -sp i
i rits th a t li
ve i
n th e w oo d s a nd fields . a n d lea d tra vel
lers a stra y g h t.
at ni
 li
Fi pino P opu l a r Ta les .
43

When th ey found the poor h elpless bl ind m an th ey were ver y ,

m uch m oved a n d th ey g a ve h i
,m food an d s h el ter for th e n i
g h t .

They a lso g a ve h i l of a pa gu i w h i
m th e ta i ‘ ch w ould h elp hi m ,

fin d hi d At d a ybrea k th ey s howed h im th e
s for tun e th ey sa i , .

wa y ou t o f th e g rove .

Th e bl i
nd m a n w a lked on an d on , u n ti
l h e w as h a iled by a
la m e m a n resti ng u nder a s h a dy tree Fr i en d ca rr y m e on . ,
”
y o u r s h ou l d er s an d let u s t
,r a vel tog e th er ! s a id th e l a m e m a n

to th e bl i nd .

“
Willing ly r eplied the bl ind m an
, .

Th ey tr a vell ed for m a ny h our s a n d a t l a s t ca m e to a b i g , ,

lon el y hou se They kn ocked a t the o pen door b u t nobody

.
,

a n sw er ed At l as t th ey en ter ed an d fo und th e pla ce em pty

.
, .

While they w ere sea r ch ing th roug h the h ou se the ow ner ca m e , .

He w a s a two hea d ed g i a nt
- Th e bl i nd m an a n d the l a m e m a n
.

w er e u ps ta i rs .

Th e g i a n t w a s a fra i d to en ter th e h ou se b u t h e ca lled in a ,

“
v oi ce o f thunder
’
Who s th ere ? ,
“
We a re b ig m en a n sw er ed the two co m pa n ions
”
, .

”
Ho w b i g a r e yo u ? a s ke d th e g ia n t .

We a r e so b ig th a t the found a tion of the ho use s h a kes w h en

”
w e w a lk th e two repl i
, ed .

“ ”
Gi ve m e a proo f th a t you a r e r ea ll y b i g m en ! c r i
ed th e

We w ill s how you h a irs they a n sw ered a n d they

on e o f o u r , ,

d r o pped fro m th e w i ndow th e ta il of th e pa gu i .

Th e g ia n t l ooked a t i t i n w onder He w as i m m ed i a tely .

con vi n ced th a t they were m ore pow er ful th an h e w a s SO .

,

picking up the h a ir the g ia n t wen t a w a y a fr a id to fa ce s uch

, ,

a n ta g on i n si
s ts i n g l e com b a t .

SO th e pred i ction of the pa ti a na c cam e tr u e The h o u se a n d .

a ll th e pro per ty of th e g ia n t fell in to th e h a nd s o f th e bl ind m a n

a n d th e l a m e m a n Th ey l i ved th er e h a ppi
. ly a l l th e r es t o f
th ei r lives .

( ) J
b UAN TH E B LI N D MAN ” .

M an y yea rs a g o there l ived in a littl e villa g e n ea r a th ick

for est ei
g h t bl i
nd m en w h o w er e cl ose fr i
e nd s In s p i
te o f th eir .

P ep si. th e sting -ra y, k

or s a te-fish . I ts ta i
l i
s ver y efi ca clous ag a i l sp i
n s t evi rits
tch es . a ccor i
a nd w i ng to d na ti
ve belief .

Narra ted b y P edro D L Sorreta . a B i

.col fro m
. Virac . C a ta n d ua n es , w here th e stor y
i
s com m on .
44 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Fol k L or e Soci
-
ety .

physica l defects th ey were a l w a ys h a ppy

, per h a ps m u ch ,

ha ppi er th a n th ei r fell ow vi ll a g ers for a t n ig h t th ey w ou ld

-
,

a lw a ys g o secr etly to o n e of th e n ei g hbor i

n g co c oa nu t g r o ve s -
,

w h ere they w ould s pend th ei r ti m e drin kin g tu ba o r ea ti ng

y o un g coco a nu ts .

O n e eveni n g a sever e typhoon s tr u ck the l ittle vill a g e an d

’
,

m ost o f th e cocoa nu t trees w ere bro ken 0 6 a t th e top

- Th e .

n ex t a fter n oon th e j oyou s p a r ty w en t to th e cocoan u t g r ove -

to s tea l fr u its As soon a s th ey a r r i

. ved th ere seven O f th em ,

clim bed tr ees Ju a n th e young es t of a ll w a s o rd ered to re

.
, ,

m ai n below so a s to cou nt a n d g a th er in the cocoa nu ts h is

fr i
end s th r ew dow n to h i m Wh il e h is com pan ion s were clim b
.

in g th e tr ees Ju an w as s i
, ng ing ,

E igh t fr ien ds g ood fr ien ds , ,

O n e fr u i
t ea ch ea ts ;
Good J u a n her e ben ds ,

”
Youn g n uts he ta k es .

He h a d n o soo ner p
re ea te d h is verse th ree tim es th a n h e h ea rd a

fa ll
On e , b ecounted ; an d he beg an to si gn th e second ver se

B el i
eve m e, tha t ever ythi
ng

W hich m a n ca n u se h e m u st br i
ng ,

No m a tter a t a ll o f w a t i
t s m a de h ’

”
So , fr ien ds , a co u n ter you n eed .

Crra pu pl h e h ea r d a n oth er fa ll , w h i ch w a s fo ll ow ed by th r ee in
“ ” “
clos e s u ccess i on G ood ! h e sa i
. d , five in a ll Th r ee m or e, .

”
fr i
en d s , an d he ra i sed h is h ea d a s if h e co uld see h i s com pa n ion s .

After a few m i nu tes h e hea r d two m or e fa ll s .

“ ”
Si x , seven w ell , only seven h e sa id a s h e beg a n sea rch
, ,
“
in g for th e cocoa nu ts o n th e g r ound O n e m ore for m e , .

”
frien d s on e m or e, a n d ever y on e i s sa tis fi ed Bu t it was .

hi s fr i end s w h o h a d fa ll en ; for , a s th e tr ees w ere only s tu m p s ,

th e cli m ber s fell off w hen they rea ch ed th e tops .

Ju a n , h ow ever , did n ot g u ess w h a t h a d h a ppened un til he

found on e of th e d ea d bod i es Th en h e ra n a w a y as fas t a s
.

h e co uld At l a s t h e str u ck Ju sto , a l a m e m a n

. After h ea r i
ng .

Ju an s s tor y , Ju sto a dvised Ju a n n ot to r etu rn to h is vill a g e,

’

lest h e b e a ccu sed of m ur d er by th e rel a ti ves o f th e oth er m en .

Tu bm a ne di
wi s ti
lled fro m th e coco a n d oth er pa lm trees .
Typ h oon ( Ar tal us ) . a win
. d y c force a n d ex
of c clon i tra or i d
n a r y vi
olen ce .
4 6 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k Lor e Soci
ety -
.

Th e bl i
nd m a n , w h o could n o t see th e d an g er they w er e i
n ,

s to pped the la m e m a n b u t n ot before , th e ow n ers of th e h ou se

h a d h ea rd th em .

“
Ho you m osqu i
, toes ! w h a t a r e you d oi ng there ? a s ked th e
ch i ef of th e o u tl a ws a s h e l ooked up a t th e cei l ing .

Ah a you r as ca l s ! w e a re g oi
, n g to ea t you a ll a nsw er ed ,

th e bl i nd m a n in th e l oudes t voice he could m u ster .

“ ”
Wh a t s th a t you sa y? retur n ed th e ch ief
’
.

Why w e h a ve been l ookin g for you for w e in tend to ea t

, ,
” “
y o u a l l up r epl, i
e d Ju an ; a n d to s h ow y o u w h a t k nd
i o f a n i
”
m a l s w e a re h ere i s on e o f m y teeth
, an d Ju a n th r ew d ow n th e ,
”
r u sted a x e Look a t on e o f m y h a i
. rs ! con ti nued Ju a n a s h e ,

th r ew d ow n th e r o pe .

Th e ou tl a w s w er e so fr i g h te n e d th a t t h ey w e r e a l m os t re a dy
to ru n a w a y Th e ch i
. ef co uld n o t sa y a s i n g l e w or d .

“ ”
Now l i s ten you a n ts to m y w h i , s tl e ! sa i
, d Ju a n a n d h e ,

“
blew the h or n An d to s h ow you h ow b i
.
g o u r s to m a c h s a re ,
”
h ea r u s bea t th em ! a n d h e bea t th e d r um The ou tl a w s w er e .

so fr i g h ten e d t h a t th ey r a n a w a y S o m e o f t h e m e v e
. n j u m p e d
o u t o f th e w i nd ow s .

Wh en th e r obber s w er e a ll g one Ju a n a n d Ju sto w en t d ow n ,

to d i vi d e th e m on ey ; b u t th e l a m e m a n tried to ch ea t th e bl ind
m an a n d th ey h a d a qu a r rel over th e d i
,
vi si on Ju sto s tr uck .

Ju a n in th e eyes w ith th e pa l m o f h is h a nd an d th e bl ind m a n s ,

’

eyes w ere o pen ed so th a t h e could see Jua n kicked Ju sto so .

h a r d th a t th e l a m e m a n r olled tow a r d on e cor n er of th e ho u se

,

a n d s tr u ck a pos t Hi s l a m en ess w as cu r ed
. so th a t h e co uld ,

s ta nd a n d w a lk .

Wh en th ey sa w th a t ea ch h a d don e the oth er a g rea t ser vice ,

th ey d i vid ed th e m on ey fa ir ly an d l i ved ever a f ter tog eth er

,

a s clo se f r i end s .

( )c TEO FI O THE L H UNCH B ACK , A N D TH E G I AN T .

l

O n ce th er e l i ved a hun chb a ck w h o se n a m e w a s Teofilo He .

w a s a n or ph a n a n d u sed to g e t h i
, s food by w a nd er i ng th roug h
th e w oo d s He h a d n o fix ed h om e Som eti
. m es he even s lep t .

u nd er l a r g e tr ees i n the for es t Hi s on e bl i nd eye a s w ell a s

.
,

his cr oo ked body w ould m a k e a l m os t a n y on e p i

, ty h i s mi ser a bl e

cond i ti on .

O n e da y w hi le h e w a s w a nder ing th roug h th e w ood s looking

,

1 Na rra ted by Loreta Bena vides a B icol t de t wh o h ear d the sto y from her a u n t
, s u n , r .
 Fi
lipino P opu l a r Ta l es .
47

for so m eth i
ng to ea t, h e found a p i ece o f l a r g e r o pe He w a s .

ver y g l a d ; for h e could sell th e rope, an d i n th a t w a y g et m on ey

to buy food .Wa lkin g a littl e fa r th er , h e found a g u n lea n i ng

a g ai nst a fen ce Th is g u n , h e su pposed h a d been left th ere by

. ,

a h un ter . He w a s g l a d to h a ve i t, too for p r otecti on Fi n a lly ,

,
.

w hi le cr ossin g a sw a m py pl a ce h e sa w a du ck dr inkin g in th e,

brook He ra n a fter th e du ck , a n d a t l as t s u cceeded in ca tch ing

.

it . Now h e w a s s u re o f a g ood m ea l .

Bu t i t h a d ta ken h i m a lo n g ti m e to ca p tur e th e du ck N ig h t .

s oon ca m e on a n d h e h a d to l oo k for a r es ti
, ng pl a ce For
-
.

tu n a tely h e ca m e to a field , a n d hi s eye ca u g h t a g li rn p se o f

li g h t o n t h e o th e r s i
d e H e w e n t.to w a r d s t h e l i
g h t, a n d fo und
it to com e fr o m a h ou se , a ll the w i ndow s o f w h ich w er e o pen .

He kn ocked a t th e d oor , b u t n obody a n sw er ed ; so h e j u st pu s h ed

i t o pen a n d en tered He th en beg an to feel ver y com forta bl e
. .

He pr epa red h i s b ed , a n d th en w en t to s l eep He di d n o t kn ow .

th a t h e w a s i n a gi
’
a n t s h o u se .

At m i dn ig h t Teofilo w a s a w a kened by a l oud vo ice He .

m a d e a h ol e i n th e w a ll a n d l ooked o u t Th er e i n th e d a r k h e .

sa w a ver y ta ll m a n , ta ll er even th a n th e h ou s e i tself I t w as .

“ ”
the g i a nt . Th e g ia n t sa i d , I sm ell so m e o n e h er e He tried .

to o pen th e d oor , b u t Teo filo h a d l ocked i t .

“
I f you a r e rea lly a s trong m a n a n d br a ver th a n I , s a id the
“ ”
g ia n t, l et m e s ee y o u r h a ir !
Teo fil o th en th rew ou t th e pi ece o f r ope Th e g ia n t w a s su r .

prised a t its si He then a s ked to see Teo filo s lou se, a n d

’
ze .

Teo filo thr ew ou t the duck Th e g i a n t w a s ter r i

. fied , for h e h a d
n ever seen s u ch a l a r g e l o u se befo r e Fi n a lly th e g ia n t sa id ,
.

“ "
Well , you seem to b e l a rg er tha n I Let m e h ea r your voice ! .

Teo fil o fired hi s gun Wh en th e g ia n t h ea r d th e g u n a n d

.

sa w i t s pi ttin g fire, h e trem bl ed , for he th oug h t th a t th e m a n s ’

sa l iva w as bu r n i n g coa l s Afr a id to ch a ll eng e h is s tra nge g ues t

.

a n y m ore, th e g i a n t r an a w a y a n d d i sa ppea r ed for ever .

An d so Teofil o th e hun chba ck l i ved h a pp i ly a ll th e r est o f

hi s d a ys i n th e g i an t s h o u se w i th ou t bei
’
n g tr o ubl ed by a n y o n e .

( ) J
d UAN AN D TH E E U R I N GCA N TADA .
l

long tim e a g o w h en the B icols h a d n ot yet been w elded

A ,

n to o n e tribe th er e l i
i ,ved a coupl e i
n th e m oun ta i ns of Alba y
w h o h ad o n e son n a m ed Ju an
, B efor e th e b o y w a s five yea r s .

Na rrated b y P a cifico B uen con sej o. a B i

col w h o h ea r , d th e s tor y fr om d
s g ra n m oth er .
hi
4 8 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Fol k -L or e Soci
ety .

o ld , hi
sfa th er d ied As Ju a n g r ew up h e beca m e ver y l az y
.
,

he di d n ot l i ke to w or k n or w ould h e help h is m oth er ea rn th eir

,

da i ly brea d Des pite h is l a ziness Ju an w a s dea r ly loved b y

.
,

hi s m o th er She d i . d n ot w a nt h i m to w or k i n th e field und er the

h ot s u n B eca use o f h i s m o th er s i
'
. ndulg en ce he g rew l a zier a n d ,

l a zier .

Ever y a fternoon Ju an used to ta ke a w a lk w h il e h is m other

w as w or ki ng Sh e w a s a ki
. nd h ea r ted w om a n a n d o ften told
-
,

h er son to h elp a n ybody h e m et th a t need ed help O n e a fter .

noon w h il e he w a s w a lking in a field h e sa w two ca ra ba os

, ,

fig h ting O n e w a s g or ed by th e oth er a n d w a s a bou t to die

.
, .

Ju a n m indful of w h a t h is m oth er told him w en t between th e

, ,

two a n i m a l s to h elp th e w o und ed on e Sudd enly th e tw o .

a ni m a ls g or ed h i m i n the ba ck a n d h e fell to th e g r o und , A .

m an pa ssi
, n g by fo und h i ,m a n d took h i m to h i , s h om e Wh en .

Ju a n s m oth er lea rned w h y h er so n h a d been g ored s he w a s

’
,

g r ea t ly d is t r esse d th a t h er so n w a s so foo l is h .

Ju a n soon r ecover ed an d on e d a y h e invited h i

, s m o th er to

g o w ith h im to l oo k f o r m o ne y H e in s is te d so h a r d .t h a t ,

fin a lly s he a g r eed to a ccom pa ny h im O n th ei r w a y th ey fo und .

a n ax e w hi ch Ju a n p i
, cked up a n d took a l ong w i th h i m Th ey .

h a d n o t g o ne m u ch fa r th er w h en th ey sa w a long r o pe s tretch
,

Ju a n s m other d id n o t w a n t h im to ta ke it
’
i n g a cr oss th e r oa d .
,

b u t h e sa i d th a t it wo uld b e o f so m e u se to th em la ter B y a n d .

by they ca m e to a r iver on the ba nk o f w h ich they found a

,

l a rg e d r u m Ju a n took th is w ith h im too

. , .

Wh en th ey h a d been tr a vell ing a bou t a w eek th ey ca m e upon ,

a bi g h o u s e Ju an s a
. id t h a t h e w a n ted t o g o s ee w h a t w a s in

th e h ou se b u t h i s m o th er to ld h i
,
m th a t h e s h o uld n o t g o Ho w .

ever h e kep t u rg i
, ng a n d u rg ing un til a t l a s t h is m o ther con ,

sen ted a n d w en t w i
, th h i m Wh en th ey rea ched th e h a ll
.
,

th ey fo und i t w ell d ecor a ted w i th fl ow er s a n d l ea ves They .

vi si ted a l l th e a pa r tm en ts o f the h o u se ; a n d w hen th ey ca m e to

th e d i n ing r oom th ey sa w a l a rg e h ole i
-
, n th e cei ling Ju a n .

told h i s m oth er th a t th ey h a d better h i de in the ceil ing un til

th ey fo und ou t w h o the ow ner of th e h ou se w a s Th e m o ther .

th o u g h t th a t th e pl a n w a s a w i se on e ; so th ey w ent to th e cei l ing ,

ta ki n g wi th th em th e a x e th e r o pe an d th e d r u m
, , .

Th ey h a d n ot been h i d ing m a ny m inu tes w hen the B u ring ,

ca n ta d a a g i a nt wi
, th o n e eye i n th e m i ddl e of h is foreh ea d a n d
wi th two l on g tu s ks th a t proj ected fr om th e s i d es of his m ou th ,
 Fi n o P opu l a r Ta les
lipi .
49

ea m e in wi th h i
s fr iend s an d ser va n ts When th e d inner w a s .

rea d y , th e ser va n t ca ll ed hi
s m as ter a n d h i
s g u es ts i
n to th e

dini n g roo m
-
While th ey w er e ea ting , Ju a n s a id in a loud
.

Ta w ica m i
Sa q u i
sa m i

Q u im a s i
r a m
"
Na u la m a n .

Th e B u r i
n g ca n ta da ng r y to h ea r th e voice o f a m a n
w as ver y a
“
in th e cei lin g a n d h e sa id in a thunder ing voice If you a re
, ,
”
a bi g m a n lik e m e le t m e see o ,n e o f y o u r h a ir s !
J u an s how ed th e ro pe fr om th e hole in the ceil ing .

As to n ish ed a t th e s i ze o f th e h a i r th e B u r i n g can ta da sa i
, d
ag a in , Let m e see on e of you r teeth ! Ju an s how ed th e ax e .

B y thi s ti
’
m e Ju an s m oth er w a s a l m os t d ea d w i th fea r a n d ,

she to ld h er son n ot to m ove .

After a few m i nu tes the B u r in g can ta da sa id a g a in B ea t ,

y ou r sto m a ch a n d le t m e, h e a r th e so und o f it ! Wh e n Ju a n

b ea t th e d r u m th e B u r i n g ca n ta da a n d a ll th e g u es ts a n d ser v
,

an ts r a n a w a y in fr i g h t fo r th e y h a d, n e ve r h e a r d s u ch a so und

Th en Ju a n an d hi
s m oth er dow n from th e ceil ing In
ca m e .

thi
s h ou se th ey li
ved l i
ke a ri ly for th ey found m u ch
ch f a m i ,

m on ey i
n on e o f th e r oom s . As for the B u r i
n g ca n ta d a , h e

n ever ca m e ba ck to h i
s h ou se a f ter h e l ef t i
t .

( )
e TH E MA N G LAL A B A S .
’

O n ce upon a ti m e, i n th e s m a ll to w n o f B a lub a d , th er e w as a

big h o u se . I t w a s inh a b i
t ed by a r i
c h f a m ily Wh en th e .

hea d of the fa m i ly d ied the h ouse w a s g loom y an d d a r k Th e

, .

fa m ily w ore bla ck clothes , a n d w a s sa d .

Th ree d a ys a fter the d ea th of th e fa th er th e fa m ily beg a n to ,

b e tr oubl ed a t ni g h t by a m an g la la b as
’
H e th r ew s to n es a t .

the h o u se , broke th e w a ter j a rs , a n d m oved th e bed s

-
Som e .

pillow s w ere even found in th e kitch en th e nex t d a y Th e .

secon d n i g h t M a n g,l a la b a s vis ited th e h o u se a g a in H e p in ch e d .

the wi d ow ; b u t w h en sh e woke up sh e could n ot see a n yth ing ,

.

Ma n g la la b a s a l so em ptied a l l th e w a ter j a r s Accord ing ly th e

-
.

fa m ily d ecided to a ba ndo n the h ou se .

tera l ly.
Li
“
Gi ve us n th e
here i cei
ling som e g ood foo d .

Na rra ted b y Arsen i faci

o B on i o . a Tag a l og . w h o h ea r d th e stor y fro m s fa th er
hi .

M an gla la bas , litera lly. th e on e w ho a p pears ; is ,

“ "
. . a ppa r i
tion .
50 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k Lore -
Soci
ety .

A ba n d of b ra ve m en i n th a t tow n assem bl ed , a n d w en t to th e

h ou se . At m i dn i g h t t h e s p ir it ca m e a g a i
n b u t th e b r a v e m en ,

sa i d they w er e read y to fig h t it Ma n g la la b as m ad e a g r ea t .

d ea l of noi se i n th e h ou se He poured o u t a ll the w a ter , ki

. cked

th e d oors , a n d a s ked th e m en w ho th ey w er e They a n sw ered , .

“
We a re fellow s w ho ar e g oing to kill you B u t w h en the .

s pi rit a ppr o a ched th em , a n d th ey sa w th a t i t w as a g hos t, th ey

fl ed a w a y Fr om th a t ti
. m e o n , no body w a s w i llin g to pass a
ni g h t in t h a t h o u se .

In a cer ta in ba rrio of B a luba d th er e l ived two queer m en

1
.

O n e w as ca ll ed B ul a g beca u s e h e w a s bl i
, nd ; a n d th e oth er , C uba ,
beca u se he w a s hun chba cked O n e d a y th ese two a r ra ng ed to.

g o to B a lub a d to b eg B efo r e t
.h ey se t ou t, th ey a g r e ed th a t
th e bl i nd m a n s h ould ca r ry th e hunchba ck on h is s ho ulder to
th e tow n So th ey set ou t
. Af ter th ey h a d crossed the B a luba d
.

River C uba sa id Sto p a m inu te, B ul a g ! h ere is a h a tchet

,
“
, .

C uba g o t dow n a n d pi cked i t up Th en th ey proceed ed a g a in. .

A seco nd ti m e C ub a g o t ofl th e bl i nd m a n s s houlder , fo r he ’

s a w a n old g u n by th e r oa d s i de He picked this up a l so a n d .

,

too k i t a lo n g w i th h i m .

Wh en th ey r ea ched th e town , th ey begg ed a t m a ny of th e

h ou ses , a n d fin a lly th ey ca m e to th e l a rg e a ba nd oned h ou se .

Th ey d i d n o t kn ow th a t th i s pl a ce w as h a un ted by a s pi rit .

C ub a sa i d , Ma ybe n o on e is l iving in th is house ; a n d B ul a g

“

“
r epl i ed , I th ink w e h a d better s ta y h ere for the n i g h t .

As th ey w er e a fr a i d th a t so m ebody m ig h t com e th ey w en t ,

up in to th e ceil ing At m idn ig h t th ey w er e a w a kened by Ma ng

.

“
la la b a s m a ki n g a g r ea t n oi se a n d s h o u ti ng I bel ieve th a t th er e ,

a re so m e n ew pers o n s i n m y ho u se ! C ub a fr i g h te n e d , fi r ed ,

th e g u n .Th e g hos t th oug h t th a t th e no i se o f th e g u n w a s

so m e o n e cr yi ng So h e sa id If you ar e tr uly a b ig m a n , g ive

.
,

m e so m e p roofs .

Then C uba took th e h a ndl e ou t of th e h a tch et a n d th rew th e

h ea d down a t th e g host Ma n g la la b a s th oug h t th a t th is w as
.

o n e o f th e teeth o f h i s vi sito r a n d co nvi n ced th a t th e in tr ud er

, ,
“
w a s a pow er ful per son h e sa i d I h a ve a bu r ied tr ea s u re n ea r
, ,

th e ba r n I w is h you to d ig it up The rea son I com e h er e

. .

ever y n i g h t is on a cc o un t o f th i
s tr e a s u r e If yo u w ill o nly .

”
di g i
t up I w ill
, n o t cr im e h er e a n y m o r e .

The nex t n i g h t B ul a g a n d C uba d u g in th e g r o u nd nea r the

B a rri
o, a sm a l l collecti
on of h ou ses for m i
ng a ki dn of s u b bt
ur o a town .
 li
Fi pino P opu l a r Tal es .
51

b ar n Th ere they found m a ny g old a n d si

. lver p i eces Wh en .

they w ere d i vi d in g the rich es , C uba kep t th ree four th s of the

-

“
trea s u re for h i m self B ul a g sa i d , Let m e see if you h a ve
.

”
di vi ded fai r ly , a n d , pl a cing h is h a nds on the two piles , he found
tha t C u b a s w a s m u ch l ar g er
’
.

An g r y a t the d i scover y , C ub a s tr u ck B ul a g i n th e eyes , a n d

th ey w ere O pen ed Wh en B ula g could see, he kicked Cuba in

.

th e b a ck , a n d s tr a ig h tw a y h is d e fo r m ity d i
sa ppe a r ed T h er e .

for e th ey beca m e fr i end s a g a i n , di vided th e m oney equ a lly ,

a n d ow n ed th e b i g h o u se be t w een th e m .

N O TE S .

A P a m pa n go vers i on The Cr ipp le a n d the B l i

, n d Ma n ( I h a v e i
t
s a l m os t i ca l w i
“
on ly i n a b s tra ct) , i den ti th th e secon d pa r t o f
:
The
Fou r B li n d B ro ther s
”
A blin d m an an d a cr ip p le tra vel together ,
.

b lin d m a n ea r r yi n g , cripp le g u i di ng R ope, dr u m , ha tchet, etc

. .

B u t these two com pa n i on s do n o t q u a r rel over th e di s tr ibu tion o f the

w es l th : they li ve pea cefu lly tog ether .

I have p r i n ted i n fu ll five o f th e ver s i on s , b eca u se , w h i le they a re

m em b er s o f a ver y w i des p rea d fa m i ly of ta les in w hich a poor b u t
va l i a n t h ero decei ve s a n d o u tw i ts a g i a n t, og r e, g hos t, or ba n d o f

ro b b er s , th ey fo rm a m ore r e s tr icted bro ther hood o f tha t la r g e fa m i ly ,

a n d th e decep ti on i s of a ver y defin i te s peci a l sor t The hero a n d th e
.

ou twi tted do n o t m eet fa ce to fa ce, n or i s th er e a co n tes t o f prow es s b e

tw een them .Merely by d is p la yin g as tok en s oih is size a n d s tren g th

cer ta i n seem i n g ly u seless a r ti cles w hi ch h e h as p i ck ed u p a n d ca rr i ed

a lo ng w i th h i m on hi s tra vels th e hero fr i

, g h t en s fo r ev e r fr o m t h e i
r

ri ch h om e a ba n d o f robber s or a g i a n t or a g hos t, a n d r em a i ns i n

p o s s e
s s i
o n o f t h e tr e a s u res o f th e d e ce iv e d o n e .

Tro lls , og r es , g i a n ts ro bber s dra g on s a r e pro ver bi

, , , a lly s tu p i d, a nd
a clever hero w i th m or e w i ts tha n br a w n h as n o d i fficu l ty i n thoro u g h ly

fr ig h te n in g t h e m G r
. im m
’
s s to r y o f
“
T h e B ra v e Li tt l e T a il o r

( N O . w ith its i n c id en ts o f
“
c h ees e s q u ee z in
-
g ,
” “
b ir d -
th r ow in g ,
“
p r et e n d ed ca r r i
y gn o f th e oa k -
tr ee ,
” “
s p r in i
g gn o v er t h e ch e r r y
” “ ” “
tree, a n esca pe fro m th e b ed , a n d o pen i ng wi th th e s even a t a - -

b low ep isod e i s typ i

, ca l o f o n e la r g e g r o u p o f ta l es a b o u t a g i ant

ou tw i
tted . (For a n en u m era ti
on of th e l
a n a og u es , s ee l
B o te P o i l
vk a ,
-

1 : 1 48 — 1 65 ; for fu ller discu ss ion of som e of them see C os q u in 1

a , ,

96 In an other gr ou p th e her o ta k es ser vi ce w i th th e g i ant ,

dr a g o n , etc. , k eeps u p the d ecep ti n g s u per h u m a n ly s tr o n g

o n o f bei ,

b u t g ets th e m o n s ter to do a ll th e w or k , a n d fin a lly w i n s hi s w a y to

wea lth an d relea se (see G r i m m , No 1 83 ; Vo n H a h n , No 1 8 a n d n o tes ;

. .

Cr a n e, 345, n o te 34 ; Da s s n t, Nos v a n d m d i ) T
. h en th er e i
s th e .
52 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n F ol k Lore Soci
ety - .

g r ou p o f s tor i
es n w hi
i ch th e ca n n i
ba l wi tch i n to h er own
s po p ped i

o ven , w hi
ch
h a d b een h ea tish e
n g for h er vi m (cf G r i
cti m m , No 1 5 ; . .

a n d Bo l t P o l i
e -
vk a , 1

cu l a r g r o u p o f s tor i
O u r p a r ti es , how ever , seem s to ow e l ittle or
n ot h in g to th e typ es j u s t m en tion ed I t a p pea rs to belo n g
.
p e c u l i
a r ly
to the O r i
en t I n fa ct, I do . n o t k n ow o f i
of de
ts occu r ren ce o u ts i
I n dia a n d th e P hil ip pin es Tha t the ta le is well k n own in th e Is la n ds
.

a t l ea s t a s fa r n or th a s cen tra l L u zo n , o u r five va r i

a n ts a ttes t ; a n d th a t

it i s fa i r ly w i des prea d i n I n di a, I refer pa r ticu la r ly to th e m ethod

o f the d ecep ti o n , for o n th i s th e w ho l e s tor y tu r n s , th ree H i n doo

ver s i
on s m a y b e ci
ted den ce.
a s ev i

( )
1 Th e B lin d Ma n , th e Dea f Ma n , a nd the Do n k e y ( Fr er e No , . 18 )
p resen ts y l
m an c o se co rr es po n den ces to I n th e Juan th e B li d
n Ma n .
”

I n di a n ta e a n l b li d m
a n a n d a d ea f m a n en ter i n to p a r tn er s i p O n e d a y, h .

w i h le o n a o n a l g w lk
wi t hi s fri h
en d , th e d ea f m a n sees a d on k e wi th a y
l a g e a te j a r o n i
r w r -
ts b a ck . h
T in k in g th e a n im a w i b e u sefu to t em , l ll l h
hy
t e ta k e i t a n d th e j a r wi t t em h h
F a r t er a o n g t e co ect s om e a r g e
. h l h y ll l
l
b a ck a n ts i n a s n u ff- b ox O ver ta k en b y s tor m , t e seek s e ter i
. n a hy hl
y h
l a r g e, a pp a ren tl deser ted ou se, a n d ock th e d oo r ; b u t th e ow n er , a terr i l b e l
h
R a k s a s , r etu r n s , a n d o u d l
dem a n ds en tr a n ce lyTh e dea f m a n , oo k in g . l
h
t ro u g a c i h
nk i h
n th e w a l , i s g rea t fr ig te n e l
d b y th e ly h
a p p ea r a n ce o f t h e

m o n s ter ; b u t the b i nd m a n bo d l sa s t a t h e i l ly y h
s B a k s h as , R a k s as s
’
h
fa th er I
n cr ed u lo u s , th e R a k s a s w i
. s es to see h i h h
s fa t er s fa ce Do n k e s ’
h ’
. y
h ea d s ow n h O n hi s d esi
. rin g to see h i s fa t er s b od , th e
’
h u ge j a r i s ro ed y h ll
wi h
t a t u n d eri h
n g n oi se p a s t the c i nk i n the d oor h
R a k s a s as k s to ea r . h h
B a k s ha s s cr ea m Dea f m a n p u ts a n ts in to the do n k e s ea r : the a n i
.
’
m al, y
bi t b y th e i n sects , b ra s o rr i y h
b , a n d the R a k s as fl ees i ly n fr i g t h h
h
( R a k s a s retu r n s the n ex t m or n in g , a n d seein g th e b in d m a n , dea f m a n , l
a n d d on k e , a d en wi y l
t tr ea s u res , ea vi h
n g hi s o u se , h e d eter m i l n es to b e h
a ven g ed ; b u t b y a u ck ser i l
es o f a cci y
den ts the tr a ve er s s u cceed i n di s ll
co m fiti n g a n d t o ro u g h
terr i f i hly
n g th e R a k s a s a n d h i y s si x co m p a n i on s h
s u m m o n ed to e p hi hl
m , a n d tr a ve o n ) I n the d i vi si l
o n o f th e Sp ois , th e. l
d ea f m a n a ttem p ts to c ea t the b i h
n d m a n , w ho i n a ra g e gi l ves hi m so
trem en do u s a b ox o n th e ea r , t a t h i s ea ri ng i h
s r es to r ed ! h
I n r etu r n , th e
d ea f m a n g i ves hi s n ei g b o r s o a r d a b ho w in t h e fa c h
e , t a t th e b ind l h l
m a n s e es a r e o pen ed
’
y T e a r e b ot so a s to n i
. hy
s ed , t a t t e h
b eco m e h h hy
g oo d fr ien d s a t o n ce , a n d d iv i d e th e w e a t e q u a lh lly .

“
The B r a h m i rl h h
”
2 ) n Gi t a t m a r ri
ed a Ti
g er ( Kin g scote No , . x ) . I n t is
s to r y th , b rot ers , on
r ee ei h
r wa y to r escu e t ei th r si s ter w h o h h a d b een
m a rr i ed to a ti g er , ta k e a o n g w i t t e m a n alss , a n a n t , h h
a p a m r a tr ee, l y -

a nd a bi g i
r o n w a s in g t u b T h h
e s i
s te r -
id e s h e r. b r o t e rs a n d t e i
r p o s h
ses h h
si on s i n a oft The ti lg e r .c o m es o m e a n d fr i
g te n s t h e b h
r o t e r s in to, h h
m aki n g a n oi se a n d t u s b e tr a i h
n g t ei r p r ese n ce y
He a sk s to ea r t ei h r . h h
voi ce h
You n gest b ro t er p u ts h is a n t in to th e ea r of th e a ss , w ic , w en
. h h h
b it, b eg in s to b a w o u t o rr i b l sk i h
n g to see t ei ly A
r eg s , ti
.
g er is s o w n th e h l h
l y
tr u n k o f th e p a m ra tr ee , a n d , o n a s ki -
n g to see t ei r be i es , is s ow n the h ll h
ir on tu b F ri g te n.e d , h e r uhn s a w a , a n d t h e s i
s ter i s res cu ed y .

( 3)
“
L ea r n in g a n d M o th er w it
”
( M cC u llo c h N o x x v i) H e re M o th er wi t, , . .
54 Mem oirs of the A m erica n Folk Lore Soci
ety-
.

N0 ques tio n w a s too h a r d for her to a n sw er , a n d th e king wa s

co ns ta n tly being su r p r ised a t h er sag a city .

O n e d a y th e ki ng conceived a pl a n by w h ich h e m ig h t tes t the

ing en i o u s Ma r cel a H e ba d e h i
. s ser va n ts pr ocu r e a ti ny bir d
“ ” “
a n d ca rr y i t to h er h ou se Tell her sa id th e ki
. n g to m a ke , ,

twel ve d i s h es o u t of th a t on e b i rd .

Th e ser va n ts fo und Ma r cela sew i ng Th ey told her o f th e

‘
.

or d er o f th e ki ng After th inking for five m inu tes s h e took on e

.
,
“
o f h er p i ns a n d sa id to th e ser va n ts
, I f the kin g ca n m a ke ,

twel ve s poon s o u t o f th i s pin I ca n a l so m a ke twel ve d i , s h es ou t

”
o f th a t b i rd O n r ecei
. ving th e a n sw er the king rea l ized th a t ,

th e w i se Ma r cel a h a d g o tten th e better o f h i m ; a n d h e beg a n to

th i nk of a noth er pl a n to puzzle h er .

Ag a in h e ba d e h is ser va n ts ca rr y a s h eep to Ma r cel a s h ou se ’

.

” “
Tell h er h e sa i
, d to sell th e s heep for six rea les a n d w ith
, ,
”
th e m o n ey th i s ver y sa m e s h ee p m u st com e ba ck to m e a l i ve .

At fir st Mar cel a could n ot m a ke o u t w h a t th e ki ng m ea n t for

h er to do Th en sh e th oug h t o f sell in g th e w ool o nly a n d n o t
.
,

th e w hol e s h eep So s he cu t off th e w ool a n d so ld i

. t for s i x

r ea les a n d sen t th e m on ey w i
, th th e l i
ve s h eep ba ck to the ki ng .

Thu s she w as a g a i n r el ieved fro m a d ifl icu lty .

Th e king by th i s tim e rea l i zed th a t h e could n o t bea t Mar cel a

in poi n ts of subtl ety How ever to a m use h im self h e fin a l ly

. , ,

th ou g h t o f on e m or e s ch em e to tes t her sa g a ci ty I t took hi m .

two w eeks to th i nk it o u t Su m m on i n g a m esseng er

. h e sa i d ,

to h i m ,Go to Ma r cel a a n d tell h er th a t I a m n ot w ell a n d

, ,

a n h a s a dvi s ed m e to d r i nk a cu p o f bull s m ilk ’

th a t m y physi ci .

Th er efo r e s h e m us t g et m e th i s m ed icine or h er fa th er w ill l ose ,

”
hi s pl a ce i n th e pa l a ce The kin g a l so i . ss u ed a n or der th a t

n o on e w a s to b a th e o r to w a s h a ny th i ng in th e r i ver fo r h e ,

w as goi ng to ta ke a ba th th e n ex t m or n ing .

As soon a s Ma r cel a h a d r ecei ved the co m m a nd o f th e ki ng

a n d h a d h ea r d o f h i
b e fo r m e to a n sw er th i
s h e a n d h er fa th er k i
“
s seco nd o r d er s h e s a i d How ea sy it w ill , ,
”
s silly ord er of th e k in g ! Th a t n i g h t
ll ed a p ig a n d s m ear ed its blood over th e
,

s l eep i ng m a t bl a nket a n d p illow s Wh en m or n ing ca m e

-
, , .
,

M a r cel a took th e s ta ined b ed cloth ing to th e so u r ce of th e r iver

-
,

w h ere th e ki ng w a s ba th in g As soon a s th e king ca u g h t sig h t

.

“
o f h er h e s a i
, d in a vo ice o f thund er Why do you w a sh yo ur ,

s tu ff i n the r i ver w h en yo u kn ow I o r d er ed th a t n obody s h o uld

u se the r i
ver to d a y b u t m e ?
-
 Fi
lipino P opu la r Ta les .
55

Mar cel a , I
re t pl i
i
s th
ed e cu s to m , m y l or d , i
n o u r cou n tr y ,

to w as h the m a t, p i llow s , a n d oth er th ing s s ta i n ed w i th bl ood ,

im m edi a te ly a f ter a perso n h a s g i ven bi r th to a ch i ld As m y .

fa ther g a ve bi r th to a ch i ld las t n ig h t, cus to m fo rces m e to d is

”
o b ey yo u r or d er , a l th ou g h I do i t m u ch a g a i n st m y w ill .

Nonsen se ! ”
d th e kin g sa i Th e i dea o f a m a n g iving
.
“

bi r th to a ch i ld ! Absu r d ! Rid i cu l ou s !
”

“
My l ord sa id Ma r cel a
”
,
“
it w ould b e j u st a s a bsu r d to
,

th i nk o f g etting m ilk from a bull .

Th en th e ki ng recollecting h is or der sa id Mar cel a as yo u

, , , ,

a r e so w i tty clever a n d vi
, r tu ou s I w i
, ll g ive you m y son fo r ,
”
y o u r h u s ba nd .

( )
6 K I NG T A SI O
l
.

J u a n w as a ser va n t in th e p a la ce o f King Ta s i o O n e da y .

Ki n g Ta s i o h ea r d Ju a n d i scu ss i ng w ith th e oth er ser va n ts i n

th e ki tch en th e m a n a g em en t of th e ki n g dom Ju a n sa id th a t .

h e kn ew m ore tha n a nybody el se i n th e p a l a ce Th e ki ng ca ll ed .

J u a n a n d told him to g o dow n to th e sea s hore a n d ca tch th e

,

r o ll i
ng w a ves .

Yo u s a i d th a t you a re the w isest m a n in the pa l a ce sa id th e ,

”
ki ng . Go a n d ca tch th e w a ves o f th e sea fo r m e .

“ ” “
Tha t s ver y ea s y 0 ki n g ! sa id Ju a n if yo u w i
’
, ll only ,

p ro v i
d e m e w i t h a r o pe m a d e o f s a nd t a ke n fr o m th e sea s h or e .

Th e ki ng d id n ot kn ow w h a t to a n sw er He l eft Ju a n w ithou t .

sa yi n g a nyth i ng w en t in to h is r oo m a n d beg a n to th ink of

, ,

so m e m or e d i fl icu lt w or k .

Th e n ex t d a y h e ca ll ed Ju a n Ju a n ta ke th is s m a ll bi . rd ,

”
a n d m a ke fifty ki nds of food ou t of it sa id th e kin g , .

” “
Yes s i r! , sa id Ju a n if yo u w i ll only p rovid e m e w ith a
,
”
s to ve a p a n, a n d a kn i
, fe m a d e ou t of th is needl e h a nd ing a ,
“
n eed le to th e ki ng w ith w h ich to cook th e b ir
, Ag a i n th e
kin g did n ot kn ow w h a t to do He w a s ver y a ng r y a t Ju a n . .

“
J u a n g et ou t of m y pa l a ce ! Don t you let m e see you
,
’

”
w a lki n g on m y g r o und a r ound th i s pa l a ce w i th ou t m y con sen t !
sa i d th e ki ng .

“ ”
Ver y w ell s i r! sa id Ju a n a n d h e l eft th e pa l a ce im m edi
, ,

a tely .

Th e nex t da y King Ta s i o sa w Ju a n i n fr on t o f th e pa l a ce ,

ridi ng on his pa r a gos d r a w n by a ca ra ba o .

Narra ted b y Leop ol d Fa us ti a Tag log w h

o sa y th t th e sto y i p op la r a d
no, a . o s a r s u n

com m on a m on g th e peop le of L a L a g u na p rovin ce.

Pr ep s . a ki
nd of ru d e. lo w sled g e d ra wn cara by ba os a n d used b y far m ers .
 Mem oirs of the A m er i
ca n Fol k Lor e Soci
ety -
.

Di
d I ll you n ot to s ta nd or w a lk on m y g round a r ound
n o t te

th i s pa l a ce ? Why a re yo u h ere n ow ? Do you m ea n to m ock

m e ? s h o u ted th e ki ng .

ll yo u r Ma j es ty s eyes plea s e see

“ ”
sa i
’
Well d Ju a n
, wi ,

w h eth er I a m s ta ndi n g on yo ur gr ound o r n ot ? This i s my

”
g r o und .A n d h e p o in t ed to th e ea r th h e h a d o n hi s p a r a go s .

“
I took th is from m y or ch a r d .

Th a t s enoug h Ju a n d Kin g Tasio

’
sa i , I ca n h a ve n o
, .

m ore foo l i s h n ess Th e kin g fel t ver y un com for ta ble beca u se
.
,

m a ny o f h i s cou r ti ers a n d ser va n ts w er e s ta nd i n g th er e l i steni ng

to hi s ta lk w i th Ju a n .

“
Ju a n p u t th is squ as h in to th is j a r B e ca reful ! See th a t
, .

”
y o u d o n o t b r ea k ei th e r t h e s qu as h o r th e j a r sa id th e k in g , ,

a s h e h a nd ed a squ a s h a n d a j a r to Ju a n Now th e n eck of .

,

th e j a r w a s s m a ll a n d the squ a s h w as a s b i , g a s t h e j a r S o .

Ju a n h a d ind eed a difi cu lt ta s k .

Ju a n w en t h o m e He p u t a ver y s m a ll squ as h w h ich h e h a d

.
,

g r o w in g in hi s g a r d en in s d
i e th e j a r H e d i d n o
, t h o w e v e r .
, ,

cu t i t fr om the vi n e After a few w eeks the squ a s h h ad g r own

.

bi g en o u g h to fill t h e j a r Ju a n t h e n p i
c k ed o ff t h e s qu .a s h e n

cl osed i n th e j a r a n d w en t to the ki , ng He pr esen ted th e j a r .

to th e ki ng w h en a ll th e ser va n ts cou r tiers an d vis itor s fr om , ,

o th er tow n s w er e pr esen t As soo n as th e ki ng sa w th e j a r w ith

.

th e squ a s h i n i t h e fa i n ted I t w a s m a ny h ou rs befor e h e

, .

r ecover ed .

N O TES .

A third ver s i
on ( ) c , a Bi
co l s tor y en ti
tled Ma r cela o u tw i
ts th e
Ki
ng , n a r ra ted G reg or i by
o Fr o n doso o f C a m a r i n es , r esem bles

l
c ose ly th e P a m pa n go s tor y o f Ma r cela , w i
th thm e m i
n o r di fl er en ces :

The h ier oi
s th e d a u g ter of th e k i
ne n g s a d vi h
ser B er n a r d o To tes t th e ’
.

g i
r ls w
’
it, th e k i
n g s en ds h er a m o s q u i
to h e h a s k i ed , a n d te s h e r to c oo k ll ll
iti h
n su c a w a y t a t i h
t wi s er ve twe ve p ers o n s ll
Sh e sen d s b a ck a p i n to l .

hi m , wi t h
wor d t a t i h
f h e ca n m a k e tw e ve fo r k s fro m the p i n , th e m os l
ll l
q u ito wi ser ve tw e ve pers on s The seco n d a n d t ir d t a s k s a r e iden tica . h l
wi h h
t t os e i n th e P a m p a n g o vers ion At a s t, s a ti s ed wi t her s a g a cit , . l fi h y
th e k in g m a k es h er h i s c i ef co u n se o r h ll .

In ti
a ddi o n to th e t ree h p p
o u a rl ta les of th e C lever L a ss cyc e , l
o n s o f th e s tor y co n ta i
tw o ch a p boo k ver s i - ning , i den ts
n ci l a ck in g i
n

the fol k ta l es m a y b e m en ti
- o n ed h er e
,

A Bu ha y sa n g p a s tora n g tu b o se vi
i na ng ll a n a n a g u i
n g a sa u a n a n g h a ri
se sa n g ca a b a sa
i (
“
l
L I F E o r A SHEP H E R
. DE SS W H O W A S B O R N IN A
 li
Fi pino P opu la r Ta l es .
57

TO W N , AN D WHO WIF E O F A KI NG B EC A USE O F A P UMP

B EC AME TE E
M il 1 908 Th i t y i i v an a, d mp i .i ty s s or s n er se, an co r ses s x

i q t a i of 1 2 yll b l
s x ua r sso ns ced l i I t i k ow-
s ly a e a na n n es . s n n on

n T g a log
i I b el ive
a , e .

B B h y
u a p i g dna i R od l f na a c i F el iza d
aa n a n t i P i
s ca n o o na na n r o a n r

sa ca h a r i
ang Va len cia .
(
“
LIF E OF R O DO L F O , SO N F EL IZ A R DO AN D
OF

P R I S C A , I N TE E KI N GDO M O F Ma y l
n ia , 1 9 1 0 Li k e the
.

p re c e di n g , t is c orr ido i
s khn o w n on ly n Ta g a
i l og , a n d i s w ri tten i n

12 s
- yll l
a b e a sso n a n ced in es l .

O f th es e tw o p r i n ted ver s i on s I g i ve below a l i ter a l tr a n s la ti

, o n o f the

firs t ( A) , n ot o n ly b eca u se i ti s s hor t ( 2 64 l i n es ) , b u t a l so b eca u s e i t wi ll

b e seen to b e closely co n n ected w i th th e fo l k ta les
- F or h el p i n m a ki ng .

thi s tra n s l a tio n I a m u n der obl i g a tio n t o M r S a l v a d or U nso n , w h ich I .

g r a tef u lly a c k n ow l ed g e T h e s e c o n d s tor y ( ) g

B. I iv e o n ly in p a r tia l
s u m m a ry It i s m u ch too lo n g to b e pr i
. n ted i n fu ll , a n d , be s i des ,
con ta i ns m a n y i n ci den ts th a t ha ve n o th i n g to do w i th ou r cycle It .

R odol fo l
“ ”
wi ll b e n o ti ced tha t B
( ) r es em b e s ra th e r th e E u ro pe a n

for m s of th e s tor y ; w h i le A a n d the three fol k ta les a re m or e O rien ta l ,

-

d es p i te th e con ven ti o n a l his tor ica l s etti n g of A .

A . C AY C AL A B AS A : TB E L I F E O F A SB EF E ER DEs s B O R N I N A TO W N , WE O
W
B EC AME TE E I F E O F A KI N G B ECAu s E O F A P UMP KI N "
.

1. Ye h ly
o l i the h a v
a n ge s h lp m y t
n e en s, e on g u e to ex p ress a n d to l
re a te

th e s to y I wi
r l l tell .

2. In ea r ly tim w h Adove i Ki g f
es , en n e s, n o B org on a , w a s l liv
s til a e, he
w en t t i t the p l i
ou to h
n o t f d a ns un or eer , a n d a cci
den a t lly b e ca m e

fr om h i
sepa ra ted s co m p a n i ons .

3 I n. h is w a n d er in g a b o u t , h e s a w a b u t, w i c h a d a g a r d en s u rr ou n d in g it h h .

A
b ea u tifu ou n g m a i ly
den too k ca re o f the g a rden , i n w i c were h h
g r o w in g m e o n s a n d p u ml p ki n s .

4 T h
. e ki n g p
s o k e to t h e m a i
d en , a n d a s k ed , a t p a n ts a r e y ou g r o w in g Wh l
er e ?h ”
The g ir r ep i ed ,
“
I a m ra il si l
n g p u m pk i n s a n d m e on s
”
l .

5 N o
. w , th e k in g a pp e n e d t o b e ht irs t , a n d a s k ed h e r fo r b u t h
a d r i
n k y .

“
h
We w er e u n tin g in the ea t of the da y, a n d I fe t t is t irst co m e h l h h
”
on me .

6 . Th e den rep i
m ai ed , l O i u stri
ou s k ill
n g ! we a ve w a ter i
n a m ea n j a r , h
b ut i t i s su re ly n ot tti
ng t at fi ou r Ma j es t h y
n k fr o m a
s o u d d ri y h l
j a r !
7 I f.w e h a d a j a r o f p u re g o d , in w ic w e co u d p u t w a te rl fr o m a b es t h h l l
fo u n ta in , t en i h
t w o u d b e p ro p er for o u r Ma j es t l It i s n ot ri g t y y . h
o r w or t hy h
t a t yo u s o u d d ri n k fro m a b ase j a r
”
h l .

8 The k i
. n g r ep i
-
ed to the g i l
r , Never m i n d the j a r , p r o vi lded the w a ter i s

coo
”
l
Th e m a i den w en t i
. n to the ou se, a n d p r esen tl th e ki ng h y
d ra n k hi s fill .

9 Af ter
. h e h a d d r u n k , h e a n de d h er b a ck th e j a r ; b u th w e n t h e m a id en h
ha d recei ved i t (i n .h er a n ds) , s he s u dden s tr u ck i h
t a ga i n s t the ly
s ta i rca se The j a r w as s a tter ed to b its
. h .

1 0 The ki
. n g sa w th e a ct a n d won dered a t i t, a n d i n hi s ea rt h e t o u g t h h h
h
t a t the m a i den h a d n o m a n n ers For th e i m p u den ce of her a cti on , .

he deci ded to p u n i s her h .

58 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n F l
o k Lore Soci
-
ety .

( He sa i
d ) Yo u
i n m e, the tr a ve er , a n o b e k i
see n g a n d ( you k n ow) ll l ,

h
t at I h l
o d the crow n di Why
d you s a tter t a t j a r of yo u rs,
. h h
recei ved fro m m y a n ds ? h
The m a iden r ep i ed ,
“
The r ea so n l b rok e the j a r , on g k ep t for m a n y I l
yea rs b y m y m ot er , 0 k i ng ! i h
s tha t I s ou d n o t i k e to a ve i t u sed h l l h
b y a n ot er h .

A h
fter ea r i n g t a t, th e k i h
n g m a de n o rep , b u t r etu rn ed ( b a ck ) towa rd s ly
th e ci t , be i y
evi ng i n hi l s ea rt t a t the w o m a n to w o m h e h a dh h h
s pok en w a s vi r tu o u s .

A fter so m e ti m e th e k i n g o n e d a y or dered a so di er to ca rr to the l y

m ai d en a n ew n a rr o w -
n eck ed j a r , i n to w i c s he w a s to p u t a p u m p h h
ki n en ti re .

He a lso or dered the so di er to te the g i l r ll

t a t s he s ou d n o t b rea k l h h l
h
th e j a r , b u t t a t th e j a r a n d p u m p ki n s o u d rem a i n en ti re h l .

In a sm u c h
as the m a i den w a s c ever , h er p er cep ti l
o n g ood , a n d her

u n d ers ta n d i n g b o d , s h e a n s wer ed w i l t a n o t er p rob em : s h e sen t h h l

hi m b a ck a j a r t a t a l r ea d h
ha d a p u m p k i n i n i t y .

She de i l
vered i t to the so di er , a n d the u ps o t o f h er rep l w a s th rs h ly
“
The p u m p k in a n d the j a r a re w o e The k in g m u s t rem ove th e h l .

p u m p k in w it o u t b rhe a k in g t h e j a r
”
.

Th e so di l er s o u dered i h l t a n d wen t b a ck to the ki n g , a n d to d hi m t at l h

her a n swer w as t a t h e s o u d ta k e the p u m p k i h h l
n o u t o f th e j a r , a n d

l ea ve b o t w o e h h l .

Wh en th e ki n g sa w the j a r , he sa i d n ot i n g ; b u t he t ou g t i n hi s h
ea r t h h h
h l
t a t h e w o u d sen d her a n ot er p u zz e h l .

Ag a i n b y th e so d i e r h e s e n t lh e r a b o tt l e , a n d r e q u es t e d t a t i t b e fil l ed h
wi h
t th e m ik o f a b u l ( H e f u r t e r all
d d e d ,.
) t a t , if th e o r d h
e r wa s h
n o t co m p i ed wi l
t , s he s o u d b e p u n i h s ed h l h .

l
The g ir s a n sw er to the k in g wa s t i
’
s:
“
La s t n i g t m y fa t e rh g a ve h h
bi rt h hl
to a c id ; a n d even t o u g yo u o rder i t, iti h
s i m pos si h b e for m e l
to g et ( yo u ?) a n y b u s m ik ( to ll ’
l
l
Who wou d n o t won der , w en he co m es to ea r of it, a t the a n g u a ge h h l
b a ck a n d for t b etween th e k i h n g a n d the g i r ! For w a t m a n ca n l h
g iv e b ir t t o a c h i d , a nd w a t b u hl c a n gi v e m il k ? h ll
At a g r ea t fes ti va l w i c the k i h h
n g ga ve, a tten ded b y k n i g ts a n d cou n ts , h
h e sen t a p i p it 1
to th e g i r , a n d o r d e r ed h e r t o coo l k se v e n d is es o f it h .

Th e m a i den ( i n rep ) s e n t th e k i n ly
g a n ee d e , a n d a s k ed hi m t o m a k e a l
l y
s tee fr i n g pa n k ni fe, a n d sp i
-
, t ou t of i t, w i c s he m i g t u se in h h h
coo k i n g th e p i p ti .

Th e k in g a g a in se n t to her wit t i s word : I f you a re r ea h h ver i n lly y

telli g e n t a n d i
f y o u a r e t r u w ise , y o u w i c a tc t hlye w a v e s a n d b i n d ll h
h
t em .
”

Th e sol di
er retu rn ed a t o n ce to the m a i
den , a nd to ld h er h
t a t the o r ders
of n g w ere t a t s h e
th e k i h s h o ld
u ca tc bih a nd
n d th e w a ves .

The m ai
den sen t b a ck wor d b y th e so di l
er t a t it i h
s n o t p ro p er to d i
s

ob e y a ki
ng . ll
Te the kin g to m a k e m e a ro pe ou t o f the oa m I l
am sen d i
n g.

Aga i n th e so l di er retu r n ed to the pa a ce , l a nd, ta k i

n g the b l ht
a ck ea r t o

th e k i
ng, h e sa i
d,
“
ake M
her a ro pe o u t of t i
s h l oa m , th w h i
wi ch

sh e wi ll ca tc h a nd bi
n d the wa ves
”
.

1 P ipit. a ti
n y bir d .
 Fi
lipino P opu la r Ta l es .
59

Afte r the so ldiha d de iervered hi l

s m essa g e, the k i n g wa s a l m os t s a k i ng h
wi th ra ge
“
. h
Who u n der ea ven ca n m a k e a ro pe o u t of oa m ? ”
l
Now he ordered the so di er to fetc l
the m a i den
“
h
An d for h er i m .

p o d e n ce ,
”
h e sa i
d ,
“
w i p u n is h erI ll h .

He ordered the soldi er to m a k e as te a n d to retu r n a t o n ce h The m a i d en .

di d n ot resi s t h er p u n i h
s m en t, a n d w as p a ced i n a we l ll .

Now , t i hs w el i n to w i l h h
c s h e w a s ca s t la y i n fro n t o f the wi n do w o f th e

ki h
n g , so tha t w en ever he s ou d oo k o u t of the w i h l l
n dow he m i g t h
s ee her .

O n e m or n i l
n g , as he oo k ed ou t a n d sa w h er t er e b e o w h i m , sh e a s k ed h l
hi m to g i ve her fir e .

The k in g sa id to her , I a m a w or d-fa m ed k in g , a n d it i l

s n o t m y des i re

to d escen d j u st b eca u se of ou r r eq u es t y
Go a s k fire fro m the .

m o u n ta i n .

l
The g ir m a de n o a n swer to hi s j es ti n g r ep Som e tim e a ter the ly . l
ki ng hl
e d so m e g a m es , a n d o r d ered t a t th e m a i den b e ta k en o u t h
o f th e w e ll .

l h
The kin g to d her t a t s he wa s pa rdo n ed fo r a ll her o fl en ces Bu t as
'

l o n g as Ih
a ve vi sitors he sa i
“
d , yo u a re to b e m y cock .

h
T e n th i s o rd er wa s gi ven to th e g i r :
“
You a re to coo k the food l .

yh ll
E ver t in g m u st b e w e pr epa red Al l th e food m u s t b e p a a ta b e . l l
a n d ta s t y .

The m a i d en , ow ever , de i h b er a te l ly l
eft a ll th e foo d u n sa ted ; b u t s h e l
fa s ten ed to th e b o tto m of the p a te the n ecessa r sa t l y l .

Wh e n a t the ta b e the k i l
n g a n d hi s co u n ci l w er e n o t sa tis ed wi t th e fi h
food , b eca u se t ere W h
a s n o sa l t i n i t, th e m a i den w a s a g a in s u m m o n ed .

I o rd ered yo u to coo k b eca u se you w er e clever ; b u t yo u too k n o ca r e

o f th e coo k i ng am . Why
t us i n s u ted a n d m y I h o n o r des tr o ed l h y
”
b efore m y g u es ts ?
The m a id en a t o n ce retu r n ed a n s wer to the cou n ci a n d to h i s Ma j es t l y
“
Loo k u n der n ea th th e p a tes ; a n d i f t ere i ls n o t th e n ecessa r sa t, h y l
l
m y ord , co n dem n m e a s you see fit
”
.

h
She ha d t ose n ea r th e k i ng i ft t ei l h
r p a tes , a n d s h e h a d h im oo k u n der l l .

l
The sa l t w as fo u n d n o t a ck in g , a n d the k in g cea sed fro m hi s co n

ten ti h
on a n d t o u g t a b o u t th e m a tter h .

h
T en he sa i “
d , I f you ha d m i x ed i n a i ttle w it the food , t en i t w ou d l h h l
ha ve b een g ood a n d pa a ta b e l l
Ex p a in to m e th e s ig n i ca n ce of
. l fi
yo u r a ct.
”

0 gr ea t k i ng !
”
a n swered the m a i den , I ca n ea si rep to ou r ly ly y
q u es tio n B y ea vin g the sa t ou t,
. l l
m ea n t m e, a n d n o o n e e se I l
s h e m ea n t to s u gg es t h er o w n ca se w en s h e w a s i n th e w e ] h ll .

Yo u in s tr u cted m e to g et fir e fro m the m o u n ta i n ca n yo u n o t . Why

ta s te t i h
s sa l t, w i c i h h
s j u s t u n der th e p a te? l
B eca u se I a m a n u n for tu n a te perso n , a n u n w or t s ep er dess fr o m hy h h
h
t e w oo ds I f I er e a ci
w . t b red p erso n , even t o u g
- y
m os t o r d i
na r , h h y
I h l
s ou d b e o n or ed in h
ou r p r esen ce
”
y .

ly
To the rep o f the g ir the k in g s ook hi s l ea d , a n d p ressed h i s fore h h
h ea d (in h
t ou g t) h . He ha d fa ll en i
n l ove, a nd hi
s h ea r t w as op

p r essed . He deter m i n ed to m a rr y h er .

They were m a rr i
ed a t o n ce , a n d a t o n ce s h e wa s h
clo t ed a s a q u een ;
60 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n Folk Lor e Soci
ety -
.

a l th ou g h sh e was on ly a l wly h ep h
o s er dess , s h e wa s loved b eca u se
of th e s wee tn ess o f h er vo i
ce .

Afte livi g tog th

r n l g tim th y h d q el th k i g h a d co
e er a on e, e a a u a rr : e n n

c iv d
e d ili
e k f h a cl v ess
s e or er e er n .

R t t
e u rn a c t y f th a d m th
on e h ai
o d Go b ck t th
ou r a er n o er , e s . a o e

m t i d liv th
ou n a n s a n e er e.

I wi ll ll w y t t k with y wh t v y wa t g ld il v
a o ou o a e ou a e er ou n , o , s er ,

d T k w ith y
resses . l tw m id
a e o u a so o a s.
”

Th q ee c ld ot tt
e u n w d; i
ou l tl y h l t h
n t a f ll
u She
er a or s en s e e er e rs a .

th g h t
outh t b d f t h d c m u po h
a a or u n e a o e n er .

T b b i f th k i g g t p f m hi h i
o e r e , e d l y d w i h i b ed
n o He
u ro s c a r an a o n n s .

p t de
re en d t g t l ee p i d th
o t h e m i
o g h t t
o s th q u ee n or er a no see e n

dep a r t .

Wh en th e q u een sa w t a t th e k i n g wa s rea l h
s eep i n g , s he co ver ed h i m ly l
u p (i n h er sorr ow ) , a n d s u m m o n ed th e serva n ts .

She order ed t em to i ft hi h
m u p a n d ca rr h i l
m to the m ou n ta i ns In y .

y
ca r r i n g hi m , b e ca r efu n o t to w a k e hi l
m u n ti th e m ou n ta i n s a re l
h
r ea c ed .

T ehyl ifted the b ed a n d too k h i m do w n s ta i rs ; b u t w en t e w ere h hy

y
ca r r i ng i t o u t o f th e pa a ce, th e b ed s tr u ck a g a i l
n s t th e fr o n t d oo r .

Th e kin g a wok e in s u r p rise .

He s a i d,
“
at i Wh
s th e rea so n for ca r r i n g a wa a s eep i ng m an ?
”
y y l
h h h
He a s k ed t e m w et er t e in ten ded to t ro w a w a t ei hy
r so verei gn h y h .

A t o n ce b e s u m m on ed the g u a r ds of the p a la ce a n d or dered the a rr es t

o f th e ser va n ts ; b u t t e p r o tes t ed t a t t e w ehy
re m e r e ob e i ng h hy ly y
th e o rders of the q u een .

h h
T en th e k in g a s k ed W er e the q u een w a s w ho h a d or dered t a t He h .

h a d her b ro u g t b efo re h i h
m , a n d dem a n d ed of her W h y s he wi s ed h
to ca s t hi m a wa y .

The q u een a n swer ed , r em i n din g hi m t us : My u sb a n d , m y b e o ved , h h l

h
W a t di d yo u te m e som e ti ll
m e a g o w e n you w ere d ri vi n g m e a wa ? h y
Di ll
d yo u n o t te m e to se ect w a tever I m i g t d es ir e , l
in c l u d in g go d h h l
l
a n d siver , a n d ta k e i t wi t m e ? Yo u a r e m y c o i ce h h .

E ven i h l
f I s o u d b ecom e ver g ood a n d ver ri c , I s o u d s ti b e y y h h l ll
wi h h
t ou t o n or b efor e G od a n d the p eo p e l .

l
I t w o u d b e s a m efu to th e Di h vi ne l
o rd for u s m a r r i ed peo p e to W l
sep a r a te l
Yo u wo u d b e ta u n ted b y o u r co u n se or s for a vin g
. y ll h
m a r ried so m e o n e b en ea t you
”
h .

Her r ep ly
r em in d ed the k i n g t a t w a tever m i g t a ppen , t e w er e h h h h hy
m a rr i ed , a n d s ou d rem a i h l
n tog et er a l l t ei r ives h h l .

F or g i ve m e, m y wi fe i g t o f m y e es ! F o r,g i
v l h
e t h e w r o n g s a ve y I h
done ! I a m to b a m e for the m i l
s ta k e for m y th ou g h tl ess n es sl ”
.

h h yl
F r o m t en o n , t e oved ea c o t er th e m or e, a n d w ere a p p b eca u se h h h y
hy
t e n ever q u a r r e ed fu r t er ll h .

B . TE E STO R Y OF R O DO L F O .

l
R odo fo w a s the o n so n of F el i ly
za r d o a n d P ri sca , w ho ived i n Va l en ci a l .

Wh e n R odo fo w a s seven l y
ea r s o ld , h e w a s s en t to sc oo , a n d p r oved h l
to b e a n a p t sc o a r ; b u t hi h l
s fa t er d i ed w i t i n a few ea r s , a n d th e b o y h h y
w a s ob ig edlt o a b a n d o n h i
s s tu d ies b eca u se o f p o ver t A t t h e s u g ges ti
on y .
62 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Folk Lore Soci
ety -
.

do n e The m em or of a m a n w ho h a s don e g ood d u rin g h i

. y s i fetim e l
wi l
l n ever b e for g otten R od o fo wi s ed to k n ow w et er the m a n to
. l h h h
b e b u ri ed w a s k i n d to h i s fe ow m en - I f he w a s , he wi a lw a s b ell . ll y
rem em b ered , a n d h e i s n ot dea d en R odo fo a s k ed you w et er . Wh l h h
the r i ce w i c h h
th e fa r m ers w er e p a n ti n g w a s a r ea d ea ten , h e wi s h edl l y
to k n ow i h
f t ose fa r m ers ha d b o rr ow ed so m u c ri ce fro m t ei r a n d or d s h h l l
h
t a t the n ex t ar ves t wou d o n h b e en ou g to pa y i l
t b a ck ly
I n a river h .

iti s i m possi l
b e to see th e t or n s w i c m a y u r t o n e s feet so i h ti s wi h h
se to h ’
,

wea r s oes w ie cr ossi h hln g a ri ver The i dea of O pen in g a n u m b re a . ll

u n der a tr ee i s a ver g oo d o n e b e c a u se it yf o r m s a p r o te ct io n a g
, a in s t
fa l i l
n g b ra n c es a n d fr u i ts h
I w i te you w h y I d i vi.ded the c i ll ll
ck en as h
I
di d g a v e
.
yo u I
t h e ea d a n d n e ck b e ca u se yho u a re t h e ea d o f t h e h
ly
fa m i ; th e wi n gs g a v e m y m o t e r b I
e c a u se s h e too k ca r e o f m e in h
m y
hl h
c id ood ; th e b od g a v e to R od o f o ,yI b ec a u s e it i s co u r teo u s to p ease l l
a vi si tor ; the eg s I k ep t m se f, b eca u se l am y l
o u r feet a n d a n ds I y h .

l
The a n g er of Es te a s fa t er w as p a ci ed b y her ex p a n a ti
’
h on He w as fi l .

n ow co n vi h
n ced t a t R od o fo w a s n o t a foo , b u t a w i l se m a n , a n d h e l
in vi ted R odo fo to i ve wi l
t t em l
R od o fo s ta i h h
d a n d e ped wi t a ll
. l hl h
the wo r k a b o u t the o u se a n d i n the h
e d At a s t, w en the old m a n fil . l h
r ea i l h
zed t a t R odo fo oved Es te a , h e g a ve h i l l s co n sen t to t ei l
r m a rr i a ge; h
a n d th e n ex t da y t e hy
b eca m e u s b a n d a n d w i fe h .

After hi s m a rr i a g e, R od o fo r etu r n ed to Va en ci l a , ea vi n g Es te a a t h er om e l l l h
in B a b io n i l
a , a n d r ep or ted to th e k i n g t a t h e h a d fou n d a n d ta k en as h
hi s wi fe a vi r tu ou s wo m a n Th e res t of th e s tor tu r n s o n the c a s tit
. y h y
w a ger
"
m oti f a n d en d s w it th
, e es t a b i s m e n t o f t h e h
p u rit of R od o fo s l h y l ’

wi fe ( F or t is m oti
.
f, c o n s titu hti n g a w o e s t o r , see
“
T h e Go d en Lock
”
h l y l ,

No .

An ex a m i n a ti o n o f th e five repr esen ta ti ve s o f th i s cycle o f th e

C lever La ss i l ip pin es revea ls a t lea s t n in e dis tin ct problem s

n the P h i

( ta s k s o r r i
d d l es ) to b e so l ved F or m o s t o f th e s e p a r a ll els m a y b e . ,

fou n d in o ther O r ien ta l a n d in O cciden ta l s tor ies .

( 1) P ro b l em : ca tc hi g n w a ves of th e sea . So l u ti
on : d em a n d i
ng ro pe of

sa n d for th e w or k T i s i den ti ca l p r o em a n d so u ti
. h
o n a re fo u n d bl l
in a No r t h “
B o r n eo s to r , Gi n a s a n d th e R a j a
”
y
( E va n s , 468 h
- -
h
I n the Ma a u m m a g g a j ata k a , No 546 a seri
”
es of n i n eteen ta s k s .
,

is se t th e y
ou n g s a g e Ma hosa d h a O n e o f t ese i s to m a k e a r o pe . h
o f sa n d The w i se
. ou t cl ever y h
sen t so m e s p ok es m en to a s k th e ly
ki l
n g fo r a sa m p e of th e old r op e, so t a t th e n ew w ou d n o t v a r h l y
fr om the old See a so C i l
l d , 1 1 0 1 1 , fo r a So u t Si
.
— b eri h
a n s to r h y
co ta
n in i
n g th e c u te dem a n d fo r t rea d o f sa n d to m a k e s oes fro m
o n r - h h
s to n e.

( )
2 P ro b l em : m a ki
ng m an food fro m o n e s m a b i y ki
n ds
r d , or tw e ve of ll l
p o r tion s r o m m o s q u i
to So u t i
o n : r eq u i
r in g k in g to m a k e. s to ve , paln ,

l
a n d b o o ( o r tw e ve for k s ) fr o m n eed e ( p i l
n) n a o g o u s to t i s ta s k l . A l h
is B o te a n d P oli l
vk a s m oti
’
f B (2
1
the c a en g e to wea ve a clo th h ll
o u t o f two t r ea d s h
B o te a n d P o ivk a en u m er a te t i
. l
r t -five E u r o l h y
f i li i B ‘ h
p ea n o k -t a l es co n ta n n g t e r m otif .

( 3) l
P rob em : p u ttin g a r g e s q u as w o e i to n l n a r row n eck ed j a r
- h h l
So u . l
tion : h
er o gr ows s q u a s n the j a r ( a n d so m eti
i h
m es dem a n d s t a t h
 Fi
lipino P opu la r Ta les . 63

ki n g rem ove th e sq u a s h wi t ou t b r ea k i n g ei t er i h
t or th e j a r) I h .

k n o w of n o o t e o r f k - h l
ta e occu rren ces o f t i l
s ta s k ; i ti s n o t fou n d i n h
a n y of the E u ropea n s to ri es of t i s c c e, a n d m a y b e a n a dd i h tion yl
o f th e Ta g a log n a rr a tors It i s a co m m on en ou g . trick , ow ever , to h h
g r o w a s q u a s h or c u cu m b e r i n a s m a l -
n ec k ed b o tt le l .

P r o b lem : g ettin g m i lk fro m b u ll So u ti on : er o tel s k i n g t a t hi

. l s h l h
fa ther ha s g i ven b i rt to a c id h
C om pa re
“
J ata k a ,
”
hl
N o .
546 .

( t r b y
. C o w e ll a n d R o u se , 6 1 6 7 in w ic th e ki n g se n d s his h h
fa tte ed b u
n to Ea s tll M a r k et tow n wi
-
t t is m essa g e :
“
H ere i s h h
th e k i
’
n g s ro a bu , i yln ca l f ll
Deliver h im , a n d sen d him b a ck
.

wi t h
th e ca f, or e se t ere il l h
s a fin e o f a t ou sa n d p i eces
”
The h .

l
so u ti o n of thi s di flicu l ty i s th e sa m e a s a b ove See a so C id, . l hl
l
I 1 0 1 1 , for a m os t iden tica situ a tion T is p rob em a n d No 1
— l . h l .

a re to b e fou n d i n a Ti b eta n ta e ( R a l s to n 2 , 1 38 , 1 40 l
l
P r o b em : se i ll l
n g a m b fo r a s peci ed su m of m o n e , a n d r etu r n i fi n g b ot y h
a ni m a l a n d coi n So u ti on : . er oi l
n e se s o n th e w ooh ll ly l .

Tw o o f these pr oblem s (3) , a nd a r e so u l bl e , a nd belon g in ki th

n d wi
“ ”
th e ha lb-geritten m oti
f , w er e th e h hero in e is order ed to com e to th e
ki
ng h
n o t clot ed a n d n o t n a k ed , n o t wa ki l
n g a n d n ot ri
din g , n ot i
n

th e roa d an d n o t ou t o f th e r oa d , etc. Th e other thr ee pr ob em s a re l

l
n o t so ved a t a ll , s trict ly s pea k i
ng : th e hero in e g ets ou t o f h er di
ffi
cu l ti
ce by d em a n d i n g o f h er ta s k m a s ter th e co m p l eti o n of cou n ter
-

ta s k s eq u a l ly ha r d , or by s how i n g hi m the a bs u r di ty o f h i s d em a n d s .

( S e e B o l te - P o l i
v k a , 2 : 3 6 2 —
37 0 , fo r a f u ll d isc u ss io n o f t h es e s u b
g r o u p s )
.
“
I n a ll s tor ie s o f th e ki n d , w r ite s C h l
i d t h e p er s o n ,

u p on w hom a ta s k i s i m posed s ta n ds a cq u i tted i f a n o ther o f n o less

di fi cu lty i s d evi sed w hi ch m us t b e p er fo r m ed firs t Thi s pr el i mi na r y .

m a y b e so m eth i n g tha t i s ess en ti a l for th e ex ecu ti o n o f th e o ther a s i n ,

the Ger m a n b a lla ds , or eq u a lly w ell so m eth i n g tha t h a s n o ki n d of

rela ti o n to th e or i g i
n a l r eq u i
s iti o n , a s in th e E n g l i
s h b a ll a d s
”
I t .

will b e seen th a t i n th e n a tu r e o f th e cou n ter d em a n ds the Fi

- lip i n o

s tor i s a g ree ra th er w i
e th the Ger m a n tha n th e E n g l i sh .

( 6) Her o i dden
s fo r b i to w a l k o n the k in g s g r ou n d
’
. To ci
r cu m ven t the

ki ng, er o h fill s a s ed g e w il hi
t ea r t ta k en fro m h
s ow n or c a r d a n d h h ,

ha s i h
m se f d ra w n i l
n to th e p r esen ce of h i s Ma j es t en c a e n g ed , y Wh. h ll
th e h
ero p r o tes ts t a t h e i s n o t o n th e k i h
n g s g r ou n d , b u t h is ow n
’
.

h
T is sa m e ep i sod e i s fou n d i n
“
J u a n the Foo No 49 ( q l , . .

7) Th e s tea in g o f lt h e s eepi ng k i n g b y the b a n i ls ed w i fe, w ho h a s p er h

mi ssi o n to ta k e w i t h
her fro m the p a a ce w a t s he oves b es t i s l h l ,

fou n d o n in ly
T i s ep i A
sod e , o w ever i
. s ver h co m m o n e sew ere h , y l h ,

a n d fo r m s th e co n c u si o n o f m o re t a n seven t l O cciden ta s to ri es o f h y l
t i h
s cyc e ( S eel B o
. te-
Po i vk a , 2 : 34 9 l l
( 8) Th e divisio n of th e hen , fo u n d in B a n d a so a t the en d o f J u a n the l
Foo
”
( No l is fu . di lly
s cu ss ed b y B o te a n d P o li vk a ( 2 See l
. h
a lso R Ko l er s n o tes to Go n ze n b a ch , 2
’
2 05 2 06 Th e co m b in a ti on
-
.

of t i s m oti h
f with the c a s tit w a g er m oti
-
”
h
f fou n d in R odo fo ( B ) , y l
is a lso m et wi t i n a Men to n a i h s s tor , La fem m e a vi sée
”
( R o m a n ia , y
1 1 :415
 64 Mem oirs of the Am er i
ca n Fol k Lore Soci
ety -
.

( 9) F or w ea r i
ng of s hoe s on l y w he n la crossi
n g ri
vers , a n d r a i
sing um b r el
ly w h leepi g d
on en s t ee n g i un J a t
er h e F
a l r A , see a a n
“
u n oo .
”

th ra cl ose pa
er llel t th i i ci d t
ra w ll o to th s ee m i g l y
n en , as e as e s n

f l ih q ti R d lf a sk E t l f th d th d g h ter
’ ’
oo s u es on s o o o s s e a s a er , an e au s

w i i te p ta ti
se n f th m m y b e fo d i the K h m i tor y
r re on o e , a un n as r s ,

Why th Fih l g h d ( K ow l 484 490 J a cob 1 No x x rv)

“
e s au e
”
n es , -
, . .

tory i R a l t A l d “
S e l e Tib ta
a so a e 2 111; B
n s f y i n s on : en e n us a n ,

dy M a l of B dd h im
“
c H
”
1 8 59 p 4 87 ; Sp, . en e ar p p , 2 2 0 2 2 7 anu u s , .
-
,

3 46 C m.
p a p oec i lly B o m
re esp N 1 x x x 1x a T h B ideg m as , o. .
,
“
e r r oo

wh p o k i
o s R idd l e n es .
”

Fi n a lly m en ti o n m a y b e m a d e o f tw o Ara bi an s tor i es over loo ked b y

Bo l te a n d P ol i vk a i n o n e O f w hi ,ch a wo m a n sen ds s u p per to a s tr a n g er ,

a n d a lo n g wi th th e food a n en i g m a ti c a l m e ss a g e d e s c r ib in g w h a t s h e h a s

sen t . The Neg res s por ter ea ts a p a r t of th e food b u t del i ver s the m es ,

sa g e The s tr an g er s hr ew d ly g u esse
. s i ts m ea n i n g a n d sen ds b a ck a rep l y ,

tha t co n vi cts th e Negr ess o f th eft o f a p a r t o f th e g i ft The other .

s tor y o pen s w i th th e bride w a ger r idd le a n d la ter en u m era tes -

,

m any i n s ta n ces o f th e i n g en u i ty o f th e clever yo u n g w i fe See P hil .

lott a n d Azoo Som e Ara b FO lk Ta les fr om Ha zr a m a u t Nos 1

“
,
-
,
”
.

a n d XVI I ( i n J R ASB 2 [ 1 906] : 399

B en fey (A u s la n d 1 859 pa ssim ) tr a ces the s tor y o f th e
, , C lever
La ss ba ck to I n di l
”
a The or i g in a s. itu a ti o n c o n s is te d o f th e t es tin g
o f th e s a g a ci ty o f a m i ni s ter w ho h a d fa llen i n to d i sg r a ce Th i s .

mi ni s ter a i ds h i s r oya l m as ter i n a ri dd le con tes t w i th a n ei g h b or in g

-

hos tile k in g La ter in the develo p m en t o f the cycle thes e sa g a city

.

tes ts w er e tra n s ferred to a w i fe w ho hel ps her hu sba n d or to a m a iden ,

w h o hel ps h er fa ther ou t o f s i mi la r d ifficu lties ( Com pare th e l as t

, .

p a r t o f m y n o te t o N o I in t h is c o lle c tion .
) B o l te an d P o liv k a h o w .
,

ever (2 : 37 3) seem to th i nk i t pro b a bl e tha t th e l as t pa r t o f th e s tor y

th e m a rria ge o f the hero i n e h er ex p u ls i o n a n d h er theft of th e s l eep
, ,

i
ng ki
ng —
w as n a ti
ve to Eu ro pe .

l ip in o fol k
Th e F i ta es b e
-
l lon g in g to th i s c c e a p pea r to go b a ck yl
di r ectly to I n d ia a s a so u r ce . d en t 4 (see a b ove) seem s to m e co n
I n ci
clus i ve evi d en ce , as th i
s i s a p u r ely O r ien ta l co n cep ti o n b ei n g recor d ed ,

o n ly in I n dia , Ti bet, a n d Sou th Siber ia The cha p book ver s ion (A)
-
.

dou btles s owes m uch to pop ula r tr a di tion i n the I s l a n d s , a l tho ug h the

a no n ym o u s a u thor , i Pr efa ce to the R ea der , sa ys th a t h e h as

”
n hi s

der i s s tor y
ved h i fr om a book (u n n a m ed ) , ha ngo sa n ovela . I ha ve
n ot been a ble to tr a ce his or i
g i
n a l ; th ere i
s no sh
Spa n i for m of th e
ta le , so fa r as I k n ow .

Com p ar e w i s w ho l e
th th i y l No
c ce .
38 , A Negr ito Sla ve , and th e
n o tes .

( ) TH E STO R Y O F Z A R AGO Z A 1
8 . a .

Yea rs an d yea rs a go th ere l ived in a vi a g e a

ll poor couple ,

Lu i
s an d Ma ria . Lui
s w as l a zy a n d selfis h , l e Ma r i
w hi a w as

N .
1 Na rra te d by T d eo a to P . Ma ca b u los . a Ta gal og fro m Ma i la n .
 Fi
lipino P opu la r Ta les . 65

ha rd w o r k i
- n g a n d du ti ful Th r ee C h ildr en h a d been born to
.

thi r , b u t n on e h a d l i
s pa i ved l on g en oug h to b e b a p tized Th e .

wi fe w as once m or e a bou t to b e bl essed w i th a ch i ld , a n d L u is

m a de u p hi s mi nd w h a t h e s hould do to sa ve its l ife Soon th e .

d a y ca m e w h en Mar i a bor e h er second son Lu i

s fea r i ng th a t .
,

th is ch ild , l ike th e oth ers , w ould die unch ristened , d ecided to

h a ve it ba p ti zed th e ver y n ex t m or n i ng Ma r ia w as ver y g l a d .

to k n ow of h er hu s ba nd s d eter m i n a tion for sh e bel ieved th a t

’
,

th e es r ly dea th s of th ei r oth er ch ildr en w er e proba bly du e to

d el a y in ba pti zi ng th em .

Th e nex t m or n i ng Lu is , w ith th e infa n t in h is a r m s , h as ten ed

to th e C hu r ch ; b u t i n hi s h a s te h e fo rg ot to a s k h i s wi fe w h o
s h ou ld sta nd as g od fa th er As h e w as consi . d ering th is over
“
si g h t, a s tr a n g e m an p a s sed by , w h o m h e a s k ed , W i
ll y o u b e
”
so k i n d as to a ct as m y ch i ld s g od fa th er ?
’

“
With a ll m y hea r t, w as th e str a ng er s reply’
.

Th ey th en en ter ed th e C hu rch , a n d th e ch i
ld w as na m ed
Lu i s ,a f ter hi s fa ther Wh en th e ser vices w er e over Lu is
.
,

en tr ea ted Za r a g oza s uch w as th e n a m e of th e g od fa th er

to d i ne a t his hou se As Za r a g oza h a d just a rrived in th a t

.

vi lla ge for the firs t tim e h e w as b u t too r ea dy to a ccept the

,

in vi ta tion . Now Zara g oza w a s a kind h ea rted m a n a n d soo n

,
-
,

w on th e confiden ce of h i s h ost a n d h os tess w ho i nvited him to ,

re m a in wi th th em for sever a l d a ys Lu i s a n d Z a r a g oz a b e
.

ca m e close fr i end s a n d often co n s ul ted ea ch o th er on m a tters

,

of i m por ta n ce .

O n e eveni ng a s th e two fr i
, end s w er e co nvers i ng th eir ta lk ,

tu r n ed upon th e a fl a i rs of th e ki ng dom Lui s to ld h i s fri en d .

h ow th e ki n g o ppr essed the peo pl e by l evyi ng h ea vy ta x es on

a ll sor ts o f p ro per ty a n d for th a t r ea so n w as ver y r i
, ch Za r a .

g o za ,m ov e d by th e n ew s d e cid ed to a v en g e,th e w r o n g s o f
th e p eo ple . Lui s h esi ta ted for h e could th i nk of n o s u re m ea n s
,

o f pu n i shi n g the tyr a nnica l m on ar ch Th en Za r ag oza s ug g es ted

.

tha t th ey s h ould tr y to s tea l th e ki

’
ng s treas u re w h ich w a s ,

hi dden in a cell a r of the pa l a ce Lu is w as m uch plea sed w ith .

the pr o j ect for h e th ou g h t th a t i t w as Za r a g oza s pl a n for th em

’
,

to en r i ch th em selves a n d l i ve in com for t a n d lu x u r y .

Accor d i n g ly on e even i
, n g th e tw o f r iend s w i th a p i ck a x e a ,
-
,

hoe a n d a s hovel d i
, r ected th ei
, r w a y tow a r d s th e p a l a ce Th ey .

a pp r oa ch ed the cell ar by a s m al l d oor a n d th en beg a n to d i , g

in the g ro un d a t the foot of th e cell a r w a ll After a few h ou rs .
66 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k L ore Soci
-
ety .

of s tea dy w or k th ey s ucceeded in m a kin g a n ex ca va tion lea d ing

,

i n to th e in terior Za r a g oza en tered a n d g a th er ed up a s m a ny

.
,

ba g s of m oney a s h e a n d Lu i s could ca r r y Dur ing th e n ig h t .

th ey m a d e sever a l trips to the cell a r ea ch ti m e ta ki ng ba ck to ,

thei r h o u se as m uch m on ey a s th ey co uld m a n a g e Fo r a .

l ong tim e th e secret w a y w a s n ot discover ed a n d th e two ,

fr iend s l os t n o o pportun ity of in crea sing th eir a l rea dy g rea t

hoa r d . Za r a g oza g a ve a w a y freely m uch of h is s h a r e to th e
poor ; b u t his fr i en d w a s selfi s h a n d kept con s ta n tly a d m o n i ,sh

i n g hi m n ot to b e too l i ber a l .

In tim e th e king O bser ved th a t th e b u lk of h is treas ure w a s

co n s ider a bly red u ced a n d h e or dered h is sold iers to find ou t
,

w h a t h a d ca u sed th e d i sa ppea r a nce o f so m uch m o n ey Upo n .

cl ose ex a m i n a tion th e sold ier s d iscover ed the secr et pass a g e ;

,

a n d th e ki ng , en r a g ed s u m m on ed h i s co un sell o rs to d i
, scu ss

w h a t s hould b e d on e to pun i s h th e th ief .

In th e m ea n tim e th e two friend s w er e ea r n es tly d iscu ss ing

w h ether th ey s ho uld g et m or e ba g s of m on ey or s h o uld re ,

fra in fr om m a king fu r th er th efts Za r a g oza sug g es ted th a t th ey .

wo uld better firs t g et in tou ch w ith th e secret d el iber a tion s of

th e cour t before m a ki ng a no th er a ttem p t L u is how ever a s .
, ,

i f ca lled by fa te i nsisted th a t th ey sh ould m a ke on e m ore visit

,

to th e ki n g s cell a r a n d th en i nqu ir e a bou t th e un res t a t cour t

’
.
,

P ers u a ded a g a i n s t h is better judg m en t Za r a g oza follow ed h is ,

fr iend to th e pa l a ce a n d sa w th a t th eir secr et p assa g e w as in

,

th e sa m e cond i tio n a s th ey h a d l a tely l ef t i t Lui s l ow er ed .

h im self in to th e h ol e ; b u t 10 ! th e w h iz o f a n a rrow w a s h ea r d ,

a n d th en a fa i n t cr y from L u is .

Wh a t is th e m a tter ? Are you hu r t? a s ked Z a r a g oza .

”
I a m dyin g ! Ta ke ca r e o f m y son ! Th ese w er e L u i
’
s s

l a s t wor ds .

Za r a g oz a kn ew n ot w h a t to do He tried to pull up th e d ea d .

body of h is friend ; b u t in va in for it w a s fi rm ly ca ug h t betw ee n ,

tw o h ea vy bl ocks o f w ood a n d w a s p i er ced by m a ny a r r ow s

, .

B u t Z a r a g oz a w as s h rew d ; a n d fea r i ng th e con sequ ences o f th e,

’
d iscovery o f L u is s cor p se h e cu t off th e dea d m a n s h ea d a n d
’
,

h u rr ied hom e w ith it lea ving th e body beh ind He broke th e

,
.

fa ta l n ew s to Ma r ia w h ose grief w a s boundless Sh e a sked

,
.

l a ted h er hu sba nd s body a n d he sa tis

’
hi m w h y h e h a d m u ti ,

fied h er by tell i ng h er th a t th ey w ould b e betr a yed if L u is w er e

r ecog n i zed. Ta ki ng young L u is in h er a rm s Ma r ia s a id , ,
 li
Fi pin o P opu la r Ta l es . 67

F or the ke of yo u r g od son see th a t h is fa th er s body is ’

sa ,
”
p ro p er ly bu r ie d .

Upon m y w o rd of honor I prom ise to do as you w is h w a s, ,

Z a r a g oza s r eply
’
.

Mea ntim e th e king w a s d iscuss ing th e th eft w ith h is a dviser s .

Fi n a l ly w i , sh i n g to iden tify th e cr im in a l th e king d ecreed th a t ,

th e b ody s h o uld b e ca r r i ed th r o u g h th e pr i ncipa l s treets of th e

ci ty a n d n ei g hb o r i
n g v ill a g es f o ll o w e d by
, a tra in o f so ld iers ,

w h o w ere i n s tr u cted to a rr est a n y perso n w h o s ho uld s h ow

s ym pa thy for th e d ea d m a n Ea r ly on e m orn ing th e m ilita r y
.

p r o c es sio n s ta r te d o u t a n d p as se ,d t h r o u g h th e m a in s tr e e ts o f
th e ci Wh en th e pr ocess ion a r r ived befor e Z a r a g oza s ’
ty .

ho u se it h a ppened th a t Ma r ia w a s a t th e w ind ow a n d seeing

, , ,
“ ”
th e body of h er hu s ba nd sh e cr i ed , O m y hu sb a nd ! ,

Seei n g th e sold i ers en ter i ng th eir h ou se Z a r a g oza a s ked , ,

”
Wh a t is your pleas u r e ?
“
We w a n t to a rrest th a t w om a n w a s th e a n sw er o f the ,

ch i ef o f th e g u a r d .

“
Why ? Sh e h a s n ot com m itted a n y cr im e .

Sh e i s th e w i dow of th a t d ea d m a n Her w o r ds betr a yed .

”
h er fo r sh e ex cl a i
,
m ed th a t th e d ea d m a n w a s h er hu s ba nd .

“Wh o is h er hu sba nd ? Th a t r em a r k w as m ea n t for m e ,

”
b eca u se I h a d un i n ten tion a lly hu r t ou r you n g son s a id Z a ra ,

g o za s m il in g .

Th e sold i ers bel i eved h i s w or d s a n d w en t on th ei , r way .

Rea ch ing a publ ic pl a ce w h en it w as a l m ost n ig h t th ey decided ,

to s ta y th er e un ti l th e n ex t m or n ing Za r a g oza sa w h is op .

p o r tu n ity H e d is
.
g u ise d h im s e lf a s a p r ies t a n d w e n t to t h e

p l a c e , ta k i n g w ith h im a b o tt l e o f W in e m ix e d w ith a s tr o n g
n a r co tic Wh en h e a rr ived h e s a id th a t h e w a s a pr ies t a n d
.
, , ,

bein g a fr a id of robbers w is h ed to pa s s th e n i , g h t w it h so m e

so ld i er s Th e sold i
. ers w er e g l a d to h a v e w i th th em a s th ey ,

tho ug h t a p i ous m a n
,
w h ose s tor i , es w o uld i n sp ir e th em to do
g oo d . A f te r t h ey h a d t a lk e d a w h il e Z a r a g o z a o f fe r e d, h is

bot tl e o f w ine to th e So ld ier s w h o fr eely d r a nk fr om it As , .

w a s ex pected th ey soo n a ll fell a s l eep a n d Z a r a g oza s u cceed ed

, ,

in s tea l i n g th e cor p se o f L u i s He too k i . t h o m e a n d bu r i ed i t

in th a t s a m e pl a ce w h er e h e h a d bu r i ed th e h ea d .

Th e fo ll ow i ng m or n ing th e sold i er s w oke up a n d w er e s u r ,

prised to see th a t th e pr ies t a n d th e co r p se w ere g on e The .

king soo n kn ew how h is schem e h a d fa il ed Th en he th ou g h t .

 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k Lore Soci
ety -
.

of a noth er pl a n He ord er ed th a t a sh eep covered w ith preci

. ous

m eta l s hould b e l et l oose i n th e s tr eets a n d th a t i t sh ould b e

,

fol low ed by a s p y w h ose du ty it w as to w a tch fr om a d ista n ce

, ,

an d i , n ca s e a n y on e a ttem pted to ca tch th e s h eep to a scer ta i n ,

th e h ou se o f th a t perso n a n d th en repo r t to th e p a l a ce
, .

H a ving r eceived h is o rd ers th e s py let l oose the s h eep a n d , ,

follow ed i t a t a di s ta n ce Nobody el se d a r ed even to m a ke a

.

r em a r k a bou t th e a n i m a l ; b u t w h en Z a r a g oza sa w i t h e d r ove ,

it i n to h is ya r d Th e s py foll ow ing in str u ctions m a r ked the

.
, ,

d oor o f Za r a g oza s hou se w ith a cr oss a n d h a s ten ed to the pa l a ce

’
, .

Th e s p y a s s ur ed th e so ld i ers th a t th ey w o uld b e a bl e to ca p ture

th e crim i n a l ; b u t w hen they beg a n to l ook for th e h ou se they ,

fo u n d th a t a ll th e ho u ses w er e s i mi l a r ly m a rked w ith cr osses .

F or th e th i r d tim e th e ki ng h a d fa il ed ; a n d g iving up a ll h opes ,

o f ca tch i ng th e th ief h e iss u ed a pr ocl a m a tion p a r d oning the

,

m a n w h o h a d com m i tted th e th eft p r ovi d ed h e w o uld presen t

,

h im self to th e king W ith in th r ee d a ys H ea ring th e r oya l .

p rocl a m a tion Za r a g oza w en t befo re th e king a n d confessed

, ,

th a t h e w a s th e per petr a tor o f al l th e th efts th a t h a d ca u sed so

m u ch tro u bl e i n th e co u r t Tr u e to h i s w o r d th e ki
. ng did n ot ,

pun is h him . Instea d th e king pr o m ised to g ive Z a r a g oza a

,

ti tl e o f n o bi l ity if h e could trick Don Ju a n th e r ich es t m er ,

ch a n t i n th e ci ty o u t o f h i
, s m os t va lu a bl e g ood s .

Wh en h e kn ew o f th e d es ire o f th e king Za ra g oza l ooked for a ,

fool w h om h e could u se a s h is in str u m ent He soon fou n d on e

, .
,
“ “ ”
w h om h e m a n a g ed to tea ch to sa y Si (Spa n i s h fo r y e s )
w h enever as ked a questi on Dr essing th e foo l in th e g u ise of
.

a bi sh o p ,Za r a g oza took a ca rria g e a n d d rove to th e s to re o f

D Ju a n Th er e h e beg a n to a sk th e foo l su ch qu es tion s as
. .

th ese : Does you r g r a ce w is h to h a ve th is ? Does n ot yo u r

h i
nk h h i i h p ? ll f h i h h f l n ’

g r a c e t t a t t s s c e a to a o w c t e oo s a s w er
“ ”
w as Si . At l a s t w h en th e ca r r i
, a g e w a s w ell l oa d ed Za r a g oza ,
“
sa i d I w ill first ta ke th ese th ing s h om e a n d th en r etu r n w ith
, ,
" “
th e m on ey for th em ; to w h i ch th e foo l r epl i ed Si Wh en , .

Z a r a g oza r ea ch ed th e pa l a ce w ith th e rich g ood s h e w as pra ised ,

by th e king for h is sa g a city .

After a w h i le D Ju a n th e m erch a n t found ou t th a t w h a t h e

.

th o u g h t w as a b i s h o p w a s r ea lly a fool So h e w en t to th e ki. ng

a n d a s ked th a t h e b e g i ven j u s ti ce Moved by pity th e kin g

.
,

r es tor ed a l l th e g ood s th a t h a d bee n s tol en a n d D Ju a n w o n , .

d ered h ow his Ma j es ty h a d com e in to possession of h is los t

 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n Fol k Lore Soci
ety -
.

Ju a n ? sa id P ed r o a fter a few m inu tes Why d on t you g o .

’

”
a h ea d a n d s tea l so m eth i ng ?
“ ”
Ha h a h a ! sa i
, , d Ju a n Wh ose bel t is th is ? .

P ed ro g en erou s ly a d m i tted th a t h e h a d been defea ted .

Al th ou g h th ese tw o th i eves w ere un i ted by s tr on g ti es o f

com m on in terest n ever th el ess th ei

, r d iverse C h a r a cteris tics
a n d tr a i ts pr odu ced tr o ubl e a t ti m es P ed ro w a s dull h on or .
,

a bl e a n d fr a nk ; Ju a n w a s h a w k eyed a n d d oubl e fa ced

,
-
P ed r o -
.

h a d so l a rg e a b ody a n d so a w kw a r d a n d s h a m bl i ng a g a it th a t ,

Ju a n could n ot h elp l a ug h ing a t h im a n d sa ying sa r ca stic th ing s

to h i m Ju a n w as g ood l ookin g a n d g r a ceful
.
-
.

Wh il e they w er e tr a vell ing a bou t in n or th er n Afr ica th ey ,

hea r d th e h er a lds o f th e King of Tun is m a ke th e follow ing

“
pr ocla m a tion : A b ig b a g of m on ey w ill b e g iven to th e ca p tor
”
o f th e gr ea tes t r o bber i n th e coun tr y Th e tw o fr i end s p a r
.
,

ti cu la r ly Ju a n w er e s tr u ck by th i
, s a nn oun cem en t .

Th a t n ig h t Ju a n s ec r e t ly s to l e o u t o f h is roo m T a k in g w i th .

hi m a l on g r o pe h e cl i m bed up to th e r oo f o f th e p a l a ce
, After .

m ak i ng a h ol e as l a r g e a s a peso in th e r oof h e l ow ered h im self

1
,

i n to th e bu ild ing by m ea n s of th e r o pe He found th e r oom .

filled w ith ba g s o f g old a n d s il ver pea r l s ca r buncl es d ia m ond s , , , ,

a n d o th er pr eci ou s s ton es He took the s m a ll es t b a g h e co uld

.

fin d a n d a f ter cl i
, ,
m bi ng ou t of th e h ole w en t hom e qu ickly , .

When P edr o h ea r d Ju a n s th rill ing r eport of th e un told r ich es

’

h e d eci ded to visit th e pa l a ce th e fo ll ow ing n i g h t E a r ly in .

th e m or n i ng Ju a n w en t a g a in to th e pa l a ce ta king w ith h im a ,

l a r g e tu b After low er ing it in to th e r oom h e depa r ted w ith

. ,

o u t d el a y At n i
.
g h tf a ll h e r e tu r n e d to th e p a l a ce a n d fi ll ed
th e tu b w i th boi l ing w a ter He h a d n o soon er d one th is th a n
.

P ed r o a rrived P ed r o w as so ea g er to g et th e w ea l th th a t h e
.
,

m a de n o u se o f th e r o pe b u t ju m ped i m m ed i
, a tely i n to th e
r oom w h en h e r ea ch ed th e s m a ll O pen i ng h is tr ea cherous friend
h a d m a de i n th e roo f Al as ! i n s tea d of fa ll ing on ba g s of m on ey
.
,

P ed r o fell i n to th e fa ta l tu b of w a ter a n d peris h ed , .

An h ou r l a ter Ju a n w en t to l ook fo r h i s fr iend w h o m h e fo und ,

d ea d Th e n ex t d a y h e notified th e king of th e ca ptu re a n d

.

d ea th of the g r ea tes t of Africa n r obber s You h a ve d on e w ell . ,

“
sa i d the king to Ju a n Th i s m a n w as th e ch i
. ef o f a ll th e
”
Afr i ca n h ig h w a y m e n T a k e y o u r. b a g o f m o n ey .

1 W h y peso . I ca n n ot sa y. A hole th e s ize of a peso woul d a ccom m oda te a r op e, but

d
h a r ly a m a n or a la r g e tu b . Th e stor y is clea r ly im per fect i
n m a n y res p ects .
 li
Fi p i
n o P op l
u a r Ta l es . 71

After pu tting h i s g old i n a sa fe pl a ce Ju a n w en t o u t i n sea r ch ,

o f fu r th er a d ven tu r es O n on e of h i s w a lks h e h ea r d th a t a
.
,

cer ta i n w ea l thy a n d d evou t a bbot h a d been pr a ying for tw o

d a ys a n d n i g h ts th a t th e a n g el o f t h e l or d m ig h t c o m e a n d t a k e

hi m to h ea ven Jua n provid ed h im self w ith tw o s tr ong w ing s

. .

O n th e thi rd ni g h t h e m a d e a h o l e a s l ar g e a s a p es o t h r o u g h
th e d om e of th e ch u r ch .

C a l li
ng th e a bbo t Ju a n sa id , I h a ve been sen t by th e Lor d
,

to ta ke you to h ea ven C om e w i th m e a n d br i
. ng a ll you r ,
”
w ea l th .

Th e a bbot p u t a ll h i s m on ey i n to th e b a g Now g et i n to .

” “ ”
th e b a g sa i
, d Ju a n , a n d w e will g o .

Th e old m a n p rom ptly o beyed Wh ere a re w e n ow ? .

“ ”
sa i d h e a fter a n h our s fl i ’
, g h t .

“
W e a r e w ithin on e thou sa nd m il es of th e a bod e of th e
”
b l es sed
’
,w a s Ju a n s r eply .

Tw en ty m i nu tes l a ter a n d th ey w ere in Ju a n s ca ve Co m e

’
.
,
"
ou t o f th e b a g a n d behold m y r ud e a bod e !
, sa id Ju a n to th e
O ld m a n Th e a bbot w as a s tound ed a t th e si
.
g h t Wh e n h e .

hea rd J u a n s s tory , h e a d vised h im to a ba ndon h is evil w a ys

’
.

J u a n l is ten ed to th e cou nsel s of h is n ew friend He beca m e a .

g o o d m an a n d, h e a n d th e a bb o t l i v e d to g e th e r un til th e ir

N O TE S .

Th e s tor y of Za ra goza ”
i
s of p a r ticu a r l i
n ter es t b eca u se i
t d efi
s to r y w i
“
nitely co m bi n es a n o ld form o f th e R h a m ps ini tu s th the
M cycl e
“ ” ”
as ter Thi ef I n hi s n o tes to No 1 1 ,
. Th e Tw o Th i eves , .

s coll ecti G y p s y Fol k Ta les

“ ”
of h i o n of F H G r oo m e ob serves , , . .

‘
T ) T T h u u f h
’

( h e w o i
eve s is s o c r i
o s a c o m b i
n a tio n o th e R a m p
‘
tu s s tor y i n H ero dotu s a n d of G r i m m s Ma s ter Th i ef , tha t I a m
’ ’
si
ni
’

h
m ore t a n i
nc i l
n ed to reg a r d i
t as th e os t or i
g in a , w ic , a cco r d i
n g to l l h h
‘
ll
Ca m p b e of I s a y, i l
t w er e va in to oo k for i n a n y m od er n w o r k or i n l
any m odern a g e los t or ig in a l Mr G room e dou b tles s m ea n t
.
’
By
“ ”
.

the com m o n a n ce s tor of these tw o ver y w i d es p r ea d a n d for th e m ost

pa r t q u i
t e di s tin c t cy cl es R h a m p s in itfu s
, a n d t h e M a s te r T h ie f ” “
.
”

Bo th o f these g rou ps of s tor i es a b ou t cl ever th i eves h a ve b een m a d e

the su b j ects o f i n ves ti g a tio n T h e f u ll es t b i

b l.i
o g p
r a h i ca l s t u d y o f t h e
“
R ha m p s i nitu s sa g a i
”
s th a t b y Ki ll is C a m p b ell The Seven Sa ges ,
“

of R om e ( B
”
o s to n pp l,x x x v x c O th e rs. h a v e t r ea —
te d t.h e

cycle m or e or less di vely : R Koh l er Ueb er J F C a m p b ell s

“
scu r s i
’
.
, . .

Sa m m l u n g g ali s ch er Mar chen No XVII (d) ( i n O ri

, en t u n d O cci
. den t ,

2 [ 1 864 ] : 303 Si r G eo r g e C ox
“
Th e Mi g r a tio n o f P
, o u
p arl
 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Fol k Lore Soci
-
ety .

Stor i es ( in F r a s er s M a g
’
a z in e , J u ly , 1 88 0 , pp 9 6 W A . . .

C lou s ton P op ul a r Ta les a n d F i

“ ”
, cti o ns ( L o n d o n, 2 1 1 5 1 65
—
.

See a lso F H G room e , 48 53 ; McC u lloch , 1 6 1 n o te 9 ; a n d Ca m p b ell s

’
. .
—
,

b liogr a p h y Th e Ma s ter Th i cycl e h a s b een ex a m i

“ ”
bi . ef n ed i n

g r ea t d e t a il a s t o th e c o m p o n e n t e l e m e n t s o f th e s to r y b y C o s q u in

( 2 : 2 74
-
2 8 1 , 6
3 4 S e e a l so G r im m
’
s n o t es to t h e
“
M a s te r
”
Th i ef , No 1 92 (2. a n d J G vo n H ah n , 2 . . 1 7 8 1 83 -
.

F Max M i iller b el i eved th a t th e s tor y o f th e Ma s ter Th ief h a d

“
.

its or i g i n in t h e S a n s c r it d ro ll o f
“
T h e B r a h m a n a n d t h e G o a t

( H i to p a d es a , I V 1 0, P a n c h a ta n tr a , 11 1 , w h i
c h w a s b ro u g h t to

E u rope throug h th e Ar a b ic tr a n s la tion of the Hitopa des a F u r ther , .

d n ot b el i Ma s ter Th ief s tor y ha d a n yth in g to

“
h e di eve th a t th e

do w i th H er od otu s s a ccou n t o f th e theft o f R h a m ps i

’
ni
’
tu s s tr ea s u re
( s ee C h ip s f ro m a G e r m a n W or k s h o p [ N e w Y o r k 2 ,

Wil hel m G r im m how ever in h is n otes to No 1 92 o f th e Kin d er

, , .

s y , w ll k n ow n s tor y i
” “
u n d H a u s m a ch r e n a , s T h e e -
n H er od o tus ( u ,

121) is n ea r ly r ela ted to th i s As Si r G . W Cox rem a r k s . .

( p
o . c i t .
, p . it is n o t e a s y t o d is ce r n a n y r ea l a ffi n ity e ith e r b e t w ee n

th e Hi to p a d esa ta l e a n d th e Eu r opea n tra d i tion s o f th e Ma s ter

o r b etw een the l a tter a n d th e s tor y M
” “
Th i ef , R h a m ps i ni tu s . .

Cos q u i n seem s to see a t l eas t o n e po i n t o f co n ta ct b etw een th e tw o

cycl es : sod e o f th e theft o f th e hors e, or a t leas t

“
Th e i dea of th e ep i
o f th e m ea n s w h i ch th e th i ef u ses to s tea l th e hor se a w a y , mi g h t
well ha ve b een b orrow ed from H erodo tu s s s tor y of R h a m p
’

”
si ni tu s ( C o n t e s d e L o rr a i n e , 2

A b r ief a n a lys is of th e char a cter is tic in ciden ts of these tw o th iev

cycles w i ll b e of som e a ss is ta n ce, per ha ps , in determ in in g w hether
”
i ng

or n ot ther e w er e or i g in a lly a n y d e fi n i t e p o in ts o f co n t a c t b e tw ee n th e

The elem en ts o f th e R h a m ps in i tu s s tor y foll ow

”
tw o .

A Tw o so n s o f kin g s a te a r c i
’
tect p l h l an to r ob the ro ya l trea u e o u se
s r -
h .

( A 1
I n so m e v a r i
a n ts o f th e s to r t h e r o b b er s a r e a y to w n h
t i ef a n d a co u n tr y
t i h
ef ) .

A ’
hy
T e g a in a n en tra n ce b y rem ovi n g a secret s to n e, a k n ow ed g e o f w i c l h h
t eih h
r fa t er h a d b eq u ea t ed t em b efore h e d i h ed h .

B The k i n g di h
scovers th e t eft, a n d se ts a s n a r e for th e rob b ers .

C R ob b ers r etu r n ; e des t ca u g t i l n ex tr ica b h

To p reven t di scover , ly . y
y h
the ou n g er b ro t er cu ts 05 th e ea d of th e o der , ta k es i h
t a wa , a n d l y
b u ries i t .

D The k in g a ttem p ts to fin d the co n fed era te b y ex pos i n g the ea d es s h l

cor p se o n th e o u ter w a of th e p a l a ce ll .

1 y
D Th e ou n g er t i h
ef s tea s th e b od l
by m a k i y
n g th e g u a r ds dr u n k He a so . l
h
s a ves the ri g t s id e o f t hhe s ee p in g g u a r d s
’
b ea r d l
s .

E Kin g m a k es secon d a ttem p t to d iscover con fed era te He sen ds his .

h
d a u g ter a s a com m o n co u r tesa n , op i n g t a t h e ca n fin d th e t i hef ; h h
fo r s he i s to req u i r e a ll h er o ver s to te l
the s to r of t ei r ives b efor e ll y h l
en j o i y
n g h er fa vors .
 Fi
lipin o P opu l a r Ta les .
73

E 1
The you n g er th ief visits he his s tor ; w en s he tri r a nd
es to deta in te ll s y h
, him h owev
er , e s a s b y ea vi
h e c pe ng in h er a n d th e a n d of a dea d l h h
m a n he h a d ta k en a lon g w it hi m for j u s t s u c a co n ti n g en c h h y .

F The kin g , b a ffl ed , n ow offers to p a rdon a n d rew a r d the t i ef if he will h

discover im se f hTh e t i ef gi l
ves . im se f u p , a n d i h
s m a rr ied to h l
th e p ri
n cess .

In som e of th e a terl form s of th e s tor y th e k i

ng m a k es va r i
o u s o t er h
a ttem
p ts t o d i
scover th e cu pr i
t b efor e a ck n ow ed g i
n g h i
mlse f d efea te d , l l
and i
s m t wi
e th m or e s ub t e cou n ter -m o
l
ves on th e pa r t o f th e th i ef

( D ) Kin g
’
or der s h
t a t a n y on e ou n d f s how in g sym p a th y for the corpse
as i ‘
t h a n g s u p s ha ll b e a rr es ted ; ( D ) b y th e tr i
ck b rok en w a ter of the

j a r or m il k -
j ,
a r th e w id o w o f th e d e a d ro b b er i
s a b l e to m o u r n h im
D ‘ T l ly l i
u n s u s p ected .
( ) h e w i
d o w in v o u n ta r i w a i s a s th e co r p se s

b ei n g dra gg ed th rou g h th e s tr eet p as t h er ho u se ; b u t th e th i ef q u i ck l y

cu ts hi m sel f w i th a k n ife, a n d th u s ex p l a in s her cr y w hen th e g u a rd s

com e to a rres t h er The y a re s a ti
. s fied w i th th e ex p la n a ti on ( )
E ’
.

Th e k in g sca tter s g old p i eces in th e s tr eet, a n d g i

-
ves or der s to a rre s t

a n y o n e seen p i ck i
‘
n g th em u p ; ( E ) th e th i ef , w ith p i tch or w ax on th e
s oles o f hi s s h oes , w a l k s u p a n d dow n th e r oa d , a n d , u n ob ser ved ,

h n th e m o n ey
i ‘
tur n s l oose i
T ty a g ol d
g a t er s .
( )
E h e k i
n th e ci
n g
a d orn ed a n im a l , a n d or der s th e a r r es t o f a n y per so n s een ca p tu r i ng i t .

Th e thi ef s tea ls i t as in D‘ o r is o b ser ve d a n d h is h o u se -d oor m a r k ed .

,

Th en as in E ‘ ‘ d b f h fl h “
l
( )
E O l i i d
’
. w o m a n e gg gn o r n s es o r ca m e

g r e
s s e
”
fin d s hi
s hou se
b u t th e thi ,ef s us pects h er a n d k i lls her or ,

E
( ) '
s h e g e ts a w a y , a ft e r m a r k i n g th e h o u se -
d oo r so th a t it m a y b e

recog n i zed a g a i n B u t th e th i
. ef sees th e m a r k , a n d pr oceed s to m a r k

simi la r ly a ll th e other door s m the s tr eet (E ) Th e k in g p u ts a pro

7
.

hi bi ti ve pr i ce on m ea t, thi n ki n g th a t on ly th e th i ef w i ll b e a b le to
b u y ; b u t the th i ef st ea ls a j o i nt .

How ever m a n y th e cha n g es a n d a dditi o n s o f th i s sor t ( k in g s m o ve

’

fo llo wed b y th i ef s m ove) ru n g i n , a l m os t a ll o f th e s tor i es d ea l i n g wi th

’

th e ro b ber y of th e k i n g s tr ea s ur y en d w i th th e p a r d on o f th e th i ef a n d
’

hi s ex a l ta ti on to h i g h r a n k in t h e ro y a l h o u se h o l d I n n o n e o f th e .

score o f ver s i o n s of th e R h a m ps i ni tu s s tor y ci ted b y C lou s ton i s th e

thi ef s u b j ected to a n y fu r ther tes ts o f hi s prow ess a fter h e h as b een

p a r d o n e d b y th e k in g W e s h a ll
. r et u r n to t h is p o in t .

Th e Ma s ter Thi cycle h as m u ch less to do w i

“
ef th ou r s tori e
s

tha n h a s th e R h a m ps i ni tu s cycl e : hen ce w e s h a ll m er ely en u m era te

th e i n ci den ts to b e foun d i n i t ( F or b ib l i og r a p h y o f s tor i

. es con ta i ning

th ese s i tu a tion s , see Cos q u i n ) .

A H er o, th e yo u n ges t of h
t r ee b r ot ers , h
b eco m es a t i ef F or var i ou s h .

( the m oti di n Gr i
fl er en t i m m 1 92 , a n d Da sen t x x x v)
'

rea sons ves a r e

he d i
s pl a s hi y
s sk i : ll
B 1 Theft of th e p u rse ( con d u cted a s a dro : the ou n g a p p ren ti ce-t ief, ll y h
-li
noodle k e, b ri n gs b a ck p u r se to r ob b er g a n g a fter t rowi
n g a wa y -
h
the m o n e ) y .
74 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k L ore Soci
ety -
.

B 1 Th eft o f ca ttle b ein g driven to the fa i

r . Th i ck i
s tr i s u su a lly co n d u cted

in o n e o f fo u r w a s : ( a ) tw o s oes i y
n r oa d ; ( b) a n gin g se f ; ( c) h h l
baw i ng i n th e w ood i l
k e a s tr a ed ox ; ( d) ex citi l os i
n g pea sa n t s cu r i t , y ’
y
“
com ed of co m edies ,
” “
y
w on der of w o n ders .

a
h
B T eft of th e or se T i s i s u su a ha cco m p i
. h
s ed b y the d i sg u ised lly l h
t ief m a k i h
n g the g r oo m s d r u n k .

‘
B Stea i
n g of a i l
ve p erso n a n d ca rr i l m i
n g hi n a sa ck to th e o n e w ho g a ve y
the order h
( The t ief d isg u ises im se f a s a n a n gel a n d p ro m ises
. h l ,

to con d u ct h is victim to ea ven ) h .

O ther i
ns ta n ces of th e Mas ter Th ief s ’ ”
l
c ever n ess , n ot fo u n d i
n

B Stea i
'
ng l s heet o fr o m
r co ver et l l
s eepi
ng ( G rim m B a sen t)
p erson , .

‘
B Stea li
ng r oa s t fr o m s p i
tw ile w h hole fa m ily is g u a rdin g it ( Dasen t) .

We m a y n ow ex a m i
ne th e m em b ers of th e R h a m ps i
nitu s g rou p
tha t con ta i
n tu a ti
si on s c ea r l ly b elon g i
n g to th e Mas ter Th ief ”
fo r
mu a l . These a r e as fo llow s
G roo m e, No I I , The Tw o T i . eves , , h B (d) B
1 ‘ .

F Li
. eb rec t i h
n a C p r u s s tor y y
(Ja hr b f rom u n d en g lit , 1 3 : 367 . . . . .

374 Legr a n d , C o n tes g r ecs , p The Ma s ter T i

ef, B ( a , c, d)
'
. h .

W a rdro p , No x rv, The Two T i. eves

”
B ‘ h ,

n a Ta r ta r s to r
‘ y
R a dlofl , i ( W
'

, p B . .

n, in a S ri N y ‘ y
P r ym a n d Soci a c s tor ( 11 o B , . .

It seem s ver y lik ely tha t the Georgia n , Ta r ta r , and Syr i

a c s tor i
es a re

n ea r ly re a tedl to o n e a n o t er . h a n g y psy
Th e R o u m a n i l
ta e, too , i
t
wi b ell n o ted , a dd s to th e
“
ni
R h a m ps i tu s
”
for m u la n ci
th e i d en t of

th e theft of a per s o n i
n a sa ck . Th i
s l a tter s tor y , a ga i
n, i
s co n n ected

th th e G eo r g i
wi a n ta le , in tha t th e o pen i
ng is iden tica l i
n b o th One .

th i
ef m eets h
a n o t er , a n d c a h llen g es m to s tea l th e eg g s (fea th er s )
hi
from bi
a rd w i tho u t d i s tu r b ing i t W hil e h e is doin g so , h e is in tu r n
.

rob b ed u n a wa r es o f h i s d ra w er s b y th e fir s t th i ef ( C o m p a r e G r i
m m , .

No 1 2 9 ; a Ka shm i r s tor y i n Kn ow les , 1 1 0 1 1 2 ; a n d a Ka b yl i e s tor y ,

—
.

Rivier e,
Th e n u m b er o f ta l es co m b in in g th e tw o cycles o f th e Ma s ter
s so s m a ll com p a red
” “
Th i ef a nd R h a m ps i ni tu s s Treasu re H ou se
’
-
i
on s o f ea ch cycle, th a t w e a r e led to
”
wi th th e n u m b er of p u r e ver s i
t ver y u n l i k ely tha t th er e ever w a s a los t or ig in a l
“ ”
th i nk i Ther e .

seem s to b e n o evi den ce w ha tsoever th a t th es e two cycles h a d a com m on

a n ces tor B es ides th e fa ct tha t th e n u m b er o f s tor i
. es in w hi ch th e

co n ta m i n a tion i s fou n d i s r el a tively ver y s m a ll , ther e i s a l so to b e

con si der ed th e fa ct tha t these few ex a m p les a r e r ecen t No on e i s .

k n ow n to ha ve ex i s ted m or e th a n seven ty five yea r s a go Hen ce the -

.

s n ow b a ll th eor y w i ll b etter ex p la in the com pos ite n a ture o f the

“ ”

gyp s y v ers io n a n d o u r s to r y o f
“
Z a r a g o z a th a n a m i ss in g
-
lin k
”

theor y These tw o cycle s , co n s i

. n g as th ey d o o f a s er i
s ti es o f tes ts
 Fi
lipin o P opu l a r Ta les .
75

of s k i
l l , are p ecu liar ly n ter lock ed
fitted to b e i . The w on d er i
s , n ot

th a t they h a ve becom e com n ed i

bi n b u t tha t they ha ve
a few ca ses ,

r em a i n ed sep a r a te i n s o m a n y m ore , p a r ti cu la r ly a s b oth s tor i es a r e

ver y w i des p r ea d ; a n d , g i ven th e i n gr ed i en ts , th i s i s a com b i n a tion

h
t at c o u l d h a ve b ee n m a d e in d e p e n d e n t ly by m a n y st r
o y - ell
t er s .

Cou ld n o t th e i dea occur to m ore th a n on e n a r ra tor th a t i ti s a gr ea ter

fea t to stea l a l i vi n g p er son th a n a cor pse ( D ) , a p i ece o f r oa s t

m ea t g u a r ded b y a perso n w ho k n ows tha t th e th i ef i s com i n g (B )

‘
th a n a pi ece o f r a w m ea t from a n u n sus pecti n g b u tcher ( E ) ? All
7

in al l , i t a p pea r s to m e m u ch m or e l i k ely th a t th e d r oll a n d certa i n ly

la ter cycle o f th e Ma s ter Thi

“ ”
ef g r e w o u t o f th e m ore s er i o us a n d
er cycl e o f
“ ”
s r li R h a m ps i ni tu s s Trea s u re H ou se h
’
b
'

e -
( y t e s a m e p ro

cess a s i s su gg es ted i n th e n otes to No 1 o f th i s p r esen t collecti

. on )

th a n tha t the tw o are br a n ches from the sa m e tr u n k .

I n a n y cas e, ou r tw o s tor i es m a k e th e com b i n a tion When or .

w hen ce these Ta g a log versi o n s a rose I ca n n o t sa y Nor n eed they b e .

a n a lyzed i n d eta i l , as the tex ts a re b efor e u s in fu ll I w ill m er ely .

ea ll a tten ti o n to th e fa ct tha t i n
“
Za r a goza the k in g sets a s n a re (cf
”
.

Herod o tu s ) for th e thief , in s tea d of th e m ore com m on b a rr el of p itch .

There i s so m eth i n g deci d ed ly p r i mi ti ve a b ou t th i s tr a p w h i ch shoots

a rr ows i n to i ts vi cti m Z a ra goza s tr ick w her eb y h e fools th e r ich

.
’

m er ch a n t h a s a n a n a l og u e i r s tor y o f
“
n Kn ow les s K as h m i Th e Da y
’

Th i ef a n d the Ni g h t-
T h i
e f (p .

“
J u a n the P eer less R ob b er , g a r b led a n d u n sa tis fa ctor y a s it is in
l a n d per ver ted in dén ou em en t, p r esen ts th e in teres tin g com b in a
'

d eta i
ti o n o f th e s k i ll con tes t b etw een th e tw o thieves (see a b ove) , th e
-

-D
tr ea ch ery o f o n e (cf th e P er s i .a n B a h a r i a n u sh , 2 225 -
a n d the

s tea li n g o f th e a b b ot i n a sa ck .

9 . TH E SEVEN CR AZ Y F EL LO W S .
l

O n ce th ere w ere li
ving in th e un try in th e n or th er n pa r t of co

L uzon seven cr a zy fell ow s n a m ed Ju a n F el i pe Ma teo P ed ro

, , , , ,

Fra n ci sco E ul a l io a n d J a ci
, n to Th ey w ere h a ppy a ll th e da y
, .

long .

O n e m or n i ng F el ipe a s ked h is friends to g o fish ing Th ey .

sta id a t the C a g a ya n R iver a l on g tim e Abo u t tw o o clock .

’

in th e a f ter noon Ma teo sa i d to h is com pa n ion s We a re hung r y ;

“
,
”
let u s g o ho m e !
B efore w e g o sa i
d Ju a n let u s coun t o ursel ves to see
, , ,
”
tha t w e a r e a ll h er e ! He coun ted ; b u t beca u se h e forg o t to
cou n t h im self h e fo un d th a t th ey w ere o nly s i
, x a n d sa i
d th a t ,

on e o f th em h a d been d row n ed Th ereu pon th ey a ll d i ved in to

.

Narra ted b y Cipria o Se afica from M a nga lda n P a g ina n

1 n r . . n as .
7 6 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k Lore Soci
ety - .

the ri
ver to l oo k l ost com pa n ion ; a n d w h en th ey ca m e
for thei
r

ou t F r a n ci
, sco coun ted to see i f h e h a d been found ; b u t h e too , ,

l eft h im self ou t so in th ey d ived a g a in J a cin to sa id th a t th ey

, .

s h o uld n ot g o h om e un ti l th ey h a d found th e on e w h o w a s l os t .

Wh ile they w er e d iving a n old m a n pa ssed by He as ked th e

, .

fool s w h a t th ey w ere d i vi ng for Th ey sa id th a t on e o f them

.

h a d bee n d r ow n ed .

How m a ny w er e you a t fir st? sa i d th e old m an .

Th ey sa i d th a t th ey w er e seven
“ ”
All r ig h t s a i
d th e
, o ld m a n D i
v e i
n a n d I w i
.ll co un t ,

y ou . T h e y d i
v ed a n d h e fo und th,a t th ey w ere seve n S in ce .

h e h a d fou nd th ei r l os t co m pa n i on h e a s ked th em to com e w i , th

hi
m .

Wh en th ey r ea ch ed th e old m a n s h ou se h e sel ected Ma teo ’

,

a n d F r a nci sco to l ook a f ter h i s O ld w i fe ; E ul a l io h e chose to

b e w a ter ca r r ier ; P ed r o cook ; J a ci
-
n to w ood ca rri
, er ; a n d Ju a n ,
-

a n d F eli h i p n i n i hun in
‘

p e s co m ,a o s n t g .

Wh en th e nex t da y ca m e th e old m a n sa id th a t h e w as g oing

,

hun tin g a n d h e to ld Ju a n a n d F el ipe to br ing a l ong r ice w ith

,

th em In a l ittle w h il e th ey r ea ch ed th e m oun ta in s a n d h e
.
,

to ld th e tw o foo l s to cook th e r i ce a t ten O clock He then

’
.

w en t up th e m o un ta i n w ith h is dog s to ca tch a deer Now .

,

hi s two com p a n i o n s w h o h a d been l eft a t th e foo t o f th e m o un

,

ta in h a d never seen a d eer Wh en Fel ipe sa w a deer sta nd ing

, .

u nd er a tr ee h e th ou g h t th a t th e a n tl ers o f th e d eer w er e th e
,

br a nches o f a s m a ll tr ee w ith ou t l ea ves : so h e hun g his h a t a n d

b a g of r ice on th em b u t th e d eer i m m ed i
, a tely r a n a w a y Wh en .

th e o ld m a n ca m e ba ck h e a sked i f th e r i ,ce w as rea dy Fel i

pe .

told h i m th a t h e h a d hung h i s h a t a n d th e r i ce on a tr ee th a t
“
ran away Th e old m a n w a s a n gr y a n d sa id
. Th a t tree you , ,

s a w w a s th e a n tl er s o f a deer We ll h a ve to g o hom e n ow for

.
’
,

w e h a ve no th i n g to ea t .

Mea n w h ile th e five cr a zy fellow s w h o h a d been l eft a t h om e

w ere n ot i dle Eul a l io wen t to g et a pa il of w a ter Wh en h e
. .

r ea ched th e w ell a n d s a w h i s im ag e i n th e w a ter h e n odd ed a n d , ,

th e r efl ecti o n n odd ed b a ck a t h i m He d i d th i s o ver a n d over

.

ag ai n ; until fin a lly becom ing tir ed h e ju m ped in to the w a ter

, , ,

a n d w a s d r own ed J a cin to w a.s sen t t o g a th er s m a ll sticks b u t ,

he only d estr oyed th e fen ce a r ound th e g a r d en P ed ro cooked .

a ch i cken w i th ou t r em ovi n g th e fea thers He a lso let th e .

ch i ck en bu r n u n ti l it wa s a s bl a ck a s coa l Ma teo a n d F ra n .
 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Fol k Lore Soci
ety
- .

fr i
g h ten ed , t h ey r a n a w a y i
n d ifferen t d ir ections , an d beca m e
s ca tter ed a ll over L u zo n

N O TES .

I ha ve a Bi
co l va r i
a n t, Ju a n and hi s Six Fr ien ds , n a rr a ted b y

Max im in a Na va rr o , wh i
ch i
s m uc h lik e the s tor y of “
T
h e Seven
Cra zy Fellow s
”
.

I n th e B i l
co for m , J u a n a n d h i s si x cr a z co m p a n ion s go b a t i ng i n th e y h
ri ver Epi
. sode of th e m i sco u n ting O n the wa y om e, th e s even , sa d . h
b eca u se of th e oss of o n e of t ei l r n u m b er , m eet a n o t er s a d h ou n g m a n , h y
y h
w h o sa s t a t h i s m ot er i s d i h
n g a n d t a t he i s on hi y
s w a y to fetc a p ries t h h .

He b eg s the seven to u rr to hi s h
o m e a n d s ta y wi t hi h
s m o t er u n ti h e y h h l
retu r n s . hy
T e go a n d sit b y h er J u a n m is ta k es a a r g e m o e on h er fo re
. l l
h ea d for a fl , a n d tr i y
es i n va i n to b r u s i
t a wa Fi na
“
h e k ils i t
”
h y . lly l
wi h
t a bi g p iec e o f b a m b oo T h e so n , r e tu r n in g a n.d n d in g hi s m ot er d ea d , fi h
a s k s the seven to ta k e her a n d b u r her y
T e w r a p the b od in a m a t, b u t . hy y
o n th e w a y to th e ce m eter the b od fa s o u t y
T e r etu r n to ook for the y ll . hy l
cor p s e, b u t ta k e th e w ro n g roa d T e see a n old wo m a n cu ttin g fer n s ; a n d ,
. hy
h
t i n kin g t a t sh e i hs the rs t old w o m a n tr i fi
n g to decei ve t em , t e t r ow y h hy h
s to n es a t h er The s tor en ds wit the b u ri
. ya of t i h
s seco n d old w o m a n , l h
h
w om the seven a d m o n i s , as t e p u t h e r in h
t o t h e g r o u n d , hy
n e ve r to de
”
cei ve a n y o n e a g a in .

Th ese tw o n ood le s tor i

es a r e o b vi
ou s ly dr a w n from a co m m on

sou r ce . Th e m ai
n n ci
i den ts to b e fou n d n them
i a re ( )
I th e m i
s

cou n ti m m er s a n d th e s u b s e u en t corr ect r eck on i

n g o f th e sw i ng q by a

s tr a n g er (t h is secon d p a r t a c l
ki
n g i co l
n th e B i va r i
ant ; ) (2 ) th e k ill in g
of th e fly o n the old w om a n
’
s fa ce ; (3) th e loss of th e cor p s e a nd th e
al
b u ri of th e O ld fa g ot g a ther in g
-
s ta k e
w om a n b y m i .

The in ci
den t o f n ot cou n ti
f i
n g on e s sel
s fo u n d in a n u m b e r o
’
f E a s ter n

s tori
—l
es ( see C o u s to n 1 , 2 8 33 ; G r i mm, 2 For a Ka s m i r h
ll
d r o recor di n g a si m ia r si tu a ti l
o n , w er e a tow n s m a n n d s ten h fi
p e a sa n ts w ee p i
n g b e c a u se t e ca n n o t a c co u n t fo r hy
th e o s s o f o n e l
o f t ei h
r com p a n i o n s , see K n o w es , 32 2 32 3
—
l .

Killin g of fl y on fa ce i s a ver old i n ci y

den t, a n d a ss u m es va ri o u s fo r m s .

i
I n a B u dd s t b ir t -
h
s tor h
(J ata k a , y
a m os q u i to i g ts o n a m a n s l h ’

h
ea d The foo i
. s l h
so n a ttem p ts to ki i t wi t a n ax e I n a n o t er ll h . h
(J ata k a , 4 5) the so n u ses a pes tle ta i a n s to r i es co n ta i ni ng t i .s I l h
ep i sod e w i b e fo u n d i ll n C r a n e, 2 93 2 94 ( see a so C ra n e, 380 , n o tes
—
l
13 I n a Bi co fa b e r e a ti l l l
n g a w a r b e twee n th e m o n k e s a n d y
th e d r a g o n -fl i
es , th e d a g o
r n -
flies ea s i defea t the m o n k e s , w ho ly y
ll
k i o n e a n o t er i n t ei h
r a ttem p ts to s a h t ei r en em i es , t a t a ve, l y h h h
a t th e o r der o f t ei r ki ng, a i h
g ted o n the m o n k e s l h ’
ea d s ( see y h
No . Fu b i b i og r a p ll for t i l
s i n ci hy h
den t m a y b e fou n d i n B o te l
l
vk a ,
Po i 1 : 5 9
1 .

ll i
The k i n g o f a li
vin g p er so n th o u g h t to b e a cor p se co m e to lif e occu r s

in The Th ree H u m p b a ck s ( see No 33 a n d n otes) . .

 Fi
lipin o P opu la r Ta les .
79

Our s tor y a s a w ho le seem s to ow e n ot h in g to Eu ropea n for m s ,

th ou g h i
t h a s so m e fa i
n t gen era r esem b l la n ces to th e Seven Sw a b i
ans

( G r i
m m , No All
. th r ee in cid en t s o f o u r s tor y a r e fou n d sep a

r a tely i n I n di
a Thei r com b i
. o n m a y h a ve ta k en p l a ce i
n a ti n th e

I sla n ds , or even b efor e th e Ma l a y m i g r a tion .

( ) J UA 1
10 N M. A N A L A K
a S A N .

O n ce u po n a ti m e th er e l i ved i n a cer ta i n vi ll a g e a bra ve a n d

p o w er ful d a tu w h o h a d o nly on e so n T h e so n w as ca ll ed .

P ed r o . In th e sa m e pl a ce l ived a poor wood cu tter w hose -

n a m e w a s Ju a n Ma n a la k sa n P ed ro w as rich a n d h a d n o .
,

w o r k to do He o ften d i
. ver ted h i m self by hun ti n g d eer a n d

wi l d boa rs i n th e for es ts a n d m oun ta i n s Ju a n g o t h is l i vi ng .

b y cu tti n g tr ees i n th e fores ts .

O n e d a y th e d a tu a n d h i s so n w en t to th e m oun ta i n to hun t .

Th ey took w ith th em m a ny dog s a n d g un s Th ey d i d n ot .

ta k e a n y food h ow ever for th ey fel t s u r e o f ca tch i

, , n g som eth i ng

to ea t for th ei r di nn er Wh en th ey rea ched th e m oun ta in .

,

P ed ro ki ll ed a deer B y n oon th ey h a d becom e tir ed a n d

.

h un g r y so th ey w en t to a s h a dy pl a ce to coo k th ei
, r gam e .

Wh il e h e w as ea ting P edr o choked on a piece o f m ea t The

, .

fa th er cr i ed ou t l oudly for h e d i d n o t kn ow w h a t to do for hi

, s

dyin g son Ju a n w ho w a s cu ttin g w ood n ea r by h ear d the

.
, ,

sh ou t . He r a n qu i ckly to h elp P ed r o a n d by pull i ng th e piece ,

o f m ea t ou t o f h i s th r o a t h e sa ved P ed r o s l i
’
fe P edr o w a s .

g r a te ful a n d , s a id to Ju a n T O m o rr o w c o m e t o m
, y p a l a-
ce a n d ,
”
I wi ll g ive you a r ew a rd for h elp ing m e .

Th e n ex t m o r ning Ju a n set ou t for th e pa l a ce O n h i s way .

h e m e t a n old w om a n w h o a sked h i m w h er e h e w a s g oi
, ng .

“ ”
I a m g oing to P ed ro s hou se to g et m y r ew a rd sa id Jua n’
, .

”
Do n ot a ccep t a n y r ew a r d of m oney or w ea l th sai d th e ,

old w o m a n b u t a sk P ed ro to g i
, ve you th e g l a s s w h i ch h e keeps

in hi s ri g h t a r m m t T h e g l a s
. s is m a g ica l I t i s a s l a rg e as a .

peso a n d h a s a sm a ll h ol e in th e centr e If you pu s h a s m a ll

, .

s tick th ro u g h th e ho l e g i a n ts w h o ca n g i , ve you a nyth i ng you

w a n t wi ll su rround you Th en th e old w o m a n left Ju a n a n d
.
,

w en t on h er w a y .

As soo n as Ju a n r ea ch ed th e p a l a ce P ed ro sa i d to h im GO , ,
”
to th a t room a n d g et a ll th e m on ey you w a n t .

1
Na rra ted by A ci
ni o Pa scua l of Ar a ya t , P a m pa n g a , w h o h ea r d th e stor y fr om a n old

P a m pa n ga n w om a n .
 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k L ore Soci
ety -
.

Bu t Ju a n n sw ered
a I do n ot w a n t you to g ive m e a n y
,

m oney . All I w a n t i
s th e g l ass w h i n yo u r r i
ch you keep i h
g t
a rrn p i
t.
“
Ver y w ell , sa i d h ere it is
P ed ro , . Wh en Ju a n h a d re

ved th e
cei g l a ss , he h urr i
ed b a ck h om e .

Ju a n r ea ch ed h is b u t in the w ood s a n d found h is m oth er ,

s ta r vi ng He qu ickly th oug h t of h is m a g ic g l a ss a n d punch ing

.
, ,

a s m a ll s ti ck th r oug h th e h ol e i n th e g l as s h e fo und h i m sel f ,

s u rr o unded by g i a n ts .

“ ”
B e qu i ck a n d g et m e so m e food fo r m y m o th er !
, he sa i d
to th em For a few m i
. nu tes the g ia n ts w ere g one b u t soon ,

th ey ca m e a g ai n w ith th eir h a n d s full o f food Ju a n too k it .

a n d g a ve i t to h i s m oth er ; b u t s h e a te so m u ch th a t s h e beca m e ,

si ck a n d d i
, ed .

In a n eig hboring vill a g e r ul ed a n oth er pow er ful d a tu w h o h a d ,

a bea u ti ful d a ug h ter O n e d a y th e d a tu fell ver y ill As n o

. .

d octo r could cu re h i m h e sen t h i s so ld i

er s a r o und th e co un tr y
,

to sa y th a t th e m an w h o co uld cu r e h i m s h ould h a ve h i s d a ug h ter

for a w i fe Ju a n h ea r d th e news a n d r elying on h is ch a r m

.
, , ,

w en t to cur e th e d a tu O n hi s w a y h e a s ked th e g i
. a n ts for ,

m ed i ci ne to cu re the s ick r ul er Wh en h e r ea ched th e pa l a ce .

,
“ "
th e d a tu sa i d to h im If I a m n ot cu red you sh a ll b e kill ed
, , .

Ju a n a g reed to th e condition s a n d told th e d a tu to sw a llow th e ,

m ed i ci ne w h ich h e g a ve h im Th e d a tu d i d so a n d a t o nce
.
,

beca m e w ell a g a in .

Th e nex t m or n ing Ju a n w a s m a r r i ed to th e d a tu s d a ug h ter

’
.

Ju a n took h is w ife to l ive w ith h im in h is s m a ll h u t in th e w oods .

O n e d a y h e w en t to th e for es t to cu t tr ees l ea vi ng h is w ife a n d ,

m ag i c g l ass a t h o m e Wh ile Ju a n w a s a w a y i
. n th e fo res t ,

P ed ro or der ed so m e of h i s so ld iers to g o g et th e w ood cu tter s

’
-

wi fe an d m a g ic g l ass Wh en Ju a n r etu r n ed in the evening h e

.
,

fo und w i fe an d g l as s g on e O n e o f h is n eig hbors told h im th a t

.

hi s wi fe h a d been ta ken a w a y by som e so ld iers Ju a n w as ver y .

an g r y b u t h e could n ot a veng e h i
, m self w i th ou t h is m agi ca l

g l a s s .

At l as t h e d eci d ed to g o to h is fa th er in la w a n d tell h im a ll - -

th a t h a d h a ppen ed to h i s wi fe O n h is w a y th er e h e m et a n .
,

O ld m a n leu leu l a m
1
w ho a s ked h i
, m w h ere h e w a s g oi ng Ju an .

di d n ot tell h er b u t r el a ted to h er a ll th a t h a d h a ppened to h i

, s

wi fe a n d g l ass w h il e h e w as in th e forest cu tting trees Th e .

1 M an h s k u la m , see n ote 1 , p . 53 .
82 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k L or e Soci
ety -
.

w h eth er h i
s son h a d g one or n ot, h e agai
n w en t to see Wh en .

he found Ju a n i
n th e sa m e pos i
as ti on befor e h e beca m e ver y
,

a n g r y a n d sa i
, d ,
“
Ju a n if I com e ou t a g a in a n d find yo u still h ere I s h a l l
, ,
”
s u r ely g ive yo u a w h i pping Ju a n knew well th a t h is fa th er
.

w o uld pun i sh hi m if he di d n ot g o ; so h e r ose up s udd enly too k ,

hi s a x e a n d w en t to th e fores t
, .

Wh en h e ca m e to th e fores t he m a r ked ever y tr ee th a t h e ,

thou g h t w o uld b e g ood fo r fu el a n d th en h e beg a n cu tti ng , .

Wh il e h e w as chopping a t on e of th e tr ees h e sa w th a t it h a d ,

a hol e i n th e tr unk a n d in th e h o l e h e s a w so m eth i

, ng g l istening .

Th inki ng th a t th ere m ig h t b e g old in sid e th e h ol e he h a s ten ed ,

to cu t th e tr ee d ow n ; b u t a m o n s ter ca m e ou t o f th e h o l e a s soo n
a s th e tr ee fell .

When Ju a n sa w th e unex pected being he r a ised h is a x e to ,

“
kill th e m on ster B efor e g iving th e bl ow he ex cl a im ed Ah a !
.
, ,
”
Now is th e tim e for you to d i
e .

Th e m on s ter m oved ba ckw a r d w h en i

t sa w th e bl ow r ea dy
to fa ll , a n d sa i d ,

Good s i r , for b ea r ,

An d m y l i fe s pa re ,
I f you w ish a ha ppy life
An d , b es i fe
des , a pr etty w i .

Ju a n l ow ered h is a x e a n d s a id O ho ! is th a t so ?, ,
”
Yes I s w ea r , a n s w er ed th e m on s ter
, .

B u t w ha t i s it a n d w h ere i s i t? sa i ,d Ju a n r a is ing h is a x e a n d , ,

feig n ing to b e a n g r y for h e w a s a nx io u s to g et w h a t the m on ster

,

pr o m ised h im Th e m on s ter told Ju a n to ta ke fr o m th e m i

. ddle
of h i s to n g u e a w h i te ova l s tone F ro m i t h e could a s k fo r a n d
.

h h
’

g e t w h a tev e r e w a n t ed to h a ve Ju a n o pen e d t e m o n s ter.s

m o u th a n d too k the va lu a bl e s to ne I m m ed ia tely th e m on ster .

d isa ppea r ed .

Th e youn g m a n th en tes ted th e vi r tu es of h i s ch a r m by a s ki ng

it for so m e m en to h elp h i m w or k As soo n a s h e h a d s poken .

th e l a s t w o r d O f h i s co m m a nd th er e a ppe a r ed m a ny perso n s , ,

so m e of w h o m cu t d o w n tr ees w h i l e o thers ca r r ied th e w ood

,

to h i s h o u se When Ju a n w a s s u r e th a t h is h ou se w a s su r
.

r o und ed by p i l es oi fir e w ood h e d is m issed th e m en hu r r ied

-
, ,

hom e a n d la y dow n a g a in beh ind th e firepl a ce He h a d n o t

, .

been th ere l ong w h en his fa th er ca m e to see if h e h a d do ne h is

,
 li
Fi pino P opu la r Ta les . 83

w or k When the O ld m a n sa w h is son str etched ou t on the

.

fl oor h e sa i
, d Jua n h a ve w e fir e w ood n ow ?
, ,
-

“ "
J u s t loo k ou t of th e w indow a n d see fa th er ! sa id Ju a n , .

G rea t w a s th e s u r prise of th e old m a n w h en h e sa w th e l a r g e

piles of wood a bou t h is hou se .

Th e n ex t d a y Jua n r em em ber i ng the pretty w ife of w h ich

,

th e m o ns ter h a d s poken w en t to the ki

’
ng s pa l a ce a n d to ld th e
, ,

ki n g th a t h e w a n ted to m a r r y h i s d a u g h ter Th e king s m i l ed .

scom fu lly w h en h e sa w the r u s ti c a ppea r a n ce of th e s u i tor a n d ,

“
sa id , If you w ill do w h a t I s h a ll a s k you to do I w ill let you ,
”
m a r r y m y d a u g h ter .

“
W h a t a r e yo ur Ma j esty s co m m a nd s for m e ? sa id Ju a n
’
.

Bu i ld m e a cas tl e in th e m iddl e O f the b a y ; b u t know th a t , ,

”
if i t i s n ot fin i s h ed i n th r ee d a ys ti
’
m e you l ose you r h ea d , ,

sa id th e ki ng ster nly Ju a n pr o m ised to do th e w or k

. .

Tw o d a ys h a d g o ne by yet Ju a n h a d n ot yet co m m en ced h i

, s

w or k For th a t rea so n th e ki
. ng bel ieved th a t Ju a n d id n ot
o bj ect to l osi ng h is l ife ; b u t a t m idnig h t of th e th ir d da y Ju a n ,

ba d e h is s to ne bu ild a for t in th e m iddl e of th e b a y .

The nex t m or ni ng w hil e th e king w as ta king h is ba th ca nn on

, ,

sh o ts w ere h ea r d After a w h i
. l e Ju a n a ppea r ed befor e th e
pa l a ce d r essed l ike a pr ince Wh en h e sa w th e king he sa id
, .
, ,
“
Th e for t i s r ea dy for you r i n spection .

“
If th a t is tr ue you s h a ll b e m y son in la w sa id th e king
,
- -
, .

After br ea kfas t th e ki ng w ith h is da ug h ter visited th e for t

, , ,

w hi ch pl ea sed th e m ver y m u ch Th e fo ll ow ing da y the cer e .

m on i es of Ju a n s m a rr i
’
age wi th th e p r incess Ma r ia w ere h eld
wi th m uch pom p a n d sol em n i ty .

S h or tly a fter Ju a n s w edd i ng a w a r br oke ou t Ju a n led th e

’
.

a rm y o f th e ki ng h is fa th er in la w to th e ba ttl efield a n d w ith

- -
,

th e h elp of h i s m agi ca l stone h e co nqu er ed h i s m i g h ty e n e m y .

Th e d efea ted g en er a l w en t h o m e full o f s orr ow As he h a d .

n ev er b een defea ted befor e h e th ou g h t th a t Ju a n m u s t poss ess

,

so m e s u per n a tu r a l pow er Wh en h e r ea ch ed hom e th er efor e

.
, ,

he i s su ed a procl a m a ti on w h i ch s ta ted th a t a n y on e w h o co uld

J n p f h i h uld h h lf f h i p p y
’

g et u a s o w e r o r m s o a ve o n e a o s r o er t a s -

cer ta i tch , w h o
wi of o f th e
’
A n knew Ju a n s secr e t, h ea r d
p r oc a mla ti
Sh e fl ew to th e
on . a n d to ld h i
m th a t s h eg en er a l ,

cou ld do w h a t h e w a n ted d on e O n hi s a g r eein g s h e fl ew to . ,

J u a n
’
s h o u se on e h o t a f ter n oo n , w h er e s h e fo und M a ria a l o n e,
84 Mem oirs of ca n Fol k L ore Soci
the Am eri ety - .

for J ua n h a d g one ou t hun ting The old wo m a n s m il ed w hen .

s h e sa w Ma r i a an d sa i d Do you n o t r ecog n i
,
ze m e pr etty
, ,

Ma r ia ? I a m th e on e w h o nu rsed you when you w ere a ba by ”

.

The pr i ncess w as s u r p ris ed a t wha t the w itch sa id for She ,

th ou g h t th a t th e o ld w o m a n w as a beg g a r Never theless sh e .

bel ieved w h a t the witch told h er tr ea ted th e repul sive w om a n ,

kindly a n d offered h er ca ke a n d w ine ; b u t th e w itch told Maria

,

n ot to g o to a n y tro ubl e a n d o rd er ed h er to res t , 50 Maria .

la y dow n to ta ke a si esta With g r ea t sh ow of kindness th e

.
,

wi tch fa nned th e p r i n cess till sh e fell a s l eep Wh ile Ma ria .

w as s l eepi ng th e O ld wom a n took from under nea th the pill ow

,

th e m a g i ca l s ton e w h i ch Ju a n h a d forg otten to ta ke a l ong w i

, th
hi m . Th en she fl ew to th e g ener a l an d g a ve th e Ch a r m to ,

hi m . He i n tu r n r ew a r d ed th e O ld w o m a n w i
, , th on e h a lf hi s -

ri ch es .

Mean w h ile as Ju a n w as enj oying his hunt in th e fores t a

, ,

h u g e bi r d s woo ped d ow n on h i m a n d sei zed hi s h orse a n d cl o thes .

Wh en the bir d fl ew a wa y h is inn er g a r m ents w ere ch a ng ed ba ck

,

a g ai n in to h is O ld w ood cu tter s clo th es F ull o f a nx iety a t this

-
’
.

ill o m en a n d fea r i , ng th a t so m e m isfor tune h a d befa llen h is

wi fe he h a s ten ed h om e on foo t as bes t he could Wh en he
, .

rea ch ed h i s h o u se h e fo und i t va ca n t ,
Th en he w en t to the .

king s pa l a ce b u t th a t too h e fo u nd deser ted For h is s tone

’
, .

h e di d n ot kn ow w h er e to loo k After a few m i nu tes of re .

fl ecti on h e ca m e to th e con clu si

, o n th a t a ll h is tr oubl es w ere

ca u sed by the g en er a l w h om h e h a d d efea ted i n b a ttl e He .

al so s us pected th a t th e o fficer h a d som eh ow or o th er g ot posses

si o n of h i s m ag i ca l stone .

P oor Ju a n th en beg a n w a lki ng tow a rd th e coun try w h ere th e

g e n er a l l ive d B efo re h e
. co uld r ea ch t h a t c o un tr y h e h a d to ,

cr oss th r ee m oun ta i ns Wh il e h e w as crossing the firs t m ou n

.

ta i n a ca t ca m e r unn ing a fter h im a n d knocked him down

, He , .

w as so an g r y a t th e a n i m al th a t he r an a fter i t sei zed i t an d

, , ,

d a s hed its l ife o u t a g a ins t a r ock Wh en he w as cross in g th e .

seco nd m oun ta i n th e sa m e ca t a ppea r ed a n d kn ocked h im down

,

a second ti me Ag a in Ju a n sei
. zed th e a n i m a l a n d ki ll ed it as ,

before ; b u t th e sa m e ca t th a t h e h a d killed twice before tu m bled

hi m d ow n a th i r d ti m e w hi le he w a s crossing the th ir d m oun
ta i n F illed w ith cu riosity Ju a n ca u g h t th e a n im a l a g a i
. n : bu t
, ,

ins tea d o f kill ing it this tim e h e p u t it in side the b a g he w as ,

ca rr yi ng a n d took it a long w ith h im

, .
 Mem oirs of ca n F ol k L ore Soci
the Am er i ety -
.

ca t swi
m a cross the ocea n , ca tc h a m ou se, a n d co m pe l it t o fetc h th to e s ne

fro m o u t of the m o u t of the t i ef h

U po n t eir retu r n j ou r n e , a nd h . h y ca t
l
dog q u a rr e , a n d the s to n e fa s i
n to the sea fter t e a ve ob ta in ed it ll . A hyh
a ga in wi h
t the e p of a frog , t e b ri hl
ng it to t ei r m as ter , w ho w i s es hi s hy h h
l fe b a ck o n ce m o re
ca s t e a n d w i .

In ly ever y deta il ou r stories va r y from this n orm : ( I ) Th e hero

n ea r

does n o t b u y th e l i
fe of a n y a n im a ls (2 ) h e does n ot a cquire th e ch a r m ,

from a g ra tefu l ser p en t tha t h e h as u n selfis h ly sa ved from d ea th (3) ,

th e dog does n o t a ppea r a t a ll (4) cas tle a n d w i fe a re n o t tra n s por ted ,

b eyon d th e sea ( 5) th e ca t does n ot ser ve the her o vol u n ta r i

, ly ou t of
g ra titu d e ( )
6 th e h er
, o h i
m s el f j o u r n eys to r eco ver h i
s s to l e n ch a r m .

An d yet h
t ere ca n be no dou b th of th e con n ecti es w i
on of o u r s tor i t
th i s cy cle Th e a cq u i .r em en t o f a cha r m thr ou g h th e h el p o f w h i ch ,

the hero per for m s a d i fficu l t tas k u n der pen a l ty o f dea th a n d th u s ,

wi n s th e h a n d o f a r u ler s d a u g h ter ; th e th eft o f th e ch a r m a n d th e

'

di sa p pea r a n ce o f th e w i fe ; th e S ea r ch w h i ch i s fin a lly b r ou g h t to a ,

s u ccess fu l close thr o u g h th e h el p o f a ca t a n d th e k i n g o f th e ra ts

th e r ecover y o f w i fe a n d ch a r m a n d th e d ea th o f th e h er o s en em i
’
es , ,

these d eta i ls in com b in a tion a r e u n m ista k a b l e pr oofs .

Mos t o f th e cha r a cter is tic deta ils how ever o f th e Ma g ic R in g , ,

cy cl e a r e to b e fou n d i n th e P h i l ipp in es a l thou g h they a r e la ck in g in ,

th ese tw o s tor i es For i n s ta n ce i n No 2 6 th e h er o b u y s th e l i

. fe of a , .

s n a k e for five cen ts a n d i s r ewa r ded b y th e k i , n g o f th e s er pe n ts w ith a

m a gi c wi sh i n g clo th (cf E Steers -
I n a Vi sa y a n pou r qu oi
. .
,

s tor y Wh y Dog s w a g their Ta ils (see JAF L 20 98

“ ”
, w e h a ve
a va r i a n t o f th e S itu a tio n o f th e h el p fu l dog a n d ca t ca r r yi ng a ri ng

a cr oss a b ody of w a ter , th e q u a rr el i

n m id s tr ea m , a n d th e -
loss of the
cha r m . I n th e sa m e vol u m e ( p p 1 1 7 1 1 8) i
—
s to b e fou n d . a Ta g a l og

fo l k -
on o f th e
ver s i
“
Ala ddin "
ta le .
l

Nei ther J u a n Ma n a la k sa n n or J u a n th e P oor who b eca m e J u a n

“
,

ca n b e tr a ced I b el i x ty
”
th e K ing , eve to a n y o f th e h u n d r ed a n d s i , ,

cu l a r for m s o f th e s tor y ci
thr ee p a r ti ted b y Aa rn e Th e d iffer en ces .

in d eta il a re too m a n y The la s t pa r t o f P edroso s P ortu gu es e folk

.
’

ta l e No x x x i
, s li
k e (b) i
.
, m sel f seek s th e th i
n tha t th e h er o h i ef ta k es
, ,

a lo n g w i
th hi m a ca t i s r ecog n ied b y th e th i ef a n d i m pri
, so n ed a n d z ,

by m ea n s o f th e ca t t r ea ten s the h ki
ng of the r a ts , w ho recovers th e
h
c a rm for h i
m B u t th e fir s t p a r t i
. s en ti
re ly fferen t : th e
di h
c a rm i
s

a n a pp e l n ed fr om a b i
o b ta i n d a n d th e h ero ,
’
s wi
fe i
s l
n o t s to en a on g l
th th e
wi c ar m h . sh
N 0 Spa n i ver s i
on h a s b een r ecor d ed . It i
s n ot

1 As Mr Ga r . d n er n o tes , a ch a p - b k oo for m of Ala dd in ex n Ta g a l og

s ts i
i . Th e
f u ll ti
tle of m y co p y ru n s th u s ( in on )
tra n sla ti : The W on d erf u l s tor y of Ala din , w h o g ot

p ossess i
on of th e Ma n si
on s La m p . a n d of hi
s M a rr ia g e th th e P rin cess
wi of Chi
n a the

G rea t. Ma n ila , 1 901 . (P p . W . n hi

R eta na , i s
“
Apa ra to B ib liog rafico ( M a drid ”
.

ci
tes an e d iti on before 1 89 8 ( see item No . Th e story ha s a lso been pr in ted
n th e P a m pa n g o . I l oca n o , B i
i col , an d Via ya n dia lect
s s.
 Fi no P opu la r Ta les
lipi . 87

im p oss i ble th a t the s tor y in th e P h ilipp in es is pr eh is tor ic Juan .

Ma n a la k sa n , w hich th e na rra tor took dow n ex a ctly a s it w as told to

”

hi m , cle s r ly d a tes b a ck to a ti m e w hen th e tr i b e ha d i ts ow n n a ti ve

da tu gover n m en t, poss i b ly to a ti m e even b efor e th e P a m pa n g a ns
mi g ra ted to t h e P h il i
pp in es T h e w h o l e
“
e q u .ip m e n t
”
o f th is s tor y
is pr i mi ve to a deg ree
ti Moreover , the n a tu re of th e cha r m in b oth
.

s tor ies a pi ece o f g l as s a n d a n ova l s to n e i n s tea d o f th e m or e u s u a l

ri ng p o in ts to th e p r i
m itiv en e s s o f o u r ve r s i
o n s , a s d oe s l ik e w is e th e

fa ct tha t th e cha r m i s n o t s to len fr o m th e her o b y h i s wi fe , b u t b y

som e o t er h person (see Aa rn e pp 43 , .
,

For fu r ther discu ssio n s o f th is cycle of l

fo k ta -
les , and i
ts l
r e a ti
on

to th e Ara b ia n l iter a r y ver s ion s ee Aa r n e 6 1 et seq Co m pa r e a lso

, , .

Ma ccu lloch 2 0 1 20 2 37 2 38 ; Groo m e 2 1 8 2 2 0 ; C lo u s ton s Va r i

,
2 —
,
— —
“
,
’

a n ts o f B u r to n s Su pp lem en ta l Ar a b i
’
a n Nig h ts 6
p p 5 4 575 ; Bo l te ,
”
.
—

P ol i f I A A l ’
vk a B i dd d B
’
2, 45 45
1
: 8 ; e—
n ey : 2 1 1 i to a r n e
, s a n o t e s .

lis ts W ra ti s la w No 54 , See a lso Dfih n h a r d t 4 1 47 1 60

. .
,
-
.

I n co n cl u s ion I m a y a dd in the wa y of a n Ap pen dix a s it wer e a

, , ,

bri e f s yn o ps i s o f a Ta g a l og ro m a n ce en ti tled Stor y of Ed m u n do ,

Son of Mer ced n th e K i

i n g dom of Fra n ce ; ta k en fr om a n ovela a nd

com p os ed by on e wh o en o j ys wr itin g th e Ta g a l og la n g u a ge . Ma n ila

Th i
s ver s e -
for m of a
b ottom th e sa m e as ou r tw o s tor y a t

fo lk ta les i
-
s dou b tles s m u ch m or e r ecen t tha n o u r folk ta l es them sel ves , -

a nd i b ly b a sed on th em d i r ectly , d esp i

te th e a n on ym ou s a u thor s
’
s poss i

sta tem en t a s to th e u n n a m ed n ovela th a t wa s h i s sou r ce I n th e fol .

n g s u m m a r y of th e Stor y of Edm u n do , th e
“ ”
low i num b ers i
n pa r en

th es es refer to s ta n zas o f th e or i
g i
n a l Ta g a l o g tex t .

EDMU NDO .

I n Vi l A
la m a n te t ere i h ved a poor w i l dow , Mer ced b y n a m e , w ho h a d to
wor k ver yh a r d to k ee p h er o n so n , the i ly
n fa n t Ed m u n do , a i ve Her p i et l . y
and i y
n d u s tr w ere rew a r ded , ow ever ; a n d b y the tih m e the b oy w as seven

y ea r s o ld ,s h e w a s a b e t o c lo t e hi m w el h a n d sen d him t o sc ll
oo H e r h l .

b ro th er To n i o u n der took th e i n s tr u cti o n o f the ou t E d m u n do h a d a y h .

g oo d h ea d , a n d m a de ra p id r
p g o r ess (7 4 )
— 1 .

O n e d a y Merced fe si ll
ck , a n d , a t ou g s he r ecovered i lh h
n a s or t ti m e, Ed h
m u n d o d eci d ed to g i ve u p s tu d i n g a n d to ye p hi s m o t er ea r n t ei hl
r i vi ng h h l .

He b eca m e a w ood cu tter -

(4 2 53)
—
.

A t la s t fo r tu n e ca m e to hi m I n on e o f h i .s w a n deri ngs i n th e fo res t i n

sea r c h o f d r y w ood , h e h
a p pe n ed u po n a n en o r m o u s p t o n He w o u d yh . l
ha ve fl ed i n ter ror h a d n o t the s n a k e s po k e n to h i m , to h is a m a zem en t, a n d

req u es ted h i m to p u ll
fr o m i ts t roa t the s ta g w i hc w a s c o ki ng i t He h h h .

p e r fo r m ed t h e se r vic e fo r t h e r ep ti e , a n d in t u r n w l
as in v ite d to th e ca v e

where i t lived . O u t of g r a ti tu d e th e p t o n g a ve Ed m u n do a m a g i yh c mi rr or

l
tha t w o u d fu r n i s h
the p os sess o r w i t w a tever he w a n ted h h i
t th e . W h
help o f t i hs c a rmh h
m o t er a n d so n soo n ha d ever t i
, ng t e n eed ed to yh hy
m a k e t em h h y
a pp ( 54 9 )
.
-
1
88 Mem oirs of the Am er i
ca n F ol k L or e Soci
ety -
.

At a b ou t t i s ti m e Ki h
n g R om u a d o o f F r a n ce deci ded to ook for a h u s l l
b a n d for hi s d a u g ter th e b ea u ti h
fu Leo n or a , He w a s u na b e to p i l
ck ou t a . l
so n i n la w fr o m th e m a n
- -
su i y
tors w ho p r ese n ted t em se ves ; a n d so h e ha d i t h l
p r ocl a im ed a t a co n co u r se of a ll th e ou t s o f the r ea m ,
“
oever ca n fill y h l Wh
m y ce a r w i ll
t m on e h
b efor e m or n i ng s a y a ve th e a n d of L eo n o r a h ll h h .

ly
Ed m u n do w a s the on o n e to a ccep t th e c a llen g e, for fa iu re to per for m the h l
ta sk m ea n t dea t At m i dn i g t h
h e .t o o k h is e n c a n t ed m irr ohr a n d co m h
m a n ded i t to the k i
'
fill
n g s ce a r w i t m on e I n th e m or n i ll n g th e ki h
n g wa s y .

a s to n is ed a t the sih g t b u t t e r e w a s n o w h a y o,f a v o id in g th

h e m a rr ia ge So .

Leo o n r a b eca m e t h e W i fe o f t h e ow -
b orn w ood cu tter The o u n g l ly -
. y
l
co u p e w e n t to Vi l a m a n te to i ve l A
T er e, to a s ton i s hi s wi l fe, Ed m u n do
. h h
h a d a pa la ce b u it i n on e n i g t l S h e w a s d u m fo u n d e d t o h a w a k
. e in t h e

m orn i n g a n d fin d er se f i n a m a g n i cen t h l
om e ; a n d w en s he a s k ed h i fi
m h h
a b ou t i t, h e con ded to her th e secret o f h i fi s w o n der fu c a rm La ter , to l h .

g r a tif t h e uym o r o f th e k h
i n g w h o v is ite d h im , E d m u n d o o,r d er e d h is m i
rro r

to tr a n sp or t th e p a a ce to a sea co as t tow n l T ere he a n d h is w i fe i ved . h l

ver y ha pp i tog et er ly
( 92 2 1 1 )
— h .

O n e d a y Leo n or a n oti ced fr o m h er w i n do w N o vesse s sa ii n g towa r d s th e l l

to w n Her fea rs a n d p r em o n i
. ti o n s w er e so g rea t, t a t Ed m u n d o, to ca m h l
h er , s a n k the s i p s b y m e a n s ohf h is m a g ic p o w er B u t t h e s i
n k in g of t ese . h
l
ves se s b rou g t m i s for tu n es h T eir ow n er , the Su ta n of Tu rk e . h ea r n ed o f l y l ,

the m a gi c mi rr or po ssessed b y E d m u n d o ( h ow h e g o t t i s i n for m a ti on i s n ot h

s ta ted ) , a n d i h
red a n old w o m a n to g o to F r a n ce i n th e g u i se of a b eg g a r

a n d s tea the c a r m l h
She w a s s u ccess fu i . n g etti ng i t, a n d t en re tu r n ed l h
wi t i h t to h er m as ter Th e Su ta n t en in va ded F ra n ce a n d wit the ta li
. l h
s , h
m a n by w i , c h e ca ed to hih h s ai d si x in vi ll
n ci b e gi a n ts co n q u er ed th e l ,

co u n tr y
He took the k in g q u een a n d Leo n ora a s ca p tives b a ck w it him
.
, , h
to Tu r k e y
Ed m u n do wa s eft in F r a n ce to ook a fter the a ffa ir s o f the
. l l
co u n tr y .
(2 1 2 -
2 96 )
Ed m u n do b eca m e decided to seek hi s wi
m e anc o fel He h ly , a nd at l a st .

l s m o t er a n d hi
eft h i h
s s erva n t b e in d , a n d took w it hi m on a dia m on d h h ly
ri
’
s ca t, a n d h i
n g of L eo n or a s , h i s d og ie w a k i
n g a o n g th e sea s o re, . Wh l l l h
w on d eri
n g ho w h e cou ld
h e sa w a u g e fis h w a s ed u p o n the
cr oss th e o cea n , h h
sa n d Th e fis h r eq u es ted h im to dr a g it to the w a ter
. en E d m u n do . Wh
h a d don e so , the fis h to d h i m to g et o n i ts b a ck , a n d p rom i l
sed to ca r r y
hi m to Leo n o r a So d o n e Th e fis h sw a m ra p i
. d t r ou g the w a ter ,
. ly h h
h l
E dm u n do o din g his d og a n d ca t in h is b rea s t The do g w a s soo n w a s ed . h
“
o ver b oa r d ,
”
b u t the ca t c u n g to h im fter a ri l
d e of a d a y a n d a n ig t . A h ,

th e fis h a n d ed h i l
m o n a s tr a n g e s ore I t a ppen ed to b e the coa s t of h . h
Tu r k ey .
( 2 97 -
3 1 3)
Ed m u n d o in n , p re ten d in g to b e a s i
s to p ped a t a n p w r eck ed m er c a n t h h .

h
T ere h e d eci ded to s ta for a w ie, a n d t er e h e fo u n d o u t the s iy tu a tio n of hl h
L eo n or a i n t i s wi se No w , i h
t a p pen ed t a t th e Su ta n u sed to se n d to
. h h l
t i hs i n n for c oi ce d i h h
s es fo r Leo n or a , w om h e w a s k eep i ng c ose ca p ti ve h l .

By i n qu ir y l
Ed m u n do ea r n ed of the c ose p rox im it of h is wife, a n d o n e l y
d a y h e m a n a g ed to i n ser t h er ri ng i n to on e of the eg g s th a t w ere to b e ta k en

b a ck to h er She g u essed t a t he w a s n ea r ; a n d , i
. h
n ord er to co m m u n i ca te

wi t hih m , s he r eq u es ted p er m i ss io n o f th e k in g to w a k wi t h er m a i d i n th e l h
g a r d en t a t w a s c o h
se b y th e i n n Sh e sa l
w E d m u n d o , a n d s m ied o n h im ; . l
b u t th e m a i d n oti ced th e g reeti n g , a n d repo r ted i t to the Su ta n The l .
90 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fo k L ore Soci
l -
ety .

l ike m os t o f hi
un tr ym en he d id n ot m a r r y a g a in b u t s pen t
s co , ,

hi s ti me i n ta ki ng ca r e of h is ch ildren The fa ther co uld n ot .

g iv e his s o n s a p r o pe r e du ca tio n b e ca u se h e w as ,p o o r ; so th e

boys grew up in ig nor a n ce a n d s upers tition They h a d n o .

con cep ti o n o f E u r o pea n cl o th es a n d s h oes Ju a n a n d P edro .

w ere h a r d w or kers b u t L uca s w as l a zy , The fa ther l oved .

hi s youn g es t so n L u ca s n ever th el ess ; b u t Ju a n a n d P ed ro h a d

,

l ittl e u se for th eir broth er The l a zy b oy u sed to r a m bl e a bo u t

.

th e for ests a n d a l on g r i ver ba nks l oo ki ng for g u a vas a n d bird s ’

-

nes ts .

O n e da y w hen L u cas w a s i
, n th e w ood s h e s a w a b oa con ,
-

s tr ictor [Ta g sa wa n g bi . tin] He kn ew th a t th i

. s r ep ti l e ca r ried
the cen tre o f i ts s tr en g th i n th e h o r ny a ppend a g e a t th e en d o f

i ts tai l L u ca s w is h ed ver y m uch to becom e s trong beca u se th e

.
,

m en of s tr en g th i n hi s ba r r i
o w er e th e m os t i nfluen tia l So he .

decided to r ob th e b oa of its ch a r m He a pproa ch ed th e s na ke

.

l ike a ca t a n d th en w ith h is s h a r p teeth b it o ff th e en d of its

,

ta i l a n d r a n a w a y w ith a ll h is m ig h t Th e b oa foll ow ed h im
, .
,

b u t co uld n ot over ta ke h i m ; for L u ca s w as a fas t r unner a n d , ,

besides th e s na ke h a d l ost its s tr eng th

, .

L u cas soon beca m e th e s tr on g es t m a n i n hi s b a rr i o He .

s u r pr ised ever y b ody w h en h e d efea ted th e m a n w h o u sed to b e

th e H er cul es o f the pl a ce .

O n e da y the ki ng issu ed a procl a m a tion : He w h o ca n g ive th e

m on a r ch a ca r r i a g e m a d e o f g o ld s h a ll h a ve th e p r i n cess for h is
”
wi fe . Wh en Ju a n a n d P ed r o h ea r d th is r oya l a nno uncem ent ,

th ey w er e ver y a n x i ou s to g et th e ca r r i a g e a n d r ecei ve th e

r ew a r d .

Ju a n w as the firs t to try h is lu ck He w en t to a neig hbor ing .

m o u n ta i n a n d beg a n to dig for g old Wh il e h e w as ea ting h is .

lunch a t n oon a n old l eper w ith h er ch ild a pproa ch ed h i

, m an d ,

h u m bly beg g ed h i m to g i ve h er so m eth i ng to ea t .

“
No th e food I h a ve h ere i
, s ju s t en o u g h fo r m e Go a w a y ! .

”
You a r e ver y d i r ty sa id Ju a n w ith d isg u st
, .

Th e w r etch ed o ld w o m a n w i th tea r s i n h er eyes l ef t th e pl a ce

, , .

After h e h a d w or ked for th r ee w eeks Ju a n beca m e d i s co u r a g ed

, ,

g a v e up h is s ch em e o f w in n in g th e p r in cess a n d r etu r n e d h o m e , .

P ed r o foll ow ed h i s br o th er b u t h e h a d n o better lu ck th a n
,

Ju a n He w as a l so unkind to th e o ld leper
. .

L u cas n ow tr i ed h i s for tun e Th e d a y a fter h i. s a rr i va l a t

th e m oun ta i n w h en he w as ea ting th e o ld w om a n a ppea red
, , ,
 Fi
lipin o P opu la r Ta les .
9 :

a n d as ked h im
to g i
ve h er so m e food L u ca s g a ve th e w om an .

h a lf o f hi
s m ea t Th e l eper th a n ked h i
m , a n d p r om i
. sed th a t

sh e ve h i
w ould g i m n ot o nly th e ca rr i
a g e m a d e o f g o ld , b u t a sol
a pa ir of s hoes , a coa t, a n d so m e tr ou sers . She th en ba d e L u ca s
g ood by
-
.

N ine d a ys pas sed , a n d yet th e wom a n h a d n o t com e L uca s .

g r ew tir ed o f w a i
tin g , a n d i
n h i
s h ea r t beg a n to a ccu se th e w o m a n

o f bei ng ung r a teful He repen ted ver y m u ch th e kindn ess h e

.

ha d s ho w n l eper F in a lly she a ppea r ed to Lu ca s a n d

th e o ld .
,

to ld h i m w h a t he h a d been th i nking a bou t h er Do n ot th i nk .

”
th a t I s h a ll n o t fulfil m y p ro m i se s h e sa id You s h a ll h a ve , .

”
th em a ll To th e g r ea t as ton i
. s h m en t o f L u cas the w o m a n ,

d isa ppea r ed a g a in Th e n ex t da y h e sa w th e g old en ca r ria g e

.

bein g d r a wn by a pa ir o f fin e fa t h orses ; a n d in th e ca r r ia g e w er e
th e s h oes th e coa t a n d th e tr o u ser s
, , Th e o ld w o m a n a ppea r ed .
,

a n d s h ow ed th e young m a n h ow to w ea r th e s h oes a n d cl oth es .

Then h e en ter ed the ca r r ia g e a n d w as d r i ven tow a r d th e

p a l a ce O
. n h i
s w a y h e m e t a m a n .

“
Who a r e you ? sa id L u ca s
”
.

I a m Runn er so n of th e g ood r unner , w as th e a n sw er , .

” “
Let u s w r estl e ! sa i d L u ca s I w a n t to tr y you r s treng th . .

I f you d efea t m e I w i ll g ive you a hund r ed pesos ; b u t if I pr ove

,

to b e th e s tr on g er yo u m u st co m e w i , th m e .

“
All r ig h t le t u s w r,es tl e !
”
s a id R unn er T h e s tr u gg l e l as te d .

fo r ten m i nu tes a n d L u ca s w as the victor Th ey d ro ve o n

, . .

Th ey m et a no th er m a n Wh en L u ca s a s ked him w ho h e w a s
.
,
“ ”
th e m a n sa i d I a m Sh a r psh ooter son o f th e fa m ou s s h ooter
, , .

L u ca s w r es tl ed w i th th i s m a n too a n d over ca m e h i m beca u se ,

of h i s s uper hu m a n s tr en g th So Sh a r ps h oo ter w en t a long w i

. th
L u ca s a n d R unn er .

Soo n th ey ca m e up to a no th er m a n Wh a t is you r na m e ? .

sa i d L u ca s .

My n a m e is F a rs ig h t I a m son o f th e g r ea t Sh a r p Eyes.
-
.

Lu ca s pr o posed a w r es tl i n g m a tch w i th F a r s ig h t w h-
o w a s ,

co nqu er ed a n d so o bl i
, g ed t o g o a l o n g w ith t h e o th e r t h r ee .

“
L a s t o f a ll th e p a r ty m et B low er
, son o f th e g r ea t bl o w er , .

He l i kew ise beca m e on e of th e ser va n ts o f L u cas .

Wh en L u ca s rea ch ed th e pa la ce h e a ppea r ed befo re th e king , ,

an d i n ter m s o f g rea t s ub m i ss i on h e to ld th e m on a r ch th a t h e

h a d com e for two rea son s first to p resen t h is Ma j es ty w ith

, ,

th e g old en ca r r i a g e ; seco nd to r ecei ve th e r ew a r d w h i , ch h i s

Ma j esty h a d prom ised .

92 Mem oirs of the Am er i
ca n F ol k L or e Soci
ety -
.

Th e ki
ng sa i I w ill let you m a rr y m y d a ug h ter provid ed
d ,

th a t you ca n m o re qu i ckly th a n m y m es seng er b r i ng to m e a

bottl e o f th e w a ter th a t g ives you th a n d hea l th to ever y on e .

"
It i s found a t th e foo t o f th e seven th m o un ta i n fro m th is on e ,

h e sa i d poin ting to th e m o un ta in n ea r est to th e im per ia l city

, .

" “
B u t h er e i s a no th er pr ovi sion con ti nu ed th e king : if you
,
”
a ccep t th e ch a ll en g e a n d a r e d efea ted you a r e to l ose you r h ea d , .

“ "
I w ill tr y 0 king ! r es pond ed L u cas sorr owfully
, .

The ki ng th en or der ed h is m esseng er a g ia n t to fetch a bottl e , ,

o f th e p reci ou s w a ter L u cas ba d e the m on arch g ood b y a n d

.
-
,

th en r etu r n ed to h i s fou r fr i end s Runner son o f the g ood .

,

r u nn er h as ten to th e s even th m o un ta i
, n a n d g et m e a bottl e of
"
th e w a ter th a t g i ves you th a n d h ea l th !

Runn er ra n w ith a ll h is m ig h t a n d ca u g h t U p w ith th e g ia n t ; ,

b u t the g i a n t secr etly p u t a g o ld r i ng in Runn er s bottl e to m a ke ’

hi m s l eep .Two d a ys pa ssed b u t R unn er h a d n ot yet a r r i

, ved .

Then L u ca s cr i ed
“
F a rs ig
, h t so n o f t h e g r e a t
, S h a r p E yes s ee -
,

a n t a n d R unn er a r e !
"
w her e th e g i
Th e fa ithful ser va n t loo ked a n d h e sa w R unn er s leepi , ng a n d ,

th e g i a n t ver y n ea r the ci ty Wh en h e h a d been told th e sta te

.

o f a ffa irs L u cas ca ll ed B l ow er a n d or der ed h i

, m to bl ow th e
,

i n b k T h k in n i d h i h h
’

g a t a c . e g s m e sse g er w a s c a r r e t o t e e g t
m o un ta i n .

Th en L uca s sa i d Sh a r ps h ooter son of th e fa m ou s s h ooter

, , ,

s h oo t th e h ea d o f th e bo ttl e so th a t R unn er w i
"
ll w a ke up !
Th e m a n s h ot s kilfully ; R unn er ju m ped to h i s fee t ra n a n d g ot ,

th e pr eci o u s w a ter a n d a r ri, ved i n th e ci ty i n twel ve h ou rs .

Lu ca s pr esen ted th e w a ter to th e ki ng an d the m ona r ch w a s ,

o bl ig ed t o a c c ep t th e y o u n g m a n as h is so n in la w - -
.

Th e w edd i ng d a y w as a tim e o f g r ea t r ej oicing Ever yb ody

-
.

w as en thu si a s tic a bo u t L u cas ex cep t th e ki ng The th ir d d a y .

a fter the nup ti a l s th e g i a n t r ea ch ed th e p al a ce

, He s a i d th a t .

h e w as ver y n ea r the ci ty w h en a h ea vy w i nd bl ew him ba ck to

th e ei g h t h m o un t a in .

‘
( )
b JUAN AND H I S six CO MPAN IO N S .

Not ver y l ong fter th e dea th of ou r Sa viou r on Ca lva r y th ere

a ,

lived i n a fa r a w a y l a n d a pow er ful ki

-
ng na m ed J a im e B y .

j ud iciou s u su r pa tion s a n d m a trim onia l a ll ia n ces th is wise ,

Na rra ted by Vicen te M Hila rio a Tag a log from B a ta ng as w ho hea rd th e sto ry from
. . .

a n ol d w om a n from B a la ya n .
94 Mem oirs of the America n Folk L ore Soci
-
ety .

se lfis h P edr o tu r ned a dea f ea r to th e suppl ica tions of th e old

m a n w ho m h e pu s h ed a w a y wi
, th m u ch d i sr es pect I g nor a n t .

of h i s doo m a n d reg a r dl ess o f h i

, s i r reveren ce P ed r o w al ked ,

on w i th h a s ty s teps a n d h i g h a n im a l s p i
r i
ts B u t lo ! w h e n h i
s .

a x e s tr u ck the o a k a l a r g e p i ece of w ood bro ke O H a n d h i

, t hi m
in the r i g h t te m pl e k ill n
i g h i
m in s ta
, n tly .

Fer n a ndo s u ffered th e sa m e fa te a s h i s h a u g h ty b ro th er .

Ju a n a l one rem a in ed He w as the des tin ed possessor of th e

.

eg g a n d th e conqu eror of Ki ng J a im e Ju a n s piety s im pl icity ’

.
, , ,

a n d g ood ness h a d w on fo r h i m th e g ood w i ll o f m a ny person s -

of d i s tinction Af ter invoking God s h elp h e set sa il for the ’

.
,

m oun ta i n w h er e h e sa fely a r r ived a t noon He m et th e sa m e

, .

o ld m an a n d h e b a th ed d ressed a n d fed h i
, m The old m a n
, , .

“
th a nked Ju a n a n d sa i d , You s h a ll b e a m ply r equ i , ted an d ,

im m ed i a tely d i sa ppea r ed With on e stroke o f h is a x e Ju a n .

broke the oa k in two ; a n d in a circul a r h ol e l ined w ith dow n he

found the g olden egg In th e a fter noo n h e w en t to King .

J a im e to w h om h e presen ted the m u ch coveted eg g

,
-
.

B u t th e s h r ew d a n d s u ccess ful m on a r ch di d n o t w a n t to h a ve
“ "
a r u s ti c son i n la w -
You s h a ll n ot m a r r y m y d a u g h ter
-
. ,

“ ”
h e sa i d unl ess you bring m e a g old en s h ip
, .

Th e n ex t m or n i ng Ju a n ver y d iscon sol a te w en t to th e , ,

m oun ta i n a g a in Th e o ld m a n a ppea r ed to him an d sa id

.
, ,
“ ”
Why a r e you dej ected m y so n ? ,

Ju a n r el a ted ever yth ing th a t h a d h a ppened .

Dr y you r eyes a n d l i sten to m e sa id th e old m a n No t , .

ver y fa r fro m th i s pl a ce yo u w i ll find your s h ip a ll s plend idly

”
equ i pped Go th er e a t on ce !
.

Th e o ld m a n d i sa ppea red a n d Ju a n r a n w i th a ll poss i ,ble

s peed to w h er e th e s h i p w as l ying He w en t on deck a n d a .
,

few m i nu tes l a ter th e sh ip beg a n to m ove s m oo thly over s tu m ps

an d s to n es .

Wh il e h e w as thu s tr a vell ing a l ong Ju a n a ll of a sudd en sa w ,

a m a n r unn i n g a r o u n d th e m o un ta i n in l ess th a n a m inu te .

“ ”
Co r r in Corr on son of th e g rea t r unner ! s hou ted Ju a n
l
, ,
”
w h a t a r e you do i Th e m a n s to pped a n d s a i d I m ta k '
ng ? , ,

in g m y da i ly ex er cise .

Never m ind th a t ! sa id Ju a n com e up here a n d rest !

” ”
,

An d Cor r i n Cor ro n r ea d ily a ccepted th e o ffer .

P retty soon Ju a n sa w a noth er m a n sta nd i ng on the su m m it o f

F r om th e Sp a n i
sh corr edor
 Fi no P opu la r Ta les
lipi .
95

a hi
g h h ill an d g az i g n in ten tly a t s om e d ista n t o bj ect . Mir in
M ir on ,
l
son o f th e g rea t F a r s i h
g t!
”
sa i
d Ju a n w h a t , a re yo u

do ing ?
“
I m w a tch i
’
ng a g a m e o f tu bi
g a n s eve n m i
l es a wa y , an

sw er ed th e o th er .

Never m i
nd ! ”
sa i
d Ju a n com e up h er e a n d ea t w ith m e ! ,
”

An d Mi ri n Miron g l a d ly w en t on deck .

After a w h i le Ju a n sa w a hun ter w ith g u n levell ed P u n tin .

P u n ton so n o f th e g r ea t Su r esh ot ! sa i
’
, d Ju a n w h a t ar e you ,
”
do i ng ?
“
Thr ee m i l es a w a y th ere is a b a t fl y a nno ying a s heep I -
.

”
w a n t to ki ll th a t in sect .

”
L et th e cr ea tu r e g o sa i d Ju a n a n d com e w ith m e !
, An d ,

P u n ti n P u n ton too j oi ned the pa r ty , , .

No t l on g a fter Ju a n s a w a m a n ca r r yi , ng a m ounta in on h is
s h o uld ers
“
Ca r g u in Ga rg on
.
‘ so n o f th e g r ea t Str o n g B a ck !
”
-
,
“ ”
s h o u ted Ju a n w h a t a r e you d oi
, ng ?
“
I m g oi
’
ng to ca r r y th is m ounta in to th e oth er s id e of th e
”
cou n tr y to bu i ld a da m a cr oss th e r iver sa id th e m a n , .

” “
Don t ex er t yourself so m u ch sa id Ju a n
’
C om e up h ere , .

a n d ta k e so m e r efr esh m en t Th e br a w ny ca r r i er th r ew a s i de
hi s lo a d ; a n d a s th e m o un ta i ,n h it th e g r ound th e w hol e king dom ,

w a s s h a ken so vi ol en tly th a t th e i nh a bita n ts th oug h t th a t a ll

th e v o l ca n oes h a d s i m ul ta n eo u s ly bu rs t i n to er up tion .

B y a n d by th e sh i p ca m e to a pl a ce w h er e Ju a n sa w young
flou r is h ing tr ees fa ll ing to th e g r ound w ith br a n ch es tw isted ,
“ ”
a n d bro ken Fr i end s .sa i d Ju a n is a stor m blow ing ?, ,
”
No si r ! , a n s w er ed th e sa i l or s a m a zed a t the s ig h t , .

M a s ter Ju a n s hou ted Mir in Miro n s itting on th e su m

”
, ,
”
mi t o f yond er m oun ta i n poin ting to a pea k th r ee m iles a w a y
, ,
“ ”
is a m an bl ow i ng w ith a ll h is m ig h t .

“ ”
He i s a n a u g h ty fell ow m u tter ed Ju a n to h i m self ; he
,

wi ll d es tr oy a ll th e lu m ber tr ees i n th is r eg i
on i f w e do n ot sto p
-

”
hi m . P r etty soo n Ju a n h i m self s a w th e m i sch ievo u s m a n ,
“
a n d sa i d Sopl in Sop lo n son of th e g r ea t B l a st B low er w h a t
IS -
, , ,
”
a re you do i ng ?
F ro m th e Spa n i
sh m i
r ador ( seer . g a zer
A Tag a log b oys ’
n th e str eets . w i
g a m e p la yed i n es m a r ed
th l i k ofl
’

by wa ter ( tu big) .

From th e Spa n i
s h pu n todor

sh
F rom the Spa n i ca r g ador

From th e Spa n i
sh sopla dor ven ti
la tor , bl ower
 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n Folk L ore Soci
ety -
.

O h , I m j us t ex er ci
sin g m y lung s an d tr u m peter s m u scl es ,
’ ’

ed th e o th er
r epl i .

”
C o m e a l o ng w ith u s ! After blo w ing dow n a lon g l in e o f
tr ees l i ke g r a in befor e a hu r rica ne Sopl in Sop lon w en t on ,

boa r d .

As th e s h i p nea r ed th e ca pita l , Ju an sa w a m an lying on a

“
b ed of r u s h es w i th h is ea r to th e g r ound
, Wh a t a re yo u .

”
doi n g fr iend ?
, sa id J uan .

I m li
’
ng to th e pl a in tive s tra ins of a yo ung m a n m o u rn
s ten i

in g over th e g r a ve o f h is d ecea s ed sw eeth ea r t, a n d to th e to uch

”
in g l ove d i tties of a m oons tr u ck l over ,
-
a n sw er ed th e m an .

”
Wh ere a r e th ose tw o m en ? a s ked Ju an .

”
Th ey a re i n a ci ty tw el ve m i les a w a y , sa id th e oth er .

Never m in d O ir in O ir on son o f th e gr ea t Hea r All sa id

l
,
-
,

Co m e up a n d r es t o n a m ore com for ta bl e b ed ! My

“
Ju a n .

”
d iva n s s uper a bound Wh en O i rin Oi r on w a s o n boa r d Ju a n
. ,

“ ”
sa id to th e h el m s m a n To th e ca pita l ! ,

In th e even i n g th e m a g n ificen t s h ip w ith sa ils of s ilk a n d ,

d a m as k m as ts of g old h ea vily studded w ith r a re g em s a n d

, ,

cover ed w i th th i ck pl a tes o f g o ld a n d s i l ver , a rrived a t the

p a l a ce g a te .

Ea r ly in th e m or ning Kin g J a im e r eceived Ju a n b u t th is ,

ti m e m ore co ldly a n d a rr og a n tly th a n ever Th e pr i nces s .

ba th ed befor e br ea k of d a y With ch eeks s u fl u sed w ith th e .

r os y ti n t of th e m or n ing g olden tr esses h a ng ing in bea u tiful

,

cu r l s over h er w h i ca te a s those o f a
te s h ould ers h a nd s a s d el i ,

n ew bor n b a be eyes m err i

-
er th a n th e hu m m i
, ng bird a n d d r essed -
,

in a ri ch o u ter g a r m en t d i ng h er l ovely fig u r e a t its best

s pl a yi ,

sh e s tood bes i d e th e th r one Such w a s th e a ppea ra nce o f th i. s

lovely m or ta l w ho ki ndl ed a n inex ting u is h a bl e fla m e in the

,

h ea r t o f Ju a n .

After dofl in g h i s bonn et a n d bow i ng to th e king Ju an sa id , ,

Will yo u g ive m e th e h a nd of your d a ug h ter ? Ever ybody

presen t w a s a m a zed The pr in cess s fa ce w a s s u ccess ivel y
.
’

pa l e a n d r osy Ju a n im m ed ia tely unders tood her h ea r t a s

.

h e s tood g a z i n g a t h er .

“
Never ! sa id th e king a fter a few m inutes
”
Yo u s h a l l .

”
n ever h a ve m y d a ug h ter .

‘
3
F rom the Spa n is h oidor C h ea rsr -
Th ese s i
x p rop er na m es are ven h ere
gi en ctl y

as n th e ori
th ey a ppea r i gin a l na rr a ti
ve . Strictl y s pea i k
n g . th ey are n ot der i
va ti
ves from
s h : th e
th e Spa n i y m ere l y sugg est th e sh w or ds fr om w hi
Spa n i ch th ey ha ve been coi ned as

p tr on ym i
cs .
98 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk L ore Soci
ety -
.

KI NG PALMAR I N ‘
( ) c THE STO R Y or .

(NO TE . W h ile follow in g

y is n ot s tr ictly spea k in g a
th e s tor , ,

fol k ta le s in ce it is a n a tive stu den t s close pa r a p hras e of a P a m pa n g o

-
,
’

cor rido or m etr i

, ca l rom a n ce i ti s typ i ca lly F i l ip in o in m a n y res pects
, ,

an d i s closely con n ected w i th th e tw o foregoi n g fol k ta les More - .

over i ,t p r es en ts si g n i fica n t f ea tu r es l a ck i
n g i
n th e o th er s t or ie s As .

iti s too lon g to b e r eleg a ted to th e n otes I ta k e th e li ber ty of pr in tin g ,

it here i n fu ll My j u stifica tion is th e fa ct tha t a fter a ll sa ga s or

.
, , ,

p r i
n ted fo l k ta l es a r e o -
n ly th e cr y s t
,a ll i
zed sou r ce s p r o d u c ts as ,

th e ca se m a y b e o f fo l k ta les ] -
.

Long , long a g o th e king dom o f Ma rsell a w a s r uled over by

,

th e w or th y Ki ng P a l m a r in a n d h is w ife I sb er ta Th ey w ere .

a tten ti ve to th ei r du ty an d ki nd to th eir s ubj ects w hose l ove

, ,

th ey w on All Ma rsell a a d m i
. r ed the g oodn ess a n d g en ero s i ty
o f th e ki ng To w h a tever h e w a n ted h is counsellors a gr eed ;
. ,

a n d beca u se o f h i s g ood j udg m en t h i s rei g n w a s p ea c e ful , .

Ti m e ca m e w h en th e qu een g a ve b i r th to a ch i ld Th e w hol e .

king dom r ej o iced a n d a g r ea t fea s t w a s pr epa r ed

, Let the .

feas t la s t s i x m on th s sa id Z etn a en ch ief a d viser Th e n ew

, , .

ba by w a s a g ir l of peer l ess bea u ty Th e h oly bis h o p w a s .

s u m m on ed to b a p ti ze th e ch i ld As th e Virg in Ma r y w a s the .

pa tr on sa in t of th e king a n d qu een th ey as ked th e w or thy p rel ,

a te to n a m e th e l i ttl e p r in cess Ma r ia ; a n d so sh e w a s n a m ed .

O n e da y th e ki ng w en t to hun t in th e m o un ta ins Th ere .

w a s n o for es t or ca ve th a t th e p a r ty di d n ot vi sit All th e .

a ni m a ls i n th e m oun ta i n s w er e th r ow n in to confu s ion w h en th ey

h ea r d th e g r ea t noise B ear s tig er s a n d l ion s ca m e ou t of .
, ,

th ei r d en s As s oo n a s th ese w i
. ld beas ts r ea ched th e pl a i n ,

th ey beg a n to pu rs u e th e ki ng a n d h is m en Th e noise a n d .

confu s i o n ca nn ot b e i m agi ned B y th e h elp of God th e king .

,

a n d hi s m en p u t to fl i g h t th eir s a va g e f oes ; a n d w h e n th e c h a s e

w a s end ed n obody h a d been hu r t

, After th e hun ters h a d been .

g a th er e d t o g et h er by th e so und o f t h e t r u m p et th ey a l l ret u r n ed ,

h o m e th a n kful th a t n o on e h a d been i
, nju r ed Th e king ho w .
,

ever h a d un w i
, tti n g ly l os t h is fa vor i te r el iqu a r y .

Wh en King P a l m a r in r ea ch ed Ma rsell a a n d d iscover ed th a t

hi s l ocket w a s m i ss ing h e a t on ce sen t m a n y o f h is sold ier s ba ck
,

to l ook for i t Th ey sea r ch ed a ll pa r ts o f th e m oun ta in a n d

.

even th e va ll ey At l a st th ey r etur n ed to th e ca p i
. ta l a n d sa i d ,

to the ki ng We w hom you r Ma j es ty com m a nded to loo k for

“
, ,

l P a a p h ra sed from th e ver a c l

r by A asta cia Vill ga s of Ara ya t Pa m pa n ga
n u ar n e . .
 li
Fi pin o P opu la r Ta les .
99

th e rel iqu a r y h a ve com e to tell you th a t a fter a th or ou g h sea r ch

, ,

thr ou g h th e en ti re for es t a n d va ll ey w e h a ve n ot been a bl e to ,

fin d i t . Th e king w a s ver y sa d to h ea r th i s r epor t ; b u t h e

k ept h i s so rr o w to h i m self a n d d i d n ot r evea l h i , s h ea r t to h i s

cou n sellors He g ri
. eved n o t beca u se o f th e va lu e of th e r el i
,

q u ar y ,b u t b e ca u se it h a d b een h a nd ed d o w n t o him by h is

fa th er w h ose w i
, ll a n d r ecom m enda tions it con ta in ed .

As ti m e w en t on th e ki n g forg ot h is los t r el iqu a r y He

, .

cea s ed loo ki n g for i t Hi s d a u g h ter th e pr i

. n cess w a s n ow g r own
up . Sh e w a s bea u ti ful h a ppy ; g ood na tu red a n d m od es t
,
-
, .

Those w ho sa w h er sa i d th a t she w a s n ot infer ior even to E l sa ,

J u dith or Ann e B ol eyn Now th e king w is h ed h is d a ug h ter to

, .
,

m a r r y so th a t th er e m i
, g h t b e so m e on e t o inh er it h is t h r o n e

w h en h e d i ed He m a d e h i
. s d es ir e k n ow n to h i s coun sell ors .

H e told th em th a t i f th ey a g r eed h e w ould i

, ss u e p r ocl a m a ti on s ,

th r o u g h ou t th e w h ol e ki ng d om a n d th e neig hboring cities tow n s , ,

a n d vi ll a g es Wh il e th is m eetin g w ith h is council w as g oing

.

o n th e ki
, ng s tood up to pow d er h is fa ce He took h is pow d er .

ca se ou t of h i s pocket ; b u t w h en h e o pen ed i t th er e i n s ide he ,

fo und to h i, s s u r pr i se a tu m a
1
He could n ot im a g i
, n e h ow th is
.

ti ny i n sect h a d g ot in to h is b ox to ea t th e pow d er Feeling .

v er y m u ch a s h a m ed h e d i d n ot pow d er h i
, s fa ce : h e m er el y

clos ed th e b ox The m eeting w a s a dj ou r n ed w ith ou t bei

. ng
fin i s h ed ; for w h en th e ki ng stood up th e coun sellors rose from ,

th ei r sea ts a n d s i l en tly l eft th e r oom .

Th e ki ng retired to h is r oom a n d o pened h is pow der cas e to ,

-

loo k a t th e tu m a a g a i n He w a s th or oug hly a s ton is hed to find

.

th a t w h a t h a d been b u t a ti ny in sect a m om en t befor e n ow fill ed

th e w h o l e b ox He w as i . ndeed per plex ed ; so h e con sul ted God .

Th en i t ca m e to h i s m i nd to ta ke th e tu m a fr om th e b ox a n d pl a ce
iti n th e cell a r o f th e pa l a ce .

Af ter th ree d a ys th e ki ng found th a t a m ir a cl e h a d h a ppen ed .

Th e cell a r w a s filled w i th th e tu m a He w a s n o t a l ittl e s u r .

“
p r is ed . H e s a i
d to h im se lf Wh a t a w o nd e r ful a,n im a l i t is !
I n th ree d a ys i t h a s g r ow n to s u ch a n en or m ou s s i ze ! If I
”
let i t li ve I fea r th a t i
, t wi ll d es tr oy th e w h ol e king dom .

“
Th en h e h ear d a voi ce sa yi ng You n eed n ot fea r for th e , ,

tu m a yo u no u r i s h s h a ll n o t p r odu ce b a d fr u i t Bu t i f yo u let .

it li ve i , t wi ll h a ve a long l ife a n d w ill fill a ll of Ma r s ell a w ith ,

its hug e body Li s ten to m e a n d o bey w h a t I tell you !

. , Let the
T m 1 3 9 1 3 Pa m pa g a a d M la ya n fo
r u . 0 , lou se n n . n a r
 Mem oirs of the A m er i
ca n Fol k L ore Soci
ety -
.

tu m a b e killed . a ll i
fles h b u t sa ve its s kin U se
B ur n ts , .

th e s kin for th e co vers o f a d r u m Wh en you h a ve done a ll .

th ese th i ng s w r ite to a ll your n eig hbor ing king dom s a n d b et

,

wi th th em Let th em g uess th e ki
. nd o f s kin o u t of w h ich th e
h ea ds of th e d r u m ar e m a de If you w ill b u t o bey m e a n d.
,

ta ke ca r e n ot to let a n y on e k now w h a t I h a ve to ld yo u you ,

”
wi ll becom e ver y r ich Th en th e voi ce cea s ed
. .

Th e king co m pr eh ended w ell a ll th a t the voi ce h a d told

hi m : so h e ca ll ed h i s N eg r o ser va n t a n d led h i m secr etl y i n to ,

hi s r oom Th e ki
. ng th en sa id so ftly Let n o on e k now of ,

th e secret th a t I a m to d i scl ose to you a n d you s h a ll p r o fi t by i t , .

I h a ve a tu m a w h ich a cciden ta lly g o t in to m y pow d er ca se -

.

O n e d a y I p u t th e i n sect in to the cell ar w here it h a s g r ow n to ,

a n en or m o u s s i ze Now m y co m m a nd to you i
.
, s to ki ll the
tu m a bu r n a ll i
, ts fl es h a n d cl ea n i ts s ki n Then h a ve th e sk in
, .

m a de i n to a d r u m Wh en everyth ing is don e per fectly I w ill

.
,
”
r ep a y yo u .

Accor d i ng ly th e Neg r o ser va n t killed th e tu m a He fo ll owed .

mi nu tely th e king s d ir ection s When the d r u m w as fin is hed

’
.
,

h e pr esen ted i t to th e ki ng In s tea d of receiving th e p rom ised

.

r ew a r d h ow ever th e poor N eg r o w a s in sta n tly p u t to d ea th

, , ,

fo r th e ki n g fea r ed th a t h e m i g h t b etr a y th e secr et .

Ki ng P a l m a r in th en s u m m on ed a ll h is coun sellor s He sa id .

“
to th em I w a n t you to s prea d th e new s of m y desir e
, Ta ki ng .

“
o u t th e d r u m a n d pu tti ng i t on th e ta ble h e con ti nued : Let ,

a ll th e vi ll a g es cities a n d king d om s kn ow o f th e w a g er An y
, , .

o n e w h o ca n g u ess of w h a t s ki n th e covers o f th is d r u m a re m a de ,

b e h e ri ch or poo r i f he i s un m a rr i
, ed h e s h a ll b e m y son i n la w ,
- -
.

But i f h e fa i l s to g uess a r ig h t h is pr o per ty s h a ll b e for feited to

,

”
th e cr ow n i f he i s ri ch ; h e s h a ll l ose h i s h ea d i f he i s poo r .

Th e coun sell ors pr ocl a i m ed th e ed i ct Ma ny r ich n obl es .

,

lo r d s p r i
, n ces a n d k n ig h ts hea rd of it All th ose w h o ven tu red
, .

l os t th eir for tune for they could n ot g uess w h a t the d r u m w a s

,

m a de of So th e ki
. n g g a in ed m uch w ea l th Am ong th em th ere .

w as on e pa r ti cul a r ly r i ch w h o d ecl ar ed to th e ki , ng h is g r ea t
d es ir e to w in th e p rin cess s h a n d King P a l m a rin sa id to th i ’
. s

kn ig h t “
, Ex a m ine the dr u m ca refully After l ooki ng a t it .

“ ”
cl osely h e sa i
, d Th is d r u m is m a d e o f s heep s h ide
, Your
’
.

” “
o b ser va ti on h a s d ecei ved you sa i d the king Now a ll th e
, .

i“
v ea lth y o u h a ve b r o u g h t w ith y o u s h a ll b e m i
”
n e .

Wh a t ca n I do if for tu n e tu r n s a g a ins t m e ? sa id th e k ni g h t .
1 02 Mem oirs of the A m er i
ca n Folk Lor e Soci
ety -
.

n ot lea ve h im un til you ca ll them ba ck for th ere a r e m a n y ,

”
ser i o u s d a n g ers o n h i s wa y Th e a ng el w en t on h i s erra nd
. .

He sel ected si x so ul s a n d told th em to r etu r n to th e w or ld to

,

h elp Don Ju an Th e s p i
. rits wer e g l a d to g o for th ey l o ng ed to ,

r ep a y th ei r ben efa ctor .

Don Ju a n w a s n ow on h i s j o u r n ey As h e r od e a long th e .
,

bir ds in th e forest san g to cheer h im so th a t th e long j o u r ney ,

mi g h t n o t tir e him B y a n d by h .e s a w a m a n i
n th e m i
ddl e o f
th e for est lyi , ng on h i s fa ce G r a ndpa w h a t a re you doi . ng ,
”
th er e ? sa i d Ju a n .

“
I a m obser ving the w or ld Ar e you n ot a n o blem a n ? .

”
Wh ith er a r e you bound ?
To Ma r sell a r epl i
”
ed Do n J u an
, .

To b et ? If th a t i s yo u r pu r pose you a r e s u re to lose for , ,

”
it i s cer ta i n th a t you ca nnot g u es s of w h a t th e dr u m is m a d e ,

in terr up ted the m a n .

“ ”
I en tr ea t you to tell m e th e r ig h t a n swer if you k now it , ,

sa id Don Ju a n .

“
I w ill n ot only tell it to you b u t I w ill a l so a cco m pan y you , .

Th a t i s w h y I a m h er e I w a s w a iting for you to p a ss sa id

.
,

th e m an .

“
G r a ndpa , I m a s ton i s h ed You m u s t b e a pr o phet
’
. .

You a r e r ig h t I a m th e
. sa g e p r o ph e t N oet N c en ,
l
w h o w i
ll
”
g o w ith you t o K i
n g P a l m a r i
n .

“
I a pp recia te you r h elp a n d a m g r a teful to you , g r a ndpa ,
”
sa id Don Ju a n You h a d better r i
. d e o n on e o f th e h or ses .

Noet Noen an d Do n Ju a n ro de on tog eth er . Th e pr o phet

th en l
r e a ted to Ju a n th e w h o le s tor y of th e tu m a th a t h a d g ot
in to th e powd er case of th e king Wh ile th e two tr a veller s
-
.

w er e ta lki ng th ey sa w a m a n s itting under a tr ee As it w a s

, .

ver y h o t th ey d i
, s m o un ted so th a t th ei r h orses m ig h t r es t D o n .

Ju a n w a s su r pr ised a t th e s tr a ng er He w a s w h is tl ing ; an d .

ever y ti m e he w h i s tl ed th e w i nd bl ew s trong so th a t th e trees

, ,

in th e for es t w er e br o ken o fl Th i s m a n w as Supl a Su p li ng .

,

a com p a n i o n a n d fr i end o f N oet N oen .

“
Supl a Su p li n g w h y a re yo u h er e ?
,
”
d N oet Noen
sa i .

”
To fo ll ow you w a s th e r eply
, .

”
I f th a t is you r d es ire sa id Don Ju a n yo u w ,ill pl ea se ,
”
m oun t on e o f th e h orses So th e th r ee m en w en t on th ei
. r

P er ha ps fro m th e Spa n is h cono cer to n ow . u n k d ers ta n d F or th e na m es of th e

oth er co m pa n ions . see footn otes to th e p rece i
n g ta le d .
 Fi
lipin o P opu la r Ta les . 1 03

j ou rn e y . They h a d n ot g o ne fa r w h en th ey m et a m a n w a lki
ng
a lo e.
n Noet Noen sa id to h im Wh a t a r e you h ere for ? Co m e ,
“

s m an w a s Mi ra n Mi
”
a lo ng w i th u s ! Th i r on w ho h a d a ,

w on d er fu lly lou d voi ce Wh en he s houted h i s so und w a s m ore

.
,

son o rou s th a n th u nder He a l so h a d ver y keen s i

.
g h t H e .

cou ld see clea r ly an o bj ect th ou g h i t w ere cover ed w i th a

,

cover a h u n d red y a r d s th i
ck .

Wh en the four tr a vellers h a d gone a l ittle fa r ther th ey sa w a ,

m an w a lk i ng s w iftly on on e leg Th ey s pur red up th eir h orses .

to over ta ke h i m but i n va in At l a s t Noet Noen sa id

,
“
I . ,

th in k th a t is m y fr iend C u ra n C u r i
ng so th er e is l ittl e hope o f ,
”
ou r ca tchi
ng hi m .

“
Let m e ca l l hi
”
d Mir an Mi
m ! sa i r o n , a n d h e s h ou ted .

Wh en C u r an C ur ing hea rd th e voice , h e s topped , so th ey

rea ch ed h im Mira n Miron sa id to him , You a re in a g rea t
.

h u rr y .Wher e a re you g oing ?

“
Yo u kn ow th a t I ca nno t s to p m y feet w hen I w a lk , sa i d
C ur a n C u r i ng .

“
Why d o you hold up on e o f you r leg s a s if it w ere in pa in ?
sai d Don Ju a n .

“
Do n o t b e su r pr i sed a t m y w a lki ng on on e foot ; for , if I
s hou ld let loose th e o th er on e, I s h ould w a lk s tr a i g h t o u t o f th e

w or ld .

Wil l you j oin u s , C u ra n Cu r ing ? s a id Noet Noen .

O h , yes ! Let m e h a ve a horse ! If I s h o uld w a lk yo u ,

mi g h t l os e m e on a cco un t o f m y s peed r e pl i
ed C u r a n C u r i
n g , .

So th e five a dven tu r ers w en t o n tog eth er As i t soo n g r ew ver y .

w ar m , th ey sto pped to r es t und er a tr ee .

Th en th ey sa w a w o und ed d eer com i ng tow a r d them As .

th ey w ere hung r y th ey ki ll ed it a n d cooked it Wh il e th ey

, .

“
w ere ea ti n g , the h un ter P u n ta P u n tin g ca m e He sa id H a ve .
,
”
y ou see n a w o u nd ed d ee r ?
“
O h , yes ! h ere i t is We a re ea tin g it a lrea dy , sa id Supl a
.

“ ”
Su p ling, for w e a r e ver y hung r y .

“ ’
I m g l a d th a t the d eer I w ound ed r el i eves you r hun g er ,
“
sa id P un ta P un tin g Wh a t a r e you a ll doing h ere ? Wh ere
.

”
a re yo u g oi ng ? Why d on t you ta ke m e w ith you ?
’

“
I f th a t i s your w i s h w e a r e ver y g l a d to h a ve you ,
,

Don Ju a n .

Th e littl e pa r ty r od e on b u t s udd enly s to pped ; for , un ta in a mo

w as wa lk i
n g to w a r d th em . As i
t a ppr oa ch ed th ey sa w th a t
,
104 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk L ore Soci
ety -
.

a ng the m oun ta in
m an w as ca rr yi l ittl e
. Don Ju an w as n ot a
“
s u r pr i
sed a t th i s a s ton i shi ng fea t of s tr eng th Wh ere h a ve .

y o u b ee n C a r g u,en C ar g o n ? Wh er e d id y o u g e t th a t m o un
ta i n ? sa id Noet Noen
”
.

“
I took it fro m beh ind the chu rch o f C a nda ba for I wa n t to ,

tra n s fer i t h ere w h er e th e l a nd i

, s l evel Th i s m o un ta i n is .

n ot fi tted for C a nd a b a ; for th e n a ti ri

‘

ve s ch or poor bu i ld th eir , ,

ho u ses ou t of w ood even th e poores t w ho ca nno t a ffo r d s u ch

, ,

lu x u r y Th ey desol a te i
. ts for es ts for th ey cu t d ow n even th e ,
”
young tr ees Th en w i
. th a g r ea t thund er C a r g u en C a r g on
d ro pped h i s bu r d en o n th e l a nd of Ar a ya t ju s t beh i nd th e ,

chu r ch O n a ccoun t o f i
. ts i m m en se s i ze th i s m oun ta i n r ea ch ed ,

cl ea r to de la P a z Th e sl o pes rea ch ed Ca l u m pi
. t an d i ts bas e ,

was i n vi ew of Apa l i t Thu s we see th a t Mo un t Al a ya (Ar a ya t)

.

h a s com e fr om C a nd a ba Th e or i g in a l s ite o
. f t h is m o un t a i
n

beca m e a r iver sw a m ps a n d br ooks Now Ca n da ba h a s m an y

, , .

pond s .

“
Fr iend I en tr ea t you to co m e w i
,
”
th u s ! sa i d Noet Noen .

I s h a ll b e g l a d to g o with you if I sh a ll only h a ve th e op ,

”
p o r tu n ity o f se r vin g y o u w ith m y s tr en g th re pl i
e d C a r g u e n ,

Ga rg on .

Now th e l i ttl e b a nd of seven tr a vell ed on Wh en th ey ca m e .

n ea r th e g a tes o f Ma rsell a N oet N oen said Let u s r es t h ere

“
, ,
”
first ! Th er e th ey h i r ed a h ou se w h er e th ey s ta i d a t th e ex
,

pen se o f Don Ju a n .

The nex t m or n i n g Do n Ju a n m a de h im self r ea dy to g o on

a l on e. Lea d i ng h is h orses h e w a s a bou t to s ta r t for th e pa l a ce
, ,

w h en Noet N oen ca ll ed to h i
“
m a n d sa i d B e su r e n ot to forg et
, ,

th e n a m e o f th e s ki n I told you Pu t i t i n th e d ep th s of you r

.

”
h ea r t.

“
H a ve n o fea r th a t I s h a ll forg et sa id Don Ju a n , .

F u r th er m or e Don Ju a n I w a n t you to under ta ke to do

, ,

w ha tever the ki ng m a y a s k of you Do n ot refu se No m a tter . .

h ow h a r d th e tas k th e ki ng m a y im po se o n you do n ot h es ita te ,

to u nd er ta ke i t ; for G od Al m i h
g y t is ever m e r ciful a n d w i
ll ,

h elp you If th e king r eq u ir es you to do a nyth ing ju st com e

.
,

ba ck h er e a n d let m e know of it Now yo u m a y g o Ta ke . .

cou r a g e for G od l oves a perso n w h o su fl ers

,
d Noet N oen
sa i , .

“ ”
Good b y to ever y on e of you ! sa i
-
d Don Ju a n to h is com
p a n io n s T h e
.n h e w en t o n h i
s j o u r n ey Wh e n h e re a c h ed th e .

pa l a ce he a s ked the so ld ier w ho w a s on g u a r d to a nnounce him

,
1 06 Mem oirs of the A m er ica n Folk Lore Soci
-
ety .

h u m ble m y dyn a s ty So ta k e your h orses w ith you a n d g o

.

ba ck to your coun tr y .

s you r M a j esty
“
0 ki ng ! I a m n ot a t fa ul t in th e lea st I t i .

w ho i ss ued th e ed i ct th a t a n y on e r i ch or poor w h o co uld bea t

, ,

y o u in t h e w a g er s h o uld b e w e
, d d e d t o y o u r d a u g h t er N o w I .

ng to th e r ig h t you r Ma j es ty h a s g iven m e retu rn ed ”

o nly cl i ,

“
Don J u a n I h a d been th inking th a t th e procla m a tion you r
.

Hi g h n ess s i
g n ed w o uld b e k e p t; f or it is k n ow n f a r an d w i d e
”
th a t you a re a ki ng .

B y th i s a n sw er Ki ng P a l m a r in w a s per plex ed He s to p ped .

for a m om en t to con si d er th e m a tter Th en the th o ug h t of .

g et tin g r id o f D o n Ju an th a t is o f k ill in g h im , c a m e in to
“
hi s mi nd : so h e sa i d Thoug h you a re fa r below m y fa m ily if
, ,

y o u can d o w h a t I s h a ll as k y o u t o d o n o w I w ill a d m it yo u in to ,
”
th e roya l l i ne .

“
I a m a l w a ys r ea dy to obey yo ur Ma j esty s com m a n d ’
,

sa id Don Ju a n .

“
I h a d a r el iqu a r y w h ich I inh er ited from m y roya l fa th er
, .

I los t it w h il e I w a s hun ting o nce in th e forest twen ty yea rs

ago . Now I w a n t you to loo k for i t I w ill g ive you three .

d a ys If you do n ot find it in th a t tim e you sh a ll b e sever ely

.
,

pun is h ed s a id th e king
, .

Don Ju a n left th e co u r t a n d re tu r n ed to h i s co m p a n i on s He .

told th em w h a t h a d p a ssed between h i m a n d th e ki n g in th e

pa l a ce Noet N oen encou ra g ed h im a n d sa id
. Do n ot b e
, ,

sa d ! for by th e a i d o f God th e rel i qu a r y s h a ll b e found R e .

m em ber th er e i , s no th i n g d ifficu l t if you ca ll on God Wh a t .

d o you sa y com r a d es ? I t i
, s n ow ti m e for you to h elp Do n Ju an ,

so a s to d i s tr a ct h i m fr o m h i s sorr ow Mir a n Miron as you .

,

h a ve keen eyes it w ill n ot ta ke you long to find it Tr y you r

, .

best a n d l ook ever yw her e

, .

“
Tr u st m e ; I ll b e r es po n si
’
ble for find ing it sa id Mi ra n ,

Miron To m orrow I w i
.
-
ll set ou t in qu es t of it ”
.

As to th e ki ng h e w a s a t eas e for h e w a s su re th a t Don Ju a n

, ,

could n ot find th e r el i qu a r y .

Th e n ex t d a y Mi r a n Mi r on set ou t i n sea r ch o f th e r el i qu a ry ,

w hi ch h e found cover ed w i th th i r ty ya r d s o f ea r th He d u g .

ou t th e ea r th un ti l h e r ea ch ed the locket ; th en he r etu r n ed to

hi s co m pa n i on s a n d d el i vered i
, t to Don Ju a n Hi s com r a d es .
,
“
seei ng h im rej oice a t the si g h t o f th e re l iqu a r y s a i d Ag a i n , ,
”
w e h a ve bea ten th e ki ng .
 li
Fi pino P opu la r Ta les . 1 07

Noet Noen sa i d , Don Ju a n , to m orr ow ta k e

-
Ki
ng P a l m a r in
”
hi
s r el i u a r
q y .

Th e n ex t da y Don Ju a n set ou t for the cour t Wh en h e .

rea ch ed th e pa la ce h e sa lu ted th e ki
ng w ho w a s a s ton i
, s h ed , .

How ! Don Ju an h a ve you g i ven up so s oon ? How g oes th e

,

q u est ?
“
Here, I h a ve found the liqu a r y sa id Don Ju a n ta king it
re , ,
“
ou t a n d pu tti ng i t on th e ta ble Th en h e con tinu ed . Let ,

you r Ma j es ty ex a m ine to see if it is th e r i g h t on e

”
.

Th e ki n g l ooked a t i t ca refully I nd eed i t w a s hi s ow n r el

.
,

iq u a r y . H e s a i
d to h im se lf Wh a t a w o nd ,e r D o n Ju an is !
I n two d a ys wi th ou t a n y d i fficu l ty h e h a s fo und th e r el i qua r y .

I di d n ot even tell h i m th e ex a ct pl a ce w h ere I l os t i t a n d m a ny ,

e
p p o le f a il ed to co m e a c r oss it a s s oo n a s i t w a s m i ss ed H er e .

n M ar sell a h e h a s n o eq u a l
” “
i Then h e sa i d to Don Ju a n
. I ,

a m a ston i sh ed a t th e a bi l ity you h a ve s hown Th ere is n o .

ton g u e th a t ca n ex pr ess m y g r a ti tu d e to you for br i ng ing m e

”
b a ck m y rel i qu a r y th e d el ig h t of m y hea r t
, .

“
Don Ju a n repl i ed I f th er e is yet so m eth ing to b e d one let
, ,

y o u r H ig hn ess c o m m a n d h i s l o ya l v as s a l w h o is a l w a ys r ea dy ,

to o bey .

I f th a t i s so i n or d er th a t you m a y o b ta i
, n w h a t you w ish ,

sa i d th e king “
,g o to R o m e a n d ta k e m y l ett er t o th e P o p e .

Wa it for h is a n sw er I w ill a l so send a n oth er perso n to ca r r y

.

th e s a m e m es sa g e Th e on e w h o co m es a f ter th e o th er s h a ll
.

”
r ecei ve d ea th as a pun i s h m en t sa i d th e king , .

“ ”
You r loya l s ubj ect will tr y to o bey you s a i d Don Ju a n , .

So th e ki ng wr ote two letter s to th e h oly P o pe a n d g a ve on e to ,

Do n J u a n w ho i , m m ed i a tely l eft th e pa l a ce a n d w en t to h i s

fr ien d s . He w a s s a d m ed i ta ti ng on h is fa te
, .

Th e ki n g s m essen g er B r uj a set ou t for Rom e th a t ver y

’ 1
, ,

m om en t . He w a s told to u se hi s ch a r m a n d to hu r r y up So .

h e wen t flyi n g s wi ftly l ike a n a rrow s h ot fr om a b ow

, .

“
Wh en Don Ju an r ea ch ed h is com r a des h e s a id I g a ve th e , ,

r eli qu a r y to the king Now h e w a nts m e to g o to Rom e to

.

deli ver th i s l etter to the P o pe a n d w a i t for hi s a n sw er At th e .

s a m e ti m e th e ki ng h a s s en t a nother m esseng er I f I co m e .

a fter hi s a rr i va l i n Ma rsell a I s h a ll l ose m y l i , fe You see w h a t .

a h ar d ta s k th e ki ng h a s g iven m e I do n ot k now ver y w ell .

th e w a y to R om e an d bes i , d es th e w ise B r uj a is w ing ed

, , .

I n Spa n i
s h thi
s wor dm ea n s wi
tch . sor ceress .
1 08 Mem oirs of the A m er i
ca n Folk L ore Soci
ety - .

Do n ot d Noet N oen
w or r y , sa i I f God w ill w e sh a l l .
,

defea t th e king Even if h e h a s B r uj a to send you h a ve so m e

.
,
”
on e a l so : so plu ck up yo u r cou r a g e !
“
Wh a t do you sa y C ura n Curing ? Sh ow yo ur s kill a n d g o
, ,

to Rom e flyi ng l ike the wind sa id Noet Noen

”
.
,
“ ”
Do n ot b e tr oubl ed Don Ju a n d Cu ra n C u ring
sa i , I , .

wi ll ca r ry the l etter even to th e g a tes of hea ven For m e a .

j our ney to Rom e is n ot fa r i

n ju s t on e l ea p I s h a ll b e th er e .

Gi ve m e th e l etter To m orr ow I will set ou t To d a y I w i

.
-
ll .
-

”
res t so th a t I ca n w a lk fa s t
, Don Ju a n g a ve C ur a n C u r i
. ng
the l etter a n d th ey a ll w en t to s l ee p
, P er h a p s by th i s ti me .

B r uj a h a d a l rea dy a rrived a t Rom e .

Th e n ex t m or n i ng C u r a n Cu r ing s tarted on his j ou r ney to

del i ver th e letter to th e P o pe Wh en h e w a s h a lf w a y to Rom e
.
,

h e m et B r uj a w a lki ng ver y swiftly a n d a l rea dy retur n ing to ,

Ma rsell a “
Are you Don Ju a n ? sa i
.
”
d B r uj a a n d a re you ,

ju st g oing to Rom e n ow ? You a re bea ten Do n ot w a ste you r .

en er g y a n y m or e If you w a lk like th a t you ca nnot rea ch

.
,

R om e i n two m on th s .

B r uj a s poke so beca u se C u ra n C u rin g w a s w a lki

, ng on only
on e leg . B u t w h en h e h ea r d th ese w or ds h e let l oose h i s o th er ,

leg a n d w en t fa ster th a n a bullet He a rri ved a l m os t i n sta n tly

.

a t R om e a n d d eli
, vered th e l etter to th e h oly P o pe w h o a fter , ,

r ea d ing it wr ote a n a nsw er a n d g a ve it to th e m esseng er

, .

C u ra n C ur i ng then m a de h is w a y ba ck towa r ds h is com

pa n i on s He w ent a s fa st a s th e w i
. nd an d over took B r uj a on ,
“
th e roa d Wh a t ! Ar e you still her e ? Wh a t is th e m a tter ?
.

How i s i t th a t you h a ve n ot rea ched Marsell a yet? Wh ere

i s th a t boas t o f you rs th a t I a m a l r ea dy bea ten ? Now I a m
,

s u re th a t you w i ll d isa ppoint you r king w h o rel ies too m u ch ,

"
u pon you r s ki ll said Cu ra n C u r ing
, .

B r uj a fea r i
, ng th a t he s hould b e defea ted for Don Ju an s ,
’

m esseng er w as ver y s pr y pl a nned to tr i ck C u ra n C u r i

, ng So .

“
B r uj a said Fr iend let u s res t h ere a w h i
, , le ! I ha ve a l ittle
wi ne with m e We will dr i . nk i t i f it pl eases you a n d ta ke a , ,
”
li ttle r es t w h i le the su n is so ho t .

O h yes ! i
, f you h a ve so m e w i ne I t w ill b e a fin e th ing for .

”
u s to dr i nk to qu en ch ou r th irs t repl i ed C u ra n C u r i ng , .

Th e wi ne w as n o sooner h a nded to him th a n h e fell a s l eep .

Th en B r uj a p u t on on e o f C u r a n Gu r i
’
ng s fing er s a r in g so a s ,
’
to i n su r e victor y for th e ki ng Wh oever h a d B r uj a s r ing would
.
 1 10 Mem oirs of the A m er i
ca n Folk L or e Soci
ety -
.

rea lizing th a t h e w a s bea ten sa id to Don Ju a n Thou g h you , ,

h a ve w on I w i ll n ot g r a n t you r r equ es t for you a r e too in

, ,

fer i
or . You m a y go .

Don Ju a n pl ied re G rea t Ki ng n obody or d er ed you r H ig h ,

n ess to i ss u e th e decree to w h i ch yo u r h a nd di d si g n y o u r n a m e .

I tr u s ted yo ur w or d a n d I ven tu r ed to ta ke p a r t i
, n th e w a g er .

Now h on or a bl e ki
, ng m y com pl a in t i s th a t yo u r Ma j es ty
,

brea ks h is w or d
Th e king w a s m ed i ta tin g a s to w h a t to do n ex t to ch eck Don
“
Jua n At l as t h e sa id I w a n t you to sh ow m e so m e m or e of
.
,

your w isd om I f you ca n sa il on d r y l a nd a n d I ca n see you r

.
,

shi p to m orrow m or n ing m oor ed h er e in fr on t of th e pa la ce I

-
,

wi ll believe in you r pow er an d w isd om So you m a y g o My . .

s ubj ects th e qu een a n d I w i

, ll b e h ere to see you sa il on d r y l a nd
,
”
to m orrow m or n i
-
ng .

Don Ju a n d i d n ot com pl a i n a t a ll He r ose fr om h is sea t sa d .

,

a n d m el a n ch o ly a n d ba d e th e ki, ng g ood b y Wh en he r ea ched -

.

hi s com p a n i on s Noe t Noen sa i , d You n eed n o t spea k I kn ow , .

w ha t i s th e m a tter I wi ll m a n a g e th e bu sin ess a n d a ll o u r

. ,

co m r a des w i ll h elp so th a t ou r sa il ing on d r y la nd to m orr ow

,
-

wi ll n ot b e dela yed C a rg u en C a r g on m y fr i
. end g o to th e , ,

i n n a n d fetch a l a rg e s tr on g s h i p .

Ca rg u en C a r g on w en t on h i s err a nd I t w a s n ot l ong before .

h e fo und th e r i g h t s h ip S o s h o uld e r i
n g it. h e b,r o u g h t i t b a ck ,

to h i s co m p a n i on s .

Th e n ex t d a y ever yth i ng w as r ea dy for th e j ou r ney Noet .

Noen sa id You will b e in ch a rg e of the r udder C a rg uen

, ,

C a r g on so th a t th e s h i
, p m a y g o s m oo thly —
Supl a Su p li ng .
,

si t a t th e s ter n a n d bl ow th e sa i l s so th a t w e m a y g o fas t —
, The .

r es t o f u s w i ll ser ve a s m a r iners Cr y H a ppy voya g e ! a s soon .

’

”
a s w e en ter th e ci ty .

Accor d i ng ly Supl a Su p lin g bl ew th e sa il s Th e w ind r oa red .

,

and m a ny tr ees fell d ow n The l i ttl e b a nd sa i. led th r ou g h the

king dom All th e peopl e w h o sa w th em w er e w ond er i
. ng .

Th ey sa i d Were th is d eed n ot by ench a n tm en t they could

, ,

n ot s a i l on dr y l a nd Wher e do you th ink th is ship ca m e from

.
,
”
if n o t fro m th e l a nd of en ch a n ters ?
Wh en the sa ilors rea ched th e city they found King P a l m a r in ,

loo ki ng ou t of th e w indow of h is pa l a ce Don Ju a n th en d is .

em b a r ked fr o m h i s sh i p a n d w en t befor e th e king to g r eet h im .

D on Ju a n sa i d Your Ma j esty s serva n t is h er e He is r ea d y

,
’
.
 li
Fi pino P opu l a r Ta les . 111

to o bey yo u r will : so if th ere is a nyth ing m or e to b e d one let

, ,
”
y o u r H i
g hn ess or d er h im .

Th e ki n g fel t as h a m ed fo r bei ng a l ia r a n d did n ot as k Don ,

J u a n to per form a n y m ore m i ra cl es Don Ju a n I h a ve n ow .

,

seen you r w o nder ful w i sd om Yo u m a y retu r n to you r coun tr y

.
,
”
for I wi ll n ot g ive you the h a nd of m y da u g h ter sa id King ,

F a rew ell , 0 king ! Your ow n or d er h a s ca u sed a ll th a t h as

h a ppen ed Th ou g h I h a ve n ot s u cceeded i
. n a cco m pl i sh i ng
m y pu r pose I h a ve n o reason to b e as h a m ed to fa ce a nybody
, .

Wh a t troubles m e is th a t in s pite of your w id es prea d r epu ta tion

, ,

for h on or you d o n o t keep even on e o f yo ur tho u sa nd m i

, llion
w or d s . After som e on e h a s don e you som e ser vi ce yo u tu r n ,
”
hi m a wa y F a r ew ell ki
. ng ! To m y ow n coun tr y I w i
, ll retu rn ,

sa i d Don Ju a n a s h e left the pa l a ce .

The ki ng did n ot sa y a nyth ing for h e rea lized the tr u th of ,

th e kn i D h H d
’

g h t s s ta t em e n t on Ju a n w .en t to t e bo a t e a n .

his com p a n i on s s a i led ba ck to th eir sta tion As th ey p a ssed .

o u t o f th e ci ty th e peo pl e h a i
, led them Hi s co m p a n i on s ch eer ed .

hi m up a n d en co u r a g ed h i m Wh en th ey a r r ived a t th eir
.

lod g i ng pl a ce Noet Noen sa id Le t u s sta y a l ittle long er a n d

-
, ,

wai t for God s a i d w hi ch He a l w a ys g i ves to th e hu m bl e ! All

’
,

th a t h a s h a ppen ed i s God s w i ll so do n ot w or r y Don Ju a n

’
, , .

”
I wi ll do w h a tever you wish sa id Don Ju a n , .

So th ey s ta i d in the s h ip Sever a l m on th s pa s sed by b u t

.
,

n o th in g w a s h ea r d At l a s t th e Moors i
. nva ded Ma rsell a .

Th ey p u t to d ea th m a ny o f th e i nh a bita n ts a n d shu t up th e ,

kin g a n d th e rest o f h is m en in j a il He th e qu een a n d the .

, ,

p rin c ess g r i
e ve d v er y m u ch f o r th ey s u ffe r e
,d m a ny h a r d s h i
p s

in th ei r n a rr ow p r i so n Wh en new s of th is conqu est r ea ch ed

.

th e seven N oet N oen sai

, d to h is com pa n ion s Now is ou r tu r n ,

to h elp Ma rsell a U se a ll you r ski

. ll ; for in d r iving a w a y th e
Moor s w e ser ve a doubl e pu r pose : fir st w e h elp th e C hr istia n s ; ,
”
secon d Don Ju a n
, .

“ ”
L et m e b e g en er a l ! sa i d C u r a n C u ring If I r u s h a t th e .

Moor s they w ill n ot kn ow w h a t to do

”
.
,

Supla Su p li n g sa i d As for m e n o Moor ca n sta y nea r m e

, , ,
”
for I w i ll blow h im a w a y a n d he w ill b e l ost in the a ir
, .

“
Th o ug h I ha ve n o w ea pon s n o on e ca n fa ce m e i n b a ttl e
,

wi thou t tu m bl i ng d ow n in fea r sa id Mir a n Mir on

”
, .

“
Ca rg u en C a rg on j oi ned in I w ill pull up a tr ee an d com ;
.
1 12 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk L or e Soci
ety -
.

it wi th m e ; so th a t, even i f a ll th e Moors un i
te a g a i st m e ,
n
th ey s h a l l li
e pr os tr a te befor e m e .

My ar row is enou g h for m e to fa ce Moors w ith , sa i d P un ta

At th e nd of Noet Noen they set ou t C u r a n C ur in g

co m m a .

w a lked w i th on e leg ; s ti ll h e w as far a h ea d of his co m pa n ions .

He then w ould s top r etu r n to hi end s a n d sa y i

s fr i , m pa ti en tly , ,
u
Hurr y u p it

At l as t th ey told h i m th a t h e w ould b e over ti r ed The .

g en e r a l o u g h t to g e t w ea r y i f h e co m m a nd s s aid C u r a n C u r i
n g , .

B u t I s h a ll n ever g et ti r ed fr o m w a lkin g a t t h is r a te !
Wh en they a r r ived a t Ma rsella Noet Noen en co ur a g ed h i , s

com pa n i on s C a rg u en C a r g on pulled up a tree fifteen ya r ds

.

ta ll a n d s i x ya r d s i n ci r cu m fer en ce He r u shed a t th e Moors .

,

a n d by sw i
, n g ing th e tr ee con sta n tly he sw ept a w a y th e enem y , .

C ura n C ur i ng w a lked w ith both his leg s He cr us hed th e en em y .

,

w ho fell d ea d a s h e stepped on th em Mir a n Miron s hou ted . .

Hi s l o ud voi ce fr ig h ten e d th e M oo rs P un ta P un t i
n g s h ot w ith .

hi s a r r ow Wh enever it h a d killed a Moor it r etu r ned to its

.
,

m as ter . After m a ny Moors h a d fa ll en th e r es t could n ot ,

m ai nta in the fig h t a n d they fl ed Noet Noen th en g a ther ed

, .

tog eth er h i s m en a n d sa i d Let u s look for the king !

, ,

They o pen ed a ll th e j a i l s a n d fr eed the pr iso ners Th e s i x .

”
vi ctor s cr i ed Hurr a h for Don Ju a n ! a n d sa id to the r el ea sed
,
“
perso n s All of you w h o h a ve been h eld pr isoners m u st th a nk
,

Don Ju a n ; for w er e i t n ot for h i ,m w e s ho uld n ot h a ve co m e to ,

”
you r a id .

“
Who is th is benefa ctor ? We wis h to kn ow to w ho m we
”
ow e ou r l i ves sa id the king , .

Noet Noen sa id B y God s will w e g a ined th e victor y I t

“
,
’
.

is Don Ju a n w h o br oug h t u s h ere to sa ve you fr o m th e h a nd s of

th e in fidels So h e i . s indeed th e ben efa ctor

“ ”
Don Ju a n ! th e cr o w d th en s hou ted O u r li ves w e owe .

to you . Hurr a h for ou r sa vior ! Hurr a h for th e w hole king

d om !
The ki ng queen p r incess co unsell ors a n d th e victors w en t
, , , ,

to th e p a l a ce They w ere a l l h a ppy When th ey h a d ta ken

. .

th ei ki
r sea ts , then g s poke thu s : Wh a t s h a ll w e g ive th e victor ?
As for m e even th e w h ol e ki
, ng dom is too s m a ll a rew a r d for
"
s a vi
ng u s Lend m e you r a d vice
. .

N oet Noen a n sw ered “

Let m e m a ke a sugg es ti on 0 ki ,ng ! ,
1 14 Mem oirs of the A m er i
ca n Fol k L or e Soci
ety -
.

and w hy th ey h a d co m e to hi
s ai
d. Then th e si
x m en di
s

NO TES .

The co u r se o f even ts com m on to th es e thr ee s tor i

es is th i s : A king

pr oc a l
i
m s th a t h e w i g i
ve th e ll ha n d of his da u g h ter to th e o n e w ho ca n
fu r n ish him th
wi a ver y cos tly or ll
m a r ve ou s con veya n ce . Th e poor
yo u n g h ero , b ec a u se o f h is k in d n e s s t o a w re t ch e d old m a n or w om a n

(or c or p ),
se i s g iv e n t h e w o n de r f u l c o n v ey a n c e O n hi s w a y to t h e .

p a l a ce to p r es e n t h is g ift, h e m ee t s ce r ta i
n e x tr a or di n a r y m e n , w h o m
h e ta k es a lo n g w i
th h im a s com pa n i on s Th e ki n g r ea l i
zin g th e low .
,

bi r th o f th e her o , r efu ses th e ha n d of h i

s da u g h ter u n til a ddition a l
ta s ks h a ve b een per for m ed W ith the help of h is com pa n ion s , th e.

hero p er or f
m s fin a lly weds th e pr i
th ese , a nd
n ce s s Th i s gr ou p o f .

s tories w a s a lm os t cer ta i
n ly i
m por ted in to th e P h il ipp in es fr om Eu r ope,
wh er e l
a n a og u es of t a bou n d
i . I k n ow of n o s i
g n i
fi ca n t Ea s tern va r i
a n ts . P a ra llels to certa i
n i den ts ca n b e
n ci . fou n d i
n Ma l a y a n a nd

l
Fii
p i
n o lor e , b u t th e yl
c c e as a w ho le i
s l
c ea r ly n ot n a ti
ve to th e
Isla n ds .

In a b roa d b elon g to th e B ride W a g er for m u la

sen se , o u r s tor i
es

( s ee V o n H a h n , 1 54 . Nos 2 3 a n d T h e req u i
r em e n t
. th a t a s u i
tor

s ha l l g u ess cor r ectly th e kin d o f s kin f om w h i

r ch a cer tai n dru m -
hea d
is m a de ( u s u a lly a l ou se s ki
-
n) i s to b e fou n d i n I ta l i
a n (B a s i le, 1
5 ; cf. G o n zen b a c h , N o 2 2 ; Sc h n ell er , N o . . sh
Spa n i ( Ca b a ll er o ,

tr a n s b y J H I n g r a m ,
“
. . Th e
. G er m an (Gr i mm , 2
“ ”
6
4 7 , Th e L o u se , w h ere th e p ri n ce ss m a k es a dr es s , n o t a dr u m , fro m
th e n of
s ki the m i n sect)
ra cu ou s i l O n ly B a s i
. le s s tor y '
com n es th e
bi
lou se s kin-
m oti
f w i
th th e won der fu l com pa n i on s , a co m n a ti
bi on

n g P a lm a r i There seem s to b e n o close co n n ec

“ ”
fou n d i
n Ki
ou r n .

tion , how ever b etw een th ese tw o ta l es

, Al thou gh O r ien ta l Marcher: .

tu r n in g o n th i s m oti f o f t h e l o u s e s k in d r u m a r e l a c k in g th e F l
i i
-
p in o ,

corri do n eed n ot h a ve g ot th e co n cep ti o n fr o m Eu r0 p e : i t i s Ma l a ya n .

I n a li s t o f th e J eleb u r eg a l i Th e ro ya l dr u m s
“
a o ccu r s th i s i tem :
‘
(g en d a n g n a u b a t) ; s a i
d to b e h ea d ed w i
th th e s k in s o f l i
ce ( k u li
t
'

tu m a ) ( see Sk ea t 2,

We ha ve a lr ea d y m et w i
t y com pa n ion s ( No 3
h th e ex tr a ord i
na r .

a lly va r i ch r ela tes a con tes t b etw een

”
see es peci ant d Sa n da n g ca l wh i , ,

th e h ero s ru n n er a n d th e ki n g s m essen g er ) For th e for m u l a s ee

’ ’
.
,

B o l te P ol lvk a s n otes to G r i No 7 1 B en fey ( Au s l a n d 1 858

’
- mm , . .
, ,

pp . 1 0 38 e t se q 1 06 7 et s eq.
) b
, el i
e ves th e S kil fu l C.o m p a n i
o ns cycl e
”

a s rep resen ted b y G r i m m Nos 7 1 a n d 1 34 ; B a s i le Nos 2 8 a n d 36

, .
, .

Str a p a ro l a 4 1 etc , to b e a ki, n d o f h u m or ou s der i

. va tive of the

cycle w e sh a ll ca ll th e va l B roth er s No 1 2 of this collection ) ”

Ri .
,

a n d whi ch h e show s to h a ve s p r ea d i n to E u ro pe from I n di a There .

a re s i
g n fi
i ca n t di
ffer en ces , however , b etw een these tw o gr ou ps ; and
 Fi
lipin o P opu la r Ta les . 1 15

B e n fey s tr ea tm en t o f th em together ca u ses con fu s i

’
on I n the Ski l fu l .

cycl e, th e ex traor din a r y m en a re in r ea l ity ser va n ts o f

"
C om pa n i on s

th e hero , w ho sets ou t a n d w i n s th e ha n d o f a p r in cess They a re .

p ick e d u p b y ch a n ce I n th e R iv a l B ro th er s cy cl e .
, o n th e o th er
“ ”

h a n d , th e thr ee (or fou r ) bro ther s set ou t to lea r n tr ad es a n d to w i n

th ei r for tu n es often wo n der fu l obj ects of m a g i

, c ; th e brothers m eet

la ter b y a p p oi n tm en t, com bi ne thei r s ki ll to su ccor a prin cess a n d ,

th en q ua r rel a s to w h i
“
ch deser ves h er m os t I n s tor i
es of th e Str on g .

Ha n s "
t pey Gr i
mm , No . 1 66 ) or J oh n the B ea r ( Cos q u in ,

No . w here th e y com pa n ion s a lso a p pea r they tu rn

ex tr a or d i
n ar ,

o u t to b e ra s ca l s w h o fa i th l ess ly deser t th e hero

, I n ou r s tor i es h ow .
,

ever th e s p eci
, a lly en dow ed m en a re s u pp l i -ed by a gr a tefu l s u per

n a tu ra l bei n g to hel p th e ki n d hea r ted hero w i

, n i n hi s co n tes ts w i th-

th e s tu bbo rn ki ng ( C o m p a r e G o n z en b a.ch s S i
c ili
a n s t or y No 74
’
, .
,

n cl u des a tha n k fu l sa i
“
w hi ch i n t wi th ch a ra cter i s tics of the G r a te ,
“
,
”
fu l Dea d a La n d an d wa ter Sh i p a n d Ski
-
l fu l C o m
-
p a n io ns ) ,
" “ ”

n g P a lm a ri Jua n a nd
“
Th e n a m es o f the com pa n i on s in Ki n a nd

hi s Si x F ri en ds a re clea r ly der i ved fro m th e Spa n i sh I n C a b a ll ero s

’
.

“ ”
s tory of fer
L u ci
’
s Ea r w e fin d these n a m es : Ca r g u i
n

Sop l i All thr ee occu r in

“
Oi
din n ( si
g h er o r
“
J u a n a n d h is Six Frien ds I n th e thr ee F i l ip in o ta les the tota l
.
”

n u m b er o f d i ffer en t s tro n g m en i s on ly seven K n ow All B low er ,

-
, ,

F a rsi g h t R u n n er, H u n te r C a r r i
e r S h
, a r p E a r T h i
s c l ose
, c o n ,
-
.

for m i ty w hen w e co n si
, der th e w i de va r i ety to b e fo u n d i n th e E u ro pea n

stor i es (see B ol te P ol i vk a 2 : 87 9 4 ; P a n zer B eow u l f 66

-
, s u gg es ts —
, ,

Th e p hrase Sop l i
“
a n u l ti m a te com m o n sou r ce for ou r va r i a n ts n .

So p lon son o f th e g ren t b low er ( in J u a n a n d h is Si

“ " ”
, x F ri en ds )

is a lm o s t a n ex a ct tr a n s l a ti on o f Sop l i
n SO p lo n h i j o del b u en sop la ,

do r ( Ca b a ll e r o L u cife r s E a r , Th is s a m e l o cu tio n in
’
t h e ve r

n a cu la r i s fou n d i n th e Ta g a l og fo l k ta le o f L u ca s th e Str on g -
.

Th e sh ip th a t w ill sa il on la n d is often m et w ith in Eu ro pea n s tor i es .

See R Koh l er den t 2 : 2 96 2 99 ; a lso h i

“ "
. Orien t u n d O cci
, s n o tes to ,
—

Gon zen b a ch No 74 C om pa re a lso th e A rg on a u t sa g a ; a n d B ol te

, . .

P ol i
vk a , 2 : 87 9 5 pas si
—
m .

I n two her o s ru n n er is a l m ost defea ted b y the

es th e
of o u r s tor i
’

ki n g s m essen g er w h o tr ea cher ou s ly m a k es u se o f a m a g i c s l eep p r o

’
-
,

du ci n g ri ng O n e o f th e o ther com p a n i
. on s h ow ever d i scover s th e , ,

trick a n d th e s ki
, l fu l h u n ter a w a k en s th e s leeper with a w ell a im ed s hot -
.

For th i s fea t o f Sha r ps hoo ter s see Gm a en b a ch No 7 4 ; G r i m m No

'
. .
, , ,

7 1 ; M eie r N o 8 ; B y ,H a r zm ar c
. h en b u ch 1 1 6 , , .

O f n a ti ve b e l i
efs fo u n d i n ou r s tor i n g o f com m en t
es tw o a r e des er vi , .

The m ethod b y w hich L u ca s becom es p ossessed o f gr ea t s tren g th

refl ects a n oti o n held by cer ta i n old Ta g a l og s Som e o f th e m en .

ar o u n d C a la m b a , La g u n a pr ovi
n ce , m a k e an i si
n ci on i
n th e w rist
1 16 Mem oirs of the A m er i
ca n Folk Lor e Soci
ety
-
.

an d p u t n i
i ta sm a ll wh ite bon e ta k en from th e en d o f th e ta i of th el
sa wa n g ( bitin b oa ) T
a s peci
es o f
h e c u t is th e n s ew.ed u p T h os e .

w h o h a ve a ta l ism a n o f thi s sor t b el ieve tha t a t n i ght i t tr a vels a ll

over th e b od y a n d p rod u ces ex tr a or d i n a r y s tr en g th ( For s i mila r .

Ma l a ya n s u pers tition s , see Sk ea t 2 , 303 Th e legen d (i n

“
Kin g
P a lm a ri M t Ar a ya t a n d th e swa m p of
"
n ) a bou t th e o ri g in o f o u n

C a n da b a i s b u t o n e o f m a n y s ti l l told by o ld P a m pa n ga n s I ts .

in ser tion i n to a rom a n ce w i th Eu ropea n setti ng i s an i ns ta n ce of th e

Fi l ipin o rom a n ce w riters u tter dis reg a rd or ig n or a n ce of geogr a phica l

’

In con c u s i l
on , a tten ti
on b e ca lled to the fa ct tha t w h i
m ay le th ese
th ree s tor i
es ha ve th e sa m e ba s i
c fra m ew or k , ea ch h a s its ow n pecu liar

va r i
a ti
on s . The tes tim on y o f the n a rra tor o f J u a n a n d his Six
C o m pa n i on s th a t h is i n for m a n t, a n old B a la ya n wom a n , sa i
, d tha t
th e s tor y w a s ver y po p u l a r i n h er secti o n o f th e cou n tr y , i s a bi t of
evi den ce th a t th e ta le h a s b een k n ow n i n th e P h i lipp in es for deca des ,
p r ob a b ly W h et
. h er o r n o t h er fo r m o f t h e s to r y w a s d e r i
v ed fro m

a p r in ted a cc o u n t, I a m u n a b l e to s a y ; b u t I s u s p ec t th a t it
Never th eless I ha ve fou n d n o
“ ”
wa s ; th e d i ction sou n ds b ooki sh .

ex ter n a l evi den ce of a Ta g a l og corri do tr ea ti n g th e s tor y w e ha ve

p r in t ed .

‘
1 2. ( )a TH E TH R EE B R O TH ER S .

Th er e n ce a n old w om a n w ho h a d th r ee so n s Th e
w as o .

fa th er d i ed w h en Ti to th e youn g est br oth er w a s only five yea rs

, ,

o ld ; a n d th e m o th er w a s l eft a l one to b r i ng up h er thr ee boys .

Th e fa m i ly w as ver y poor ; b u t th e g ood w om a n w or ked h a r d ,

a n d h er so n s g r ew i n to s tu r dy young m en .

O n e d a y th e m oth er ca lled h er so n s befor e h er a n d sa i d , ,

Now m y son s a s you see m y str en g th i

, , l ing m e I w a n t
s fa i ,

ea ch o f yo u to g o i n to th e w or ld to seek h is for tune After .

ni n e yea rs com e b a ck hom e a n d s h ow m e w h a t you h a ve lea r ned

,
”
to d o . Th e thr ee br oth er s con sen ted a n d r esol ved to lea ve ,

h om e th e ver y n ex t m or n i ng .

Ea r ly th e follow ing da y th e th r ee br oth ers An n o th e o ldest -

,

B erto th e second a n d Ti to th e yo un g es t
, ba d e th eir m oth er
g o o d b
-
y a n d se,t o u t o n t h eir tr a vel s T h ey f o l low ed a w id e.

r oa d un ti l th ey ca m e to a pl a ce w h ere it br a nched in th r ee d ir co
ti on s . Her e they stopped a n d consul ted I t w a s a t l as t .

a g r eed th a t An n o s ho uld ta ke the n or th br a n ch

-
B er to th e ,

1
Na rra ted b y C lod ua ld Ga rcia a Iloca n w ho was told the stor y b y h is m other
o . n o.

w hen he wa s a sm a l l b oy .
king s pa l a ce Th e bea u tiful pr incess w a s r estor ed to h er
’
.

fa th er With g r ea t j oy th e king r eceived them a n d a g r ea t

.
,

fea s t w a s h eld i n h on or o f th e rescu e of h i

n th e p a l a ce i s d a u g h ter .

After th e feas t th e ki ng a s ked th e th ree br oth ers to w h ich o f

th em h e s h o uld g i ve h i s da ug h ter s h a nd Ea ch cl a im ed the ’
.

rew a r d a n d a qu a rr el a rose a m ong th em

, Th e king seei ng .
,

th a t a ll h a d pla yed i m po r ta n t pa r ts i
n th e r escu e o f th e pr in cess ,

d ecided n o t to bes tow his d a u g h ter on a n y of th em In stea d .

,

h e g a ve h a lf hi s w ea l th to b e d i vided equ a lly a m ong An n o -

,

B er to , an d Ti
to .

( )
b TH R EE B R O TH ER S or FO R TUN E !
In for m er tim es ther e l ived in a cer ta in villa g e a w ea l thy m a n
w h o h a d th ree so n s Su a n I loy a n d Am bo, As th i s m an was , , .

a lover o f edu ca ti on h e sen t a ll h is boys to a n o th er tow n to

,

sch oo l B u t th ese th r ee br oth ers d i

. d n ot stu dy : th ey s pen t
th ei r time i n idleness a n d ex tr a va g a n ce Wh en va ca tion .

ca m e th ey w ere as h a m ed to g o b a ck to th ei
, r h om e tow n be ,

ca u s e th ey d i d n ot kn ow a nyth i ng ; so in stea d th ey w a nd ered , ,

fr o m tow n to tow n seeki ng th eir for tu nes .

In the cou rse of th eir tr a vel s th ey m et a n old w om a n broken

“ ”
wi th a g e Sh o uld you l i
. ke to buy th is book m y g r a ndso n s ? ,

a s ked th e old w om a n a s sh e s topped th em .

Wh a t is th e vir tu e o f th a t book g r a nd m oth er ? a s ked ,

Am bo .

“
My g r a ndson s r epl ied sh e if you w a n t to r estor e a dea d
, ,

per so n to l ife j u s t o pen th is book before h im a n d in a n in sta nt

, ,
”
he w i ll b e r evived With ou t ques tion ing h er fur ther Am bo
.
,

a t on ce bo ug h t th e book Then th e th ree con tinued th ei r .

j o ur n ey .

Ag a i n th ey m et a n old w om a n sell ing a m a t Now I loy w as .

,

d es ir ou s of posses s ing a ch a r m so h e as ked th e old w om a n w h a t ,

r tu e th e m a t
vi ha d .

“
Why if you w a n t to tr a vel th rou g h th e a ir sh e sa id ju st
, , ,

s tep on i t an d i n an i, n sta n t you w ill b e w h er e yo u d es i r e to

g o . I loy d id n o t h es i
ta te b u t b o u g h t th e m a t a t o,n ce .

Now Su a n w as the only on e w h o h a d n o ch a r m

, They h a d .

n ot g on e fa r h ow ever befo r e h e sa w tw o s ton es w hi

, , ch on ce in ,

a w hi l e w ould m eet a n d unite to for m on e r ound bl a ck s tone ,

rNa rra ted b y Eu g e i B ta y P ng as i

na
n o wh h ea d th
a t y f m T i
o. a bi
a n. o r e s or ro or o

S er a fica . a ve of
na ti R osa les . P a n g a s i
na n .
 1 19

and th en se p a ra te a g a i evi
n B el i n g th a t th ese stones possessed
.

ca l pow er , Su a n p i
so m e m a g i cked th em up ; for i t occu r red to
hi m th a t w i th them h e wo uld b e a bl e to un i te th i ng s of the sa m e
or s i
mi l a r kind Th is bel ief of his ca m e tr u e, a s w e sh a ll see
. .

These th r e e br o th ers , ea ch posses s i

ng a ch a r m , wer e ver y
h a ppy . They w en t on th ei r way li g h t-
h ea r ted N o t l o n g .

a fter wa r d they ca m e upon a crow d of perso n s w eeping over th e

dea d body of a bea u tiful young la dy Am bo to ld th e p a r en ts .

o f th e yo ung w o m a n th a t h e w o uld res to re h er to l i fe if th ey

w o uld p a y hi m a r ea son a bl e s u m o f m on ey As th ey g l a dly .

a g r eed Am bo o pen ed h i
, s book a n d th e dea d l a dy w a s b r ou g h t
,

ba ck to life Am bo w as pa id a ll th e m oney h e as ked ; b u t a s

.

soon a s h e h a d recei ved h i s rew a r d I loy pl a ced h i s m a t on th e,

g r o und a,n d to ld h i
s t w o br o th er s to h o ld th e yo un g w o m a n a n d
s tep o n th e m a t They d i d so a n d i
. n an i n sta n t a ll fou r w ere
,

tr a n s por ted to th e seas h or e .

F r om th a t pl a ce th ey too k s h i p to a n oth er coun tr y ; b u t w h en

th ey w ere i n th e m i ddle of th e sea a sever e s tor m ca m e a n d , ,

th ei r boa t w as wr ecked All on boa r d w ould h a ve been d r ow ned

.

h a d n ot Su a n rep a i r ed th e b r o ken pl a nks w i th h i s tw o m a g i ca l

s tones . When they la nded a qu a r rel a rose a m ong th e th ree ,

br oth ers as to w hich on e w as en titled to th e young w om a n .

“
Am bo sa i d I a m the on e w h o s ho uld h a ve h er for it w as I
, ,
”
w ho r es tor ed h er to l i fe .

Bu t i fi t h a d n ot been for m e w e s h o uld n ot h a ve th e l a dy ,

”
wi th u s sa i
, d I loy .

“
An d i f it h a d n ot been for m e sa id Su a n w e s hould a ll , ,

b e d ea d n ow a n d n o body could h a ve h er
,
.

As th ey co uld n ot co m e to a n y a g r eem en t th ey took th e ,

question before th e king He decided to d ivid e th e young .

w om a n i n to th r ee pa r ts to b e d istribu ted a m ong the th r ee

b ro th ers Hi s jud g m en t w a s ca rr i
. ed ou t Wh en ea ch h a d .

recei ved h i s s h a re I loy a n d Am bo w er e d i

, s co n ten ted beca u se

th ei r po r ti on s w er e u sel ess so th ey th r ew th em , away ; b u t

Sua n p i cked up th e s h a r es o f h i s tw o br o th er s a n d un i ted th em

wi th hi s ow n The young w om a n w as br oug h t to l i
. fe a g a in ,

an d l i ved h a pp i ly w ith Su a n So a fter a ll Su a n w as the .

, ,

m os t for tun a te .
 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n Folk L or e Soci
ety - .

( ) PA B LO A N D TcH E P R I NC ESS )

O n ce upon a ti ved th r ee fr i
m e th er e l i end s P ed r o Ju a n , , ,

a n d P a blo O n e m or n i
. ng th ey m et a t th e j unction o f thr ee
“
roa d s . Wh il e th ey w er e ta lking P ed ro sa id Let ea ch of u s , ,

ta ke o n e o f th es e r oa d s a n d set ou t to find h i s for tune ! th ere i s

”
noth ing for u s to do in ou r tow n Th e oth er tw o a g reed . .

After th ey h a d em br a ced a n d w i s h ed ea ch o th er g oo d lu ck ,

th ey w en t th ei r sever a l w a ys B efore sepa r a ti n g h owever th ey

.
, ,

pr om ised on e a n oth er to m eet a g a in in th e sa m e pl a ce with ,

th e a r r a n g em en t th a t th e firs t w h o ca m e s h ould w a i t for th e

o th ers .

P ed r o took th e After th r ee m on th s
d th e r i h ’
ro a to g t .

ng so m etim es over m oun ta ins , so m etim es th ro ug h tow n s ,

tr a vell i ,

h e m et a n o ld m a n Th e old m a n as ked him for food for h e

.
,

w as ver y hun g r y P edr o g a ve h i m so m e br ea d , for th a t w a s

.

a ll h e h a d Th e old m a n th a nked th e you th ver y m uch , a n d

.

“
sa id , In retu r n for your kindness I w ill g ive you th is ca r pet .

I t looks l i ke a n ord in a r y ca r pet b u t it h as g r ea t vir tu e Who , .

ever s i ts o n it m a y b e tr a n s por ted i n sta n tly to a n y pl a ce h e

”
desir es to b e . P edr o r ecei
ve d the ca r pet g l a dly and th a nked
th e o ld m a n . Then the old m a n hi
w en t
s w a y, a n d P ed r o
on

w a nder ed bou t the town

a . nking of h is tw o fr iend s ,
At l a s t, th i
h e sea ted h i m self on h i s ca r pet a n d w a s tr a n s por ted to th e cr oss

roa d s w h er e h e s a t d ow n to w a i
, t for Ju a n a n d P a blo .

Ju a n h a d ta ken th e r oa d to the l eft After h e h a d tr a vell ed .

for thr ee m on th s a n d a h a lf h e too m et a n old m a n Th i

, s , , .

o ld m a n a s ked the you th for so m eth i ng to ea t a s h e w a s ver y ,

hungr y h e s a id So Ju a n kind hea r tedly s h a red with him

, .
,
-
,

the br ea d h e w a s g o i ng to ea t for h is d inner As a r etu r n for .

“
hi s g enero s i ty th e o ld m a n g a ve h i
, m a book a n d s a i d Th is , ,

book m a y seem to you of n o va lue ; b u t w h en you kn ow o f its

pecul ia r p r operties you w ill b e a s ton ished B y r ea d in g in
, .

it you w i ll b e a bl e to kn ow ever yth ing th a t is h a ppen ing in

”
th e w or ld a t a ll ti m es Ju a n w a s overj oyed w ith h is pr esen t
. .

After th a nki ng th e o ld m a n a n d b idd ing h im g ood b y the -

,

you th retu r n ed to th e m eeting pl a ce a t th e cr oss r oa d s w h ere - -

,

h e m et P ed r o The tw o w a i
. ted for P a bl o .

P a blo too k th e r oa d i n th e m i ddl e a n d a fter tr a vell ing four , ,

m on th s h e a l so m et a n old m a n to w h o m h e g a ve th e brea d he
, ,

Narra ted b y D lores Za f a a Ta ga l g f m La La g u a Sh h ea r d th e t r y f m

o r . o ro n . e s o ro

h er fa th er .

a
1 22 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n Folk L or e Soci
ety - .

a b ow an d I wi ll h a ng up th e inflorescen ce of a
an a rrow .

ba n a n a pla n t Th is will represen t the h ea r t of m y d a ug hter

-
. .

The o n e w h o s hoots i t in the m i ddle s ha ll b e the hu s ba nd of

”
my da ug h ter a n d the heir o f m y kin g dom
, .

Th e firs t to s hoot w a s P edr o w hose a rrow pa s sed d i r ectly ,

th r o ug h th e m i ddl e of the ba n a n a fl ow er He w a s ver y g l a d -

. .

Ju a n s hot second His a r row pa ssed th ro ug h th e sa m e h ol e

.

P ed ro s a r row h a d m a de Now ca m e P a bl o s tu r n ; b u t w hen

’ ’
.

P a blo s tu r n ca m e h e r efu sed to s h oot sa yi ng th a t if th e ba n a n a

’
, ,

fl ow er repr esented th e h ea r t of th e p r i ncess h e could n ot shoot ,

it for h e loved h er too d ea r ly

, .

Wh en the king h ea r d th is a n sw er h e sa id Sin ce P a blo , ,

r ea lly loves m y d a ug h ter w h i le P edr o a n d Ju a n do n ot for they

, ,

s h o t a t th e flow er th a t r epr esen ts h er h ea r t P a bl o s h a ll m a r r y ,

”
th e pr i ncess .

An d so P a blo m a r r i ed th e ki ng s d a ug h ter a n d i n ti m e be
’
,

ca m e ki ng of th a t countr y .

( )
d L E G END or P R I NCE o swrrm o .
l

upon a tim e o n a m oonl ig h t n ig h t thr ee young m en

O n ce , ,

w ere w a lki ng m onotonou s ly a l on g a so lita r y coun tr y r oa d .

Ju st w her e th ey w er e g o ing nobody could tell : b u t w h en th ey

ca m e to a pl a ce w h ere th e r oa d br a n ch ed i n to th r ee th ey s to pped ,

th er e l ike n a il s a ttr a cted by a pow er ful m a g net At th is cross .

r oa d s a h elpl ess o ld m a n la y g r oa n i ng as if in m or ta l pa in At .

th e s ig h t o f t h e tr a ve ll ers h e tri ed to r a is e h is h ea d b u t in v a in , .

Th e th r ee com pa n i on s th en r a n to h i m h elped h i m up a n d fed , ,

hi m a p a r t o f th e r i ce th ey h a d w i th th em .

The sick old m a n g r a du a lly r eg a i ned str eng th a n d a t l as t ,

co uld s pea k to th em He th a nked th em g a ve ea ch of the

.
,

co m p a n ion s a hund r ed pesos a n d sa i d Ea ch on e of yo u s h a l l

“
, ,

ta ke on e of th ese br a n ch r oa d s At th e en d of i
-
t is a h ouse
.

w h ere th ey a r e sell i ng so m eth ing With these hund r ed pesos .

th a t I a m g i vi ng ea ch o f you you s h a ll buy the firs t th ing tha t

,

”
y o u s ee th e r e T h e th
. r ee y o u th s a cc e p ted th e m o n ey a n d ,

pr om ised to obey th e old m a n s d ir ections

’
.

P ed r o w ho too k th e l eft b r a n ch soo n ca m e to th e ho use

, ,

descr ibed by th e old m a n The ow n er of th e house w a s selling

.

”
a ra i n coa t
- How m u ch d oes the coa t cost ?
. P ed r o as ked
th e l a ndl or d .

Na ra ted b y Leopold U icha n c T ga log from Ca la m ba La Le g una

r o o. a a . .
 Fi
lipin o Popula r Ta les . 1 23

O n e hundr ed pesos , n o m or e, n o less .

”
O f w h a t va lu e i s i t ? sa i d P edr o .

I t wi ll ta ke you w herever you wis h to go So P edr o paid .

th e pr ice , took th e r a i n coa t, a n d retu r ned

- .

Dieg o w h o took th e m iddle roa d , a r rived a t a n oth er h ouse

, .

“
The own er o f th i s h o u se w a s sell i
ng a book How m u ch does
.

yo u r b o ok co s t ? D ieg o inqu i
r ed o f th e o w n er .

“ ”
O n e hundr ed peso s , n o m ore , n o l ess .

”
O f w h a t v a lu e is i
t?
I t wi ll tell you w h a t is g oing on in a ll p a r ts of the w or ld .

So Di eg o p a i
d th e pr ice, took th e book , a n d r etu r ned .

Ju a n , w ho took th e th ir d r oa d , r ea ched s till a n oth er h ou se .

Th e ow n er o f th e hou se w as sell i
ng a bottl e tha t conta ined so m e
“
violet colo r ed l i
-
qu id How m u ch d oes the bottle cost ? sa i
. d
Ju a n .

“
O n e hundr ed pesos , n o m or e, n o less .

O f w h a t va l u e i s i t?
I t br i n g s th e d ea d ba ck to l ife, w as the a nswer Ju a n .

pa id th e pr ice, too k th e bottl e a n d r etur n ed

, .

Th e th r ee tr a vellers m et a g a i n in th e sa m e pl a ce w h er e th ey
h a d se pa r a ted ; b u t th e old m a n w a s n ow n ow h er e to b e fo und .

“
The first to tell of h i s a d ven tur e w a s D i eg o O h , s ee w h a t I
.

” “
ha ve ! h e s hou ted a s h e ca m e i n si g h t o f h is co m p a n io n s I t .

tel ls ever yth i ng tha t is g oing on in th e w or ld Let m e s how .

”
y o u ! H e o pe n e d th e b o o k a n d r ea d w h a t a pp e a r ed o n t h e
“ ‘
p g
a e T h e b e a u tiful p r in ce ss o f B e r en g e n a i
s d ea d H e r .

pa r en ts rel a tives , a n d fr iend s g r ieve a t h er loss

, .

“ " “
Good ! a n sw ered Ju a n . Th en th er e rs a n occa s i o n for u s

to tes t th i s bo ttl e . I t r es tor es th e d ea d ba ck to l i fe O h b u t .

,

th e ki ng dom of B er eng en a is fa r a w a y ! Th e pr incess w ill b e

”
lon g bu r i ed befo r e w e g et th er e .

“
Th en w e s h a ll ha ve occa s i on to u se m y r a i n coa t sa id
-
,
“
P ed ro . I t wi ll ta ke u s w h erever w e w is h to g o Let u s tr y .

it ! We s h a ll r ecei ve a b i g r ew ar d f r o m th e k ing W e s h a ll
.

retu r n h om e w i th a ca sco full of m on ey To B er en g en a a t

.

”
on ce ! He wr a pped th e r a i n coa t a bo u t a ll th ree of th em a n d
-
,

wi s h ed th em i n B ereng en a . With in a few m inu tes th ey rea ched

th a t co un tr y The pr i
. nces s w as a l rea dy in the chu r ch , w h er e
her pa r en ts w er e w eep i ng over h er Ever ybody in th e chur ch
.

wore d eep m ou r n i ng .

When the th ree str a ng ers boldly en ter ed th e church , the

 Mem oir s of the Am erica n Folk Lor e Soci
-
ety .

g u a r d a t th e d oo r a rre s te d th e m fo r th ey h a d o n r ed
, c l oth es .

Wh en Ju a n pr otested a n d sa id th a t th e pr in cess w as n ot dea d

, ,

th e g u a r d i m m ed i a tely too k h i m to th e ki ng ; b u t th e ki ng ,

w h en h e h ea r d w h a t Ju a n h a d sa i d ca ll ed h im a foo l , .

”
Sh e i s only s l eepi ng sa id Ju a n , Let m e w a ke her u p .

” “
Sh e i s d ea d a n s wer ed th e ki
, ng a n gr ily O n you r l i fe .
,
”
don t you d a r e tou ch h er !
’

“
I w ill h old m y h ea d res pon sible for th e tr u th of m y s ta te
” “
m en t , sa id Ju a n Let m e w a ke h er up or ra th er n ot to
.
, ,

offend you r Ma j es ty r estor e h er to l i , fe !

“
Well I will let you do a s you pl ea se sa id th e king ; b u t
, ,

i f you r a ttem pt fa i ls you w i ll l ose you r hea d O n the oth er

, .

h a nd s h ould you b e s u ccessful I w ill g ive yo u the pr incess for

, ,
”
a wi fe a n d you s h a l l b e m y h ei
, r .

B li nd ed by h is l ove for the bea utiful pr in cess Ju a n said th a t ,

h e w ould r esto re her to l i fe “

Ma y you b e su ccess fu l ! sa id
.
"

th e ki ng ; a n d th en r a is ing h is voice h e continued Ever ybody

, , ,

here pr esen t is to bea r witness th a t I the King of B ereng en a , ,

do h er eby confir m a n a g r eem en t w i th th i s unkn ow n s tr a n g er .

I wi ll a llow th is m a n to tr y th e know l ed g e h e pretends to possess

o f r estor i ng th e pr in cess to l ife B u t ther e is th is cond ition to
.

b e und ers tood : i f he i s s u ccess ful I w i ll m a rr y him to th e pr in

,

cess a n d h e i
, s to b e m y h ei r ; b u t s h ould h e fa i l h is h ea d i s ,
”
for feit .

Th e a nn oun cem en t h a vi ng been m a de Ju a n w as condu cted ,

to th e coffin He n o w firs t r ea l i
. zed w h a t h e w a s und er ta ki ng .

Wh a t if the bottl e w as fa l se ! Wh a t if h e s h ould fa il ! Would

n ot h i s h ea d b e d a n g l i ng fr om th e r cpes of th e sca ffold to b e ,

h a il ed by th e m ul titude as th e r em a in s of a blockh ea d a dunce , ,

a n d a foo l ? Th e co ffin w a s o pen ed With th ese m ed ita tions .

in hi s m i nd Ju a n tr em bl ing ly un cor ked h is bottle of viol et

,

l iqu id a n d h eld it under th e nose of th e pr incess He h eld the

, .

bo ttl e there for som e tim e b u t s he g a ve n o s ign s of l ife An

, .

h ou r lon g er still n o tr a ce of l ife After hou rs of w a iting the

, .
,

peo pl e beg a n to g r ow im pa tien t Th e king scr a tched his h ea d .

,

th e g u a r d s w er e r ea dy to sei ze h i m ; th e sca ffo ld w as w a i ting

for h i m
“
Na m eless s tr a ng er ! th undered th e king with
.
,
“
ind ig n a n t eyes upon you r honor tell u s the tr u th ! C a n you
, ,
”
do i t or n ot ? Spea k
, I com m a nd i . t!
Ju a n tr em bl ed a ll the m ore He d id n ot know w h a t to sa y
.
.

b u t h e con ti nu ed to h old th e bottl e under the nose of th e prin

126 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n F olk L ore Soci
ety -
.

Wh ile th ey p u zzl ing over it a n old m a n s pra n g for th

w er e ,

from the cr ow d o f s pecta tors a n d decl a r ed th a t h e w ould settl e ,

“ ”
th e d i fficu l ty Yo ung m en h e sa i d a dd ressi n g Ju a n P ed ro
, , , ,

a n d Di eg o , non e o f you s h a ll m a rr y th e pr inces s You .

,

J u a n s h a ll n ot m a rr y h er beca use you in tend ed to ob ta in you r

, ,

for tu n es r eg a r dl ess o f you r co m p a n i on s w ho h a ve been h elp i ng

y o u to g e t th e m A n d y.o u P e d r o a n d D ieg o s h a ll, n o t h a v e ,

th e pr i n cess beca use you did n ot a ccept you r m is for tune

,

qu ietly a n d th a nk God for it None of you s h a ll ha ve her I

. .

wi ll m a rr y h er m yself .

The pr i n cess w ep t How could th e fa ires t m a iden of B er en

.

“ ”
g e n a m a rr y a n o l d m a n ! Wh a t r ig h t h a v e yo u t o c l a im h er ?
s ai d th e king in scor n .

“
I a m the on e w h o s how ed th ese th ree co m pa n ion s w h ere
“
to g et th ei r bo ttl e r a i n coa t a n d book sa id th e old m a n
,
-
, I , .

a m th e on e w h o g a ve ea ch o f th em a hund r ed pesos I a m th e .

”
ca p i ta l i
s t : th e i n teres t is m i ne Th e o ld m a n w as rig h t; .

th e cr ow d cl a pped th ei r h a nd s ; a n d the pr i n cess could do n oth ing

b u t yi eld . Bi tter ly w eepi ng sh e g a ve h er h a nd to th e old m a n
, ,

w h o seem ed to b e h er gr a ndfa th er a n d th ey w er e m a r r i ed by ,

the pr i est . Th e ki n g a l m os t fa in ted .

B u t j u st n ow th e s u n beg a n to r i se i ts so ft bea m s fil ter i ng ,

th r ou g h th e ea s ter n w i ndow s o f th e chur ch Th e n ew ly .

m a rr i ed co upl e w er e led fro m th e a l ta r to b e ta ken h o m e to th e

pa l a ce ; b u t j u s t a s th ey W er e d escend ing th e s teps th a t l ea d

,

dow n fr om the a l ta r th e w ho l e chur ch w a s flood ed w ith l ig h t

, .

All p r esen t w er e s tu p efied Th e g lor i ou s i .llu m in a tion d id n ot

l a s t lo ng Wh en the peo pl e r ecover ed th ey found th a t their
.
,

pr in cess w a s w a lking w ith h er hu sb a nd n ot a n old m a n h ow , ,

ever , b u t a g a ll a n t yo un g pr i n ce Th e king recog n i z ed h i .m .

He ki ssed h i m for th ey w er e old ti

, m e a cqu a i n ta n ces The -
.

king s n ew son ln la w w a s no n e other th a n P r ince O sw a ldo w ho

’
- -
,

h a d ju st been set fr ee fro m th e bo nd s o f en ch a n tm en t by hi s

m a rr i age . He h a d been a for m er s u i tor o f th e pri n cess b u t ,

h a d been en ch a n ted by a m a g i ci an .

With m a g n ificen t cer em ony th e king s son in la w w a s con ’

- -

du cted to th e r oya l r es id ence He w a s sea ted o n the th rone . ,

the cr ow n a n d sceptr e w er e tr a n s ferr ed to h i m a n d h e w as ,

h a iled as King O s w a ldo o f B ereng en a .

 Fi
lipin o P opu la r Tal es . 127

NO TES .

I ha ve s till a fifth F il ip ino s tor y (e) of th ree brother s settin g ou t to

s eek th eir for tu n es thei r ri,ch fa th er pro m i ng hi
si s es ta te to th e son w h o

s hou ld show m os t s k i ll in the p rofess ion he h a d chosen This B icol .

vers io n w hi ch wa s n a rra ted by Si

, m eo n P a z of Nu eva Ca cere s Ca m a ,

ri ne
s con ta i
, n s a lon g i n tro du cti o n tell i
n g how th e you n g es t b rother

wa s cru elly tr ea ted by th e tw o ol der After the three ha ve left hom e

.

in sea r ch o f p rofes sion s th e o l der broth er s tr y to k i

, ll the you n ges t b u t ,

he esca pes I n hi
. s w a n der i n g s he m eets w i th a n old her m i t w ho o n , ,

hea ri n g th e b oy s s tor y p resen ts hi th a m a g ic b ook let a n d da gg er

’
m wi, .

Thw e a r ticles ca n fu r n i sh thei r posses sor w i th w ha tever h e w i shes .

At th e a p poi n ted ti m e th e th ree b ro ther s m ee t a g a i n a t hom e a n d ,

a ch
e dem o n s tr a tes h i
s s kill The oldes t, who ha s b ecom e a n ex per t
.

black s m i n g a t fu ll s p eed
th , s hoes a hor se ru n n i Th e secon d brother , .

m s th e ha i
a b a r b er , tr i r o f a ru n n ing m an Th e you n ges t ca u ses a .

b ea u tifu l pa la ce to a p pea r in sta n tly The fa ther , som ewha t u n .

fa i s es ta te o n th e y ou n g es t, w ho h a s rea l ly d i
r ly, p er ha ps , b es tow s hi s

l
p y
a ed no s k ll
i a t a ll .

Th w e five F i l ip in o s tories b elon g to a la rge g rou p of ta les to w hich

we m a y g i ve th e n a m e of th e Riva l B rothers ”
Th i s cycle a ss u m es .

o u s for m s ; b u t th e tw o th i
va r i n g s th a t i fy the r el a tion ship of the
den ti
m em ber s a re the r iva lr y of the b rothers a n d th e co n u n dr u m or prob
lem
”
en di n g of th e s tor i es With in this cycle we ca n d is tin g u ish a t
.

lea s t thr ee s i m p le d i , s tin ct ty pes a n d a com pou n d fo u r th m a de u p o f

,

p a r ts o f t w o o f th e o t h er s T h e
s e f
.o u r t yp e s m a y b e v er y g e n er a lly
ou tl i n ed a s fo ll ow s : ( 1 ) A n u m b er of a r ti sa n s ( u s u a lly n ot bro thers ) ,

b y w or k i n g cu m u l a ti vely as i t w er e m a k e a n d b r i
, , n g to l i fe a b ea u tifu l
wo m a n ; they then q u a i r el a s to w h i ch o n e h a s r ea lly p rod u ced her a n d

is th erefore en ti tl ed to h a ve h er ( )
11 T h .ro u g h th e c o m b in ed s k i ll o f
th r ee s u i tor s (so m eti m es b r other s often er n o t) a m a i
, den i s sa ved fro m ,

da th a n d th e thr ee q u a rr el over the posses s i

, on o f h er Th e d i fficu l ty .

is s olved s a ti s fa ctor i ly b y her fa ther or by som e on e el se a ppoin ted to

j g
u d e .
( 1 11 ) A fa th er p r o m i
s es his w e a l th t o th e so n t h a t s h a ll b e

com e m os t s k i l fu l in h is p rofess ion ; the three son s seek their for tu n es ,

a n d a t a n a p poi n ted ti m e r etu r n a n d a r e tes ted b y thei

, r fa ther He .

j g
u d e s w h i c h i s m o s t w o r th y o f th e e s ta te I
( ) V A co m b in a t
.ion o f t h e

firs t p a r t o f the th i r d ty pe w i th the seco n d .

B en fey ( i
n Au s l a n d , 1 858 : 969 , 995 , )
1 0 1 7 , 1 038 , 1 06 7 h a s m a de a

som e w a t ex ha u s tive s tu dy
h ca ll s
o f the M archen , w h i
ch he
'

Da s
Mar ch en von den Men schen m it d en wu n der b a r en Eigen scha ften ”
.

As a m a tter o f fa ct h e ex a m i n es p a r ti
, cu l a r ly th e s tor i es o f o u r ty pe 1 1

(see a b o ve ) to w h ic
,h h e co n n ects th e fol k t a l e s o f ou r ty p es 11 1 a n d I-
V
as a la ter pop u l a r develop m en t As h a s b een sa i d i
. n th e n ote
s to
No . 1 1 , B e n fey th i
n k s th a t th e Skilfu l C om p a n ion s cycle is a dt Q “
”
1 28 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n F olk -L ore Soci
ety .

or com i
c o ffs hoo t of th is m u ch older grou p O u r type 1 h e does n ot .

di scu ss a t a l l poss i bly th in kin g th a t it is n ot a pa r t of th e R iva l

,
“

B r other s cycle I t s tr ik es m e how ever a s b ei

. n g a p a r t fu lly as , ,

m u ch as i s the Ski lfu l Com pa n ion s cycle w hich is per ha ps m ore

”
,

n ea r ly r el a ted to th e de Wa ger g r ou p th a n to the R i

“ ”
Br i va l B ro th

ers
”
. P r ofesso r G L Ki ttr edg e i n hi
s.
“
Ar thu r a n d Gor la gon
.
”
,

( Ha r va rd Stu d i es a n d No tes i n P hi lolog y a n d L itera tu re No , .

2 2 6 ha s l i
, k ewi se fa i led to differ en tia te clea r ly the two cycles a n d h is ,

ou tl i lfu l Com pa n ion s is tha t of ou r type 11 of the R iva l

“ ”
n e o f th e Sk i
B rothers I a m fa r: from w i
. sh i n g to q u a rrel o ver n om en cla tu r e ,

p o ss ib ly R i
v a l B r o th er s
"
is n o b ett er n a m e fo r th e g r o u p o f t a les

u n der di scu ss ion than i s

“
Ski lfu l Com pa n ion s ”
b u t as G H , , . .

Gero u ld ha s r em a r k ed ( Th e G ra tefu l Dea d F ol k Lore Soci

“ ”
ety ,
-
,

Ki ttr edg e s a n a lys i s w ou ld n ot h ol d for a ll va r i

’
1 907 1 2 6 n o te , a n ts ,

even w hen u n com pou n ded However Mr Ger ou ld does n o t a ttem pt .

, .

to ex p la i n th e ca u s e o f the co n fu s i on n or wa s h e ca lled u pon to do so ,

n hi
i s s tu d y of a n y l Con sequ en tly as n o on e
en ti
re ly di
s ti
n ct c c e. ,

else h a s yet don e so for th e sa k e of clea r n ess I p r op ose a di

, vision of ,

th e l a rg e fa m i ly of sa g as a n d fol k ta les dea l in g w ith m en en dowed -

n ar y p ow er s n to a t lea s t tw o cycl es
“
wi th ex tr aor d i i th e Ri va l ,
—

B rother s a n d the Sk i
“
”
l fu l Com p an ion s (see No Th e for m er ”
.

of th ese w hi ch i s th e g ro u p d i
, scu ssed here I s u bd i vi de as h as a l , ,

r ea d y b een i n dica ted i n to fou r types Of i n ter m i

, x tu r es of thes e typ es .

wi th oth er cycles w e s h a ll n o t con cer n o u r sel ve s her e tho u g h they ,

ha ve b een m a n y We n ow tu r n to a n ex a m in a tion of th e fou r ty pes

.
’ ‘ .

()
1 T y p e 1 h a d it s or ig in i n I n dia d o u b tl e
s s T h e o l de s t for m seem s , .

“ ”
to b e tha t in fou n d
th e Sa n scr it n ga ti
Vetala p a n ca vi , No 22 , .

w hen ce i t wa s i n co r por a ted in to Som a d eva s s tor y co llecti o n ( tw el fth

’

cen tur y ) ca l led th e An ou tl in e of th is las t

“ ”
Ka th és a r i
tsag a r a .

ver s i
on (Ta w n ey ’
s tr a n s l a tion , 2 : 34 8 —
350 ) i
s as follow s .

1
W h ether or n ot th ese p owers res i e i d
n the m en th em selves. w h o ha ve a c u i
re q d th em

th ro u g h p ra cti
ce. or i
n m ag i
c o bjects ch th ey fin d
w hi presen ted w i
or a re th Ben fey .

( la c cit p 969)
. ., . m a ke s two d itis n ct cycles on a n rel y d lfl er en t as i
en ti s from m i
n e. oth b b
d er i
ve d f m I di
ro n a : th e one tel l i
ng of th e ex tr a or i
n a r y en ow m en ts d d of m en ; th e o th er . of

ex tra or di y p p
na r ro erti
es of ob ects j (l e
. m ag i
c o bj ects) . It see m s to me a m i
sta ke. h ow
ever . to m a ke a cycle of s secon d g rou p . for m a g i
th i cles a re on l y m a ch ln er y i
c a rti n n

stor y. A fa m i
ly of folk -ta les ca n n ot turn m erely o n thi
n gs : th e m ag i
c o bjects a re on ly
la ten tl y po werf u l u n ti
l guie dd a n d con trolled b y th e h u m a n hero .

F or ex a m p le.
“
Th e G ra tefu l Dea d .
” “
Joh n th e B e
a r.
” “
Th e C hil d and th e Ha n d .

The m os t recen t i
n ves ti
g a ti s th a t of
s cycl e th a t I k n ow of i
on of th i W . E F a m h a rn
.

i
n con necti
on wi
th th e sou rces of C h a u cer
’
s P a r l em en t of Fou les ( i P u b lica tio n s of th e
”
n

M od ern La n g ua g e Associa tion . 32 : 502— 1

5 3 Dr . Fa n h a m ha s na m ed th e cycle
r
“
Th e Con ten ding L overs . th e stories of w h i
ch . h e
’
sa ys. fa ll i
n to si
x clea r ly k
m a r ed typ es
My di on of
s cuss i th e cycle m a y re qu ire som e m od ifica tion ‘
m th e l i
g h t of hi
s s u t d y; b ut I
i n ted i
n ve p r i t here l w r o te i two yea rs b efore Dr F a rn ha m
’
as t. so m e . s a rti
cle ca m e
to m y n o tice .
deck ed w i t ex q u i
sihte j ew e s , b u t n a k ed ; co n seq u en tl l
he m a k es n ea t y
h
clo t es b eco m i n g a b ri de, a n d d r esses h er en the herrn i
’
t s tu r n to . Wh
h y
wa tc co m es , h e p r a s to G od t a t the g u r e m a y a ve i fe ; a n d it b eg in s toh fi h l
s pea k i l
k e a u m a n b ei h
ng .

I n the m o r n i n g a ll fo u r fa des per a te i n o ve w i t ll

the wo m a n , a n d ly l h
ea c h l
c aim s her a s h i s Fi n al t e co m e to a ft perso n , a n d refer
. ly h y fi h
the m a tter to h i m He c a im s her to b e hi . s wi l
fe, w ho ha s b een sed u ced
fro m hi s h
o u se, a n d h l
a is the fo u r tr a ve ers b efo r e the cu tw a l B u t th e ll .

cu tw a l fa s i n ll
o ve w i t l
the wo m a n , sa s t a t s he i h s hi s b r o t er s w i fe , y h h ’

a ccu ses th e five o f h i s b r o t er s m u r der , a n d ca rr i h

es t em b efor e the ca z i
’
h .

l
The ca zi. n o ess en a m ou r ed , sa s t a t the wo m a n i s hi s bon dm ai y h
d , w h o ha d
a b sco n ded w i t m u c m on e h h
fter th e seven a ve di y A
s p u ted a n d w ra n g ed
. h l
l
a o n g ti m e, a n o ld m a n i n the cro w d t a t h a s m ea n ti m e g a t er ed s u g g es ts h h
h
t a t th e ca se b e a i l
d b efor e the Tr ee o f Deci si on w i c ca n b e fo u n d i n a , h h
cer ta i n to w n en t e. Wh hyh
a ve a ll co m e b efo r e the tr ee w i t the w o m a n , h
the tree d i vi des , the w o m a n r u n s in to the c eft, the tr ee u n i tes , a n d s he h a s l
di sa pp ea red fo re ver voi ce fro m the tr ee t en sa s ,
. A “
E ver t in g te h y yh
tu r n s to i ts rs t p rin ci p fies
”
T h e s ev en s u ito rs a r l
e o ver w e m ed w i
. t hl h
s h a m e.

A Mon g ol ia n for m , to be fou n d in th e Ar dsch iB or dsch isa g a (see -

B u sk , 2 98 seem s to fu r n ish th e l in k of con n ection b etwee n

“ ” “ ”
th e Ti
l tl n am a
-
h on a n d
vers i Vetfila p a n ca vi
n ga ti
, Nos . 22 an d

I N VENTED W O MA N ? wa o
F ou r s h ep h er d you th s p a s tu r e th ei
r fl o ck s n ea r o n e a n o th er , a nd w h en t e hy
h a ve ti
m e am u se h
t em se ves tog et er l h . O n e da y o n e of h
t em h
t ere a o n e, l
to p ass a wa y m e, ta k es w ood a n d
th e ti it u n ti l he h a s fa s i o n ed s cu lpt u r es h
l
fu fem a e for m
a b ea u ti l Wh
en he sees w a t h e h a s do n e, h e ca res n o m ore
. h
for h i s co m p a n i o n s , b u t g oes h i s wa y The n ex t da y the seco n d o u t co m es . y h
a l o n e to th e p a ce, a n d , l n di n g th e i m a g e, h e p a i fin ts i t fa i r wi t th e five h
l
co or s a n d g oes hi
, s wa y O n th e t i r d d a y th e t i
. rd ou t h
n d s the s ta tu e, h y hfi
and i n fu ses i n to i t wi t a n d u n der s ta n d i ng He, too , ca r es n o m or e to s po r t .

wi t hhi s co m p a n i on s a n d g oes h i s wa y, O n the fo u rt da y the fo u r t . h h

y ou t hfi n d s th e g u r e a n d fi
b r ea t i n g s o
, ft in t o its i , h
ps , b e o d ! h e g i ves ly l h l
i l h
t a so u t a t ca n b e o ved , l
a b ea u ti fu w om a n l .

Wh h
en th e o t er t ree see w a t h a s h a p pe n ed , t e h
co m e b a ck a n d de h hy
m a n d p ossess i o n o f h er b y r i g t o f in v e n tio n E a c u r g es h ih
s c ai m ; b ut . h l
hy
t e ca n co m e to n o d eci sio n , a n d so t e la y th e m a tter b efore th e k i ng hy .

Th e q u es ti on i s Wh o h a s i , n ven ted th e w o m a n , a n d to w o m d oes s h e b e o n g h l

b y ri g t? h T h e a n s w e r o f th e k i n g i s a s fo o w s :
“
T h e rs t o u t s ta n ds i n ll fi y h
l
th e p a ce o f a fa t er to her ; the seco n d h o u t , w h o h a s ti n ted h er fa i r , y h ly
s ta n d s i l
n th e p a ce o f a m o t er ; th e t i rd, i h
s he n o t L a m a ( B u dd i s t p ri h
es t, h
h en ce i n s tr u cto r ) ? Th e fo u r t h a s g iven h er a so u t a t ca n b e oved , h l h l
a nd i ti l
s he a o n e w h o h a s rea m a de h er Sh e b e o n g s to h i lly
m , a n d t ere . l h
fore h e i s h er u sb a n dh "
.

I ca n n o t re r a i
n f fr om g i
v i
n g a r ésu m é of Vetala p a n ca v i
n ga ti
,
”

NO . 2, t h a s b een over look ed b y B en fey, a n d seem s to b e

b eca u se i
in con n ecti
on w ith ou r cycl e : i
t es ta b l i
s hes th e
 li
Fi pino P opu la r Ta l es . 1 31

con n ecti
on betw een types 1 a n d 11 . Th i
s a b s tr a ct i
s ta k en from Ta w
n ey s
’
l
tra n s a ti
on of So m a deva
’
s r ed a cti
on , 2 24 2 —
2 44

STO R Y O F TH E THR EE Y O U N G B R A H MA N S W HO R ESTO R ED A DE D L A ADY TO

I
L F E.

h
B ra m a n Ag n i svam i n h as a b ea u ti fu d a u g ter , Ma n d ér a va tf
'

T ree l h . h
y o u n g B r a m a n s , he q u a l m a t c e d in a cco m ly
p is m e n ts , c o m e h
to A g n i
s v a l h
mi n , a n d dem a n d th e d a u g ter , ea c for i m se f h
Her fa t er refu ses , fea r h h l
. h
in g to ca u se th e dea t of a n y o n e of t em h Ma n déra va tf rem a in s u n h .

m a rr ied . h
Th e t ree s u itors s ta a t her ou se da y a n d n i y
g t, i vi n g o n th e h h l
sig t h o f h er T en . M a n d éh
r a v a tl s u dd e n d i es o f a fev e r T h e t ree ly . h
B r ah m a n s ta k e her b od to the cem eter a n d b u r n i y t O n e b u id s a b u t y . l
th ere , a n d m a k es h er a s es h i h
s b ed ; th e seco n d ta k es h er b o n es , a n d g oes

wi h
th t em to the sa cr ed r i ver G a n g es ; the t i r d b ecom es a n a sce ti c, a n d h
sets o u t tr a ve i ng ll .

Wh il e roa m i
ng a b ou t, the t hidhe i r
s su i
to r r ea c es h a ll
vi a g e, w h er e

en ter ta i n ed b y a B r a m a n F ro m h i h
m the asceti c s tea s a m a g i
. c b oo k l
th a t w i res to r e i ll l
fe to dea d a s es ( He h a s seen its p ower p roved a fter h .

hi s h
os tess , i n a fit of a n ger , t row s h er cr i n g c id i h
n to the fire ) it y hl . W h
hi s m a gi c b oo k he retu rn s to the cem eter b efor e the seco n d s u i tor h a s y
th r ow n th e m a i den s b o n es i
’
n to the r iver fter a vi n g th e rst B ra m a n . A h fi h
rem ove th e h u t h e h a d er ected , the a sce ti c, r ea d i
n g the c a r m a n d t r owi ng h h
h
som e d u s t o n th e a s es of Ma n d ar a va tl , ca u ses th e m a i d en to ri se u p a i ve, l
m or e b ea u ti fu t a n ever l h h
T en th e t ree q u a rr e a b o u t her , ea c c a im in g
. h l h l
her a s h i s ow n The rst sa s
.
“
She is mi fi
n e, for p r e se ry
ved h
, er a s es a n d I h
res u sci ta ted her b y a sceti cism The seco n d sa s , “
Sh e b e o n g s to m e,
. y l
for s h e w as p r od u ced b y th e effica c o f sa cred b a t i n g - p a ces
”
The t i rd y h l . h
sa ys ,
“
Sh e i s m y wi fe, for s he w a s wo n b y th e po w er o f m y c a r m h .

The vetdla , w ho ha s b een te in g the s tor , n ow p u ts the q u es tio n to ll y

Ki n g Vi k r a m a s en a
“
The k in g r u es a s fo o ws : The t i
. rd B ra m a n m u st l ll h h
b e co n s i h
dered a s her fa t er ; th e seco n d , a s her so n ; a n d the r s t, a s her fi
h u s b a n d , for h e la y in th e cem eter em b r a cin g h er a s es , w i c wa s a n y h h h
”
a ct of d eep a ffecti on .

A m oder n l i s th e Georg i
nk i a n fo l k ta le o f Th e Ki n g a n d th e A pp l e -

( W a r d ro p , No m ) , i
n w h i
c h th e
. ki n g s m a g i
c a p p l e t ell s th r ee r i
d d l e
’

es to th e w on der fu l b oy :
s tor i

( )
1 A
w om a n i s tr a ve i n g wi t h er u s b a n d ll b r o t er h
Th e p a r t h a nd h . y
m eets b r i
g a n d s , a n d th e tw o m en a r e d eca p i
ta ted T ei r ea d s a r e r es to r ed . h h
h
to t e m b y the w o m a n t ro u g th e e p o f a m a g i h c h
er b r evea ed to h er b y a hl h l
m o u se H owever , s h e g ets her u s b a n d s ea d o n her b ro t er s b od
. h ’
h h ’
y .

Q . i c mWh h
a n i
s th e r i g t u s b a n d ? T h eh h
o n e w i t th e u s b a n ds A . h h ’

h ea d .

( )
2 j o in eA
r , a t a io r , a n d a p r i
e s t alr e tr a ve in g e n n ig t co m es , ll . Wh h
y
the a p p o i n t t r ee w a tc es h h
Th e j oin er fo r a m u se m en t cu ts d ow n a tr ee
. , ,

a n d ca r ves o u t a m a n Th e ta ior in h i s tu r n
. ta k es o h hi l
s c o t es a n d, ,
'

l h
dres s es th e g u r e fi
The p r i es t w en hi
. s tu r n co m es p r a s fo r a so u
, h fo r , y l
the i m a g e, a n d the g u r e b e co m e s a ivfie Q —
W h o m a d e th e m a n ? l . .

A . He w h o ga ve him the so u l .
 Mem oirs of ca n Folk L ore Soci
the A m eri ety -
.

( 3) A vi
di n er , a p hy i
ci s an, a nd a swift r u n n er a r e m et tog et er h . The
di vin er s a s , T ere i y “
h
n p ri
s a cer ta i n ce i ll wit s u c a n d s u c a di sea s e h h h .
”

hy
The p sicia n sa s , “
y I
k n ow a cu r e
”
The swift r u n n er sa s , “
wi r u n . y I ll
wi t iht
”
. hy
Th e p sicia n p r ep a r es th e m edi cin e the r u n n er r u n s wi t it, , h
a n d th e p r i s cu r ed
n ce i Q W h o c u red th e k i
n g s
. so n ? H e
. w ho
’
A .

m a d e th e m ed icine .

These thr ee s tor i

es , th thei
wi r fr a m ewor k , a p pea r to b e descen ded
in p a r t from th e Ar dsch iB or d sch isa g a A co n n ection b etw een the
-
.

th ir d a n d ou r ty pe 1 1 i s ob vi ou s .

A Bo hem ia n form of th is ty pe is No 4 o f Wr a tisla w s collection ’

. .

( )
1 1 T y p e 11 a cc or d in g t o
, B en fe y , a l so or i
g in a te d i
n I n d i
a T h e .

o ld es t k n ow n fo r m o f th e s tor y i
“ ”
s th e V etal a p a n ca vi n ga ti , No 5 . .

ef s u m m ar y of Som a deva s ver s i The Stor y of So m a pr a b h a

“ ’
A bri on ,

a n d h er Th r ee Su i tors
”
(T a w n ey 2 : 2 5 8 m a y b e g iv e n h ere : ,

I n U n a yi
n f t er e i h l
ved a B r a m a n w h o ha d a n ex ce en t so n a n d a b ea u ti h ll
fu l p r ou d da u g ter h
en th e ti . Wh
m e for h er to b e m a rr i
ed ca m e, s he to d l
h
h er m o t er to g i ve the fo o w i ll
n g m ess a g e to her fa t er a n d h er b r o th er : h
I a m to b e g iven i n m a r ria ge o n to a perso n p ossessed of er oi s m , k n ow ly h l
”
ed g e, o r m a g i
c p o w er .

A n ob e l h
B ra m a n ( No . 1) in tim e ca m e to th e fa t h
er a n d a s k ed for hi
s

h
d a u g ter s a n d
’
h en . Wh co n di tion s l
to d of the , h e sa id,
“
I
a m poss ess ed

o f m a gi c po w er , a n d to d em o n s tra te, h e m a de a c a r i o t a n d too k th e fa th er h

fo r a r ide i n th e c o u ds l
T en Ha r i s vam i . h
n , the fa t er , p rom i sed h i s d a u g ter h h
h
to th e B r a m a n p ossessed o f m a g i c p o w er , a n d set th e m a rr i a g e d a y seven

y h
da s en ce .

A h h
n o t er B r a m a n ( No 2 ) ca m e a n d a s k ed the so n for h i . s si s ter s and
’
h .

Wh l
en to d the co n d i tio n s , h e sa i d t a t he w a s a ero , a n d he d i s p a ed h h ly
hi ll
s sk i i n the u se of w ea po n s The b ro t er , ig n or a n t of w a t h i. s fa t er h h h
h a d do n e, p r o m i sed h i s si s ter s a n d to t i s m a n , a n d b y the a d vi
’
h ce of h
l l
a n a s tr o o g er h e se ected th e sa m e d a y fo r th e w ed di n g a s hi s fa t er h a d h
l
se ected .

A h t ih r d B r a m a n ( No 3) o n t a t sa m e d a y
. a s k ed th h
e m o t er for h er h
h h
d a u g ter s a n d , sa i
’
y
n g t a t h e w a s p ossessed o f wi h sd o m g n o r a n t of . I
h h
w a t h er u s b a n d a n d her so n h a d d on e, s he q u es ti o n ed t i s B ra m a n a b o u t h h
the p a s t a n d the fu tu r e, a n d a t en g t p ro m i sed h i l
m h er da u g ter s a n d o n h h '
h
th e sa m e seven t da y h .

O n th e s a m e da y, t en t ree b r i h h
d egr oo m s a ppea r ed , a n d , s tr a n ge to sa y,
,

h
o n t a t ver y
da y the b ri de d i sa ppea r ed No 3, wi t his k n ow ed ge , d i s . . h l
h
co ve r ed t a t s h e ha d b een ca r ri ed 0 6 b y a R ak s a sa No I m a de a c a ri ot h . . h
eq u i p ped w i h
t w ea po n s , a n d th e t ree s u i tors a n d Ha r i s vam i h
n wer e ca rr i ed to

h
th e R ak s a sa s a b o de
’
h
T er e No 2 fou g t a n d k i ed the dem o n , a n d a ll re
. . h ll
tu r n ed w i t the m a ih d en di A
s p u te t en a r o se a m o n g th e B r a m a n s a s to
. h h
h h
w i c w a s en ti tl ed to th e m a i d en s a n d Ea c se t fort his cl a im '
h . h h .

The vetdl a , w ho h a s b een te in g th e s tor , n ow m a k es Kin g Vik r a m a ll y

sen a deci de w i c h h
deserves the gir The kin g sa s t a t the gir o u g t l . y h l h
to b e g i ven to No 2 w ho r i s k ed h i
. s i
, fe in b a tt e to sa ve her Nos 1 a n d 3 l l . .

w er e o n i ly
n s tr u m en ts ; ca cu a to r s a n d a r ti l l
ficers a r e a w a s su b o rdi n a te l y
to o t er sh .
1 34 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n Fol k L or e Soci
ety -
.

I
( )V Th e fo u r th y r epresen ts t pe th e for m to w hich ou r fou r pr i
n ted
s tor i
es m os t cl osely a p pro x i
m a te . As r em a r k ed a b ove, t i
i s a com

bi
n a ti
on of th e th i y Th i s com bi
r d a n d the seco n d t pes n a tion a p p ea rs .

to h a ve b een developed i n E u r ope a l tho u g h as m a y b e seen from th e , ,

a n a lys i ly "
s of Vetala p a n ca vin ga ti No 2 i tm i g h t ea s i h a ve b ee n s u g ,
.
,

g es te d b y th e Sa n s cr i
t C o m p a re a l so th e S id d h iK. fi r f or m o f -
"

ty pe 11 w her e a l th o u g h n ot b rothers a n d s i
, , x i n n u m b er i n s tea d o f ,

th ree , the x com ra des set ou t

si to seek t ei
r or tu n es f h . B u t her e there
i
s on o f
n o s u gg es ti th e si ri
x ac u i ng q ll : they ha ve
s ki th a t b efor e they
sep a ra te.

The ea r l ies t k n ow n E u ropea n vers i

on of th i
s t pe i
s y Mor lim 8,

Nov 30 (a b ou t
. Hi s La ti n w a s tr a n s la ted by Str a pa rola
( a b o u t 1 553) i
n th e
“
T r ed i
ci p i
a cevo l iNo tti
”
V II , 5 , . In out i
ne l hi
s

ver s i on ru n s a b ou t a s follow s :

Th r ee b ro th er s , so n s o f a po o r m a n , vo l u n ta r i ly l ea ve h om e to s ee k t ei
r h
for tu n es p ro m i, si n g to r etu r n i n ten ea rs fter deter m i ni y
n g o n a m eeti ng . A
p la ce, t e hysep a r a te The r s t ta k es s er vice wit so di
. fi er s , a n d b eco m es h l
ex per t i n the a r t of w a r : h e ca n sca e w a s , d a gg er i n a nd l
Th e seco n d ll h .

b eco m es a m a s ter s i p w r i
g t T h eh t i r d s pe n d s h h
i
s t i
.m e in t h e w oo d h
s , a n d
b eco m es sk i ed i ll
n th e to n g u es o f b i r ds fter ten ea rs t e m eet a g a i n, . A y hy
a s a pp oi n ted ie t e a r e si
. Wh l h y
tti ng i n an i n n , th e o u n ges t ea rs a b i rd y h
h h
sa y t a t t er e i s a g r ea t tr ea s u r e idden b y t e cor n er s to n e o f th e i
h -
h nn .

h hy
T i s t e di
g pu , a n d r e tu r n a s w ea t m en to t eir fa t er s l hy
o u se h h ’
h .

A hn o t er b i r d a n n o u n ces th e i m p ri so n m en t o f th e b ea u ti fu Ag lea i n a l
to w er on a n i s a nd i l
n th e E g ea n Sea Sh e i s g u a r d ed b y a ser pe n t .Th e .

h
seco n d b r o t er b u ids a swi ft s i pl, in w ic a ll t r ee sa h
i to th e is a n d h h h l l .

h fi h l
T ere the rs t b ro t er c im b s the tower , res cu es Ag lea , a n d p u n d er s a ll l
the s er p en t s tr ea s u r e
'
i t the w ea t . W h
a n d th e ad the t r ee r etu r n lh l y h
A di s p u te n ow a r i s es a s to w i h h
c b r o t er h a s th e b es t c a i m o ver h er hThe l .

m a tter i l
s eft u n deci d ed b y th e s tor -te er y ll .

At th e beg in n in g of th e s even teen t h cen tu r y , l

B a s ie w or kin g , ver y
l ik ely on or a l tr a d i
tion , and n d epen den t
i of Str a pa r o la (w ith w hose
w or k h e does n o t a p pea r to h a ve b een n ted
ac uai q ) , g i
v es a n o t er h
“ ”
vers i
on , P en ta m er on e. v, 7

P a ci o n e, a po o r fa t er , se n d s h i h
s five g ood - for - n o t i n to the
n g so n s o u t i h
l
w or d fo r o n e ea r to y
ea r n a cr a ft l
T e retu r n a t the a p poin ted tim e . hy .

y
Du r in g the ea r th e e des t so n h a s lea r n ed t i l evi n g ; th e seco n d h a s ea r n ed h l
bo a t -
b u i i
d g;
n l th e t ir d h o w to s oo t w ih t the cr o ss b o w ; th e fou r t
,
-
h ha s h h
h
lea r n ed of a n er b t a t w i ca u se the d ea d to r i h ll
se ; th e ft h a s ea r n ed fi h l
l
th e a n g u a g e o f b i rd s Wh l
ie th e five so n s a r e ea tin g w i
. t t eir fa t er , h h h
th e y o u n g es t so n h
ea r s s p a r r o w s sa in g t a t a g ou h a s s to len the p ri y
n h h l
cess , d a u g ter h Au to g olfo
o f the Th e a er s u g g es ts t a t hi
Kin g of s . f th h
five so n s g o to h er r es cu e So a b oa t i s b u it th e p r i
n cess i
. s s to e n fr o m l , l
h l
the g o u , th e g o u l p u r s u es a n d i h
s b i n d ed b y a s o t fro m th e b o w , the l h
p r i
n cess fa s in a d ea d ll
fa in t a n d i
s r es to r ed b y th e i
fe -
g i
v i
n g e r b fte r l h . A
th e five b ro t er s h
a ve r etu r n ed the p r i h n cess to h er fa t er , th e di s p u te a s h y
 li
Fi pino P opu la r Ta l es . 1 35

to w ho di d th e g rea tes t deed of p rowess so a s to b e wort o f b ein g her , hy

h us b a n d . Her fa t er the k in g d eci hd es the d i s p u te b y g i
vi n g hi s da u g ter h
to P a ci o n e , b eca u se h e i
s th pa
e r e n t-s te m o f a ll t ese b r a n c es h h .

B en fey th i n k s tha t th e bro ther w ho k n ow s l o f th e fe res tor in g

i -

h er b is a n or i g in a l a dd i
tio n o f B a s l
i e
’
s or o f his i
m m ed i
a te so u rce ;
b u t th is cha r a cter i s to b e fou n d in th e cycle from ea r l i es t ti m es (see
“ ”
Vetala p a n ca vi n ga t ,i No 2 ; a n d Si dd h iK lit , No
-
. .

Th e s tor y is n ex t fo u n d a s a Marcher: p retty w ell s ca tter ed throu g h

ou t Eu rope Ger m a n R u ss ia n B ohem ia n I ta l ia n G reek a n d

.
, , , , ,

cle a n d G r i
a n for m s a re k n ow n (see B en fey s a r ti
’
Ser b i
’
m m s n otes to ,

No . We m a y ex a m in e br iefly s ix in ter es tin g ver sion s n ot m en

on ed by Ben fey or G r i
ti mm

Gr eek ( Von H a n , N0 h ki n g wi
. A
t t ree so n s wis es to m a rr h h h y
06 th e e des t l He seek s a s u ita b e wi
. fe for th e p ri l n ce ; b u t w en s he i s h
h
fo u n d a n d b ro u g t to the cou r t, s he i s so b ea u ti fu , t a t a ll t r ee b r o t er s l h h h
wa n t her To d eci
. de t ei r di h
s p u te, the ki n g , o n a d vi ce sen ds t em a b r oa d , , h
p ro m isi n g t h e a n d o hf t h e p r i n c ess to t h e o n e w h o s a b r i
n g b a ck th e m o s t h ll
l
va l u a b e a r ti cle h
The t ree b r ot ers set o u t ; t e sepa r a te a t dr i
. h a n o p e, hy A l
a g reei n g to m eet t ere a g a i h
n a t a n a pp oi n ted ti me O n hi s tr a ve s , the . l
eld es t b u ys a te esco pe t ro u g l w i ch h h h
h e ca n see a n t i n g h e wi s es to see yh h .

y h ll
The seco n d b u s a n ora n g e t a t wi r es tor e to life the d in g if th e sick y
p e rs o n b u t s m el s o f t h l
e fru i t T h e t i r d . b u s a m a g ic h
t r a n s p o r ta tio n y
ca r pe t . hy
T e a ll m eet a s a g reed B y m ea n s o f the te esco pe o n e of th e
. l
l
b ro th ers ea r n s t a t the p ri h n cess i s d i ng y
The m a g ic ca r pe t ca rri . es t em h
a ll ho m e i n s ta n ta n eo u s , ly
a n d the or a n g e cu res the m a i d en q u a rr e . A l
a rises a s to w i c h h
b ro t er deserves h er a n dh h
The k in g , u n a b e to deci . de , l
m a r ri es h er im se f h l .

B ohem ia n ( a da u [ P r a g , Wl Da s ei se In t i W s t ere h h
a re th ree ri va b r o t ersl h
O n e ha s a m a gi
. c mi rr or ; a n o t er a m a g i c c a ri ot ; h , h
a n d th e t i h
r d , t r ee m a g i h c a p p les The r s t n ds o u t t a t the a d is
. fi fi h l y
desp er a te i ly
ll ; the seco n d ta k es i m self a n d hi h
s ri va s to h er ; a n d th e l
thi r d res to res h er to ea t h lh A di s p u te a ri
. sin g , a n old m a n d eci des t a t h
th e thi r d b ro t er s o u ld h h h
a ve h er , a s h i s a pp es w er e co n s u m ed a s m ed i l ci n e,

w hi h
l e th e o t er two s ti a ve t ei ll h h r c a ri ot a n d m i h
r ro r res pecti ve ( C o m ly .

p a r e th e d ec is io n in th e G e o r g i a n fo k ta le u n d er t ple -
y
Ser bi a n ( Mm e Mi j a to v
. ie s , 2 3 0
“
T h e T ree S u i to r s T ree n ohb e h l
m e n see k th e a n d o f a p r i h n cess As the kin g ca n n o t m a k e a c oi
. ce , h e h
sa ys to th e t ree , h Go tr a ve a b ou t th e w o r d l The o n e w h o b r in g s o m e l . h
th e m o s t r em a r k a b e t i l h
n g s a l b e m y so n i h l h la w As in the G ree k s tor ,
- -
. y
o n e g e ts a tr a n s p o r ta ti o n -
ca r p e t ; a n o t e r , a m a g ic te es c ohpe ; a n d th e t ir d, l h
11 w o n d er -w
o r ki n g oi n tm en t t a t wi cu r e a l l d i h ll
sea ses a n d even b r i n g th e

dea d to i fel h l
The t ree n o b em e n m eet, ea r n t ro u g the te esco pe of
. l h h l
the p r i n cess s m or ta il n ess , a n d ,
’
l l a s ten i n g to h er s ih de w i t th e e p o f the h hl
m a gi c ca r pet, cu re h er wi t the o i h
n tm en t di s p u te a ri ses as to w i. cA h h
su i tor s a ll h h
a ve her Th e k in g deci
. des t a t ea c ha s a s g ood a cla im a s h h
h
the o t e rs , a n d per s u a des a ll to g i ve u p th e i dea of m a rr i n g th e p r i n cess y .

y
The d o so . g o t o a fa r -o ff des er t, a n d b eco m e er m i ts , w ie the k i n g m a r ri h
es hl
hi s d a u g h ter to a n o t er n o b e h l
The s tor does n o t en d ere, b u t th u s
. y h
m u ch i s a ll w e a re i n teres ted i n .
 1 35

a n Tyr olese ( Sc n e er , No 1 4 ,
I ta l i Di e Dr eiLi eb a b erh ll . h Th i
s s to r y

is i l
k e Vo n H a n , No 4 7 h
The m a g ic ob j ects a re a n a pp e, a
. . l h
c ai
r , a nd a

mi rror I n the m a gi
. c mi rror th e t r ee s u itors see the b r i de o n h the po i
n t of

dea t h
T e a re ca r ri
. hy
ed to h er i n th e m a gi c c ai r , a n d s he h is sa ved b y

m ea n s o f the a p p e The s to r e n d s a s a ri l
dd e : Who m a rr i
. ed y l den ?
the m a i
“
I cel a n di
c Di
( R ittersh a u s No
e d rei F rei er u m ei
, ne .

h
T i s s to r , w i c c o se y h h l
follows the 1 00 1 Ni g ts
”
ve ly
rs i
o n a n d i
s p ob a b
r h ly
der i
ved fr o m i t a g rees i n th e fir s t p a r t wi
, t Vo n H a n , No 4 7 en a h h . . Wh
l
fo k tr ib u na l i
-
s ca ed to deci de w i c ll
b r ot er m os t d eser ves th e p r i n cess h h h
a nd is u n a b e to a g r ee, th e k i l
n g p r op oses a n o t er tes t a s oo ti n g m a tc h , h - h .

Th e p rin cess i s to b e g i ven to the o n e w ho ca n s oo t h i s a rr o w th e fa r t es t h h .

y
The o u n g es t rea l win s ; b u t, a s hi ly
s a rr o w g oes o u t o f si g t a n d ca n n o t h
b e fo u n d th e p r in cess i s gi
, ven to the seco n d b ro t er F ro m t i s p oi nt h . h
o n , th e a d ven tu r es o f th e h er o a r e der i
ved fr om a no th er c c e t a t yl h does n ot

b el on g w i t o u r g ro u p h .

I cela n d ic (Ri tter s h a u s , No Die K u n s tr ei c en B r uder .

— Al h
h
t ou g t i h h
s s to r i
s ver di y y
ffer en t fr o m a n y of o u r s , ca l a tten ti o n to it ere I l h
b eca u se Dr R itter s h a u s sa s ( p 1 8 1 ) t a t i
. n i t we a ve,y “
in a er d i n gs
. h h ll
ver w i h
s c ter F o r m , da s Mar c en vo n
‘
der Men sc en m i h
t den w u n d er b a r en h
a n d s h e r efers to B en fey s
’ “
us a nd
”
a r ti
ce Th e col A l l .

lector s ta tes , ow ever , t a t th e s tor ih s so d i h

fferen t fro m the o t er Md rchen y h
l
b e o n gin g to t i h ly h
s fa m i , t a t n o fu r t er p a r a e s ca n b e a dd u ced As a h ll l .

m a tter o f fa ct, t i s cela n di c s to r i h I

s a co m b i n a tio n of th e
“
Skifu C o m y l l
p a n io n s
”
c c e w it t h e yl
“
C i d a n d t hhe H a n d
”
c c e hl F o r t is co m b i
n e d yl . h
Md rchen , see Kittr ed ge, r t u r a n d Go r la g o n , A h
2 2 2 2 27
-
.

Itm i g h t b e n o ted , i
n p a ss i
n g , th a t a c o n n ectio n b etw ee n th i
s t p e o f y
th e
“
Ri va B ro ther s
”
l
a n d th e
“
Sk ifu Com p a n i on s
”
cyc e is es l l l
s h ed th r o u g h Go n zen b a ch s Si
ta b li
’
cii a n s tor of
“
Th e Seven Brothers l y
wh o ha d Ma g ic Ar ticles ,
”
No 4 5 . .
(See Koh l er
’
s n o tes to t h is ta e l
a n d a so No 74 ; to W i
l dter Wol f , NO 6 U a h r b
to .
-
. . f . ro m . u n d en g . li
t, .

V II] ; a n d to V Ta g ié, No 4 6 [Koh ler B ol te 438

-
. .
,

I ha ve n ot a ttem pted to g ive a n ex h a u s tive bib l iog ra ph ica l a ccou n t

s cy cl e o f th e va l B ro thers b u t ha ve m erely s u gg es ted
“ ”
o f th i Ri ,

p o in ts th a t s ee m to m e p a r ticu l a r ly s i
g n ific a n t i
n i
t s h i
s to r y a n d
develo p m en t So fa r a s ou r fou r F i . l ipin o ex a m ples a r e con cern ed ,

I thin k tha t it is p er fectly clea r tha t in their p res en t fo rm a t lea s t , ,

they h a ve b een der i ved fro m E u ro pe Ther e i s so m u ch d i ver g en ce .

a m on g th em however a n d they a r e so w idely s epa r a ted from on e

, ,

ca lly tha t i
a n o ther g eo gr a p h i t w ou l d b e fru i tl ess to s ea r ch for a com
,

m on a n ces tor o f the ou r f .

Iloca n o s tor y is th e b es t in o u tl in e a n d is fa ir ly close to G r im m

Th e , ,

No 1 2 9 thou g h ther e a re on ly three b r others in th e Fi

. , l ip in o ta le a n d ,

ther e is n o s ki ll con tes t held b y the m other b efor e the you ths set ou t to
rescu e th e pr i n ces s Th e a ll seei n g tel esco p e a n d th e cl ever th i
. ef -
,

how ever a r e fou n d in b oth The sol u tion a t the en d is th e s a m e : the

, .

s da u g h ter a n d di des ha l f a ki n g d om a m on g h er r escuers

fl
k eeps hi vi , .
1 38 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n F olk Lore Soci
ety - .

to tr y to m a ke th e poor m an ri
c h . So Ma y a m a n ca lled ou t

to th e w ood cu tter , a n d sa i
- d, Do you w an t to b e r i
ch , m y g oo d
”
m an ?
Cer ta i
nly , m as ter , I s hould l ike to b e r ich so th a t m y fa m ily ,
”
mi g h t n o t w a n t a ny t h in g sa id th e w, oo d cu tt er -
.

P oi n ting to h is l a rg e h ou se in the d is ta n ce Ma ya m a n sa id , ,

All r i g h t C o m
. e t o m y h o u se th is e ve n in g o n y o u r w a y h o m e ,

an d I wi ll g ive you fou r ba g s of m y m on ey I f you d on t b e ’

.

"
co m e r i ch o n th em co m e b a ck a n d I w i
, ll g ive yo u so m e m or e
, .

Th e w ood cu tter w a s over j oyed a t h i

-
s g ood lu ck a n d i n th e ,

even i ng w en t to Ma ya m a n s hou se w h ere he r ecei ’

ved th e m o ney
, .

He pl a ced th e ba g s in th e bo ttom of h i s ba n ca
l
a n d sa i led ho m e , .

Wh en h e r ea ched h is l ittl e cotta g e h e s prea d o u t a ll th e g o ld ,

a n d si lver m oney on th e fl oor He w a s del i .

g h t ed a t p os s es s i
n g
s u ch w ea l th a n d d eter m i
, ned firs t of a ll to buy hou se hold a r ticles
wi th i t ; b u t so m e d i s h o n es t n ei g hb o rs s oo n find in g o u t t h a t th
, e

w ood cu tter h a d m u ch m o ney i

-
n th e h ou se secr etly s to l e th e ,

ba g s .

Then the w ood cu tter r em em ber i ng the r ich m a n s pr om ise ’

-
, ,

h a s tily prepa r ed h is b a nca a n d sa il ed a cr oss to P a s ig Wh en .

Ma ya m a n sa w th e w ood cu tter he sa id Ar e you r ich n ow

-
“
, , ,

m y g oo d m a n ?
”
0 ki n d m a s ter ! sa id th e w ood cu tter I a m n ot yet r ich-
, ,
”
for so m e o n e s tol e m y ba g s o f m on ey .

“
Well h er e a r e fou r m ore ba g s See th a t you ta ke better
, .

”
ca r e of th em .

Th e w ood cu tter r ea ch ed ho m e sa fely w ith th i

- s n ew w ea lth ;

b u t unfor tun a tely i t w as s tol en too du r i ng th e n i

, g h t , .

Th r ee m o re tim es h e w ent to Ma ya m a n a n d ever y tim e te ,

cei ved fo u r b a g s o f m o n ey ; b u t ever y ti m e wa s i t s to l en fr o m

hi m by h i s n ei g hb o r s .

Fi n a lly on h is s i
, x th a ppl i ca tio n M a ya m a n d i d n ot g i
, ve th e

w ood cu tter m o n ey b u t pr esen ted h i

-
, m wi th a bea u ti ful r ing .

“ ”
Th i s ri ng w ill pr eser ve you fro m h a r m he sa i d a n d wi ll , ,

g iv e y o u e v er y t h in g y o u a s k for W ith it y o u c a.n b ec o m e th e

”
ri ch es t m a n i n to w n ; b u t b e ca r eful n o t to l o se i t!
Wh il e th e w ood cu tter w a s sa il ing hom e th a t even ing he
-
,

th ou g h t h e w o uld tr y th e r i ng by a s king it for so m e food So .

”
h e sa i d B ea u tiful r in g g ive m e food ! for I a m hungry
, , In .

an i n sta n t twel ve d iffer en t kind s of food a ppea red in h is b a n ca ,

A na tive d u g -ou t or ca n oe.

an d he h ea r tily B u t a fter h e h a d ea ten th e wind ca l m ed
a te .
,
“
d ow n : so he sa i d to th e r ing 0 bea u tiful r ing ! blow m y ba n ca
,

ver y h a r d so th a t I m a y rea ch h o m e qu i
, ckly He h a d n o .

soon er s po ken th a n th e w i n d r os e s uddenly The sa i l a n d m as t .

of hi s li ttl e bo a t w er e bl ow n a w a y a n d th e b a nca i , tself sa nk .

F or g etti ng a ll a bou t h is r ing th e unfortun a te m a n h a d to s wim

,

for h i s life He rea ched th e s hore sa fely b u t w a s g r ea tly d is

.
,

tr essed to find th a t h e h a d l os t h i s va lu a bl e r i ng So h e d e .

ci d ed to g o ba ck to Ma ya m a n a n d tell h im a ll a bo u t h is loss .

Th e nex t da y h e borr ow ed a ba n ca a n d s a i l ed to P as ig ; b u t
w h en Ma ya m a n h a d h ea r d h i d My g ood m a n
“
s s tor y h e sa i , , ,

Then Ma ya m a n tu r n ed to
”
I h a ve n oth i n g m or e to g i ve you .

end Ma h i Ma h ir a p
“
hi s fr i ra p a n d s a i
, d It i s you r tu r n n ow
, , .

See w h a t you ca n do for th i s poor m a n to en r i ch h i m Ma h i .

ra p g a ve the poor w ood cu tter five cen ta vos -

a ll h e h a d i n ,

hi s pocket a n d told h i
, m to g o to th e m a r ket a n d buy a
fish w i th i t for h i s s upper .

Th e w ood cu tter w a s d i
-
sa ppoi n ted a t receiving so s m a ll a n
a m ou n t a n d sa i
, led ho m ew a r d in a ver y dow n cas t m ood ; b u t
w hen h e a r r i ved a t hi s tow n he w en t str a i ,g h t to th e m a r ke t .

As h e w a s w a lkin g a r ound th e fis h s ta lls he s a w a ver y fin e -

,

l “
fa t fis h So he sa i
. d to th e tendera How m u ch m u s t I p a y
,
”
for th a t fa t fish ?
“
Well five cen ta vos is a ll I ll ask yo u for it sa id sh e
,
’

, .

O h I h a ve o nly five cen ta vos ; a n d i

, f I gi ve th em a ll to yo u ,

I sh a ll h a ve n o m on ey to buy r ice w ith So pl ea se let m e h a ve .

”
th e fis h for th r ee ! sa id the wood cu tter B u t th e tendera -
.

r efu sed to sell th e fis h for th r ee cen ta vo s ; a n d th e w ood cu tter -

w as o bl i g e d t o g iv e a ll h is m o n ey f or it fo r t h e fi s h w a s so fi,n e

a n d fa t th a t h e co uld n ot l ea ve i t .

Wh en h e w en t hom e a n d o pened th e fish to clea n it w h a t d o ,

y o u s upp o se h e fo und in s id e ? Why n o o th e r th in g t h

, a n t h e

precio u s rin g h e h a d l ost in the l a ke ! He w a s so rej oiced a t

g et tin g b a c k h is t r ea s u r e t h a t h e , w a lk ed up a n d d o w n t h e

str eets ta lki

, ng ou t l oud to h is r ing :
Ha h a h a h a !
, , ,

I ha ve fou n d you n ow
You a re her e a n d n ow here , e se . l
When hi s n ei
g hb o rs w h o h a d s to l en h is b a g s o f m o n ey fr o m h i
m
hea r d th ese w or d s , th ey th o u g h t th a t the w ood cu tter h a d found -

A Spa n ish word m ea n in g “

a wom a n w ho k eeps a ttle sh op
li o r store
1 40 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k Lore Soci
ety -
.

ou t eves , a n d w as a dd r ess i
th a t th ey w er e th e th i ng th ese word s
to th em . They ra n up to h i th a ll th e
m wi ba g s of m oney a n d ,
“
sa i ,d O wood cu tter ! pa r d on u s for -
ou r m i sd oi
ng s ! Here
”
a r e a ll th e b a g s o f m oney th a t w e s to l e fr om you .

With h is m oney a n d th e r ing , th e wood cu tter soon beca m e -

th e r i ch es t m a n i n hi s tow n He l i ved h a ppi ly w ith his w ife .

th e r es t o f h i ta g e to h i
s d a ys , a n d l eft a l a r g e h er i s ch i
ld r en .

So Ma h i rap , w i th five cen ta vos only , s u cceed ed i n m a ki

ng
the w oo d cu tter -
ri
c h .

( )
6 LUCAS m s R OP E MA KER !-

Lui
s and I sco w ere in tim a te fr iend s Th ey l ived in a coun tr y .

ca ll ed B a g d a d Th ou g h th ese two fr i . end s h a d been br o u g h t

u p tog eth er i n th e sa m e sch ool th ei d ea s w er e d iff er en t L u is

r i , .

bel ieved th a t g entl eness a n d kindness w er e th e second h ea ven ,

w hi le I sco s bel ief w as th a t wea lth w as th e sou r ce of h a ppiness

’

a n d pea ce i n li fe .

O n e da y w h i le th ey wer e ea ting I sco sa id ’

, Don t yo u b e , ,

l ieve m y fr i
, end th a t a r i ch m a n h ow ever cr uel h e m a y b e i
, s , ,

know n ever yw here a n d h a s g r ea t pow er over a ll h is p eo ple ?

A poor m a n m a y b e g entl e a n d k i nd b u t th en h e is d isd a infully ,

looked upo n by h is neig hbors .

“ ” “
Oh a n sw er ed L u i
, s I kn ow it b u t to m e ever ybody is , ,

th e sa m e I l ove th em a ll a n d I a m n ot ench a n ted by a nyth ing

.
,

th a t g l is ters .

My fr iend sa id I sco ou r conver sa tion is becom ing ser iou s

, , .

Let u s ta ke a w a lk th i s a fter n oo n a n d see h ow th ese th eo r i es

”
w or k o u t i n th e l ives of m en .

Th a t a fter noo n L u i s a n d I sco w en t to a tow n ca ll ed C oh rj a .

O n th ei r w a y th ey s a w a r o pe m a ker L u ca s by n a m e w h o by -
, ,

hi s cond i tio n s h ow ed h i s g r ea t s u ff er i ng fr o m pover ty He .

a pproa ch ed L u ca s a n d g a ve h i m a r oll of p a per m on ey s a yi ng , ,

”
Now L u ca s ta ke thi
, s m on ey a n d s pend i
, t j ud ici o u s ly .

L u ca s w a s over j oyed : h e h a r dly kn ew w h a t to do Wh en .

h e rea ch ed h om e he r el a ted to h i s wi fe Zel im a w h a t h a d h a p

,

pened to h im As h as been s a i . d L u cas w a s ver y poor a n d w as ,

a r ope m a ker
-
He h a d s i x li .ttl e ch ild r en to s uppor t ; b u t he
h a d n o m on ey w i th w h i ch to feed th em n or could h e g et a n y ,

th i n g from h is r ope m a king Som e d a ys he could n ot sell -

.

Narra ted b y Elisa C or dero a Tag a l og from Pag sa n ja n La g u na M iss Cor dero
. , .

sa ys th a t th e story is well kn own an d i

s old .
1 42 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k Lor e Soci
ety -
.

ng w ith w h ich to
th i p y th e m a n s he h a ppened to see the
re a ,

em pty j a r i n w hi ch h er hu s ba nd h a d secr etly p u t h i s m o n ey .

She fill ed th e j a r w i th da ra k a n d g a ve i t to th e r i ce seller -

.

Wh en L u ca s ca m e h om e h e w a s ver y h a ppy He told hi , s .

wi fe a bou t th e m oney h e ha d h idden B u t w hen he found ou t .

th a t th e m on ey w as g o ne h e w a s i n d es p a i r : h e di
, d n ot kn ow
w h a t to do He scolded h i
. s wi fe for h er ca r el ess ness As he .

co uld n ot endu re to see th e s u ffer i n g of his ch ild r en h e tried to ,

kill him self b u t h is ch ild r en pr even ted h im

, At l a s t h e con .

cl ud ed to b e qu i et ; for h e th o u g h t If I hur t m y w ife a n d sh e , ,

”
becom es sick I ca n t sta nd it I m u s t ta ke ca r e of h er
,
’
. .

Tw o m on th s pa ssed by a n d L u i s a n d I sco a g a i
, n visited th eir
fr i end L u cas Wh ile they w ere w a lking in th e str eet L u is
. ,

found a b ig piece of lea d He picked it up a n d p u t it in his .

pocket Wh en th ey r ea ched L u cas s ho u se th ey w er e as

.
’
,

ton i s h ed to see h i m i n a m ore w r etch ed cond i ti on th a n b efo re .

Lui s a s ked w h a t w a s th e m a tter Lu ca s rel a ted to h i m a ll th a t

.

“
h a d occu r r ed ; b u t L u i s ju s t s a i d O h n o ! you a re foo l ing u s , , .

We w ill n ot bel ieve you ”

L u ca s w a s ver y sa d
. He a s ked .

pa r don of L u is for his ca r eless ness a n d sa id Do n t incr ea se , ,

’

the bu r d en of m y s u ff er i n g by you r scold in g !

Now Lu i
, s w a s by n a tu r e g en tl e a n d p i tiful He could n ot .

endu re to see hi s fr ien d s u ffer i ng So he g a ve h im the lea d h e .

h a d found i n th e s tr eet sa yi ng Now ta ke ca r e of th a t ! Ma ybe

, , ,

you r w ea lth w ill com e fr om it Lui s a ccep ted th e l ea d n u .

wi ll ing ly for he th ou g h t th a t L u is w a s m ocking h im

, .

Wh en L u ca s w en t in to th e hou se h e th r ew the lea d a w a y in ,

th e cor n er a n d w en t to s l eep
, Du rin g th e n ig h t a n eig hbor
.

knocked a t th eir d oor a s king for a piece of l ea d for her hu s ba nd

, .

Th e n ei g hb o r s a id M y hu ,s b a nd is g o in g fi s h in g ea r ly in th e

m or n i ng , a n d h e a s ked m e to buy h i m som e l ea d for h i s line ,

b u t I for g ot i t I kn ow he w ill sco ld m e if I d on t h a ve som e

.
’

r ea dy fo r h i m L u ca s w h o w a s w a ken ed by th e ta lk to ld h i
.
, s ,

wi fe to g et the lea d h e h a d th r ow n in th e corn er When Zel im a .

found it s he g a ve it to th eir n ei
, g hb o r w h o w e n t a w a y h a ppy , ,

pr om ising th a t s h e w ould br ing th em the firs t fish h er hu s ba nd

s h ould ca tch .

Th e nex t m or n i ng L u ca s w oke ver y l a te Th e n eig hbor w a s .

a l r ea dy th er e w i th a b i g fi s h a n d Z e l i
m a w a s h a ppy a t h a vi
, ng
so m u ch to ea t Wh il e sh e w a s clea n in g the fish s he found a
.
,

brig h t stone in side it As s he d id n ot kn ow of th e va lue of th e

.
s to ne s he g a ve it to h er young es t son to pl a y w ith ; b u t w hen th e
,

o th er ch i ld r en sa w it th ey qu a rr ell ed w ith their br oth er a n d

, ,

tried to ta k e i t a w a y fr om h i m L u ca s too w a s i g n or a n t o f t
.h e , ,

fa ct th a t th e ston e w a s w or th a nyth i ng .

In fro n t of th eir h ou se l ived a r ich m a n na m ed Don Ju a n .

Wh en he h ea r d th e noise of h is neig hbor s ch ild r en qu a rr ell ing ’

h e sen t h i s wi fe to see w h a t w a s th e m a tter Don Ju a n s w ife .

’

sa w th e s to n e a n d w a n ted to h a ve i
, t ver y m u ch Sh e a s ked .

Zel im a to sell it to h er b u t Zel im a sa id th a t s h e w ould w a it

,

a n d as k h er hu s ba nd The r i ch m a n s w i fe w en t hom e a n d ’
.

to ld h er hu s ba nd a bou t th e j ew el He w en t to L u ca s s h ou se
’
.
,

a n d o ff er ed th e r ope m a ker a th ou sa nd pesos for th e s tone ;

-

b u t L u ca s r efu sed for n ow h e s u s pected th a t i

, t w a s w or th m ore
th a n th a t At l a s t h e sold i
. t for twen ty th ou sa nd pesos .

L u ca s w a s n ow a r i ch m a n He boug h t cl oth es for h i s wi

. fe
a n d ch i ld r en r enew ed h is hou se w h ich w a s fa ll ing to pieces
, , ,

a n d bou g h t a m a ch i ne for m a ki n g r o pe As h i s bu s i ness ia .

cr ea s ed h e bo ug h t a n oth er m a ch i
, ne B u t a l th ou g h L u ca s w a s .

th e r i ch es t m a n i n tow n h e w a s ver y ki nd His h ou se w a s

, .

O pen to ever y co rner He s uppor ted cr i . ppled persons a n d g a ve ,

a l m s to th e poor .

Wh en L u is a n d I sco visited L u ca s th e l a s t tim e th ey w er e ,

s ur pr ised a n d a t th e sa m e ti m e d el ig h ted to see h i

m so r i
c h .

L u ca s d i d n ot kn ow h ow to th a nk th em He g a ve a ba nqu et .

in ho n or o f th ese tw o m en After th e fea s t w a s over L u ca s

.
,

told h i s fr iend s ever y d etai l of a ll tha t h a d h a ppen ed to h im ,

how h e h a d l en t th e l ea d h ow h i s wi fe h a d found th e ston e in

,

th e fis h a n d h ow a r i
, ch m a n h a d boug h t i t for tw en ty th ou sa nd

Lu i
s w as nvin ced th a t Lu ca s w a s h onest a n d h a d told
n ow co ,

the tr u th on fo r m er occa s i on s L u ca s l i
ved i n hi
s bi
g h ou se .

ha ppily a n d in pea ce w ith h is w ife a n d ch ild r en .

N O TE S .

These tw o Ta g a log s tor i

es a re p r o b a b ly der ived from th e s a m e u l ti
m a te so u r ce ; th e seco n d ,
“
Lu ca s th e R pe
0 -
Ma k er b ein g ver y m u ch
,
”

closer to th e or i
g i
n a l . Th a t sou r ce i
s th e
“
H is tor y of K h eva j a h
“ ”
Ha s a n al -
Ha b b a n th e
i Ar a b i
an Nig h ts E n ter ta i
n m en ts ( see

Bu r to n
’
s la tion Su pp lem en ta l Nigh ts 111
tr a n s , , : 34 1 Ther e i
s

l
a so a Ta g a log l iter a r y ver s i s s tor y
o n of th i , fe
Li of a R o pe
n th e Ki
m a k er i n g dom of B a g da d , b y Fra n z Molten i . I ha ve at
1 44 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k L or e Soci
ety -
.

p r esen t n o cop y b u t th e wor k m a y sa fely b e d a ted

o f thi
s cha p book ;
-

1 902 0 5, a s those wer e th e yea r s i

-
n w hi ch Mo lten i p u b l i
s h ed Th i s .

s tor y fo llow s fa ithfu lly th e Ara b ia n Nig hts ta le The two r ich
“ ”
.

frien ds a r e Sa a d ia n d Sa a d , a n d the n a m e of th e rope m a k er is Coj ia

-

H as a n .

O ur s econ d fol k -
ta le (b) seem s to s ta n d ha l f wa y b etw een th i
s

ter a r y l lly
“
li on a n d
ver s i The R i
ch and th e P oor , h
n ot c ro n o og i
ca ,

to b e b u t so fa r as fidel i
s u r e, ty to th e Ar a b ia n s tor y i
s con cer n ed .

Al thou g h th e even ts a re p ra ctica lly the sa m e in (b) a n d in Molten i,

the pro per n a m es di ffer thro u g ho u t b le tha t ( b) deri
s p oss i
It i ves .

from a n ea r l ier Ta g a log l iter a r y ver sion tha t is n o lon ger ex ta n t .

( )
a i tely
s d efin i loca lized on La g u n a de B a y a n d the s tor y as a whole ,

seem s thor ou g h ly na tive It is li k ely m u ch ol der tha n ei

. ther of th e
ot erh tw o for m s .

AB en ga l ta l e som ew h a t s i
mila r to th ese is to b e fou n d in McCu l
loch s B en ga l iHou sehold Ta les , NO III ; it is a lso co n n ected w ith
’ “ ”
.

th e Dr Kn ow a ll cycle (ou r No I )
. Ca b a ller o h a s a Sp a n i
s h s tor y
. .

(s ee I n g ra m Da m e For tu n e a n d Do n Mon ey
, For a d iscu ss ion

of the con ti
n u ou s ly l
u n u ck y hero
C lou ston 2 , 4 89 493 , In
see —
.

Ra lston I , 1 95 f , m a y b e fou n d a g ro u p of stor ies dea l in g w ith lu ck

. .

C om pa re a lso Thor pe s Yu le-ti

“
’
d e Stor i
es , 4 60 f for th e No r th G er

m a n s tor y o f
“ ”
Th e Thr ee G i fts .

ej a cu l a ti
”
Fo r th e o n g u ess n No
i 1 3(a ) , s ee n o tes to No 1 . .

( pp 7 —
8)
( ) 14 . a TH E KI NG AND THE m mw sn .
1

O nce th er e l i ved a young a n d b ra ve ki ng w ith h is g entle a n d

l oving w ife Bo th h a d enj oyed a n ea s y co m for ta bl e a n d
.
, , ,

bes t of a ll ha ppy l ife The king r ul ed h is peo ple w ell The

, . .

qu een w as a g ood w ife a s w ell a s a g ood sover ei g n : s h e a l w a ys

ch eer ed h er hu s ba nd w h en h e w a s sa d .

O n e da y a d er vi s h ca m e to th e p a l a ce He told th e ki ng .

th a t h e pos sessed m a g i ca l pow er a n d s tr a i

g h tw a y t h ey be c a,m e

fr iends Th is d er vish h a d th e pow er to lea ve his body a n d

.

en ter th a t o f a d ea d a n i m a l or perso n Now th e king w a s .

,

fond of hunting a n d once h e took h is n ew fr iend w ith h im to

,

s h oo t deer After a few hou rs of h ar d ch a s i

. ng th ey su cceed ed ,

i n ki ll ing a bu ck To s how h is power the der vis h left his

.
,

body a n d en tered th a t of th e d ea d deer Th en h e r esu m ed his .

form er s h a pe Th e king w as ver y a nx iou s to b e a ble to do th e

.

s a m e th i ng ; w hereupon th e der vis h g a ve h im m inu te in str u c

ti on s a n d ta ug h t hi
, m th e necessa r y ch ar m s Th en th e ki ng .

Narra ted b y Jose M Hila rio f Bea m s Ba ta nzas wh o hea rd the story from
. o . .

s fa th er . a Tag al og
hi .
O n e m or n i ng Don L u za n o wen t ou t hun ting He left Ju a n .

a l on e i n th e h o u se , a s u su a l Wh il e Ju a n w as sw eeping a n d
.

ng h is m as ter s roo m , h e ca ug h t s ig h t o f a h ig hly pol is hed

cl ea n i
’

b ox lyi n g beh ind th e pos t in th e cor n er C u riou s to find ou t .

w h a t w as i nside h e o pened th e b ox
, Th er e a ppea r ed a n oth er
.

b ox . He o pen ed th i s b ox , a n d a n o th er b ox s ti ll w a s d isclosed .

O n e b ox a ppea r ed a fter a n oth er un ti l Ju a n ca m e to th e seven th .

Th i s l a s t on e co n ta ined a s m a ll tria n g ul a r s h a ped book bound -

in g o ld a n d decor a ted w i th d ia m ond s a n d oth er p r eci o u s g em s .

Di ng th e co nsequ en ces th a t m ig h t follow Ju an p icked

s r eg a r d i ,

up th e book a n d o pen ed it Lo ! a t o nce Ju a n w a s ca rr ied by

.

th e book up i n to the a ir An d w h en h e l ooked ba ck , w ho m d id

.

h e see ? No oth er th an Don L u za n o pu r s u i n g h im , w ith eyes

full o f ra g e He h a d a n enorm ou s d ea dly l ookin g bolo in h is
.
-

h a nd .

As Don L u za n o w a s a b i g m a n h e c o uld fly
, f a s te r th an l itt l e

Ju a n Soon th e b oy w a s b u t a few ya r d s in fr on t o f h is a o
.

ta g o n ist .I t s h ould a l so b e kn ow n th a t th e boo k h a d th e

w ond er ful pow er o f ch a n g i ng a nybody w h o h a d l a id his h a nd s
on i t, or w h o h a d l ea r n ed by h ea r t on e o f i ts ch a p ter s i n to w h a t ,

ever for m th a t perso n w i s h ed to a s s u m e Ju a n soon fou n d th is

.

fa ct o u t I n a n in sta n t Ju a n h a d d isa ppea r ed a n d in h is

.
,

pl a ce w a s a l ittle steed g a ll op in g as fa s t a s h e could d ow n th e

s tr eet Ag a i
. n th er e w a s Don L u za n o a fter h im in th e for m of
,

a bi g fa s t m ul e w ith
, bubbl i n g a n d fo a m in g m o u t h a n d ey es ,

fl a s h in g w ith h a te Th e m ul e r a n so fa s t th a t ever y m inu te

.
,

seem ed to b e b r i ng in g Ju a n n ea r er h is g r a ve .

Seei n g hi s d a n g er Ju a n ch a n g ed h im self in to a bir d

, a ,

p r e tt y l i
t tl e b i
r d N o soo
. n e r h a d h e d o n e s o th a n h e s a w D on

Lu za n o i n th e for m o f a b i g h a w k a b o u t to s w o o p d o w n on h im .

Th en Ju a n s udd enly l ea p ed i n to a w ell h e w a s flyin g over a n d ,

th er e b eca m e a l i ttle fis h DO 11 L u za n o a s s u m ed th e for m o f a

.

bi g fis h a n
, d k ep t up th e ch ase ; b u t th e l ittle fi s h en ter e d a

s m a ll cr a ck i n th e w a ll o f th e w ell , w h er e th e b i g fi s h c o uld n o t
pu r s u e him fa r th er 50 Don L u za n o h a d to g ive up a n d g o
.

h om e in g r ea t d isa pp oin tm en t .

The w ell i n whi ch Ju a n fo u n d h i m self bel on g ed to th ree

bea u tiful p rincesses O n e m orn ing w h il e th ey w er e l ooking
.
,

in to th e w a ter , th ey sa w th e l ittl e fish w ith its seven col ored -

sca l es , m ov i n g g r a cefully th r ou g h th e w a ter The eld es t of th e

.

m ai den s l ow er ed h er ba it, b u t th e fish w ould n ot see it The .

seco nd sis ter tried h er skill Th e fish b it the ba it ; b u t j u st a s .
,

it w a s bei n g d ra w n o u t of the w a ter it s uddenly relea sed its ,

h old Now th e young es t si The fish a l low ed

’
. s ter s tu r n ca m e .

itself to be ca ug h t a n d h eld i n th e tend er h a nd s o f th i s bea u ti ful

g ir l . S h e pl a c ed th e l itt l e fi s h i n a g o ld e n b a s in o f w a te r a n d
too k i t to h er room w h ere s he ca r ed fo r i , t ver y tend er ly .

Sever a l m on th s l a ter the ki ng iss u ed a pr ocl a m a tion th r ou g h

o u t hi s r ea l m a n d o th er n ei g hb o r in g k in g d om s s a y in g t h a t th e ,
“ ”
young es t p r incess w a s s ick To a n y on e w ho can cur e h er
.
,
“ ”
h e sa i d I pr om ise to g ive on e ha lf o f m y king d om
, The
-
.

m os t s ki lful doctors h a d a l r ea dy don e th e bes t th ey could ,

b u t a ll th ei r effor ts w er e i n va i n Th e pr incess seem ed to g r ow

”
w orse a n d w or s e ever y d a y Ay w h a t fool i s h n es s !
. ex ,

cl a i m ed Don L u za n o w h en h e h ea r d th e new s o f th e s i ck p r i n
The si ckn ess ! P s h a w ! Th a t s n o s i ckn ess never ’
ces s .
,
”
in th e w i d e wor ld !
The follow i ng m or n ing th er e w a s Don Lu za n o s pea king w ith
“ ” “
th e ki ng I pr om ise to cu r e h er
. sa id Do n L a za no I , .

”
h a ve a lr ea dy cu r ed m a ny s i mi l a r ca ses .

“
An d you r rem edy w i ll d o h er n o h a r m ? a s ked th e king
a fter so m e h es i ta tion .

No h ar m sir n o ha r m Rely on m y hon or

, , . .

V er y w ell An d you s h a ll h a ve h a lf o f m y ki
. n g dom if
”
y o u a r e s u c ce ss ful .

No I th a nk you you r Ma j es ty
, I bein g a fa ithful s ubj ect
, .
, ,

n eed n o p a ym en t w h a tever for a n y o f m y p oor ser vi ces As .

a token fr o m you h ow ever I s h ould l ike to h a ve th e fis h th a t

, ,
”
th e p r i n cess keep s i n h er r oo m .

“ ”
0 m y fa i thful subj ect ! ex cl a i m ed th e ki ng in j oy H ow .

g oo d y o u a r e ! W ill y o u h a v e n o th in g ex ce p t a p oo r w o r thl e ss

fis h ?
No m or e : th a t s en ou g h
’
.

Well , d th e kin g pr epa r e you r r em edy a n d

th en , r etu rn e , ,

on th e th i n cess You ca n
t to th e p r i
r d da y w e s h a ll a p ply i .

g o h om e n ow a n d you m a y b e s u r e th a t you s h a ll h a ve the

,

”
fis h .

Don L u za n o l ea ve o f th e king a n d then w en t h om e

took h i
s , .

O n th e th i r d d a y th i s dari ng m a g icia n ca m e ba ck to th e p a l a ce
to a pply h i s rem ed y to th e p r i n cess B efor e h e beg a n a n y .

a t o f th e tr ea tm e n t h ow e v e r h e r equ es ted th a t th e fis h b e
p r , ,

g iv e n to h im T h e k n
i g .c o n se n ted t o h i
s r equ es t : b u t a s h e
1 48 Mem oirs of ca n Fol k Lore Soci
the A m eri ety -
.

w as bo u t to dip his h a nd in to the ba s in the pr incess bo ldly

a ,

s topped h i m She p r etend ed to b e a ng r y on th e g r o u n d th a t

.

Don Lu za n o w ould soi l w ith h is h a nds th e g old en ba s in of th e

m on a r ch Sh e told h i .m to h o ld ou t h i s h a n d s a n d s h e w o u ld ,

pou r th e fis h in to th em Don Lu za n o d i d a s he wa s told : b u t

'

.
,

befor e th e fis h could r ea ch h is h a nd s th e pretty cr ea tu re j u m ped ,

ou t .No fis h n ow co uld b e seen b u t i n i ts stea d w as a bea u ti ,

fu l g old r i n g a d or n in g th e fin g er of th e pr i ncess Don L u za n o .

tr i ed to s n a tch th e r i ng b u t a s th e pr incess j er k ed h er h a n d , ,

ba ck th e r ing fell to th e floor a n d i

, n i ts pl a ce w ere cou n tless ,

l ittl e m a n go seed s sca tter ed a bo u t the r oom Don Lu za n o .

i ns ta n tly took th e for m of a gr eed y crow d evou r ing th e seeds ,

wi th ex tr a or d in a r y s peed Jua n w h o w a s con ta ined in o n e of .

,

th e seed s th a t h a d r o ll ed benea th th e feet o f th e pr i n cess s u d ,

d en ly beca m e a ca t an d r u s h i ng ou t a tta ck ed th e bird As , , , .

soo n a s you could w i nk you r eyes or s na p you r fing ers th e crow ,

w a s d ea d m i sera bly tor n to p i

, eces In pl a ce of th e ca t s tood .

Ju a n in a n em br oider ed s u it l oo king l ike a g a y young pr ince , .

“ ”
Th i s is m y bel oved confessed th e pr i ncess to h er fa th er as ,

s h e poi n ted to Ju an The king forg a ve h is da ug h ter for concea l .

i n g fr o m hi m th e r ea l co nd i tion of h er l i
fe an d he g l a dly w elco m ed ,

hi s n ew son ln la w P rin ce Jua n a s w e s h a ll n ow ca ll ou r fr iend

- -
.
, ,

w a s d es ti ned to a l ife o f pea ce a n d j oy He w a s r id of h is for m id .

a bl e a n ta g on is t ; h e h a d a bea u tiful pr incess (w h o w a s n o l ong er

si ck) for a w i fe ; a n d h e h a d an ex cellen t ch a n ce of inh er iting th e
th r on e Th er e i .s n o m or e .

NO TES .

A th ir d form (c) I h a ve on ly in a b str a ct ; i

tis en ti
t ed l The P ries t
a nd hi l
s P u pi

A l
boy mb f m gi t i k f m th p i t h i m
ea r n s a nu te He
er o a c r c s ro e r es , s as r.

ch an g h imesl f i t h g d i seld t th p i t; th he
n o a w y o , an s so o e r es en ru ns a a ,

t f m hi
ra n s o r m lf i t h s d i g i se ld t hi m te f m ch
n o a o rse, a n s a a n so o s as r or u

m one y Th h . b k l de l
i The p i t
orse w e li
r ea th e s oo se a n ru n s o . r es no r a z es

tru th ,d t an f m i g hi m
, lf i t h
ra n s or p th fi t
n h o rse se n o a o r se, u r s u es e rs .

Wh th y m t
en e iv th fi th
co b c m
e o am ll fi h r d the er , e rs or se e o es a s a s , an

seco n d l ge fi h d th ch
a ar ti Th
s th
, tw anfi h b ecom e e a se co n n u es . en e o s

b id w h l i g l ft th l g
r s ee nh i g the m ll a o A h fli o v
, e the ar er c a s n s a er . s e es er

p a l c f
a e o th Ki g f P i the b y b ec m
e n m ll c co t ig d
ers a , o o es a s a o oa n u -
r n , an

d p
ro to the fi g
s on f the p i ce Th d fea t d p i t et
n er o h me r n ss . e e e r es r u rn s o ,

an d th t th Ki g
r ea en s f P e i wi th w if h wi
e ll t given p th ig o rs a ar e no u e r n .

Wh th e p i t c ll t th
en t th b y h
r es h g d him l f f m a i g
a s a e co u r , e o as c a n e se ro r n

i to
n d g
a The p i t i t ld th t h
o . h ll h a v th i g p vided h
r es s o a e s a e e r n ro e

1 M a n go . a sm a ll leg u m e a bou t th e s ine an d sh a pe of a len ti

l . Sa m e a s m an go .
 Mem oirs of ca n Fol k Lore Soci
the A m eri ety -
.

O u r firs t s tor y , Th e Ki n g w ho b eca m e a Deer , a Ni g h tin g a l e , a n d a

”
Dog , whi le co n ta in in g th e tr a n sfor m a tion co m ba t b etween m a g i
“

cia n a n d p u pi l , differs fr om the other m em bers of th is gr ou p in o n e

i o n ca n n ot ta k e p l a ce u n l ess th er e
m p or ta n t r es pect : the tr a n s for m a ti
i
s a dea d bod y
for th e tr a n s for m er s s p i rit to en ter It i s a lso to b e
’
.

n oted th a t, a s soo n a s a s pi ri t lea ves a bod y , th a t b od y becom es dea d .

Th er e ca n b e n o dou bt tha t th i s s tor y of ou r s i s der i ved from th e s7 th

Da ys i 1 001 Da ys l
“ ” ”
to th e 6oth n th e ( P ers i
a n T a es 1 : 2 1 2 ff ; , .

Ca b i n et des F ées X I V , p 32 6 f , th e s tor y of P r i

. n ce F a d l a ll a h F or .

o ther va r i a n ts o f th i s cy cle s ee B en fey I : 1 2 2 f es peci

, a lly 1 2 6 , .

The P er s i a n s to ry m i g h t h a v e r ea ch e d th e P h l
i ipp in es t h ro u g h t h e

m ed i u m o f th e F re n ch tr a n s l a ti on of w h i ch ou r ta le a p pea r s to b e
,

l ittle m or e tha n the b a l dest a b s tr a ct .

B en fey ex p la i
“
n s th e tr a n s for m a ti o n com b a t a s or i
g in a tin g i n t h e

di s p u tes b etw een B u dd h i s ts a n d B r a hm a n s Dou b tles s th e s to r y .

fir s t g rew u p i n I n di a A ve ry a n cien t O r ien ta l a n alogu e w h ich ha s

.
,

n ot h i ther to b een p oi n ted ou t, I b el i eve i s th e H eb r ew a ccou n t o f ,

Aa ron s m a g ica l con tes t w ith th e Egyp tia n sor cer ers (see Ex od u s ,
’

vi i9
, Com p a r e a lso th e b etti n g co n tes t b etw een th e tw o k i -
n gs

i n No I o f th i
. s co llecti o n , a n d see th e n otes .

15 . TH E M I R A CULO U S cow .
l

Th er e w as o n ce
fa r m er d rivin g h o m e fr om his fa r m in h is
a

ca r reton
” He h a d ti
. ed h i s cow to th e ba ck o f h i s ca r t a s h e ,

w as a ccu sto m ed to do ever y even i ng o n h is w a y h om e Wh ile .

h e w a s g oi ng a lon g th e r oa d two boys sa w h im , Th ey w er e .

F el ip e a n d A m br o s i
o F e l i
p e w h is.p er ed to A m b r os io D o ,

y o u s ee t h e c o w tie d t o t h e b a ck o f th a t c a rr et o n ? W ell i
f ,

y o u w ill un tie i t I w ill ta k e it,t o ou r h o u se .

Am br osi o a ppr oa ch ed th e ca rr eto n s l ow ly a n d un ti ed th e ,

cow . He h a nd ed th e r ope to F el i pe a n d th en tied h im self in ,

th e pl a ce o f th e a n i m al .

“
Co m e on Am br os i o! Don t b e fool is h ! Com e o n w ith ’
,
”
m e! w hi sp er ed F el i pe im p a tien tly .

“ ”
No l ea ve m e a lon e ! G o h om e a n d I w i
, ll soo n b e th er e ! ,

a n sw er ed th e cu n n i n g Am br os i o .

After a w h i l e th e fa r m er h a ppened to l ook b a ck Wh a t a .

s ur p r is e for h i m ! He w a s fr i g h te n ed to find a b o y in s te a d o f h i
s

cow ti ed to th e ca rr eto n Why a r e you th er e ? Wh er e i

. s

m y cow ? he s h o u ted fu r i o u s ly Rasca l g ive m e m y cow ! .

”
,

l N a a ted b y A dela H i
rr da lg o T ga log from Ma n ila w h hea r d th sto y f m
. a a , o e r ro

a n other Ta g a log stu d

en t.

H 6m m , a h ea vy two-w h e ele d s p ri
ng less cart dra wn by a ca ra ba o .
 Fi
lipin o P opu la r Ta les . 1 5:

Oh, d on ’
t be d Am br osio
an gry wi
th m e ‘ Wa it a
9’
sa i .

m i nu te a n d I w ill tell yo u m y s tor y O nce w h en I w as a

, .
,

s m a ll b oy m y m o th er beca m e ver y a n g r y w i
, th m e Sh e cu rsed .

m e a n d s udd enly I w a s tr an s for m ed i

, n to a cow ; a n d n ow I a m
ch a n g ed b a ck i n to m y ow n s h a pe I t is n ot m y fa ul t th a t you .

b o u g h t m e : I co uld n ot tell yo u n ot to do so for I could n ot ,

s pea k a t th e ti me N ow g ener ou s far m er pl ea se g i

. ve m e m y
, ,

”
freed om ! for I a m ver y a n x iou s to see m y old h om e a g a in .

The fa r m er di d n o t kn ow w h a t to do for h e w a s ver y sorr y ,

to lose h i s cow When h e r ea ch ed hom e h e told h is w ife th e

.
,

s tor y Now hi. s wi fe w a s a kind hea r ted w om a n ; so a fter

,
-
,
“
th inkin g a few m inu tes sh e sa id Hu s b an d w h a t ca n w e do ?
, , ,

W e oug h t to set h im fr ee I t is by th e g r ea t m er cy of God th a t

.

”
h e h a s been r es tor ed to h i s for m er self .

So th e w i ly b oy g ot off He r ej oined h is friend an d th ey .

,

h a d a g ood l a ug h over th e tw o s i m pl e fo lks .

NO TES .

k e th e p reced i
Li n g , th i
s s tor is of O r i
en ta or ig in I t m u s tyh a ve l .

g r ow n u p a m o n g a p e o p e to w h o m th e d
i ea o f l
m et em p s ch os is w a s y
ll
w e k n ow n , b u t w h o a t th e sa m e ti m e he d a s k ep ti ca vi ew o f tha t l l
doctrin e W hethe r or n ot this dro ll r ea ched th e P h il ip p in es b y w a y
.

o f th e I b er ia n P en i n su la , is ha r d to s a y defin i tely A Spa n ish fo lk .

ta le n a rra tin g p r a cti ca lly th e sa m e i den t i

n ci s to b e fou n d in C Seller s , .

pp 1
. fl :
“
T h e .I n g en io u s S tu den t
”
T h ere th e s h rew d b u t p o ver ty .

str ick en J u a n R i va s s tea l s a m u le fro m th e pa ck tr a i n of a si m p le -

n ded m u eteer ; a n d w
mi l hile the com p a n i th th e
o n s es ca pe w i ani
m al
a n d se , ll it Juan p u ts o n b r d
i l
th e
e l
, a n d ta k es th e p l a ce o f
sa d d e a n d

the s tolen
b ea s t Hi s ex p l a n a ti
. on th a t h e h a s j u s t fu l fill ed a lo n g

p eriod o f p u n i
s h m e n t i
m p o s ed o n h im b y M o th er C h u r ch sa t is fies

the a s ton i shed m u l e o w n er , a n d J u a n esca p es w i

-
th on ly the a d m on i tion

n ever a g a i n to i n cu r th e w r a th o f h i s spiritu a l Mother .

Th e oldest ver si on w i th w h ich I a m fa m il ia r is th e Ara b ia n Nights

n s tr a n s l a ti
“ ”
an ecd o te o f Th e Si rn p leto n a n d th e Sha r per ( B
’
u r to on ,

v Thi s s tor y is pr a ctica lly i ca l w i

d en ti th ou r s ex cep t tha t th e ,

l ip in o
Fi ver s i
on la ck s the a dd ition a l fin a l com ica l tou ch of the Ara b ia n .

Th e ow n er of th e fter th e a d ven tu r e w ith th e s ha r per w en t to

a ss , a ,

a n d 10 ! h e b eheld h i
“
the m a r k et to b u y a n other b ea s t , s ow n a s s for ,

l
sa e An d w h en h e r ecog n i
. zed i t, h e a d va n ced to i t, a n d p u ttin g hi
s ,

‘
m ou th to i ts ea r , sa id , Wo to thee , O u n l u ck y ! Do u b tl ess thou ha s t
retu r n ed to i n tox i ca tio n a n d b ea ten th y m o ther a g a i n B y Alla h , .

I w ill n ever a g a in b u y thee ! ’

Th e s ha r per h a d pr evi ou s ly g iven

as the r ea so n o f h is tr a n s for m a ti
o n th e fa ct th a t h i
s m other h a d cu r sed
I 52 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k Lor e Soci
ety -
.

m w hen h e, i
hi n a fit of dr u n k en n ess , h a d b ea ten h er . C lou s ton tel ls
Book o f Nood les (8 1
”
thi n hi
s s tor y i s

Stor i
es of th e tr a n s for m a ti
on o f a c h ild i
n to an ani
mal b eca u se of a
p a r en t s cu r s
’
e a re fou n d a ll over E u r o pe . Th i f
s m oti is a l s o w d
i e

s pr ea d i lip pin es
n th e P h i a m on g both the Chri
s ti
an a nd th e P a ga n
tribes . It i
s usu a lly n co r por a ted i
i n a n o ri
g i
n s tor y , su c h as
“
The
Ori
g i
n of Mon k eys . Chris ti s b el i
a n peop le
F or thi ef a m on g a n on -

in n or thern L u zon , see Co l e, Nos 6 5 6 7 —

Non e of these ta les , how . .

ever , a ss u m e th e dr o ll for m : they a r e tol d a s ser i olog i

o u s eti ca l m yths .

1 6. m s CLEVER H U SB AND AND WI F E .

l

P ed r o h a d been l iving a s a ser va n t in a doctor s hou se for ’

m ore th a n n i ne years He w a n ted ver y m u ch to ha ve a w ife .

,

b u t h e h a d n o bu si ness of a n y kind on w h ich to suppor t on e .

O n e d a y h e fel t ver y sa d Hi s l oo k o f d ej ecti on d i d n ot .

“
es ca pe th e n o ti ce o f hi s m a s ter w h o sa i d Wh a t is th e m a tter , , ,

m y b oy ? Why do you l ook so sa d ? I s th er e a nyth i ng I ca n

do to com for t you ?
’

“ ”
O h yes ! sa i , d P edr o .

Wh a t do you w a n t m e to do ? a s ked th e doctor .

Ma s ter th e m a n r epl ied

”
,
“
I w a n t a w ife b u t I h a ve n o , ,
”
m oney to suppor t on e .

“ ”
O h d on t w orr y a bou t m on ey ! r epl i ed h i
’
, s m a s ter Be .

”
rea dy to m or r ow a n d I w i
-
ll let you m a rr y the w om a n you l ove
, .

Th e n ex t da y th e w ed d i n g w a s h eld Th e d octor let th e .

”
coupl e l i ve i n a cotta g e n ot fa r fr om h i s h a ci end a a n d h e g a ve ,

th em tw o hund r ed p i eces o f g old Wh en th ey r eceived th e .

m o ney th ey h a r dly kn ew w h a t to do w i
, th it a s P ed r o h a d ,
“
never h a d a n y bu s iness o f a n y sor t Wh a t s h a ll w e do a fter .

”
w e h a ve s pen t a ll o u r m on ey ? a s ked th e w i fe O h w e ca n
'

.
,
”
a s k th e d octor fo r m or e a n sw ered P ed r o , .

Yea rs pa s sed by a n d on e d a y th e co uple h a d n ot even a

,

cen t w i th w h i ch to buy food 50 P ed r o w en t to th e d octor .

a n d a s ked h i m for som e m on ey The doctor w ho h a d a l w a ys .

,

been kind to th em g a ve him tw en ty pieces of g old ; b u t th ese

,

di d n ot l as t ver y l on g a n d i t w a s n ot m a ny d a ys befor e th e
,

m on ey w a s a ll s pen t The hu s ba nd a n d w i fe n ow th oug h t o f

.

a no th er w a y by w h i ch th ey co uld g et m on ey fr o m th e doctor .

1 Narra ted by El ia C or d ro Ta g a log f m P a g a n ja n La L a g u na Sh e h ea r d th e

s e . a ro s . .

stor y from h er ser va n t.

H a ci
en da . a ra n ch of con s i er a d bl e ex ten t . Th e fa ct of P e d ’
ro s li
ving a t som e d its a n ce

fr om th e d octor g h t a ccou n t for th e

mi s u ccess of the ruse .
 w h a t to bel ieve . The n ex t doctor a n d m or n i
ng , ther efore, th e
his sis ter tog eth er vi sited the co tta g e of P ed ro They fo un d .

th e couple both lyi ng as if dea d After ex a m in ing th em .

,

how ever th e doctor r ea l i

, zed th a t th ey w er e m er ely feig n i
n g
dea th He w as so plea sed by th e j oke a n d so g l a d to find h is
.
,

ve th a t h e took th em h om e w i
old ser van ts a l i ,
m a n d m a de
th h i
th em sta y a t hi s h ou se .

NO TES .

s d roll
Th i s eem s to b e d er i
ved fro m th e 1 00 1 Ni g h ts ( 7
2 I s t to

2 9oth n i
g h ts of th e B r es a u ed i
ti l
on ,
“
Th e Stor y o f A b u l-
ha sa n th e
-

Wa g , or l
th e S ee per Aw a k en ed The Ar a bi
an s tor y i
s n ot o n ly
m ore d eta ied , l
b u t con ta i n s m u ch prel i mi n a r y m a tter tha t i s a l to

ge t h er l a ck in g i n o u r s to r y I n fa c t, th. e tw o a re s o d is s i
m il a r , ex

cep t fo r th e tr i ck th e h u sb a n d a n d w i fe p la y on their b en efa ctor to

g e t m o re m o n e y , th a t it is h a r d t o d e m o n s tr a te a n h is to r i
c a l co n n e c tio n

b etw een th e tw o .

I ha ve in tex t a n d tr a n s la tion ( th e la tter u n p u b l ished ) a Ta ga log

metr i ca l ver s i on o f th e Ara bi a n s tor y Th i s m etr i ca l ver s i on , whi
. ch i s

to ld i n 1 2 40 l i tled ( i n tra n s l a ti The Stor y of Ab u

“
n es , i s en ti on )

Ha sa n , Who drea m ed when h e wa s Awa k e P oem b y Fr a n z Molten i . .

Fi rst ed i tio n , Ma n i la ”
Al thou gh th is wor k is n ot da ted , it prob a bly
.

a p pea r ed a fter 1 900 I n g en er a l , th e Ta g a log p oem a g r ees w i

. th the
1 00 1 Ni g h ts
”
s to r y , th ou g h it d i
ff ers in d e ta il s A n a n a lys i
s o f th e .

di fferen ces i n th e firs t pa r t o f th e n a rra ti ves n eed n o t con cer n u s

here, a s ou r fol k ta le is con n ected w ith on ly the la s t th ir d of th e

-

ro m a n ce .

I n th e m etrica vers i l
o n , a fter Ab u , t r o u g h
th e fa vo r o f th e s u ta n , h a s h l
b ee n m a r ried to N u z a t, o n e o fhth e a d i
e s -
i
n -
wa iti l
n g , th e n ew co u p e b e l
g in to iv l
e ex tra va g a n tl , a n d soo n ex y a u s t th e d ow r a n d w edd i
n h
g g ift s y .

h
T en a fter m u c d e ib era ti h l
o n Ab u d eci des to g o to the s u ta n , te hi m l ll
h
t a t Nu z a t hi h s wi fe i s d ea d , a n d a sk fo r m o n e for h er b u ri a Th e r u se y l .

s u cceed s ; Ab u r etu r n s o m e wi h h
t a t o u sa n d o u n ces o f g o d h He a t o n ce l .

cou n se s hi l s wi fe to g o to th e s u ta n a w i t a si l
m ia r s tor t a t he i s dea d h l y h
h
a nd t a t m one y
s n eed ed fo r h i
i s fu n era N u z a t, too , recei l
ves a t o u sa n d
. h h
o u n ces fro m th e s u ta n a l
The s u ta n n ow visits h i
. s wil fe, a n d te s h er ll
o f th e h
d ea t o f N u z a t Sh e i h
n sis ts t a t i
. t is Ab u w h o i s d ea d , a n d t e h hy
a r g u e vi o en tl l y
a b ou t th e m a tter Fina the s u ta n d eci des to sen d
. lly l
o n e o f hi s se r va n ts to r epo r t th e tr u t h
W en Ab u sees the serva n t co m in g ,
. h
he b i d s hi s wi e o n th e b i
fe li er a n d th e ser va n t i s s ow n h er co r pse
, He h .

r epo r ts t a t i h t is N u z a t w ho i h
s d ea d Th e s u ta n a is en ra g ed a t the ser
. l
’
va n t s s ta tem e n t a n d se n d s h er n u r se fo r the tr u t
, T i s tim e Ab u li es h . h
o n th e b i er , a n d N u z a t s ow s h i hs b od h
to th e n u rse y
W en th e old w o m a n . h
retu r n s w i h
t h er co n tr a d icto r y y
s to r , th e s u ta n s ser va n t ca s h er a b la ck l ’
ll
fa l s i
fyin g w i tc h l l
At a s t th e s u ta n a n d s u ta n a t em se ves g o to see l h l
“
. .

a Ab u a n d Nu zh a t a r e fo u n d ing as i f dea d ly
The s u ta n a n d hi s . l
 Fi
lipino P opu la r Ta l es . 1 55

wi
fe o en tl l
y to w hich of thei f vo ites did fi t th t
n ow a rg u e so vi as r a r e rs , a

th d cei
e tf l co p l e fe rf l of th o tcom e k
e u u l b efo thei le c
, a u e u , n ee re r ru rs , on

fe th t i k
ss e d b g f gi
r c v , Th oy l p i l g h t th j ok
an e d or en ess . e r a a r au a e e, a n

g i
v e Ab d hi w if
u an g h to pp t thsm th e t f th
e en ou
o i d y su or e r es e r a s.

The la s t pa r t of the Ar a bia n bove

s tor y is su b sta n tia lly as g i
v en a ,

o n ly Nu zh a t g oes fir s t to th e s u l ta n a w i th th e a ccou n t o f Abu s dea th

’
,

a fter w h i ch Ab u vi sits th e su l ta n a n d tell s h i m of Nu zh a t s dea th

’
.

Then follows th e qu a rrel b etw een th e s u l ta n a n d hi s wi fe over the

con tr a d i ctor y re por ts b r ou g h t ba ck by th e tw o m essen ger s All fou r .

g o in p erson to d is co v er t h e tr u t h B o th N u zh a t a n d A b u a r e fo u n
. d
Su l ta n : I wou ld g ive a thou sa n d p ieces of gold to k n ow
“
dea d .

whi ch d i ed fir s t Ab u j u m p s u p s a ys tha t h e di
. ed firs t a n d cl a i ms
, ,

th e rew a r d E n d in g a s a b o ve
. .

Th i s s tor y o f Ab u i s a l so tol d a s a fo l k ta le i n Si m l a n or th ern I n d i a -

,

( D r a co tt 1 66 , w h e r e it r e ta in s th e A r a bic t itl e
“
A b u l H u s s a in
”
, ,

s a l m os t i ca l w i
”
an d i den ti th th e 1 00 1 N i g h ts v er s i
o n I n th e .

Si m l a ta le how ever th e des p a tch i

, n g o f ser va n ts to lea r n w h i
, ch on e i s

rea lly d ea d i s l a ck i Th e s u l ta n a n d h i fe together go to Ab u l s ’

ng s wi.

h ou se a n d fin d b oth dea d
,
“
I f we cou ld on ly fin d ou t which d ied
.

firs t ! etc .

O u r s tor y , th e Ta g a log fo l k -ta le , s tol d a l m os t a s

i a n a n ecdote . The
su lta n h a s b een tr a n s for m ed i
n to doctor ; th e s u l ta n a , i n to th e a

doctor s s i s ter ; Ab u , i n to a poor ser va n t, P edr o ; a n d Nu zh a t, i

’
n to

Ma r ta Th e g l itter o f th e O r ien ta l ha rem h as va n ished , as in deed

.

h as a ls o th e firs t tw o th i r ds o f th e s tor y The descen t i

-
n setting and .

la n g ua g e h a s b een so gr ea t, tha t I a m in clin ed to s u spect tha t th is

dro ll h a s ex i s ted a t l ea s t, in o n e fa m i ly for a lon g tim e I t .

cou l d h a r d ly ha ve b een d er i ved fro m Mol ten is poeti c ver s i F or th e

’
on .

sa m e sor t o f r el a ti o n sh ip b e tw ee n a n o th er fo l k -ta le a n d a n A r a bia n

Ni g h ts s to r y s ee N o 1 3 a n d t
,h e n o t es . .

17 . TH E TH R E E B a or n s a s .
‘

O n ceu po n a tim e w h en w is h ing w as h a ving th er e d w el t in, ,

th e j oyou s vi ll a g e of Del ig h t a poor fa r m er Toton g w ith his , ,

loving w ife Ma r ia His ea r n ing for a d a y s toil w a s ju st enoug h

.
’

n th em ; yet th ey w er e pea ceful a n d h a pp y Never th e

to s u s ta i .

less th ey th ou g h t th a t th eir h a pp in ess could n ot b e co m pl ete

unl es s th ey h a d a t l ea s t on e ch ild So m or n ing a n d n ig h t th ey .

w ould kn eel befor e th ei r r u s ti

c a l ta r a n d p r a y Go d to g r a n t th em

thei r d es i re As th ey w er e fa i
. thful i n th ei
r pu r po se th eir ,

wi s h w a s fulfilled A so n w a s bor n to th em a n d j oy fill ed th ei

. r ,

Narra ted by Greg i F doso a B ic l f m Tiga o Ca m a i

or o The na rra to
r on . o ro n. r n es . r

a ye,Th is stor y was tol dt o me by a n o ld m a n w h o h a p pene dt o sta y a t our h ouse mm

ni
g h t H e
. w as a tr a veller . I wa s then a ttle b oy
li .
 1 56 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk L ore Soci
ety - .

h ear ts Th e
uple s love for th eir ch ild g rew so in ten se th a t
’
. co ,

th ey cr a ved for a n o th er an d th en for s ti ll a n oth er Th e Lo r d

, .

was m i ndful o f th eir pra yer s ; a n d so as tim e w en t o n tw o m or e , ,

son s w er e bor n to th em Th e second son th ey n a m ed Fel ipe ;

.

a n d th e young es t Ju a n Th e n a m e of th e o ld est w a s P ed ro
, . .

All th ree boys w er e l ovely a n d h a nd som e a n d they g rea tl y ,

d el ig h ted th eir p a r en ts .

In th e cou rse of tim e h ow ever w h en th ey w ere a bo u t eig h t

, , ,

seven ,a n d si x year s old P ed r o Fel ipe a n d Ju a n beca m e , , ,

m on s tr ou s ly g r ea t ea ters Ea ch w ould ea t a t a sing le m ea l six

.

or seven chu pa s of r i ce : con sequ en tly th ei r fa th er w a s obl i g ed

to w or k ver y h a r d for h e h a d five m ou th s to feed
, In th is .

s ta te of a fl a i rs Toton g fel t th a t a l th o ug h th ese ch i

, ldr en h a d
,

been bor n to h im an d h is w ife a s an in cr ea se of their h a ppiness ,

th ey w ould fin a lly ex h a u s t w h a t l i ttl e h e h a d Nor w a s Ma r i a .

a n y th e l ess a w a r e of th e g lu tto ny o f h er so n s B y d eg rees .

thei r l ove for th ei r so ns r i pened in to h a tr ed a n d a t l as t Teton g ,

reso l ved to d o a w a y w i th h i s ch i ldren .

O n e ni g h t w h i
l e h e , an d h is w if e w er e s i
tt in g b e fore th e ir

di m li g h t an d th e ir th r ee so n s w er e a s l ee p T o to n g s a i
d to h is ,

wi fe Do you n ot th ink it w o uld b e better to g et r id o f ou r so ns ?

,

As you see w e a r e d a i , ly becom ing poor er a n d poorer beca u se

o f th em I h a ve decided to ca s t th em a w a y into so m e d is ta n t
.

”
wi ld forest w here th ey m a y feed th em selves on fr u its or r oo ts
, .

O n h ea r i n g these w or d s o f her hu sban d Ma r ia tu r ned p a l e ,

h er blood r an cold i n h er vei ns B u t w h a t could sh e do ? She .

fel t th e sa m e d istr ess a s h er hu s ba nd After a few m om en ts of .

si len ce sh e r ep l ied in a fa l ter ing voice My hu sba nd you m a y

, , ,
”
d o as you w i sh Accor d i ng ly Toton g m a de rea dy th e n eces sa r y
.

pr ovis i o n s for th e j our n ey w h i ch con si s ted o f a sa ck of r i

, ce a n d

so m e p r eser ved fis h .

The nex t m or n ing on th e p retex t o f pl a n ti , n g ca m otes a n d

cor n o n th e h i ll so m e th ir ty m il es a w a y fr om th e vill a g e h e ,

or d er ed hi s so n s to a ccom pa ny h i m Wh en th ey ca m e to a .

for es t their fa th er led them th ro u g h a cir cu itou s pa th a n d

, ,

a t l a s t too k th em to th e h i ll As soon a s th ey a r r ived th ere . ,

ea ch set to w or k : on e cu t d ow n tr ees a n oth er bu i l t a s hed a n d , ,

th e o th er s clea r ed a p i ece o f l an d i n w hi ch to pl a n t th e ca m o tes

a n d cor n .

-
C h a pa , a m eas u re. eq ua l ro u g hl y to a bou t four h a n fu ls d of ra w ri
ce.

sweet p ota toes .

 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk L or e Soci
ety - .

by th a t l a dy Ma r ia Th ey fell in love w ith ea ch oth er an d

, . ,

s h e a g r eed to g o w i th Ju an to h i s ho m e .

They h a d ta lked tog eth er b u t a sh or t w h ile w hen Ma r i a ,

s udd enly told Ju an to h i de for h er g u a rd ian th e g ia n t w a s com

, , ,

ing . Soon th e m o nster a ppea r ed an d sa i d to Ma r ia in a ter r ibl e

,
”
voi ce , You a r e concea l i ng som e on e I sm ell hu m a n fles h . .

Sh e den i ed th a t s h e w a s b u t th e g i a n t sea r ch ed a ll corn ers o f

,

th e h ou se At l a s t Ju an w a s found a n d h e boldly foug h t with

.
,

th e m on ster He r ecei
. ved m a ny w ound s b u t th ey w er e ea s i ly ,

h ea l ed by Ma r i a s m agi c m ed i ci n e Af ter a terr ific s tr ugg le

’
.
,

th e g i a n t w a s ki lled Ma r ia a ppl a uded Ju a n s va lor Sh e ’

. .

g a v e h im fo o d a n d r,e l a te d s to r ies to hi m w h il e h e w a s e a ti n g .

Sh e a l so to ld h i m o f h er n ei g hb or I s a b ell a n o n e t h e l es s b ea u tiful ,

th an s h e Ju a n in tu r n told her o f m a ny th ing s in h is ow n

.
, ,

h om e th a t w er e n o t found i n th a t s ub terr a n ea n pl a i n .

Wh en he h a d fin is h ed ea ting a n d h a d r ecovered his s tr eng th ,

Ju an sa id th a t th ey h a d better ta ke I sa bell a a l ong w ith th em too .

Ma r ia a g r eed to th is Accor d ing ly Ju a n set ou t to g et I sa bell a

. .

Wh en h e ca m e to h er hou se s h e w as lookin g ou t th e wind ow , .

As soon a s s h e sa w h i m s h e ex cl a i m ed i n a fr i
, endly m a nner ,

0 Ju a n ! w h a t h a ve you com e h ere for ? Si nce m y b ir th I h a ve

n ever seen an ea rthly cr ea tu re l ike you !
“
Ma d a m ”
r etu r n ed Ju a n i
, n a low vo i ce m y a ppea ra n ce ,

befor e you is d u e to som e In visible B eing I ca nno t descr ib e to

y ou T h e m om e n t I s a b e ll a h e a r d t h e se w o r d s s h e blu s h ed , .

” “ ”
u an , s h e sa i d co m e up ! ,

u a n en ter ed a n d r el a ed to h er h i s unfor tu n a te lo t a n d h ow
,
t ,

h e h a d found th e a byss Fi n a lly str uck w ith I sa bell a s fas ci

.
,
’

n a tin g bea u ty Ju a n ex pr essed h is love for h er Th ey h a d n o t

, .

been ta lk in g l ong tog eth er w h en foo tstep s w er e h ea r d a p pr o a ch ,

i n g n ea r er a n d n ea r er I t w a s h er g u a r d i
. a n th e seven h ea ded ,
-

“ ”
m on s ter . I sa bell a it g row led with a n a n g r y l oo k a bou t
, , ,
“ ”
so m e hu m a n cr ea tu r e m u s t b e so m ew h er e i n th e h ou se .

“ ”
Th er e i s n o body i n th e h ou se b u t m e s h e ex cl a i m ed Th e , .

m on s ter h ow ever i
, ns isted Seeking a ll a bou t the h ou se it a t
, . ,

l a s t d iscover ed Ju a n w h o a t on ce a tta cked w ith h is s w or d

, .

In th is en coun ter h e w a s a lso s u ccess ful cu tting ofi a ll th e seven ,

h ea d s o f th e m on s ter .

With g rea t j oy Ju a n a n d I sa bell a retu rn ed to Ma r ia s h ou se ’

.

Then th e th ree w en t to th e foo t o f th e w ell Th er e Ju a n fo und .

vi n e s ti ll sus pend ed He tied on e en d of it a round I sa b ella s

.
’
 Fi
lipino P opu la r Ta les . 1 59

w ai
s t, and pulled up by th e tw o br others w a iting
th en she was
a bove Wh en th ey sa w h er P edr o a n d Fel ipe ea ch cla im ed
.
,
“
h er sa yi
, ng a l m os t a t th e sa m e tim e Wh a t a b ea uty ! Sh e ,
”
is mi ne I sa bell a as s u red them tha t th er e were o ther l ad ies
.

b el ow pr etti er th a n s he Wh en h e hea r d th ese w or d s Fel ipe . ,

d ropped on e en d of th e vi ne a g a in Wh en Ma r i a r ea ch ed th e .

top o f th e w ell Fel i pe fel t g l a d an d cl a im ed her for h im self

, ,
.

As th e two broth ers ea ch h a d a m a i d en n ow they w o uld n ot ,

drop th e vi n e a th ird tim e ; b u t fin a lly Ma r ia per s u a d ed th em to

d o so O n seei ng only their broth er s fig u re h owever th e ’
.
, ,

tw o unfeel i ng br oth ers let g o of th e vine a n d Ju a n plung ed ba ck ,

in to th e d a r kness
“
0 m y fr i end s !
”
sa id Ma r ia w eeping th is
.
“
, ,

is n o t th e w a y to tr ea t a b roth er Ha d i t n ot been for h i m .

,
”
w e s h o uld n ot b e h er e n ow Then she too k h er m a g i c com b .
,

sa yi n g to i t C om b i f yo u find Ju a n dea d r evi

, ,ve h i m ; i f hi s ,
”
leg s a n d a r m s a r e broken r esto r e th em Th en sh e d ro pped , .

it d ow n th e w ell .

B y m ea ns o f th i s m ag i c com b J u a n w a s bro u g h t ba ck to ,

life. Th e m om en t h e w a s a ble to m ove h i s li m bs h e gr oped ,

hi s way i n th e d a r k a n d fin a lly h e found h i m self i

, n th e sa m e

s u b ter r a n ea n l i
n a in A h kn w f w t t b a ck
p a g a s e e o n o a y o g e .

to ea r th h e m a d e up h i, s mind to a ccep t h is fa te .

As h e w a s l a z i ly s troll ing a bou t h e ca m e to a l ea fy tr ee w ith ,

s p r ea d i n g bra n ch es He cl im bed up to ta ke a s i . es ta a m on g i ts
fres h b r a n ches Ju st a s b e closed h is eyes h e hea r d a voice
.
,
“
ca ll ing Ju a n Ju a n ! Wa ke up ! Go to th e La nd o f the P il
, ,

g r im s f,o r th er e you r lot a w a i ts you He o pened h i s eyes a n d .

“
look ed a bo u t h i m b u t h e sa w n oth i ng , It i s o nly a b i rd .
,
“ ”
he sa i d th a t i
, s di stu r bing m y s leep So h e s hu t h i s eyes .

ag a i n . A f ter so m e m om en ts th e sa m e vo i ce w a s h ea r d a g a i n
fro m t h e t0 p of th e tr ee He l ooked up b u t h e could n o t see .
,

an y o n e How ever the voice con tinued ca ll ing to h im so

.
,

lo u d l y th a t h e could n o t s leep
, So h e d escended fro m th e .

tre e to fin d th a t l a nd .

In hi s w a nd er i ng s h e m et a n o ld m a n w ea rin g ver y r a g g ed ,

wor n o u t clo th es
-
Ju a n a s ked h im a bou t th e La nd o f th e
.

Pi lg rim s Th e old m a n sa i
. d to h im “
H er e ta ke th is p iece of , ,

clo th whi ch a s you see I h a ve tor n o ff m m n t d h ow

, ,
yg a r e an
, s ,

it to a h e r m i t you w i ll fin d l iving a t a l ittl e d ista nce from h ere .

Then te l l h im you r w is h Ju a n took th e cl oth a n d w en t to .

the h e r m i t When th e herm it sa w Jua n en ter ing his cou r ty a rd

.
1 60 M em oi
rs o f the Am er i
ca n F ol k L ore Soci
ety -
.

th ou t
wi per m iss ion h e w as ver y a n g r y, H er m it s a id Ju a n .
, ,
“
I ha ve com e h er e on a ver y im por ta n t m i ss ion Wh il e I .

w a s s l eep i ng a m ong th e bra n ches o f a tr ee a bird s a ng to m e ,

r epea tedly th a t I m u s t g o to th e La nd of th e P i lg r im s w here ,

m y lo t a w a i ts m e I r esolved to loo k for th is l a nd O n m y

. .

w a y I m et a n old m a n w ho g a ve m e th i ,s pi ece o f cl o th a n d

told m e to s how i t to yo u a n d a s k you a bou t th i s pl a ce I h a ve

”
m en ti on ed Wh en th e h er m it sa w th e cl oth h is an g er w a s
.
,
“ ” “
tur n ed i n to sorrow a n d kindn ess Juan h e sa i d . I h a ve , ,

been her e a l ong tim e b u t I h a ve never seen th a t o ld m a n

, .

Now th i, s h er m it had i n hi s ca r e a ll s peci es o f a ni m a ls He .

s um m o ned th em a ll i n to h is cou r tya rd a n d as ked ea ch a bou t ,

the La nd o f th e P i lg r im s ; b u t n one co uld g ive an y infor m a tion .

Wh en he h a d a s ked th em a ll in va in th e herm it told J uan to ,

g o to a n o th er h er m it l i
v in g so m e d is ta n ce a w a y .

Accor d i ng ly Ju a n l eft to find th is h erm it At fir st l ike th e .

,

o th er th i
, s h er m it w a s a n g r y on seei ng Ju a n ; b u t w hen h e sa w
th e p i ece o f cl oth h i s a n g er w a s tu r n ed i
, n to pity a n d sorr ow .

Ju an told him w h a t h e w a s looking for a n d th e h er m it sound ed ,

a l oud tr u m pet In a m om en t th ere w a s a n in sta n ta neo us

.

r us hing of bir d s o f ever y d escription He a s ked ever y on e a bou t .

th e La nd o f th e P i lg r im s b u t n ot on e kn ew of the pl a ce B u t
, .

ju st a s Ju a n w a s a bo u t to l ea ve s uddenly th ere ca m e a n ea g le ,

s woo pi n g d own in to th e cou r tya rd Wh en a sked if it kn ew of .

th e L a nd o f th e P i lg r im s it nodded its hea d Th e h erm it then

, .

or d er ed i t to bea r Ju an to th e La nd o f th e P i lg r im s I t w ill ing l y .

o beyed a n d fl ew a cr os s seas a n d over m o un ta i

, n s with Juan on
its ba ck .After Ju a n h a d been ca r r i ed to th e w i s h ed for l a nd -
,

th e ea g l e r etu r n ed to i ts m a s ter .

H er e Ju a n l ived with a poor coupl e w h o ca r ed for h im a s ,

i f h e w er e th ei r o wn ch i ld a n d he ser ved th em in tu r n He
, .

a s ked th em a bo u t th e l a nd th ey w ere l i vi n g in They told h im .

th a t i t w a s g over n ed by a tyr a nn i ca l ki ng w h o h a d a bea u tifu l

d a ug h ter Th ey s a id th a t m a ny pr in ces w ho cou r ted h er h a d
.

been p u t to d ea th beca u se th ey h a d fa il ed to fulfil th e ta s ks

r equ i r ed o f th em Wh en Ju a n h ea r d o f th is bea u tiful pr in cess
.
,
“
h e sa i d to h im self Th is is the lot th a t a w a its m e Sh e is to
, .

”
b e m y wi fe So i. n s pi te o f th e d a n g ers h e r a n th e r i
, s k of ,

h e r eso l ved to w oo h er .

O n e da y w h en h er tu tors w er e a w a y h e m ad e a ki
, te to w h i ch, ,

h e fa s ten ed a l etter a dd r es sed to th e pr i ncess a n d fl ew it Wh il e , .

 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk L or e Soci
ety -
.

pr om ised to fulfil th is ta s k He pa ssed by th e w indow of th e .

pr incess a n d told her w h a t the king h a d sa i

, d G o h om e a n d .

”
com e ba ck h er e to m orr ow -
sh e s a i d to h im , Th e kin g w i ll .

”
find the m ong o a n d sa nd i n th ei r pr o per j a r s .

Th e n ex t m or n i ng Ju an w en t ba ck to th e pa la ce Th e king .
,

ju s t a r isen fro m b ed l ooked o u t of th e w i

, n d ow an d w a s ,

as to und ed to see th e m on g o a n d sa nd per fectly a ssor ted Well .

,
”
Ju an , sa id the king “
y ou h a,v e s u ccess fully p er f o r m ed th e

tas k s I r equ i red o f you B u t I h a ve on e th i

. ng m ore to a s k of
y o u. Y es te r d a y a f ter n oo n w h i
l e m y w i
fe an, d I w e r e w a lkin g
a l ong th e seas h ore m y g old r i , ng fell in to th e w a ter I w an t you .

”
to find i t a n d br i , ng it to m e to m orr ow m or n ing -
.

“ ”
Your d es i r e s h a ll b e fulfill ed 0 ki ng ! repl i ed Jua n
, .

He told th e pr i n cess o f th e king s w is h

’
Com e h ere to .

” “
m orr ow ju s t before d a w n she sa i d a n d bring a b ig ba sin a n d
, ,

a bo l o We w ill g o tog eth er to find th e r in g

.
”
.

J ust befor e d a w n th e nex t d a y he w en t to her tower w h ere ,

sh e w a s w a i ti ng for h im in th e d isg u ise of a vill ag e m a id Th ey .

w en t to th e seas h or e w her e th e r i ng w a s s upposed to h a ve been

l os t Ther e th e pr in cess Ma r ia
. th a t w a s h er n a m e sa id to
“
hi m , Now ta ke you r b a s i n a n d bolo a n d cu t m e to pieces .

P ou r ou t th e ch opped m a ss i nto th e w a ter in w h ich m y fa th er s ’

ri ng w a s d ro pped b u t ta ke ca re n ot to let a s ing le piece of the

,
”
fles h fa l l to th e g round !
O n h ea r i ng th ese w ord s Ju a n s tood du m found ed a n d beg a n
, ,
“
to w eep Th en i
. n an i m pl or i n g ton e h e sa id O m y beloved ! ,
”
I would r a th er h a ve you chop m y body th a n ch op you rs .

“ ” “ ”
If you l ove m e sh e sa id d o a s I tell you
, , .

Th en Ju a n relu cta n tly sei z ed th e bo lo a n d w i th cl osed eyes ,

ou t h er body to p i eces a n d po u r ed th e m a ss i n to th e w a ter

w h er e th e r i ng w a s s upposed to b e In five m inu tes th er e r ose .

from th e w a ter th e p r in cess w ith th e r ing on her fin g er B u t .

Ju a n fell a s leep ; a n d befor e h e a w oke th e r ing fell in to the ,

w a ter a g a i n .

“ ”
O h h ow l i
, ttl e you l ove m e ! s h e ex cl a im ed Th e r i ng .

fell beca use you did n ot ca tch it qu ickly fr om m y fin g er C u t .

up m y body a s before an d pou r th e m a ss of fles h in to th e w a ter

,
”
agai n . Accor d i ng ly Ju a n cu t h er to p i eces a seco nd ti me ,

an d a g a i n po ur ed th e m a ss in to th e w a ter Th en in a s h or t .

ti m e Ma r i a r ose f ro m th e w a ter w i th th e r i ng on h er fing er ;

b u t Ju a n fell a s l eep a g a i n a n d ag a in th e r ing fell ba ck in to th e
,
 li
Fi pino P opu la r Ta les . 1 63

Now Ma ri a w a s an g r y : so sh e cu t a g a s h o n h i
s fing er , a n d

to ld h im to cu t h er body to p i eces an d po u r th e m ass ou t a s b e

fore . ng w a s found a g a in Th is tim e J uan w as

At l as t th e r i .

a w a ke, a n d h e qu i ckly ca u g h t th e r ing a s sh e rose from th e

w a ter .

Th a t Ju a n w en t before th e king an d presen ted th e

m or n i
ng
ri n g to h i m When th e m ona r ch sa w it h e w a s g r ea tly a s ton
.
,
“
is h od an d sa i
, d to h im self How d oes h e a ccom pl i , s h a l l th e

ta s ks I h a ve g i ven h i m ? Su r ely h e m u s t b e a m an o f s uper

n a tu r a l pow ers
”
Ra ising h is hea d he sa id to J uan Ju a n
.
“
, , ,

y o u a r e i
nd ee d th e m an w h o d eser ves th e h a nd o f m y d a u g h te r ;
b u t I w a n t you to do m e on e m ore ser vi ce Th i s wi ll b e th e .

”
las t. F etch m e m y h orse for I w a n t to g o ou t hun ti , n g to d a y - .

Now th i , s h or se co uld ru n j us t a s fa s t a s th e w i nd I t w a s a .

ver y w i ld h orse too an d n o on e could ca tch it ex cept th e king

, ,

hi m self an d th e pr i n cess .

Ju a n p rom ised h ow ever an d r epa ired to Ma r ia s tow er

, ,
’
.

When s h e l ea r n ed h er fa th er s wish sh e w en t w ith Juan an d ’

,

helped h im ca tch th e h orse After th ey h a d ca u g h t it s h e .

,

ca u g h t h ers too Th en th ey r etu r n ed to th e pa l a ce Ju a n

. .

a n d Ma r i a n ow a g r eed to r u n a w a y So a fter Ju a n h a d ti ed .

th e ki ng s h orse nea r th e s ta ir w a y th ey m oun ted Ma r ia s ’

’

h orse a n d r ode ofi r a pi dly .

Wh en the king could n ot find h i s d a ug h ter h e g o t on h i s ,

h orse an d sta r ted i n pu r s u it o f Ju a n a n d Ma r i a w h o w er e n ow ,

som e m i les a h ea d B u t th e king s h orse r a n so fa s t th a t in a ’

.
,

few m i n u tes h e h a d a l m os t over ta ken th e fu g i ti ves Ma r ia .

,

seei n g h er fa th er beh i nd th em d ropped h er com b a n d in th e , ,

wi n k o f a n eye a th i ck g r ove o f b a m boo s blocked th e k i

’
ng s
wa y . B y hi s or d er a r oa d w a s m a de th ro u g h th e ba m boo i
, n

a ver y s h o r t ti me Then h e con ti . nu ed h is ch ase ; b u t j us t a s

h e w a s a bo u t to over ta ke th em a second ti m e Ma r i a flun g d ow n ,

her r i n g a n d th ere r ose up seven h i

, g h h ill s be h ind t h e m T h e .

king w a s thu s d el a yed a g a in ; b u t his h orse s h ot over th ese h ill s

as fa s t a s th e w i nd so th a t in a few m inu tes h e w a s on ce m or e
,

in si g h t o f th e fu g itiv es T h i
s t i
m e M a
. r ia t u r n ed a r o und a n d
sp a t . I m m ed ia tely a w ide sea a p pear ed beh ind th em Th e .

ki ng g a ve u p h is p urs u it an d only u tter ed th ese w or ds : O

,
”
ung r a teful d a ug hter ! Th en he tu r n ed ba ck to h i s p a l a ce .

Th e yo un g l over s con tinu ed th ei r j o u r n ey un ti l th ey ca m e to a

sm a ll v i ll a g e Here they d ecided to b e m a rr ied so th ey a t
.
,
 Mem oirs of the Am er i
ca n Folk L ore Soci
ety -
.

o n ce w en t to th e vi pr ies t He m a rr ied th em th a t ver y

ll a g e .

da y .Ju a n a n d Ma r ia n ow d eterm ined to l ive in th a t pl a ce th e

r es t of th ei r lives so th ey bo ug h t a h o u se an d a p i
, ece o f l a n d .

As ti m e w en t by Ju a n th oug h t of hi ,s pa r en ts .

O n e da y h e a s ked per m i ss ion fr om h i s wi fe to visit h is fa th er

“ ” “
a n d m oth er Yo u m a y g o
. s h e sa i
d ; b u t r em em ber n o t to
,

let a s i ng le d r op of you r fa ther s or m oth er s tea r s fa ll o n yo u r ’ ’

”
ch eeks for you w i , ll forg et m e if you do P r om ising to r e .

m em ber h er w or d s J u a n set ou t , .

Wh en h is pa ren ts sa w h im th ey w er e so g l a d tha t th ey em ,

b r a ced h im a n d a l m os t ba th ed h im w ith tea r s of j oy Ju a n .

for g ot Ma r ia I t h a ppen ed th a t on th e da y J u a n r ea ch ed h om e
.
,

F el i pe h is broth er w a s m a r r ied to Ma r ia th e s ubterr a nea n

, , ,

l a dy a n d a fea s t w a s being held in th e fa m ily cir cle Th e

, .

m o m en t Ma r i a r eco g n i
zed Ju a n w h om s h e l oved m os t s he , ,

a nnull ed h er m a r r iag e wi th Fel i pe a n d w a n ted to m a rr y Ju an , .

Accor d i ng ly th e vill a g e w a s ca lled to settle th e qu es tio n an d ,

Ma r ia a n d Jua n w ere m a r r ied th a t sa m e da y Th e m err y .

m a ki ng a n d d a n cing con tinued .

In th e m ean tim e th ere ca m e to th e s u r pr ise of ever y on e a , ,

bea u tiful pr incess r id in g in a g olden ca r r ia g e d r a wn by fin e

h orses She w a s invited to th e d a n ce Wh ile th e peo pl e w er e
. .

enj oy i ng th em selves d a n cing an d s ing ing th ey w ere s uddenly ,

d ra w n tog eth er a round th is pr in cess to see w h a t s he w a s d oing .

Sh e w a s s i tting in th e m iddle of th e h a ll B efor e h er s h e h a d a .

d og ch a i n ed Th en sh e beg a n to a s k th e dog th es e ques tion s

.

Did yo u n o t ser ve a cer ta i n king for h is d a u g h ter ?

No ! a n sw ered th e dog
”
.

Did h e n ot g i ve you g r a in s of w h ea t to b e pl a n ted in a h ill ,

a n d th e m or n i ng foll ow ing you w er e to g ive h im new ly ba ked

”
brea d m a de from th e w h ea t ?
M
NO
I ,

Did he n ot mi
x tog eth er two j a r s of m on g o a n d sa n d , th en
or d er you to a s sor t th em so th a t th e m on g o w a s i
n on e j ar an d
”
th e sa nd in th e o th er ?
"
No !
N

Do you ber w h en you an d a pr in cess w en t to

n o t rem em

g eth er t o th e sea s h o r e to find th e r i

n g o f h er f a th er a n d w h en ,

y ou c u t h er bo d y t o p i
e ces a n d p o u r e
,
d t h e c h o pp e d m a s s in to
”
th e w a ter ?
Wh en Juan , w ho w as w a tch i
ng , h ea rd th is l a s t qu es tion he ,
1 66 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk L or e Soci
ety -
.

to w h i
ch i
s i
n th e I lia d ( V I I , 6
4 7; x x III , B u t th i
s s tory does no t

n th e as t t ree i
co n ta i l
den ts : c ea r
n ci h l ly they ha ve com e from som e o t er h
s ou r ce, a n d j oin ed to the firs t two
b een ha ve a n a tu r a l p rocess ,

in the develop m en t o f
a fo l k ta le Th e ep i s ode o f th e m a g i
- c fli g h t .

is ver y w i dely d i
s tr ibu ted : La n g m en tion s Z u lu G a el ic Norse Ma la , , ,

g y
a s R u ss
, i
a n I ta l i
a n a n d J,a p a n ese v er s i
o ns
, O f th e m a g ic fl i
g h t .

bin ed th th e per for m a n ce

‘
wi b y th e g i rl s
of di
flicu lt ta s k s
’
com set

fa ther , th e s tor i l ly sca ttered : G reece, Ma da g asca r

es a r e n o ess w i de ,

Scotla n d , R u ss ia , I ta ly , Nor th Am er i ca (Al g o n q u i ns) , Fi n la n d , Sa m oa

(p . T h e o n ly reason a bl e ex p l a na tio n o f th es e re s em b l a n ces ,

a ccor d i n g to L a n g , is th e theor y o f tra n sm i ss ion ; a n d i f Mr La n g , th e .

a n thro po l og ica l theor y , m u s t n eeds ex p l a i

”
cha m p i on o f th e n i n th i s

ra ther bu s i nes s li
- k e w a y a com p a r a ti vely s i m p le ta l e, w ha t b u t th e
tr a n s m i
ss ion theor y ca n ex p l a i n fa r m ore com p l i ca ted s tor i es o f five

or s i
x di
s ti
n ct i den ts i
n ci n th e q
sa m e se u en ce ?

The For gotten B etrothed cyc e l w as l

c ea r ly in ven ted but on ce

w hen or w her e, we s ha ll n o t a ttem p t to B u t tha t i

sa y . ts ex ce en t ll
co m bin a ti
on o f ra p i d , m a r vellou s , a n d p a th eti
c si on s h as m a d e
tu a ti
i
t a ta l e o f a l m os t u n i
ver sa l a p p ea l , i
s a tte
s ted to b y the s cores of

va r i
a n ts tha t h a ve b een co ll th i
ected w i n th ela s t ha l f tu r y a n d -cen

C a m pb ell s G aeli
c s tor y
“
m ore . I n hi
s n o tes to
’
The B a ttle of the ,

Bi
r ds , No . 2, Koh ler cites Nor weg i an Swedi sh I ta l ia n Germ a n
, , , ,

a nd Hu n g a r ia n ( O r i
vers i
en t
on s u n d O c cid en t, 2 R a ls to n

( pp 3 .1 2 C os q u in ( 2 : N o 3 2 a n d n o tes ) . C r a n e ( N o x v a n d , .

n o tes , pp 34 3 . B o l te (i n hi s a ddi ti on s to Koh ler , 1 1 70 a nd

B o l te-P o l i v k a ( to Nos 5 , 5 ,
1 6 1 1 3) .h a v e a d d e d v e r y fu ll b ib l i
o g r a

p h ies I t
. is u n n ec e ss a r y h er e t o l i
s t a ll th e v a r ia n ts o f th is s to r y th a t
h a ve b een co llected , b u t w e w ill ex a m in e som e o f th e a n a log u es to ou r
ta l e fro m th e poi n t o f vi ew o f th e sepa r a te i n ci den ts .

A fter the hero of ou r p resen t s tor y h as b een des er ted by h is tr ea cher

o u s b r o thers a n d h a s fo u n d h i
, m sel f o n ce m ore i n th e u n d er w or ld , h e i
-
s

to l d b y a m ys ter i o u s voi ce to g o to th e La n d o f th e P i lgr im s wher e h e ,

wi ll fin d h is fa te He m eets a n old m a n , who dir ects h im to a herm it

. .

Th e h erm it in tu rn , d i , r ects th e you th to a n o ther h er m i t, w ho lea r n s

fro m a n ea g le wher e th e La n d of th e P ilg r im s is , a n d d irects th e b ird
to ca rr y th e you th th i ther W h ile the s tor y does n ot s ta te tha t th e
.

La n d o f th e P i lg s is on th e u p per wor ld , we m u s t su p pose tha t it

r im
“
-
”

is , a n d th a t th e ea g le i s th e m ea n s wh er eb y th e hero esca pe s from th e

u n d er g r o u n d k i n g do m I n a l a r g e n u m b er o f m em b er s o f th e B ea r s
’
.

Son cycl e, to w hi ch , a s h a s b een sa i d , th e firs t p a r t o f ou r s tor y b e

lo n gs , th i s is th e u s u a l m ea n s o f esca pe The i n ci den t i s a l so fo u n d i
. n

a l a rg e n u m b er o f ta les n o t con n ected o therw i se w i th th i s g rou p (see

C os q u i n, 2 14 1 It i s s om eti m es co m bi n ed w i th th e qu es t for
th e w a ter o f l i fe, with which in tu r n is con n ected the s itu a tion of the
 Fi
lipino P opu la r Ta les . 1 67

hero ’
sb ei n g refer red from on e g u i de to a n other (g i a n ts , sa g es her m i , ts ,
as i n ou r s tor y (cf G ri . m m , No 97 , a n d n o tes ; a lso B ol te P ol i
.
-
vk a

to No 97 , es peci
. a lly 2 : 400 ; Thor p e 1 58 ; Ta wn ey , 1 : 206 ; P ersi
,
an

Ta les , 2 Th i s whol e secti on a p pea rs to ha ve been i n trodu ced

as a tr a n s i ti on b etween pa r ts 1 a n d 2 .

The secon d pa r t o f ou r stor y opens wi

”
th th e br ide wa ger in
-

ciden t (see Von Ha h n , I : 54 , O en om aos for m el thou g h I ca n

p o in t t o n o p a r a ll e l o f J u a n
’
s m e t h od o f m a k in g l o v e t o t h e p r in c e s s ;
tha t i s , b y m ea n s o f a letter con veyed b y a ki te .

Th e ta s ks whi ch th e hero i s obl i g ed to p e r fo r m v a r y g r ea tly in th e

fl ere n t m em bers o f the F or g otten Betrothed cycle J u a n ha s to

“ ”
di .

p la n t w h e a t a n d b a k e b re a d fro m t h e r ip e n e d g r a i
n in tw e n t y
-
fo u r

hou rs , sep a ra te a j a r of m on g o from a j a r of sa n d , a n d fetch a r i n g from

the se a The fir s t tas k i

. m posed b y th e k i n g h a s a n a log i es i n a n u m b er

of Eu r opea n ta le I n Groom e s No 34 th e Devi l sa ys to th e hero ,

’
s . .

Here i s on e m or e ta s k for you : dra i n th e m a r sh , a n d p lou g h i t, a n d

t, a n d to m orrow br i
’
sow i -
n g m e r oa s ted m a i ze (p . I n G r oo m e s

Fell i
“
No 7 th e ld n g sa ys to th e old m a n , See th i
. s gr ea t fores t ! t a ll ,
a nd m a ke i t a level field ; a n d p lou g h i t for m e, a n d b rea k u p a ll th e
ea r th ; a n d sow i t wi th m i llet b y to m orrow m or n in g An d m a r k well
- .

wha t I tell you : you m u st b r i n g m e a ca k e [m ad e fr om th e r i p e n e d

llet seed clea r ly ; see p 2 3] m a de wi lk C os qu i
”
mi -
, . th sweet m i . n (2

24 ) ci tes a Ca ta l a n a n d a B a s qu e stor y i n wh i ch th e h er o h as n o t o n ly

to fell a g rea t fores t, b u t to sow g r a i n a n d h a r ves t i t I n ki

. n d th i s

is th e s a m e sor t o f i m p oss i bl e ta s k im posed on Tr u th in a Visa ya n

stor y (J AF L 1 9 : 1 00 wher e the her o h as to beg et a n d th e ,

p r in ce s s hi s w ife t o b r in g for th , in o n e n ig h t , th ree c h il d re n H

. e l p fu l
ea g les s olve th i s di fficu l ty for Tru th b y con veyi n g to h i m th ree n ew ly
b or n b a b es T h e seco d ta s
n k is a w e ll -
k n own on e, a n d i s fou n d i n

m a n y m em bers o f th e G r a tefu l An i m a ls cycle . Usu a lly i t i s a n ts ,

wh i ch th e her o h a s ea r li er spa r ed th a t p er for m th e servi

, ce o f sepa ra t

in g two k i n ds o f seed , etc (see Ta w n ey , I : 36 1 a n d n ote)

. .Th e m i x

tur e of sa n d a n d m on go , i n ou r s tor y i s n o t a ver y ha pp y co n cep ti

,
on .

O ri g in a l l y i t m u s t h a v e b e e n e ith e r g r a v e l a n d m o n go , o r e ls e m o n g o

a n d som e o ther k i n d o f len ti l n ea r ly r es em blin g it in size, The third

ta s k , w i th th e m ethod of a ccom p l i s hi ng i t, i s per ha ps th e m ost i n

teres ti n g o f a ll . I n a Sa m oa n s tor y o f the Forg otten B etro thed

cycle ( La n g op ci , . t , p 98) r th e h er oi
. . ne b i ds the her o cu t h er bod y i n to

p ie w s a n d c a s t t h em in t o t h e s ea . T h er e s h e b e co m e
s a fi s h a n d
recovers th e r i ng . I n a Ca ta l a n ta le ( R on da lla yre, 1 : 4 1 ) the her o
is a ls o req u i re d to fetch a r i n g fro m th e b o ttom o f th e sea Hi
. s

loved on e tells h i m to cu t h er to p i eces ta k i ,n g ca r e n ot to let a n y p a r t

drop to the g rou n d , a n d to throw a ll i n to the wa ter . I n spi te of a ll h i s

care, he lets fa l l to ea r th on e dro p o f blood The her oi

. n e recovers th e
 ri
ng , b u t l a ck s the firs t j oin t o f her l ittle fin ger when s he res u m e
s h er
or i
g i
n a l s ha p e .

The
“
m agi
c flight is discu ss ed b y Cos q u i n ( I 1 52 1 54) a n d —

Ma ccu lloch 1 67 Two k in ds of tr a n s form a ti

o n a r e to b e n o ted

i
n con n ecti
on th
wi thi
s esca p e : the p u rsu ed either tra n s for m them
l
se ve
s , a nd th u s esca pe d e te ct io n b y t h e p u rs u e r . o r el se ca s t b eh i nd

them m a g i c obj ects , w h i ch tu r n i n to re ta r di n g a n d fin a lly i n s u r m ou n t

a ble obs ta cl e s i n th e p a th o f the p u rs u er I n ou r s tor y th e tra n s

.

for m a ti on s a re o f th e secon d typ e , as th ey a r e i n th e s tor y o f P edro

a n d the W i
”
tch ( N o . S o f a r a s I k n o w , th e fi r s t t yp e do e s n ot
occu r in F li i p in o fo l k -
t a le s B o t.h ty p e s a r e f o u n d fr e q u en t ly in

O cci den ta l Mar chen , b u t i n O ri en ta l s tor i es th e seco n d seem s to pre

dom i n a te o ver th e first (see C os q u i n s ci ta ti on s o f O r i en ta l occu r ren ces

’

o f th i s i n ci den t) I n Som a deva (Ta w n ey , 1 : 355 i

. f ) we ha ve tw o
.

flig hts a n d b oth types of esca pe As to th e deta ils of the flig ht itsel f
.

in ou r s tor y , w e m a y n ote tha t th e co m b b ecom i n g a th i ck et o f thor n s

ha s m a n y a n a log u es The r i
. n g becom i n g seven m o u n ta i n s s u gg es ts

wi th i ts m a g i c n u m b er a n O r i en ta l or i g in W i th
. s p itt l e tu rn i n g i n to a

la k e or s ea , com p a r e s i mi la r tr a n sfor m a tion s of dro ps of wa ter a n d a

b la dder fu ll o f wa ter ( Ma ccu lloch , 1 7 1
The i n ciden t o f the for g etti n g o f th e b etro th ed is u s u a lly m oti

y a ted w i th som e sor t o f b ro k en ta b oo W hen the hero desires to

.

vi si t hi s p a r en ts , a n d lea ves h i s sw eethea r t o u tsi d e th e ci ty, s he u s u a lly

wa r n s h i m n ot to a llow h i m sel f to b e k i ssed I n a G a el i
. c Ma r chen

he i s for b i dden to s pea k ; som eti m es he i s w a r n ed b y h i s wi fe n o t to

ea t, etc ( Koh ler B ol te ,
.
-
I n o u r s to r y th e ta b oo i s som ew ha t

u n u su a l : th e hero i s to a llow n o tea rs o f j oy sh ed b y h i s p a ren ts to

f a ll on h is cheeks Th e idea b eh in d th is cha rg e, however , is th e

.

s a m e a s th a t b eh i n d th e fo r b i dden k i ss W ith the ta b oo for b iddin g

.

th e pa r ta k i n g o f food , co m p a e th e ep ir s od e o f th e Lotu s Ea ters

-

in th e Od ys sey .

I n m os t o f th e Ma rchen o th i f s g r ou p the r e -
a w a k en i n g o f th e

m em or y o f th e her o i s a cco m p l i sh ed th ro u g h th e con ver sa ti o n o f tw o

bir ds ( doves or hen s) which th e for go tten b etrothed m a n a ges to in

tr od u ce i n to th e p r es en ce o f h er lo ver j u s t b efore h e i s m a rri ed to

a n other ( oh l r B o l te , 1 7 2 ; R i
K e -
tter s h a u s , I n ou r s tor y the
hero in e as ks a dog qu es tion s a b ou t th e ta s ks sh e ha d hel ped the her o
p e r fo r m . I c a n p o i n t to n o e x a c t p a r a lle l o f t h is s i tu a t io n , t h o u g h it
a g r ees i n g en er a l w i th th e m ethod s u sed i n th e o th er m em b ers o f th e

g ro u p .

For th e firs t p a r t o f ou r s tor y (w i

th th e on of
ex cep ti the i
n trodu c

on ) , com pa r e
ti Koh l er -
l
B o te , 2 92 —
2 96 ,537
—
54 3 ; Go n zen b a ch , No 58
.

and n otes ; F P a n zer

’
s B eow u f l pa s sim See a lso th e n otes to

“
. .

N os 3 . and 4 of t h is collection .
 Mem oirs of ca n Folk L or e Soci
the A m eri ety. -

com es ver y u gly i n a p pea ra n ce, refu ses to si

ng, a nd the k in g g row s w o rse .

Juan , m ea n ti
m e, is res tored b y a n a n g el sen t from ea ven He n a h . fi lly
r ea ch es h
o m e ; a n d the Ad ar n a b i rd i m m edi a tel b eco m es b ea u ti fu a g a in , y l
a n d si n g s of the tr ea c er of Di h y
eg o a n d P ed ro The k in g , recovered , wi s es . h
to b a n i s hi h l
s tw o o d er so n s ; b u t J u a n p ea ds for t em , a n d t e a re res tored l h hy
to fa vor The k in g n o w c a r g es hi
. s t r ee so ns wi h t the sa fe k eep i
- h
n g of the h
bi h
r d , t rea te n i n g wi h
t dea t the o n e w ho ets i h
t fl a wa l y y .

O n e ni g t , w i e h
J u a n hl
is o n w a tc , h e fa s a s l ee p H is e n v iou sh b r o t e rs ll . h
o p en the ca g e, a n d the b i r d es ca pes en J u a n a wa k en s a n d sees the m i
. Wh s

h
c i ef do n e, he ea ves l h
o m e to ook for th e Ad a m s l
Nex t da y the k in g , .

mi ssi n g b ot h
J u a n a n d the b ir d , sen ds P ed ro a n d Diego in sea r c of t eir h h
b ro t erh T e fin d him i
. hy n the m o u n ta i n s of r m en i a I n t ei r j oi n t sea rch A . h
for th e bi h
r d , the t ree co m e to a deep wel Di eg o a n d P ed ro tr y i n tu rn l .

to g o dow n , b u t fea r to m a k e the descen t to the b o tto m J u a n is t en . h

lowered At the foo t of the w e he n d s b ea u ti
. fu elds ll I n hi fi
s wa n d eri n gs lfi .

he com es to a a rg e ou se w ere a p ri l h n cess i s ook i h n g o u t of the w i n d ow l .

She tells J u a n t a t s he i s ihn th e p ow er of a g i a n t; a n d so , w en the m o ns ter h

retu r n s , J u a n kils i t He i l k ewi se ib era tes her s i
. l s ter Leo n ora , w ho i l s

in th e p ower of a seven - ea ded s n a k e h

t ree — J u a n a n d the tw o . All h
p r in c esse s a re o i
s ted t o th h
e to p o f th e w ell ; b u t w e n J u a n s tar ts b a c k fo r h
a ri h
n g t a t Leo n ora h a s for g o tten , h i s cr u e b ro t ers cu t th e ro p e Leo l h .

l
n o ra se n d s her p et w o f to cu re J u a n , a n d the tw o b ro t ers w i t the tw o h h
p ri n cesses retu rn to B er b a n i a J u a n a is m a rried to Diego ; b u t Leo n ora re
.

y
fu ses to m a r r P ed ro , a s kin g for a seven ea r r es p i te to w a i t fo r J u a n s -
y '

re tu r n .

Mea n tim e J u a n ha s b een r es tor ed O n e da y th e Ad a r n a b i rd a p pea rs ,

.

a n d si n g s o ver h i s h
ea d t a t t ere ar e t r ee b ea u ti h h
fu p ri n cesses i n the h l
ki n g do m
“
d e los C ri s ta l es J u a n sets o u t to fin d t a t p a ce He m ee ts a n
. h l .

old m a n , w ho g i ves h i m a pi ece of h i s s i r t a n d te s h i m to g o to a cer ta i hn ll

h erm i t for d i recti on s The er m it r ecei . h
ves J u a n o n p resen ta ti o n o f the

tok en , a n d s u m m o n s a ll the a n i m a s to q u es ti l
o n t em a b o u t th e ki n g dom de h
los C r i s ta es ;
"
l
b u t n on e of th e a n im a s k n ows w ere th e k i l n g dom i s T is h . h
h erm i t n ow d i rects J u a n to a n o t er er m i ta g e h h
T er e th e o m a n s u m . h h ly
m o n s a ll the bi r ds O n e ea g e k n ow s w ere i
. t i l
s ; a n d a fter J u a n g ets o n i h
ts
b a ck , th e ea g e fl i l
es fo r a m o n t , a n d na rea c es th e kih n g d o m so u g t fi lly h h .

h
T ere, in a cco rda n ce w it the b i r d s di h
recti o n s , w ie th e p ri
’
n cesses a r e hl
h h
b a t in g , J u a n s tea ls th e clo t es of th e o u n g es t, a n d wi n o t r etu r n t em y ll h
u n ti l s h e p r om i ses to m a rr hi m y
Sh e a gr ees , a n d a ter el p s h i
. m p erfor m l h
th e d i fficu t ta s k s set hil m b y h er en c a n ter fa t er ( eve i n g m o u n ta i n h h l ll ,

p aln tin g w ea t, n ew h b a k ed b ly
rea d re
-
co ve r i
n g fl as k fr o m se a r e m o v in g
m o u n ta i n recoveri n g ri n g fro m sea [ sa m e m et od a s i n o u r fo k ta e] h l -
l
ca tchi ng ki
’
ng s orse) h . h
T en the tw o es ca pe, p u rs u ed b y the m a g i ci an .

Tra n sform a tio n fl i g t ( n ee d e , t ho r n s ; p iec e o flso a p, m o h

u n t a in ; w it e h
cafe] , a k e) l Th e b a ffl ed m a g i
. cia n cu r ses h i s d a u g ter , a n d sa s t a t h y h
ll
s he w i b e forg o tten b y J u a n en J u a n rea c es . Wh
o m e a n d sees L eo n o r a , h h
he fo r g ets Ma r i a O n hi s wed d i
. n g da y wi t Leo n ora , a n u n k n ow n p ri n ces s h
co m es to a tten d th e fes ti vi ties F r om a s m a b o tt e w i . c s he h a s s he ll l h h
p r o d u c e s a s m a N e g re ss ll
a n d Ne g r o , w h o d a n c e b e fo re th e o u n g b r i
d a y l
cou p e l . A h
fter ea c d a n ce th e Neg r ess a dd resses J u a n , a n d recou n ts to
hi h
m w a t Ma r i a h a s d o n e for h i m T en s he b ea ts th e Neg ro , b u t J u a n
. h
 Fili
p in o P opu la r Ta les . 1 7 ;

leels th e b lows .Fina l ly

, sin ce J u a n r em a ins i b e, Ma r i
n fl ex i a t rea ten s to l h
dash to p i eces th e b ottle, w i c h h
co n ta i
'
n s J ua n a ife J u a n co n sen ts to l .

m a rr y her ; b u t Leon o ra p ro tes ts , sa i y h

n g t a t h er w o f sa ved J u a n s ife l '
l .

Ar chb i sh o p ca ll ed to a r bi tra te the m a tter , d eci des i n fa vor o f Leo n ora .

y h
When Ma ria n ow flood s the co u n tr a n d t rea ten s the w o e k in g do m with h l
destr u cti o n , Ki
n g Fer n a n do p ers u a des Leo n o ra to ta k e h is o d es t so n P ed ro l .

J u a n a n d Ma ria a re m a r ried , a n d re tu r n to the k in gdom de los C ris ta es

“ "
l .

Th e V isa ya n vers ion o f th e Ada r n a B i rd is pr a ctica lly iden tica l

th th e Ta ga log u p to th e poi
wi n t w here J u a n r escu es th e tw o p r i
n cess e
s

from th e u n der wor ld .When he a n d they ha ve been dra wn to th e

top o f th e well b y th e tw o o l der b rother s , J ua n tel ls P edro a n d Di eg o

to retu r n hom e wi th th e tw o m a i den s b u t sa ys tha t h e wi

, ll con tin u e
the sea r ch for th e m a g i c bi rd . He la ter lea r n s tha t i ti s i
n th e posse s

sion o f Ma r i a da ug h ter o f th e Ki
, n g o f Sa ler m o He d i rects h i s s teps
.

thi th er , fa lls i n love w i th th e p ri n cess , a n d , tog ether w i th th e bi rd ,

th ey retu rn to B er b a n i a Th e thr ee b r oth ers a re m a rr i

. ed a t th e sa m e

ti me . I t wi ll b e n oticed tha t her e the forgo tten b etro thed m otif

-

is la ck i n g a ltog ether .

For a Ta ga log fol k ta le con n ected w i

- th th i s ro m a n ce b u t cha n ged ,

s ha r d ly recog n i za b l e a s a rela ti ve see th e s to r y o f

“
so tha t i t i , The
Adam s (si c) B i rd (JAF L 2 0 : 1 07
I t is i n ter es ti n g to n o te th a t the Ta g a l og r o m a n ce i s d efin i tely
Swa n Ma i den s cycle in th e m ethod J u a n u ses to
“ "
rem i ni s cen t o f th e

wi n th e a fl ecti o n s o f Ma r i a , the en cha n ter s da u g h ter For pa ra llels

'
’
.

to J ua n s tr i ck o f s tea l i n g Ma r i a s clo thes w h i le she a n d her sis ters

’ '

n g , see Ma ccu lloch , 342 f For a la rg e co llecti

“
a r e b a thi . on o f Sw a n
Ma iden s tor ies in a b s tr a ct, see Ha r tla n d , cha p ter s x a n d x 1 .

Cons i der i n g th e fa ct th a t b o th p a r ts o f o u r s tor y a re p ra cti ca lly

wor ld wi-
de i n th ei r di bu tion , it is a lm os t im poss ib le to sa y where
s tr i

a n d when th e two i n com bi n a tion firs t ex i s ted I a m in clin ed to .

thi n k , o n th e w ho le, th a t ou r Fi lip in o fol k ta le is a n im por ta tion , a n d

-

is no t n a ti ve . As to th e r ela ti on s h i
p b etw ee n th e p p
o u l ar a n d th e

litera r y ver s i o n s o f th e s to r y , I bel i eve th a t i n g en er a l th e l i tera r y h as

b een d er i ved fro m th e pop u la r .

UAN
1 8. A N D m AD V E N TU ‘
J s R ES .

O n ce i n a cer ta in vill a g e th ere l ived a coupl e wh o h a d th ree

d a u g h ter s Thi
. ly w a s ver y poor a t firs t N ea r the foo t
s fa m i .

of a m o un ta i ng a tree w ith l a r g e w h ite lea ves ’

n w a s g r ow i .

P edr o th e fa ther ea r n ed th ei r li vi ng by sell ing the lea ves of

tha t tr ee . In tim e h e g ot so m uch m oney from them th a t h e
Na rra ted by Jose Ma Ka tig b a k a Ta ga log f om L ips Ba ta nga s He hea rd the
. . r . .

stor y An g el R eyes a noth er B a ta n g u ei

from . io .

Th e-
e m e th e lea ves of a p la n t w hi ch the Ta ga log s ca l l Coli
: ( see no te a. p .
 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk L or e Soci
ety - .

o rd er e d a l a rg e hou se to b e buil t Th en th ey l eft th eir old h om e .

,

a n d w en t to l i ve i n th e n ew h ou se The fa ther kept on se ll i ng .

th e l ea ves After a yea r h e d eci

. ded to cu t d ow n the tr ee so ,

th a t h e could sell i t a ll a t once a n d g et m uch m oney So h e .

w en t to the foot o f th e m oun ta i n on e da y a n d cu t the tree ,

dow n As soon a s th e tr unk h a d cra s hed to the g r ound a

.
,

la rg e s n a ke ca m e ou t fr om th e s tu m p Now th i s s n a ke w a s .
,

a n ench a n ter a n d w a s the fr i

, end of th e ki ng s of the l ion s ea g les , ,

a n d fis hes a s w e s h a ll see
, .

Th e sn a ke sa i d to P ed ro I g a ve you the l ea ves of th is tree ,

to sell ; a n d n ow a fter you h a ve g otten m u ch m on ey fr om i

, t ,

y o u cu t it d ow n T h er e i
s b u t. o n e s u it a bl e pun is h m en t fo r

y o u : w ith in th r ee d a y s y ou m u s t b r in g a l l y o u r d a u g h ters h ere

"
an d gi ve th em to m e Th e m a n w a s so a s ton i
. s h ed a t fi rs t ,

th a t h e di d n ot kn ow w h a t to do He m a d e n o r eply a n d a fter .
,

a few m i nu tes w en t h om e His sa dn ess w a s so g rea t th a t h e .

could n o t even ea t Hi s wi fe a n d d a u g h ters n oticing h is

.
,

depr ession as ked h im w h a t h e w a s th inking a bo u t At firs t

, .

he di d n ot w a n t to tell th em ; b u t th ey u r g ed a n d beg g ed so
incessa n tly th a t fin a lly h e w a s forced to do so
, .

He sa i d to th em To d a y I cu t d ow n th e tree w h ere I g o t
,
-

the l ea ves w h i ch I so ld A s n a ke ca m e ou t fr om the s tu m p a n d

.
,

told m e th a t I s h o uld br i ng you th ree g ir l s to h im or w e s h ould

"
a ll di
e .

“
Don t w orr y fa ther ! w e w ill g o th er e w ith you sa id th e
'
, ,

th r ee d a u g h ter s .

Th e n ex t d a y th ey pr ep a r ed to g o to the s n a ke Th ei r .

pa r en ts w ept ver y m u ch Ea ch of th e th r ee g ir l s g a ve h er .

m oth er a h a ndker ch i ef a s a r em em b r a n ce After th ey h a d .

bidd en g ood b y th ey set ou t on th eir j ou r n ey w ith th eir fa th er

-
, .

As soon a s th ey rea ch ed the foot of the m oun ta i n the th r ee ,

d a u g h ters d isa ppea red a t once a n d the poor fa th er retu r n ed ,

h om e ch eer less A yea r h a d n o t p a ssed by before a so n w a s

.

bor n to the old coupl e They n a m ed h im Ju a n When the b o y

. .

w a s a bo u t ei g h tee n ye a r s o ld h i
s m o th er s h o w ed h i
m th e ,h a nd
ker ch iefs of h is s is ters .

“
H a ve I a n y sister ? sa id Ju a n to his m oth er .

Yes you h a ve th r ee ; b u t th ey w er e ta ken a w a y by a sn a ke

, ,

sh e told h i m Ju a n w a s so a n g r y th a t h e a sked his pa ren ts to

.
,

g iv e h im p er m iss i
o n to g o in sea r ch o f hi s s i
s ters A t fi rs t th ey .

hesi ta ted b u t a t l a s t they g a ve h i

,
m l ea ve So ta k i ng th e .
.
 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Folk L or e Soci
-
ety .

Jua n n ow decided to retu r n hom e a n d tell h is pa ren ts w her e

hi s three s i s ters w ere ; b u t h e too k a n oth er w a y ba ck He ca m e .

to a tow n w h ere a ll the peo pl e w ere d r ess ed i n bl a ck a n d th e ,

decor a tion s of the hou ses w er e of th e sa m e col or He a s ked .

som e peo pl e w h a t h a d h a ppened i n th a t tow n Th ey told h i m .

th a t a pr i ncess w a s l ost a n d th a t he w ho could br ing her ba ck

,

to th e ki n g s hould receive h er h a nd in m a rr ia g e a n d a l so h a lf
th e p ro per ty of th e ki ng Ju a n th en w ent to th e ki . n g an d

prom ised to restore h is d a ug h ter to h im Th e ki n g a g r eed to .

rew a r d h i m a s the tow n s peo pl e h a d sai d if h e s h ould prove ,

s u ccess ful .

Ea r ly the n ex t m or ning Ju a n w ith h is ca p sa nd a ls a n d k ey , , , ,

set ou t to l oo k for the pr i ncess After a two d a ys j ou r ney h e .

-
’

ca m e to a m o un ta i n Here he d escend ed an d beg a n to loo k

.

a r ound Fi na lly he sa w a hug e r ock in w h ich he found a s m a l l

. ,

ho l e . He p u t the k ey i n i t a n d th e rock fl ew o pen , With .

hi s ca p of i n vi sibil ity on h is h ea d h e en tered Ther e w ith i , n he .

sa w m a ny l a d i es w h o w er e confined i
, n sep a r a te r oo m s In th e .

ver y l a s t a p a r tm en t h e found th e p r i n cess w i th a g i a n t bes i de

h er . He w en t nea r the room of the p r i n cess a n d o pened the ,

door w ith h is k ey The w a ll s of a ll th e r oom s w ere l ike those

.

o f a pr i so n a n d w er e m a d e of i
,
ro n b a r s Ju a n a pproa ch ed th e .

pr incess a n d r em a in ed n ea r h er un til the g ia n t w en t a w a y

, .

As soon a s th e m ons ter w a s ou t of s i h Ju k fl i

'

g t an too o h s ,

ca p . Th e pr i n cess w a s s u r pr ised to see h im b u t h e told h er ,

th a t h e h a d com e to ta ke h er a w a y She w a s ver y g l a d b u t .

,

sa i d th a t they h a d better w a it for the g ia n t to g o a w a y before

they sta r ted After a few m i
. nu tes th e g ia nt w en t ou t to ta ke
a w a lk Wh en th ey sa w th a t h e h a d pa ssed th roug h th e m a in
.

door th ey w en t ou t a l so Jua n p u t on h is sa nd a l s a n d fl ew a w a y
,
.

th the p r i n cess B u t w hen th ey w ere ver y n ea r the kin g s ’

wi .

pa l a ce th e pr incess d isa ppea red : she w a s ta ken b a ck by th e

,

i n p ful i Ju n y n y d h u n d
'

g a t s ow e r m a g c a w a s ver a.
g r a n e r e t r e ,

a t on ce to th e g i He s u cceeded i n o pen i ng the m a in

’
a n t s ca ve .

door b u t he could n ot en ter After s tr ug g l ing in va in for a bo u t

,
.

a n h ou r h e a t l a s t d eter m i
, ned to g o to h is broth ers in la w for - -

h elp .

Wh en h e h a d ex pl a ined w h a t h e w a n ted th e king of the ,

ea g l es sa i d to h im Ju a n the l ife a n d pow er of th e g ia n t a r e

, ,

i n a li ttl e b ox a t th e h ea r t of th e ocea n No on e ca n g et th a t .

b ox ex cep t the ki ng of th e fi shes a n d n o on e ca n open it ex ,

ce t th e
p kin g of the l i o ns Th e li fe of the g i a nt i
. s in a little
bird w h ich is insid e th e b ox Th is bi rd fl ies ver y sw i f tly a n d
.
,

I a m th e only on e w ho ca n ca tch it The streng th of the g ia n t .

"
is i n a li ttl e eg g w h i
ch i s in th e b ox w i th th e bi rd .

Wh en th e kin g of th e ea g l es h a d fin ished his s tor y Ju a n w en t ,

“
to the ki n g of the fis h es Will you fetch m e th e b ox w h ich
.

"
con ta i ns the l ife a n d str eng th of the g ia n t? sa id Ju a n to the
kin g of th e fish es After as king h im m a ny qu estion s h is
.
,

broth er in la w s w a m a w a y a n d soon r etu r ned w ith the b ox

- -
, .

Wh en Ju a n h a d r eceived it fr om him he th a nked h im a n d ,

w en t to th e ki n g of the l ions .

The ki ng of the l ion s w ill ing ly o pen ed the b ox for h im As .

soon a s th e b ox w a s o pen ed th e l i rd i
ttle b i n sid e fl ew sw iftly
,

away .Ju a n took th e egg how ever a n d w en t ba ck to th e , ,

ki n g of th e ea g l es a n d asked h im to ca tch the bird After th e

, .

li ttle bi r d h a d been ca ug h t Ju a n pu s h ed o n to th e ca ve o f ,

th e g i a nt Wh en h e ca m e th ere he o pen ed th e door a n d en

.
,

ter ed h old i
, ng the bir d in on e h a nd a n d the eg g in th e oth er .

En r a g ed a t th e sig h t of Ju a n the g ia n t r ush ed a t h im ; a n d ,

Ju a n w a s so s tar tl ed th a t he cr us hed the eg g a n d kill ed th e

,

b ir d At on ce th e g ia nt fell on his ba ck an d stretch ed ou t h is

.
,

l eg s to r ise n o m ore .

Ju a n n ow w ent th roug h the ca ve o pen ing a ll th e priso n doors , ,

a n d rel ea s in g the la d ies He ca r r ied the pr incess w ith h im ba ck

.

to the pa l a ce As soon as h e a rr i
. ved a g rea t cel ebr a ti on w a s ,

h eld a n d he w a s m a rr ied to the pr in cess After the dea th of

, .

th e ki ng Ju a n beca m e r ul er He l a ter visited h is p a r en ts

, .
,

a n d told th em o f a ll h i s a d ven tu res Then he too k th em to h i s .

ow n ki ng do m w her e th ey l ived h a pp ily tog ether

, .

N O TES .

A Ta g a log a n t o f th i
va r i s s tor y , t ed
en ti l P ed ro a nd th e G i
a n ts ,

a n d n a rra ted b y J osé H ila r io from B a ta n ga s , ru n s th u s i

n a b s tra ct :

Two orp h an si
s ter s livi g n wi
t h th i b th e r ro er P ed ro a r e s to en l b y tw o
p ow er fu l gi P ed r o g oes i
a n ts . n sea r c o s s s ers , a n d h f hi it
n ds fi th em . Co n
tr a ry to the ex p ecta ti o n s o f a ll , th e tw o g r i
m b r o t ers -
i
n -
la w w e co m e h l
P ed r o , a n d o ffer to serve h i m P ed ro a ter w i s es to m a rr
. a p ri l
n cess , a n d h y
th e g ia n ts d em a n d her o f th e k i n g h er fa t er He refu ses to g i ve h er u p , h .

lh
a t ou g h
s h e fa s i n ll
ove w i t l P ed ro To p u n ih
s hi s d a u g ter , th e k i
. ng h h
ex p oses h er to th e h o t s u n ; b u t o n e of th e g i a n ts s a des h er w i t hi s ea g e h h l
lik e wi n gs . h
T en th e o t er g i h
a n t t r ea ten s th e ki h
n g ; b u t the m o n a rc h
y
sa s h e i s sa fe, for h i s i fe i l
s co n ta i n ed i n tw o egg s i n an i ro n b ox g u a r ded
1 76 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk L or e Soci
ety -
.

b y two l hi g
c as n rock s . With th e g iga n t o b ta i
r ea t n s th e per s o n a l ri
sk

eg g s ; a n d , u po n th e k i
’
ng s s refu s i n g to g i till
ve h is d a u g ter to P ed ro, the h
g i
a n t d a s eshth e egg s to th e g r o u n d , a n d th e k i
n g fa s d ea d P ed r o a n d ll .

the p r i n cess a re t en m a r ri ed h .

Th i
s l
a n a og u e o f ou r s tor y is n ot very close in deta i ls , yet there a re
en o ug h gen era l r es em b la n ces b etw een th e tw o to m a k e it p r etty cer ta i
n

th a t th ey a r e dis ta n tly r ela ted .

O u r s tor y o f J ua n a n d h i s Ad ven tu r e b elo n gs to th e An i

“
s mal
B ro ther s in La w-
cy cle
-
a for m u l a for wh ich Vo n H a h n ( 1 : 53)
,

en um er a tes th e fo llow i ng i n ci
d en ts

A Th ree p ri
n ces w ho h a ve b een tra n sfo r m ed i
n to a ni
ma s l m a rr y th e si
s ters

of th e h er o .

B Th e h ero vi
sits hi h
s t ree b r o t er s - i
n -l a w h .

C T e h yh l e p hi m p erfor m ta s k s .

D Th ye sen c a n ted b y h i
a re d i h
m .

As C r a n e sa ys (p th is for m ul a va r i
. es o f cou r se Som eti m es th ere , .

a re b u t tw o s i
s te r s ( cf o u r va r i
a n t) , a n d. th e b r o t h ers -
in la w a re -

fr eed from their en cha n tm en t in som e other wa y th a n b y th e hero .

For a b i b li
og ra p h y o f th i s g r o u p see C ra n e, 342 343 n o te 2 3, to No 1 3 ,
-
, . .

P er ha ps th e b es t ver s i on o f th i s s tor y is tha t fo u n d i n B as i le , 4 3,

the a r g u m en t of w h i ch , a s g i ven i n B u r to n s tr a n s l a tio n (2
’

ru ns th u s

Gi l
a n co a , so n of the Ki n g of Verd e co i c fa reth to seek h i s t ree si s ters , -
l , h
m a rried o n e w i h
t a fa co n a n o t er w i l h
t a s ta g a n d th e o t er w i
, t a do p i n ; h , h h l h
l
a fter o n g j o u r n e i y
n g h e fin deth t em , a n d o n h i s r etu r n h
o m ew a rd s h e h
co m et hu po n the d a u g ter o f a k i ng w ho i h
s e d p ri s on er b y a d r a g o n , hl
wi h
n a tower , a n d ca i
t i n g b y si gn s w i c ll
h a d b een g i ven h i m b y the h h
l
fa con s ta g a n d do p i
, , l h
n , a ll t ree ca m e b efo re h i m r ea d h to e p h i m , a nd y hl
wi h h
t t ei r ai ly h
d he s a et th e d r a g on a n d settet free th e p ri n cess , w o m h e , h h
h hy
w eddeth , a n d tog et er t e retu rn to hi s r ea m l .

Th i
s a r g u m en t qu ite do j u stice to th e s im ila r ities b etw een
does n ot

B as i le s s tor y a n d ou rs For in sta n ce in th e I ta lia n stor y w hen the

'
.
, ,

d a u g hters lea ve they g i ve thei, r m o ther th ree i ca l r i

d en ti n gs as to k ens .

Th en a so n i s b orn to th e q u een W hen he is fifteen yea r s old h e sets .

,

o u t to loo k fo r h i s sis ter s ta k in g th e r i

n gs w ith h i,m Nor a g a in .
, ,

does thi
s a r g u m en t m en ti
on th e fa ct th a t i
n th e en d m al
th e a n i
bro thers -
n la w
i -
a re tra n sfor m ed i
n to m en , a fea tu re w h ich i
s fou n d
in B as ile, b u t n ot in ou r s tor y I n the m a in , however it w ill b e seen .
,

h
t at t h e tw o a r e ve r y clo s e I n V o n H a h n , N o . 2 5, t h e h
b ro t r s i
e -
n .

la w a re a l ion , a ti g er , a n d a n ea g l e .

The o pen i n g o f ou r s tor y , so fa r a s I k n ow , i s n o t fo u n d in a n y o f th e

other m em b er s o f th i s cycle Us u a lly th e s i s ters a r e m a rr i

. ed to th e

m a ls in co n seq u en ce o f a ki n g s d eci si s d a ug h ter s to the

’
ani o n to g i ve h i
b a g tha t ga ve i ts own er w ha tever he wa n ted , j ewels , food , or clothes ;
a s to n e b ow l w h i ch ga ve i ts ow n er as m u ch wa ter a s h e wa n ted ; a n d a
ck tha t wo u ld bea t en em i s , a n d a ro pe th a t wou ld ti
"
s ti e e th em u p .

Com pa r e a lso the Da d hivaha n a j ata k a , No 1 86 , whi

“ "
- -
ch i
. s con

u seted w i th ou r No 2 7 . . I n th e Fi lipin o s tor y of Alb erto a n d th e

“

Mon s ters ( No 39) the hero a cquires a tra n spor ta t on boot from tw o
. i -

qu a rrellin g b oys ; fr om two you n g m en , a m a g ic k ey tha t w ill u n lock

a n y s to n e ; a n d fr om tw o o ld m en wra n g l i n g o ver i t, a h a t of i n visi bi lity .

I n a n other Ta g a log s tor y , Ri ca r do a n d h i s Ad ven tu res (n otes to

No . a ppea r s a flyi n g sa dd l e, b u t th i s is n o t o b ta in ed by tr i ck ery .

“
For th e F ee-fi fo fu m - -
”
for m u la h in ted a t in ou r s tor y , see B ol te
P ol i vk a , 1 : 2 89 2 92
— .

I n m a n y o f th e m em b ers of th i s cycle w hen th e hero ta k es hi

, s l ea ve

of h i s br o ther s i- n la w , h e i
-
s gi ven fea ther s h a i , r sca l es , etc , w i
, th w h i ch .

h e can s u m m on them i n ti m e o f n eed . I n ou r s tor y , how ever , J u a n

has n o s u ch la bor sa vi -
n g devi ce : h e h a s to vi sit hi s b r o ther s a s econ d

ti m e when h e d es i res a id a ga i n s t th e g i ant .

Th e l a s t pa r t o f ou r s tor y tu r n s on the i dea o f the sepa ra bl e sou l or

"
s tr en g th o f th e dr a g o n , sn a k e , dem o n , g i a n t or other m o n ster, .

Th i s idea h as b een fu lly di scu ssed by Ma ccu lloch (ch a p ter v) As .

th i s co n cep ti on i s wi des pr ea d i n th e O r i en t a n d i s fo u n d i n Ma l a ya n

li ter a tu re i n Bi da sa ri there i s n o n eed o f tr a ci ng i ts occu rre n ce

i n th e P h i lip p in es to Eu rope I n the n or m of this cycle the a n im a l
.
,

b r other s n a w hel p th e hero per for m ta sk s w hi

- i -l
ch th e k i n g req u i res

a ll s u i tors for h i s d a u g h ter s h a n d to p er for m

’
Her e th e bea sts hel p
.

th e hero s ecu r e th e l i fe a n d s tr en g th of th e g ia n t w ho is hold in g the

p r in cess ca p tiv e .

Ta k en a s a whole ou r s tor y seem s to ha ve b een i

, m por ted i n to th e

P hi lipp in es from the O cciden t for the r ea son tha t n o O r ien ta l a n a

,

log n es of i t a p pea r to ex i s t, wh i le n ot a few a r e k n ow n from sou ther n

E u r o pe O u r tw o va r ia n ts a r e from the Ta g a log pr ovin ce of B a ta n g as ,
.

a n d , so fa r a s I k n ow , th e s tor y i s n o t fo u n d el sew her e i n th e I s l a n ds .

As s u g g es ted a b ove how ever , th e i

, n tr od u cti on i s p ro b a b ly n a ti ve,

o r a t lea s t ver y o ld , a n d th e con cl u si o n h as been m od i fied by th e

i n fl u en ce o f a n other cy cle w ell k n ow n i n th e O r i en t .

'
1 9. JUAN WEA R I NG A M O NK E Y S Sa I N .
l

O n ce upo n a ti m e th er e w a s a coupl e w h i ch w a s a t firs t ch ild

les s The fa ther w a s ver y a nx i
. o us to h a ve a so n to i nherit h is
pr oper ty : so h e w en t to th e chu r ch d a ily a n d p r a yed Go d to ,

g i
v e h i
m a ch i
ld , b u t i
n v a i
n O n e d a y,. i
n h i
s g r ea t d i
sa ppo i
n t
“
m en t, th e m a n ex cl a i m ed w i th ou t th i n ki
ng O g rea t God ! ,
"
let m e h a ve a so n , even i fi t i s in th e for m o f a m onkey ! an d

Na rra ted b y Lore nzo Lic u p. a Pa m pa ngo fro m An g eles Pa m pa n g a . .

on l y a few d a ys l a ter h is w ife g a ve birth to a m onkey Th e .

fa th er w a s so m u ch m or ti fied th a t h e w a n ted to kill h is so n ;

b u t fin a lly h i s b etter r ea son p reva i led a n d h e s pa red th e ch ild , .

“
He sa i d to h im self I t is m y fa ul t I kn ow ; b u t I u ttered th a t
, ,
"
in voca ti on w i th ou t th i nking So i n stea d of pu tting th e
. ,

m onkey to d ea th th e coupl e ju st h i , d i t fr om vi si tors ; a n d w h en

“
ever a n y o n e a s ked fo r the ch i ld they m er ely a n sw ered O h , , ,

he di ed lo ng a g o .

The ti m e ca m e w h en th e m onkey g r ew to b e old enoug h to

m a rry . He w en t to h i s fa th er a n d sa i d G ive m e you r bl ess ing
, , ,
”
fa th er ! for I a m g oi ng a w a y to look for a w ife The fa th er .

w a s o nly too g l a d to b e freed from th i s o bn ox i ou s son so h e ,

im m ed i a tely g a ve h i m hi s bl ess i ng B efore l etting him g o .

,

h ow ever th e fa th er sa i
, d to th e m onkey You m u st never com e ,

b a ck a g a i n to ou r h ou se .

“
Ver y w ell I w i ,ll n o t sa id th e m onkey , .

The m onkey th en l eft h i

’
s fa th er s h o u se an d w en t to find hi s ,

for tun e . O n e ni g h t h e d r ea m e d th a t th e r e w a s a ca s tl e i n th e

mi ds t of th e sea a n d th a t in th is ca s tl e dw el t a pr in cess of u n
,

s pea ka bl e bea u ty The pr i ncess h a d been p u t there so th a t

.

n o on e m i g h t d isc o v e r h er e x is te n ce T h e m o nk e y w h o h a d .
,

b een ba p tized tw o d a ys a fter hi s bi rth a n d w a s n a m ed Ju a n ,

im m ed i a tely r ep a i r ed to th e p a l a ce o f th e ki ng Ther e h e .

p o s ted a l e tte r w h ic h rea d a s fo ll o w s : I Ju a n kn ow t h a t y o u r , ,

Ma j es ty h a s a d a u g h ter ”
.

N a tu r a lly the king w a s ver y a ng ry to h a ve h is secret d is

cover ed .He i m m ed i a tely sen t so ld i ers to l oo k for Ju a n .

Ju a n w a s soon found a n d br ou g h t to th e pa la ce The king

, .

“
sai d to h im How do you kn ow th a t I h a ve a d a u g h ter ? I f
,

y ou c a n b r i
n g h er h e r e I w ill g iv e h e r t,o y o u fo r a w ife I f n o t .
,
"
h ow ever you r h ea d s h a ll b e cu t ofl fr om you r body
, .

0 you r Ma j es ty ! sa i
“ ” “
d Jua n I a m s u re th a t I ca n find h er,

a n d br i ng her h ere I a m w ill ing to l ose m y hea d if w ith in

.

”
th r ee d a ys I fa i l to fulfil m y p ro m ise Af ter h e h a d sa i d th is .
,

Ju a n w ithd rew a n d sa dly w en t ou t to l ook for th e h idden

,

p r in cess .

As h e w a s w a lki ng a l ong th e roa d he h ea r d th e cr y of a bir d , .

He l ooked up a n d sa w a bi , r d ca u g h t betw een tw o bo u g h s so

“
th a t i t could n o t esca pe Th e bi rd sai d to him
. 0 m onkey ! ,

if you wi ll b u t rel ea se m e I w ill g ive you a ll I ha ve , .

“ ”
O h n o ! sa i
, d the m onkey I a m ver y hung r y a n d w oul d
.
,

m u ch ra th er ea t you .
 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n Folk L or e Soci
ety -
.

If you will b u t sp a r e m y life sa id th e bir d I will g ive, ,

"
y o u a ny th i
n g y o u w a n t .

“
O n on e condi tio n o nly w i ll I set you free sa id the m onkey , .

You m u s t procu re for m e th e r i ng of th e prin cess w ho l ives

"
in th e m i d s t of th e sea .

“
O h th a t s a n ea s y th i
,
’
ng to do sa id the bi rd So th e , .

m onkey cl i m bed th e tree a n d set th e bi r d free .

The bi rd i m m ed i a tely fl ew to th e i sl a nd i n th e sea w her e ,

fortun a tely it found th e pr in cess r efres h in g herself in her g a rd en .

Th e pr i n cess w a s so ch a r m ed with the so ng o f th e bir d th a t ,

s h e l oo ked up an d sa i
to l i ve w i th m e I w i
“
d 0 l ittl e bir d ! if you w ill only prom ise
, ,
”
ll g ive you a nyth i
, ng you w a n t .

” “
All r i g h t, s a i
d th e b ir d G ive m e yo u r r i
n g a.n d I w ill ,
”
forever l ive w ith you The pr i ncess held up the r ing ; a n d th e
.

bir d s uddenly s n a tched it a n d fl ew a w a y with it I t g a ve th e .

ri n g to th e m onkey w ho w a s o f co u rs e d el i
, g h ted to g e,t it , .

Now th e m onkey j og g ed a l ong th e r oa d un ti l fin a lly h e sa w

th r ee w i tch es He a pp r oa ched th em a n d sa i
. d to th em Yo u , ,

a r e th e ver y bei ng s for w h om I h a ve s pen t th e w hole da y look

ing . G od h a s sen t m e h er e fr om h ea ven to pun i s h you fo r

you r evil doing s tow a r d innocen t person s So I m u st ea t yo u .

”
up.

Now , wi
tch es a re sa i
l ooking per son s
d to be af r a id of ll
i -
,

es t bei
a l th o ug h th ey th em s el ves a r e th e u g l i ng s i n a ll th e w or ld .

So th ese th r ee w er e terr i bly fr ig h ten ed by th e m onkey s th r ea t ’

,
“
a n d sa i d O s ir ! s pa r e ou r l i
, ves a n d w e w i ll do a nyth ing for ,
”
yo u !
“
Ver y w ell , I wi
pa re you if you ca n ex ecu te m y or d er
ll s .

F ro m th i s s h or e yo u m u s t bu ild a br idg e w h i ch l ea d s to th e

mi ddl e o f th e sea w her e th e ca s tl e of the pr in cess is s itu a t

,
“ ”
Th a t s h a l l b e s peed i
ly done repl ied th e w itch es ; a n d they ,

a t o n ce g a th er ed l ea ves w h i ch th ey p u t o n th eir ba cks

, Th en .

th ey plung ed i n to the w a ter I m m ed ia tely a fter them a bridg e

.

w a s bu i l t Thu s the m onkey w a s n ow a bl e to g o to th e ca s tle

. .

H ere h e found the pr incess She w a s ver y m u ch s u r pr ised to .

see th i s ev il l ooking a n im a l befor e her ; b u t s he w a s m u ch m ore

-

fr ig h ten ed w hen th e m onkey s h ow ed h er the r in g w h ich the

“
bir d h a d g iven h i m an d cl a im ed h er for hi
, s wi fe It is th e .

”
wi ll of God th a t you s h ould g o w ith m e sa id the m o nkey , ,

a fter th e pr i ncess h a d s h ow n g r ea t repugn a n ce tow a r d s h im .

“ ”
You ei ther h a ve to g o wi th m e or per i sh Th i nking it wa s .
1 82 Mem oirs of the Amer i
ca n Folk L ore Soci
ety -
.

Bu t ll th e pr in cess would n ot bel i

sti eve h i m At l a s t she .

sai d to h i m If you a re m y rea l hu sba nd you m u st g ive m e a

, ,

p roof of th e fa ct So Ju a n [w e s h a ll her ea fter cal l h i

. m by th i s

n a m e] took h er to th e pl a ce w her e h e h a d ca s t off h i s m onkey

s ki n The princess w a s n ow convin ced a n d said to h ersel f

.
, ,
“
After a ll I w as n ot wr on g i
, n the bel i ef I h a ve en ter ta i ned from
th e beg i nn ing th a t i, t w a s th e w i ll of God th a t I shoul d
m a r r y th is m onkey th i s m an , .

Ju a n a n d th e prin cess n ow a g r eed to g o ba ck to th e pa l a ce

a n d tell th e s tor y So th ey w en t . As soon a s th e ki ng a n d .

qu een sa w th e coupl e they w ere ver y m u ch su r pr ised ; b u t to

,

r em ove th ei r d oub t Ju a n i m m ed i a tely r el a ted to th e ki

, n g a ll
th a t h a d h a ppen ed Thus th e ki ng an d qu een w ere fina lly
.

r econ ci l ed to the a t fir st h a ted coupl e Ju a n a n d h is w ife .

s u cceed ed to th e th r on e on th e dea th o f th e ki ng a n d l ived ,

pea cefully a n d h a pp ily du r ing their r eign .

Th e s tor y is n ow end ed Thu s w e see th a t Go d com pen sa ted

.

th e fa th er a n d m oth er of Ju a n for th ei r r el i
g i
o u s z ea l by g i
v i
n g
th em a son b u t pun i , s h ed th em fo r n ot bei ng con ten t w ith w h a t
He g a ve them by ta ki ng the son a w a y from th em a g a in for ,

Ju a n n ever recog n ized hi s p a ren ts .

N O TES .

A B icol ver s ion , Th e Mon k ey b ecom es Ki

ng b y G regor i o , n a rra ted

F ro n dos o , w ho hea r d th e s tor y fro m a n o ld m a n o f h i s p r o vi

n ce , is

a l m os t i den ti ca l w i th th i s P a m p a n g o ta l e Ther e a r e a few s l i h

g t .

di ffer en ces , how ever I n th e B i col , the r i

. ch p a ren ts g i ve thei r

m on k ey - n g a wa y to a m a n , w h o k eeps th e a n i
o ffs pr i m al i n a ca g e .

Fi n a lly th e m on k ey m a n a g es to es ca pe , a n d sets o u t o n h i s tr a vels .

Now th e k i n g o f th a t co u n tr y b u i
lds a h ig h tower in th e m idd le o f th e
s ea, im p r i
s o n s hi
s d a u g h ter ther e , a n d p ro m i
s es h er ha n d to th e o n e

wh o ca n ta k e h er fr om th e tower The m on k ey su cceeds , a s in th e .

P a m pa n g o Th e res t of th e stor y i
. s p ra ctica lly a s g i
ven i n th e tex t,

ex cep t h
t a t th e n a r ra tor f h
on s th e a ct t a t th e m on k e
m en ti ys
’

p a ren ts

fa ll in to pover ty a n d in their dis tr ess seek a id from their son n ow

, ,

becom e kin g How ever h e r efu ses to recog n ize them b eca u se of
.
, ,

ves them a w a y W ith b oth

”
thei r for m er ha rs h n ess to hi m a n d dr i , .

th ese s tor ies m a y b e com pa r ed tw o other F i l ip in o ta les a lrea dy in

ell
” “
p r i
n t ,
T h e E n c h a n ted Sh (JAF L 20 9 0 9 1 ) a n d Th e Liv -

”
i
ng Hea d (ibi
d .
, 19

The An im a l C hild cycle o f which ou r stor y a n d its va r ia n ts a re

“ ”
,

m em bers is wi dely s prea d thro u g hou t Eu ro pe

,
Th e m a i n i n ciden ts .

of th i
s grou p a re th e followin g .
 li
Fi pino P opu l a r Ta les . 1 83

A In a cco rd a n ce wi s h
the p a ren ts , a c id i
th the wi of n the for m of a n hl
a ni m al is b ro u g t i n to the w or d h T i s p en o m en o n u s u a l ta k es
. h h lly
p l
a ce in co n seq u en ce o f a too ve e m e n t p r a er for c id re n , o h
r a n y hl
in con si dera te wi s for a so n even i h
f h e s ou p r o v e to b e on l an h ld y
a nima l .

B Th e a n im a o ff s p ri l
n g g r ow s u p , i
s m a r ried u s u a t ro u g s ow n i
hi a lly h h
g en u ity , a n d i
s n a d ise n c a n tfi lly
ed t r o u g th e b u r n i
n ghof h i
s a n i
m al h h
di sg u i
se ei t er w i t or wi h t ou t h i h
s co n sen t h .

Eu ro pes n s en ta ti
rep re ves of th i
s typ e a r e G r i
mm , Nos . 1 08 , 1 44

Von Ha hn Nos
, 43 57
. 14, N
3 ,
1 o 9,; P r ohle , N, o 1 00 ;
1 3; Wu k , . .

le No 1 5 ; Schott, No 9 ; P itr e, No 56 (see a lso

Stra pa ro l a 2 : i; B as i , . . .

his n o tes ) ; Com p a retti , Nos 9 , 66 Com pa re a lso Koh ler Bo l te,
.
- .

31 8 3 9
-
1 R.el a ted O r i
e n ta l for m s o f thi
s s to r y a re d i
s cu ss ed b y
B en fey, 1 : 2 54 3 (secti on .

Alth ou g h ou r s tor ies a re l

r e a ted to th i
s la rg e fa m ily of A n im a l
Ch i l ta les , it a p pea rs to b e th e O rien ta l br a n ch ra ther tha n th e
O cci d en ta l wi th w hi ch they a re th e m ore cl osely co n nected Th e .

m on k ey chi ld , the m s tle in th e m idst of th e sea , th e b u ildin g of th e

-

b ridg e fr o m th e m a i n l a n d to th e i s l a n d , th e reti rem en t o f th e m o n k ey

a nd h i s ro ya l w i fe to live in the fores t, a ll s u gg es t va g u ely b u t

un m is ta k a b ly I n d ia n m a ter ia l I a m u n a b le to poin t to a n y pa r
.

ticu la r s tor y as sou r ce , a n d ou r ta le a p p ea r s to ha ve i n co rp ora ted

in i t other Ma rchen m oti fs ; b u t i

t s ee m s to b e fa in t ly r e m ini s cen t o f

th e R am aya n a Th e i . m pr i son i n g or h i di n g of a p r i n cess , a n d th e

p r o m ise o f h er h a n d t o t h e on e w h o ca n d isco v e r h er , a re fo u n d in ou r

No 2 1
. No 2 9, too , shou ld b e com pa r ed
. .

Am on g the Sa n ta ls , the them e of a gir l s m a r r yin g a m on k ey is '

com m on i n Marchen ( see B om p a s , No x v,

“
The Mon k ey Boy .

The Mon k ey a n d the G i rl ;

“
Th e Mon k ey
"
No x x x n
.
, a n d No .

I n n on e of thes e s to ri es , however , i s th ere a tr a n s form a

tion o f th e a n i m al i n to a h u m a n bei ng .

20 .
( )
a 11 0W S ALAKSAK B EC A ME In ca .
1

O n ce upon a l ived two br others The elder w as

ti
m e th er e .

na m ed C u cu n u a n d th e young er Sa la ksa k Their pa ren ts w er e

, .

dea d so th ey d ivided th e proper ty th a t h a d been l eft to th em

, .

In a ccor d a nce w ith th is d ivision ea ch received a cow an d a ,

piece of l a nd Sa l a ksa k sepa r a ted fro m h is b roth er a n d bu ilt

.
,

a s m a l l h o u se of h is ow n .

Now th e r i , ce o f C u cu n u g r ew fa s ter th a n th a t of h i s broth er

so h i s b r o th er beca m e j ea l o u s o f h i m O n e ni g h t S a l a k s a k .

tu r n ed h i s cow l oos e i n hi
’
s br oth er s field Wh en C u cu n u hea r d .

“
of th i s h e w en t to h i
, s b roth er a n d sa i d to h im I f you let , ,

Narra ted b y Loren zo Licu p a Pa m pa ng o from Ang eles Pa m pa n g a

, . .
 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k L or e Soci
ety -
.

yo u r cow com e in to m y field a g a in I s h a ll w h ip you But , .

Sa l a ks a k p a i d n o a tten tion to h is broth er s th r ea t a n d a g a in he '

,

let h i s cow g o i n to the field of C u cu n u At l a s t h is b roth er g r ew .

so i m pa ti en t th a t h e ki lled th e cow When Sa l a ks a k w en t to .

l ook for h is a n im a l a ll h e found w a s its skin As he w as

, .

as h a m ed of h i s d eed a n d a fr a i d of h is broth er h e d a red n ot a c ,

cu se h i m : so h e too k th e ski n an d p u t i tin to a ba sket .

Not l ong a fter w a r d severa l hundr ed cow s pa ssed hi m a l on g

th e r oa d He follow ed th em
. Wh il e th e h er d sm en w ere .

ea ti ng th eir d inn er Sa l a ksa k th r ew h is s kin a m ong th e cow s

, .

Then h e w en t up to th e h u t w her e th e her d sm en w er e a n d sa id ,

to th e ch i ef o f th e h er d s m en F riend i t is n ow a w eek s i
, n ce I ,

l ost m y cow a n d I a m a fr a i, d th a t sh e h a s becom e m i x ed u p

wi th yo u r h er d P l ea s e b e s o ki
. nd therefore a s to coun t them , , .

Th e ch i ef i m m ed i a tely w en t over to w h ere th e cow s w ere As .

h e w a s coun tin g th em Sa la ks a k p i cked up th e s ki

, n a n d sha k , ,

“
i n g hi s h ea d h e sa i , d Al a s ! here is th e m a r k of m y cow a n d
, ,

th i s m u s t b e m y cow s ski n You m u s t p a y m e a th ou sa nd

’
.

pesos or el se you s h a ll b e im prison ed My cow w a s ea sily w or th

, .

a th ou sa nd pesos ; for w hen s h e w as a li ve s he u sed to d r op m on ey ,

ever y d a y In their g r ea t fea r th e her d sm en pa id Sa l a ksa k

.
,

th e m on ey a t on ce .

Sa l a ksa k n ow w en t h om e a n d told h i s b r o th er o f h i s g ood

for tu ne H oping to becom e a s rich a s h is br oth er C u cu n u

.
,

i m m ed i a tely ki lled h is cow He took th e s kin w ith h im a n d .

,

l eft th e flesh to Sa la ksa k As h e w a s in the s tr eet ca ll ing ou t .

,
“
Wh o w a n ts to buy a h id e ? he w a s su m m oned by th e r ul er o f
th e tow n a n d w a s a ccu sed o f h a vi
, n g s tol en th e h ide a n d h e ,

was whi pped so ba dly th a t h e could h a r dly w a lk h om e .

Ma dd en ed by th e d isg r a ce h e h a d s u fl er ed C u cu n u bu r ned ,

th e h ou se o f h i s b ro th er o n e da y w h i le h e w a s a w a y Wh en .

Sa l a ks a k ca m e h o m e h e found noth i , n g b u t a s hes Th ese h e .

p u t in to a s a ck h ow ev e,r a n d s et ou t to see k h
, is fo r tun e a g a in .

O n hi s w a y h e overtoo k a n old m a n w ho w a s ca r r yi ng a b a g o f
“
m on ey on h i s ba ck Sa l a ks a k a s ked h i
. m Ar e you g oi ng to ,
' "
th e r ul er s h ou se ?
“ "
Yes , r epl ied the old m a n I h a ve to g i ve th i s m on ey to
,

I a m so r r y for yo u , old m an . I too a m g oing to th e p a l a ce

, , .

Wh a t do you sa y to ex c a n g i g h n loa d s ? Min e is ver y l i

g h t i
n

com p a r i
so n wi
th you rs .
sa w ou r fa th er an d m ot er . h They told m e I w a s n ot old enoug h
to s ta y wi
th th em , so th ey sen t m e ba ck h ere with a l a rg e
”
n u m ber o f cow s .

“ ”
Well w ell ! sa id C u cu n u
, I too m u st g o see ou r pa r en ts , .

He th en h as tened to the r i ver a n d th rew h im self in a n d w as ,

d row ned Thu s Sa l a ks a k g r ew r i

. s cra fti
ch beca u se of h i ness .

( )
b CLEVE R JUAN AND E N VI O US m E co .
l

Th er e wer e on ce two broth er s n a m ed D i

eg o Ju a n Their an d .

fa th er h a d d ied a long tim e before so th ey l ived only w ith their ,

g oo d m o th e r In ch a r a cter
. th e s e tw o b r o th er s w er e ver y d if
ferea t D ieg o the older w a s enviou s a n d fool is h ; Ju a n w a s
.
, ,

cl ever .

O n e m or n i ng w h il e D ieg o w a s a w a y Jua n ca ll ed h is m other

, , ,

a n d sa i d “
Moth er h elp m e fool D ieg o ! P l ea se lie d own
, ,

as i f you w er e d ea d ; a n d w h en h e a r r i ves I w i ll bl ow a ir th r oug h ,

you r nose th r oug h a ba m boo tube As soo n as you feel m e .

blow ing g et up a n d tr y to l ook l ike a w om a n th a t has r i

, sen fro m
"
th e d ea d His m o th er a g r eed to d o a ll th a t sh e h a d been tol d
. .

Then Ju a n w a tched a n d w a i ted for D i eg o Wh en h e sa w h im .

com i ng h e ca lled to h is m o th er a n d told h er to lie dow n Then

, .

h e preten d ed to b e cr yi ng .

Wh en D ieg o ca m e in a n d sa w h is br oth er h e sa id J , ,
”
w h y a r e you cr yi ng ?
“
Don t you see ? O u r m oth er is d ea d sa id Ju a n Then
’
, .

D ieg o fel t ver y sor ry a n d h e too beg a n to w eep Ju a n then , .

“
sa i d O broth er ! I r em em ber th a t I h a ve a m a g ic ins tr u m en t
,

th a t r es u sci ta tes d ea d perso n s He opened h i s tr unk a n d too k

.

o u t a s h or t b a m boo tube a n d beg a n to bl ow th ro ug h i ,tin to h is

m o th er s n ose Hi s m o th er th en p r etend ed to r evi ve a s s h e

’
.
,

h a d been told D ieg o r ej oiced ; h e too w a s ver y m u ch s u r

.

p rised a t h is b roth er s possession

’
.

The nex t d a y th e en vi ou s D i eg o s to l e th e ba m boo tube a n d

w en t to th e chu r chya r d Th er e he w a ited for a funer a l to p ass

.

by After a s h or t tim e th e funer a l procession of a s m a ll b oy

.

ca m e a l ong D ieg o stopped it a n d ca lled to th e m oth er of the

. ,

“
b oy ,
Don t cr y ! you r son is only sl eeping La y h im d own
’
.

”
h er e a n d you w ill soon see th a t h e is a l ive
,
Th e m o th er th en .

or d ered th e ca rr i ers to la y th e cofli n on th e g round D ieg o .

1Na a ted b y P a blo An zu es a Taga log from M a ila wh o h ea d the stor y from
rr r . n . r

a o th er Tag a log from Sa n ta M a i

n a B u la ka n r . .
 Fi
lipino P opu la r Tal es . 1 87

took ou t ba m boo tube a n d a fter h e h a d opened the coffin

hi
s , , ,

h e beg a n to blow a i r i n to the boy s n ose ; b u t the b oy did n ot ’

m ove . He bl ew h a rd er a n d h a r der b u t the b oy r em a in ed as ,

s tiff an d l i fel ess a s ever Th en th e m oth er of th e dea d b oy he

.

“
ca m e a n g r y ; sh e ki cked D i eg o a n d sa i d You a re only tr yin g
, ,
”
to foo l u s ! Dieg o w as ver y m uch a s h a m ed so he th rew a w a y ,

th e ba m boo tube an d r a n h om e .

Som e d a ys l a ter th e m oth er of D i eg o a n d Ju a n beca m e i ll

a n d di ed Sh e l eft h er son s tw o ca r a ba os for a n i
. nher ita nce .

As D i eg o w as th e o ld er h e took the fa t ca r a ba o for h i

, m self ,

a n d g a ve th e th i n on e to Jua n Ju a n w a s a ng r y : so h e kill ed
.

hi s ca r a b a o a n d d eci , ded to sell the h ide He tr ied to sell it in .

th e n ei g hb o r i
n g v ill a g es b u t h e
, c o uld n o t find a buy er H e .

th en w a lked on a n d on un ti l h e ca m e to a for es t Not ver y . .

fa r off a n d co m i
, ng tow a r ds h im h e sa w a ba nd of Tu lisa n es ,
l
.

Th ey w er e on horseba ck a n d h a d a l a r g e a m oun t of tr ea s u re
,

wi th th em Ju a n w a s a fr a id : so h e cl im bed a tr ee a n d h id
.
,

h im self w ith h is h ide a m ong the bra n ch es a n d lea ves He h a d .

n o m or e th a n con cea l ed h i m self w hen th e Tul i sa n es ca m e up

a n d s to pped to ea t und er th a t ver y tr ee Ju a n w a tched th em .

cl os ely .He un i n ten tiona lly m oved th e h id e w h ich w a s on th e

br a nch bes id e h im a n d it fell cr as h ing d ow n on th e Tul isa n es
, .

F ri g h t e n ed by th i s m os t un e x p ec te d n o ise t h ey r a n a w a y a s ,

fas t as th ey could n ot stopp ing to ta ke a nything w ith th em

, .

Ju a n d escended qu ickly m oun ted a h orse an d m a d e off with

, ,

a s m u ch a s h e co uld ca r r y .

Wh en h e rea ch ed hom e h is br oth er sa id to him , Wh ere did ,

”
y o u g e t a l l t h o se r ic h e s ? Ju a n r epl ie d t h a t h e h a d b ee n g iven

th em by th e n ei g hb o r n
i g v ll
i a g es in re tu r n fo r hi s ca r a ba o h id e - .

Ag a i n D ieg o envied h is broth er He w en t ou t a n d kill ed his .

fa t ca r a bao a n d d r i ed i ts h ide N ex t h e w en t to th e neig hboring

.

vi ll a g es a n d tr ied to sell it ; b u t m a ny d a ys pa ssed a n d s till n o ,

o n e w o uld buy .

Now D i eg o w a s ver y a n g r y He took a w ood en b ox a n d

.

p u t h is b r o t h er i n s id e H e. b o und th e b o x a n d c a r ri e d it to t h e

sea s h or e He w a s a bo u t to th row i
. t i n to th e w a ter w h en h e
r em em ber ed th a t i t w as n o t l ocked : so h e l eft i t a n d w en t ba ck ,

to th e h ou se to g et th e k ey Mea nw h il e a C hin ese peddler

.

sel l ing g old r in g s ca m e a l ong Ju a n h ea r d h im a n d s hou ted

.
, ,
“
Chi no Ch in o com e a n d see these bea u tiful an d pr eciou s
, ,

Tul i g h wa y
s a nes . h i ro bb ers or ba n d its .
 Mem oirs of ca n Fol k L or e Soci
the A m eri ety -
.

th i
n gs i
n si
de ! Th e C h i
ppr oa ch ed a n d o pened th e
na m a n a ,
“
b ox . Ju a n ca m e ou t a n d sa id I w ill p u t you in side a n d you
, , ,
"
wi ll see m a ny bea u tiful th ing s in th e bottom Th e C h ina m a n .

w as wi ll ing so Ju a n p u t him in a n d cl osed th e b ox

, He th en .

too k th e C h i no s g old r ing s a n d r a n a w a y Not m a ny m inu tes

'
.

la ter D i eg o ca m e up a n d a fter l ocki ng th e b ox h e th r ew it

, , ,

in to th e ocea n .

Th a t sa m e d a y w h i l e D ieg o w as ea ting h is d inner Ju a n ca m e

, ,

a l on g w i th so m e fin e g old r i ng s D i eg o w as a s ton i
s hed to see .

hi d How d id you m a n ag e to g et ou t of the

s b r o th er a n d s a i , ,

b ox a n d w her e d i
, d you g et th ose r i ng s ? Jua n a n sw ered tha t
h e sa nk to th e bottom of th e ocea n w h er e h e sa w h i s m o th er , ,

a n d th a t s h e h a d g iven h i m a ll th ose r i ng s Th e fool ish D ieg o .

believed ever yth ing th a t Ju a n told h im so h e as ked h is broth er ,

to p u t h i m i nto a b ox a n d th row h im in to th e ocea n Ju a n .

los t n o tim e in obeying He g ot a b ox p u t D ieg o in side took .

, ,

it to th e seas hor e a n d th er e ca s t i t in to th e d eep w a ter After

, .

th a t Ju a n l i ved h a ppi ly for m a ny yea rs .

( ) c R U I N ED BE AC U SE or 1NV11) 10U SN E s s .
l

In tim e ou t of m em or y th er e l ived two br oth ers P ed r o an d ,

Ju a n P ed r o w as r ich for h e h a d a l a r g e her d of ca ttl e : con

.
,

sequ en tly h e d i d n ot h a ve m u ch u se for h i s young er b r oth er w h o ,

w a s ver y poor Ju a n h a d n oth ing th a t h e could ca ll h is ow n

.

b u t a cow O n e da y d i
. s a ppo in ted over h is l ife of pover ty h e
, ,

killed h is cow a n d so m e d a ys a fter w a rd h e set ou t to find h is

,

fortu n e He took noth i

. n g wi th h i m b u t th e h i de of h is cow .

Wh en h e r ea ched the n ex t tow n h e s a w l a r g e p il es of ca ttl e ,

hi d es in fr on t of a bu tcher s s ho p L a te th a t n i g h t h e s
’
to l e o u t .

secr etly a n d p u t th e s ki n of h is cow in on e of th e p iles Th e .

nex t m or n i n g h e w en t to th e s h o p to ta lk w ith th e bu tch er .

“
Mr B u tcher h e sa id
.
" “
I h a ve com e h er e to look for m y
, ,

los t cow H a ve you n ot kill ed a cow w ith a m a r k J on th e r i

.
g h t
”
hi
p ?
No , n sw ered th e hon est m a n
a a ll th e cow s w h i
ch w er e ,
"
k ill ed h er e ca m e fr om m y h erd ou t th er e in th e m oun ta ins .

Ju a n s tood m u sing for a few m om en ts a n d th en sa id Let , ,

u s l ook th r o ug h th es e p i
les of h id e to see w heth er you kill ed m y
”
cow or n o t !

Na r a ted
r by Facu n do Esq u i
vel. a Ta ga log from Jaen Nueva . j
Ecia . w h o wa s told
the stor y w hen he wa s a b oy.
 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k Lore Soci
ety -
.

P ed ro , w h o w as en vi
ou s o f h i
’
s b roth er s g ood for tu n e, ki lled
a ll h i
s ca ttle, old a n d you n g , a n d th rew th e m ea t i
n to th e r iver .

The he sta r ted with sever a l carreton s full of h i des ; b u t h e w a s

d isa ppo in ted w h en h e ca m e to th e tow n , for nobody w ould
b u y hides Di scou r a g ed a n d ti
. red ou t, h e r etu r ned He found .

J u a n l iving com for ta bly in a fin e n ew h om e Thu s P ed ro .

lost a ll hi s p ro per ty beca u se of h i n vid iousness

s i .

”
(d) TH E TW O FR I ENDS .

O nce l ived in a cer ta in vill a g e two fr iend s Jua n a n d

th ere ,

And res Jua n a ver y r i

. ch m an w a s ta ll b i
, g an d s tro n g ;,w h il e , ,

And res a ver y poor m a n w a s sm a ll w ea k a n d s h or t And res

, , , , .

w or ked ver y h a r d to ea r n h i vi
s li ng w h il e Ju a n s pen t m os t of ,

hi s tim e on pl eas u re .

O n e m or n i ng And res w ent to h is fri end Ju a n a n d a s ked to ,

borr ow on e of h is m ules Ju a n con sen ted b u t told And res th a t

.
, ,

if a n y on e should a sk w h o th e ow ner of th e m ul e w as h e s h ould ,

tell th e tr u th And res p rom i

. sed a n d w en t o ff w i th th e m ul e , .

He set to w or k i m m ed i a tely to pl ou g h h i s s m a ll fa r m Ver y .

soon two n ei g hb o rs o f A nd r es pa sse d by a n d s

eei n g h im w it h , ,

a m u l e a s ked h i
, m w h er e h e g ot i t And res sa i d th a t h e h a d .

boug h t it The m en w ond er ed h ow a poor m a n l ike And r es

.

could buy a m ul e a n d th ey s prea d th e n ew s a bo u t th e vi

, ll a g e .

Wh en th is new s rea ch ed Ju a n h e w as ver y a ng r y a n d h e or dered

, ,

hi s ser va n t to g o br i ng ba ck th e m ule The a n im a l w a s br oug h t .

b a ck a n d Ju a n w a s d eter m i
, ned n ot to l end it to h is fr iend a n y
m or e .

A w eek l a ter two of Ju a n s m ul es , i nclud ing th a t w h ich And res

'

h a d bo rr ow ed , d i ed Ju a n th r ew th e ca r ca sses a w a y b u t
. ,

And r es took th e s ki n s of those d ea d m ul es a n d d r ied them to

sell in th e n ex t tow n .

Th e nex t d a y And res set ou t for the tow n , r es ti n g n ow a n d

th en o n a ccoun t of h i s h ea vy l oa d He w a s overta ken by n i h
g t .

n ear a so l ita r y house betw een h is vill a g e a n d th e tow n w h er e h e

w as g oi ng to sell th e h id es He kn ocked a t th e h ou se a n d as ked
. ,

a w o m a n h e found th er e for a n i i h i
’

g h t s l od n
g g S h e to ld m .

th a t s h e co uld n ot do a nyth i ng for h im un til h er hu sba nd a r r ived .

So And res h a d to w a it on th e r oa d n ear th e hou se No t l ong .

a fter wa r d s a m a n ca m e tow a rd s th e ho u se And r es w en t up to .

Ca n ton . a hea v y two wheeled spring less ca rt

- .

Narra ted by Tom a s V Va rga s .

( of
 li
Fi pin o P opu la r Ta les . 1 91

hi
m , an d as ked h im if h e hou se ; b u t the
w as th e m as ter of th e
m a n sa i d h e w a s n ot so Andres h a d to g o ba ck to th e roa d
, .

From w h er e h e w as s i tting And res could see th a t the wom an

,

in si d e w as prepa r ing a g ood s upper for th e str a ng er w ho m ea n ,

w hi l e h a d en ter ed Wh ile she an d th e stra ng er wer e sitting

.

a t th e ta bl e And r es sa w a no th er m an a pp roa chi

, ng i n th e d i s

ta n ce . Th e wom a n h as ti ly o pened a b ig em pty tr unk an d h i d

th e m a n i n side th en sh e p u t a ll th e cooked fish in the cupboar d
, .

Wh en the oth er m a n w h o w as th e hu sba nd a r r ived And res

, , ,

a sk ed fo r a n i i i i h
’

g h t s l od n
g g a n d w as re ce v ed , k ndly Wh il e t e .

h u s ba nd a n d And r es w er e ta lki ng th e w ife told th em th a t ,

su pper w a s r ea d y a n d th ey wen t to th e ta bl e to ea t : b u t th er e
,

th ey fo und n oth i ng for them b u t r ice ; so And r es told th e hus ba nd

th a t h e h a d a n ench a n ted h i de a n d th a t they could h a ve fish if
,

he w i s h ed . Th e hu sba nd w is h ed to see the s kin tes ted And res .

or der ed th e s ki n to bring a m a n in to the tr unk ; a n d w hen th e

tr u n k w a s o pen ed th er e w a s th e m a n
, N ex t he ordered th e .

sk i n to b ring cooked fis h to th e cupboa rd ; a n d w h en th e cu p

b oa r d w a s o pen ed th er e w a s the cooked fis h
, Th e hu s ba nd .

th en o fl er ed And r es a ver y h i g h p ri ce for th e en ch a n te d s k in ,

an d And r es w i n g ly so ld i
ll i t .

Ea r ly th e n ex t m or n ing And res l eft the hou se before the

o th ers w er e up I t w a s n ot long h ow ever befor e th e hu s ba nd
.
, ,

found ou t th a t the s ki n w a s n ot m a g ic a n d h e w a s d eterm ined ,

to pun i s h th e s ki n sell er if h e s h ould ca tch h im a g a in Mea n

-
.

w hi l e And res h a d r etu r n ed to the vill a g e Th ere h e m et Jua n .

,

w h o n oti
, ci ng th e m oney in h is pocket as ked h im w h ere h e ,

h a d g o tten i t And r es told h i

. m th a t i t w as th e price o f th e
s ki n s of h i s d ea d m ul es w h i ch h e h a d sold i
, n th e nei g hb o ri n g
tow n . O n h ea ring th i s Ju a n wen t d irectly hom e kill ed a ll
, ,

hi s m ul es a n d fl a yed th em
, As h e w a s passi ng by th e so l ita r y
.

h ou se on h i s w a y to th e tow n he cri ed o u t th a t h e h a d s ki
, ns for
sa l e. The hu s ba nd i n th e h ou se th ou g h t th a t i t m u s t b e th e
sa m e m a n w h o h a d so ld hi m th e en ch a n ted s ki n so he w en t d ow n ,

an d whi pped Ju a n near ly to dea th .

After th i s ex peri en ce Ju a n retu r ned ho m e d eter m i

, n ed to ,

ki ll h is fr i end B u t And r es w a s ver y cunn i

. ng an d a voided h im , .

Fi n a lly Ju a n a n g r y beyond a ll m ea su re killed th e m oth er of

, ,

An d res . Wh en And r es found th a t h is m oth er w as dea d h e ,

d ressed h er ver y w ell a n d took h er to tow n Then h e w en t .

di r ectly to th e tow n doctor to w h om h e ex pl a i n ed d efin itely the

,
si
c kness of h i s m oth er The d octor im m ed ia tely pr epar ed
.

m ed i ci ne for the pa tien t ; b u t j us t a fter sh e h a d been g iven the

m ed i ci n e h e noticed th a t the w om a n w a s d ea d And r es then
, .

a ccu sed h i m o f h a vi ng poisoned h is m oth er ; a n d th e d octor ,

fea r i ng th e con sequences if And r es s hould seek ju s tice a g r eed ,

to p a y h i m a l a rg e s u m o f m o ney .

And r es r etu r n ed to h i s vi ll a g e r ich er th a n ever Ju a n b e .

ca m e fr i endly a g a i n a n d a sked h im w here h e h a d g otten h is

,

And r es told h i m th a t i t w a s th e pr i ce o f h i
’
m o n ey . s m o th er s

cor pse w hi , ch h e h a d sold i n the tow n Wh en Ju a n h ear d th is

.
,

h e w en t h om e a n d ki ll ed h is m oth er Then h e took the cor pse

.

to tow n to sell i t ; b u t as h e w a s p ass i

, ng a l ong th e s treet a cr ow d ,

o f m en beg a n to a bu se hi m a n d h e n a r row ly esca ped w i

, th h is

l ife.

Now Ju a n w a s d eter m i
, ned n ot to let And r es esca pe h im He .

w a s a fter h i m a ll th e ti me Fi n a lly on e d a y h e ca ug h t And res

. .

He p u t h i m i n si de a sa ck a n d ca rr ied it dow n to th e sea s hore .

O n th e w a y to the sea h e sa w a h ou se a n d wi
, sh i
ng to h a ve a
, ,

sm oke h e l eft And r es on th e r oa d a n d w en t to th e h ou se to

, ,

g e t a l i
g h t M e
. a n w h il e A nd r es w h o w as
, bo und in th e s a ck w a s ,

cr yi ng ou t th a t h e d id n o t w ish to m a rr y the d a ug h ter o f the

king a n d th a t he w a s being forced a g a inst h is w ill At th is
, .

insta n t a cow boy w ith h is h er d of cow s pa ssed by He hea r d .

Andr es a n d sa i d th a t h e w a s w ill ing to m a rr y th e king s d a u g h ’

ter . And r es to ld h i m to unb i nd th e sa ck th en He d id so a n d , .

,

And r es p u t th e cow h er d i n hi s s tea d Then And res hu r r i

. ed

awa y w i th th e cow s Ju a n ca m e ba ck p icked up th e sa ck

.
, ,

a n d th rew i t i n to th e sea Wh en h e retu r ned h om e h e foun d

.
,

And res th ere w i th a fin e h er d o f cow s He a s ked And res w h ere

.

h e h a d found th em a n d And r es sa i
, d th a t h e h a d g otten th em
fr om und er th e sea . So Ju a n en vi o u s a s ever o r d er ed And res
, ,

to p u t h i m i n a sa ck a n d th r ow h i m i n to th e sea And res .

g l a dly did so .

( ) J
e UAN T H E O R P E A N l
.

Th ere on ce l i ved a b oy w h ose n a m e w as Ju a n Hi s p a r en ts .

h a d di ed l ea vi
, ng Ju a n noth ing b u t a h orse As h e d id n o t h a ve .

a pl a ce a t h o m e i n w hi ch to kee p th e a n i m a l h e beg g ed h i s ,

Uncle Dieg o to let th e horse sta y in h is sta ble From tim e to .

ti m e Ju a n w en t to th e s ta bl e to feed h i s h orse He l oved th e .

a ni m a l a n d too k as g r ea t ca r e o f i
, t a s a fa th er w ould o f a so n .

Narra ted b y Leop ldo U icha co a Ta g a log f om Ca la m ba La La g u a

o n . r . n .
1 94 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Fol k L or e Soci
ety
-
.

Th e peopl e who h ea r d h im
nly l a ug h ed a n d th oug h t th a t o ,

som eth i ng w a s th e m a tter with h is hea d Nobody w o uld buy .

hi s m ea t No body ca r ed to dea l with h im in ea r nest a n d a ll

.
,

hi s m ea t d eca yed .

He w en t hom e i n d es pa i r a n d pl a nn ed to ta ke ven g ea n ce on
,

hi s n ephew for th e m i sch i ef h e h a d d on e h i m He cas t the .

little or ph a n i nto a b ig sa ck a n d sewed th e m ou th of the l ittl e ,

pr i son a ll up Th en h e s a id th a t a t ni
.
g h t h e w o uld ta k e t h e

sa ck a n d th r ow i t in to th e r iver How ever Ju a n m a n a g ed to .

,

g e t o u t o f th e b a g a n d in h is pl a c e h
, e p u t a m u zz l ed d og Wh e n .

ni g h t c a m e th e un c l,e s h o uld e r ed t h e b a g too k i t to th e r ive r , ,

a n d hu r led i ti n to the deep w a ter He ho ped th a t Ju a n w ould .

per is h there an d th a t h e h im self could g a in full possess ion of h is

,
’
n eph ew s m oney .

B u t w hen m or ni ng ca m e Uncl e Dieg o sa w Ju a n s m il ing ly ,

“ " “
en ter th e d oor of h i s ho u se Jua n sa id th e uncl e . I am , ,

s u r pr ised to see you a g a i n Tell m e a ll a bo u t how you m a n ag ed

.

”
to esca pe from th e sa ck .

O h n o Un cl e ! r etu r n ed Ju a n
“ "
, , I h a ven t tim e ; th ere is ,
'

n o t a m om en t to l ose I h a ve only com e h er e to b id you g ood

.

by
An d w h ere a r e you g oi ng ?
B a ck to the bo ttom o f th e r i ver My love th e Si r en a
‘ .
, ,

is w ai ting fo r m e .

“ " ”
0 Ju a n ! pl ea d ed th e uncl e if I co uld o nly g o w i th you ! ,
” “
No n o n o ! p rotested th e b oy
, , O nly on e ca n g o a t a .

ti me .The Si ren a w ould b e a n g r y a n d s h e w o uld con sequ en tly ,

refu se to a d m i t to h er g l orio u s h a bi ta tio n a n y bei ng from th is

”
o u ts ide wor ld .

“ "
Th en let m e g o fi rs t !
”
No n o n o ! sa i
, d th e b oy
, .

B u t th e uncle pl ea d ed so ea r nes tly th a t fin a lly th e b oy ,

yield ed w ith pr etended r elu cta n ce Th e un cl e th en cover ed .

hi m self w i th a rice sa ck a n d Ju a n ti ed th e m o u th o f th e b a g
-
,

secu r ely I w ill fool h im

. Uncl e D ieg o sa id to h im self , .

“
Wh en I a m under th e w a ter a n d th e Sir en a ta kes m e to her
h ou se to beco m e h er hu sba nd I s h a ll never com e ba ck to Ju a n , .

”
Ha h a , h a !
,

Si
re n a . a bea u tifu l en ch a n tress . ha lf w om a n and ha lf fis h . w h o was su d
p p os e to
dw ell i
n cer ta i
n ri
vers . Th i
s belief is rl
fa i y com m on i
n L a L a g u n a p rovi
n ce. es p eci
a ll y
n th e tow n
i of P ag sa n ja n .
 I w ill fool h im Ju a n sa id to h im self Th ere i s n o s u ch
, .

th ing a s the Sir en a in the r i ver Th a nk God m y d rea dful .

,

uncl e w ill soon b e d is posed of At m idn ig h t Ju a n hu r led h is

h a ppy uncl e in to the r iver sa ying There is n o on e w ho ow es , ,

th a t m u s t n ot p a y h i
s d eb t
1
Ma y m y a ct b e j ustified ! ”
.

Th e h ea vy sa ck sa nk to th e bo ttom o f th e r i ver a n d n oth i ng ,

m ore w as h ea r d o f U n cl e D i eg o .

NO TES
Tw o o ther llected by Mr Ru sk a n d wh ich I
va r i
a n ts , wh i
ch were co .
,

ha ve on ly in a b s tra ct r u n a bou t as follows : ,

J U A N THE ASHES TR A DER J p oo d l i -

h w i th e .
—
ua n, a r ea er n as es , as n

w d wh
oo h h
s d m en bb co m i g
e d cl im b ed
ea r t fso f ty e ro er s n , an a r ee or sa e .

Wh il th y w b y t th f t f th t c ti g th i m y he
e e er e us a e oo o e ree , ou n n e r on e ,

d p ped th
ro ck f h m g th m Th y
e sa o w y i f i as g h t d he
es a on e . e ra n a a n r , an

a cq i d u rell th i g ld Wh th p p l f th t w h d J
a e r o . t ll h w en e eo e o e o n ea r ua n e o

v l bl
a ua h h d b m th y ll b ed th i h
e as es a d t k th
eco h e, e a u rn e r ou ses a n oo e as es

t th f
o t wh
e th y
or es iv d j ,t i ti m t fl
er e f m th w th f the
e a rr e us n e o su er ro e ra o

ro bb O ly tw
ers . c p d t cc
n J ; b t J w
o es a l dy ae o a u se ua n u ua n as a r ea on

j y d i g g d w ith hi m y A dyi g w m w h m h h l ped

ou r n e , o n oo s on e . n o an, o e e ,

g va h i
em m g i daw h th g
a y v ll
i t l
c ca n e : a n
g t f d h i
m h e en e an r a ers a as ou n ,

su m m d l gi f l d i b y m
one a ef hi on o d ll f h iso l t
i ers ea n s o s ca n e, a n a o s a ss a an s

w ki
er ell d [With th e d h l f f th i t y cf N 2 8
. d t
e seco n] a o s s or , . o. an n o es .

C 0 L Assr r AN D C O L AS KEL '

C ola ss i t w a s g ood b u t poor ; C ola s k el , ri. ch

bu t bad C ola s k el q u a rr el i
. n g wi t C ola ssi , t, k i ed th e a tter s o n l ca r a b a o h ll l ’
ly .

C ola ss i t sk i n n ed h i s dea d a n i ma a n d too k th e ide to La oa g to se i t, l , h ll

l
b u t co u d fin d n o p u r c a ser At n i g t h e a s k h
ed for s e ter a t a . ou se, h hl h
b u t w a s r efu sed o n th e g r o u n d t a t the u s b a n d w a s a w a fr om o m e ; yet h e h h y h
bo d l ly
s ta id u n der the o u se At m i d ni g t h e ea r d hth e c a tt e r of d i
. s es h h l h
a b o ve l
oo k ed u p t ro u g
, a o e i h h
n th e fl oor , a n d sa w th e w o m a n di h lni ng

m er r i w i ly
t a m an h
J u s t t e n the u s b a n d a r rived o m e a n d k n ock ed a t
. h h h
the doo r C o la ss it sa w the w o m a n p u t her p a ra m o u r i
. n to a b ox i n th e cor

n er a n d th e food i
, n a n o t er b o x C ola ss i h
t n o w a p pea r ed a t th e door , a n d .

wa s i n vi ted i n b y the os p i ta b e u s b a n d h
O n b ei n g a s k ed w a t w a s i l h
n hi s . h
b a g C o la ss i
, t r ep ied t a t i t w as a m i l
r a cu o u s t i h n g, w i c , w en i t m a de a l h h h h
n oi se a s i t h a d a m o m e n t b efor e w en he h a d s tep ped o n i
, t, des i red to sa y h
s o m et i ng h
O n b ei n g a s k ed to i
. n ter p r et, C o la s s i t sa i d t a t the s k i n to d h l
hi h
m t a t t er e w a s d eli h
ci o u s food i n o n e o f th e b ox es T ereu po n th e . h
food w a s p rod u ced Now , it w a s sa i d i n the n ei
.
g b o r ood t a t t i s o u se h h h h h
h
w a s a u n ted b y the Devi a n d the ow n er t o u g t t i l
s a g ood o p p or tu n i
, t h h h y
to fin d o u t b y m a g i c w er e th e Devi w a s C o la ssi t i h
n ter p r e ted fo r th e l .

ca r a b a o ide -
h
The Devi w a s in the o t er b ox , he sa i
. d l fter t i n g the h . A y
b ox w i t ea v h h
r o pe s C o la s si y
t s ta r ted to w a r d the ri , ver wi t it He re h .

p e a te d a j in g e w ic in fo r mle d th e m a h h
n i n s i
d e o f h is im m i
n e n t f a te T h e .

la tter r e p i ed ( a so i l l
n ver se) t a t he w o u d g i ve a t ou sa n d peso s r a n so m h l h .

C ola ss i t a ccep ted a n d so b eca m e ri c , [The n a rra tor sa s t a t t is i s h . y h h

on ly
o n e o f ten a d ve n tu r es b e o n g i n g to the co m p ete s to r It i s a pi l ty l y .

h
t a t the o t er n i n e a re m i hss i ng ]

O ne of th e m os t com m on Ta gal og p r overb s .

1 96 Mem oirs of the A m erica n Folk L or e Society
-
.

Th e cycle o f ta les to w h i
ch a ll o u r va r i
b elo n g a n d wh i ch m a y
a n ts ,

a tely b e ca lled th e Ma s ter C hes t cycle , is o n e o f the m os t

“ "
a p pro p r i

p p
o u lar k n o w n I t o cc u rs in m.a n y di fl er e n t for m s ; in d ee d th e v er y
'

n a tu re o f th e s to r y m er ely a s u ccess i on o f i n ci d en ts i n w h ich a poor

b u t s hrew d k n a ve ou tw i ts h i s rich fr i en d or en em y ( th e d i s tin cti on

m a tters li ttle to th e n a rra tor ) a n d fin a lly b r i n g s a bou t h i s en em y s

'
,

dea th w hi le he him sel f b ecom es r ich is s u ch a s to a d m it o f in defin ite

o n , so fa r as th e n u m b er a n d va r i
ex p a n s i ety o f th e ep i sod e s are con

cer n ed There ha ve b een a t lea s t fou r com p rehen s i

. ve descri p tiv e o r

bibliog r a p hica l s tu dies o f th is cycle m a de Kohl er s (on Ca m pb ell s ,

’ '

G a el ic s tor y , No s to Nos 1 0 a n d C lou ston s

’
Cos q u in s (n o te
’
. .

(2 : 2 2 9 a n d B o l te P o l i vk a s (on G r i m m No O f these ,
’
-
.
,

th e las t, i n a s m u ch as i t i s th e l a tes t ( 1 9 1 4 ) a n d m a de u se o f a ll th e

p r ece di n g is th e m, os t co m p l ete F r o m it ( 2 1 0 ) w e l ea rn t h a t th e .

cha ra cter i s tici n cid en ts o f thi s fa m i ly o f d ro lls a re a s follows

A A b b it ( g t b id) c ri f m g e A A w lf ld f
I
ra oa , r am
as ar er o essa s.
’
o so or a r

B A g ld d p p i g
o -
( h ro ) n ass or or se .

C A lf c k i g v l
se -
oo n esse .

D A h t w h i h p y th l d l d
a c a s e an or .

E Dit ( h ) g i
l
r v ( ld
as b tit ted ) f
s
e g l d E M
en y w h i
c
soh w a s
, su s u or o .
’
on e

a ll g ed to b i
e ch e t d m ded f m th t
e f th ch e t
n a s , e an ro e s or er o e s .

F C w hi ld t d l t l h b d
”
l
d (
o ta lk i g b id )
e or ( )
F d t n h r so o a u er es s , o r
’
so o er us an ,

(F ) or h ged f th h t i w hi h th p m i
'
ex c a n led
or e c es n c e a ra o u r s co n cea , or

(F l wh h gdf m y
e se er e ex c a n e or on e .

G A fl t ( fi ddl
1
u e t fl k i f ) w hih p p e,tly b i g t
s a l if ga i th
, n e c a a r en r n s o e a n e

d d w m ea G Th d d m th o lled
ki
an . c d ti m ’d pa i d e ea o er a se o n e, a n

fo r b y the s u p posed m u r d ere r .

H h
E sca pe of th e ero from the sa ck ( c es t) b y ex c a n gin g p a ces wit h h l h a

h h
s ep er d .

J h
Dea t o f the en vio u s o n e, w h o w i
s es to secu re so m e m a ri
n e ca tt e h l .

Th e o p po n en ts in thi s g r ou p o f sto r i
es , sa ys B o te, l a re ei
t er vi a g e h ll
com p a n i
o n s , or u n a c u a i q ch
n ted m a r k eter s , or a r i a n d a n a va r i
cious
”
b r other I n a ddi
. tion to th e ep i sod e s en u m era ted a bo ve , mi
g ht be
m en tion ed tw o o th er s n o t u n co m m o n ly fou n d n th i
i s c cey l
‘
F F ri h te i r b b d e t b d i h i
d ta b e o n t eml h
g n n g o ers u n r r ee y r o pp gn e or .

‘
F B orr ow ed m ea s u r e retu r n ed wi th co i n s a d h eri t i
t
n g o .

As thes e l a s t tw o occu r i n o th er s to ri es bo th d ro ll a n d ser i ou s ,

G ri m m No 59 ; a n d
, 1 00 1 N i
.
g h ts
" “
A liB a b a th ey m a y n o t o r i
g i ,

n a lly ha ve b elo n g ed to ou r p resen t g r o u p How ever , see Cos q u in s ’

.

”
n o tes o n hi s No x x Ri ch edea u ( 1. 2 2 5 , s ha rd to sa y w i
It i th
cer ta in ty j u s t w h a t w a s o r i
g i
n a lly t h e o n e b a s i
c m oti f to w h ich a ll
th e o thers ha ve a t on e ti m e or a n o th er b eco m e a tta ch ed ; b u t i t s eem s
to m e l i k ely th a t i t wa s i n ciden t H th e sa ck b y the sea ep i sode fo r ,
- - -
,

iti s wh i
s th i ch i s th e si n e qu a n on o f th e cycle To b e s u re, o u r thir d .
 Mem oirs of ca n Fol k L or e Soci
the A m eri -
ety .

b y hi s p a r en ts Now , th e son w as a vor a ci

. ou s ea ter Wh ile .

till a ba by , h e u sed to pull up th e n a i l s fr o m th e fl oor a n d ea t

s
th em , w h en h i s m oth er h a d n o m or e m i lk to g ive h im Wh en .

all th e n a il s w ere ex h a u s ted , h e a te th e cotton w ith w h ich the

p i
ll o w s w ere s tu ffed T hu s h is p a re
. n t s u se d to co m p a r e h im
to a m i ll w h ich consu m es sug a r ca n e incessa n tly I t w a s n ot .

m a n y yea r s before th e w ea l th of th e coupl e h a d beco m e g r ea tly

dimi n is hed by the l a vis h ex pen d itu re th ey h a d to m a ke for
Su g u i 8 0 Su g u i
d beca m e m ore a n d m ore i
’
d s food . n toler a ble
ever y d a y At l a st h i
. s pa r en ts deci ded to ca s t h im a w a y in to
a pl a ce from w h i ch h e m ig h t n o t b e a bl e to find h is w a y h o m e

ag am .

O n e da y th ey led h i m to a d en se for es t, a n d th er e a ba nd on ed
him . L u ckily for Su g u id , a m erch a n t soon passed by th a t pl a ce .

The m er ch a n t hea rd h im cr ying , a n d l ooked for him He fou nd .

th e b oy, a n d , bein g a g ood n a tu red m a n , he took th e b oy h om e

-

wi th h im I t w as n ot lo ng befor e the m er ch a n t r ea l i
. zed th a t

Su g u i
d w as a you th of ta l en t, a n d h e p u t h i m in sch ool In a .

few w eeks th e b oy s h ow ed h i s s uper i ority over h is cl a ss m a tes .

m e he
I n ti bea t even the m a s ter in poin ts of l ea rn ing An d so .

it w as th a t a fter only five m on th s of s tudyi ng h e l eft th e schoo l ,

beca u se h e found i t too sm a ll for h i s ex pa nd i ng in tellect .

B y so m e m a th em a ti ca l ca l cul a tion so th e tr a d i ,tio n sa ys o r ,

b y cer ta i n m ys ter i ou s com b i n a tion s of ch a r a cters th a t h e w rote

o n p a per Su g u i , d di scover ed on e d a y th a t a cer ta i n pr in cess w as
hi dd en som ew here Sh e h a d been co n cea l ed in su ch a w a y th a t
.

h er ex i s ten ce m i g h t n o t b e kn o w n o th er th a n by h e r p a r en t s a n d
th e cou r ti ers Su g u id i
. m m ed i a tely w en t to th e p a l a ce o f th e

ki ng a n d pos ted a pa per on th e pa l a ce door The p a per r ea d

,
-
.

Yo u r Ma j es ty ca nnot deny m e the fa ct th a t h e

“
a s fo ll ow s :

h as a d a ug h ter seclud ed so m ew h er e Yo u r hu m bl e serva n t

. ,
”
Su g u id B oci u .

Wh en the king rea d th is note he beca m e ver y a ng r y a s h e

, ,

s d a ug h ter s ex i
’
co uld n ow n o l ong er keep th e secr et o f h i s ten ce .

He i m m ed i a tely d es pa tch ed h i s so ld i ers to l oo k fo r th e p r e

s u m p tu ou s Su g u i d Th e so ld i ers fo und th e b oy w i
. th o u t m u ch
d ifficul ty a n d broug h t h im befor e th e king
, B u rs ti ng w ith
.

“
a n g er th e ki
, ng sa id Are you th e on e w h o w a s bo ld en oug h to
,
”
pos t th is p a per ?
Yes you r Ma j es ty
“
.
,

C a n yo u p r ove w h a t you h a ve sta ted ?

 Yes , you r Ma j es ty .

”
Ver y w ell , sa i
d th e king ; if you ca n I will g ive you m y ,

d a ug h ter for you r br i

de If with in th r ee d a ys you fa il to pr o
.

d u ce h er before m e however you s h a ll b e u n cond ition a lly

, ,

ex ecu ted .

“
I will n ot fa il to fulfil my prom ise you r Ma j esty
, , sa i
d
Su g u i
d .

After th i s br i ef i n ter view , Su g u id w en t d irectly hom e . He

told th e m er ch a n t a ll a bo u t hi
s pl a n to m a rr y the p rin ces s .

“
Why d id you d a r e tell th e king th a t you kn ow w h ere h i s
“
d a ug h ter is sa id th e m ercha n t w hen th ere is n o cer ta in ty
, ,

a t a ll o f yo u r find i ng h er or of g a in i ng h er con sen t ?

“ "
O h do n ot b e a fr a i
, d fa th er ! sa id Su g u id , If you w ill .

b u t pr ovi d e m e w ith tw elve of the bes t g old sm iths th a t ca n b e

found i n th e w ho l e ci ty I h a ve n o do ubt of find i
, ng a n d ca p tiva t
in g th e fa i r pr in cess As th e m er ch a n t w a s a r i
. ch m a n an d ,

in flu en ti a l too h e s u m m on ed i
, n a n h ou r a ll th e g ood g o ld sm i th s
th a t co uld b e found i n th e ci ty Wh en a ll the g oldsm ith s w ere
.

a s sem bl ed Su g u i
, d or d er ed th em to m a ke a pu rlon Th i s .

p u r lon w a s m a d e o f g o ld s il ver a n d p r ec i
,o u s s to n es
, I t w a s .

o blo ng i n s h a pe a n d h ollow i , n sid e being five feet h ig h thr ee , ,

feet d ee p a n d fo u r feet long

, Insi d e it w ere pl a ced a ch a ir a n d
.

a la m p B y m ea n s of a cer ta i
. n devi ce a perso n i ns ide the
p u r l on c o uld b rea t h e A l to g e th e r i
.ts co n s tr u ct i
o n w as so

bea u tiful th a t it seem ed a s if it w er e in tend ed for th e s i

, g h t o f
th e g od s a l on e .

Wh en a ll w as r ea d y Su g u id en ter ed th e pu rlon tak ing w ith

, ,

hi m a ll th e n ecessa r y provi si on s food fin e cloth es a pon iar d

, , , ,

an d a gui ta r Ever y par t of th e pn rlon w a s so w ell j oined th a t

.
,

n o o pen i ng w h a tever could b e detected B efore g oing in to the .

p u r l on
, S u g u i
d t o ld t h e m e r c h a n t to ta k e th e g o ld s m it h s h o m e ,

a n d n o t to a ll o w th em to l ea ve th e h ou se for th r ee d a ys l es t ,

th ey s h o uld r evea l th e secr et Su g u id th en or der ed five m en

.

to ca r r y th e pu r lon tow a r d s th e ki
'
ng s pa l a ce In th e m ea n .

ti m e h e w a s pl a yi ng the sw eetes t p iece of m u sic th a t m orta l

ea rs h a d ever hea r d Wh en the pn rlon w as nea r the pa l a ce
.
,

th e k i ng w as so ch a r m ed by the m elod iou s m usic th a t h e a sked ,

“ ”
th e m a s ter o f the ca r r i ers to h a l t for a m o m en t P ra y .
,
“ ”
h e sa i d a r e you th e own er of th a t th ing ?
,
“
No s i, r ! a cer ta i n m a n in ou r d istrict ow n s it sa id th e ,
2 00 M em oi
rs o f the Am erica n Folk Lore Society -
.

Wh o g a ve h im th is d ivin e g ift?
You r Ma j es ty th i s pa rlon as it i s ca ll ed , i
, s o f a r a th er ,

m ys ter io u s or ig i
n Th e o w n e r o f th is (.po in tin g to th e p a r lon )
w as a r el i g i
o u s m a n H e w a s for m er ly v er y w e.a l thy ; bu t be
ca u se h e g a ve m u ch a l m s to th e poor a n d th e n eedy h i s ri ch es ,

soon ca m e to a n en d He i s n ow so poo r , th a t h i .s si lken cloth es

h a ve a ll been ex ch a ng ed for r a gg ed cotton o nes Ea r ly on e .

m or n ing , w h en h e w a s a bou t to g o to th e church , h e w as su r

p r ised to find th is pa rlon a t h is door , g ivin g ou t m u sic as you
”
h ea r it n ow .

The ki ng tu r ned to th e queen w h o w a s s itting beside h im , ,

“
a n d sa i d O h h ow h a ppy ou r d a u g h ter w ould b e if sh e s hould
, ,

h ea r th is en ch a n tin g p iece of m u sic ! Sir if you w ill l end m e ,

th i s pa r lon y o u m a y a s k
, o f m e a s a co m p en s a t io n a n y f a v o r
”
th a t you m a y w a n t .

“
You r Ma j esty I w ill lend i t to you w i th a ll m y h ea r t b u t ,

on co nd i ti on th a t I t b e r etu r n ed w i th in tw o d a ys les t th e own er ,

”
sco ld m e for h a vi ng g iven it up .

“ " “
Yes a nsw er ed th e ki
, ng 1 w ill g ive it ba ck a s soon a s m y ,
”
d a ug h ter h as seen it Th e ki n g a n d qu een th en im m ed ia tely
.

o r d er ed th a t th e pa r lon b e ca r r i ed befor e th e p r i n cess Th e .

pr in cess s j oy need n o t b e d escr ibed if w e o nly th ink h ow h a ppy

’

w e s h o uld b e i f w e w er e i n th e sa m e s i tu a ti on a s sh e Sh e w as .

so bew i tch ed by th e m u s i c th a t s h e to ld h er fa th er n ever to

,

ta k e i t a w a y fr o m h er .

“ ”
0 d a u g h ter ! s a i d th e king w e h a ve j us t borr ow ed th i , s

p a r lon a n,d w e p r o m is ed t o r et u r n it a s s o o n a s y o u h a d see n it .

”
H ow ever you m a y h a ve it th e w h ol e n ig h t
, .

Th e ki ng a n d th e qu een convin ced th a t th eir d a ug h ter w as ,

qu ite h a ppy soon ba d e h er g ood b y B efor e l ea ving th e kin g

,
-
. ,

“
sa i d You m u st n ot s pend th e w ho l e n i
, g h t in l i
s t en in g to th e
”
sw eet m u s i c .

“
H a ve n o fea r fa th er ! I w ill g o to s l eep ea r ly
, .

Su g u id w ho w a s i n s ide th e pu rlon l is ten ed ver y ca r efully to

, ,

th e r etr ea ti ng foots teps o f th e king a n d qu een As soon a s h e .

th ou g h t th ey w er e too fa r a w a y to h ea r th ei r d a u g h ter i n ca s e

s h e s h ould cr y o u t h e ca m e ou t fr o m th e pa rlon , po n ia r d in ,

h a nd Th e pr i
. n cess of co urse w as ver y m u ch fr ig h tened w h en
, ,
“
s h e sa w Su g u i d kn eel i n g befor e h er a n d s a ying F a ir pr in cess , , ,

let n ot m y p r esen ce ca u se a n y fea r ! In co m i ng h er e I h a d n o ,

o th er pu r po s e th a n to r evea l to you a secr et th a t I h a ve l on g

202 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk L ore Soci
-
ety .

th a t he h a d to a bi
de by h is prom i se He relu cta n tly ca used th e .

p r i
n ces s to b e s u m m o n ed fr o m h er p a l a ce a n d s h e a n d S u g u id ,

w ere m a r r i ed tog eth er ; a n d i t w as n o t l on g befor e th e ki ng a n d

q u een b eg a n t o a pp re c ia te th e tal en t o f th ei r hu m bl e a n d l o w ly
so n in la w B y Su g u i d s wi se po l icy th e ki
’
- -
. ng do m pros per ed ,

an d for th e fir s t ti m e l ea r n ed w h a t pea ce rea lly m ea n t .

NOTES .

I ha ve a va r i
a n t of t h is stor y , J u a n the P oor told m ore br iefly , ,

n a r ra ted b y An drea Ma r i a n o, a Ta g a log who hea rd i

,t from h er l i
ttl e
b rother . n ou tli
I t r u ns thu s i ne:

J ua n s the
i so n of a
b eg g a r The b eg g a r di .es , a n d the so n se s im sel f ll h
h
to a m er c a n t for m o n e to b u r h i y y
s fa t er p roper l h
fter J u a n h a s b ee n y A .

ed u ca ted , he pos ts t i s si g n in h
fr o n t of th e m er c a n t
'
s o u se :
“
ca n t r a ce h h I
ever yth i ng t at i s os th Juanl ”
. The k in g sees the sig n , a n d r eq u i
. res

the b oy to di scover hi s idden da u g ter h h

Met od : Go den ca rria g e w it
. h l h
l y h
J u a n p a in g m u sic in side ; old m a n ired to p u s it The k in g b orrows the h .

ca r ria ge a n d ta k es it to hi s d a u g ter h
en a o n e wi t the p ri
. Wh l
n cess , J u a n h
decla r es h i s love, a n d s he g i ves h i m her ri ng Nex t d a y the ca r ri a ge i .s

re tu r n ed to the old m a n J u a n ta k es the rin g to the k in g , a n d is given th e

.

p ri
’
n cess s a nd i h
n m a rr ia g e b eca u se h e i s so wi se .

For a n ot er h Ta g a log va r i
a n t see Th e Ki
ng , the P r i
n ce
s s, a nd the
P oor Boy (J AF L 20 Thi s i s a l m os t i d en ti ca l wi th the va r i ant

a b ove, ex cep t tha t th e h ero i s a d vi s ed by tw o s ta tu e s h ow to d i scover

wher e the pr i n ces s i s F u r ther m ore the hero i

. s di s cover ed wi
,
th
th e p ri n cess a fter h e h a s g a i n ed a ccess to h er by m ea n s o f th e g i lt
ca rria ge a n d m u si c b ox
- .

Th e fu llest for m of th e s tor y , however , i s th e Ta g a l og m etr i ca l

ro m a n ce pop u l a r ly k n own u n der th e ti tle J u a n B a chiller

“ ”
Th e .

fu ll title r u n s a s follows : The Sa d Life of a F a ther a n d of h is Son

“

na m ed J u a n , i n th e Ki n g dom o f Spa i n Th e son sold h i m sel f to a

.

o n tha t h e w ou l d bu r y th e cor pse o f h i

"
m er cha n t on con di ti s fa th er .

My cop y b ea rs the da te 1 907 , b u t this is m erely a r epr in t o f a n older

ed i ti
on Reta n a cites a n edition da ted 1 902 ( NO 4337) a n d on e b e
. .

fore 1 898 ( No . Th e poem i s i n 1 2 s yll a bl e l i

- nes , a n d con ta i ns

35 0 q u a tra in s I t i s s t
. ill v er y p p
o u l ar a m o n g th e T a g a l og ,
s b u t d o es

n ot a p pea r to h a ve been p ri n ted i n a n y o f th e o th er P h i l ip pin e la n

g g
u a es I n
. a s m u ch a s th e re is a cl os e co n n ec tion b et w ee n o u r v a r i
a n ts

a n d th e vers e for m o f th e s tor y , I g i ve a p ros e p a r a p h ra s e o f the

la tter
There w a s o n ce a p oor b eg g a r Ser b a n do w ho h a d a n o n ly so n n a m ed
, ,

J u a n They l ived in the kin g dom of Spa in They ha d a l ittl e h u t o u ts ide

. .

the ci
t y i
n w i
c h h Ser b a n do u sed to g o to b eg t ei r living O ne h . m or n i
ng,

w h en Juan retu r n ed h
o m e fro m s c oo a n d w a s p a ih l
n g a ro u n d t ly h ei
r l ittle
 Fi
lipin o P opu la r Ta l es . 203

h
ho vel , he ea rd m a n k i n ds o f b i y rd s s pea k i n g to h i m t us J u a n , b e pa tien t h
a n d to i l i n p over t The tim e wi y . l com e w en G od w i rew a rd yo u l "
h ll .

h
T en a la rg e b ird fl ew to him , a n d sa i “
d , J u a n , lea ve ou r li ttle m i sera b le y
b u t ; g o a n d seek ou r for tu n e y ”
en h i s fa t er retu r n ed
. Wh o m e, J u a n told h h
hi m a l l a b o u t the a d vi ce o f th e b i r ds Ser b a n do di d n o t b eli eve t a t b i
. rds h
co u ld ta lk , a n d do u b ted , of co u r se, the tr u t o f w a t h i s so n sa i d h h .

Now , i t h
a p pen ed t a t Ser b a n do b eca m e s i h ck , a n d a fter a sh o r t ti me
di ed , lea vi n g hi s so n a o n e i n th e w or d l P oor J u a n wep t b i tterl l over
. y
the dea d b od He di y. d n o t k n ow w a t to do h
He covered the co rp se of h i s .

h
fa t er , a n d t en wen t cr i h y n g o u t t ro u g the s treets o f the ci h t ,
“
h
Who y
w a n ts to b u y a s a ve ? l A m erc a n t ea rd h i m
“
h h
w i ser ve yo u as lon g . I ll
as Ili ve i f you w i o n ll ly see to the b u ri a l of m y dea d fa t er , sa i d Jua n h
to th e m erc a n t h i W h
t ou t . es i ta ti h
o n the m er c a n t assen ted , a n d to h
g e t eh r t e hyw e n t to t h e li tt l e b u t T h e m e rc a n t o r d ere
. d a n d p a i d fo r a h
h
fu n era l ; t ere w a s a p rocessi on , a m a ss , a n d a fter the b u ri a l a b a n q u et .

h
T en th e m erc a n t took the b oy to lih ve wi t hi m i n th e ci t w ere the h y h
ki n g a n d q u ee n i ved l
Moreover , th is k in d m er c a n t sen t J u a n to sc oo ,
. h h l
a n d trea ted hi m a s a so n I n ti m e J u a n too k h i
. s b a c elor s deg r ee, a n d
'
h
wa s g rea tl a d m i y red a n d res p ected b y h i s tea c ers h .

O n e a fter n oo n J u a n p u t a n oti ce o n the door of the m erc a n t s

’
o u se, h h
h h
w i h
c r ea d t u s : I f w e u se m on e , t ere i s n ot i y h
n g w e ca n n o t di scover
”
h .

h h
I t a p p en ed t a t o n t a t sa m e a ftern oon th e k i h n g a n d q u een w ere d ri vi ng

h h
t rou g th e s treets o f the ci t y
Th e k in g c a n ced to fix h i
. s e es o n th e h y
si g nh h
w i c J u a n h a d p u t u p H e d id n o t b e. iev e t a t t h e n o t ic e w a s tru e ; l h
h
a n d so , w en h e a rr i l
ved a t the pa a ce , he o rdered th e m erc a n t to a p pea r h
b efor e h i m The m erc a n t w a s ver m u c fri
. h y
g ten ed a t the s u m m o n s , so h h
h l
J u a n im se f wen t a n d p r esen ted im se f b efo re the k in g h l .

I s the n o ti ce o n y ”
o u r doo r tr u e ? a sk ed the k i ng .

“
It i s tr u e, y
o u r Ma j es t ,
"
sa i d Jua n y .

h
T en go a n d fin d m y da u g ter h
I f you ca n fin d her , s he s a ll b e. h
y o u r wi fe ; i f n o t, you s a ose ou r h ll l y
ea d t ree d a s fro m n ow , h
”
sa i d the h y
ki n g , w ho hi d hi s d a u g ter i h
n a secr et roo m i n the p a l a ce .

h ll
J u a n wen t om e a n d ca ed a l l th e b es t golds m it s in the kin gdom He h .

l h
to d t em to m a k e a li ttl e w a g o n of p u re g o d , wi t a secre t cell i n side l h
in w i h h
c a m a n cou d si t wi t l
a m u si ca i h
n s tr u m en t a n d p a i t The l ly .

g o ld s m ith fi h
s n i
s e d t h e w a g o n in tw o d a s a n d w e re p a id o fl T e n y J u a n . h
l
ca l ed a m a n a n d to d h i m to d r a g t il s li h
tt e w a go n a lo n g the s tr ee t towa r d l
th e pa la ce , a n d t en to the p a za h fter en teri l A
n g the secret ce l wi
. th hi s l
m u si ca l i n s tr u m en t, h e to d the d ri l
ver to do a s he h a d b een di rected The .

m a n b eg a n to d r a g th e w a g o n a o n g the s tr ee t towa rd the pa la ce l Men , .

hl
wo m en , a n d c idr en cr ow ded b o t si des o f the s treet to see th i h s w a go n

of p u r e g o d , w i l h h
c g a ve o u t s u c sw ee t m u s i c h
en the w a g o n p assed i n . Wh
l
fr o n t of th e p a a ce, th e q u een w a s a m a zed a t i t She a s k ed th e ki n g to .

s u m m o n th e d ri ver b efore h i m So the k i n g ca l ed th e d ri

. ver , a n d a s k ed l
hi m to b ri n g th e g o den w a g o n i l
n to th e a l w ere th e q u een wa s h l h .

Ho w m u c wi yo u se t i h lls fo r ?
"
ll h
a s k ed th e q u ee n .

I l
w il n o t se i
"
ll
t, a ns wered th e d ri ver .

C a n yo u n o t en d i l
t to m e u n ti t i s a fter n oo n ? sa i l h
d th e k i ng ; a nd

a t las t th e d ri ver a g r eed to len d the w a g o n for a few ou rs h .

h
The q u ee n t en dra gg ed the wa gon a lon g th e a l , a n d took i t to her h l
h
d a u g ter i n the secret roo m The p ri n cess was del i
.
g ted A s s h e p us h e d h .
204 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k L or e Soci
ety -
.

i
t for wa r ds a nd b a ck w a r ds , s w eet At a s t J u a n
m u si
c c a r m ed h h er ea rs . l
ca m e ou t o f th e secret ce i ll
n the w a go n a n d k n e t b efo re th e p ri n cess l .

He told her w h y he h a d b ee n led to p a t i s tr ick , a n d a s t o f a l l he to d ly h l l

h
h er t a t he w o u d a ve ost hi l h
s i l
fe o n the m orrow i l
f h e h a d n o t b een a b e to l
fin d her . l
He a so b eg a n to ex p ress h i s o ve for h er At rs t s he es i l
ta ted . fi h
to a cce p t h i s p ro tes ta ti o n s of a ffecti o n ; b u t a t a s t s h e a ccep ted h i m , a nd l
g a v e h im o n e o f h er r in g s a s a s ig n t a t s h e w o u d m a rr h im h
F e a r in g l y .

h
t a t he m i g t b e c a u h
g t in th e r oo m b h
y so m e o n e e s e , J u a n n o w e n ter ed l
ll
th e secr et ce o f the w a g o n a g a i n .

l
At a s t th e k i n g ca m e , a n d s ta r ted to d ra g th e w a g o n o u t of th e p a a ce l
l
to th e p a ce w er e the d ri h
ver w a s w a i ti ng J u a n s u dden open ed th e doo r . ly
of th e secr e t ce ll
a n d s tood b efo r e th e ki ng
“ "
0 kin g ! h e sa i d n ow . , I
h a ve a cco m p i s ed l h y
o u r co m m a n d a ve fo u n d a n d seen . Ih
o u r d a u g ter y h
in th e secret roo m , a n d s h e h a s g i ven m e t i s ri ng
"
h .

The kin g wa s a m a zed , a n d sa id to im se f t a t, h a d h e k n ow n t a t the h l h h

w a gon co n ta i n ed a n y o n e i n si de h e wo u d n o t a ve a ow ed i t to b e b ro u g tl h ll h
to h i s i h
dd en d a u g ter h “
He sa nd to J u a n , Yo u a ve to d th e tr u t , t a t
. h l h h
an t i yh n g ca n b e di sco ver ed i f m on e i s u sed ; b u t yo u s a y
n o t m a rr my h ll y
h
d a u g ter
”
.

“
R em em b er ou r p ro m i y
se , sa i d Jua n .

ai W
t, a n d I ll
w i a s k the p ri n cess ,
"
sa id th e k i ng Sh e m i g t r e fu se . h .

Wh h
et er s h e refu ses o r n o t, s h e i s to b e m y w i fe, fo r a ve see n h er Ih
a n d fo u n d h er ,
"
re p i ed J u a n l .

T en yo u s ah a ve h er , h ll h
sa i d th e k i ng .

80 J u a n w a s m a rr i ed to th e p ri n cess , a n d t ere w a s g rea t rej o i ci ng i n h

th e k i n g do m h
The k in g , ow ever , wa s ver sorr t a t h is d a u g ter h a d
. y y h h
m a r ri ed J u a n w h o h a d n ow th e ri
, g t to in er i
t t h e t r o n e fr o mh h im H e h h .

l
co u d n o t en d u r e th e i dea so h e po n der ed n i ,g t a n d d a y h o w to k i J u a n h ll
u n d er so m e p r etex t o r o t er h
J u a n ea r n ed of th e kin g s p o t a n d decided
. l '
l ,

to lea ve th e ci t fo r a w ie y He a s k ed h i hl s wi fe fo r per m i
. ss i
o n to g o a n d

vi sit th e i tt e b u t i l l
n w i c h h
h e w a s b orn a n d a t a s t s h e co n sen ted , l .

l
O n e da y J u a n eft th e p a a ce a n d w en t to th e co u n tr l ie h e w a s y Wh l
.

wa k i l ng i n th e w ood s n ea r h i s ol d o m e, tw o b i rd s fl ew to hi mh Jua n . ,

ta k e t i s ri h
ng wi t yo u ; i h
t ha s m a g i c p ow er a n d wi fu r n i s y o u w a te v e r , ll h h
y o u a s k o f it,
"
sa id th e m a e b ir d l .

“
h
H ere, ta k e t is pen poin t, a n d u se it w en ever th e k in g a s k s yo u to
-
h
w ri te fo r h i m,
"
sa i d th e fem a e b i rd
“
l
R e m em b er , J u a n , yo u do n o t n eed
.

to h
a ve a n y i n k ; yo u ca n u se o u r sa i va
"
it co n ti y
n u ed
“
l
Now g o b a ck , .

to th e k i n g d o m , a n d d o n o t b e a fra i d of th e k i
’
n g s p o ts , sa i d th e tw o l
bi r d s tog et er h
So J u a n w en t b a ck to the p a a ce a n d i
. ved t er e w i t l , l h h
hi s wi fe .

O n e da y the k i ll
n g ca ed J u a n , a n d o r der ed h i m to w ri te so m et i ng Th e h .

h
k in g t o u g t t a t i h h
f J u a n s ou d m a k e a n y m i h l
s ta k es i n th e w r i tin g , he

l
w ou d o r der h i m to b e ex ecu ted J u a n u sed the p en p oin t w ic th e seco n d
.
-
h h
bi rd ha d g i ven h i m The k in g fu rn i .s ed h i m on a
p p er b u t n o h
i n k so ly , ,

J u a n u sed h is sa iva ri l
te t i s, J u a n ,
.
”
W sa id th e k in g : h “‘
It i s n o t ri g t h
h
t a t yo u s o u d b e ei h l h
r to m y cro w n , a n d su ccesso r to the t ro n e
’
h .

J u a n w ro te the w ords j u s t a s the k in g h a d g iven t em , a n d t e a p pea red h hy

on th e p a p er i n etter s of p u re g o d l l
The k in g w a s ver m u c s u r p rised . y h
b y th i s dem o n s tra ti o n o f J u a n s a b ii
’
t l y .
 2 06 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Folk L ore Soci
-
ety .

Th e k n own a lso i
stor y i
s n sou thern E u rope : e g , i n G reece (Vo n . .

H a h n , NO i
.n Si ci ly (Gon zen b a ch , No 68 ; P itr é, Nos 95, . .

I n the G reek versi o n , a fter the hero h a s deci ded to r isk h is n eck for th e

ha n d of the hidden pr in ces s , he goes to a shep her d a n d has h im self

cover ed wi th th e h ide of a la m b wi th go l den fleece I n thi s disg u i
se .

he i s ta k en to th e pr i nce ss I n th e n i
g h t h e th r ows
. o ff h i
s flee ce

n g a n d m a k es
cover i love to the p rin cess who fin a lly a ccepts h im a n d , ,

tells h i m h ow h e m a y b e a bl e to reco g n i
ze h er a m on g h er m a iden s ,

a ll o f whom hersel f in cl u ded her fa ther will cha n ge in to du ck s a n d

, , ,

then wi ll requ ire the yo u th to pick ou t the du ck which is the pr in cess .

He s u cceeds , and ha n d in m a rr ia ge I n Go n zen b a ch NO 68

n s h er
wi .
, .
,

th e hero i s on e o f th ree brothers w h o set ou t to seek thei r for tu n es .

They ea ch com e in s u ccess i o n to th e b ea u ti fu l city where the kin g

has i ss u ed th e pr ocl a m a ti on tha t w hoever ca n fin d h i s hidden da u g h ter
wi th in ei g h t d a y s s ha ll rec eive h er h a n d i
n m a r ria g e ; w ho eve r tr i
es a n d
fa ils loses h is hea d The first tw o b ro thers fa il a n d a re k illed Th e
, . .

you n ges t , a r ri
ving i ty
n th e ci a n d rea d i
ng the proc a m a til
on , d eterm i
n es

to ta k e the r i sk H e is a d vi
. sed by a n o ld b egg a r wom a n h ow to fin d
-

the p r i n cess He h a s g oldsm i

. th s m a k e a g ol den l i on w i th cr ys tal
eyes . The a n i m al i s so con tr i ved tha t i t p l a ys con ti n u a lly bea u ti fu l
m u si c . The hero hi d es i n side a n d the old wom a n ta k es th e l i
, on to th e

ki n g , to w hom s he len ds i t Then fo llow th e d i

. scover y o f the p r i n cess ,

her a ccep ta n ce of the hero s love , the tok en g i ven to th e hero etc
’
.
,

The hero i s obl i g ed t o p ick th e p r in ces s ou t f r o m a m o n g h er e leven

m ai ds w ho loo k ex a ctly l i k e h er I n Pi tr é No 95 w e fin d p ra cti
.
, ca l ly
.
,

the sa m e i n ci den ts reco rded : tw o ol der so n s o f a m er cha n t g o off to

seek thei r for tu n es , a n d los e thei r h ea ds b eca u se th ey ca n n ot d i s

n a yea r a m o n th , a n d a d a y The you n g est

“
cover th e pr i n ces s wi th i , .

com e s i n tu r n to th e sa m e cou n tr y, w a g ers h i s hea d , a n d s ea r ch es a

y e
s r a n d fi f teen d a ys i n v a i
n O n t h e a d v ic e. o f a n o ld w o m a n h e ,

h as b u i l t a go lden dcu la (j u st wha t this w or d m ea n s I ha ve b een u n a ble

n e)
to d eterm i l a r ge en ou g h to con ta i
n a p er so n p a i n g a m u sica l y l
i
n s tr u m en t . Fou r m en ca r r y the dcu la to th e p a a ce ; d isco ver of l y
th e p r i
n cess follows Seco n d tes t : to p i
. n ces s o u t fro m tw en ty
ck th e p r i

fou r m aiden s d res sed ex a ctly a li ke .

I n n on e o f these th ree s tor i s ( n or i

e n Pitre No 96 , wh i ch i s a s hor ter , .

va r ia n t o f No 95) does th e o p en i
. n g resem b l e o u r fo rm s o f th e ta l e .

Nor i n a n y o f th e three , ei ther , does the h ero br i n g th e w a g er on h i m

sel f beca u se o f th e a n n o u n cem en t h e m a k es tha t h e w h o h a s g ol d ca n _

discover a n yth i ng W ith th is deta il , how ever , co m pa re_the cou p let

.

whi ch th e hero d i s p la ys in Pi tr e, No 96 : .

Cu
’
h a vid i a n rifa ch i
dd u ch ivo li ,

Cu
'
ha vib o n ca va ll u va u n n ivo li .
"

Th e l i
ne He w h o h as g old
ca n do w h a tever h e w ish es is a l m os t

id ea th th e correspondi
es ] wi
ti n g li n the Ta g a log ver se s tor y
ne i
_ .
 Fi
lipin o P opu la r Ta l es . 2 07

Iti s to b e n o ted tha t th e bride wa g er i den t i

n ci n th i s g ro u p of s tor i
es -

resem bl es clos ely th e sa m e ep i sode i n ou r No 1 9 Th e o pen in g of ou r . .

No 2 1 h a s been i
. n fl u en ced by th e settin g o f the s to ri
es o f th e Ca ra n

ea l g ro u p ( No .

22 . TH E R EWA R D O F KI NDN ESS .

‘

In a cer ta in tow n th er e on ce lived a couple w ho h a d never ha d

a ch i ld Th ey h a d been m a r r ied for nea r ly five yea rs a n d
.
,

w er e ver y a nx i ou s for a son Th e n a m e o f th e w ife w a s C la r a ;

.

a n d o f th e m a n P hi l ip , .

O n e cl oudy n i g h t i n D ec e m b er w h il e t h e y w ere t a lkin g by ,

th e w i nd ow o f th eir hou se C la r a sa id to her hu sba nd th a t sh e ,

w as g oi ng to pr a y th e n oven a so th a t H ea ven would g ive th em

’
,
“
a ch i ld . I would even let m y son ser ve th e Devil if h e w ould ,

b u t gi ve u s a s on ! As h er hu sba nd w as w i lling th a t sh e should

pr a y th e n oven a C l a r a beg a n th e n ex t d a y h er fer ven t d evotion s
,

to th e Vi r gi n Ma r y Sh e wen t to chu r ch ever y a f ter noon for

.

ni n e d a ys Sh e ca rr ied a s m a ll p r a yer boo k w ith her a n d

.
-
,

p r a yed un til si x o cl ock ever y even i ng At l a s t sh e fin is hed h er

’
.

n oven a ri o
“ b u t n o ch i ld w as bor n to th em a n d th e couple w as
, ,

d isa ppoin ted .

A m on th h a d pa s sed w h en to th ei r g r ea t h a pp i
, n ess C l a r a
, ,

g a v e b ir th t o a so n T h e c h ild th ey n
. i ckn a m ed M 6 M 6 w a s .

g r ea tly c h er is h ed by h is p a r e n ts fo r h e w a s th eir o nly ch il d ; ,

b u t he di d n o t ca r e m u ch to s ta y a t h om e He ea r ly beg a n to .

s h ow a fondnes s for tr a vell i n g a b r oa d a n d w a s a l w a ys to b e ,

found in th e d en se w oods on th e ou ts kir ts of th e tow n .

O n e a fter n oo n w h en th e fa m i ly w a s g a th er ed tog eth er a r ound

,

a s m a ll ta bl e ta lki ng a kn ock w as h ea r d a t th e door

, , Com e .

"
in ! sa i d P h il ip .

No I j u s t w a n t to tal k w i
, th you r w i fe a n sw ered a h oarse ,

vo i ce fr o m w i th ou t .

C l a r a tr em bl i
, ng opened th e door a n d to her g r ea t s u r pr ise
, , , ,
“
s h e s a w s ta nd i ng th ere a m a n w h o looked l ike a bea r A .

"
d ev il a d evil ! s h e ex cl a im ed ; b u t th e Devil p a cified h er a n d
, ,
“
sa i d , C l a r a I h a ve com e h ere to g et you r son you pr o m i
, sed

m e a l on g ti m e ago Now th a t th e da y h a s com e w h en you r

.

”
son ca n b e of s o m e ser vi ce to m e w i ll you d eny you r p rom ise ? ,

N a rra te d by Eli sa C or d er o. a Tag a log fro m P a g sa n j a n . La L a g u na . w h o h ea rd th e

stor y fro m a Ta ga log frien d .

N oven a . a d on cons i
evoti n g of
s ti pra yer s h el df or n i
n e con s ecu ti
ve d a ys a n d a s ki g
n

for so m e s peci
al fa vor .

0 N oven ar i
o . th e a ct of perform i
ng or d
h ol i
ng a nou n .
2 08 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n Folk Lor e Soci
ety - .

C l a r a could m a ke n o r eply a t fir s t Sh e m er ely ca lled h er son ; .

a n d w h en h e ca m e, s h e s a i d to th e Devil H ere is m y son , .

"
Ta ke h im , since h e i s you r s I do w h o w as a t th i s ti
. m e a bo u t ,

seven teen yea rs o ld w a s n o t fr i g h t e,ne d by th e D ev il .

“ “
C om e sa i
d th e Devil , a n d b e m y follow er !
, At firs t
I do refu sed ; b u t h e fin a lly con sen ted to g o beca u se of h i s ,

m o th er s p r om i
’
se .

Th e D evi l n ow too k M6 to h is ca ve, fa r a w a y ou ts ide th e

tow n . He tried i n m a ny w a ys to tem p t I do, b u t w as un a bl e to

do so beca u se M6 w as a you th of s tr ong ch a r a cter

, Fin a ll y .

th e D evi l d ecided to ex ch a ng e cl o th es w ith h im M6 w a s .

o bl ig e d to p u t on th e b ea r l i
k e c l o th es o f th e D ev-
i
l a n d to g i v e

hi m hi s ow n so ld i er s u it Th en th e D evil produ ced a l a r g e

-
.

b a g full of m on ey a n d sa i d to M6 Ta ke th is m on ey a n d g o
,
“
,

tr a vell i ng a bo u t th e w or ld for seven yea r s If yo u l ive to th e .

en d o f th a t ti m e, a n d s pend th i s m on ey o nly i n d oi ng g ood I ,

wi ll set you free If , h ow ever you s pend th e m on ey ex tr a v

.
,
"
a g a n tly, you w i ll h a ve to g o to h ell w ith m e Wh en h e h a d .

sa i d th ese w or d s h e d isa ppea red, .

I do n ow beg a n s w a nd er i
hi ng s
fr om tow n to tow n Wh en .

ever peopl e s a w h i m th ey w er e a fr a id of h im a n d w ould r efu se

, ,

to g ive h im s h el ter ; b u t I do w ould g ive th em m on ey fr o m h i s

b a g a n d th en th ey w ould g a th er a bo u t h i
, m a n d b e kind to
hi
m .

After yea r s h e h a ppen ed to com e to a tow n w h ere h e

m a ny
sa w a n o ld w om a n s u m m on ed befor e a co u r t o f j u s ti ce Sh e .

w a s a ccu sed o f ow i ng a su m of m on ey b u t w as un a bl e to p a y ,

h er debt a n d th e fin e i m posed o n h er Wh en I do pa id h er fin e .

for h er a n d thu s relea sed h er fr o m p r i so n th e w o m a n co uld ,

h a rdly ex press h er g r a titu d e As m ost of th e o th er peo pl e a bo u t

.

w er e a fr a i d of M6 a n d h e h a d n o pl a ce to s leep th is w o m a n ,

d ecided to ta ke h im h om e w ith her .

Now th i s o ld
, w om a n h a d th r ee d a ug h ter s Wh en s he .

r ea ch ed h om e w i th th e bea r l i ke m a n sh e ca ll ed h er eld es t -
,

“
d a u g h ter a n d sa id , Now m y d a ug h ter h er e i
, s a m a n w ho, ,

d el ivered m e fr om pr iso n As I ca n do noth ing to r ew a r d h im

.

”
for h i s g r ea t ki
ndn ess I w a n t you to ta ke h im for you r hus ba nd
, .

Th e d a u g h ter r epl ied Mo th er w h y h a ve you br oug h t th is

, ,

u g ly m a n h er e ? No I ca nnot m a r r y h i m I ca n find a better

, .

"
hu s ba nd .

On h ea r i ng th is h a rs h reply th e m o th er could n ot sa y a ,
2 10 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Fol k L ore Soci
-
ety .

a H in doo sag a l
tra n s a ted i
n to Chi n es e i n th e seven th cen tu r y , a n d

from the Ch in ese in to Fren ch in the m iddle of the n in eteen th cen tu r y,

b y the Fre n ch or i en ta l i
s t Sta n i s l as J u li en ; b u t Bo l te i s o f th e o p i ni on

(p 435
.
) t h a t t h e re is p r o b a b l y n o c o n n e c t i
o n b e tw ee n t h e t w o I.n

a n y ea s e , to j u dg e fro m recor ded va r i a n ts th e Ta g a log s tor y i

, s an

i m por ta ti on fro m th e O cci den t .

An d yet there a re n ot a few devi a tion s i n ou r vers i o n fro m th e n or m ,

i f Gri m m s ta l e m a y b e con s i der ed represen ta ti ve o f th e cycl e Th e

'
.

m os t i m porta n t o f these i s th e o pen i n g whi , ch i s o n e for m o f the P ro m

i sed Ch i ld open in g (see Ma ccu lloch , 4 1 5
”
Th i s for m u l a o f a

ch i ld less cou ple fin a lly prom isin g in des pair to let their child serve
even th e Devi l if they a re g ra n ted offs pr in g , or to b e sa tis fied with a n
a n i a ch i
m l -
ld or som e other m on s trosity , is a fa vor ite o n e in Filip in o
Mcirchen (cf Nos 3 a n d va r ia n ts 1 9 a n d va r ia n t, a n d a nd i
'

. .
, ts
u se her e m a y ha ve b een i n fl u en ced by th e beg i nni n g o f th e n ex t ta le .

O ther di fferen ces m a y b e n oted br i efly : ( 1 ) Th e com p a ct m a d e

betw een the hero a n d th e Devil does n ot in cl u de th e cha ra cteris tic

p r o h ib i tio n s in t h e E u ro p ea n v e rs io n s ; n a m e ly t h a
, t t h e h e ro is n o t
to com b h i s ha i r , w a sh h i m sel f , tr i m hi s bea rd , etc du r i
. n g hi
, s seven

yea rs of wa n der in g The Devil seem s to rely m erely on h is b ea r

.

s ui t, wh i ch h e m a k es th e hero wea r , to p rodu ce i n s u r m o u n ta b l e d i fli

cu lti es . I t m a y b e tha t the pr ohi bitio n s m en tion ed a b ove wer e
om i tted b eca u se they i n vol ved co n d i ti o n s who lly forei g n to F il ip i n o

con cep ti on The n a ti

. ves ta k e g rea t pr i de i n thei r ha i r , a n d a lw a ys

d ress i t ca refu lly a re scr u p u lou s ly cl ea n p erson a lly a n d a r e b ea r d le

, , ss !

I ca n ci te n o p a r a llel i n fo l k ta les for th e con d i

-
ti o n s u b s ti tu ted ; ie . .
,

if the w a n derer does g ood w i th h i s m o n ey , th e Dev i l w ill ha ve n o

p o w e r o v er h im a t th e e n d o f t h e se v e n y ea rs w , h il e if h e ,s p e n d s it
ex tr a va g a n tly a n d foo l i s h ly , h e g oe s to hell .P er ha ps n o n e n eed b e
sou g h t ou ts i de of a ctu al ex per i en ce .
( 2 ) T h e h e r o is s u pp l i
e d w it h
m on ey fro m a la rg e b a g w h i ch th e Devi l gives him n o t from th e ,

in ex ha u s ti b le pock ets o f a m a g i c g reen coa t, as i n Gr i mm Th e

.

m en ti o n o f the her o s soldi er su i t, b y the w a y, s i n ce n o th i n g h a s b een

’
-

sa i d ea r l i er i n the s tor y o f h i s ha vi n g fo ll ow ed th e pro fess i o n of a r m s ,

is li k ely a r em i ni scen ce o f th e cha r a cter i s tic o pen i n g o f th e E u ro pea n

ver si on s w her e i
, t i s a poor soldi er w ho h a s th e ex p er i en ce w i th the
Devi l (3) The p erso n r a n som ed by the hero in ou r s tor y is a n old
.

wom a n i n s tea d o f a n o ld m a n .
(4 ) T h e tw o d is a pp o in t ed s i
s te r s d o

n ot ki ll them sel ves , a n d hen ce the Devil does n ot r ea p pea r a t the

en d of the s tor y , I ha ve n ow g ot
“
a s h e does i n Gr i mm , a n d sa y ,

two sou ls i n th e p l a ce o f th y on e !

Th e bro k en -r i n g recog n i ti on on th e retu r n ho m e i s a fea tu r e wh i ch I

bel ieve occu rs in n o other Fil ip in o fol k ta le , b u t is m et w ith n o t in

-

freq u en tly in E u ropea n sa g a a n d s tor y (cf Koh ler -B ol te, 1 1 7 , 584 ;

.

s ee a lso B ol te-P ol i vk a , 1 : 2 34 ; 2
 2 3. P EDR O AND SATAN .
‘

O nce upon a ti
m lived a ver y r i
e th er e
ch m a n w hose wi fe ,

h a d never g i ven bi r th to a ch i ld Th e coupl e ha d a lr ea dy m a d e .

sever a l p i lg rim a g es a n d h a d s pen t g r ea t s u m s of m oney for

,

rel i g i
o u s se r v ices in th e h o
, pe th a t G o d m i
g h t g i
v e th em a c h i
ld ,

even th o ug h a s i ckly on e to i nh er it th eir m oney ; b u t a ll th eir

,

effor ts w er e i n va i n D is a ppo in ted th e m a n resol ved to rely

.
,

upo n Sa ta n for th e per form a n ce of h is w ish .

O n e da rk ni g h t w h e n h e w, a s t h i
nk in g h a r d a bo u t t h e m a tte r ,
“
h e h ea r d a voi ce sa y You r w i s h wi ll b e qu ickly fulfill ed if
,

y o u b u t as k m e for i t Th e r i ch m a n w a s so filled w i
. th j o y ,

th a t h e tu r n ed tow a r d s th e voi ce a n d knel t befor e th e i nvis ibl e

“
s pea ker : I w ill g i ve you m y l i fe a n d even m y w ife s in r e ,
’
,
”
tu r n for a so n w h o w i ll b e th e heir to m y r ich es sa id th e m a n , .

Mea n w h ile h e per ceived in fr on t of h im a fig u r e w h ich in an

i ns ta nt a ss u m ed th e for m of Sa ta n At firs t he w a s fr ig h ten ed ; .

b u t hi s fea r w a s o nly m o m en ta r y a n d h e w a s ea g er to hu rr y ,

up th e a g reem en t w ith Sa ta n so th a t h e m ig h t r eceive th e ch ild , .

Th ey th er efor e m a d e a g o ld en docu m en t w h i ch p r ovi d ed th a t

th e fi r s t ch i ld o f th e h eir w a s to b e g iven to th e Devil a t th e a g e
o f ten a n d th a t th e m a n a n d h i s wi fe w ere n o l ong er God s ’
,
’
s ubj ects b u t Sa ta n s
, .

After th e a g r eem en t h a d been m a de th e D evi l pro m ised th e ,

ri ch m a n th a t hi s wi fe w ould g ive bir th to th e l ong ed for son -

ea r ly th e n ex t m o r n i ng Then he d isa ppea r ed Th e ch ild w a s

. .

bo r n a t th e a ppo in ted tim e a n d g r ew w ond er fully fas t for in , ,

five d a ys h e w a s a full g r ow n yo u th B u t th e pa r en ts co uld n ot

-
.

b u t bl a m e th em sel ves for th ei r i m pi ou s a ct Th ey intend ed to .

keep th e secr et from th eir son ; b u t th ey could n ot do so for ,

th e b oy w a s a l w a ys a s k i ng a bou t th e n a ture o f h is ex istence .

So w h en P ed r o th ey ca lled h i m by th i s na m e kn ew of
hi s pi tiful lot h e d ecid ed n ot to m a r r y un til h e h a d su cceeded i
, n

w r es ti n g th e g o ld en d ocu m en t f ro m th e h a nd s o f Sa ta n .

Now P ed r o knew th a t devi

, l s do n ot l ike cr osses a n d ca nn ot ,

even s ta y w h er e th ey h a ve to l oo k a t th em So o n e d a y h e .

a s ked h i s m o th er to m a ke for h i m tw o g ow n s on e h a vi ng l ittl e ,

cr osses h a n g i ng fr om it Wh en th ese h a d been fin is hed P ed r o

. ,

a s ked hi s fa th er to g i ve h i m over to Sa ta n so th a t h e m i g h t ,

w or k w i th th e d em on s i n h ell No soo ner h a d h e ex p ressed .

Nar a ted by P d D L Son eta a B icol f m Ca ta n d ua nes w ho he d th e tory

r e ro . .
-
. ro . ar s

w hen h e wa s a ttle b o y
li .
2 12 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n Folk L or e Soci
ety -
.

hi
s des ir e to h is fa th er th a n th e Devil a ppea r ed a n d took th e
young m a n off to h is king do m Th ere P ed r o w as a ss i
.
g n e d t h e

tas k of d i r ecti ng th e dem ons in h a ul ing th e l og s th a t w er e to b e

used for fuel .

P ed ro or d er ed the dem o n s to ti e a s tr o ng p i ece o f r o pe to o n e

en d o f a log a n d o r d ered th em to pull i

, t w hi le h e s tood on th e
oth er en d Ever y tim e h e coun ted O n e tw o th ree ! h e w ould
.
”
, ,

hold up h is o u ter g ow n ; a n d the d em ons seeing th e crosses , ,

w o uld ru n a w a y i n co nfu s i on As th e d evi l s could n ot endu r e

.

P ed ro s co ndu ct th ey r a n to th ei r m a s ter Sa ta n a n d a s ked h i

’
, m ,

to send th e yo ung m a n a w a y for h e co uld n ot do a n y w or k , .

The d em on s could n ot sa y a nyth i ng a bou t P ed ro s trick h ow ’

,
"
ever for th ey d i
, d n ot d a r e even s pea k th e w or d cr oss Sa ta n .

th en s u m m oned P ed ro to h i s o ffice a n d h a d hi m w or k th ere

, .

Now th e young m a n h a d p u t a s tr ong pi

, ece of r o pe und er h i s

g o w n . O n e d a y w h en S a t a n w as, ta k i n g h is s ies ta in a r oc k i n g
ch a i r P ed ro ti
, ed h i m fa s t to th e ch a i r Th en h e r em oved h i .s

ou ter g own a n d w o ke Sa ta n Th e Devil w i . th cl osed eyes

s tr ugg led h a r d to esca pe ; b u t h e could n o t g et l oo se So h e .

hu m bly requ es ted P ed ro to g o a w a y a n d l ea ve h im a l one ; b u t

P ed ro w o uld nei th er l ea ve h i m n or let hi m go He dem a nded .

the docu m en t b u t Sa ta n w o uld n ot g i

, ve i t up So P ed r o kep t .

on fri g h te n in g th e D e vil un til a t l a s t S a ta n sa id th a t h e w o uld

g iv e up th e d oc u m en t if P e d r o w o uld rel ease h i m P e d ro p u t .

on h i s ou ter r o be a n d th e D evi l ca ll ed h is secreta r y a n d to ld

,

hi m to g i ve th e g old en d ocu m en t to th e yo ung m a n P ed r o .

th rew th e bo nd i n to th e fire ; a n d w hen h e sa w th a t it w as com

p le te ly m e l ted h e too k o ff, h is o u t e r ro b e a g a in a n d tu r n e d ,

Sa ta n loose Th e Devil ra n a w a y ex ceed ing ly terr ified

. .

Then P ed ro wen t ho m e w h er e h i s pa r en ts rece i

, ved h i m wi th

g re a t j o y T hu
. s by h is c l ev er n ess h e sa v e d h i
s p a re n ts a n d
hi s fu tu re ch i ld from a ter rible fa te .

NO TES .

Li k e th e pre ced in g , th i
s s tor y i s do u btle
s s a ls o a n i on i
m p or ta ti n to

the I sla n ds from Eu rope I t belon g s to th e gen era l fa m i

. l y of ta les
k nown as th e P ro m i sed Ch i ld , b u t the n ar ra tive ta k es a tu r n which
lea ds in to a s pecia l g ro u p o f th is fa m ily Th e m em b er s o f th is gro u p .

a re u su a lly n ot lon g ; a nd th e s tor i

es , o n the w ho le , a re s i
m p le . A
pa r en t p r o m i
s e
s , tti
wi ng ly o r u n wi
tti
ng ly , hi
s h ild
c to th e Devi
l i
n

re tu r n for som e s er vi
ce, and g i
v es hi
s si
g n a tu r e to th e b on d . The
2 14 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Fol k Lor e Soci
-
ety .

p la yin g before hi
m th e cr oss -em bro i
d er ed g ow n Th e fi rs t ta s k th e .

hero is p u t to when h e en ters hel l dire ctin g the ha u l in g of log s for

fu el seem s m ore a p pr o p ri
a te tha n tha t o f dr a i
nin g tw o p on ds , whi
ch

th e hero i
s o bl iged to per for m i
n Cos q u i
n
’
s
“
La B a g u ette Mer veil
leu se ,
”
No . n ow .

m on y o f the n a rra tor tha t h e hea rd the s tor y fro m on e of hi

Th e tes ti s

p l a ym a tes w hen h e w a s a l i
ttl e b oy th r ows a n n
i ter es tin g ra y o f lig h t ,

on n wh i
the wa y i ch pop u la r s tor ies r cu a te i
ci l
n th e l
P h ii
pp i
n es .

24 . THE DEVI L AND THE GUACH I NANGO .

‘

Th ere n ce l ived i
o n a s ubu r b of a tow n a ver y rel i g io u s o ld
wi dow w h o h a d a bea u tiful d a u g h ter P ir ia n g by n a m e Young , .

m en fr om d i fferen t pa r ts o f th e tow n ca m e to cou r t P iria n g ,

a n d th e m o th er a l w a ys pr efer r ed th e r i ch to th e poor Wh en ever .

ria n g s fr i end s to ld h er th a t th e m a n w h o m s h e r ej ected w o uld

’
Pi
h a ve been a g ood m a tch for h er s h e a l w a ys a n sw er ed th a t s h e ,

w o uld ra th er h a ve a d evi l for a hu s ba nd th a n su ch a m a n .

O n e d a y a d evi l hea rd P i ri ang gi vi ng th is a n sw er to on e of

h er fri end s Thus enco ura g ed h e d i
. sg u i
sed h i m self a s a yo ung
,

m a n of nobl e blood a n d w en t to P i ri
’

, a n g s h ou se to offer h er

hi s l ove The m oth er a n d d a u g h ter r ecei

. ved th i s s tr a n g er w i th

g r ea t c iv il ity fo r h e a pp e a,red to th em to b e th e so n o f a n o bl e

m an . I n th e r i chn ess o f h i s d r ess h e w as u n ex cell ed by h i s

After h e h a d been g oi ng to P ir ia n g s h ou se for a few

’
ri va l s .

w eeks th e old w i
, d ow told h im on e da y to com e prepa r ed to b e
m a rr i ed on th e fo llow i ng Tuesd a y O n th e Sund a y before th e .

w edd i ng d a y he h a d a l ong conversa tion w ith P ir ia n g He

-
.

ca l m ly a s ked h er to ta ke o ff th e cr oss th a t s h e h a d a bo u t h er

n eck for i , t m a de h er l ook u g ly h e sa i d She r efused to do so , .

,

h ow ever beca u se s h e h a d w or n th is cr oss ever s ince s h e w a s a

,

ch i ld After h e h a d d epa r ted P iria n g told h er m other w h a t he

. ,

h a d a s ked h er to do .

Th e n ex t da y th e m o th er w en t to th e chu r ch Sh e to ld th e .

pr iest th a t P ir ia n g s br ideg r oom h a d or der ed h er to ta ke off h er

’

cr oss fr o m h er n eck Th e p r i es t sa id th a t th a t m a n w a s a
.

d evi l ; for n o m a n a s a son of God w ould sa y th a t a cr oss m a de

, ,

th e on e w h o w or e i t l ook u g ly Th e pr i es t g a ve th e m o th er a
.

s m a ll i m a g e o f th e Vi r gin Ma r y He ins tr u cted h er to s h ow th e .

im a g e to th e br i d eg room I f w h en h e beh eld it h e tu rn ed h is

.

ba ck on h er a s sh e w a s h olding it s h e was to tie h im a r ound th e ,

rNa rra ted b y Jose La ki f Guag u a Pa m pa ngo H g t the to y t m b le u le

o . . e o s r ro . nc .

wh o h ea r d it f ro m a n old Pam pa n g o stor y -te ller .

 li
Fi pin o P opu la r Ta les . 2 15

neck wi
th her oin ta s .
l
Then she l a rg e j a r m i
w a s to p u t h i n a ,

a n d bu r y h i m a t l ea s t twen ty on e feet und er th e gr ound -

.

Th e m oth er w en t hom e ver y m uch d i s tr essed beca u se s h e

h a d a ll ow ed h er d a ug h ter to becom e eng a g ed to a d evi l She .

told P i ria n g n o t to ta lk w i th h er br i degr oom beca use she fea red ,

th a t h e w a s a d evi l Tha t n ig h t he ca m e w ith h is friend d ress ed

.

l ike h im Th e m oth er w as ver y gr a ci

. o u s to th em Th ey .

ta lked a bo u t the w edd i ng W hen th e old w om a n held up th e .

i m a g e of th e V i rg in Ma r y th e tw o m en tu rned th eir ba cks on ,

her . Sh e i m m ed i a tely w ound h er ci nt a s a r ound th e neck o f

h er d a ug h ter s br i degr oom a n d P ir ian g ca m e in w ith th e dr ied

’
,

ta i l of a s ting r a y in her r i -
g h t h a nd S h e w h ipp e d h im w it h th is
.

as h a r d a s s h e co uld
’
Th en th e two tog eth er for ced hi
. m to g et
i n to a l a rg e j a r After w a r n ing h im n ot to com e ba ck to ea r th
.

agai n the old w om a n cover ed th e j ar w ith a piece of cloth w et

,

wi th h oly w a ter Th e o ther d evil s udd enly d i

. sa ppea r ed .

Th e nex t m orn ing a g u a ch i na ng o h a ppened to pas s by th e

h ouse of th e old w om a n She ca ll ed h im in s h owed him th e .
,

j a r, a n d t o ld h i
m t o bu r y it a t l eas t tw e n ty o n e fee t d eep Wh e n -
.

h e a s ked how m u ch s he w ould p a y h i m s he p r om i sed to g i ve ,

hi m ten pesos He a g r eed : so pu tti

. ng the j a r on h i s rig
, h t
s h ould er h e set ou t , When h e r ea ched a qu iet pl a ce he hea rd
.
,

w hi s per s beh i nd h im He s topped a n d looked a round b u t

.
,

could see n oth i ng Then he p u t the j a r on th e gr ound to res t

.

a few m i nu tes Now he d iscovered th a t th e w h ispers w er e

.

co m i n g fr om ins id e the j a r He w a s ver y m u ch s u r pr i . sed .

“ “
Wh a t a r e you ? a sked th e g u a ch ina ng o Are you a .

”
m an or a d evi
, l?
“
I a m a devil m y fr i end a n swer ed th e voi
, ce ,The old .

w om a n fo r ced m e to g o i n to th is j a r B e kind to m e m y .
,
"
fr iend a n d l iber a te m e !
,

“
I s h a ll obey th e old wom a n in ord er to g et m y p a y sa id th e ,
“
g u a c h in a n g o I w ill. bu r y y o u e v e n d ee p e r th an tw e n ty on e -

"
feet .

“
If yo u w ill bu r y m e j u s t th r ee feet d eep sa id th e devil I , ,
”
wi ll g ive you a l a rg e su m of m oney .

I w ill bu r y you j u st o n e a n d a h al f feet deep if you ca n g ive ,

"
m e m u ch m on ey sa i d the g u a ch i, n a ng o .

C intas . a h o l y belt w orn by wom en .

“
See n ote 1 o n pa g u i ( s ti
ng p 43. .

s W igw a m , define d b y th e na rra tor as b

vag a on d . The w or di s us e di n C u ba
as a n i
ck n a m e for th e n a ti
ves of M ex i
co .
 2 16 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n Fol k Lor e Soci
ety -
.

I wi
ll g ive you five hund red pesos sa id the devil , Dig .

th e g r ound n ea r th e s tu m p o f th a t m a bo l o tr ee There yo u -
.

"
wi ll find th e m oney in a d ir ty bl a ck pu rse .

After th e g u a ch i n a n g o h a d bu ried th e devil h e w en t to th e ,

m a bol o tr ee a n d took the m on ey

-
Th en h e w en t to th e n ea res t
.

vi ll a g e a n d pl a yed ca s ino As soon a s he los t a ll h is m oney h e

.
,
“
r etu r n ed to th e d evi l I h a ve l ost a ll th e m oney you g a ve
.

" “ ”
me , h e sa id .I w ill n ow bur y you twen ty on e feet deep -
.

“ ”
No do n ot bur y m e so d eep a s th a t m y fr i
, end ! d th e
sa i ,
“
d evil ca l m ly I ca n g ive you twice a s m u ch m oney a s I g a ve
.

y o u b e for e Y .o u w ill find it in th e s a m e pl a ce th a t yo u fo und

”
th e oth er .

The g u a ch i
na ng o too k th e m on ey a n d w en t to th e vi
ll ag e
a g a i to
n g a m bl e A.
g a i n h e l os t H e r e
.t u r n ed t o th e d e v il and ,

a s ked h i m a ng r i ly w h y h e a lw a ys lost th e m oney h e g a ve h im .

“ ” “
I don t know a nsw ered th e devil
’
, I ha ve g iven you fifteen
.

hund r ed pesos b u t you h a ven t even a cen t n ow You oug h t

,
’
.

"
to set m e fr ee a t on ce .

“
Ah a ! I w on t let yo u g o sa id th e g u a ch ina n g o
’

, I wil l .

”
bur y you th ir ty n ine feet n ow-
.

“ "
I h a ve a pl a n in m ind s a id th e devil w h ich w ill ben efi t
, ,

y o u e x t r em e ly ; b u t b e fo r e I e x pl a in m y pl a n l et m e a s k you ,
”
if you w ould l i ke to m a r r y th e d a ug h ter of th e king .

I h a ve a gr ea t d esir e to b e king som e da y s a id the g u a ch in ,

“
a ng o ; b u t how ca n you m a ke m e th e hu s ba n d of a p r i n cess ,

w h en yo u a r e only a d evi l a n d I a m no th ing b u t a poor g u a ch in

,

”
a ng o ?

As soon as you set m e fr ee sa id th e d evil

, I w ill en ter ,

th e m o u th of th e p r i ncess a n d g o in to h er br a in s Then I .

wi ll g ive her a ver y pa inful h ea da che w h ich n o physicia n ca n

cu r e . The ki ng w ill m a ke a n a nnoun cem en t sa ying th a t h e
w ho ca n cu r e h i s d a u g h ter of h er d i sea se s h a ll m a rr y h er Wh en .

y o u h e a r th is a nn o un ce m e n t g o, to th e p a l a ce a t o n c e a n d offer ,

you r services to th e king As soon a s yo u r ea ch th e pr incess

.
,

tell m e th a t you h a ve com e a n d I w i , ll l ea ve h er im m ed ia tely .

Th e p r i n cess w ill th en r ecover her form er h ea l th a n d yo u w ill ,

b e m a r ri ed to h er Do n ot fa i
. l to g o to th e pa l a ce for I a m de ,

”
ter m i n ed to r ew a r d you fo r you r ki ndn ess to m e .

After th e g u a ch i n a n g o h a d l iber a ted the d evil h e im m ed i ,

a tely s et o u t for th e ci ty . He h a d n ot been th er e th r ee d a ys

w h en h e m et a g roup o f so ld i er s cr yi ng th a t h e w h o could cu r e
 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Folk Lor e Soci
ety -
.

Ma b a it was h t d H loo k d a t th d d ca ef lly

a m a zed a n d fri
g en e . e e e u en e r u ,

a nd w th a t i
sa t sem b l d a very m ll m a
re wi th l g h i
e d a w h ite s a n on a r an

hea rd It w . a b o u t a foo t h i gh
as I t ha d ed hit pa i f g ee . on a r s r , a r o r n

tro u g l d
sers , a
o ca p d p i f b la ck h oe
en At l t M b it a w e ed
, an a a r o s s. as a a ns r

n a trem b li g v i I d t w t t be f i d f l piit
“ ”
i
’
c n o e, vi on an o a r en o an e s r .

I a m ot vil I m d u e de
“
n e , a a n .
"

I d t k w w h t du d
on
’
no so I do t wa t t b e y
a fi d
en es a r e, n
’
n o ou r r en .

Du de e w
en l thy a d p w f l pii
s ar ts Th y c
ea p fo m m a g i n c o er u s r . e an er r .

f th em y u wi ll b e a m t f t a te m ”
I f yo th f ie d of
u a re e r n on e o , o os or u n an.

How di d y co m e i to th w ld ? a id M b it
ou n e or
”
s a a .

Lit ! Wh e L u ci
s en f w a g l n c t t i c ti g
er nim l as n an e , a o n es n r ea n a a s

a ose b etw
r hi m a d God een H d hi foll w w e e d fe ted
n d th w
. e an s o ers r e a an ro n

i to h ll M y g l i th t c t t b el g d ith Go d ide
'
n e . an an e s t n a o n es on e ne er o s s

o t L u ci f Th ey w d op p d th Th th t fell i th e
'
n r o er s . th er e r e on e ea r . ose a n

f es t b eca m ti b l iki a d m l ‘
a ant h i th l
ea b eca m e
l
or s g g e g ; o s, s, n a na na n a s se n e s s

d tho e i th ci
”
me m i rd a d m me ;
a s n er ti e b eca m nd e de an s n e s e u n s.

Ah ye ! I k w w w h t d e des
“
, s no no a u n a r e.
”

f i d hi l I y ”
Now l t p
e t f
ou r v a id t
r enh d d s
e m rea d as or e er , s e u en . a

a t a y ti m n to h l p y i yo
e de t k i g
e ou n ur u n r a n s.

F m th t ti
ro me o M b it
a d th d e d were good f i d n a Th e
a an e u n e r en s.

d e d g v M b i
u n e t tw
a e th i b l
a eve y da y a d b y th
a o or d f th e ree sa e s r , n e en o

m o th h h d sa v d m ch m
n e a ey H bo g h t a fi
e h t a d
u p a i f on . e u ne a n a r o

w ood hoe en s s.

M m wo d red h w M b it w h was v y poo co ld b y so m y

a sa a n e o a a , o er r, u u an

th i g At l t h Wh d y g et m ey ? D y tea l it? “
n s. k ed as e as , er e o ou on o ou s
“ ”
No , en d gi
m y fri ves i
t to m e .

Who is yo u r en d ?
fri
Ad u en d e.
”

Ma sa m a, i n g r ea t e n v y , w e n t to th e kin g a n d sa i d , M a s te r , M a b a it, ,

y ou r fa vori te sla ve, h a s a fr i en d T i s frien d i s a d u en d e, w i c w i b e ln . h h h ll

j u rio u s to u s if y o u le t it i
v e e re A s M a b a i t s a id , it lw i b e t h h
e m e a n s . ll
of h i s a cq u i ri n g a ll o f o u r w ea t a n d ta ki ng y
o u r da u g ter fo r h i s wilhfe
”
y h .

The k in g , i n g r ea t ra g e, su m m o n ed Ma b a i t a n d p u ni s ed h i m sever e by , h ly
b ea ti n g hi s pa m s w i t a pi l
ece o f ea t er h
T en h e o rdered hi s ser va n ts to l h . h
fin d the d u en de a n d k i i t The d u en de h i di ll
n a sm al j a r . Ma sa m a sa w it, l .

a n d covered th e m o u t of th e j a r wi t a sa i
’
h
n t s d ress The d u en de w as a h .

fr a id o f th e d ress , a n d da red n o t com e o u t O pen th e j a r , a n d wi give . I ll

y ou te n i
sa b e s ,
”
sa i d th e l
it t e m a n l l .

“
Gi ve m e the m o n e rs t yfi .

A
fter Masa a ec m r e iv ed t h e m o n e , h e w e n t a w a to t h e coc k -
pi t wi t ou t y y h
O p en i n g th e j a r O n hi s wa y t er e h e os t h i
. s m on e h
He wen t b a ck to the l y .

d u en de, a n d sa i d,
“
Fri en d , g i ve m e ten i sa b e s m ore, a n d I w i O pe n th e l ll
”
j a r.
“
It a t yo u w i c ea t m e,
k n ow h a n s w er ed th e ll h d u en de J u s t let m e .

com e ou t o f th e j a r , a n d I p r o m i
se t a t yo u s a h h ll h a ve th e p r i
n cess er e h
for yo ur wi
fe .

“
Wh a t! Will th e pr i
n cess fe?
b e m y wi
”
Yes .

Ho w ca n yo u m a k e her love m e?

See footn o te r. p . 21 7 . Sa m e a s the C u ba n i

m b eI i
na .
 l ipi
Fi no P opu la r Ta les . 2 19

I wi ll
th e p rin cess s a b do m en
en ter wi ta k , a u g , a n d do ever
’
. I ll l l h y
hn g to m a k e h er a fra i
t i d. w i n o t ea ve her for a n b od b u t yo u I
”
ll l y y .

G ood , g ood !
”
Masa m a O pen ed the j a r , a n d the d u en defl ew a wa to the y
i
’

p r n cess s to w er.

On ly few w eek s a fter t a t ti

a m e a p roc a m a ti h
on o f th e k i n g w as rea d l
in pu b li
c I t w a s as fo ows : The p ri
. ll
n cess , m y d a u g ter , h as so m et i ng h h
in h er a bd o m en I t s pea k s a n d a u g s
. No on e k n ows w a t i l h tis, a n d n o
. h
o n e ca n fo r ce i t to co m e o u t Wh
oever ca n cu re m y d a u g ter s a l b e m y
. h h l
h ei a d
r n so n -
in l
- aw
; b u t h e w ho tr i es a n d fa is s a ose h is ea d
”
l h ll l h .

Wh en Masa m a ea rd t i h
s , he sa i d to Ma b a i h
t, don t you cu re the
’
Why
p r in c ess ? Y o u a re th e o n o n e w h o c a n c u r e h ly
e r .

Do n t fl a tter m e ! a n swered Ma b a it
“ ' ”
.

“ ’
I m n o t fl a tter i n g you It i s th e d u en de, ou r fri
. en d , w h o i s in her y
a bd o m en , a n d n o o n e ca n per s u a de i t to co m e ou t b u t you So g o n ow , .

”
for fo r tu n e i s wai tin g for yo u .

l
Ma b a it w a s a t a st persu a ded , a n d so he depa r ted B efore goin g to the .

ki n g , he fi h
rs t w en t to a c u rc , a n d t ere h e p ra ed B a t a a t a t he m i h h g t y h l h h
b e s u ccess fu i n hi l
s u n der ta ki n gs en Ma b a i . Wh
t w as g o n e, Ma s a m a sa i d to
h i m se f, l“
It i s n o t for tu n e, b u t i ti s dea t , t a t i s wa iti
n g for h i m en h h . Wh
he i s dea d , s a n otI h ll
a ve a n b od to en v h ”
y y y .

A
fte s
r itt i n g fo r a b o u t a a f-
o u r , M a s a m h l h
a a so set o u t for th e p r i n l
cess s to wer , b u t h e rea c ed the pa la ce b efo re Ma b a i
’
h t T ere he to d th e . h l
ki h
n g t a t h e co u d cu r e h i l
s da u g ter He wa s con d u cted i h
n to the p ri n cess s
.
’

roo m . h
He tou c ed her a bd om en , a n d sa i d , Who a re yo u ?
“ ”

“
I
a m th e d u en d e
”
.

Why a re yo u h
t er e ?
B eca u se Iw a n t to be he r e.

Go a wa y! ”

No, w o n t I '
.

Do n t yo u k n ow m e ?
’

Yes k n ow you , I
You a re Ma sa m a , w ho c ea ted m e on ce
. Gi ve ou r h . y
hea d to th e k ing 8 0 the ex ecu ti o n er cu t Masa m a s
.
’
ea d 0 6 h .

h
T en Ma b a it ca m e, a n d to d the kin g t a t he cou d cu re th e p rin cess l h l .

A ven per m i
fter h e w a s g i ssi o n to tr y, h e sa id to the d u en de, Wh o a re yo u ?”

“
I
a m th e d u en de, o u r fr i
en d
"
y .

W ll l
i yo u p ea se com e ou t o f th e p r i n cess s a bdom en ?
’

Yes , I ll
w i , fo r the sa k e o f ou r fri en d s ip
”
h .

Ma b a it w as m a rried to the p rin cess , was crowned k in g , a n d ived a p pil l h y

wit hi h en d th e d u en de
s fri .

B efor e a ttem y th in g con cer n in g th e proven ien ce of

p tin g to d ecid e an

th ese tw o ta l es we sha ll firs t ex a m i on s o f the s tor y from o ther

n e vers i
,

pa r ts o f th e w or l d T h e n ea r es t Eu ro pea n a n a log u e tha t I a m fa m i

. l i
ar

wi th i s a n A n da l u s i
a n s tor y p r i n ted b y Ca ba l lero i n 1 866 ( I n g ra m ,

1 07 ,
“
Th e Dem on Mo th er
’
s -
i
n An o utlin e of th e c hief
l
e em en ts o f t h is ta le foll ows

Moth er H olofer n es , hl
w ie ver
i n d u s tri y n ea t a n d
ou s , w as a terr i
b e ter l
m a ga n t a n d s h r ew h
Her da u g ter P a n fila , o n the con tra r , was so a z a n d
. y l y
h
t o u g t ess , thl h h
a t on ce, w en the old wo m a n b u r n t erse f b a d b eca u se her h l ly
2 20 Mem oirs of the Am er ica n Fol k L or e Soci
-
ety .

h
d a u g ter was i s ten i l
n g to som e a ds si n gi n g o u ts i de, i n s tea d o f e pi l
n g h er hl
h
m ot er wi t th e b o ii h
n g l ye fo r w a s i l
n g , the en r a ged Mo t er H o o fer n es h h l
h
s o u ted to h er o fl s p r i ng, H ea ven g r a n t t a t you m a y m a rr the Evi O n e
'

h y l
h im se f !l ”
No t on g a fter wa r d a ri l c i tt e m a n p resen ted im se f as a h l l h l
su ito r for P a n fila s a n d
’
h
He wa s a ccep ted b y the m o t er a n d pre p a r a ti
. on s h ,

for th e m a rr i a g e wen t for w a r d Th e old w om a n owever , b eg a n to di . s i ke , h l

the s u i tor , a n d reca i ll
n g h er cu rse , s u s p ected t a t h e w a s n o n e o t er t a n
, h h h
the Devi i lh
m se f ccor di ng l
, o n th e n i
.
g A t o f th e w ed d in g s h e ly
b a d e P a n h ,

l
fila ock a ll th e wi n dows a n d d oo rs o f the r oo m , a n d t en b ea t her u sb a n d h h
wi h
t a b ra n c o f co n secra ted o ih ve So do n e l
Th e u s b a n d tried to esca pe . . h
fr om h i s wi fe b y s i pp gin t r o u g t h e k ely
-
o e ; b u t h i s mh o t er -in la w he u h l h -

tici p a t ed t is m o ve h S h e c a u g t h im in a .
g ass b o tt e , w ic s h e ih
m m edi l l h h
a tel y sea ed l
er m eti ca h lly
T en th e old a d c im b ed to the s u m m it of a
. h l y l
m ou n ta i n , a n d t er e d epos i h
ted th e b ott e i n a n o u t-oi -
t h e -w
a y p a ce Te n l l .

y ea r s th e i m p r em a i n ed t er e a p r i so n er , s u ffer i n g co d , h ea t, u n g er , l h h
h
t i rs t . O n e da y a so di er , r etu r n i n g to h i s n a til ve tow n o n ea ve, took a l
h
s or t cu t over th e m o u n ta i n , a n d sp i ed the b o tt e en he p i ck ed i t up l . Wh ,

the i m p b egg ed to b e re ea sed, a n d to d h i l

m of a ll he h a d s u ffer ed ; b u t l
th e so di l
er m a de a n u m b er o f co n d i tion s, hi s re ea se fr o m the a r m a l y ,

r -
ll
fo u do a r da i pen si ly
on , etc , a nd na th e i m p p ro m i sed to e n ter
. fi lly
the b od y
of th e d a u g ter of th e Ki n g o f Na p es h Th e so di er w as to p r e l . l
sen t ih l
m se f a t co u r t as a p sici a n , a n d d em a n d a n y rewa r d h e wihy s ed to , h
in retu r n for a cu r e So don e The k in g a ccep ted th e ser vices of the sol
. .

di er , b u t s ti p u a te d t a t if i l
n t r ee d a s h e hh a d n o t c u re d t h e p r ih
n ce ss , y
h l
h e s ou d b e a n g ed h
The so di er a ccep ted th e co n d i
. ti l
o n s ; b u t th e d em o n ,

seei h
n g t a t he h a d h i s a rr o g a n t en e m s i fe i n hi s a n d s a n d b en t o n re y l
’
h ,

ven g e, r efu sed to ea ve the b od l

o f th e p ri n cess O n the a s t da y, o wever , y . l h
the so di l
er o rd er ed a ll th e b e s r u n g O n th e dem o n s a s ki ll
n g w a t a ll the .
'
h
i
n o se w as a b ou t t h e so d i e r s a id, , a ve o d e ed
r r l ou r m o t er i - a la w
- I h y h
su m m o n ed a n d s h e h as j u s t a rri
, ved I n g r ea t ter ror the Devi a t o n ce . l
“
q u itted th e p rin cess , a n d the so dier wa s eft in victor iou s possess io n of l l
the e dfil .

ll b e
I t wi l ep isode is a lm ost iden tica l w ith the
ced
n oti tha t th e a s t
n g o f ou r s to r y l a n d the G u a chin a n g o wh ile there is a "
en d i The Devi ,

dera b le a m ou n t o f di
co n s i verg en ce b etw een th e tw o el sew here .

F or ver s i on s collected b efo re 1 860 I a m i n deb ted to B en fey s trea t

’

s cy cle
" “
m en t of th i It i s fou n d i n hi s P a n tsch a ta n tr a
. 1 : 51 9 if . .

I ta k e the l ib erty of s u m m a r iin g it in th is p la ce firs t b eca u se it is the z , ,

o n ly ex h a u s tive ha n d l i n g o f th e s tor y I k n ow of a n d secon d b eca u se , ,

B en fey s b r i ll ia n t wor k wh ile con s ta n tly r eferred to a n d qu oted h a s

’
, ,

lon g been ou t of p rin t a n d ha s n ever b een a ccess ib le in En g l ish , .

The occa s i o n for B en fey s di on o n th i cu l a r ta l e is th e

’
ss er ta ti s p a r ti

re la tion sh ip h e se es b etw ee n i
t a n d th e l a r g e fa m ily o f s to r ies tu rn i
n g
on th e m oti ve o f a m a r vell ou s cu re a rep res en ta ti ve o f w h i ch i s ,

M ra cu lo u s C u r e o f a B l i n d Ma n a
“ “
P a n tsch a ta n tra 5 : 1 2 T h e i , , ,

H u m pba ck a n d a Three b r ea s ted P r in cess

, W h ile the s tor y w e -
.
” 1

Th pi d
e e f m t l
so e o b i g ff t d b y bli d m
a u ua d l m m cu rew e n e ec e a n an an a a e an. e

ha ve a l r ea dy m et th i
wi n tw o of th e vers i
on s of o ur No 6 . .
2 22 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Folk L ore Soci
ety
- .

A Ser bi a n s tor y ( Wu k , No 37 ) i s closer to th e For ty Vezi rs .

1 001 Da ys The on ly ess en tia l di

”
versio n tha n i s th e ffer en ce is .

tha t the o pen in g o f th e Ser bia n ta l e i

s the w ell -
kn own fa blia u of the
“
Mea dow tha t was m owed ”
.

fe fa lls i
H ere the wi n to p i
t en th e u s b a n d a ttem p ts to d a
ra w her . Wh h
ou t a g a i
n , a devi a ppea rs The devi i l
s t a n k fu ; a n d to r ew a r d th e m a n ,
. l h l ,

it en ters th e b od of the em peror s d a u g ter

’
y H er e the ero a p p ea rs , n o t h . h
h
a s a n en c a n ter , b u t a s a p sici
an hy .

P ra ctica lly i den ti ca l i

s the s tor y o f The B a d W ife a n d the Devil
in Vog l , Slowen i sche V olk s m ar ch en ( W i
e n ,

I n a Fi nni s h ver s i on o f the s tor y ( B en fey, 52 4 52 5) the hero , a s i

—
n

the p reced i n g , a ss u m es the r Ole o f a p h ys i

cian .

Th e h u sba n d p us h es hi he a tte m p ts to
fe i
s b a d wi n to an ab y ss . Wh en
d ra w h er o u t a g a i n , a n o t er w om a n a p pea r s She i h
s th e P la g u e
I
O u t of . .

g r a titu de for h er i b er a ti l
on fr om t a t o t er wi ck ed w o m a n , s he p r o po ses to h h
hi h hy
m t a t t e tr a ve tog et er t ro u g l h
the wo r d : s h e, the pes t, w i m a k e h h l ll
p e o p e illl ; h e, a s p sici a n , wi cu re t emhy So do ne ll
As a r es u t the m a n h . . l
b eco m es ric h
B u t a t as t he g row s wea r of hi
. l ve w or k : so b e p r o
s ex cess i y
cu res a sn a ppi s dog , a n d p u ts ih ti n a sa ck The n ex t tim e h e is ca ed to the . ll
si de of a per son m a de si ck b y the p es t, h e sa s to h er , E n ter u m a n b ein g s y h
n o m ore : i f you do , wi i b er a te fro m t i I ll l
s sa ck th e wo m a n t a t tor m e n ted h h
you i n the a b ss ,
"
y
a t th e sa m e ti me i rr i
ta tin g the do g so t a t i t g row s h l .

l ll
Th e P a g u e, fu o f terror , b eg s h im for God s sa k e n o t to set th e wo m a n
'

fr ee, a n d p rom i ses to r efor m .

I t will b e seen tha t in its m ethod of the s ick n ess a n d the cu r e th is ,

s tor y is rel a ted to G r i

“
m m , No 44 , Godfa ther Dea th , where Dea th .

tak es the p la ce o f th e P l a g u e, a n d w here , i tu de , th e

n s tea d o f g r a ti

m oti s the g od a t er re a ti
ve i on s f h l h ip o f Dea th tow a rd th e hero .

s fo l k
Th i l sa ys B en fey (p
-
ta e, w as ea r ly p u t i n to l itera r y for m .

in Eu ro p e Am on g others h e cites Ma chia vell is ex cellen t vers ion

.
,
’

s s tor y o f B elfa g o r (ea r ly s ix teen th cen tu r y )

”
in hi .

B elf g d vi
a l i t to th b y hi m t t l iv
or , a e , s se n m id m ea r s a s er o e as a a rr e an

for t y en t w h th
ea r s , c t i a cc
o s ee ti m d ag i t w m
e er by
er a n u sa on s a e a ns o en

l i h ll a tr
so u s n e la d re B lfa g m
u e or i i Fl s ; b t
n ero u s . e or a rr es n o r en ce u

hi i smp i wif ca
er o u s him m ch ha d f t
e u sesth t h e i m pell d so u or u n e, a s co e

t fl
o f m h i c ed i
ee ro t A pea a t c c l him
s r d u t f g ti
o rs . t de s n o n ea s , an o o ra u

B elf g a t ll s h i
or ce hi t y s d p mi
res u er t m k hi m ih b y
s s or , an ro ses o a e r c

p os es i g w m
s s n d ll w i g h i
o m l f to b e d iv
en a n at o ly b y th p n t se r en o u on e ea sa n

him lf So d
se . Th pea a t wi g e t
o n e. w ; e d a t l t B lf g s n ns r a r en o n an as e a or

sa y th t hi ob lig ti h v b f lfilled a d th t th pea t m t l k

s a s a on s a e ee n u , n a e sa n us oo

o ut f h im self if th y m t a g i Th devil w e t th d g h t f
or e ee a n. e no n er s e au er o

L dwi
u g II K i g f F , c e Th pne a a t
o i m m ra n d t c e .h b u t i e s n s su on e o ur er , s

It m y b t d i p
a i g th t m
e no e g t. i f nth T g l
a ss n g th p t.l
i a a on cer a n o e a a o s e es en ce

( h l
c o era p ti l ly) i p ar fi d
i
cu a r ld w m d d i bl k w h g b t th
s erson e as a n o o an r esse n ac , o oes a ou e

t w
o t i
n a g ht k n ki g f d m itt n ocIf y n p y tt
or a ti t h m th
a n ce. an one a s a en on o er s u m on s . e

lt i f t l t hi
r esu s m a aTh i vil p iit i k w
o . l t s e s r s no n as s a u .
a fra i
d , a n d r efu ses . i At las t h
s com pel ed to g o, li k e th e p si
e cia n , a ga i
n st l hy
hi ll
s w i ( see B en fey, 51 5 B elfa g or r a g es w en he sees the pea sa n t, h
h
a n d t rea ten s h i m ve em en t h ly
At a s t th e pea sa n t em p o ys the u s u a l
. l l
tri ck :
“ ”
You r wife is co m in g ! a n d the devi fl ees in con s tern a tion , c oosin g l h
h
r a t er to r u s h
b a ck to el t a n i h l h s wi
n to th e a r m s o f h i fe .

B en fey con s i
d ers a B ohem i
anWen zig s collection (West s tor y i
n
’

s l a wi
sche Mar chen Lei p gzi ,1 8 57 p 1 6 7) to b e
, th e bes t o f a,ll th.e p o p u

la r vers ion s b el o n g i
n g to th i s g ro u p a n d he reprod u ces i t i n fu ll
,

( pp 5 7
. 2 T h i
s l o n g s to r y w e m a yp a s s o v er s i
n ce it co n ta ins n o ,

n ew fea tu r es th a t a re fou n d i n ou r s tor y I n fa ct i t little resem bles .

,

ou rs or a n y of th e o th er s ex ce p t i n g en er a l i
, n two o r three ep i sodes .

B en fey con cl u des h i s di scu ss i o n o f th i s cycl e by s ta ti n g tha t there

h a ve b een m a n y other i mi ta ti on s o f thi s ta le a n d h e m en ti on s som e ,

o f thes e ( p .I t m a y b e a dded tha t fu r ther referen ces wi ll b e

fo u n d i
n W ilson s n ote in
hi
’
s edi tion o f Du n lo p , 2 1 8 8 1 90 —
.

The qu es ti on o f the or ig i
n o f th e P a m p a n g o ver s i
o n o f th i
s s to r y is

n o t ea sy to a n sw er defin itely , for the rea s on tha t i t pr es en ts deta i ls n o t

fou n d i n a n y o f th e o th er va r i a n ts H ow ever , sin ce n ea r ly a ll the .

m ac h in er y o f o u r s tor y tu rn s on th e tea ch i
C hu rch ,
n gs of th e R om an

a n d si n ce th e den ou em en t i s p r a ctica l ly i den ti ca l w i th the en di n g of

Ca b a ller o s A n da l u s i a n s tor y , I con cl u de th a t i n ou tl i

’
n i ts m a i nes

ou r vers i on w a s d er i ved fro m Spa i n At the sa m e ti m e, I th i . nk i t

l ik ely tha t the fa ir y ta le of Ma b a it a n d th e Du en de w as a lrea dy
“ -
”

ex i s ten t ea r l i
er i n th e I s la n ds ( tho u g h th i s too , m a y ha ve b een i m ,

p o r te d ) a n,d th a t th e m o tiv a tio n o f t h e s p ir it

’
s d e s i
r e to re v en g e h i
m
sel f o n hi s to rrn en to r fo r h i s a va r i ce a n d g r eed was i n cor p ora ted i n to th e

Marchen from th e fa ir y ta le My r ea so n s for th in k in g the fa ir y ta le

-
.
-

the o ld er a r e : ( 1 ) i ts cru den ess ( th e good a n d th e b a d hero a re a very

a w k w a r d devi ce com pa red w i th th e com b i n a tion o f q u a l i ties i n the

g u a c h in a n g ) ( )
o ; 2 its lo c a l refe ren c es a n d its n a tiv e n a m es ; (3) i
t s

u se o f n a ti
ve s u per s ti
tion s a n d b el i
efs .

25 UAN SADU T
‘
.
J .

Ma ny yea r s a g o th ere l ived a cer ta in old coupl e w ho h a d a n

only son Ju a n for th a t w a s th e boy s na m e w a s known
.
,
’
,

th ro u g ho u t th e vi ll a g e a s a n idl er a n d for this rea son h e w a s ,

ca ll ed Ju a n Sa d u t He h a d n o l i
. kin g for a n y kind of w or k ; in
fa ct his co n tem p t for a ll w or k w a s so gr ea t th a t he n ever even
, ,

helped h i s fa th er or m o th er .

O n e da y h i s fa th er took h i m to th e fi eld s to h a ve h i m help

h a r ves t th eir cr o p s ; b u t i n s tea d o f g oing to w or k Ju a n betoo k
, ,

hi m self to a s h a dy s po t on th e edg e of th e field a n d fell a s l eep , .

N t d by Nic l s Z f
a rra e Il c
o a f m S F d L U i Th e to y
a ra . a n o an o ro an erna n o. a n on . s r

i
s very po p u lar a m on g the co u n try p eo p le a bou t Sa n F er na n d o. he rep orts .
Hi
s fa th er w h o w a s
, u ch en r a g ed by th is condu ct of h is
ver y m
son d eter m i
, ned then a n d th er e to d is pose of h im He ca rr i ed .

th e s l eepi ng b oy to a nother p ar t of th e field a n d l a id h im dow n ,

j ust bes ide a l a rg e s n a ke hol e He ex pected th a t th e sna ke

-
. ,

w h en i t ca m e ou t o f i ts h ol e w ould s ti ng th e s leeping idl er

, ,

w h o w ould thu s b e d i s posed o f qu i etly .

Wh en Ju a n a wo ke h e found a l a rg e sn a ke coiled n ea r h im
,
.

In h is fr ig h t h e s pr a ng to h is feet to ru n a w a y ; b u t th e s na ke
,

looked up a t h i m s ym pa th eti ca lly a n d th en beg a n to s pea k ,

“
Wh y do you fea r m e ? Don t you know th a t I a m th e kin g ’

o f th e s n a kes ? I a m g oing to g ive yo u a w on der ful g ift tha t

”
wi ll m a ke you h a ppy forever ; a n d h a ving sa id th is it dr opped ,

a g old r i ng on th e g round a n d ba de Jua n p ick it up a n d w ea r

,

i t on h i s fin g er Th e r i n g w a s of pu r e g o ld
. an d it h a d on i t ,

i ni tia ls th a t Ju a n could n ot unders ta nd Keep th a t r i ng .

ca r efully for i
, t wi ll b e o f gr ea t u se to you sa id th e sn a ke , .

“
Co n s ul t it for a nyth i ng you w a n t a n d it w ill a dvise you h ow ,
”
to pr oceed to o b ta i n th e o bj ect of you r des ir e .

After th a nki ng th e sn a ke for its g ift Jua n set ou t on h is ,

tr a vel s. He n ever w or r i ed a bou t h i s food f r om d a y to d a y ,

for fr om h i s m ag i c ri ng h e co uld g et a n yth ing he n eed ed .

In h is w a nder ing s w or d rea ched Ju a n s ea rs th a t th e king o f

,
’

th a t coun tr y w o uld g i ve h i s bea u ti ful d a ug h ter to a n y on e w ho

could fulfil th r ee cond i tions Ju a n w a s th r ill ed w ith j oy on
.

h ea ring th is new s for h e w a s s u r e th a t he w ould b e th e su ccessfu l

,

com peti tor for th e h a nd o f th e p r i n cess Wh en h e presen ted .

hi m self befor e th e cou r t h i s s l ovenly a ppea r a n ce a n d a w kw a r d

,

m ovem en ts only ex ci ted l a u g h ter a n d m i r th a m on g th e n obl es .

“ ”
Wh a t ch a n ce h a ve you o f w inni n g th e pr i z e ? th ey a s ked h i m
in d er i sion .

Let m e know th e cond i ti on s a n d ti m e wi ll s how sa id Ju a n

, , .

You m u s t fulfil th r ee cond i on s befor e I g i

ti ve m y d a u g h ter
" “
to you , sa id th e king Fi rs t you m u s t fig h t w i
. th m y ti g er, ,

a n d ki ll it if you ca n ; second you m u s t g o g et a n d br ing ba ck

,

to m e th e bu r n i ng ston e th a t th e d ra g on in th e m oun ta in s h as
in i ts po ssess i o n ; th ir d you m u s t a n sw er corr ectly a qu es ti
, on
”
th a t I s h a ll a s k you .

“ ”
Ver y w ell sa id Ju a n a s h e tu rned to g o I w ill do a ll yo u
, ,

r equ i re o f m e Now m a ny a young m a n h a d r i

. , s ked h is li fe
for th e h a nd of the bea u ti ful pr in cess ; b u t n o on e h a d yet
nn ing even th e first con test Th e king s tig er
’
su cceed ed i n wi .
 226 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n Fol k Lor e Soci
-
ety .

Jua n n ow presen ted him self before th e kin g a n d h is cour t to

“
per for m th e th ird a n d l a s t tas k Wh a t a m I th inking a bo u t
.

"
n ow ? a s ked th e ki ng .

J u a n a ppea red to h esita te a m om en t b u t h e w a s r ea lly con ,

“
su lti n g hi s ri ng The r ing sa id to h im
. Th e ki n g ha s i
n m i nd ,

th e a ss ur a n ce th a t you w i ll riot b e a bl e to a n swer h i s ques tion .

Th en l ooki ng up Jua n a n sw ered th e ki n g s qu es ti

’
, on i n th e

p re c ise w o r d s o f th e r i
n g a n d thu s a n sw er,ed it corr ectly .

As ton i s hed a t th e w onder ful pow er o f Ju a n the ki ng g a ve h is ,

d a u g h ter to h i m ; a n d w h en h e d i ed th e youn g coupl e i nher ited ,

th e cr ow n of th e ki n g d om .

NO TES .

I k n ow of n o llels to th is s tory a s a whole I n its sepa ra te in

p a r a .

ciden ts i tis re m iniscen t o f oth er ta le s ; and i n i n o u tl i

ts m a i n e from th e ,

p oin t w h ere th e h ero s ets o u t to see k a dv en tu res w i

th t h e h el p o f h i
s

ve b el on gs to the de W a ger gro u p

“ ”
m a gic ri n g th e n a r ra ti
, B ri In .

thi s g ro u p Vo n H a h n di s ti
ngu i s hes a t lea s t tw o typ es ( 1 : 54 Nos 2 3 , .

and n th e o n e , th e
i hi hero bets
s hea d a g a i
n s t the b ride , a n d wi ns

b y per for m i
n g di
fli n th e other , he w i
cu lt ta s k s ; i n s by a n sw er i
ng ri dd les .

I n ou r s tory there is n o form a l s ta k i n g of h is he s d by th e hero , b u t

u n der taki n g th e firs t tw o tas k s a m ou n ts to th e s a m e th i ng The .

th ir d tas k , i
t wi ll b e n oticed , is the a n sw erin g of a difl icu lt qu es tion ,
whi ch in a w a y con n ects ou r s tor y w i th Von H a h n s seco n d type
’
.

Th e two di n cti
s ti ve fea tu res i n ou r s tor y a re th e i
n tro d u cti
on a n d

th e firs t tas k Th e cr u el ty d i
s p l a yed b y th e hero s fa ther i
’
. s n ot u n

u su a l i
n fol k - l s m ethod
ta es , b u t h i hi
s son i s The
of g ettin g r i
d o f .

b en evolen ce o f th e s n a k e wh i
ch i
s n o t m o ti,va ted a t a ll m a y b e a t ,

b ottom con n ected w i th som e su ch m or a l i

zin g tr a d i
tion a s is fou n d i n

The Stor y o f the Thr ee B ra hm i y

“ ”
Som a deva , n B r o thers (T a w n e ,

1 where tw o o lder brothers , i

n or der to g et r i
d o f the you n gest ,

w h o h as b een l
b y thei r wi
s a n dered ves P o tip h a r s w if e s itu a tio n ),
’ ”

o rd er h i
m to d ig pu a n a n t h ll
i i
n w h i
ch l i
v es a
-
v e n o m o u s s n a k e B e .

ca u se o ih i r tu e , however , h e fin ds a p i
s vi tcher filled w i th g old ! Ther e
i
s n oth in g else in th is s tor y wh ich even in the rem otes t wa y su gg es ts
o u rs .W h ile B en fey ( 1 : 2 1 4 2 1 5 n ote) has show n tha t the co n cep tio n
—
,

o f th e s n a k e j ew el i
-
s essen ti a lly I n d i
an a n d th e b el i ef i n o n e for m
,

or a n oth er i s wi des prea d i n th e P h i l ip p in es h e a lso shows tha t i , t

w as held i n Eu ro pe even i n cl a ss i
ca l ti
m es ; a n d a s ever y o n e k n ows the , ,

ides i s a com m o n p la ce i n fol k l ore O b vi o u sly n o th i

-
n g ca n b e co n
.

cl u ded as to th e or i g i
n o f o u r s tor y f ro m t h i
s d e ta l
i a lo n e T h e fir s t .

tas k wh i
, ch i s per for m ed w i thou t s u per n a tu ra l a i d thou g h th e hero ,

as k s hi n g for a dvi
s ri ti
ce , m a y b e a rem n a n t o f tr a d i on ; i t i
f so , i s of

I n dia n or Ma la ya n tra d ition , n ot P hil ippin e, for the tiger is n ot fou n d

i
n th e I sla n ds .
 2 6. AN A CT O F KI NDN Ess .
l

Ea r ly on e m or n i
ng Andr es w en t ou t to buy five cen ts w or th
’

of r i
ce. On hi s w a y h e ca m e a cr oss a m a n w h o w as a bo u t to
“ ’ ”
kill a s m a ll s n a ke P l ea se d on t ki
. ll th e poor crea tu re !
“
sa i d And r es Did i t h a r m you ?
.

“ " “
No a n sw er ed th e m a n
, bu t i t m a y bi te u s or so m e oth er
,
”
passer b y a n d he a g a in d rew ou t h is bol o ; b u t And r es re
-
,
”
s tr a i
ned h im Wh a t do you w a n t th is sn a ke for ? sa id th e
.

m er ci l ess m a n .

“ ”
t a l on e for pi ty s sa ke ! cr i ed And r es
’
Lea ve i , H er e a r e .

”
five cen ts ! Don t i nju r e th e h a r m l ess cr ea tu r e !
’

The m a n ver y g l a d to g et th e m on ey di
, d n ot sa y a w or d , ,

a n d w en t a w a y After th e m a n w a s g on e th e s n a ke sa i
. d to ,

Andres Ki nd friend com e h om e with m e There you w ill

, , .

find ou r hug e ch ief sn a ke a n d m a ny oth ers l ike m yself B u t , .

d on t fea r a nyth ing ! Tr u s t m e for I w ill n ever l ea d you in to

’
,

d a n g er Wh en w e r ea ch ou r d w ell ing I w ill recom m end you

. ,

to ou r ch i ef He w ill b e h a rs h to you a t first since you a r e a

.
,

s tr a n g er ; b u t n ever m i nd th a t ! Wh en h e a s ks you w h a t you

w a n t as k h i
, m to g i ve you h i s r ed cl oth Th is en ch a n ted .

"
cloth ca n s upply yo u w i
o
th w h a tever you w a n t So th e two .

frien d s sta r ted for th e horr ibl e sn a ke ca ve -

.

“
Who is th a t s tr a ng er with you a m u r d er er or a r obber ? , ,

h issed th e ch ief a s soon a s the s n a ke a n d Andres en tered

“
He i s n ei th er of th e two r epl i
ed th e s n a ke P l ea se, .

d on t do a b it of h ar m to h im ! Ha d it n ot been for h im m y
'

l ife w ould h a ve been los t He r escued m e fr om th e h a nds of .

"
a cr u el p er so n w h o found m e cr eep i ng th roug h th e gr a ss .

“ ”
Well sa id th e ch ief to A ndr es w ha t r ew a r d do you w a n t
, ,
"
m e to g i
ve yo u ?
“
O nly you r r ed cl oth , a n d noth i n g el se, a nsw er ed And r es .

Th e ch i ef h es i ta ted for a m o m en t Th en he w en t i n to a .

ver y d a r k cell , a n d g o t ou t th e r ed cl oth He retu rn ed w ith it, .

“
d to An d r es , Since you h a ve sa ved th e l ife of on e of
a n d sa i

ou r nu m ber , I g i ve yo u th i s cl o th a s a r ew a r d You ca n a s k of .

"
i
t n yth ing you w a n t
a .

And r es th a nked th e ch i ef a n d w en t a w a y I t w a s n ow ten

, .

“
o cl ock a n d h e h a d n o t yet bo u g h t r i ce for br ea kfa s t
’

, P oor .

”
m other ! s h e m u s t b e ver y hung r y And r es h i m self fel t .

h ung r y so h e a s ked th e r ed cl o th to bri

, ng him food Soon a .

Na rra ted by Pa cita C ordero a Tag a log f om P ag sa n ja n L a l a m “ . r . .

 Mem oirs of the A m er i
c a n Fol k -Lore
Soci
ety .

brea kfa s t r ich er th a n th e ord ina r y ones h e w a s a ccu sto m ed to

, ,

w a s s pr ea d before hi m H a ving ea ten h i s h ea r ty m ea l und er

.

th e s h a de of a tr ee he r es um ed hi s j o u rn ey h om ew a r d
, He h a d .

y et sev e r a l m il es to g o .

After a few h ou rs w a l k h e a g a i n beca m e hung r y He w en t

’
.

to a b u t a n d a s ked th e old w om a n th ere i f he m i g h t ea t i n h er

h o u se. He sa i d th a t he h a d br oug h t h is ow n food w ith h im .

Th e old w om a n i nvited him in a n d And res a s ked h is r ed cloth ,

for food . In a n insta n t a fin e lun cheon w a s befor e th em .

And r es i nvited th e old w om a n to ea t w ith h im w h ich she ,

wi ll ing ly did She l iked th e food so ver y m u ch th a t s he a s ked

.
,

And r es to let her h a ve h i s w ond er ful r ed cl oth Sh e sa id G ive .

,

m e th i s cloth a n d I w i
, ll let you h a ve m y two s to nes in ex ch a ng e .

Wh en you w a n t to g et r id of person s w h o a nnoy you j us t tell ,

th ese tw o ston es w h ere to g o a n d th ey w i ll inflict h ea vy bl ow s ,

”
o n th e evi l doers
-
And r es a g r eed to th e ex ch a n g e
. .

He pr oceed ed on h i s w a y ta ki ng with h im th e tw o s to nes , .

Ti r ed a n d ex h a u s ted fr om h i s l ong j o u rn ey And r es a g a i n beg an ,

to feel hun gr y Now w h a t w ould becom e of h i

. m ? Hi s r ed

cl oth w a s g one a n d h e h a d n o th i
, ng to ea t For tuna tely h e .

sa w a n o th er b u t by th e r o a d si de He w en t to it a n d eas ily .
,

g a in ed a d m itt a n ce T h e w itc h th
. e o nly p erso n in th e c o tt a g e , ,

h a d j u s t fin i s h ed her d i nner She h a d noth in g l eft to g ive th e .

s ta r vi ng b oy And r es th en sa id to h i
. s s to n es Go to you r ,

for m er m i s tr ess the o ld w om a n a n d tell h er th a t I ta ke ba ck

, ,

m y r ed cloth If s he r efu ses to g ive it to you do w h a t you

.
,
”
th i nk i t bes t to do .

Th e two s to nes w en t ba ck to the h u t Th er e th ey fo und .

th e o ld w o m a n ea ti ng “
We h a ve com e h er e they s a id to
.
“
, ,

ta ke th e r ed cl oth a w a y fro m yo u O u r m a ster th e b oy w h o .

,
”
w a s h er e th i s a f ter n oo n w a n ts i t ba ck a g a in ,Th e o ld w om a n .

r efu sed to g i ve up th e clo th so th e s to n es s tr u ck h er w i th ,

h ea vy blow s un til s h e fell dow n sensel ess on th e floo r Th en th e .

s ton es r o ll ed th em sel ves i n th e red cloth a n d h a s ten ed b a ck to

th ei r m a s ter w i th i t And r es s prea d i. t ou t a n d a te h i s di nn er .

He a s ked for a n ex tr a or d i na r y br ea kfas t besid es Th en h e .

“
sa id to the w itch Yo u n eed n ot pr epa r e a ny th i
, n g for you r
brea kfa s t to m orrow H ere is a g ood m ea l th a t I h a ve a s ked
-
.

m y r ed cl o th to g i ve to you you h a ve been so ki nd in l etting m e

,

”
co m e to you r h u t Th e w i .tch w a s ver y g l a d a n d th a nked th e ,

b oy . Sh e sa i d to h i m B oy I h a ve here two m a g i
, c ca n es w h i
, ch
230 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk L ore Soci
ety -
.

ha ve a lrea dy discu ssed two va r ia n ts of this cycle in No 1 0 ; b u t as .

,

ha s been poi n ted ou t in th e n otes to those s tor i es th e m os t ch a r a c ,

ter i
stic beg inni ng is la ckin g ther e I n m os t o f th e m em bers o f th e .

“
Ma g ic Rin g g rou p the kin d hea r ted hero s pen ds a ll h is m on ey
”
,
-

to ra n som from dea th cer ta i n a ni m a ls in cl udin g a s n a k e w hi

ch i n ,

vites hi m to th e hom e of its fa ther a n d th en tel ls h i

m w ha t to as k for , .

But i
n ou r p ly th e sn a k e is sa ved ; th e recom pen se is a
resen t s tor y, o n

c wi
m a gi n g cloth tha t ca n do on ly o n e th i
sh i - n g n o t a s ton e or r i
ng ,

tha t fu l fils a n y com m a n d ; a n d as i

n th e cas e a bove o f th e La n g u a g e o f
An im a ls
”
l
cyc e, so her e, fro m th i s poin t o n , ou r stor is en tire dif y ly
fer on t from the Ma gic Rin g g roup a n d a tta ches itsel f to still
“ ”
,

ly of ta les Th is for wa n t of a better title m a y b e ca ll ed

a n o ther fa m i .
, ,

th e Kn a ps a ck Ha t a n d Horn , cycle I u se th i
, s n a m e m erely .

beca u se the m ost fa m ilia r m em b er of tha t fa m ily (G r im m No 54) , .

bea rs it .

I n G ri y
m m , No 54 , the ou n ges t of t r ee po ver t -s tr i
. h
ck en b r o t ers w ho set y h
o u t to seek t ei h
r for tu n es n ds a fi
tt e ta b e-clo th , w i
i l l
c , w en s p r ea d l h h h
l
o u t a n d to d to cover i ts e f, in s ta n t l
b ecom es covered w i ly
t c oi ce food h h .

Not yet sa ti s ed wi fit hi h l
s u ck , he ta k es the c oth a n d con ti n u es h i s w a n der l
ing . O e
n n ig t h e h
m eet s a c a r coa -b
u rn e r w h o hi
s alb o u t t o m a k e h i
s

m ea l o fl po ta toes . y
The o u t in vites the m a n to ea t w i h t him Th e h .

h l
c a r coa b u r n er , t i
- nki h
n g th e c o t l h
j u st w a t he n eed s in his so itu de, h l
o ffers to tra de fo r i t a n old k n a psa ck , fro m w i c , w en ever i t is ta p ped , h h h
o u t j u m p a co r pora a n d s i x so d ilers to do w a tever t e l a re o r dered to d o h hy .

h
Th e ex c a n g e i s m a de y h
The ou t tr a ve s o n , ta p s th e k n a p sa ck a n d
. l ,

or der s th e so di l
ers to b r i ng h i the i n g cl o t t a t the c a r coa b u r n er
m w s i - h h h h l -

ha s . I t i
n h
s sa m e w h
ay t e ou t a ir r yh
cq u es f o m t o o t e c
w r a r coa -
b u r n er s h h l
s u ccessi ve ly
a m a gi c ha t w i c s oo ts o fl a r ti erh h h a n d des tro s the ow n er s ll y y ’

en em i es , a n d a m a gi c b or n a b a s t fr o m w i c l
t r ow s dow n w a s , for ti h h h
fica ll
ti on s , a n d h
ou ses B y m ea n s of t ese a r ti
. c es th e er o na h wi l
n s th e h fi lly
h
k in g s da u g ter to w i
’
fe, a n d b ecom es r u er F u r t er a d ven tu res fo ow l . h ll
h
w en the w i fe tri es , b u t w i t o u t u ti h l
m a te s u ccess , to s tea h i s tr ea s u res fr o m l
hi m .

The m a gi l n th i
c es a r e n o t a t a ll co n s ta n t
c a r ti i s cycl e , as m a y b e

seen from a n ex a m i n a tio n o f B o l te P o l lvk a s va r i

a n ts ( 1 : 4 67
’
-

b u t m os t o f the l i
s ts in cl ude th e w ishi n g clo th a n d a r ticles in th e n a tu re -

o f w ea po n s or sol di ers for o ffen s i ve p ur pose s A com pa r ison of ou r .

s tor y w ith th i s for m ul a d i scloses a n u n do u bted r el a ti on sh i p b etw ee n

the tw o . Th e hero l tr a des hi sh i

s wi n g c o th
for tw o fig h ti n g s ton es -
,

w hi ch h e l a ter sen ds ba ck to fetch th e cloth He then a cq u i s tw o

re .

m agi c ca n es (b u t n ot by tr i ck er y th i
s ti m e) La ter w hen h e b e .
,

com es a n obj ect o f en vy a n d a n a ttem p t i s m a de b y a r i

, ch n eig h b or to

s tea l his wea l th (corr es pon di n g to th e en vy o f th e k i ng) th e m a g i c ,

ll a ll h is op pon en ts Com pa re the Ta g a log va r ia n t

s ton es a n d ca n es k i .

in th e n otes to th e follow i n g ta le ( No .
 Fi
lipino P opu la r Ta les . 231

Th e ex y a r ticles a re foun d as m a chin er y in other P hil ippin e

traordi
nar

s tor i
es , n th e a b ove seq uen ce a
thou g h n ot i ta ble s prea d yoursel f . ,

an d a m agi
c ca n e occ r u n No
i . 2 7 ; a m a gi
c gui
ta r , n No
i . 28 ; a m a gi
c

bu yo, ca n e, p u rse , ain No 35

n d Com pa re a lso th e m a g i
u i
g ta r , c . .

cles i
a r ti ou s for m s of No 1 2
n th e va r i I k n ow of n o other occu rren ce . .

in fo l k ta les o f tw o fig h ti
-
n g s ton es Th i s deta i l soun ds ver y pr im itive . .

It m i g h t b e co m pa red w ith th e m a g i
c h ea l i
n g s ton es
”
i
n N o 1 2 .

(b) , Three B ro thers of For tu ne, thoug h th e tw o obj ects a re wholly

“ ”

diss i
mila r i
n power .

As a w hole, whi le ou r s tor y is rem in iscen t of a t leas t three difl er en t

cycles of ta les , i
t n ever theless does n ot soun d li k e a m odern b i t of

p a tc hwor k
, b u t a pp ea rs to b e o ld ; h ow o ld , I a m un a b l e t o s a y T h e .

s son a b le pa r t of ou r n arra ti
m os t u n re ve i s th e fa ct tha t th e hero

shou l d fin d h i m sel f so m a n y m i les fro m hom e w hen goin g to b u y five

cen ts w or th o f r i I t m u s t b e su pposed tha t th e tr i h k
’
ce .
p to t e s n a e

ca ve occu p i ed m uch m ore ti m e than i t a ppea rs i n th e s tor y to ha ve

ta k en .

27 . THE I NDO LENT H U SB AND .

l

Ma ny hund r eds of yea rs a g o th ere l ived in th e iso l a ted villa g e

of H i g n a r o y a poo r c o upl e w h o h a d m a ny ch ild r e n to c a r e fo r .

B a r ba r a th e w i ,fe w as a n industrious b u t s h rewis h w om a n

, .

Sh e w or ked a ll da y i n a fa ctor y to s uppor t h er m a ny ch i ld ren .

Th e hu sba nd Alej o on th e oth er h a nd i

, , dl ed a w a y h is tim e , .

He ei th er a te or d r a nk or s l ept a ll th e ti
, m e hi s wi, fe w as a w a y a t
w or k In th e cou r se of tim e B a r ba r a n a tura lly beca m e dis
.

i i i h
’
g u s ted w t h h er hu s b a nd s nd o l en c e ; a n d ev er y t m e s e ca m e

hom e s he w ould r ail a t h im a n d a ssa il h im w ith h ot in so len t

, ,

w or d s ta x i ng h im with n ot doing a nyth ing an d with ca r ing noth

, ,

in g a b o u t w h a t w as g oi ng on in th e house : for on h er return ,

hom e in th e even ing s h e w ould a l w a ys find h im as leep ; w h il e

,

th e fl oor w o uld a l w a ys b e s trew n w i th ch a i rs ben ch es an d , ,

pictu r es w h ich th e ch ildren h a d l eft in a d isor der ly w a y a fter

,

pla ying .

Al ej o seem ed to ta ke n o h eed of w h a t s h e sa i d ; h e beca m e

m or e s lug g i sh a n d ha d n o m i
, nd for a nyth ing b u t s leeping a ll
da y . Wh a t w a s w or se w a s th a t h e w ould ea t s u ch b ig m ea l s
, ,

th a t h e l eft b u t l i ttl e food for h i s wi fe a n d ch ild ren B a r ba r a s '

.

a n g er an d i m pa ti en ce g r ew so s tr ong tha t sh e n o l ong er u sed ,

w ord s a s a m ea n s to refor m h er hu s ba nd She w ould ki ck h i m .

as h e la y l a zi ly on h is b ed a n d w ould even w h ip h im l ike a ,

1 N t d by G g i F d o a B ic l from Tig a o Ca m a i w h h rd th e
a rra e re or o ron os . o n. r n es . o ea

stor y a h e wa s a sm a l l b oy . O ne of th e s er va n ts tol d it t o hi
m .
 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk Lore Soci
ety -
.

ch ild F ina lly th e th oug h t of lea ving hom e ca m e in to h is h ea d

.

h e d eter m i n ed to tr a vel to som e d ista nt l a nd pa r tly w ith th e ,

pur pose of g etting a w a y fro m h is wife w h o w a s a l w a ys in ter ,

fer i n g wi th h i s ea se a n d p a r tly w i th th e pu r pose of see ki

, ng h is
for tune .

O n e da y h e set ou t on a l ong j ou r n ey w a nd er i ng th roug h ,

w ood s over h i
, ll s a n d a l ong th e ba nks of r iver s w h er e n o hu m a n
, ,

crea tu r e co uld b e seen After r oa m i ng a b ou t a l ong tim e h e

.
,

beca m e tir ed a n d la y dow n to r est in th e s h a d e of a tr ee nea r

,

th e ba nk of a r i ver Wh ile h e w a s l isten ing to th e m el od iou s

.

so und s of th e b i r d s a n d th e s w eet m u r m u r o f th e w a ter an d ,

w a s m ed i ta ti ng on h is w r etch ed cond ition a n old hu m pba ck ,

“
ca m e upon h i m a n d a dd r essed h i , m i n th i s m a nn er : Wh a t is
th e m a tter m y fr i , end ? Why do yo u l oo k so sa d ?
“ ” “
I a m in g rea t troubl e sa id Alej o I will tell you a ll a bou t
, .

it . I a m m a rried an d h a ve m a ny ch ild r en to s uppor t ; b u t I

,

a m poor I h a ve been idl ing a w a y m y tim e a n d m y w ife h as

.
,

been kicking a n d w h ipp ing m e l ike a ch ild for n ot doing a n y

"
th i ng a ll d a y So I h a ve fin a lly l eft h om e to seek m y for tune
. .

“ ” “
Don t b e worr ied m y son ! sa id th e o ld m a n
’
, H er e .
,

ta ke th i s pu rse ! I t h as n oth i ng in it ; b u t if you need m on ey ,

‘
a t a n y ti m e j u s t s a y th ese w or d s Sopot n a u a so pot !
’
1 -
, , ,
"
an d i t wi ll g ive you m o ney .

Al ej o w a s ver y g l a d to h a ve found h i s fo r tun e so qu i ckly He .

too k th e pu r se fr om th e o ld m a n a n d a fter th a nki ng h im for , ,

it s ta r ted for h i
, s h om e w i th l i vely s p i ri ts Soo n h e r ea ch ed th e .

vi ll a g e B efore g oing h om e h ow ever h e w en t to th e h ou se of

.
, ,

hi s com pa d r e a n d com a d r e
‘
a
a n d r el a ted to th em w h a t h e h a d
,

fo und Th ey en ter ta ined h im w ell ; th ey d r a nk a n d sa n g

. .

Wh il e th ey a ll w ere feel in g in g ood s pir its Alej o took ou t h is ,

n ra g i c pu rse to tes t i t befor e h i s fr iend s .

“
Fr i end s sa i d Al ej o n ow som ew h a t d r unk
, , w a tch m y ,
" “
pu r se ! a t th e sa m e tim e pr onoun cing the w or d s Sopot u a n a ,
-

”
so pot ! Th en s how er s o f s i l ver coin s d ro pped on th e floo r .

Wh en the co upl e sa w th is w ond er th ey thoug h t a t on ce th a t ,

th ei r fr iend w a s a m a g i cian They coveted th e pu r se So th e y . .

a m u sed Al ej o g a ve h i m g l a s s a fter g l a ss of w i
, ne for h e w a s a ,

g r e a t d r ink e r un til fin al ly
, h e w as d e a d d r unk A t l a s t h e -
.

w a s over co m e by d r ow si ness a n d the couple pr om p tly pr ovid ed ,

Tha t i
s. P u rse. sp i
t m on e y fro m you r th r oa t !
Com pa dr e a n d com a dr e, the d
g o fa th er a n d g o m other d of on e s ch i
l
’
d .
234 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk L ore Soci
ety
- .

g oa t, th e an i
m al did noth i ng , b u t stood looking as foo l is h a s
befor e Alej o s poke th e w or ds th e old m an h a d ta ug h t h im .

B a r ba r a w as m ore a n g r y th a n ever , an d , a fter r a i l ing a t her

h u sba nd , would h a ve n othi ng m ore to do w ith h im .

Alej o i m m ed i a tely left h om e to fin d th e old m a n a g a i n In .

a s hor t ti How n ow , Alej o ? Wh a t s th e

'
m e h e m et hi m .

m a tter ?
“
You r m a g i c g oa t w ould n ot obey m y com m a nd , sa id Al ej o .

” “
Tr y th i s ta bl e, th en , sa id th e old m an I t wi ll provid e .

y o u w i th a l l k ind s o f d el i
cio u s foo d a n d d r i
nk Ju s t s a y, .

‘ "
Tende la m esa ! a n d a ll kinds of food s will b e ser ved you
1 ’
.

Tha n ki n g th e old m a n a n d bi ng him g ood b y, Alej o

dd i -

should er ed th e m a g i c ta bl e a n d l eft He w as i nvited in to

.

hi s fri end s h o u se as befor e, a n d w as en ter ta i n ed by the de

’

cei tfu l couple Alej o i

. m pa r ted to th em th e secr et of h i s ta ble .

“ ”
Tende la h e sa i
m es a d , a n d in th e wink of an eye ever y kind
!
o f food you could w i s h for a ppea r ed o n th e ta bl e They a te , .

a n d dr a nk w i n e Ag a in Al ej o d r a nk so m u ch , th a t soon h e
.

n th e fa l se coupl e pl a yed a trick on him

w a s a s leep , a n d a g a i
th ey ex ch a n g ed h i s m a gi c ta bl e for a com m on on e of th eir ow n .

Wh en Alej o w oke up , h e h as ten ed to h is own h om e, ca rr ying th e

ta bl e on ho ulder He ca ll ed h is w ife a n d a ss u red h er th a t
hi
s s .
,

th e ta bl e w o uld pr ovi de th em w ith ever y va r iety o f food Now .

,

th i s w as i ndeed g ood new s to B a r ba r a so s he ca ll ed al l th eir ,

ch i ldren a bo u t th em Wh en ever y on e w a s sea ted a b o u t th e

.

“ ”
ta bl e Al ej o ex cl a i
, m ed Tend e la m esa !
, Yo u ca nn ot
im ag i ne w h a t blow s w h a t pinch es w h a t w h ips Al ej o received
, , ,

from h is wife s h a nd s w hen n ot even a s ing l e gr a in of r ice a p

’

p e a r ed o n th e ta bl e !
Alej o n ow fel t g rea tly a s ha m ed before h i s wife He w onder ed .

w hy i t w as th a t w h en befor e h i end s eyes th e pu r se th e g oa t

s fr i
’
, ,

a n d th e ta bl e d i s pl a yed th ei r m agi c pr o per ti

es th ey fa i l ed to ,

d ispla y th em before h is w ife H ow ever h e did n ot g ive up.

,

h ope . He i m m ed i a tely set o u t to see k th e o ld m a n a g a i n .

After a l ong w a nd er i ng th ro ug h th e sa m e w ood s a n d h ill s a n d

a l on g ri ver ba nks h e ca m e to th e pl a ce w h er e h e u s u a lly m et
-
,

hi
m .

Did th e ta ble pr ove g ood ? sa i d the old m an .

No g n iloy ; s o I h a ve com e h er e a g a in
, .

” “
Well Al ej o , , sa id th e old m an , I p ity you indeed , . Ta ke
Tha t i
s. b
Ta le. s prea dy ou rself !
 li
Fi pino P opu l a r Ta les . 2 35

s ca n e as m y l as t g i
th i ft y ca refu l in u sing it for I ha ve
. Be ver ,

n o oth er o bj ect to g i ve you The secret of th i s ca n e i s th is .

‘
if so m ebody h a s d one you wr ong sa y to th e ca ne B as ton , , ,

p a m o r d o n
1
a n d t h e n it w ill l as h th a t p er so n T h er e are n o .

pr inces king s or em peror s th a t it w ill n ot pun is h

, , .

Ta ki n g th e ca n e a n d th an ki n g th e old m a n Al ej o h as ti ly ,

retu r n ed h om e Th i s ti m e w h en h e rea ch ed th e vi
. lla g e he
, ,

d n ot pass by h i s fri house b u t w en t d i r ectly hom e

’
di end s , .

He told h i s wi fe to g o ca ll in a ll th eir friend s rel a tives a n d , ,

neig h b or s for th ey w ere g oing to ha ve a sor t of ba n quet At

, .

firs t B a r ba r a w as unw ill ing to do so beca use sh e rem em bered ,

h ow s h e h a d been d ecei ved before ; b u t a t l as t Al ej o pers u a d ed

h er to do as h e w i s h ed .

Wh en a ll th eir fr iend s r ela tives a n d neig hbors wer e g a th ered , ,

in hi s ho u se Al ej o s h u t al l th e d oo rs a n d even th e w i
, ndows .

Then h e s h ou ted to h i s m agi c ca n e B a s ton p a m ord on , ,

an d i t a t o n ce beg a n to l as h a ll th e peopl e i n th e h ou se th row i ng ,

th em i n to g rea t confu s ion At l as t Alej o s two friend s th e .

’
,

deceitful coupl e ex cl a im ed a l m os t in on e voice , Com pad re , ,

pl ea se s top a n d w e will g ive you ba ck you r m a g ic pu rse g oa t

, , ,

an d ta bl e Wh en Al ej o h ea r d th em sa y th is h e w as filled with
. ,

j y
o , a n d c o m m a nd ed t h e ca n e t o cease .

Th a t ver y d a y th e m ag i c pu rse g oa t a n d ta bl e w ere r e , ,

tu r n ed to h i m by h i s com pa dr e a n d com ad re a n d n ow B a r ba r a ,

zed th a t h er hu s ba nd s w a nd er i
r eal i ng s h a d been pr o fita ble ’
.

Th e hu sba nd a n d wife beca m e r i ch a n d th ey l i ved m a ny h a ppy ,

yea rs tog eth er .

NOTES .

A Ta ga log s tor y resem blin g the B i l

n som e res pects i
co ta e i s l “
The
Adven tu r es of J uan ”
(JAF L 20 1 06 n w hi
i ch

A m a gi
c tr ee fu r n is es the la d w ho s p a res i h
t a g oa t t a t s a k es siver h h l
y
m o n e fr o m its w i s k ers , a n et w i
c wi h
l ca tc fis h even on dr y g r o u n d , a h h l h
m a gi
c po t a w a l y s fu ll
fu of w a tever veg eta b es the
of r i
ce, a n d s poo n s ll h l
ow n er w i s es , a n dh n al a s ti ck t a t wi fi ly
l b ea t a n d kil h
The rs t t ree l l . fi h
a r ti l
c es a fa se fri l
en d s tea s fro m J u a n b y m a k i l
n g hi m d ru n k i th th e . W
hle p of h i s m a gic ca n e, h
owever , h e g ets t em b a ck , a n d b ecom es r i c a nd h h
res pected O ne n i
.
g t a u n d r ed r o b b er s h h
co m e to b rea k i n to th e o u se, to h
ta k e a ll hi s g oods a n d k il hi l
m ; b u t he sa s to the s ti ck ,
“
B oom b ye, b oo m y
”
ha ! a n d w i t th e swi h
ftn ess of i g t n in g t h e s tick fl ies a r ol h
u n d , a n d a ll t os e h
l
s tr u ck fa l dea d , u n ti t er e i s n o t o n e eft l h J u a n is n ever tro u b ed a ga in l . l
b y rob b ers , a n d i
n the en d m a rr i es a p ri n cess a n d li ves a p p i ever a fter h ly .

1 Tha t i
s.
“
Ca ne . w hi
p!
 last pa r t of this s tor y I ha ve given in full beca u se it is a l m os t
The ,

i ca l w i
den ti th th e ep i sode a t th e en d of th e p recedi n g ta le ( No 2 6 .
,

g )
o a,n d co n seq u en tly c o n n ects th a t s tor y w i
th o u r p r esen t cy cl e .

I n a Ca ra n ca l va ri c m on ey p rod u ci
a n t ( 111 e) th e hero fin ds a m a g i , ng -

g oa t.

Th e hero of ou r ta le s a l a z y , g ood na tured m a n , whose i

i - n d u s trious

wife s rep roa ches fin a l ly dr i m fro m hom e An a log ou s to this

’
ve hi .

beg in n in g , b u t n ot fu rn ish in g a com p l ete p a ra llel , is Ca ba llero s Tio

’ “

"
Cu r ro el de la por r a ( I n g ra m , 1 74
U nc e l C u r ro
is p ea s u r e o vi
-
l ng a nd i l
m p ro vi den t, a n d so o n n ds i m se f fi h l
a n d hi s fa m i i ly
n th e d i r es t n eed Un a b e n a to b ea r th e r ep ro a c es
. l fi lly h
of h i s wi fe, he g oes o u t i n th e e d to a ng i fil
m se f, w en a itt e fa i r h h l h l l y
d ressed i l
k e a fri a r a p p ea rs , a n d b a m es h i m fo r h is Jud a s -
i l
k e t ou g t l h h .

y h
Th e fa ir t en g i ves hi m an i n ex a u s ti b e p u r se, b u t t i s i h
s s to en fr o m l h l
hi m b y a ra sca p u b lly
i c-
o u se k ee l h
p er g a i
n h e g o es to a n g im se .f ; b A
u t h h l
the fa i r y
res tra i n s hi m , a n d gi ves h i m a c oa k t a t w i fu r n i s hi m wi t l h ll h h
a ll ki n ds of cook ed food T i s i s i k ewi
. se s to enh l
Th e t ird tim e he i s l . h
g iv en a cu d g e l Wh l
i.e o n h is w a y o m e , h e i
s m e t b y h is w ife a h
n d c i d r e n , hl
w ho b egi n to i n s u t hi lm
“
C u dg e , b ea t t em !
.
”
l
Ma gis tr a tes a n d o fficers h
a re s u m m o n ed h
T ese a re p u t to ro u t ; a n d n a l
. U n c e C u rr o a n d his fi ly l
s tick m a k e s u c hh
a voc a m o n g a l l sen t to r es tr a i n hi m , t a t the k i n g p rom i s es h
hi l
m a a r g e es ta te i n A
m er i ca .

Th s ver si
i on di
ffers f ro m th e usu a l for m , n th a t th e i
i n n k eep er i
s -

n ot p u n i
sh ed , n or a re th e fir s t tw o m a g i
c j
o b ects r eco ver ed .

Th e
“
A ss - Ta bl e-Sti
ck
"
cyc e, o f l wh i
c the h“
n do en t I l H u sba n d
is clea r ly a m em b er i s on e of th e m os t w i
, des p r ea d Marchen in the w or ld
F or a fu ll bi b li
og r a p h y of th i s g ro u p , see B ol te P ol i
-
v k a , 1 : 34 6 36 1
—

(o n G ri m m , N o T h e u s u.a l fo r m u l a fo r th i
s cycl e is a s fo ll ow s

A yo u n g serva n t ( ) i
or a
s p r p
esoe
ornmta
edn b y h i
s m a s ter ( o r b y so m e

p o w e r fu p elrso n a g e in so m e o f th e v ers io n s G o d im se f) o n tw o d i
ff er e n t , h l
occas i h
o n s wi t a m a gi c ob j ect u s u a a g o d gi ving a ni
, lly
m a , a n d a ta b e l -
l l
l h h h
or c o t w i c mi ra cu o u s s u pp i l
es food ly en i n an i l
n n , he i s ro b b ed o f . Wh
th e m a g i c o b j ect a n d m a g i c a ni m a b y th e i n n k eeper o r hi s wi l
fe, a n d w or t -
h
less ob j ects rese m b i l h
n g t ose t a t a r e s to en a re s u b s ti h tu ted w ie th e er o l hl h
l
s eep s ( or i s dr u n k ) Th e t i rd m a g i
. c a r ti h
ce w i c h e g ets posses si on o f l , h h
in the sa m e w a y a s he a cq u i r ed th e o t er tw o , i s a m a gi c cu d g e o r ca n e , h l
h h
t rou g the a i d of w i c h e recovers hih h s s to en p ro per t l y .

Th i
s is th e for m o f th e s to r y a s iti s fou n d i n Basi le ( 1 i) Gon zen ,

b a ch ( No Cosq u i
. n ( Nos I V a n d LV I ) Schott ( No .Sch n eller , .

( N o . J a co b s E
( gn l i
s h F a ir y T a l es
“
T h e A s th e T a b le a n d th e , , ,

Th e La d Wh o W en t to th e Nor th
“
B a sen t ( No x x x rv .
,

Win d Asbj orn sen 0g Moe 1 868 NO C r a n e ( No x x x n , Th e , . . ,

As th a t La ys and i ti s th i s for m u l a th a t o u r s to r y foll ow s .

G rim m , No 36 , how ever , di

. fl ers from these s tor i es in tw o r es pects

1) it h as a fra m ewor k s tor y o f th e decei

tfu l g oa t on whose a ccou n t
-
2 38 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n F ol k L or e Soci
ety - .

th em of th e r ew a r d he h a d r ecei
ve d . He w as so ver y h a ppy ,

th a t before h e kn ew i
t , an d wi
th ou t feel ing a t a ll r ed h e h a d
ti ,

r ea c ed a
h noth er ba rrio Suddenly on h is w a y h e m et tw o m en
.

wi th d r a w n bol os They s topped h im a n d sa i

. d B oy you r , , ,
"
m on ey or you r l i
, fe ! Ceci l io was m u ch a m a zed a t th ese
w or d s b u t w a s a l so so fr i
, g h t en e d th a t h e g a ve up th e m o n ey a t
on ce . He on ly sa i d to him self Well since I a m n ot s tr ong , ,

en oug h to d efend m yself I ei th er h a ve to s u rrend er m y m on ey

,

or d i e . He sa t under a tr ee l a m en ti ng h is for tune B u t th e .

two ro bbers w er e i n tr oubl e beca use on e of th em w a n ted a

,

g r ea te r s h are th an t h e o th e r T h e se c o nd r obb er sa
. id th a t
th ei r s h ares s h ould b e th e sa m e for th ey h a d s tol en th e m on ey ,
“
tog eth er ; b u t th e for m er a n sw er ed I a m in a ll r es pects better ,
“ ”
th a n you are O h n o ! for w e h a ve n ot yet h a d a tria l
.
, ,

sa i d th e second At th is th ey beg a n to fig h t ; a n d soon both

.

fell so severely wound ed th a t th ey d i ed before C eci

, l io w h o ,

h a d hea r d th e n oi se of th e s tr u g g l e could r ea ch th e pl a ce w h er e ,

th ey w er e d i s pu ting .

Now th e b oy w as ver y h a ppy a g a i n for he h a d g otten h is ,

m on ey ba ck As h e h a d a l r ea dy tr a vell ed ver y fa r h e d i
. d n ot ,

know w h er e he w as : h e w as l ost B u t h e pr oceed ed al ong th e .

r o a d un ti l h e m et a n o th er m an w ho sa id r oug hly to h im , Gi ve ,
”
m e you r m on ey or el se you w i , ll d ie ! C eci l io th inking th a t ,

h e w ould ra th er l i ve th a n tr y to d efend hi s w ea l th w h i ch h e ,

w o uld l ose i n a n y ca se g a ve h i s pu rse to th e m a n

, Th en the .

b oy w en t a w a y a n d w ep t Wh ile h e w as cr ying over h is b a d

.

lu ck a ver y old w om a n ca m e nea r h im a n d s a id Why a r e you

, , ,
"
w eepi ng m y b oy ?
,

Th e b oy r epl i ed I a m w eep ing beca u se som ebody took m y

,
"
m on ey .

“
Well w h y d id you g ive it up ? sa id th e old w om a n
, .

I g a ve it up beca u se he sa id th a t h e w ould kill m e if I

”
d idn t ’
.

Th en th e o ld w om a n sa i d Ta k e th i s ca n e w i th yo u a n d
, ,

w h en ever you see h i m let i t l oose a n d p r on oun ce th ese w or d s

,

Sigu e ga rrote, sigu e ga r rote , 1

k e tha t fell ow over ther e !

Str i
’

Wh en yo u w a n t th e ca ne to s to p , a ll yo u n eed to sa y i
s

1 ( Spa n i
sh ) At hi
m . cu dg l !
e
 li
Fi pino P opu l a r Ta les . 2 39

Stop , stop ,
F or tha t is en oug h !
’

Th e b oy th en sa i
d , I s th a t a ll ?

After you h a ve r ecovered you r m oney sa id th e old w om an , ,

"
y o u m u s t tu r n b a c k h er e b
; u t you h a d better h u rr y up n ow .

Ceci l io th en ba de the old w om a n g ood b y an d a t once r a n -

,

a w a y to over ta k e th e m an w h o h a d ro bbed h i m Wh en he .

sa w th e m a n , h e sa i d G ive m e ba ck m y m oney or el se you

, ,
"
n ow s h a ll d i e an d n o t I !
,

Th e m an l a ug h ed a t h im a n d sa i d Of course I s h a ll n ot g ive
, ,
"
y o u b a c k y o u r m o n ey .

Wh en h e h ea r d th ese w or d s th e b oy sa id I s th a t so ? a n d , , ,

letting g o of h is ca n e h e u tter ed th e form ul a th a t th e old w om a n

,

h a d told hi m to pr o no unce Th e ca n e a t once beg an to ra i

. n
’
blow s on th e s tr a n g er s h ea d an d body Wh en he could n o .

long er endu re th e blow s a n d s a w th a t h e could n ot ca tch th e

,
“
sti ck th e m a n s a i
, d ,I f you w ill ca ll off your ca ne I w ill re ,
"
tu r n you r pu r se .

“
Ver y w ell I w i
, ll pa r don you sa id Cecil io ; b u t if you h a d ,

tr ea ted m e a s you s h o uld h a ve tr ea ted m e a n d o th ers yo u w ould ,

”
n ot h a ve been h a r m ed Then he sa i
. d to th e ca n e ,

Stop , s top ,
F or th a t i
s en ou g h!

At o n ce th e m a g ic s tick s topped a n d retu r ned to its ow ner , .

Th e m on ey w a s g i ven ba ck an d th e m an p r om i sed C ecili

,o th a t

h e w o uld n o t rob a n y poor b oy a g a i n .

O n hi s w a y b a ck tow a r d th e o ld w o m a n C eci lio m et a n oth er ,

m a n w h o w a n ted to r ob h i m ; b u t th e b oy sa i
’
d Don t you d are ,
"
a ttem p t to ta ke m y pu r se or you wi ll g et you rself into tr ouble !
,

Th e m a n beca m e a n gr y an d r u s h ed a t C eci l io to knock h im

,

dow n ; b u t th e b oy prono un ced th e w or ds w h ich the old w om an

m a n d let th e ca n e l oose
h a d ta ug h t h i , Th e ca n e a t once beg an .

’
to r a in bl ow s o n the m a n s h ea d a n d body When h e could n o .

l ong er endu r e th e p a in th e m a n a s ked Cecil io s pa r don As ’

, .

th e you th w a s ki nd h ea r ted h e forg a ve th e m an

-
, .

Wh en h e r ea ch ed th e old w om a n s h ou se Cecil i
’
o told h er th a t ,

th e ca n e h a d been ver y u seful to h i m for i t h a d s a ved bo th h i s ,

l ife a n d h is m oney Then h e r etu r n ed th e s tick to th e old

.

w om a n an d th a nked her ver y m u ch

, Sh e n ow offer ed to sel l .
2 40 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk L ore Soci
ety -
.

hi
m a g u i
ta r w hi
ch pr ice of w h ich w as five hundr ed
she h a d , th e
cen ta vos Si n ce s h e h a d been so g ood to h im Cecil io a t o nce
.
,

a g r eed to th e ex ch a n g e ; a n d a fter h e h a d o n ce m o r e b a d e h er

b h f i
’
g oo d y
-
e se t ou
, t or h s m as ter s h o u se .

When h e ca m e n ea r h is old h om e Cecil io sa w h is m a s ter ,

Em il io s hooting a t a ver y h a ndso m e bir d on the to p of a ba m boo

tr ee Th e b i
. r d fell d ow n a n d th e m an r a n to p i ,ck i t up As .

Em il io w as m a king h is w a y up to the bir d th roug h th e th or ny

ba m boo und erg r ow th Cecil io s a t d ow n to w a it for him a n d, , ,

h a ving no th ing el se to do beg a n to pl a y h is g u ita r The m a s ter , .

a t o n ce beg a n to d a n ce a m o ng th e ba m boo tre es a n d he te -

,

cei ved m a ny w ound s beca u se o f th e s h a r p s p i n es Now in .

,

r eal ity th e b oy w a s pl a yi
, ng h is g u ita r un in ten tion al ly a n d did ,

n ot kn ow o f i ts m a g i c po w er ; b u t E m i l io th oug h t th a t C ecil i o

h a d di scover ed th e d ecei t th a t h a d been p r a cti sed on hi m and ,

w as pl a yi ng for r eveng e Now it h a ppen ed th a t Em il io h a d a

.
,

pu r se o f m on ey with h im to g ive to th e l a borers w or king in h is

h a ciend a so h e pro m ised to g ive a ll th is m oney to Cecil io if
,

h e w ould o nly s top pl a yi ng Th e b oy w h o h a d by th is tim e .

,

lea r n ed of th e m a g i c pow er of h i s gui ta r s topped h i s m u si c an d ,

r ecei ved th e m on ey .

Th e cr a fty E m i l io h ow ever a t on ce h a s tened to th e town

, , ,

a n d a s ked th e m a g i s tr a te to a pp r eh end C eci l io a young r obber , .

l io set ou t for th e old w om a n s h ouse a g a in ; b u t th e pol ice ’

C eci
m en soon over too k h i m a r res ted h i m a n d too k h i
, m befor e th e ,

m agi s tr a te Th er e th e b oy w a s sen ten ced to d ea th th e nex t

.

m or n i ng Em il io s m oney w a s g iven ba ck to h im The follo w

.
’
.

in g d a y w h en h e w a s a b o u t to b e s h ot C eci
, l io a s ked per m iss ion to ,

pl a y h is g u ita r on ce m or e a n d h e w a s n ot r efu sed it As soo n , .

a s h e beg a n to pl a y a ll beg a n to d a n ce even h i , s m a s ter w h o , ,

w a s s ti ll sor e fr o m th e pr eviou s d a y s ex er cise F in a lly E m il io ’

.

co uld endu r e n o m or e He begg ed Ceci l io to s to p pl a ying a n d

.
,

p r om ised to g ive h im a ll h is w ea l th He th en told th e sold iers .

to set th e b oy fr ee for i t w a s a ll h i
, s ow n fa ul t Ceci l io s topped .

pl a yin g a n d w a s l iber a ted by the m a g istr a te E m il io kep t h is

,
.

w or d a n d bes tow ed on the b oy a ll h i

,
s w ea l th Wh en the old .

m a n di ed Ceci l io w a s th e r ich es t m a n in th e tow n He he

,
.

ca m e a ca p i ta n a n d w as g r ea tly h o nor ed by th e i nh a bita n ts

1
,

of hi s ba rri o .

C pi
1 t aI the Phi
an. lip p i es th i
n s w d is used as a titl f a ddress t a j ustice of th e
n or e o o

p ea ce (g obem odor cillo) . It i

s a lso u se dt d o g n a te th e o
esi mce tself
i .
242 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n F ol k L ore Soci
ety -
.

a fife ; a n d the old m a n g i ves h i m a ho w t a t n ever m i sses i ts a i m , a nd a h

h
fife t a t co m pe s ever o n e to da n ce l y
He a so g ra n ts J a ck s t i
’
rd w i s , . l h h
h
t a t ever ti m e hi y
s s tep m o t er u r s a b a d w o rd a t h i
-
h
m or a b ou t h i m, h l
h ll
s he s a g iv e fo r t a n o t e r n o ise n h
o t p er m itte d in h
p o i te s o c ie t e n y Wh l .

t i h h
s a p pen s t a t even i h h
n g a t o m e to th e a m u sem e n t of a ll th e s tep m o t er h ,
-

p aln s to se n d t h e m o n k T o b ia s in to t h e e d th e n ex t d a y to p u n i
s J a ck fi l h .

H owever , J a ck a s k s the m o n k to fetc from the b r a m b es a b ir d w ic h l h h

h n , h
h e h a s s o t a n d t e he b egin s to p a da n ce m u si -
c fo r th e m o n k ly All .

h
scra tc ed a n d b ood , To b i l y
a s r etu r n s om e T a t ni g t t h e fa t er ca s h i s h . h h h ll
so n to a cco u n t ; b u t h e i s so p ea sed a t th e efl ects o f th e m a g i l
c fife t a t h ,

he d eci des n o t to p u n i s th e b o y The o f ci h

a , too , the b i s op s a g en t, . fi l h ’

h
a t w ose co u r t th e n ex t F ri y
da s tep m o t er a n d m o n k b r in g c a r g es of w i tc -
h h h
cr a ft a g a in s t J a ck , h a s to ea r th e fife a n d i s ob i g ed to h
d a n ce u n ti he , l l
p ro m i
se s to l e t J a c k g o u n p u n is e d h .

Th e En g l i
sh y seem s to ha ve pa ssed over in to Holla n d where in
s tor ,

1 52 8 a Du tch for m a p p ea r ed w i th som e a ddi ti on s A m ost sign ifica n t

, .

m odi fica ti on a pp ea r s i n a Ge rm a n h a n d l i n g o f th e Du tch for m by ,

Di eter i ch Al b r ech t i n 1 599

H th her e i t e w h d pl g
er o s nod b y h i m lii
a co t p m th
er b t a ue s a c ou s s e -
o er , u

a i m pl m i d d
s e- v t wh
n e v se r v ii
an m t fo ser th y es a n a a r c ou s a s er or r ee ea rs

an d c i v re e p y thes a s
ee pf ig fa t h w h l r ti m P l en n d w ith hi s or e o e e . ea se s

ig h w v
ea r n n s, h g oeo w y i gi g
e er , Wh h m t tw b g g w h
e s a a s n n . en e ee s o e a rs o

a sk h i m f l m h giv th m hi th
or a s, e i Th y g
es t hi
e m th s r ee co n s . e ra n ree

w ih s i es t f
n hi g d
re u r n ; d h g t
or s v oo mi n ess b w an e e s a ne er -
ss cr oss o ,

a m a g i fiddl th t m k
c ll d
e a d th p m i th t
a es a h ll
a n ce, an e ro se a no on e s a

e v b
er b l t d y h im
e a e q t By l k h m t m k wh j
o en a re u es . a a e e ee s a on , o eer s

a t hi h sti g b i
s lity d d ta k if th y th
oo n -
a , an b ig d w
un er es , e ou ca n r n o n a

ra v then th il
er e o nd t wi m v
e k d
s an d f t h th b id
, o s So o er n a e an e c e r . on ,

h w v th m k g t hi b g i f th
o e er , e on re re s b w d s t mi ar a n, or e cross o oes no ss .

Wh il th m k t d k d i th b h
e e on s an s na th il d th b y b g i
e n e us es o n e s an , e o e ns

t fi dd l
o W ili g d m i g th
e. a n l i ti p m i th y th th
an oa n n , e ecc es a s c ro ses e ou e

h d d d t th t h ha t l f m th m
un re u ca s a e t y d h i
s s o en w p ro e o n a s er , an e s no er

mi tt d t e t o d g t hi l th
re u r n an B t h t e h l y f ll w th
s c o es . u e rea c er o u s o o s e

y th l d g
ou , om pl i t es g i a t h
coim w ith th a n il f th
a a ns t e co u n c o e n ea res

ci ty d, an d i g tti g h im
s u ccee s d m n d Wh th y th i l d y
e n co n e ne . en e ou s a rea

on th g ll we l d da h o q s t a th j d g
er , t l l ew h im
re t p y j
l
u es s t e u e o a o o a us

o ne m g d
o r e so n
; h m k ll th
an p t
e d a vi l
es a t ly t h t th o se r es en a n ce s o o en , a e

j dg g
u e a t p d
r ees hi m i f h wi
o ll
ar ly on l
p y g i T h t h em
'

k on cea se a n . en e on

c f
o n esses h i w th ft d d
s o i t n d e i
v hi d
an v d p ece hm t , an rece es s eser e u n is en .

I n thi s ve s i on a s B ol te a n d P o l i
r , vk a n ote ( 2 th e ch i ef

d ev i a tio n s fro m th e E n g l i s h Du tch fo rm o f th e s to r y a e th e om i -

ss ion r

of th e s tep m o t er -
h r 61e , th e h ir d w ish a n d th e m od ifi
n a tu r e of th e t ,

on o f th e ch a r a cter
ca ti o f th e m on k w h o fro m a m er e too l o f th e , ,

s tep - m ot er , h has h ere devel o ped in to a th i ev in g r a s ca l A C zech .

r ed a cti
on ( 1 604 ) of G e rth e
m a n p oem s u b s ti
tu tes fo r th e r u n a wa y
m on k a J ew . Th i
s s u b s ti
tu ti on i s a lso fou n d i
n th e G er m a n p r ose

ta le V on Kn ech t Treu r ech t

”
( a b ou t
 l ipino P opu la r Ta les
Fi . 2 43

O f th e m odern or a l fol k ver s i on s o f th e s tor y , som e a re b a sed o n th e

-

M iddle En g l ish droll b u t b y fa r th e l a r g er n um b er om it the hos tile

- '

s tep
-
m o th er , a n d re ta rn o n ly th e d a n ce o f th e m on k or th e Jew a n d th e

scen e a t th e g a ll ow s For a com p lete l i

. s t o f s to ri s secon d typ e,
es of th i

see B ol te P o l i
vk a
-
495 , All t
2 :h e va r i
a —
n ts50 b
1 o
. th litera r y a n d ,

p o p u l a r c
, i
te d i
n th i
s b ib l i
o g p
r a h y a r e O c cid e n ta l ; a n d ,w e m u s t
in evi ta b ly con cl u d e th a t th e s tor y w a s im p orted i n to the P hi lip p in es
so m e ti m e du r i
n g th e Sp a n is h occu pa tion of th e I s l a n d s So m e r a ther .

i ffere n ces
m po r ta n t d i a re p res en ted by ou r vers i
on s , how ever ; and

these w e s ha ll ca ll a tten ti
on to b ri
e fly , fir s t m en ti ls
n g the deta i
on i

th a t defin i
te ly con n ect ou r for m s w ith the Eu ropea n .

n g of th e s tor y o f lio is l ik e tha t of Al b rech t s

“ ”
Th e o pen i Ceci
’
,

g i
v en a b o ve O u h er
. o w or k s fo urr y e a s fo r a cru el m as ter a n d te r ,

cei
ves five h u n dred cen ta vos a s p y,
a a su m th w h i
wi ch h e i
s m or e

th a n s fied .
sa ti At th i s po i n t o u r s tor y d i g re s se s A f ter tw o a d .

ven tur es w i th r ob b er s , i a th e firs t o f w h i ch he r ecovers h i s m on ey b y

a l u ck y a cci den t ( th i s i n ci den t i s con s i dera b ly el a b ora ted i n the

va r i a n t) , h e m eets a n o ld w om a n w h o l en ds h i m a m a gi c ca n e a n d ,

wi th i ts hel p h e i s a b le to r eg a i n hi s m on ey fr om a secon d ro b b er .

Th i s fea tu r e of th e m a g i c b ea ti n g s tick seem s to b e b orr ow ed from th e

-

p re c ed in g s to r y H e n o w
. r et u rn s t h e c a n e to t h e o ld w o m a n , a n d s h e

sell s h i m a m a gi c gu i ta r Th e n ex t a dven tu re
.
—
wi th h i s for m er

m a s ter , w h o i s s u b s titu ted for th e k n a vi sh m on k con ta i n s a di s

tor ted r em i ni scen ce o f th e sh oo ti n g o f th e b i r d , a n d en d s w i th th e

d a n ce a m o n g th e th or n s (here ba m b oo s p i n es ) Th e her o i
-
s b ou g h t .

o ff b y hi s m as ter , w ho i m m ed i a tely r u shes to tow n a n d a ccu ses h i m of

theft . Th e r es t i s p r a cti ca lly as i n Al b r ech t .

W hile ou r vers ion in trod u ces tw o m a gic a rticles it ca n b e seen tha t ,

th e fir s t does n o t p ro per ly b el on g to th e s tor y

“ ”
The th ree w i sh es .
-

in ci den t a n d a ccor d i
, n g ly the th i rd w i sh i ts d f i s l a ck i n g a l tog ether , .

A r a ther a r tis tic a ttem p t to u n ify the stor y a s a whole is th e s u b s titu

ti o n o f th e r a s ca lly m a s ter i n tr od u ced i n th e b eg i nni n g o f th e s tor y ,

for th e k n a vi sh m o n k o r J ew l a ter o n ; tho u g h i t is to b e n o ti ced th a t

th e n a r r a tor fa i l s to m otiva te the hero s r etu r n to the hou se tha t h e ’

h a d a pp a r en tly left for g ood w hen he w as p a i d off Th e ep i sod e o f th e .

s h oo ti ng i s ob scu r e a n d a p pea r s to b e on ly a va g u e echo o f th e d eta i

, l
d efin i tely co n n ected w i th o n e o f th e th ree g i fts i n som e o f th e E u ro pea n

l itera r y form s Ag a in in Cecilio the m u sica l in str u m en t is a g u ita r

.
,

n s tea d o f th e u s u a l vi ol i le in the va ria n t An doy the

“ ”
i n o r fife ; w h i

m agi c ca n e i s th e o n ly en ch a n ted ob j ect, n o m u s i ca l i n s tru m en t a p

p ea r i
n g a t a l l T h e .e p is o d e o f th e tw o ro b b e rs k ill i
n g ea c h o th e r

o ver th e tr ea s u r e ( p a ra ll eled i An doy , where tw o ro b b ers fig h t

“ ”
n

wi th tw o h u n ters a n d a ll fo u r a r e k i
, lled ) is a n in teres tin g a dd ition ,
th e sou r ce o f wh i ch I a m u n a b le to po i n t ou t I t m a y b e der i ved fr om
.
 Mem oirs of ca n Folk L or e Soci
the A m eri ety -
.

som e m ora ta e re a ted in l l l n d to th e

ki V eda b b h a j
-
ata k a , No 4 8 .

“
Cen to ove e An ti c e, N
”
h ll
No 82 ; Mor li n i No 42 ; C ha ucer s
. P ar , .
’ “

don or s Ta le etc ; a l thoug h th e cha ra cter i c tr ea cher y em p ha s i

”
s ti zed
’
.
,

in th ose s tor i es i s l a ck i n g h ere Th e in ci den t i s n ot fou n d i

. n other

ver s ion s o f ou r ta le th a t I k n ow o f .

I a m u n a ble to n a m e th e im m ed ia te sou r ce of ou r s tor y of Cecil io

a n d o f th e tw o va r i a n ts ; tho u g h a s h a s been rem a r k ed a b ove i , t wa s ,

p re tty c er ta in ly E u ro p ea n N on e o f th e t h re e s.ee m s t o ow e a n y th i
n g
in pa r ti cul a r to the Spa n i s h ba ll a d p r in ted i n th e R om a n cero Ge n
era l ch B o l te a n d P o l i rectly on
”
, NO 1 2 65 w h i .
, vk a th i nk i s b a sed di

G rim m , No 1 1 0 The loca l m od i

. fica ti
. ons i n ou r s tor y , a n d th e

defin i ve a tm os p her e m a i
te n a ti n ed th ro u g hou t, s u gg es t th a t i
n ta i t is

n ot a r ecen t im porta ti on .

An i n teres ting a ni m a l vers i on fro m So uth Afr i ca , con ta i ni n g th e

c fidd le i ven by H on ey( p Th e Mon k ey s

“ ’
m agi c b ow a n d m a g i s gi , .

Fi dd le Th is s to r y w a s do u b tl ess ta k en over by th e n a ti
. ves fro m th e

Du tch .

2 9. CH O N G U I TA .
‘

Ther e was a king n s n a m ed P ed ro D ieg o

w h o h a d th r ee so , , ,

a n d Ju a n O n e d a y th e ki
. ng or d er ed th ese th r ee g en tl em en
to s et ou t fr om th e ki n g d om a n d seek th ei r for tun es Th e .

th r ee br oth er s too k d i ffer en t d i r ecti on s b u t befo r e th ey s ep a ,

r a ted th ey a g r eed to m eet i n a cer ta i n pl a ce in the for est .

After w al ki n g for m a ny d a ys Don Ju a n m et a n old m a n on ,

th e r oa d Th i s o ld m a n g a ve Don Ju a n b r ea d
. a n d to ld h i m ,
“
to g o to a p a l a ce w h i ch w a s a m i le a wa y B u t a s you en ter th e .

“
g a te s,a d
i th e o l d m a n y ou m u s t d iv id e th,e b r ea d w h ich I
h a ve g iven you a m ong the m onkeys w h ich a r e g u a r d in g the
”
g a te to th e p al a ce ; o th e r w ise yo u w ill n o t b e a bl e t o e n ter .

Don Ju a n took th e br ea d ; a n d w h en h e rea ch ed th e p a l a ce ,

he d i d a s th e o ld m a n h a d a d vi s ed h i m After en ter i ng the .

g a te h e
, s a w a b i g m o nk e y F r ig h te n ed a t th e s i
g
. h t o f th e

an i m a l Don Ju a n w as a bo u t to ru n a w a y w h en th e a n i
, m al ,
“
ca ll ed to h i m a n d sa i d Don Ju a n I know th a t your pu r pose
, , ,

in co m i ng here w a s to find your for tun e ; a n d a t th is ver y m om en t

"
m y d a u g h ter C h on g u i ta w i ll m a r r y you Th e a r chbi s ho p o f .

th e m onkeys w a s ca ll ed a n d Don Ju a n a n d C h on g u i , ta w er e
m ar ri ed w i th ou t d el a y .

A few d a ys a fter w a r d s Don Ju a n a s ked per m i ss io n fr o m h i s

wi fe to g o to th e pl a ce w h er e h e a n d h is broth ers h a d a gr eed

1 Nar ted by P ila r Eje cit a Tag a log f m P a g sa j a La g u n a She h ea d th e
ra r o. ro n n. . r

stor y fr om h er a u n t. w h o ha d h ea r d it wh en sh e was s ti
ll a li r l.
ttl e g i
2 46 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n F olk L or e Soci
ety -
.

tw o d a ys u nd er pena l ty o f d ea th in ca s e of fa ilur e Th e ca ps
, .

w er e a ll d on e o n ti me .

At l a s t th i nkin g o f n o oth er w a y by w h ich h e cou ld a ccom pl ish

,

hi s en d th e ki ng su m m oned h is th ree d a ug h ter s in la w a n d

,
- -
,

“
sa id Th e h u sba n d o f th e on e w h o s h a ll b e a bl e to d r a w th e
,

pr etties t p ictu r e on th e w a ll s of m y ch a m ber w ith in th r ee d a ys

s h a ll s u cceed m e o n th e th r o n e At th e en d o f th e th r ee d a ys .

th e p i ctu r es w er e fin i s h ed Wh en the king w en t to ins pect .

th em h e fo und th a t C h on g u i ta s w a s by fa r th e p r etti
'
, es t a n d ,

s o Do n Ju a n w a s cr ow n ed ki ng .

A g rea t fea s t w a s h eld i n th e p a l a ce in h o n or o f th e n ew ki ng .

In th e m ids t of th e festivities Don Ju a n beca m e ver y a ng r y w ith

hi s wi fe for in s is ting th a t h e d a n ce w ith h er a n d h e hu r led h er ,

ag a i n s t th e w a ll At th is br u ta l a ction th e h a ll s udd enly he

.

ca m e d a r k ; b u t a fter a w h i le it beca m e b r ig h t a g a in a n d C ho n ,

g u it a h a d bee n t r a n s fo r m ed in to a b ea u tiful w o m a n .

NO TES .

A sa ya n
Vi a n t of t
va r i his s tor y thou g h
, di n g fr om i
ffer i n m any
t i
ls , is the stor y
deta i of th e
“
Three ”
B r others , p r in ted i n JAF L 2 0
—
9 1 93
A n u m ber of I n dia n Ma rchen seem to b e r ela ted m ore or less clos ely
to ou r s tor y Asia tic
“
B en fey ci tes on e ( 1
. 2 6 1 ) wh i ch a pp ea rs i n th e

J ou r n a l for 1 833 ”
.

S m p i o e t b t i th i w i
r n ces a r e v b y th i d vi o o hit h t
a n e r es s e ce : ea c s o s oo an

a w;
r ro d wh an th w t i k th
er e wi ll h fi d hi b id Th
e a r ro s r es , er e ea c n s r e. e

a w
rr o f th y o g t h it t
e m i
ou nd t ; h i m
es i d t i s t b t hi
a a ar n -
r ee e s a rr e o , u s

b i d t
r e tt b f m l m
u r n s ou k y o H w v h l iv h p p ily w ith h
e a e a e on e . o e er , e es a er ,

b t h
u s v e ne pp t h i f t h
er a t T h
ea rs a i t i l w s i a
’
er s co u r . e s s er s -
n -
a a r e cu r o u s

t k
o w w h t k i d f wi
no f h h a Th y p
n d th f th
o e i l w t g iv
e as . e er s u a e e a e r -
n a
-
o e

ll h i wi Th p i i g iv d v f t th t
'
a f t f
ea s or v a s so n s th es . e r n ce s r e e o er e ac a

th t wi
e s ecr e ll t Th hi w if m f t him ; h l y fl h m k y
ou . en s e co or s s e a s o
'

er on e

co v ig er n d pp , an m v lla ly b tif l m id
ea r s as Sh
a j i ar e ou s ea u u a en . e en o n s

hi m t p o v th m k y
reser k i e f lly i e th w
oni g e t d -
g s n ca r e u , s n ce o er se r ea an er

th t h ; b t h
r ea en s i d t k
er p h
u i h pe, t b
n or tif l herm o ee er n er r ese n ea u u u an

f m b
or , th h id w hil h i t th f t Sh di p p
urns e e e si t tl y e s a e ea s . e sa ea r s ns a n .

Th p i e k h
r n ce s ee g i d t l t
s d i v er a h i h v
a n, an th q a as s co er s er n ea en a s e u ee n

o f th m e k y Th
on h m i
e wi
s. th h er e e re a ns er .

In a Si
m la ta le , Th e Stor y o f G hos e ( Dr a co tt 4 0 f , th e ani
ma l is
a s qu ir rel , wh i b y th e g od Ma h a deo i
ch i
s fin a lly cha n g ed
n to a h u m a n

b ein g , a fter th e l i
ttl e cr ea tu r e h as er for m ed m a n y ser vi ces for h e r
p
hu s b a n d Som ewha t a n a logou s , a l so , is Ma ive Stok es , Th e Mon k ey
.
“
Pr i n ce ( No . x , p .
4 1 Com pa r e a l so th e n otes to ou r No 1 9 .

“
a n d B en fey s di The En cha n ted Son of the B ra h
’
en ti
re scu ss i
on of

m an ( 1 : 2 54

Thes e for m s a r e n ot c os e en ou g j u stify l h to ou r ver s i

on , however , to
ou r tr a cing i t dir ectly to a n y o n e o f them B oth i t a n d th e Vi sa ya n .

va ria n t a r e m em b ers o f th e Eu ro p ea n cy cle o f ta l es r ep resen ted by

“
Th e s k eleto n ou tl i
”
Th ree F ea thers ( No n e o f th i
’
G rimm s s .

fa m ily g ro u p B ol te a n d P ol ivk a con str u ct a s follows (2 : 37 )

A f th wih t t t th kill f hi th
a er s es ( th i wiv )
o es d e s o s r ee so n s or e r es , an

req t th t th y p
u es s d t
a di y e tly ti l
ro Th d p ied
u ce ex ra o r na r o r co s ar c es . e es s

y g t
ou n w i th
es w d wi
so n th th h lp f
ns h td pi
e re i ar e e o an en c a n e r n cess n

th f m e f or t t f g li d m
o a k y
ca , d ll
ra i
, h
g t ro
p , za r , on e , or a s a o , or n -
ca , or

t ki g
s oc At l t h
n .
g i h h m as f m T h
s d i e h t m e t
re a n s er u an or . e s en c a n n

i m ti m p lih d b y ki b y b h di g b y th h
’
s so m e es a cco s e a ss , or e ea n , or e er o s

en d ig f ur n th i
g h t i il
or th b l w
r ee n f p i it s n s en ce e o s o s r s.

In ly tw o of the va ria n ts cited b y B ol te P ol ivk a (to Gr im m No

on -
, .

m a l wi fe a m on k ey ”
63) i s th e a n i Com pa retti No 58 Le Sci mmi e; , , .
,

O f these on ly th e G reek s tor y

"
a n d Vo n H a h n No 6 7 Di e Aefl rn
'

. .
, , ,

res em b les ou r ta l e ; b u t h er e th e s i mi la r ities a re so m a n y tha t I will ,

efly th e m a i n p oi n ts o f Von H a h n s vers i

’
su m m a r i ze b r i on :

A ld ki g
n o c ll d h i th
n o n ce t hi m a d e id My I am
s r ee so n s o , an sa , so n s ,

o ld ; I h ld lik t h v y m a id
s ou e o th t I m y a lb t y
e ou rr e , so a a ce e r a e ou r

w dd i g w i
e th y
n b f I di Th f e h f y a t h t
ou e ore e. w er e o r e ac o ou re o s oo a n a rr o

i t th
n o i d t f ll w i
e a r, a n t f oth o h will fi d wh t i p
o s co u r se, or ere ea c n a s a

p i t
o n e d f h im T h
or l d t h t. fi t hi w e ei d hi m t esk ig s o rs : s a rr o ca rr e o a n
’
s

d ght wh m h id Th d bt i d i d gh t
’
au er , m o e a rr e
p . e seco n o a ne a r n ce s au er .

B t th u w f th th id t k i
e a rr o o d g hi e ll H d g h l i it dr s uc n a un -
. e u a o e n , an

c m a t e m blo a l b w hih w har i d d icl

e s a d, fl ig h t f t i l dc , en r a se , s ose a o s a rs ea

ig d w
n Co gn. ly h d c
o u ra d d d m
eo u s t a c ll i w
e h i h a es e n e , an ca e o e ar n c

l t f m
o o k y w on tti g i
i e s i l Th m th
er e s f th m n k y p n a c r c e. e o er o e on e s a

p h
r oa c d h im e d k d h im w
, h t
an h w tasd H e w d th t cc d a e an e . e a ns ere , a , a or

i g t th fl i
n o g h t f hei w h w d o ti d t h
s v m
a rr o k y w if , e as es ne o a e a on e -
e.

Ch y lf h id H d ; th
“ ”
oo se f on e or i
o u rset my m i , my s e sa . ere s a s er e,

d ght l td b k t h i f th Hi b th
”
au H er s . a d t k h
e se ec e o n e, n oo er ac o s a er . s ro ers ,

h wvo eidi l d h i
er , m r cu e .

Aft timer th ld t
a e k d th ki g t d i
e e vi
esde p h i k i g d mso n as e e n o u s n o ,

as h w e l dy ld d w lik ly t di I ll giv y th t k
a s a r ea o an as e o e.
“ ’
e ou r ee as s,
”

sa id th k i g t h i e n Th o w h p f m th m b t h ll b k i g
s so n s . e on e o er o r s e es s a e n .

Th fi t e t w
rs t be w
cou n b y th as wh o h f ty d y th c on e so n ose o u se or a s en e

w l t
a s c ea n es d m tb ti
anf lly d d os Th y gea ut w v y u d a or n e . e ou n es so n as er sa

wh h Why l “ ”
i p ti ti
en ns m ppec c d
on - e a d ? id h i w
r oai f H t d e . so sa sa s e. e o

h ; er d h an id t hi sm th m
e sa i g f th l t d y
o G t m y m th
on e or n n o e as a , o o o er ,

an d k h asf h l t d er or a l m d H did a ze -
nu Wh th tim fan an a on . e so . en e e or

i p ect i
ns iv d th m
o n a rr k y wi f e ,
k ed th h e l t d d w f om it
on e - e cra c e aze -
nu an re r

a di m a d v ig f
on th w h l h
co er n F m thor l m d h d w ve y
e o e o u se . ro e a on s e re a r
2 48 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n F ol k -L ore Soci
ety .

b ea u ti
fu l ca r p et for the k i
n g to w a k o n l
Yo u n g es t so n wo n th e rs t . fi
co u n t, n a tu ra l ly . The seco n d ta s k w as to fu r n i
s th e k in g wi
t fres h h h
ts i
fru i n th e w i
n te ti
me r - . The tw o o ld est so n s w ere l
u n a b e to g e t a n y, bu t
th e you n g es t so n g o t a fin e su p p ly f r om th e m o n k e y s
’

g a r den u n d er the d u n g
hill . The t i h b e w on b y the so n
rd cou n t w as to w ose wi h h l
fe s o u d b e de
cl ared the m os t b ea u ti fu a t a feas t to b e gi l
ve n ten da s t en ce Th e y h .

m on k e w i-
y
fe sen t her u s b a n d a g a i h
n fo r a n a l m o n d , a a ze - n u t, tw o s ta l h l
lio n s , a n d five serva n ts en h e retu r n ed wi . t Wh
t em , s he cra ck ed th e h h
a l m o n d a n d d rew fro m i t a m a g n i cen t d ress for er se f fi
F r o m th e a zel h l . h
n u t s h e d rew her own bea u ty, a n d a n dso m e eq u i p m e n t fo r her h
u sb a n d h .

Wh en s h e w a s a rr a ed , s he r ode i y
n to th e co u r t a r d o f the k i n g , a n d tried to y
es ca pe w i t o u t b ei h
n g recog n i n g w a s too q u i
z ed ; b u t th e k i ck for h er : sh e w a s

h
ca u g t, a n d h er h
u s b a n d w as dec a r ed th e na wi n n er l
He b eca m e k in g fi l .

w h en s fa t
hi h er di
ed .

Th i
s G r eek y ca n ha rdly ha ve a n y im m edia te rela tion sh ip with
s tor

C hon g u i ta th ou g h i t does a p pea r i

, n i ts fir s t h a l f to b e con n ected
wi th th e 1 833 I n di a n Mar chen g i ven a b ove O u r s tor y i t wi ll b e . ,

n o ti ced la ck s th e shooti
, n g o f a rr ows so cha r a cteri s ti c o f th e Eu ro pea n ,

for m s ; it m en tion s the m on k ey k in g d om to wh ich the yo u n g es t pr in ce -

wa s d i rected by a n old m a n a n d w here C ho n g u i ta i s for ced o n h i

, m ;
it r ep resen ts th e ki n g a s r eq u i rin g hi s da u g h ters i n la w to per fo rm - -

di fficu l t ta s k s beca u se h e w i shes to fin d a n ex cu se for p u tti n g to d ea th

the a n i m a l wi fe Moreover th e three ta s k s them selves are d ifferen t

-
.
, ,

a l tho u g h th e firs t tw o a r e r em i ni scen t o f som e fou n d i n th e O cci den ta l

vers i on s F or th e th i r d I k n ow o f n o fol k ta l e p a r a ll el O n th e w hol e -
.
,

I a m p ron e to bel ieve tha t ou r s tor y wa s n ot im ported from Eu rope ,

b u t tha t i t belon g s to a n O r i en ta l b r a n ch o f th e fa m i ly .

The d i sen cha n tm en t o f th e m on k ey w i fe b y h u r l i n g h er i n a n g er -

a ga i n s t th e w a ll i s ex a ctly l ik e th e d i sen ch a n tm en t o f th e fr og p r i n ce -

in Gr i m m N0 1 ,Thi s con cei ti

. s m os t u n u s u a l a n d i tm i g h t b e a d d ed , , ,

un r ea so n a b le H en ce this iden tity of deta il in two s tories so fa r

.

r em o ved i n ever y o ther wa y i s p a r ti cu l a r ly s tri

ki ng I k n ow of n o .

fu r th er occu r ren ces o f th e n ci

i den t .

l
30 . TH E GO L DEN L ocK .

Lon g a g o th er e l i ved i n a di s ta n t kin g d o m a n influ en tia l n oble

n a m ed Lud ovico , w h o va stly incr ea sed h is w ea l th by h is m a r
ria g e to a r ich h ei r es s ca ll ed C l o ti
ld e Du r in g th e fir s t ten yea r s .

o f th eir un i o n s h e h a d n ever peeped ou t o f h er w i ndow or stirr ed

o u t o f h er r oo m : s h e o nly w a lked to th e d oor o f h er ch a m ber to

bi d fa r ew ell to h er hu s ba nd or to r ecei ve h i s p a r ti
ng kiss w h en h e
w a s o ff to a ttend to h i s o ffi a l bu s i
ci n ess a n d to m eet h im w ith a ,

1 N a rra te d b y Vi t cen e H ila r i

o of B a ta n g a s . B a ta n ga s , w h o h ea r d th e stor y fro m an

old man (no w d d) f

ecea se rom th e ba rri
o of B a la ya n .
2 50 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n F ol k Lor e Soci
ety -
.

Nobody b u t h er hu sba n d and m e i

s a ll ow ed to see h er ,
th e ug ly old h a g .

Pi o th en sa t d ow n a n d beg a n to ta lk to h er B y hi s p er .

s u a si c to u ch o f h i
ve l a ng u a g e a n d th e m a g n eti s h a nd s h e ea s i ly
ins inu a ted h im self in to h er confid ence Th en d r opping a p iece .
,

o f g old o n h er p a l m h e sa i
d Will you tell m e th e secr ets o f
, ,

you r m istr ess ?

Th e o ld w om a n l ooked a t h i m s us picio u s ly b u t th e br i ll ia n t ,
”
co i n proved too g rea t a tem p ta tion for h er C l oti lde s h e .
,
“
sa id h as th r ee g old en l ocks o f h a i
,
1
r und er h er l ef t a r m p i t .

I know th is fa ct beca u se I ba the h er ever y da y

, .

Pi o h ea ved a d eep g ro a n a n d tu r n ed h i s fa ce a s id e Af ter .

r ecover i n g h im self h e d r opped a noth er g old p i

, ece i n to th e h a n d -

“
o f th e ch a per o n a n d s a i d Will you g et on e o f th ose locks for
, ,
"
m e?
Sh e h esita ted b u t h is el oqu en ce w a s irr es is tibl e
, I ll g ive .
'

"
y o u t h e l oc k to m o rr o w s h e
-
sa i
d P i
o th en d e,p a r ted a n d .
,

s h e r etu r n ed to h er m i s tr ess .

Ea r ly th e n ex t m orn ing w h il e th e old w om a n w a s ba th ing ,

C l o tild e a s u s u a l s h e pulled o u t on e o f C l otild e s g olden l ocks

,
’
.

“ ” “ "
m ed C l o ti
’
Ar a y ! ex cl a i ld e w h a t s th e m a tter w ith you ? ,

“
Never m ind never m ind ! s a id th e old w om a n with m a ny
,
"

“
ca r ess es Th i
.s is th e only r ew a r d I w a n t for m y m a ny f a i th
ful ser vices to you .

I g nor a n t o f the tr ea so n a ble in tr ig ues o f h er ch a per on C l otild e ,

sa i d no th in g m or e B efor e noo n P io a r r ived With trem bl ing

. .

h a nds a n d p a l e ch eeks th e old w om a n g a ve him th e g olden ,

l ock Sh e w a s a m ply r ew a r d ed w ith a pu r se o f g old I g n or a n t

. .

o f th e fa ta l co n seq u en ces o f h er tr ea ch er ou s a ct sh e g a yly ,

w en t b a ck to C l o ti lde s p r iva te ch a m ber ’

.

Pi o l ef t th e to w n l a te i n th e a fter n oon a n d s oo n a rr i ved a t ,

th e ca p i ta l Lud o vi co w a s s tr u ck a g h a s t a t th e s i
.
g h t o f t h e

g o ld e n l o c k H e a t o n c.e w r o te a l etter to h is w ife w h ich r a n

i n p a r t a s fo ll ow s :

“
I ha ve s pen t ten yea rs of m y l ife in per fect ha pp in ess w ith you I .

ex pected to e j o y u ch b l i fu l d a y for a m u ch l o g er per i

n s od
ss B u t n ow s n .

ever y th ing i s h o pel ess My l ife sha ll b e en ded b y violen ce b eca u se

.
,

o f you r fa i th l ess n ess We sha ll see ea ch o ther n o m or e R eceive

. .

th e sa d fa r ew ell of y ou r L u d ovi
”
co .

1
G ld i thi y d
o en ,
”
tmn m ly
s s tor f th l f g ld
. b t l
oes n o m d ea n ere o e co or o o . u a so a e

f g ld
”
o o .
 li
Fi pino P opu la r Ta les .

Wh en C l otilde r ea d th is l etter s h e sw oon ed Wh en sh e ca m e

, .

to h er s en ses s h e a w oke as fr o m a tra n ce

, B u t w h en s h e b e .

h eld th e letter a g a in s h e r ea d a g a in th e o ppr obr ious wor d

,
”
fa ithl ess n ess in h er hu sba nd s h a nd wr iting Sh e d id n ot ’
.

kn ow w h a t a ct o f d isloya l ty s h e h a d co m m itted Sh e m oved .

a bo u t i n h er r oo m by fits a n d s ta r ts At l a s t a th o ug h t ca m e to
.

h er m i nd : s h e sen t for th e bes t g old s m ith in tow n a n d told h im ,

to m a ke h er a g old s l i pper a d orn ed w ith pr eciou s s ton es Under .

h er s tr i ct s upe r vi sio n th e w or k w a s co m pl eted i n a m a r vello u s ly

’

s h o r t ti me . Th en s h e p u t on her bes t cl oth es a n d th e pr eci o us

sl ipper a n d with a ll poss ible ex ped ition se t ou t for L u d ovico

, .

C l o ti ld e a r r ived in th e city j us t a few m inu tes befor e th e

ex ecu ti on
. Sh e d r ove d i r ectly to th e ki n g s pa vil ion Her ’
.

o n ly co m pa n i o n w a s th e s a m e o ld w o m a n w h o h a d ca u sed a ll

th i s tr o ubl e . Th e tu r bul en t perso ns w h o h a d g a th er ed i n

th e publ i c s qu a r e to w i tn ess th e h orr i bl e s pecta cl e w er e a w ed by

th e l ovel i n ess a n d m a g n ificen t a ttir e o f C lotild e Wh en s h e .

r ea ch ed th e k i ng a n d a s ked h im for a ll the d eta ils con cer n ing

,

Lud ovi co s ca se a n d w h en th e ki ng h a d g iven h er a ll th e in

’
,

for m a tion h e could s h e tu r n ed a n d poin ted tow a r d P io a n d sa id

, , ,
“
Th a t m a n h a s s tol en m y o th er s l i pper w h ich l ooks l ike th is
”
o n e I a m w ea r i ng .

Th e k i ng ca ll ed P io from th e pl a ce w h er e h e w as s ta n d ing ,
“
a n d to ld h i m a ll a bo u t th e fa i r l a dy s a ccu s a ti
’
on I h a ve n ot .

” “
co m m i tted a n y cr i m e aga i n s t h er sa id P io a ng r ily I d on t ’
.
,
”
even kn ow h er Th i
. s i s th e fi rs t ti m e I h a ve ever seen h er .

“ ” “
Si ,r sa id C l otild e sn eer ing ly w h y th en d id you tell h is, , ,

Ma j es ty a n d oth er perso n s th a t yo u h a ve d iscover ed m y secr ets ?

I a m th e w ife o f L udovico w h ose l ife you h a ve th r ea tened to
,

en d by yo u r d ecei t I know n ow by w ha t m ea n s you go t posses

.

"
si o n o f m y g o ld en l ock .

lde s s ta tem en t sea l ed P io s fa te He w a s h a ng ed in

’
C l o ti
’
.

pl a ce o f L ud ovico w h o d eeply r eg retted h a ving doubted h is

,

fa ithful w ife An d w h a t h a ppened to th e old w o m a n w h o

.
,

p r eferr ed th e g old o f a n im pos to r to th e k indn ess of a vir tuou s

w o m a n ? Th e h a g w a s sen ten ced to s pe nd th e r em a i nder of
h er l i fe in a d a m p dr ea r y dung eon
, .

NO TE S .

A close Ta g a log p a ra llel is to b e fou n d in the las t pa rt of the m etrica l

tled ( i
n En g l is h tr a n s la ti
“
r om a n ce en ti on ) The L i
fe of Du k e Alm a n zo r
 Mem oirs of the A m er i
ca n F olk Lor e Soci
ety -
.

a nd the Ki
nd and C lever
Ma ria in the Kin g dom of To ledo w hen it ,

w a s u n der th e Moors
”
My cop y b ea rs n o da te b u t R eta n a m en
.
,

ti on s a n ed i tion before 1 89 8 ( No Th e poem i s in 402 q u a tr a i

ns .

o f 1 2 s yll a ble li
- n es Th e secti on w hi ch resem b les ou r s tor y beg i
. ns at

l in e 1 2 60 a n d m a y b e pa ra ph ra sed in prose a s follow s

,

Soo n a fter t i h
s , Al m a n zor wa s b a p ti zed ( he h a d b een a Moor ) , a n d w a s

m a rr i ed to Ma ri a After a few m o n t s of a pp
. i h
fe, the d u k e w a s ca l ed h yl l
a wa y to Co r do va o n i m po r ta n t b u s i n ess en Du k e Al m a n zor a rr i. Wh
ved a t
the co u r t o f the Go vern or o f C or do va , he fou n d t a t a ll the n o b em en w ere h l
p r ese n t A. s h e a r r iv e d so m e w a t a te , h e e x c u se h l
d im se f b y s a in g th a h
t h e l y
wa s n ew ly
m a rr i ed , a n d t a t he cou d n o t ea ve hi h l
s wi fe a n y soo n er l m on g . A
l
the n o b es w a s a p r o u d , se f co n fiden t m a n n a m ed
-
l b d a a , w h o, w en A l h
Alm a n zor h a d n i fi h
s ed s p ea k i n g , r em a r k ed t a t h e ( b d a la ) d i d n o t m ea n to h A
y
m a rr , as he cou d ver l ea s i y ly
sed u ce a n y w om a n , he s he u n m a rri ed o r a

wi fe . Al m a n zor w a s a n g er ed b y t i s rem a r k He sa i hd to b d a a ,
“
a ve . A l Ih
m y wi fe i l
n To ed o : g o a n d see i f you ca n sed u ce h er
”
b d a a sa i d t a t t ere . A l h h
wa s n o dou b t o f hi s b ei n g a b e to do so l w a ger of d ea t for th e oser . A h l
wa s a g reed u po n .

A
b da a i l
m m ed i a te ly
se t o u t fo r To edo l
He tried to g a in a ccess to the .

’
l
d u k e s pa a ce ; b u t ever sin ce her u s b a n d s dep a r tu r e, Ma ri
’
h a h a d or der ed

the ser va n ts to k eep a ll the w i n do w s a n d doo r s closed Moreover , n ob od . y

b u t wo m en were a ow ed to en ter the p a a ce ll l
b d a l a w a s a b o u t to gi ve u p . A
in des p a i h
r , w en h e m et a so r cer ess , w ho o fl er ed to e p hi m T i s wi tc
'

hl . h h
g a in e d a d m i tt a n c e i n t o th e p a a c e , a n d w a s a lo w e d to p ass t h e n ig t t e re ll h h .

At m i dn i g t th e hh a g s e cr e t w e n t t o M a rilya s b e d r o o m a n d j o tt e d d o w n a
’

b ri ef d es cr i p tio n o f it T e n s h e c u
. t o fl h a o c k o f M a r ia
’
s a ir T
'

h e l h .

n ex t m o r n i n g th e w i tc eft th e p a a ce hl l
She w e n t to b da a a n d g a ve him
. A l ,

l
th e ock o f a i hr , tog e t er w i h
t the d es cr i p t i o h
n o f th e b e d r oo m .

A
b da a l h
u rr i ed ly
r etu r n ed to C o r d o va en he r ea c ed th e p a a ce, . Wh h l
th e g over n or a t o n ce a ssem b ed the n o b es l b d a a t en s ow ed the ock l . A l h h l
of h
ai r , a n d d escr i b ed m i n u te Ma ria s b ed r oo m ly Alm a n zor w a s a s k ed
’
.

h
w a t he ha d to s a y The n o b e d u k e sa i
. l
d t a t he a ck n ow ed g ed to b e tr u e h l
ever t i yh ng t at h A
b d a a h a d sa i d l
T en the g over n or or dered h i
. h s g u a r ds to

ta k e the d u k e to p ri so n The d u k e w a s to b e b e ea ded o n the t ir d da y

. h h .

Wh l ie i n p ri so n , Du k e Al m a n zo r w r o te to h i s wi fe, te i n g h er of hi s co m i ng ll
h
dea t l
Ma ria r eso ved a t o n ce to sa ve her u sb a n d She w en t to C or dova ,
. h .

y
ca rr i n g wi h
t her a ll h er w ea t lh
She ha d a fa m o u s j ew e er m a k e for her a
. ll
la g
r e b
, ea u tif u e a r -
ri l
ng .

Th e t i h
r d d a y ca m e, a n d the so d i l
er s too k Du k e Al m a n zor o u t of p r i so n .

The g o ver n or a n d a ll th e n o b es a ccom p a n i l

ed th e d u k e to th e p a za w ere l h
he w a s to b e ex ecu ted Ma ria sto p ped the p rocess io n a n d a dd r essed th e
.
,

g o v e r n o r t u s : h
M y o r d , d o y ou sl ee t is e a r r in g ?
"
T h e h
g o v e r n o r n od d ed -
.

“
h I
T en a s k you to g i ve m e j u s ti ce My o t er ea r rin g w a s s to e n b y t a t
. h -
l h
g e n tl e m a n w h o is s t a n d i n g n ea r y o u , a n d s h e o i
p n ted a t b da a a s s h e A l
m a d e the a ccu sa ti on b d a a b eca m e ver
. A l a n gr He s a i d
“
I do n t y y .
,
’

k n ow yo u I h
a ve n ever see n yo u b efo r e
°
Ho w co u d s tea o u r ea r
. l I ly
ri ng ?
”
h
Do you sa y t a t you a ve n ever seen m e b efor e ? Ma r i h ”
a a s k ed .

“
I d o sa y so , s a i
”
d b d a a em p a ti A l ca
“
h
, t lly
en d o you c a i . m t at Why h , l h
yo u h
a ve b een i n m y r oo m , a n d t a t g a v h I
e yo u a ock o f m y a i r?
"
Ma ria l h
 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n F olk L or e Soci
ety -
.

O n the old m a n s co m p a i ni ng a ter of hi

’
l
s g u es t s s tr a n g e d ivi l
si o n o f th e
’

bi r d , the g i r ex p a i l l
n s to h er fa t er j u st w h y the p ri h
n ce a cted a s h e d i d .

The p rin ce over ea rs her , a d m i h

res her w i t, fa l s i n o ve w i t her , a n d m a rries l l h
her . So m e ti m e a fter w a r d the p ri n ce i s ca ed to Eg p t o n b u s i n ess He ll y .

lea ves h i s wi fe b e i nd at h
o m e, a n d s h e p r o m i h
ses to b e ver di s cr eet The y .

p ri n c e c o m m u n ica te s h e r p r o m ise to a f r i
e n d , w h o w a g er s t a t h e w i be h ll
l
a b e to te th e p ri ll
n ce o f a n y d efects o n her b o d The fr ien d g oes to y .

h
the o m e o f the p ri n ce a n d b r i be ts h e a d in -
wa iting She i n for m s h i m l y -
.
,

h
t a t, b ea u ti l
fu a s th e ou n g w i fe i y
s , s he h a s a s tr a w b err m a r k o n h er y -

h l
s o u der en th e p r i
. Wh
n ce, o n h i s retu r n , i s to d t i s i n ti m a te d eta i b y h i s l h l
fri en d h e i s ver
, a n g r , a n d , g oi ngy y
o m e, a ccu ses h i s wi fe of fa i t ess n ess h hl .

She p r oves h er in n ocen ce b y g oi n g b efor e the k i n g a n d s wea ri n g t a t h er h

ma i gln er h a s s to e n o n e o f h e r g o l
d e n s ipp e rs H e d e n ie s th e c a r gle , a n d l . h
h
sw ea r s t a t h e h a s n ever seen h i s a ccu ser b efore T u s se f con vi cted , h e i s . h l -

im p ri so n ed for m a n ea rs yy .

The Men ton es e fo l k -

ta le a nd R odo l fo em p h a s i
ze n ot o n ly th e
rtu e of th e
vi fe , b u t h er
wi l
c ever n ess a s defin i
we ll
tely con n ect
, and

th e C has ti
ty l with ou r W a ger ”
cyc e No 7 Wh ile it wou ld b e d iffi
. .

cu l t to m a i n ta i n s u ccess fu lly tha t th e ty W a g er cycle a n d th e

C ha s ti
C lever La ss g rou p a re des cen ded from the sa m e pa r en t I rea lly
“ "
,

b el ieve th e l a tter to b e m u ch the o lder t seem s tha t we ha ve a

i ,

so r t o f co m bi n a tion o f th e tw o as ea r ly a s th e ti m e of th e Tutin am eh -

co ll ecti on I n the fo llow i

. n g s to r y ta k en fr om tha t com p i la tion tra ces ,

o f b o th cycl es m a y b e d i s cern ed th ou g h cl ea r ly th e ta l e is m or e n ea rly ,

rel a ted a s a w ho le to th e Cha s ti ty W a g er g r o u p T h is P ers i

a n .

s tor y i tl ed Th e Nob l em a n a n d th e Sol d i er s W i

“
fe wh ose V i
’
s en ti r ,

” “
tu e h e p u t to th e P r oo f ( No 4 pp 4 2 H
.
, , . . of Th e Tooti n a m eh ; o r ,

Ta les of a P a r ro t : i
n th e P er s i
a n La n g u a g e , th a n E n g l i
wi s h Tra n s la

ti
on ; Ca l cu tta , 1 7 92 An on of
dg ed vers i
a b ri t follows
i

In a n ci
cer ta i t ii ta r y
m a n w ho h a d a ver
dwe t l b ea u ti
a fu l w i
m l
fe y y .

l y
He w a s a w a s u n der a p p r e en s i h
o n o n h er a cco u n t ; a n d o n e d a y, a fter h e h a d

b een i d e a on g ti l l
m e, s h e a s k ed h i m w h y he h a d q u i tted hi s p r o fess ion .

“
h
He a n s w ered , I a ve n o co n d en ce in yo u , a n d t er efo r e I d o n o t g o a n y fi h
h
w er e i n q u es t o f em p o m en t
”
Th e w i fe to d h i ly
m t a t h e w a s p er ver s e
. l h
fo r n o o n e co u d sed u ce a vi l
r tu o u s w o m a n a n d a vi ci ou s w o m a n n o u sb a n d , h
l
co u d g u a r d s u ccess fu lly h
T en s h e to d h i l m a s to r y . ll
to i u s tr a te th e
seco nd typ f wi f Wh h k d if h h d yth i g m t y t h im
eo e. en e as e s e a an n or e o sa o ,

sh e re
p l i d I t i i
geh t f , y o
“
t t v l sd r k v i I
or w ill g ivu o ra e an s ee s er ce. e

y ou f h a g y
res l g th
n o se a g y ti : as i th ion t t as y e n ose a co n n u es n s s a e, ou

m y b
a d th t I h v
e a ss u re t mmi tt d y
a b d ti ; aif t h
e no g y co e an a ac on e n os e a

sh ld w ith y w ill th k w th t I h v b e g il ty f m f l t
ou er , ou en no a a e en u o so e au .

Th ldi h d d h w d
e so er d eet t
e j er y t k i g th
or s, a n g y se ou on a ou r n e , a n e n os e a

wi th h im Wh h . iv d t t i en ity h e a rrt d th e vi a f a cer a n c , e e n er e e ser ce o a

no bl m f th t p l
e an o Wi t c m a d th a ce.bl m w t
n er ih d a e on , a n e no e an a s a s on s e

t th
o see l di w i g f he so g
er y v y d y
ea r n th g h fla w r esw n o se a e er a , ou o er s er e

p ti
ra c lly t
ca t i b l d h
u na k d h im
a na b t ite, T h an l d i t l
e d as e a ou . e so er o

him th t h i w i f h d gi
a v th
s g y e t h im a m b l m
en f h e n ose a o as an e e o er
 li
Fi p i
no P opu la r Ta les .

h
c as ti
t y ; th at as lo ng as i
t con ti
n u ed fres h , h e w as s u re t ath her h o n or

wa s u n s p o tted .

Now , l
h a d tw o coo k s r em a r k a b e for t ei
th e n o b em a n r cu n n i ng a nd l h
a d r oitn ess To o n e o f t ese h e sa id ,
.
“
R ep a i h
r to th e so d i
’
er s co u n tr , l y
h
w ere, t r ou g h
a r ti ce a n d decei h t, co n tri fi
ve to fo r m a n i n ti m a c wi t hi s y h
wi fe, a n d r etu r n q u ickly wi th a pa r ti cu la r a ccou n t of her T en w e s a l . h h l
see w et er t i h hs n oseg a co n tihn u es fres or n o t
"
y The cook , in a ccor da n ce h .

wi t hih s m a s ter s co m m a n d , w en t to th e so d i
’
er s ci t a n d se n t a p r ocu ress l ’
y ,

to the w i fe w i t hi s m ess a g e h
Th e wi fe d i d n ot a s se n t di r ectl , b u t to d
. y l
th e p r o cu r ess to sen d th e m a n to h er , so t a t s h e m i g t see w e t er h e w a s h h h h
a g r eea b e o r n o t l
Th e w i fe m a de a secr et a ss i
.
g n a t io n w it th e c oo k , but h
tr a p ped h i m i ll
n a d r y w e ; a n d w en h e fo u n d th a t h e co u d n o t g et o u t, h l
h e co n fessed th e n o b em a n s p o t
’
l
en th e coo k d i l
d n o t re tu r n , the . Wh
l
n o b em a n se n t th e seco n d coo k ; b u t h e fa red n o b etter : he too w as ca p tu r ed

in th e sa m e w a y b y th e cl ever wi fe Now th e n o b em a n r eso ved to g o him . l l

l
se f . He se t o u t u n der the p r etex t of u n tin g , a cco m p a n i ed b y th e so di er h l .

Wh en t e a rr i hy
ved a t the so d i er s ci
'
t , th e so d i l
er w en t to h i s ow n om e y l h
a n d p r ese n ted th e fr es n oseg a to h i s wi h
fe, w ho to d hi y
m a l l t a t ha d l h
h a pp en ed So the n ex t d a y the so d i
. er co n d u cted the n ob em a n to hi s l o m e, l h
h
w er e a os p i h
ta b e en ter ta i n m en t w a s g i l ven hi m Th e tw o coo k s , u n der .

p r o m ise o f s u b se q u e n t i b e r t , c o n se n te d to d r essl a s w o my e n a n d w a it o n t h e

g u es ts e n t
. h e n o b Wh
e m a n sa w t e m , h e f a i ed lto r ec o g n iz e t e m , f o r th e ir l h h
l fi
o n g co n n em e n t a n d b a d a i r h a d m a d e t em t i n a n d pa e He a s k ed th e h h l .

sold i er a b o u t th e
“
g ir s , b u t t h e so d ier to d l
t h e c o o k s to t e t e ir o w n l l ll h
s to r y h
T en th e n o b em a n r ecog n i
. l
zed t em ; a n d w en t e tes ti ed to h h hy fi
th e w o m a n s c a s ti h y
t , h e w a s a b a s ed , a n d a s k ed for g i
’
ven ess for h i h
s o ffe n ces .

An other Ori
ea for m of th i
s s to r y is g ivenb y Som a deva , cha p ter
(Ta w n ey The Stor y
“ ”
x 1 11 , 1 : 85 o f Devas m ita I t ru n s i
n pa r t .

as fo llows
H er e , on the divi
d ep a r tu r e
ni t Si va sa s to the
of the h u sb a n d, the y y
co u p e, l
Ta k e ea c of yo u o n e o h
es e r ed o tu ses ; a n d i f ei t er o f yo u s a f th l , h h ll
b e u n fa i t fu d u ri ng h l o n , the o tu s i
o u r sep a r a ti n th ey a n d o f th e o t er l h h
s a h ll fa de, b u t n o t o t er w i se
”
h
T en the h u s b a n d s e t o u t fo r a n o t er . h h
ci y h
t , w er e h e b eg a n to b u y a n d se j ew e s Fo u r m er c a n ts of t a t ll l . h h
y
co u n tr , a s to n i s ed a t th e n ever - fa d i h
n g o tu s i n hi s a n d , w o r m ed th e secr et l h
o u t o f th e u s b a n d b y m a ki h
n g hi m d r u n k , a n d t en p a n n ed th e sed u cti on h l
o f th e w i fe o u t o f m ere cu ri o sit To a id t em in t ei r p an, t e ha d r e y . h h l hy
co u r se to a fem a e a s ceti c l
Sh e w en t to the w i fe, a n d a ttem p ted to m ove
.

h er to p i t y
b y s ow in g h er a w eep i ng bi h
tc w i c s he sa i d w a s o n ce a h , h h
w o m a n b u t w a s tr a n s fo r m ed i
, n to a do g b eca u se o f her a d
r -
ea r ted n ess h h
h
[ for t is device w or k ed w it b etter s u cces s ; see G es ta R o m a n or u m , c a p h h .

x x v m] Th e w i fe di
. vin ed th e p o t a n d th e m o ti ve o f the ou n g m er c a n ts , l y h
a n d a p p ea r ed to b e g a d to r ecei l
ve t em ; b u t w en t e ca m e a t a p p oi n ted h h hy
ti h
m es s h e d r u gg ed t em , a n d b r a n ded t em o n the fo r e ea d w i
, t an i ro n h h h
do g s foo t
’
h
T en s he ca s t t e m o u t n a k ed in a d u n g - ea p
. h
Th e p ro cu r ess h .

l
w a s a ter ser ved even w orse : her n ose a n d ea rs w ere cu t o fl Th e o u n g
'

. y
wi fe fea r i
, h
n g t a t for r even g e th e fo u r m er c a n ts m i g t g o s a h er u s b a n d , h h ly h
l
to d h e r w o e s to r h l
to her m o t er i -
a la w
-
y
Th e m o t er in la w p ra i
- - sed h . h
h er fo r h er co n d u ct, a n d devi sed a p a n to sa ve h er so n The w i se wi fe l .
 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n Fol k L or e Soci
ety -
.

di sg u ised h l
erse f a s a m er c a n t, a n d em b a r k ed i h
n a s i p t o th e co u n tr y h
h
w er e her u s b a n d was h en s he a rr i Wh
ved t ere, s he sa w hi
. m i n t he m i ds t h
of a ci l
r c e o f m er c a n ts He, seei h
n g h er a fa r o ff i
. n the d r ess o f a m a n ,

thou g t to i h m se f,
“
h l
Who m a y t is m er c a n t b e th a t oo k s so ik e m y b e h h l l
loved w i fe ? B u t s he we n t to the kin g , sa i d t a t s he h a d a peti tio n to h
p rese n t, a n d as k e d h im to a ss e m b e a l l h i
s s u b j ec ts H e d idl so a n d a s k e d .
,

h
h er w a t her p eti tio n was She rep li ed ,
“
T ere a re resi
. di ng er e fou r es h h
ca p ed sl a ves of m i n e ; let the k i n g gi ve t em b a ck to m e
"
She w a s to d to h . l
p ic k o u t h e r s a v e s , w ic s h el d id , c oo s i
nh h
g t h e f o u r m er c a n ts w hh o h a d h
h
t ei r h
ea ds ti ed u p en a s k ed h ow t ese d i
. Wh s tingui s ed m erc a n ts so n s
’
h h h
l
co u d b e her s a ves , s h e sa i d, l Ex a m in e t eir fore ea ds , w ic m a r k ed h h h h I
wi h
t a dog s foo t
"
So do n e
’
The tr u t ca m e o u t ; the o t er m er c a n ts
. . h h h
p a id th e w ife a a r g e s u m o f m o n e l t o r a n so m t h e fou r , a n d a y
l so a fi n e t o th e

ki
’
n g s tr ea s u r y .

There b e n o dou bt o f a r a ther close r ela ti

ca n on s hi p b e tw een t h e

P ers ia n a n d th e I n d i a n s tor ies ; n o r ca n ther e b e a n y d ou bt, i t seem s to

m e, o f th e r ela ti y W ”
o n sh i p o f th e
s e t w o w it h th e C h a s tit a g er cyc le .

Th e a dditi on a l deta i ls in Som a deva s n a rra tive con n ect it w ith Eu ro

’

p ea n M a rchen ; e g J , F C a m p b ell , N o. 1 8 a.n d G r.oo m e

.
, N o 33 . , . .

O u r s tor y of th e Go lden Lock , as well as the va r i a n ts , i

s un

question a bly a n im por ta tion from Eu rope ; b u t w ha t th e im m edia te

sou r ce of th e ta le i s , I a m u n a ble to s a y For th e con ven i en ce o f a n y, .

however , who a r e in teres ted in this g rou p o f stor ies , a n d ca re to m a k e

a fu r ther s tu d y o f i t, I g i ve here a l i s t o f th e occu rren ces o f th e ta le

in litera tu r e a n d i n p o p u l a r for m I n li ter a tu r e th i s s tor y i n Eu ro pe .

,

da tes from th e en d of th e twel fth cen tu r y .

R om a n de G u i a u m e de Do e ( c ll Ed b y G Ser vo i l
s fo r th e Soc . . . .

des An c Tex tes fr a n ga i .s P a ri s , 1 893 . .

R om a n de la Vi o ette ( 1 3th cen tu r ) l

Ed b y Mi c e 1 834 y . . hl . .

R om a n d u C om te de P oi ers ( 1 3th cen tu r )

ti Ed b y Mi c e 1 8 31 y . . hl . .

l
Le roi F or e et la b e e J o a n n e ( a 1 3th cen tu r p rose s tor )ll h Pub i s ed y y . l h
b y L Mo a n d et C d Heri
.
’
l
ca u l t i n No u ve es fr a n ga i
. ses e n p r o se d u x i ii‘
ll
si écle, 1 8 56 : 87 1 57 ; a so i
— n Mo n m er q u é et Mi l
c e , T eatre fr a n c ai s hl h
y
a u Mo en Ag e, 1 842 : 4 1 7 .

l h
Mir a c e de O t o n , roy d Esp a ig n e (a 1 4 th cen tu r m ira c e) , in the Mira cles
’
y l
de Nos tr e Da m e Pub i s ed b y G P a ri . l h
s a n d U R o b er t fo r th e Soc d es . . .

An c Tex tes fr a n ca i
. s, 4 3 5 3
1 -
88 ; a n d in M o n m er q u é e t M ic e , o p cit hl .

p 4 .
3 1 f .

P er cefores t, b k i v , ch 1 6 , 1 7 ( a n ep i . sod e , w er e the c a s ti

. t to k en i s a h h y
r ose) , r eto d b y B a n de o , p a r t l , n ov 2 1 ( cf R ll
Ko er , i n J I
a h r b f (tr . . . hl .

r om u en g
. li
t, . . .

B occa cci o s Deca m er o n , 2 : 9 ( cf

’
La n d a u , Di e Q u e en des Dek a m er o n , . ll
1 884 : 1 35 i t) .

Two i
m po rta n t tr ea tm en ts o f th e s tor y n d ra m a ti
i c for m a re s i
x

t n th cen tu r
ee -
y s h , Lo pe d e R u eda s
Spa n i
’
w here th e
heroin e cks
tr i her m a l i
g n er b y a ccu s i
n g h i
m of ha vin g s pen t m a ny
2 58 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Folk L ore Soci
-
ety .

as u s u a l you w ill soon becom e in sa ne w ith stories Now I

, .
,

wi ll tell you a stor y on th is cond iti o n : yo u m u st a n sw er th e

question I s h a ll p u t a t th e en d of the n a r ra tive I f you g i ve .

th e cor rect a n sw er th en I w i ll tell you so m e m ore ta l es ; if n o t

, ,
”
w hy you m us t b e unfor tun a te
, An ton io n odded a n d sa i.d , ,
“ ”
Ver y w ell ! a s h e l ea n ed on th e ta bl e to l is ten to h is g ra n d

fa th er Th en th e o ld m a n beg a n
.

Ther e wa s on ce a you n g m a n w ho ha d com p l eted hi

s cou r se o f

s tu dy a n d w a s to b e or d a i
n ed a p r i
es t. Now , w hen ever a m a n wa s
a b ou t to be en tr u sted th th e du ty
wi of bein g
God , a n d ni
a mi s ter of

Ch r i st s r ep resen ta ti ve o n ea r th , i t w as th e cu s tom to tr a ce h i
’
s an

ces tr y b a ck a s fa r a s po s s ible, to see tha t there wa s n o b a d m em b er

on a n y bra n ch of h i s fa m ily tree I n qu iries were m a de a n d in form a
.

on wa s sou g h t reg a r d i n g th e you n g m an s rel a ti Un fortuna m

’
ti ves .

hi s m o ther s bro ther wa s a n i B u t the b oy wa n ted ver y

’
n su rr ecto .

m u ch to becom e a p r i es t so he set ou t fo r Mo u n t B a n a ha w to look for

,

hi s u n cle .

As h e was wa l k i n g a lon g the m o u n ta i

“
n roa d , h e ca m e a cr oa hi s

u n cle, b u t n either k n ew th e other The u n cle h a d a lon g b olo i

. n hi s

ha n d . Hold ! shou ted th e o ld m a n a s th e b oy ca m e in si

’

g h t H an d s .

up !
’

‘
en tr ea ted th e yo u n g m a n I a m a frien d n ot a n .
,

en emy .
’

“‘
W ha t a re yo u doi n th i
ng i s pa r t of th e co u n tr y then ?
, Ha ve
s py ?
’
yo u co m e to
‘
No ,
’
d
sa i th e you th . I ha ve com e in sea r c h of m y u n cle n a m ed
Pa u li n o , g en era l o f th e P a tr i ots o f B a n a ha w
’
.

‘
An d w ho a re you to seek fo r h i m ? W ha t i s you r n a m e ?
’

Federi
’
co .

‘ ‘
Th e u n cle s ta red a t h i I f tha t is so , h e sa id , I a m the m a n
’
m .

y o u a r e loo k i
n g fo r I a m y o.u r u n c le
’
F ed er i co wa s a m a zed b u t
.
,

wa s ver y g l a d to ha ve fou n d h i s u n cl e so eas i ly Then the old m a n .

took h i s n ep hew to th e ca ve w her e h e dw el t w i th h i s so l di

ers .

“
W eek s pa ssed b y, m on ths ela psed , b u t F ederico n ever thou g h t of
g o in g b a c k to h i
s m o th er So o n e d a y
. F ed er i
c o
’
s fa ther w en t o u t to

seek fo r h i s son , a n d so on fou n d h i m a n d hi s u n cl e Th e fa ther , too , .

r em a i n ed ther e wi th th e so ld i ers , a n d n ever thou g h t o f g oi n g b a ck

hom e .

“
O n e da y J osefa r ecei
ved n ews tha t th e b a n d i
ts o f B a n a ha w h a d
been ca u g ht b y th e g overn m en t a u thor i ties Am on g the p rison ers .

w ere her b rother P a u l i co , a n d h er h u s b a n d

n o , h er so n F eder i Th e .

ca p ti
ves were to b e ex ecu ted a t su n r i
se thou t
wi a ny tr i
a l . J osefa
hu r r ied to the ca pi th h i
ta n gen era l , a n d p ea ded w i m l to l
r e ea se h er
h u sb a n d , h er so n her bro ther
, a nd B es id es , th e w om a n p resen ted
.

the o fficer wi th som e g i fts She p lea ded so ha rd , tha t fin a lly the
.

ca pi ta n gen era l w a s m oved w i th p ity He con sen ted to relea se on e o f .

th e p r i so n ers , b u t on e on ly J osefa did n ot k n ow wha t to do W hom

. .

shou l d sh e select o f th e th r ee , h er h u sb a n d , th e other ha l f of h er

l ife ; her son , the fr u it of her love ; or her b rother , tha t b rother who ca m e
fr om th e sa m e wom b a n d s u ck ed the sa m e m il k from the sa m e m other ?
To l
ta k e on e w ou d m ea n to con dem n th e other tw o to dea th Sh e
shed to
wi sa ve them a ll , b u t sh e w a s a llow ed to select on ly on e .

If you An ton io w er e in h er pl a ce w h om w ould you sel ect?

, , ,

An ton i o di d n ot s pea k for so m e m om en ts b u t w i th kn i tted ,

eyebr ow s l oo ked u p to th e cei l ing a n d tr ied to th ink of th e

a n sw er .

Nonsense ! ex cl a im ed th e g ra ndfa th er ; you ca nnot find

”

th e a n s w er i n th e cei l ing ! You r ea lly d o n ot kn ow do you ? ,

Ver y w ell I w ill g ive you u n til n ex t Tu esd a y to g et yo u r

.

a n sw er . You h a ve o n e w eek i n w hi ch to th i nk it ou t Tell .

m e th e corr ect a n sw er befor e you g o to s ch oo l on th a t da y .

Wh en Tuesd a y ca m e An ton io h a d g otten th e a n sw er to h is

,

b h i b
’

g r a ndf a th er s pu zz l e ta l e ; u t t
-
e r a s ca lly l t tl e o y d ec e iv ed
th e old m a n : h e h a d so u g h t th e i nfor m a tion fr om h is u ncle .

“
If you w er e in th e pl a ce of th e w om a n a sked th e pl a yfu l ,
“ ”
g r a ndf a th er w ith a s m il e o n h is fa c e w h o m w o uld y o u s e l ec
, t ?
An ton i o timi dly sa id th a t h e w ould sel ect th e br oth er .

“ ”
You a r e o nly g u ess i ng a r en t you ? sa id old Jul ia n doub t ’
,

fully
”
B a h ! No s i r! sa i
, d th e b oy I ca n g i ve you a r ea so n for
.

”
m y se l ecti on .

Ver y w ell g i ve yo u r r ea son th en

, , .

”
Th e w o m a n w ould b e r i g h t i n se l ec t in g h e r b r o th er
”
B eca u se
B eca u se w h a t to a w om a n i
, s a hu s b a nd ? Sh e ca n m a r r y
”
a ga i n ; s he ca n find a noth er .

“ ”
Th a t is tr u e sa id th e o ld m a n
, .

An d w h a t to a w om a n i s h er so n ? Is i t n ot possi ble to
bea r a n oth er on e a fter s h e m a r r ies a g a in ?
“ ”
To b e s u r e sa i d old J ul ia n
, .

”
But ,co n tinu ed the b oy r a is in g h is voice 13 it poss ibl e
, ,

for h er to br i n g in to th e w or ld a n oth er br oth er ? I s it poss ibl e ?

Th e w om a n s pa r en ts w er e d ea d
’
Therefore s h e w ou ld b e r i
.
g h t
”
in se l ecti ng h er b r oth er in s tea d of h er husba nd or h er so n
‘

.
2 60 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k Lore Soci
ety - .

Ex a ctly so , my b oy, r et r u n ed th e sa ti fi d old m a n

s e ,
“
nodding h is g r a y h ea d . Si
nce you h a ve a n swer ed cor r ectly ,
”
to m orrow I w i
-
ll tell you a n oth er s tor y .

NO TES .

Th i
s sa g a -
l ik e
y is of pecu l ia r l itera r y in terest beca u se of its
s tor

a n ci en t con n ecti on s I k n ow of n o m odern a n a logu es ; b u t there a re

.

tw o ver y old p a r a llel s as well a s tw o u n m i , s ta k a ble r efer en ces to th e

iden ti ca l s i tu a ti on i n ou r s tor y wh i ch da te fr om b efor e the C h r i s tian

era a n d a l so a P er s i
,
a n Marchen th a t g oes ba ck a s fa r a s th e tw el fth

cen tu r y .

H erodotu s ( 111 1 1 9) fir s t tells th e s tor y of a P ers ia n w om a n who

,

ch ooses r a ther to s a ve th e l i fe of her brother tha n of her h u sba n d a n d

ch i ldren .

Wh ll th
en a p i t e co n s
g i t D i h d b
ra ors a i d a ns I t a ar us a een se ze n

p h er n es ,h i h il d s c d h i f m ily
re n , a n] d h d b e p s t i h
a i m , l an a en u n c a n s as a e

f ct
a co d m
ors nd t d th th w i
e ne f o f I t ph
ea , m d t od c
e e o n a er n es ca e an s o on

ti nua ll y t th p l c g t
a e w pi g
a a e -
d w i l i g So D i ft w h il
a es , ee n an a n . a r us a er a e,

see nig th t h a v s a d to t d
e n e er ce se d w p w to h d with p ity f
s an an ee , as uc e or

h er , a n d b d m a e a
g g o t o h
esse n d y er L d y K i g D i g iv
er a n th sa , a , n a r us es ee

a s a b oo th l i n f f e f th y ki m
e o on e o
; hoo w hich th wil t f th ns en c se ou o e

p i
r so n ers . T h ’
h p o d en s d w h il
e b e f h
n w
ere d
‘
aI f th ki g e or e s e a ns er e , e n

g t
ra n s t h l if o
e f o l e I m k h i
n e a o n e, f m y b th D a i w h
e c o ce o ro er .
’
a r u s, en

h h ly hed d y y
‘
e d th
ea r p we re to i , as t g asi in s
g L d ,t h an se n a a n, sa n , a , e

ki g b i
n d th s t ll h i m w hy i
ee e t i th t th p t b y th y h sb d d
a ou a sses us an an

th y h i ld
c d p f
r en , t t
an h v th l if of thy b oth p d H
r e er res o a e e e r er s a re . e

t th th y h i ld d th y h d Sh
’
is no t s o n ea r o ee a s or c b ren , n so ea r a s us an . e

a nsw
‘
d 0 ki g ! i
er e ,
f th g d w in ll I m y h v oth h b d d th
e o s , a a e an er us an an o er

c h ild w h thr en en go ; b t
ese a r e m y f th d m th
ne u o m ore
, as a er a n o er a r e n ,

i ti i mp
s i b l th t I h l d h v
oss e a th s b thou Th t w a m y th
e a no g th er ro er . a as ou

wh k d t h v m y b th d T h d t D i
’
I
en as e o a p e w m ro pp er s a re . e o an a ea r e o ar us

t o h v p k w ll d h g ted t h th o th t h k d d
a e s o en e , an e ra n o er e ne a s e as e an

h er eld t es h w so n , p l e d w ith h
a s so All t h t
ea se h p t t d th er . e r es e u o ea .
”

Th i
s sto r y from
h istor ia n clea r ly s u pp l ied n ot m erel y
th e G r eek
th e thou g h t b u t a l so th e for m of th e refer en ce i n li n es 909 9 1 2 o f -

So phocles An tigo n e I n Ca m p b ell s En g l ish tra n sla tion o f th e

“ ’ ’
.

G reek p la y th e p a s tige w h i ch i
, s pu t i n to th e m o u th o f th e hero i
,ne ,

ru n s th u s
Ah i
u sb a n d
g t b e r l
ep a ced ; a son ,
os t m h l
I f so n w er e os t to m e, m i l
g t yet b e b o r n ; h
B u t wi h
t b o th p a r en ts i dden i n th e to m b , h
No b ro t er m a y a ri h
se to co m for t m e
”
.

C h ron ol ogi ca l ly , th e n ex t tw o occu rr en ces o f th e s to r y a re I n d i an .

“
I n th e U ccha ri g a -
j at a k a
”
( F a u s b oll , N o 6 7 o f u n cer ta i
n d a te, b u t .
,

p os s b
i ly g o i
n g b a c k to th e t h ir d c e n tu r y B C ) we a r e to l d . .
 wr m CEN TAVO m u ms A P R I NCESS ‘
32 . 0N E J AN
U .

In a ncien t tim es in th e a g e of fool ish ness a n d nonsen se th er e

, ,

l ived a poor g am bl er He w a s a ll a l one in th e wor ld : h e h a d n o

.

pa ren ts rel a tives w ife or ch ildren Wh a t l ittl e m oney h e

, , , .

h a d h e s pen t on ca r d s or cock fig h ti ng Every tim e h e pl a yed -

.
,

h e l os t So h e wo uld o ften pa ss w h ol e d a ys w i
. th o u t ea ti ng .

He w ould then g o a round th e tow n beg g i ng like a tr a m p At .

la s t h e deter m ined to l ea ve th e vill a g e to fin d h is for tune .

O n e da y w i th ou t a si
, ng l e cen t in h is pockets h e set ou t on his ,

j our ney As he w a s l a zily w a nder ing a l ong th e roa d h e fo und a

.
,

cen ta vo a n d p i ,cked i t up When h e ca m e to th e nex t vill a g e .

,

h e boug h t w i th hi s coi n a s m a ll na tive ca ke He a te on ly a .

pa r t of th e ca ke ; th e rest he w ra pped in a piece of pa per a n d

p u t in h is p o c k et T h e n h e t
. oo k a w a lk a r o und th e v ill a g e ; b u t ,

soo n beco m i ng tired he sa t dow n by a l ittl e s hop to res t Wh il e

, .
.

r es ti ng h e fell a s l eep As h e w a s lying on th e bench a s l eep

, .
,

a ch i cken ca m e a l ong a n d s eei ng th e ca ke proj ecting fro m h is

, ,

pocket th e ch icken pecked a t it a n d a te it up Tickled by th e

, .

bi th e tr arn p w oke up a n d i m m ed i a tely sei z ed th e

’
r d s bea k ,

p o o r crea tu r e T h e o w n.er c l a im e d th e ch ic k e n ; b u t Ju a n w o uld

n ot gi ve i t up on th e g r o und th a t i
, t h a d ea ten h i s ca ke Indeed .
,

h e a r g u ed so w ell th a t h e w a s a ll ow ed to w a lk a w a y ta k i
, ng th e ,

ch i cken w i th h i m .

Sca r cely h a d h e g on e a m i l e w h en h e ca m e to a noth er vill a g e .

There h e too k a r es t i n a b a r ber s h o p He fell a sl eep a g a i n -

.
,

a n d soo n a dog ca m e i n a n d beg a n to d evo u r h i s ch i cken .

Aw a ken ed by th e poor b i r d s s qu a w ki ng Ju a n j u m ped up a n d ’

ll m unch ing its pr ey In s pite o f th e ba r ber s ’

ca ug h t th e dog s ti .

pr otes t a n d h is r efu sa l to g ive up h is dog Ju a n seized it a n d ,

ca r r i ed i t awa y w i th h i m He p roceed ed on h i s j o u r n ey un ti
. l
h e ca m e to a no th er vi ll a g e As h e w a s pa s s ing by a s m a ll h ou se
.
,

h e fel t th i r s ty : so h e d eci ded to g o in a n d a s k for a d r ink He .

ti ed h i s dog to th e g a te a n d w en t i n Wh en h e ca m e ou t a g a in .
,

h e fo und h i s d og lyi ng dea d th e ir on g a te on top of h im , Evi .

den tly i n i , ts s tr ug g l es to g et l oose th e a n i m a l h a d pull ed th e ,

g a te o v e r W it h o
. u t a w o r d Ju a n pull e d o ff o n e o f t h e ir o n b a r s

fr om th e g a te a n d too k it a w a y w ith h im Wh en th e ow n er .

“
s h o u ted a f ter h i m Ju a n sa i d Th e b a r bel o ng s to m e for yo u r
, , ,
”
g a te ki ll e d m y d o g .

N ted by G g i F d
a rra a Bi
re o r oc l wh h d th e t y f m othe B icol
ron oso . o . o ea r s or ro an r

s tu d
en t. Th e la tter d th th
sa i at e s tor y wa s tra i
ti d
o na l a m ong cols . a n d th a t h e
th e B i
h ad h ea r d it f ro m hi
s g ra n df th a er .
 li
Fi p i
no P opu l a r Ta l es . 2 63

Wh en Jua n ca m e to a w ide r iver he sa t dow n on th e ba nk to ,

r es t .Wh ile h e w a s si tting there h e beg a n to pl a y w ith his ,

iro n b a r tossi, ng it up in to th e a ir a n d ca tch ing it a s it fell , .

O nce h e m i ssed a n d th e b a r fell i

, n to th e r iver a n d w a s los t .

”
Now r i ver
, sa id Jua n sin ce you h a ve tak en m y ir on b ar
, , ,
”
y o u be l o ng to m e Y o u w i ll h a ve t
. o a
p y fo r it So h e s a t .

there a ll d a y w a tch i , ng for peo pl e to com e a long a n d ba th e .

I t h a ppen ed by ch a n ce th a t n ot l ong a f ter th e pr i ncess ca m e ,

to tak e h er ba th When sh e ca m e ou t of th e w a ter Ju a n a p

.
,

h d h d id P in d n kn h h i
’

p r oa c e e r a n s a
, r cess o t you o w ,t a t t s ,

ri ver i s mi ne ? An d since you h a ve touched th e w a ter I h a ve

, ,
”
th e r i g h t t o c l a im y o u .

“
How does i t h a ppen th a t you ow n th i s ri ver ? sa id th e
a s ton i s h ed pr i ncess .

Well pr in cess it w ould tir e you ou t to h ea r the s tor y of how

, ,
”
I a cquired th is r i ver ; b u t I i nsist tha t you a r e m in e .

Ju a n persis ted so s tr ong ly th a t a t l a s t th e pr incess sa id th a t ,

s he w a s w i ll ing to l ea ve th e m a tter to her fa th er s decis ion O n ’

.

h ea r ing Ju a n s s tor y a n d a fter h a ving a s ked him qu es tion a fter

’
,

question the king w a s g rea tly im pressed w ith h is w onder ful

,

rea so n i ng a n d w it ; a n d a s he w a s una bl e to offer a n y refuta tion

,

for Ju a n s a r g u m en t h e w i ll ing ly m a r r ied h is da ug h ter to Jua n

’
.
,

N OTES 0

I k n ow p l
o f n o com
ete a n a l og u es o f th is d ro ll ; b u t p a r tia l va r ia n ts ,

both ser iou s a n d com ic a re n u m er ou s I n ou r s tor y a pen n iless , .

,

u n scr u p u l o u s h ero fin ds a cen ta vo a n d by m ea n s of sop h i sti ca l a r g u

,

m en ts w i th foo l i sh per son s m a k es m or e a n d m ore p ro fita ble ex cha n ges

u n til he win s th e ha n d of a p r in cess A seriou s ta le of a clever person .

sta r ti n g wi th n o g r ea ter ca p i ta l tha n a dea d m ou se a n d fin a lly su ccw d ,

Cu lla k a setth ij ata k a

“ ”
ing i n m a ki n g a fortu n e i s th e , No 4 Thi s - -
, . .

stor y su bseq u en tly m a de i n to Som a deva s g rea t coll ecti

’
ts w a y i on

( T a w n ey 1 : 33
, T h e S t o r y o f th e M “
o u s e M e r ch a n t (c h VI )
”
. .

Here it r u n s a p p rox im a tely a s follows

A p y th w h m oth m ged t g iv h im m d c tio i
oo r ou , ose er a na o e so e e u a n n

w i
r ti g n d ci
an p h i g w d v
er ni d b y h , t g t
as a c t a i i
se h m h n t er o o o a er n r c er c a

wh w o i th h b i
as n t f l
e d i g ca p i
a t l t p o men f g ood f m i
n ly The a o oo r en o a .

y th w e t; d j t h t ed th h
ou n an , us as th t i ch m
e en er w g ily e o u se , a r an as a n r

t l k i g to o th h t Y th i dea d m o e h po the
’
a n m
an er er c a n s so n : o u see s us er e u n

floo r ; v e th t i
en c m m di
a ty b y w h ih a ca p b l
s a o o m w ld cq ire c a e an ou a u

w l th ; b t I g v yo
ea u ay geoo d fo u,th i g f ll o w
ou m a y din a -
rd o
-n fa o n e , n rs, a n , s r

f m i
ro i g th m you h v
n cr eas n e t v , b ee b l to p a v w h t yo
e no e en n a e r eser e a u

go t .
”
T h e p oo t g yo u th
r s ra n a t o c e idert-
t h m c h t t h t h wnou l d sa o e er an a e
2 64 Mem oirs of the America n Fol k L ore Soci
ety -
.

ta l a d va n ced , a n d he wro te
ta k e the dea d m ou se as ca p i a recei
p t for i
t . He
so ld th e m o u se a s ca t m ea t to a cer ta i
n m er c a n t fo r tw o
-
h h l
a n d fu s o f g r a m .

Nex he m a de m ea l of the gr a m , a n d , ta ki
t n g hi s s ta n d b y th e r oa d , civi lly
o ffered food a n d d ri n k to a b a n d of w ood cu tter s t a t ca m e b y Ea c o u t -
h . h ,

of g r a titu de g a ve h i m tw o p i
, eces of w ood T i s w ood h e so d , b ou g t m ore . h l h
g r a m w it a p a r h
t of t h e p r i
c e , a n d o b ta i
n e d m o r e w ood fr o m th e w ood
cu tters th e n ex t da y, etc , u n ti h e w a s a b e i n ti m e to b u y a l l t ei
. l
r w ood for l h
h
t ree da s y y
H ea v r a in s m a de a dea r t of w ood , a n d he so d h is s tock for a
. h l
la r g e su m h
T en he set u p a s op , b eg a n to tra f c, a n d b eca m e weal t
. by h fi hy
hi s ow n a b ii t l y
Now he ha d a g o den m o u se m a de, w i
. c he se n t to th e l h h
ri c h h
m er c a n t fro m w o m he h a d g otten h i h
s s ta r t a n d t a t m er c a n t b e , h h
s tow ed th e a n d of h i h
s d a u g ter o n the o n ce p oor ou t h y h .

Th e com i
c a tm os p h er e i ll b e seen is a l togeth er a bsen t from th is
t wi , ,

B uddh i sti c p a ra bl e .

A sl ig h t r esem bla n ce to ou r story m a y b e tra ced in B om pa s , NO .

“
Th e F ool i w h er e th e cl ever you n g es t (of s i
”
x mx , sh Son s , x bro th ers )

m a n a ge
s to a c ui
re q ten ru p ees , sta rti
ng th
wi on e a n na . He p ro
ceed s by borrow in g “
,
”
and a i
p y g
n i
n terest i
n a d va n ce. Th e tr i
ck

used here is th e sa m e as th a t p r a cti

s ed on th e fool ish wife in Wise “

Fol k s bu ys th ree cow s a n d

”
( G r im m , No . w here a s ha rper ,

lea ves on e th
wi th e sell er as a p l ed g e for th e p r i
c e o f th e thr ee (see

Bo l t P o l i
vk a ,
e- 2 440

Mu ch l
c oser p a r a llels tha n th e p recedin g to th e in ciden ts of ou r ,

s tor y , are to be fou n d in a cycle o f ta les discu ssed by B ol te P o l ivk a -

“ ”
( 2 20 1 —
2 02 ) i
n con n ecti
on th
wi Ha n s in Lu ck ( G r m m , No
i .

ll b e
I t wi lled th a t in the G r im m s tory the
reca fool ish Ha n s ex cha n g es
su ccess i vely g ol d for horse hor se for cow cow for p i g p g i, f or g o o s e , , ,

g oo se f o r g r i
n d s to n e w h ich h e i s fi n a lly g l a
, d t o g e t r d
i o f b y th r ow in g it
in to th e w a ter A cou n terp a rt of this s tor y sa y B ol te a n d P olivk a
.
“
,
”
,
‘
“
s th e Marchen of th e
i p r ofi ta b l e e x c h an g e in w h ic h a p oo r m a n ,
’

a cq u i res from a n o ther a h en b eca u se i t h a s ea ten u p a p ea or m i llet seed -

th a t b elon g ed to h i m ; for th e h en h e g ets a p i g w h ic h h as k ill e d it ; fo r

th e p i g a co w ,; fo r th e co w a h o r se B u t w h en h e fi n a lly l
, ev ies hi s cl a im .

for da m a g es u pon a g i r l a n d p l a ces h er i n a s a ck hi

, s l u ck ch a n g es ,

s tr a n g er s l ib era te th e m a i den w i th ou t th e k n ow l ed ge of h er ca p tor ,

a n d pu t i n h er p l a ce a b i g d o g w h ic h f a ll s u p o n h im w h en h e o p ,e n s

s to b e n oted tha t th e cycle a s h er e o u tl i

”
th e sa ck It i . n ed co n s i s ts

r ea lly of tw o p a r ts
“ ” “ ”
th e bi ter bi ti ng
, a n d th e bi ter b i t C os .

qu in (2 2 09) b el ieves th a t the la s t tw o ep isodes the m a iden g a in ed

by ch ica n ery a n d th e s u b s titu tion of a n a n im a l for her in th e sa ck
,

form a sep a ra te them e n ot orig in a lly a p a r t of th e cu m u la tive m otive ;

a n d to p rove h i
, s b el ief h e ci tes a n u m b er of O r i en ta l ta les con ta i
, ni ng

th e for m er b u t l a ck i n g th e cu m u l a ti
, ve m o ti ve (i bid 2 09 C os .
,

qu in seem s to b e corr ect in th i s ; a l thou g h on th e o ther ha n d h e i s , ,

a bl e to ci te on ly on e s tor y ( R i vi ér e p 95) i n wh i ch ther e i s n ot som e , .

2 66 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Fol k Lore Soci
- ety .

Ever y ng h e w en t to fish , for h is w ife ow ned a

m or n i l a rg e
fis her y .

O n e da y , as j ust lea ving th e h ou se a t th e u s ua l

P a bl o w as
hour to g o fis h ing h e sa id to his w ife Wife if two h u m pba cks
, , ,

like m yself ever com e h ere do n ot a d m it th em , As you know . ,

”
th ey a r e m y b roth ers a n d th ey u sed to trea t m e ver y ba dly
, .

Then h e w en t a w a y Th a t ver y a fter noo n P ed ro a n d Jua n

.

ca m e to p a y th ei r bro th er a vi si Th ey begg ed Ma r ta P a blo s

’
t . ,

wi fe to g ive th em som e food for they w er e s ta r ving They

, , .

h a d squ a nd er ed a ll thei r m on ey th ey sa i d Ma r ta w as so , .

im p r essed by th e w r etch ed a ppeara n ce of h er b roth ers i n la w - -

,

th a t s h e a d m i tted th em des pi te h er hu s ba nd s pro h i bition Sh e ’

.

g a v e th e m a d i
n n e r Wh en t h e y
. h a d fi n i s h e d e a t in g s h e s a id ,

“
to th em It i
, s n ow ti m e for m y husba nd to com e h om e He .

m a y tak e veng ea n ce on yo u for you r pa s t unki ndness to h im ,

if h e find s you h er e so I ll h i de you in two sepa r a te tr u nks You

,
’
.

sta y th er e ti ll to m orr ow m or n ing a n d I ll let you ou t w h en ’

-
,
”
m y hu sb a nd i s g o ne a g a i n .

She h a d sca r cely l ocked th e tr unks w h en P a bl o en ter ed He .

di d n ot find ou t th a t h i s b r others h a d been th er e how ever , .

The n ex t m or n ing P a blo w en t to hi s w or k a s u s u a l Ma r ta , .

h a d so m u ch to do a bou t the h ou se th a t d a y th a t s h e fo rg o t ,

a ll a bou t P ed ro a n d Ju a n Th e poor boys d epr i

. ved o f a i r an d ,

food d ied ins ide the tr unks Not un til tw o d a ys l a ter d id

, .

Ma r ta th ink of th e two hu m pba cks Sh e r a n a n d o pened th e .

tr unks a n d found thei

, r d ea d b od i es i n side Her n ex t thoug h t .

w a s h ow to d i s pose o f th em At l a s t a pl a n occu rred to her

. .

She ca ll ed to h er nei g hb o r a n d a s k ed hi m , to c o m e bu r y o n e o f
h er b r oth er s i n la w w h o h a d j u s t d i
- -
ed i n h er h o u se Sh e p ro m .

ised to p a y h i m five pesos w h en h e ca m e b a ck fr o m h i s w or k .

Th e n ei g hb or l i
f te d t h e h ea v y b o dy o f P e d r o a n d pu tt in g it , ,

on hi s s h o uld er ca r r i ed i ,t a w a y to a fa r pl a ce Th ere h e d u g .

a h ol e th a t w a s w a i s t d eep p u t th e co r p se i n to it a n d covered
, ,

it up . Th en h e h a s tened b a ck to Ma r ta a n d sa i d Ma da m , , ,
”
I h a ve bu r ied th e d ea d m a n in a ver y deep g r a ve .

d Ma r ta
“ ” “
No you h a ve n ot s a i
, , Wh a t is th a t lying over .

”
th ere ? a n d s h e poi n ted to the co r pse o f Ju a n .

“ ”
Th a t s ver y s tr a ng e ! ex cl a im ed th e n ei
’

g hb o r s cr a tc h in g ,
“ ”
hi s h ea d You a r e ver y a r tful
. he sa i d to th e dea d body o f
,

Ju a n He w a s ver y a ng r y w ith th e cor pse n ow for h e h a d n o t

.
,

y e t r ec eiv e d his p ya S o h e b o r e. th e c o r p se o f Ju a n to th e sea

 li
Fi pino P opu la r Ta les . 2 67

s h ore . He g ot a ba n ca a n d d u g a ver y d eep gr a ve benea th th e

1

“
w a ter . Th en h e sa i
d to th e cor pse If you ca n com e ou t of th i s ,
”
pl a ce , yo u a re th e w i
ses t perso n in th e w or ld H e th en t e .

tu r ne d toh ouse Ma r ta ’
s .

O n hi s w a y b a ck h e h a ppen ed to l ook beh i nd h im w h en he ,

sa w to h i
, se th e hu m pba ck foll ow i
s g r ea t s u r p r i ng h im ca rr y
, ,

i n g so m e fis h The g am bl er g a zed a t h i
. m ; a n d w h en h e sa w
th a t h e r esem bl ed ex a ctly th e cor pse th a t h e h a d ju s t bu ri ed ,

h e sa i d So you h a ve com e ou t of the g r a ve a g a in h a ve you

, , ,
”
y ou n a u g h ty hu m pb a c k ! A n d w ith t h ese w o r d s h e k i
ll ed th e

hu m pb a ck th a t ver y insta n t Th is hum pba ck w a s Ma r ta s .

’

hu sba nd r etu r n ing hom e from th e fis her y .

Thu s Ma r ta tri ed to d ecei ve b u t she w a s th e on e w h o w a s ,

deceived .

( )
b T H E S E VE N H UMP B ACK S
’
.

O nce th er e l i ved seven br oth ers w h o were a ll hu m pba cks ,

a n d w h o l oo ked ver y m u ch a l i ke Ug ly a s th ese hum pba cks .

w er e s ti ll th ere wa s a l a dy w h o fell in l ove w ith on e of th em

,

an d m a rr i ed h i m Th i s l a dy h ow ever th oug h s h e l oved her

. , ,

hu sb a nd well w a s a very s ting y wom a n Fin a lly th e tim e cam e

, .

w h en th e un m a r ri ed hu m pb a cks h a d to depend o n th e o th er

on e for fo od Na tu ra lly th is a r ra ng em en t w a s ver y d is plea sin g

.

to th e w i fe ; a n d in tim e h er h a te g rew so in tense th a t s h e pl a nned ,

to ki ll a ll h er brothers in la w - -
.

O n e d a y w h en h er hu s ba nd w as a w a y on bus i
, ness she ,

m u r d er ed th e s i x b r oth ers Nex t sh e h ired a m a n to com e a n d.

bu ry a cor pse She told h im o f only on e cor pse b eca u se she

. ,

w a n ted to d ecei ve th e m a n Wh en he h a d bu ried on e of th e .

bod ies h e ca m e b a ck to g et pa id for h is w or k Th e w om a n

, .
,

h ow ever befor e h e h a d tim e to s pea k beg a n to r eproa ch h im

, ,
“ ”
for n o t bu r y i ng th e m a n in th e r ig h t pl a ce See h ere ! s he .

“
sa i d s how ing h im th e cor pse of th e second broth er
, you d d
i ,

n o t d o yo u r w or k w ell G o a n d bu r y th e body a g a i . n Re .

m em ber th a t I w i ll n ot p a y you until you h a ve bur ied the m a n

”
so th a t h e s ta ys und er th e ea r th .

Th e m a n too k th e second cor pse a n d bur i ed i t ; b u t w h en h e

r etu r ned th er e i t wa s a g a i
, n An d so on : h e r epea ted th e .

o per a ti o n un ti l h e th ou g h t th a t h e h a d bur ied th e sa m e cor pse

si x ti m es B u t a fter th e si
. x th th e l a s t hu m pba ck h a d been , ,

l Da n ce . a na ti
ve du g -ou t.
Na rra te d by T eofilo R eyes. a Tag a log fro m Ma n ila .
2 68 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Folk Lore Soci
ety-
.

b uried , th e m arr ied hu m pb a ck cam e h om e fr om his w or k .

e h
Wh n t e g r a ve d igg er sa w th is oth er hum pba ck , h e im m ed i
-

a tely sei zed a n d kill ed h im , th inking he w a s th e sa m e m a n he

h a d bu r i
ed so m a ny ti m es befo r e .

Wh en th e w icked w om a n knew th a t h er ver y husba nd h a d

been kill ed , sh e died of a br oken h ea r t .

N O TE S .

A Pa m pa n g o va r i
ant (c) , wh i
ch I h a ve on ly in a b s tra ct, i
s t ed
en ti l
Th e Seven H u n chba ck ed B rothers .
”
I t wa s co ectedll by Wen
cesla o Vi
tu g of Lu ba o , P a m pa n g a . It ru n s thu s

Th ere wer e seven h unc hb a ck ed b r ot h

O n e of
er s t a t h l oo k ed j u s t a l ik e .

h
t em m a r r i ed , a n d m a i n ta i n ed the ot er s i x i n hi s o u se The wi hfe h ow h .
,

ever , g r ew ti red of t em , a n d hock ed t em u p i l

n th e ce a r , w er e th e h ll h y
s ta r ved to d ea t h
I n order to sa ve b u ri
. a ex p e n ses , th e w o m a n foo ed th e l -
l
g r a v e d i
gg
-
er . e n Wh
h e h a d b u r i
ed o n e m a n a n d r etu r n ed f o r h i
s m o n e , s h e y
h a d a n oth er b od i y ly
n g w er e th e h
rs t h a d a i fi
n , a n d to d h i m t a t he co u d l l h l
h
n o t a ve h i s m on e y
u n ti l th e m a n wa s b u ri ed to s ta T u s the poor gr a ve y . h
di gg e r b u r i
e d a ll s ix c o r p se s u n d er t h e im p r ess i
o n t a t h e w a s w o r k i n g h
wi h
t th e sa m e o n e over a n d o ver a g a i n O n hi s w a y b a ck fr o m b u r i . n g th e y
si h
x t , h e m et the h
u s b a n d ri di ng om e on orseb a ck h
T i n ki n g hi m to b e h . h
the co r p s e, w i c h h y
he ex a ctl resem b ed , the gr a ve d i gg e r c r i
e dl o u t
“
! -
, Ah
so t i hs is th e w a y yo u g et a ea d of m e !
”
h
a n d h e s tr u ck th e i vi ng u n ch l h
b a ck wi t hi h s h oe a n d k i ed h i m ll .

Thi a n t a l tho u g h i
s P a m pa n g o va r i s a li
t i ttl e , fic t a n
m ore s peci h
th e Ta g a l og i
s iden tica l w i
, th ou r secon d ver s i
on .

O u r tw o s tor i es a n d th e va ria n t r ep resen t a fa m i ly of ta les fou n d

sca tter ed a ll over E u ro p e They a r e a l so con n ected di
. s ta n tly w i th
”
o n e o f th e s tor i
es i
n th e 1 00 1 Nig h ts a n d th u s w i
th th e O r ien t a g a i
n , .

s cycl e, see C l ou ston , P o p u l a r Ta les a n d

“
F o r a di on of th i
scu ss i
”
Fi cti on s , 2 : 332 ft , wh er e a r e ci ted a n d a b s tr a cted ver s i on s fr om

th e O ld En g l i Seven W i se Ma s ter s ,
“ ”
-
sh p r os e for m o f th e fro m th e
G es ta R om a n or u m , a l so th e fa bh a n Des tou rm i; then five o ther f a
’
”

bha ux from Leg r a n d s a n d B a rb a s a n s coll ecti a lly th e trou

'

on s , es peci
’ ’

a n d th e seco n d ta l e o f th e seven th
“ ”
vere Du ta n t s Les Tro i
’
s B ossu s ;

sa g e i
n th e
“
Mish lé Sa n da b a r , th e Heb rew ver s ion o f th e b ook o f
”

Si n dib ad O n pp 344 357 C lou s ton g i

. . ve
s a n ts o f th e r el a ted
va r i
—

s tor y i n whi ch th e sa m e co rp se i s pos ed o f m a n y ti

s di m es For .

further bibl iogr a ph y see W il son s Du n lop 2 42 , n ote

,
’
, .

Th e n ea r es t p ar a ll el I k n ow o f to ou r firs t s tory i s Str a p a r ol a , 5

3, fro m w h i
c h i
t w a s p r ob a b ly d er i
v ed .

There were p b a ck ed b h
t ree
r o t ers w hho um h l oo k ed ver y m uc h a l ik e.

The w i
fe of on e of em , d i so b e i th
n g th e or d er y of h er h u sba n d , secre t ly
ved her tw o b rot er s i
recei n la w en her h - -
. Wh h u sb a n d r etu r n ed u n ex
2 70 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Fol k Lore Soci
ety -
.

( ) 2 Sk ea t, 1 : 36 —
37 , Fa ther F ollow -
My Nose a n d th e Fou r
- Pri
es ts

heFa t r Fo llow - My Nose -

l
w o u d wa k
b o ver a ou se l s tra i
g ht , wou d l l
ci
m h
ra th th
er a n tu r n a s ide O n e d a y he ha d cli m b ed u p o n e s i
. de of a Jera i
tree a n d w as p rep a r i
n g to d escen d , w en fou r e ow ro b ed p r i
-
es ts es t h y ll , l
h l
he s ou d fa , e d a c oa k for h i ll h l m l
B u t h e j u m ped w i t ou t w a r n ing, a nd
. h
the fo u r cr a ck ed t ei r h h
ea d s tog et er a n d d i ed O ld Fa t er Fo ow - My h . h ll
ll
Nose tr a ve ed o n ti he ca m e to the h u t of a cr on e ll The cron e w en t b a ck .

a n d go t th e b od i es of th e fo u r p ries ts An op i u m ea ter p as sed b y; a n d th e

- .

cr o n e sa i d,
“
Mr O piu m Ea ter , if ou b u r m e t is e ow r ob e ere, ll
- .
’
y ’
ll y h y ll -
h I
g ive y ou a d o a r T h e o p iu m ll
- at
e er .a g r eed , a n d too k th e b od a w a t o y y
bu r i y h
t ; b u t w en h e ca m e b a ck for h i s m o n e , t er e w a s a seco n d b od y h y
wa i ti n g for h i m The fe ow m u s t a ve com e to i
. ll
fe a ga in,
”
h e sa i d; h l
b u t he too k the b od a n d b u ri ed i t too y
fter h e h a d b u ri ed the fou r t i n . A h
lik e m a n n er , it w a s b roa d d a i g t, a n d h e w a s a fr a id t o g o cyl h
o ec t h is m o n e ll y .

(3) A ca ted
stor y com m u n i C h i
n ese s tu den t , M r J u t L to m e by a . .

Fa n of Ca n ton , wh o sa ys tha t h e sa w th e ta l e a cted a t a pop u la r

thea tre i n Ca n ton i
n 1 91 3 The s tor y I g i ve i s b u t th e s yn ops is .

of th e p la y :

I n Ca n to n , the ca p i l
ta o f Kw o n g Tu n g , a m ie s wa k fro m th e m a r k et l ’
l
p al ce , s too d a p re is to r ic a b b e h, a w a fr o m th e b u s y s t r e e tsy, a n d d ee p y
in th e s ien t wood s l In t i s old m on a s ter
. h
a n a g ed a b b o t r u ed over five y l
h u n d red y
ou n g m o n k s ; b u t t e w ere fa r from b ei ng i hy k e t ei r ven era b e l h l
m a s ter Men a n d wom en , ric a n d poor , for fea r of the d rea d co n seq u en ces
. h
i hy h l
f t e s ou d i n cu r th e d i s p ea s u re o f the g od s , w en t i l n g r ea t n u m b ers to

w or s i ph i n th e a n ci en t b u i d in g s , k n ee i
n g in oln g r o w s b e fo re l th e sa c r ed l
fi g u res a n d i n cen se .

h h
T ese g a t erin g s m a de it possi l
b e for the o u n g m on k s a n d the ou n g y y
g ir s l to b e c o m e in ti m a te a c q u ain ted , so lyin ti m a te t a t so m eti m e s , h
h
s a m e a n d di sg r a ce foll ow ed O n e ou n g g i r y
w ho h a d b een sed u ced , o n
. l
a n a p p r op r i a te occa si on a n d a fter gr ea t co n s i der a ti o n , p er s u a d ed se ven o f

the d i sci p e s w h ol h a d b e e n e n g a g ed in h er r u in to e n t e r h e r o u s e T en h . h
sh e i n vi ted t em i h
n to her p r i va te c a m b er As i h
f b y c a n ce, t er e ca m e a . h h
h
s ar p r a p o n th e o ck ed door ; so s h e hi l d h er u n u s u a vi si to r s i n a bi g w a r d l
r ob e . Wh
at t i s ou n g a d h y n ex t d i d mi g t l y
se e m u n n a t u r a ; b u t wi h t th e l , h
hle p o f h er ser va n ts s h e p o u r ed b o i lin g oi
, l i n to th e w a r d r o b e a n d ki l ed th e , l
mi scr ea n ts .

She n ex t i h
red a por ter to co n ve o n e b od to th e r i y
ver n ea r b y a n d y
bur i ty T i
. h
s por ter wa s n o t i n for m ed a s to th e n u m b er o f co r p ses h e w ou d l
h a ve to b u r ; b u t ever y ti y
m e he ca m e b a ck fo r h i s p a y t er e w a s a n o t er , h h
y
b od for h im So on e a fter a n o t er he d r o p ped the b od i
. h es o f the ou n g y
m on k s i n to th e s w i ft fl owin g s tr ea m , w o n der i
-
n g a ll th e w ie b y w a t m a g i c hl h
the i l y
fel ess b od m a n a g ed to retu r n to the or i g in a s p o t l .

J u s t a fter he ha d dis posed of th e se ven t , u p ca m e the old a b b o t im se f, h h l

wi t dih g n i e d m fi
ie n
“
! se Ah I
e n ow h ow yo u re tu r n
.
"
sa i d th e d r u d g er , ,

a n d he a i l
d o d of the p r i h l es t a n d en d ed h i s n a tu ra da s Th e old a b b o t l y .

h
t u s s u ffered the fa te o f h i s seven u n wo r t di sci p es hy l .
 li
Fi p i
no P opu la r Ta l es . 27 1

34 .
( )a R E SP ECT AG E .
1

O nce th er e lived a m a n w h o h a d to s uppor t hi

poor s fa m i
ly ,
th e m em bers o f w h i
ch w er e a h ot h ea ded w i fe w ho pr edom ina ted -

over th e w ill of her hu sba nd ; a s m a ll b oy of ten ; a n d a n old m an

of ei
g h ty th e boy s gr a ndfa th er Th is old m a n could n o long er
,
’
.

w or k beca u se of h i
, s feebl eness He w as th e ca u se of m a ny .

qu a rrel s betw een th e husba nd a n d w ife b u t w as l oved by their ,

son .

O n e ra i ny m or n ing th e husba nd w as for ced by h is w ife to send

hi s fa th er a w a y He ca ll ed h i
. s son a n d o r der ed hi m to ca rr y ,

a b a s ket full o f food a n d a l so a bl a nket He told th e b oy th a t .

th ey w er e to l ea ve th e old m a n i n a h u t o n th ei r fa r m so m e di s

ta n ce a w a y Th e b oy w ept a n d protested a g a i
. n st th is h a r s h
,

tr ea tm en t o f h i s g r a ndfa th er , b u t i n va i n He th en cu t th e .

bl a nket in to tw o pa r ts Wh en h e w as as ked to ex p la i
. n hi s ,

“
a cti on , h e s a i d to his fa th er Wh en you g r ow old I w ill l ea ve ,

y o u i
n a h u t a n d,g iv e yo u th i s h a lf o f t h e bl a nke t T h e m a n .

w a s a s ton i s h ed , hurr i edly reca ll ed h i s or d er co ncer n i ng h is

fa th er , a n d th er ea fter too k g ood ca r e of h im .

( )
b TH EUL E G LDEN RO .
2

A lo ng ti m e a g o th ere l i ved i n a tow n a coupl e w h o h a d a so n .

Th e fa th er o f th e hu sb a nd l i ved w i th hi s so n a n d d a ug h ter in -

la w h a pp i ly for m a ny yea r s B u t w h en h e g r ew ver y old h e .

,

beca m e ver y feebl e Ever y tim e h e a te a t th e ta bl e h e a lw a ys

. ,

b roke a pl a te beca u se h is h a nds trem bl ed so Th e old m a n s

, .
’

a w kw a r dness soo n m a d e h i s so n a n g r y a n d o n e d a y h e m a d e a ,

w ood en pl a te fo r h i s fa th er to ea t ou t o f Th e poor old m a n .

h a d to ea t a ll h i s food fr om th i s w ood en pl a te .

When th e g r a nd son no ticed w h a t h is fa th er h a d done he took ,

so m e too l s a n d w en t d ow n und er th e h o u se Th er e h e too k .

a pi ece o f bo a r d a n d beg a n to ca r ve i t Wh en h is fa th er sa w .

“ ”
hi m a n d sa i d to h im Wh a t a re you doing son ? th e b oy
, ,
“
r epl i
ed to h i m Fa th er I a m m a ki
, ng w ooden pl a tes for yo u
,
”
a n d m y m o th er w h en yo u a re o ld .

As th e so n u tter ed th ese w o r ds tea r s g u s hed fr om th e fa ther s

’
,

eyes . F r om th a t ti m e o n th e old m a n w as a l w a ys a ll ow ed to
,

ea t a t th e ta bl e w i th th e r es t of th e fam i ly n or w a s h e m a de to ,

ea t fr o m a w ood en pl a te .

MO R AL : Do u n to oth ers as you w a n t them to do un to you .

N t d b y J é I g a ci
a r ra e o a Tag a log f
os n m M a la bo
. R ia l ro n. z .

N ted b y C i
arra p i
an Se afica a Pa ng a i
r o nan f
r m Ma ng a l da
. P a ng a ina n s ro n. s .
2 72 Mem oirs of the Am er i
ca n Fol k Lore Soci
ety - .

NO TES .

A P a m p a n go a n t of t e
va r i s e s tor i t ed
es , en ti h l The O ld Ma n h i
s ,

Son , a n d h i
s G ra n dson , a n d n a r r a ted Mex i by Eu ti
q u i
a n o G a r cia of

co , P a m pa n g a , h as b ee n p r in ted by H E Fa n s ler ( p Mr . . . .

a sa ys tha t h e hea rd th e s tor y told by h i

G a r ci s fa ther a t a g a th er i
ng

o f a n u m b er of old s tor y tellers a t h i s hom e d u r i n g th e C h r i

s tm a s -

va ca tion i n 1 908 Th e ta le h as ever y a p pea ra n ce of ha vi

. n g lon g

been n a tu ra l ized in the I sla n ds if n ot of b ein g n a tive I t is br ief a n d , . ,

m a y b e rep r i n ted here

In o ld en lived t b two o th h d d ye old

ti
m es , w en m en h o e r r ee un re a rs ,

th ere dw l t ve y poo f m i
e ly a bi g fr t T h h r h l d
a h d b t n ea r a ores . e o u se o a u

th m mb
r ee ge d f thers , f th d a T h ra n
g d f tha w er , a a er , a n a so n . e ra n a er as

a ld m
n o fo h d d d tw ty fiv yea
an o ne He w un re ld th t th an en -
e rs . as so o , a e

h l p f h i ho m t w
e o s d d t f d hi
u se m Ma y tim
a es d peci
as n ee a l ly e o ee . n a e, a n es

a ft m
er l he l t d to hi so
ea s , d hi g d
re a e h i b v deed w h i sle n an s ra n so n s ra e s

vi g i th ki g m y the i l ii h fill d f l i
’
ser n n pe b p
n o t s ar t e , v g r es on s e s on s e e a r ea n

a ldi lif ; d h t ld t ta i i g t i f h d d f y
so er s
’
e an e o g en er n n s o r es o un re s o ea rs one

by Th f th
. w e ot tifi d w i
a th th e a
er g m
as t nh w v sa d s e rr a n e en , o e er , an

p l e
a nn d t g t id f th o old m e r o e an.

At p ese t I a m ly “
O d y h sa i
ne d t hi a e cei vi g a peso d a i
o s so n , r n re n ,

b t h lf f i
u t i pe t to f d y
a o w thl
s s g df t h e
n W d eeo t g e t ou r or es s ra n a r. e o n

a y n l b e efi t f om him T m w l t b i d him d ta k him t the

rea n r . o -
or r o e us n an e o

d l ve h i m th
”
wood s, a n t di ea er e o e.

Ye f th
“ ”
s,id th b o y
a er , sa e .

Wh th m o i g c m th y bo d th ld m
en e rn n d took h i
a m t th
e, e un e o an an o e

O th ei w y b a k h m e th b o y d to h i f th W it ! I will “
fo t
res . n r i a c o e sa s a er , a

g ob k d
ac g t th an
p Wh te f ? k d h i f
e ro t h e.i i g
”
h i
s
“
a or
”
as e s a er , ra s n

v i c
o e.T h v it dy w h o y t a em p l i d
r ea th b o y h en ou r u rn co es , re e e , e

livi g th t to t v y ld m i t th f t w th
e n a ca s e er lc tm o an n o e o res as e u su a us o .

“
Ah ! if th t i lik ly t b th c with m b ck w g d g t yo g d
a s e o e e ase e, a e o an e ur ra n

f th
”
a g i
er a a n.

Th i s k n ow n i
s ex em pln m i n y cou n tr ies a n d in m a n y for m s For m an .

the bi b li og r a p hy see C lou s ton P op u l a r Ta les a n d F i

, cti on s 2 , ,

37 37
2 8 -
; T F C r a n e E x e
.m p l a o.f J a cq u es d e V i tr,y ( F L S 1 89 0 ,

No 2 88 a n d p
. B ol te P o l i
vk a (on G r i
. m m No 2 1 35 1 40
-
, .
—
.

The m os t com p lete o f these s tu di es i s th e l a s t i n wh i ch a r e ci ted ,

G erm a n La ti n Du tch En g l i
, sh F ren ch S pa n i
, sh G reek C roa tia n
, , , , , ,

Al b a n ia n B u lg a ria n P ol ish R u ss ia n Lettish Tu k ish a n d I n d ia n

, , , , , r ,

F u ll as B ol te P o l i vk a s l i st i s how ever a n old i

’
vers i on s . m por ta n t
-
, ,

a n t h as b een over l ook ed b y them

“
B u ddh i s ti c va r i th e Ta k k a la ,

j ata k a No ,
”
Th i s I n di an fo rm o f th e s tor y i
. t seem s to m e h a s , ,

som e close r es em b la n ces to ou r P a m p a n g o va r i a n t ; a n d I gi ve i t h er e

briefly su m m a rizin g from Mr R ou se s ex cellen t En g l ish tra n sla tion :
,
.
’

I c t i vi
n a ll g f Ka i th l ived m w h
er a n a e o pp t d h i lsd er e a an o su or e s o

f th
a Th f th
er . g tt d
e i g a h i t i l
er re r e h d fo h i
m ed g i t
see n s so n o so ar r , an a a ns
 however , i
s un l ik e a n O rien ta l Ma rchen
n ot ted
ci by C lou ston (op cit , . .

2 It i s from a C a n a rese co ll ecti on of ta es l ca lled th e Ka th a

Ma n j a r f , a n d ru n s thus

A rich feed hi
m a n u sed tos fa t er wi t con gi fr om a n o ld b r o k en di sh h h .

Hi s so n sa w t i s , a n d hi h
d the d i s fter wa r ds the ri c m a n , a vi h A
n g a s k ed
. h h
hi h
s fa t er w ere i h
t wa s , b ea t h im [ b eca u se he cou d n ot te ] The b o y l ll .

l
ex c a i
m ed ,
“
Don t b ea t g ra n dfa t er !
’
hi d the di s , b eca u se w en h be I h , h I
co m e a m a n , I
m a y b e u n a b e to b u y a n o t er on e for yo ul ”
en th e r i ch h . Wh
m an h
ea r d t i h h
s , he w a s a s a m ed , a n d a fter wa r d s trea ted h is fa t er ki nd h ly .

The P a n g a s i
n a n es m ay ha ve g ot thi
s s tor y o f Th e Go lden R ule
th ro u g h th e C hur ch , from i
’
som e p r es t s ser m on .

O u r fir s t ex a m p le, R es pect O ld Age, i s th e on ly o n e o f th e th r ee

”

”
wh ich tu r n s on th e hou sse pa rtie i d ea Thi s th e fo r m fou n d i
s i n th e .

r teen th c n tu r y F ren ch fa bli La Hou ss e P a r ti

“ ”
th i - e
au e; a n d a va r ia nt

of iti s given by O r ten si o La n do , a n I ta l i a n n oveli st o f th e Si x teen th

cen tu r y ( Du n lo p , 2 Th e on ly Spa n i sh ex a m p l e I k n ow of i s

fou n d in th e fou r teen th cen tu r y El Libro de los En x em p los ( p r in ted

-
”

in Bi bl ioteca de Au tores Es p a noles , vol 51 [Mad r id , _

No . .

CCL x x n I t ru n s i
. n th e o rigi n a l a s fo ll ow s

P a triq u a lis fu er i
s , tibifil in s tal i
s er i
t.

C u al fu etes a tu p a dre q u e tr a b a j 6 p or ti
,

l
E fij o q u e en gen d ra res ta l ser a a ti .

C u en ta n q u e u n vi ej o di 6 a u n fij o q u e lo s i r vi 6 m u c o bi en tod os s u s h
bi en es ; m a s des p u es q u e g e os l h
o b o d a d o , ech olo de la cam a r a o n d e d o r m i a

l
é tom o a p a r a él é p a r a su m u j er , é fizo fa cer a s u p a d re el ec o tr a s la l h
p u e r ta .E d e q u e vin o e l i n vier n o e l v i
e j o a b ia fr io , c a e l fi j o le h a b ia h
to m a d o la b u en a ro p a co n q u e se co b r i a , é rog 6 a n u s u n i e to fij o de s u fij o , ,

q u e r o g a se a s u p a d r e q u e le di ese a g u n a r op a p a r a se co b ri l r ; é el m o zo

l
a p e n a s p u do a ca n za r de s u p a d re dos va r a s de sa a pa ra su a b u e o é yl l ,

q u e d a b a n l e a l h j o o tr o s d o s E e l m o zo l o.r a n d o r o g 6 a l p a d r l
e q u e l e

di ese la s o tr os d os é ta n to ,or o q u e g e a s ll l
ob o d e d a r , é d em a n dole q u e
, h
“
p a r a q u é l a s q u e r i
a é r es p o n d i
o
, le : Q u iér o l a s g u a r d a r fa s t a q u e ta s ea s

ta l co m m o es a g o r a tu p a d r e, é es to n ce n o n te da r é m a s , a s ico m m o ti l n on

q u ieres da r a tu p a dre .

Fi
na lly ven a n oth er I n di
be g i m ay a n s tor y , No 16 i
n th e An .

of R aj a éek h a r a ( B ol te P ol i
”
ta r a k a th h
asa g a a
m r -
vk a , 2 wh i
ch

d v d ed b l a n k et J ata k a
“ ” ”
con n ects th e i i -
m oti
f w i
t h th e old . Ra
j a éekh a ra flou r i
sh ed a bou t A D . .
900 . Th i
s s tor y r u n s thu s :

In H a rip u r a l ived h
a m er c a n t n a m ed Sa n k h a, w h o h a d fo u r so n s . Wh en

he b eca m e old , he a n ded over h i h

s b u sin ess a n d a ll hi s w ea t to t em Bu t lh h .

t e hy l
w o u d n o o n g er o b e h i l
m ; t ei r wi ves m i y
s trea ted h i h
m ; a n d the o ld
m a n cr ep t i n to a co r n er o f th e o u se , w a s ted b y h
u n g er a n d o p p r essed h
wit h y
ea r s O n ce i
n th e co d ti
. m e of the l
ea r h e a s k ed h i s o d es t so n , y l
l h
Ku m u d a , fo r a c ot to p rotect him from the n i t f t K m u da s po k e h
M
g r o s u .

ver se
 For a n old m a n w hose wife i dea d s , w ho i
s d epen den t on his so n s for

m on e y , w ho i
s cu t b y th e w or d s of h i
s s tep
-
d a u g ter s , dea t h h i
s b etter t a n h
life .
”

B u t a t th e sa m e ti m e h e sa i d to h i s so n Ku n ta i a, Gi ve hi m t a t cu r ta in h
h
t ere !
”
Ku n ta la , owever , g a ve th e old m a n o nh a f of th e s m a cu rta i
n ly h l ll .

Wh en the old m a n s ow ed the p i h

ece to K u m u da , Ku m u da a n g ri as k ed h i s ly
so n w h y h e ha d n o t g i ven hi s gr a n d fa t er th e w o e cu r ta i n R es pect h h l .

fu lly l
p a cin g his a n d s to g e t er , K u n th
a ia r ep ied ,
“
F a t er , w e n h
o ld a ge l h h
l
a so o ver ta k es you , t er e w i b e r ea d h
for you th e a f-cu r ta i ll
n w i c y h l h h
co rres po n ds to th e o n e er e
”
h
T en Ku m u da w a s s a m ed ; a n d he sa id ,
. h h
“
So n , w e a ve b een i h
n s tr u cted b y you ; yo u a ve b eco m e a s u ppor t fo r u s h
h
w ose se n ses h
a ve b ee n s tu pefied b y th e de i riu m of po w er a n d w ea t
”
l lh .

h
An d fro m t a t tim e o n h e b eg a n to s ow hi s fa t er ove, a n d so di d the h h l
h l
w o e fa m i ly .

In l a n d b y w a y o f a ddi
con c u si
on , ti on a l i llu stra tive m a teria l I ,

g i
v e in fu ll a n o th er b r ie f T a g a l o g m o r a l ta l e w h ic h s ee m s to b e dis

ta n tly r el a ted to ou r stor i es I t w a s collected b y F el i x G u zm a n

. a ,

Ta g a log from G a p a n Nu eva Eci j a w ho got it fr om h is u n cle I t is

, , .

tl ed Ju a n a n d h i
“ ”
en ti s F a ther .

Fi v h d dy e ung th re l i
v d i P g
ea rs a ldo m d hi
er e e n a ao a n o an, an s so n

m d J Th l tt h d w if A J f th v y w
’
na e ua n . e a er w a a k e. s ua n s a er as er ea on

acco t f ldun g o d c o l d t d
a y
e, a n w o k i th h ou J hi
no o an r n e o u se, ua na , s

d g h t i l w b e m d ic t t d
au er - n - a , O ca d y th e ld m b ec m
s o n en e ick . ne a e o an a e s .

H m e d d y oa n ed i g h t c o a t t ly
an t h t J
n a c l d g
so t o l ep tns a n , a ua n ou e n s e a

d t h h b d v y f th w yf m
“
all S he i
. o s sa If y o d ertd i us an , ou o no r e ou r a er a a ro

th h e i m m d i t ly I h ll g
o u se e w y m y lf
a e , Ic st l a p be o a a se . a n no s ee , ca u se

h i lw y m
e s a ig a Js th d ov hi poo f th
oa n n . w y f
ua n th keen r e s r a er a a or e sa

of his wi fe .

The poo r old m a n w en t b eg gin g a b o u t the n eig b or oo d fter a o n g h h . A l

l
w a k , h e fo u n d a t a s t a ca ve w ere h e co u d i l ve fter h e h a d r ecoveredh l l . A
his h
ea l t , h e fou n d ih n th e ca ve a b a g o f a s es He fu r t er d i sco ver ed , t a t, h . h h
h
w en ever h e too k so m e of th e a s es a n d ex posed t em to th e i g , t e be
t h h l h hy
ca m e m o n e y
No w th e old m a n w en t b a ck to h i
. s so n w i t th e m a g i c bag h .

O n hi l l
va , h e w a s w e co m ed , fo r th e co u p e sa w t a t h e w a s ca r r i
s a r ri ng a l h y
bag t a t m i h
g t co n ta i n so m et i h n g u sefu fo r t em h l h .

The old m a n n ex t g a ve h i s so n a cer ta i n s u m o f m o n e , a n d sa i d, J u a n , y

wi t t i h h
s yo u m a y fin d a n o t er w i fe
”
50 J u a n g a d h
too k th e m o n e a n d . l ly y
w en t a n d b o u g t h i m a n o t er w i fe h h
en h e r etu r n ed , th e old m a n g a ve . Wh
his so n so m e m o r e m on e , a nd sa i
“
y
d , G o o ver t ere, J u a n , a n d b u y a n old h
m an i n t at h h
o u se to ser v e u s a s o u r ser va n t en J u a n r ea c ed th e . Wh h
h h
o u se w er e th e o t er o ld m a n w a s , h e sa i h
d, w a n t to b u y o u r fa t er , I y h
th e o ld m a n J u a n ha d sca rce go t the sen ten ce o u t o f h is m o u t w en
. ly h h
th e so n o f th e o ld m a n fe o n hi m wi t a w i p a n d d r o vellh i
m a w a J u a n h h y .

w en t r u n n in g to h i s fa t er , a n d sa id , F a t er , on h sa i d t a t w a n ted to h I ly h I
b u y t ei h
r fa t er , b u t t e h
b eg a n to w i p m e hy
di d t e d o t a t?
”
h . Why hy h
”
Yo u see , sa i “
d th e old m a n , yo u ca n b u y a w i fe w i t m on e , b u t n o t h y
a si l
n g e fa t er ca n you b u y h ”
.

s la s t stor y wi
Com pa re th i th No 31 . .
2 76 Mem oirs of the Am er i
ca n Fol k Lore Soci
ety -
.

l
35 . cocm NANoo .

O nce upo n a tim e th er e l ived in a s m a ll vill a g e on th e bord er

of a pow er ful ki ng dom a poor fa r m er w ho h a d a son Th is , .

son w a s ca ll ed a foo l by m a ny ; b u t a pa l m er predi cted th a t

Cochi n a n g o w o uld som e d a y d i ne w ith th e king kiss th e pr incess , ,

m a r r y h er a n d fin a lly w o uld h i
, m self b e ki ng .

Coch i n a n g o w o nd er ed h ow h e co uld ever m a r r y th e pr i ncess

a n d hi m self b e ki ng for he w a s ver y poor O n e da y h e h ea r d
, .

th a t th e ki ng h a d s u m m oned a ll those w ho would l ike to a t

tem pt to a n sw er the qu es ti o n s of th e pr i ncess I t w a s a n .

n o u n ced th a t th e p erso n w h o co uld a n sw er th em a ll w i th ou t

fa il should m a rr y h er Coch in a n g o th oug h t th a t th e tim e h a d
.

n ow co m e fo r h i m to tr y h i s for tune so h e m o un ted h i , s a ss a n d

rod e tow a r d s th e ki
’
ng s pa l a ce .

O n hi s w a y Coch i n a n g o h a d to pas s thr ou g h a w i de fores t .

Ju s t a t th e edg e of th e wood h e m et a w ea r y tr a veller Coch i .

n a n g o h ad forg otten to br i ng bu yo w ith h im so he a s ked th e ,

“
tr a vell er fo r som e The tr a veller sa i
. d I h a ve with m e a ,

m agi c b n yo th a t w i ll a n swer a n y qu estion you pu t to it If you .

”
g iv e m e so m e foo d I w ill g i
,v e y o u m y b u y o C o c h in a n g o .

wi ll ing ly ex ch a n g ed a p a r t of h is pr ovisi on s for i t Then h e .

r od e o n .

He ca m e to a s tr ea m w here h e m et a n old m a n l ea n i
, ng on
hi s ca n e .Seei ng th a t the old m a n w a nted to g et on the o th er
si de b u t w a s too w ea k to sw im Coch in a n g o offer ed to ca r r y
, ,

hi m a cr oss In r etu r n for h is kindness th e old m a n g a ve h im ,

” “
hi s ca n e . You a r e very ki nd young m a n sa id h e , Ta ke , .

”
th i s ca n e w hi
, ch w i ll fur nis h you w ith food a t a n y tim e .

Co ch i n a n g o th a nk ed th e o ld m a n too k th e ca n e a n d r od e o n
, , .

It i s to b e know n th a t th i s old m a n w a s th e Sa m e o n e w h o h a d

g iv e n h im t h e m a g ic b u yo I t w a s G o
. d h im se lf w h o h a d c o m e ,

d ow n on ea r th to test Coch in a n g o a n d to r ew a r d h im for h is

kindness .

Coch i n a n g o h a d n ot r i dden fa r w h en h e m et a w r etch ed o ld

w om a n . O u t of pi ty h e g a ve h er a cen ta vo a n d i n r etu r n s h e ,

g a v e h im a n e m p t y pu rse fr o m w h ic h h e co uld a s k a n y su m o f
m on ey h e w a n ted Coch i n a n g o r od e o n
. d el ig h ted w ith h is ,

g o o d fo r tun e w h e n h
, e m et G o d a g a in t h i
s t im e in th e fo
, r m of

a j o lly youn g fello w w i th a s m a ll g u i ta r He a s ked Coch i n an g o

.

1 Narra ted by F elix Y V la co w h h ea rd th e t y f m h is g a d m oth e a n a tive of

. e s . o s or ro r n r.

La oa g Ilocos N rte
, o .
2 78 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k Lore Soci
ety -
.

a n d a ll g o t n o r es t w h a tsoever . B y m or n i
n g m os t of th em w ere
ti
r ed to At l a s t th e ki
dea th ng or dered the g u a r d s to o pen th e
.

pr ison doors a n d let th e pr iso ners g o fr ee ; b u t Coch in a n g o w o ul d

n o t s to p pl a yi ng un til th e king con sen ted to g ive h im th e
pr in cess in m a r r ia g e The pr incess a l so a t l as t h a d to a g r ee
.

to a ccept Coch i n a n g o a s h er hu s ba nd , so h e s to pped pla yi ng .

Th e nex t da y th ey w er e m a rr i ed w i th g r ea t pom p a n d cer em o ny .

Thu s th e poor , fool i s h b oy w a s m a rr ied to a p r inces s Mor e .

th a n on ce h e sa ved th e ki ng dom from th e r a id ing Moros b y

pl a ying h is g u ita r ; for a ll his en em ies w er e obl i g e d to d a n ce

w h en th ey h ea r d th e m u si c, a n d thu s th ey w er e ea s i
ly ca ptu r ed
or ki ll ed Wh en th e king d ied , Coch in a n g o beca m e h is s u c
.

cesso r , a n d h e a n d th e pr i ncess r ul ed h a ppily for m a ny yea rs .

N O TE S .

I k n ow of n o pa ra llel to this s tor y a s a whole ; th e sepa r a te in ciden ts

fou n d n i
i t, however , a re wi
d es p rea d .

Th e firs t p a r t o f th e y the p rophecy con cer n in g the hero

s tor

r eca ll s th e o pen i n g o f m a n y M archen ; b u t ou r n a r ra ti ve i

'

s so co n

den sed th a t i t i s i m pos si b le to sa y j u st w ha t m a ter i a l w a s dr a w n o n

to fu rn ish th i s secti on Th e r i dd le con tes t for th e ha n d o f a p r i

.
-
n cess

form s a sepa r a te cycle to w h ich w e ha ve a l rea dy refer red (n otes to

,

No . b u t th e tu r n th e m oti ve ta k es here i s a l togeth er di fferen t

fro m th e n orm O u r h ero p rovided w ith h is m a g ic bu yo h a s rea lly
.
, ,

w on th e w a g er b efor e th e co n tes t i s b eg u n As for th e m a g i c ob j ects .

,

th e l as t th r ee ca n e p u r se g u i
, ta r w e h a ve m et w i
, th b efor e w i th ,

p pr o e r ties e i t h er id e n t i
ca l w it h o r a n a l og ou s t o t h o se a tt r ibu te d in th i
s

s to r y Th e m ethod of th e her o s a cqu i n g them

’
. ri too i s n ot n ew (cf , , .

No . Th e m a g ic bu yo how ever is u n u su a l : it is ver y l ik ely n a tive

, ,

Iloca n o b el ief or else a deta il b or rowed from the Il oca n os n ea r n eig h

,
’

b or s th e Ti
, n gu i a n (see C ol e 1 8 1 9 I n trod u cti o n for b etel n u ts w i
,
—
, th ,
-

m a gi c p ow ers ) I n No 2 5 i
. t wi ll b e reca lled th e hero s m a g ic r in g
.
, ,
’

fu rn ishes th e a n sw er to th e k in g s q u es tion j u s t as th e bn yo does in ’

,

th i s ta l e I n deed there m a y b e som e a ssocia tion of idea betw een a

.
,

bn yo a n d a r i n g su g g es ted here Th e l a s t pa t of th e s tor y

! . th e r

im pr i so n m en t o f th e her o a n d hi s s u ccess i
, n thw a r ti n g th e evi l de
si g n s o f t h e o b s ti n a te p r in ce s s i
s re m in is ce n t o f v a iou s cy cles o f r

ta les b u t I k n ow of n o ex a ct a n a log u e
,
.

W ith th e gen era l ou tl in e of th e s tory of Cochin a n g o m igh t b e

com p a red a Ta g a l og ta l e Th e Shepher d w h o b eca m e Kin g ”
,

( H . E F a n
. s l er 7 8 f
i ), th o u g h t
,h e r es e m b l a n ce s b e tw ee n th e tw o a r e
o n ly va g u e The Ta g a log s tor y it m i
.
g h t b e n oted i n p a ssi
, ng i
s ,

con n ected w i th th e secon d h a l f of G r i m m No 1 7 a n d w i th G r i mm , .

, ,
NO . 1 65. F or the sa ck fu ll of words
”
n th e Ta g a log ta le,
i see

ttersh a u s , 4 1 9 42 1 ( No cx v m , a n d n otes )
Ri -
. .

Th e r efer en ce a t th e en d to ra idin g Moros a p pea rs to b e a r em n a n t

o f ver y old n a ti
ve tr a d i
tion .

P EDR O AND THE W I TCH

36 . .
l

P ed r o w a s th e son of a poor m a n He l i ved w i th h i s fa th er

.

a n d m o th er by th e sea s h or e Ea r ly on e m or n ing his pa r en ts

.

w en t to l oo k for food l ea vi ng h im a l one in th e hou se He

, .

d ther e a ll d a y w a iting for th em to r etu r n Evening ca m e

s ta i .
,

b u t hi s fa th er a n d m oth er d i d n ot a ppea r ; so m e m i s for tune h a d

over ta ken th em P edr o fel t ver y hung r y b u t h e co uld find n o

. ,

food in the h ou se In th e m iddl e of the n ig h t h e h ea rd som e on e

.

ta pp i ng a t th e door Th inking th a t it w as h is m oth er h e a rose

.
,

a n d w en t to m eet h er Wh en h e opened th e doo r how ever

.
, ,

h e sa w th a t i t w a s n ot h i s m oth er w h o h a d ra pped b u t B or o ka
’
, ,

w h o m ch i ld r en a r e ver y m uch a fr a id of Now B or o ka w a s a .

,

wi tch Sh e h a d w i
. n g s l ike a bir d fou r feet l ike a horse b u t , ,

a h ea d l i ke th a t of a w om a n Sh e d evou r ed boys a n d g ir l s
.
,

a n d w as es peci a lly fond of th ei r li ver As soon a s P ed ro o pened .

th e d oor s h e sei
, z ed h i m a n d ca r r i ed h i m O ff to h er h om e i n th e

m oun ta i ns .

P ed r o w as n ot a fr a i d of the w itch ; h e w a s obed ien t to her ,

a n d soo n s h e m a d e h i m h er h o u sekee per Wh enever s he w en t .

ou t a t n i g h t to l oo k f or fo o d h e w a s s u r
, e to h a v e fl e s h a n d l iv e r

fo r br ea kfa s t th e n ex t d a y Wh en ever th e w itch w as a w a y

.
,

P ed r o u sed to a m u se h i m self r i d ing on th e b a ck o f a h or se th a t

w o uld O ften co m e to see h i m I t ta ug h t h i
. m h ow to r i de w ell ,

a n d th e tw o beca m e g r ea t fr i end s .

O n e d a y w h en ch i ld r en beg a n to g et sca r ce a n d B oroka w a s ,

una bl e to find a n y to ea t sh e m a de up h er m ind to kill P edr o

, .

Sh e l eft the h ou se a n d w en t to i nvite th e o ther w itch es so th a t ,

th ey m i g h t h a v e a g r ea t fe a s t Wh il e s h e .w a s g o n e th e h o r se ,

ca m e a n d told P ed r o o f h i s d a n g er a n d a d vi sed h i m w h a t to do
, .

I t g a ve h i m tw o h a ndker ch i efs on e r ed a n d th e oth er w h i

, te .

Then P ed r o ju m ped o n th e hor se s ba ck a n d th e h or se r a n

’

a w a y a s fa s t a s i t co uld Not l ong a fter w a r d h e n oti

. ced th a t

th e w i tch es w er e pu r s u i ng th em Wh en th ey ca m e n ea r er
.
,

P ed r o d r opped th e r ed h a ndker ch i ef w h i ch w as i m m ed i a tely

,

1Na ra ted by Sa tia g o D u m la f Sa n Na cio Za m ba les

r n o o r s . .

B or ok a . a p pa ren tl y on of
a corru pti th e Spa n i
sh W e
“
( witch
2 80 Mem oirs of ca n Fol k Lore Soci
the Am er i ety -
.

h ng ed in to a l a r g e fir e Th e w ing s o f th e w itches w ere a ll

c a .

bu r n t off How ever th e w i tch es tr i

. ed to pu rs ue th e h o rse on
,

foot for th ey could ru n ver y fas t Wh en th ey w er e a l m ost upo n

, .

him ag ai n P ed ro d r opped th e w h ite h a ndker ch ief , w h ich beca m e

,

a wi d e sea th roug h w h ich th e w itches could n ot pass P ed r o .

w as n ow sa fe a n d he th a nked th e h orse for i

, ts g r ea t h elp .

NOTES .

Wh ile this stor y is n ot m u ch m ore th a n a fra gm en t I ha ve given it ,

beca u se of its in ter estin g con n ection s The ch ief el em en ts a ppea r to b e .

three : ( ) ki d n a1pp gi nthe o f th e h er o b y a ca n n ib a l w i

t ch , ( 2 ) th e

fr ien d ly hor se, (3) the tr a n sform a tion flig ht a n d th e es ca pe of th e

-

her o Clea r ly m u ch is m issin g W ha t b ecom es o f the hero is n ot

. .

sta ted , ex cep t tha t h e es ca pes fr om th e w i tches The s tor y is i n th e .

for m ra ther of a fa ir y ta le th a n O f a Marchen proper , sin ce it dea ls

-

p r im a r ily w i
t h a n o g r es s fo n d o f th e fl es h O f ch ild ren O n its s u r fa ce .

it mi g h t b e m is ta k e n fo r a n a tiv e de m o n -
s to r y to ld a s a n ex em pl n m to

child ren n ot to a n sw er stra n ge k n ock s a t the door a t n ig h t B u t a .

g la n ce b el ow th e s u r fa ce re v ea l s th e fa ct th a t th e d e ta i ls o f th e s tor y

m u s t h a ve b een i m por ted a s they a r e n ot i n di g en ou s B orok a hor se

, , , ,

tra ns for m a ti on fl ig h t ; a n d a l i
t t l e s e
-
a r ch for p oss i
b l e s o u r ces r eve s ls

th e fa ct tha t th is ta le repr e s en ts th e detri tu s of a l iter a r y tr a di tion from

Eu rope To dem on s tra te I will cite a P a m p a n g a n m etr ica l rom a n ce

.
,

a n d a Ta g a l og r om a n ce th e for m er p r oba b ly th e p a r en t o f ou r fol k

,

ta l e These tw o r om a n ces i
. n tu rn w i ll b e sh ow n to b e a b or row in g
, ,

from the O cciden t .

Th e P a m p a n g a n ro m a n ce i
s lon g stor y in 954 qu a tra in s of 1 2
a

s yll a b le l in es , and i
s t ed
en ti l “
Stor y o f th e L i
fe of Kin g Don O cta vio
and Qu een Teod ora , tog eth er wi
th th a t of th ei
r so n Don Fer n a n do , i
n

th e Ki
n gd om Sp a in [n o Th e in si
of de o f th e cover b ea rs th e
s ta tem en t th a t th e w or k i s th e pro per ty O f Do na Mod esta L a n u za .

Se fiora La n u za w as dou b tless th e red a ctor O f th i s ver s i

o n ; h er n a m e

a p p ea rs o n o ther cor r i
’
dos (s ee JAF L 2 9 Al thou g h a con sider a
ti
on of th i
s i
ter ar l y form ta k es u s som ew a t ou t of th e rea m O f po p u a r h l l
s tor i
es , s tr i
ctly s pea k in g we m a y g ive a s ou r ex cu se for su m m a izin g
, r

t th e fa ct tha t th e r el a ted Ta g a l og rom a n ce J u a n Tifioso is on e of “ ”

i , ,

th e m os t w i dely k n ow n s tor i es i n th e I s l a n ds a n d i
-
s to ld a s a fol k ,

ta l e in m a n y O f th e p r ovin ces w h er e n o p r i n ted tr a n s l a ti

on s o f it ex i st .

Th e stor y O f Don O cta vio s po p u l a r l y

“ ” ”
or P u g u t Neg ro as i ti ,

k n own a m on g th e P a m p a n g a n s r u n s a s follow s

I Sp i th
n l iv d k i g w h e q
a n ere i th e i th m
a th f p eg
n os u een , n e n n on o r

na nc y l g d g tly f
, on me p
e ( p
r eai f m )
or so
g A it w th e an a s ec es o an o . s as

t m th
cu s o t p c y ki
en d f fo it p g
ro u r e a ntw m mi g h t d i nt o ru a re nan o an es r e o

ea t th w h l k i g d m w
, e ti ed
o e p i n ho f m p
as s b t i v a i rr u n sea r c o so e an, u n n .
2 82 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k Lore Soci
-
ety .

he wen t b a ck a nd r es u m ed hi
s old w or k as s h phe d
e r , di
sg u i
sed as a

So m e ti m e a fterwa rd s i t w as p roc a i m ed t a t w oever co u d cu re the l h h l

ki
’
ll
n g s i n ess w ou d b e a m p l
r ew ar ded ly
The kin g h a d a n eye-d i sea s e, b u t
.

n o n e of the ea r n ed doctors co u d l e p hi m Fi na l hl
i t w a s sa i d t a t P u gu t . lly h
Negr u k n ew how to cu re eye-d i sea ses , a n d so the ki n g s u m m o n ed hi m If .

you ca n cu re m y di sea s e,
”
sa i d the a ff i cted ki ng,
“
1 wi l
l m a rr o n e of m y l y
da u g ters to yo u h I f yo u ca n n o t, yo u s a b e u n g
. h ll h
do m y b es t, . I ll’

y o u r Ma j es t ,
”
sa i y
d P u g u t Neg r u um b T en he g a t er ed cer ta in
-
h ly h . h
h er b s , a n d a p p i ed t em to th e ki l h ’
n g s e es Th e kin g soo n g o t w e , a n d y . ll
a s k ed h i h
s t ree da u g ter s w hi c h
of t em w a n ted to m a rr h hi h
s sa vi or
“
y . I
won t ! sa i
’ ”
d the e des t
“
l
Neit er wi , rej oi .
”
h
n ed th e seco n d ll I B u t th e .

y o u n g es t a n d p r etti es t o n e sa i d,
“
am at ou r d i I
s po sa , fa t er
”
y SO l h .

P u g u t Neg r u took the o u n g es t fo r h i

-
y
s wi fe fter the cerem on h e w en t A . y
b a ck to hi s s eep , b u t h e d i h d n ot i ve w i t hi s wi l
fe ; h e eft h er a t the pa la ce h l .

I t w a s n o t m a n m on t s a fter the ki y h
n g ha d b een cu red w en th e q u een fel h l
ill . As b efore, i t w a s p rocla i m ed t a t a n y o n e w h o co u d cu re h er w o u d t e h l l
cei ve o n e of her d a u g ters i n m a rri h
a ge Two p rin ces p r esen ted t em se ves , . h l
a n d p ro m i sed to g et th e i l ’
l h
o n s m ik t a t w as n eed ed to m a k e the q u een w el l .

A hy
fter t e h a d s ta r ted o n t ei r sea r c , t e h h hy
ca m e to th e d w e i n g of P u g u t ll
h
Neg r u , w o m t e fo r ced to a cco m pa n t em hy y h
P u g u t Neg r u p r eten ded to .
-

l
b e a m e, a n d so h e co u d n o t k eep u p w it t em l h h
As h e w a s so slow , t e . hy
m er ciessl l t r ew h i y h
m i n to a b u s o f t or n s a n d eft h i h h m t ere B u t he l h .

sa i d to h i s m a gi ca l w i p , B u i d m e h
a t o n c e , a o n g l th e r o l
a d i n w ic th e tw o h h
p r in c es w i p a ss , a ll
s p e n d i d p a a ce ; a ln d le t io n s ,l eo p alr d s , a n d o t e r a n i l h
l
m a s b e a b ou t i t
”
NO soo n er w a s th e order g i
. ve n t a n th e p a a ce w a s h l
l
b u it, a n d P u g u t Neg r u w a s i n i
-
t, a tti r ed i k e a ki ng en th e tw o p ri l n ces . Wh
ca m e u p , t e sa i hy
d to hi m,
“
Ma y w e a ve so m e of o u r io n s m ik ? h ”
y l ’
l
“
Yes o n o n e co n d iti
, on wi g i I ll
ve yo u th e m ik : yo u m u s t let m e b r a n d yo u l
wi t h m y na m e
”
t ou g . t i Al h
s co n d i ti o n w a s ver h h bi tter to t em t e y h , hy
a g reed T en t e
. h hyh
a s ten ed b a ck to p res en t the m ik to the q u ee n w ho l ,

a t o n ce m a r ri ed t em h
to h er tw o o d er d a u g ter s l
P u g u t Neg r u w en t h .
-

b a ck to hi s O ld i fe a s s ep erd l h h .

No t o n g a fter t i l h
s even t the Moo r s decla r ed w a r o n the C r i s tia ns The h .

ki
’
n g s co u n tr wa s i y
n va ded , a n d the C ri s tia n s wer e a b o u t to b e d i h sa s tro u s ly
d efea ted w en a s tr a n g e k n i
,
h g t w it a m a g i c w ip h( P u g u t N e h
g r u ) a pp e a re d h -

o n th e fil
e d a n d p u t th e Sa r a cen s to fl i g t T is k n ig t w o u n d e d him s e. f in h h h l
h is e flt a r m so t a t h e m i g h
t r ec e iv e th e a t te n h
ti o n o f th e p r in c ess T h e .

k in g s
’
y h
o u n g es t d a u g ter ( P u g u t Neg r u s o w n w i fe) d r ess ed h i
-
s wo u n d
’

wi h
t ou t recog n i zi n g her u sb a n d h
fter th e b a ttl e w a s o ver the k n i
. A g t , h
sa i d to th e k i ng,
“
DO yo u k n ow w ere m y b ro t er P u g u t Neg r u i h ves ?
”
h -
l
B u t th e ki h
n g w a s a s a m ed a t th e w a y h e h a d tr ea ted P u g u t Neg r u , so h e
-

d e n ie d a ll k n o w e d g e o f h im l t o u g t h e k in g. Al h
p r ess e d t h e s tr a n h
g e

k ni g th to co m e t o t h e p a a c e , h e r ef u se d H el a s t e n e d b a c k to h is s .ee p, h h
a nd do n n ed h i s di sg u i se O n ce m or e .

O n e d a y th e o u n g e s t p r in ce y
ss , th e w ife O f D o n F er n a n d o , w e n t s te a t i l h ly
to t h e b u t o f P u g u t -
N eg r u S h e fo u n d h im u n d is g u ise
. d a n d a t o n ce ,

reco g n ized h er a n d k e r c ie f w h
it w ic s h e h a d h
tie d th h h h
e s tr a n g e k n i g t s h ’

w ou n d Sh e e m. b r a ce d h er u s b a n d w it j y
o , a n d a s t h
en ed b a ck to th e h h
p a l
a ce to te t h e ki n g O f hller d is c o v er T h e ki n g im m e d ia te d es p a tc eyd . ly h
hi s p rime mi nis ter to th e h u t i
-
n th e el ds , a n d Do n F er n a n d o was b rou g t fi h
b a ck in s ta te Wh
en h e h a d b een w elco m ed to th e p a a ce, h e to d a ll a b o u t
. l l
hi s trea tm en t b y the two cr u e p ri n ces , w ho he sa i d w ere h i s s a ves l
en l . Wh
th e k in g w a s co n vin ced O f t ei r im pos tu re , t e sa i h
d t e ha d got the i
’
on s hy hy l
l
m ik b y t ei h
r ow n b r a ver , he drove t em a n d t ei r y
ea r tl ess wi ves from h h h
hi s ki n g do m fter m a n . A
o t er a d ven tu res , i n w i c y
h e w as a wa ys h h h l
l
s u ccess fu , Do n F er n a n do too k hi s wi fe Ma ri a to Spa in , w ere t e i
ved h hyl
wi t hi hs fa t er , Ki h
n g O cta vi o .

While it is n ot a b sol u tely certa in tha t o ur fol k ta le O f P edr o a n d -

th e W i tch wa s der i ved fro m th e fir s t pa r t O f th i s rom a n ce I th i nk i t ,

m ost l i k ely Th e p r oblem her e i

. s th e sa m e a s th a t w e ha ve m et w i th
in th e n otes to Nos 1 3 1 6 a n d 2 1 : Whi ch a re ea r l i
. er , the m ore , ,

el a b or a te l i
ter a r y fo rm s or th e s i m p l er po p u l a r for m s ? O bvi
, ou s ly

n o g en era l r u l e ca n b e m a de tha t w i ll hold : ea ch pa rticu lar ca s e m u st

b e ex a m i n ed I n th e p resen t i
. n s ta n ce a s I ha ve show n a t the b e ,

g in n in g o f th e n ot e th e evid en ce se e m s t o , p o i
n t to t h e fo l k ta l e a s -

b ei n g th e der i va tive n ot n ecessa r i ly O f this pa r ticula r for m O f th e

,

s tor y b u t a t a n y ra te of th e sou rce O f th e r om a n ce

, .

n ce Don J u a n Ti n g A rtos a n d
“
Th e rom a n ce O f P r i fioso Son O f Ki ,

Qu een B la n ca O f th e Kin g dom O f Va len cia a n d th e Fou r P r in cesses , ,

eg o O f H un g a r y
”
th e Da u g h ter s of Don Di wh i ch w e h a ve s pok en o f ,

a b ove a s a Ta g a l og ro m a n ce h a s b een p r i n ted a l so in th e P a m p a n g a n , ,

Visa ya n Iloca n o B ico l a n d P a n g a s in a n d i

, , a l ects As to th e da te O f
, .

th e Ta g a l og ver si on R eta n a m en ti on s a n edi , o n b etw een 1 860 a n d

ti
1 898 ( NO Thi
. s r om a n ce i s n ot di rectly con n ected w i th ou r
fol k ta le it w ill b e seen b u t is rela ted closely ( in th e secon d ha l f a t
-
, , ,

leas t) with P u gu t Neg ru “

Bri efly th e l i - fe of J u a n Ti ii oso ru n s
.
'

h
t us .

A
Kin g r tos a n d Q u een B a n ca o f Va en ci l
a h a d o n e so n , Do n J u a n Ti noso , l
h
a n dso m e, b r a ve, s tr on g , k i nd O n e d a y w ie p a ss i n g th e p ri so n , Do n
.
, hl
h
J u a n ea r d so u n ds of grea t a m en ta tio n O n b ein g a d m itted he sa w the l .

g ia n t M a u eo n , a lca p t i
v e O f h is fa t e r
’
s M o v e d b y t h e g ia n t 8 e n tr h
ea ti es . ,

J u a n fr eed h im ; a n d the m o n s ter , gr a tefu in retu r n , g a ve h im a m a gic l

h a n d k er c i h
ef t a t w ou d fu r n i hs hi m wi l
t ever t i h
n g h e w a n ted a n d wo u d , h yh , l
if di ly
s p a ed , s u bd u e a ll w id a n i ma s T en the g i l
a n t dep a r ted l
Kin g . h .

A r tos , ex trem e w ro t wi t hi ly
s so n fo r freei h h
n g o n e O f hi s ca p ti ves , d rove
J u a n o u t o f h is k in g do m J u a n wen t to th e m ou n ta in s , a n d t ere b eca m e
. h
ki n g o f th e a n i ma s l .

O ne ni g t J u a h
n d r ea m ed o f t h e b e a u tifu F lo ce r p i
d a , th e o u n g es t a n d l y
m os t b ea u ti l
fu o f the fou r da u g ters o f Di eg o , Ki n g of H u n ga r h B u t, y .

d eter m i n ed to do pen a n ce fo r th e i b er t he h a d ta k en i n freei l

n g Ma u eo n , y l
h
J u a n a sk ed h is m a gic a n d k erc ief fo r the disg u ise O f a n O ld eper , w ic h l h h
h e vow ed h e w o u d w ea r for seven ea rs l He wen t to H u n g a r a n d en tered y . y
th e ser vi ce o f Ki n g Di eg o a s a g a r den er The p rin cess Flocer p i da w a s .

v er y
co m p a ss i o n a te tow a rd th e O ld eper , a n d J u a n s o ve g rew s tro n g er l ’
l .

O ne ni g t , w h
e n J u a n w h
as b a t in g , F lo ce r p i
d a sa w h im w i t h
ou t h is d i
s h
2 84 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk Lor e -
Soci
ety .

g u i
s e, a n d im m edi a tel fe i n lo ve w i y ll
th hi m O ne d a y Ki n g Di eg o s u m .

m o u ed a ll th e k ni g t s O f his k in g d o h
m , so th a t hi s d a u g te rs m ig t ch oos e h h
h u s b a n ds h
The t r ee o der p rin cesses t r ew thei
. l r g ol de n g r a n a da s , w i ch h h
were ea u g h t b y m en O f ra n k ; b u t F locer p i da refus ed to th r o w her s An g r y, .

the ki n g n ex t d a y ord ered a ll hi s s u b j ects to b e p res en t, a n d req u i r ed hi s

h
d a u g ter to t r ow her go den a pp le h She th rew i l t to the O ld lep ro u s .

g a r d e n er , a n d t h e tw o w ere m a r r i
e d ; b u t th e k i
n g d r o v e h is d a u g t er fro m h
th e pa la ce .

Soon Kin g Di eg o g rew si ck The docto rs p rescr i b ed i. on s m i lk , a n d l ’

h
th e t r ee n ob e o s ns -
l
ia la w set ou t to g et i -
t The forced the g a r den er . . y
h
t ei h
r b r o t er n la w , to g o wi
-
i -
t t em , revi lin g hi h h
m a ll the wa y ; b u t, as he was
o n foo t, t e hy soo n eft hi m b ehi nd l B y m ea ns of hi s m a gi c h a n d k er chi
. ef,

J u a n p rocu red a p rin ce s a rm or a n d m ou n t, a n d , ridin g fas t, he a n ticipa ted

’

hi h
s b ro t ers -i n -l
a w a t th e ca ve of th e i o n ess The soo n ca m e u p a n d l . y
a s k ed fo r m ik lJ u a n , kin g of th e a nim a ls, wo u ld give it to t em o n l on
. h y
co n d i tio n th a t t e hy l h
a l owed t em sel ve s to b e b ra n ded o n th e b a ck w i th a n
in scrip ti o n sa i y h hy
ng t a t t e w ere th e s er va n ts of Don J a n Ti lios o They .

a g r eed , a n d re cei l
ved th e m ik O n the retu rn Do n J u a n a g ain ou ts trip ped
.

h
t em , res u m ed hi s O ld d i sg u ise, a n d w a s revi led b y the b r o ther s w he n they
ca m e u p . Kin g Di eg o dr a n k th e m ik a n d recovered hi s ea l th l h .

La ter Ki n g Di eg o re cei ved a n em b a ss fro m th e Moors s a i n g tha t they y y

w ere co m in g t o g h t hi m H efi a pp o i n te d his t r
. ee so ns -
i a -
l a w g e n er a ls h .

Wh i hy
le t e w ere a t the w a r , J u a n Ti fioso s u m m o n ed t ree gi a n ts , a n d told h
h fi h
t e m to g o g t th e Moors too , to g e t th e Moo ri s fl a g , a n d to ex ch a n ge i t h
wi ht th e g en era ls fo r th ei r t ree g o den gr a n a d a s h
O n th e retu rn O f the l .

h
C ri s tia n ar m a bi gy es ta
, w as p pre a r ed fito o n o r th e su c c e ss fu p ri n ce s h l .

Kin g Ar tos a n d Q u een B a n ca o f Va en ci a w ere i l n vi ted O n th e firs t d a y l .

so m e o f th e g u es ts as k ed a b o u t F locer p i da a n d th e kin g g a ve orders tha t ,

h l
s h e s o u d a p p ea r o n th e m orr ow i n a n O l d b eg g a r s g o w n t a t he w a s sen d
’
h
in g h er ; b u t J u a n Ti fioso s u p p li ed her w i t b ea u ti fu cl o t es a n d a coa ch , h l h
a n d he h m sel f w as d re
i ss ed as a p ri n ce T e w en t to the es ta , w er e, . hy fi h
in th e p resen ce o f th e ki n g h e dem a n d ed h i s t ree se r va n ts p oi
, n tin g to hi s h ,

h
t r ee b r o t ers i h n la w - -
. hy
T e w ere m a de to u n d ress a n d th e b ra n d s o n ,

h
t ei r b a ck s b eca m e cl ea r T en J u a n Ti fioso to d h i
. h
s s tor : h e sa i d tha t l y
it w as h e w h o O b ta i n ed th e ion s m i l
l k w ho w o n a ga in s t the Moo rs, ( a n d
’

h l
s ow ed th e g o den g r a n a das ex c a n g ed fo r th e e n em h
s s ta n d a r d ) Ki ng y ’
.

Di eg o a n d Ki ng A
r tos w er e t en r eco n ci led to h i h
m a n d F locer p i da , a n d th e
h
o t er th r ee p r i n ces a n d th ei r wi ves w er e d ri ven o u t o f H u n g ar y .

Nex t to Doce P a r es and B ern a rd o Ca r p i

o, this rom a n c
e is

th e m os t pop u la r of th e m etrica l ro m a n ce
s r cu a ti
ci ng l n th e
i lip
P hi
p i
n es . It i
s rea d , to d l as a fol k -
l
ta e , a n d a cted a s a m oro-m oro ( w e

JAFL 29 2 05 n o te [ ] , I t be l on g s to th e sa m e c c e o f s tor iyl

es a s

G ri
mm NO
, I ron J ohn wh ich h as m a n y m em bers ( Fo r
. 1 36 ,
“
, .

bibl iog ra p hy , see KOhler B o l te 330 334 : Cos q u i n 1 : 1 38 -

,
-
,

These m em b er s va r y g ea tly a n d som e O f th em Co s q u in NO

r , , .

s tab li tely the con n ecti

"
x l 1) e s h d efin i o n b etw een th e P u g u t Neg r u -

typ e kidn a p p ing O f hero frien dly horse tr a n sform a tion fl ig h t , ,

-
,

di s e o f h er o
s gu i etc a n d th e J u a n Tirioso type a l thou g h it
, .
— “ ‘ ”
,
2 86 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Fol k Lor e Soci
-
ety .

h erself Wh en s he rea ch ed h er l ittl e h u t, sh e a t once a sked th e

.

w a n d for food I m m ed ia tely th ere a ppea r ed a ta bl e on w hich

.

w a s th e bes t food i n the w or ld Wh en s h e h a d finish ed ea tin g , .

s h e com m a nded th e ta bl e to d i sa ppea r , a n d i t di

sa ppea r ed

in sta n tly Now sh e beca m e ver y proud on a ccoun t O f h er

.

wo nd er ful possess ion . Sh e d i

d n ot recog nize h er fr iend s an y

m ore .

O n e da y hb ish o p a r r i
ved i
a n a rc n th e tow n in whi ch s he w a s

l iving a n d a ll th e b ell s w er e r ung i

, n hi s h on or She th en b e .

ca m e ver y a n g r y a n d wond ered w h y th e bell s w ere n o t r un g

,

for h er w h enever s h e pas sed i n fron t o f th e chu r ch SO s he . .

wen t to the tow er w h er e th e bell s wer e a n d com m a nded th em ,

to to ll for h er They beg a n to r i ng b u t sh e w as s tr uck on the

.
,

h ea d a n d w a s kn ocked sen seless Wh en Sh e r ecovered sh e .

,

h a s ten ed h om e a n d beg a n to cl im b th e pl a n t to as k St P eter

, .

for a noth er g i ft ; b u t befor e s h e h a d cover ed on e h a lf th e d is ta n ce

,
-

to th e sk y th e pl a n t br oke a n d sh e w as ki
, ll ed by h er fa ll , .

Thu s sh e w a s puni s h ed for h er va n i ty .

N O TES .

s stor y i
Th i s a sor t o f ex em pl u m of th e s i
n of p r i
d e a n d a va r i
ce. In
th i ti
s resp ect i s con n ected i th G ri
dea w i
n i mm
’
s s tor y of Th e F i
s h er

m an a nd hi
s W ife ”
( NO . ts m ethod
In i and m ac h in er y , agai
n,

i
t bel on g s to th e J a ck a n d th e B ea n s ta l k cycle the m a in fea tu re
“ "
,

O f w hi ch i c p l a n t wh i
s a m a gi dly u n ti
ch g r ow s r a p i l it rea ches the sk y
a n d en a b es l i
ts ow n er to c i
m l b to th e o n s a n d secu r e m a gi
u p per r eg i c

a rti
c es . l Ma ccu lloch le ch a p ter (x vr) to th e discu ss ion
devo tes a w ho
o f th i s cycle a n d ci tes m a n y fol k ta les tur n i
, n ci
n g o n th e i den t of th e -

m a gi c p l a n t r ea ch i
n g fr om ea r th to h ea v en ( see es peci a lly pp 434 .

B ri ef a n d l a ck ing in d eta i
, l thou g h ou r stor y is it is n everth e ,

less in ter estin g a s a com b in a tion of in ciden ts f om the two cycles r

j u s t m en tion ed ; a n d in its com bin a tion it show s I b el ieve th a t it h a s , ,

b een der i
ved from som e sou th er n Eu ropea n M a rchen su ch a o n e , ,

p er h aps, a s th e foll ow i n g from Norm a n dy (g i ven i n KOh ler B ol te -

,

1 02 th e s tor y o f p oor Mi ser e a n d h i s fied w i

ssa ti
s ever d i fe : -

Misere m eets C h r is t a n d St P eter , a n d b eg s fro m t em

. C ri st g ives hi m h . h
a b ea n , a n d tel s h i l
m to b e sa ti s ed w i t i t fi
Misere goes o m e wit h is h . h h
i
g ft, a n d s ti ck s the b ea n i n the ea r t in side h i s hu t h h Stra i g tw a a p a n t . h y l
g r o w s o u t O f t h e b e a n , a n d r a p i
d p u s es its w a y u ply h
t r o u g th e c im n e h h h y .

ly
The n ex t da y its to p is en tire ou t o f sig t The w ife n ow o r ders Mi h sere to
.

fin d o u t i h
f t ere a re a n y b ea n s o n i t rea d to b e p i ck ed y
He clim b s u p th e .

p aln t a n
, d , s in ce h e n d s n o p od s , cofin ti n u es i
g e r a n d i g e r , u n ti h h
h e n d s h h l fi
h i l
m se f b efore a a r g e g o den lou se T i sl o u se ih s P a r a di .se h h
St P ete r . .
 lipino P opul a r Ta les
Fi . 2 87

o pen s th e door for hi m , a nd i n a n sw er to h i s req u es t p rom i ses h i m t a t he h

ll
wi fin d a t o m e food a n d d ri h nk The n ex t da y Mi se r e s wi
.
’
fe g i ves her
h u s b a n d n o r es t u n ti he a g a i n ci l
m b s u p to P a r a di l
se a n d as k s St P eter for .

a n ew o u se h So m e da s a ter Mi
. sere i y l
s a ga in for ced to vi sit St P eter a n d .

a sk hi m to m a k e h i m a n d hi s wi fe ki n g a n d q u een The sa in t fu s t i s . lfil h

wi s hl ik ew i se b u t w a r n s Mi
, sére a g a i n s t co m i n g a n y m or e I n b rief, how .

ever , Mi se re s wi
’
fe is s ti u n sa ti ll
s ed , a n d even wi fi
s es to b eco m e th e H o h ly
h
Virg in a n d h er u sb a n d to b e m a de God im se f en Mi se h
r e, w it t i s l . Wh h h
r eq u es t, co m es a g a i n to P a ra d ise, St P eter a n g r i se n ds h i m a w a ; a n d th e
. ly y
p oo r m a n n d s o n fi
ea r t his O ld h u t a n d h ev er t in g e se j u s t as it w a s i
n yh
th e l
fi rs t p l a ce.

KOhler (ibi d , p 1 0 3) sa
. y s t.h a t p ro b a b ly t h e h ea v e n -
r ea ch i
n g p l a n t
di d n ot or i g in a lly b e l on g to t h i s s to r y o f t h e p oo r m a n s p r o u d w ife ,
’

t a s p rob b ly th E g l i sh fol k ta le O f J a ck
“
a n d th a t i w a ta k e n over f ro m e n -

a n d th e B ea n s ta l k B ol te a n d P ol i
”
. vk a , i n th ei r n otes to G r i mm ,
NO 1 9 ( 1. ob serve : I t ca n ea s i ly b e seen tha t thes e stories
th e va r ia n ts O f the F i sh er m a n a n d h i s Wi fe fa ll in to tw o g rou ps .

I n th e on e, w h i ch i s p a r ti cu l a r ly w i des p rea d a m on g th e Germ a ni c

a n d Sl a vi c peo p les , b u t i s a l so fou n d i n F ra n ce a n d Sp a i n a ca p ti ve ,

g o b l i
n in th e fo r m O f a fi s h g r a n t s h is c a p to r th re e o r m o re w is h es ;
a m o n g th e F r en ch a n d I ta l i a n s on th e o ther h a n d , i , t i s u su a lly God

or th e door -k eeper o f hea ve n w h o g r a n ts th e sa m e w i s hes to a p oor

m a n w h o r ea ches P a ra d i se b y m ea n s O f a bea n s ta l k -
Th i s bea n .

sta l k her e m a y h a ve or i y J
‘
g in a t e d f r o m th e s to r O f a c k a n d t h e B ea n

s ta l k o r fr om th e ly i n g -s tor y , G r i I n a F re n ch fol k
’ ‘
m m NO 1 1 2
’
. .

ta le g i
“ ”
ven b y C a rn oy ( R o m a n i a, 8 La Ti g e d e F ev e t h e ,

hu sb a n d p la n ts a b ea n which h e h a s received from a begg a r , a n d

cl im bs u p th e s ta l k to h ea ve n W h en h e a sk s for h is la st w ish , he
.

p l u n g e s do w n to ea r t h T h is s t o r y
.
, i t w ill b e se e n r es e m b le s o u rs in ,

its tr a g i c con cl u s ion a l thou g h th e p rota g on i

, s t, a s i n th e Norm a n dy

vers i on i s a m an i
, n s tea d o f a w o m a n Th e fa ct th a t i . n ou r s tor y n o

h u sba n d is m en tion ed cou n ts for l ittle , a s pra ctica lly a ll the ex em pla
of th i s ty pe a r e di ty ; a n d th e w om a n s
’
r ected a g a i n s t w om a n s va n i
’

ca se i n ou r s tor y i llu s tra tes the p u n ishm en t for tha t va n ity or p ride , .

Ther e a p pea rs to b e record ed n o Spa n i s h s tor y con ta i ni n g the i n sa ti

a b le w i fe a n d th e hea ven -rea chi n g p la n t I t seem s rea son a b le to

.

con cl u de , th er efor e , th a t ou r fo l k ta le w a s der i ved from the F ren ch or

-

I ta lia n a n d p roba bly th rou g h th e m ediu m of the clergy

, .

38 . A N EGR I TO SLAV E .
l

O n ce upo n a tim e th er e w er e th r ee pr inces w h o own ed a

Negr ito s l a ve Al thoug h h e w a s ca lled a s l a ve he w a s n ot
.
,

r ea lly on e : h e w a s only n o m i n a lly a s l a ve ; for th e p r in ces ,

es peci a lly th e youn g est w h om h e l oved m os t trea ted hi

,
m ,

Narra ted b y Jes us de la R a m a a Visaya n from Va lla dolid O cciden ta l Neg ros
. . .
2 88 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k Lor e Soci
ety -
.

ki n dly .O n e str i king ch a ra cter istic of th is Neg rito w a s th a t

hi s g rinn i ng w a s l ike th a t of a m onkey ; a n d he O ften grinn ed ,
a n d g rinn ed w i tho ut ca u se He would O ften follow h i
. s yo un g

m as ter w h en h e w en t ou t for a w a lk ; a n d h e h a d a s u i t si mi la r
’
to th e pr i n ce s , so th a t w h en th ey w ere o u t on th e str eet, th ey
,

looked ver y m uch a l i ke The o nly d iffer ence betw een th em

.

w a s th a t h e w as bl a ck a n d th e pr i
, n ce w a s w h ite Yet h e own ed .

a ri ng a ch a r m w hich h ad been g iven him by a w om a n for sa vin g

,

h er fr om th e h a nd s of a r obber Thi s ri ng g a ve him pow er to

.

ca ll fo r a n yth i n g h e w a n ted ; a n d th is w a s th e r easo n doubtl ess , ,

w h y h e w a s tr ea ted w i th ki ndness by h is m as ter s .

I n a n ei g hb or in g l a nd th e r e w a s a k in g w h o h a d a b ea u tif u l
d a ug h ter This pr in cess w a n ted to m a r r y She w as so d e
. .

si ro u s o f h a vi n g a com pan i o n th a t s h e coul d n ot s leep d a y o r

,

n ig h t, m ed ita ting on how sh e could h a ve a husba n d th a t w ou ld

su i t both h erself a n d h er fa th er At l as t, w on over by h er
.

m a ny en trea ti es , th e ki ng pr ocl a im ed to a ll th e wor ld th a t his

d a ug h ter would m a r r y a n y on e w ho h a d a h a ndsom e a ppea r a n ce,
a n d w h o could a n swer h i s thr ee d i fficul t q u esti ons Thos e .

who ca m e to th e cou r t a n d w er e un a bl e to a n sw er th e ques ti o ns

o f th e ki ng w ere to l ose th eir l ives .

Th e th r ee pr in ces w er e a ll h a nd so m e Th e tw o eld er br o th er s .

tri ed to a n sw er th e ki ng s qu estion s b u t l os t th eir l ives Th e

’
, .

young est rem a in ed a n d , a l thoug h he w a n ted to tr y h e w as s u re

, ,

th a t h e w ould fa i l too Th e Neg r ito deter m in ed to help him

. .

B y m ea n s o f h i s ri n g h e w a s a ble to m a ke h i s s ki n w h ite He .

a l so g ot a m as k th a t w as ex a ctly l i ke th e fa ce O f h is young m a s ter .

Then h e d ressed h i m self to resem bl e th e p r i nce a n d w en t to ,

“
the co u r t o f th e ki n g Th e king s a id to h im
. Will you h a ve ,

” “
you r h ea d cu t O ff , too ? He a nsw er ed , Yes , i f I ca n no t
”
a n sw er yo u r qu es ti o n s ; b u t let u s see !
“
All r i
g h t, sa id t h e k in g T h en .h e a s k ed W h o o w n s th i
,s
”
kin g dom ?
Th e pr in ce a n sw er ed , God ow n s th i s ki ng d om Th e ki ng .

w a s s ur pr i sed a t h i s bold r eply H ow ever , h e could n ot sa y

.

th a t i t w a s n ot Go d s for th a t w ould b e un tr ue : th er efor e h e

’
,

co uld n ot co m pel th e p r i nce to a nsw er th a t it w as his , th e kin g s ’

.

“ ”
The n ex t qu esti o n w a s th i s: How m u ch a m I w or th ?
Th e pr i nce a n sw er ed , You a r e n ot w or th m ore th a n th ir ty
”
pieces O f s ilver . Th e king w a s fu r i ou s w hen he h ea r d th i s,

an d sa i d th a t if th e p r ince could n ot g ive a g ood reason for his

,

n s u l nn g w ords , h e w ou l d b e p u t to dea th i
i n s ta n tly
'

.
2 90 Mem oirs of the Am er i
ca n Folk Lor e Soci
ety - .

(on J F . . Ca m pbell s
’
NO . an d 4 92 (
on th e Tu ki
sh r Nasr ed din s
-
’

7 oth j es t) .

The s li
n g of ou r s tor
open i i y
k e tha t of m a n y of th e ta les i n th e

de W a ger group , i ch th e you n ges t o f th r ee br oth ers , a fter

”
B ri n wh i

th e tw o ol der ha ve los t th ei
r lives , r i
sk s hi
s Com p ar e , for i n s ta nce, .

th e Eu ropea n va ri a nts ci ted in ou r n otes to No 2 1 Th i s op en i ng , . .

w hich does n ot belong to ou r p r esen t cycle was dou btless a tta ched

to the s tor y of th e th ree question s

Isla n ds them selves The
n the
i .

com b i n a tion does n ot a p p ea r to ha ve been ver y ha pp i ly efl ected ,

a l thoug h i s ea s y to see th e ba s i on (cf Von Ha hn s

’
ti s for th e a ssoci a ti .

form u la 2 4 a n d bibl iog ra p hy) Very littl e distinction is m a de b e .

tw een th e g ood qua l i es of th e th ree brothers a n d the Neg r i

’
ti to s
,

determi n a tion to hel p th e l as t on ly i s n ot m oti va ted Th e Neg r i to .

h im sel f however is necessa ry to the story

, , he ta k es th e p la ce of
,

th e m i ller in m ost of the Europea n form s a n d he h a d to b e fitted ,

in a s bes t h e could The m a gi . c ri n g O f the s l a ve w i th th e a i d of w hi, ch

he i s a b le to m a k e hi m sel f look ex a ctly l i k e hi s m a ster does n ot ,

a p pea r i n a n y of th e other va r i a n ts tha t I k n ow o f I n m a n y o f the

Eu ro pea n form s th e occa sion of th e qu estions is this : A k in g or a
n ob lem a n b ecom es an g r y wi th a p ri es t or bi s hop a n d th rea ten s h i m ,

wi th dea th i f h e ca nn ot a n sw er w i th i n a defin i te ti m e th ree q u esti ons

tha t a re p u t to h i m As the ch i .ef i n teres t of th e s to r y i s i n th e so lvi ng

of th e ri d dles or p roblem s i ti s ea s y to see how there m i

, g h t b e a w id e

va r i a tion i n setti ng i f the s tory p a ssed a ro u nd m uch by word o f m outh .

Th e q u es ti on s them selves a r e cu ri ou s Here a re som e o f thos e

.

fou n d in th e Europea n version s : ( 1 ) How m u ch w ater is ther e in the

sea ? ( )
2 H o w m a n y d a y s h a ve p a s se d s in c e A d a m l i
v e d ? (3) Wh e r e

i s th e cen tr e of th e ea r th ? (4) H o w fa r i
s it fr o m e a r th to h ea v en ?
(5) W h a t is t h e b rea d th o f h ea v e n ? ( )
6 W h a t is th e ex a c t v a l u e o f th e

ki n g a n d hi s g olden crown ? (7 ) How lon g a tim e w ou ld it ta k e to

ri de a r ou n d the whole w or ld ? ( 8 ) W h a t i s the k i n g th i nki n g O f th i s

ver y m om en t? (9) How fa r i s for tu n e r em oved from m i sfortu n e ?

( )
1 0 H o w fa r is it fr om E a s t to W es t? ( )
1 1 H o w h ea v y is t h e m oo n ?
( 12 ) How d eep i
s w a ter ?
Som e qu es tion s a r e clever ; others a re on ly
of th e a n swers to these
less s tu pid tha n the person s w ho a sk ed the ques tion s Th e solutio n s .

to th e tw elve j ust g i A tu n “ “
ven a re : ( 1 ) How ca n you p ro ve .

tha t?
“”
J u st order a ll the s trea m s which fl ow in to the sea to
s ta n d s ti ll This rep ly is n ot u n lik e the cou n ter d em a n d to th e
.
-

r d q u es ti n ou r s tor y y
“
th i on i ( )
2 Se ve n ; a n d w h e n
. th e com e to a n

en d they beg i W y
”
, n aga in (3) h er e m y c hu
. r ch s ta n ds : let ou r s er v
a n ts m ea su re w i th a cord a n d if ther e i s th e b r ea dth of a bl a d e o f g r a ss
,

de t a n o n the ot er ,
m or e o n on e s i h h I ha ve los t m y c u rch h
(4) .

“
J u st so fa r a s a m a n s voi
’
ce ca n ly b e hea rd
ea s i
”
.
(5)
“
A thousa nd
fa thom s a nd a thou sa n d ll
e s: then ta k e a wa y th e su n a n d m oon and

a ll th e s ta rs , a n d p ress a ll together , a n d i b e n o broa der

t wi ( )
6 ll .
”

Th i s q u es ti
on i s a n s wered ex a ctly a s th e secon d i n o u r s tor y (7) .

I f you set ou t w ith th e Su n a n d r ide w ith him , you will get a rou n d th e
” “
ea r th i n tw en ty fou r h ou rs -
( )
8 T h.e k i n g th in k s I
’
m a n a b bo t,

a n d I m o n ly a s hep herd (or m i ller ) W ith this qu estion a n d a n swer

’
.

com p a re the la s t ta s k i ly y
“
n ou r N0 2 5 (9) O n .o n e n ig
. h t , fo r e
s t e r

da y I w a s a shep her d , a n d tod a y I a m a n a b bot A y

” “
( ) d
’
1 0 a s .

j ou r n ey ”
( )
1.1 A q u a r te r ( o f a p o u n d ) : if t h e ki n g d oes n
’
t b el ie ve
i t, let h im w ei g h th e m oo n h im se l f ( )
1 2
“
A s to n e .s t h ro w
’
.

Th e m ethod o f a n swer i n g th e q u es ti on s a s k ed i n th i s cycle o f s tori es ,

a n d the o bs cu r e or i g in o f t h e c l e v e r s u bs ti tu te , f or m a d ir ec t
con n e c

o n , I b el i C lever La ss cycle
”
ti eve , b etw een thi s g r ou p a n d the .

Not on ly do w e fin d i n b oth th e si tu a ti on of a per son ou t o f fa vor re

qu ired to a n sw er d ifl icu lt r iddles , a n d the ta s k a ss u m ed vol u n ta r ily b y

som e on e h u m b ler b u t m ore clever th a n h e , b u t even so m e o f th e q u es

ti on s them sel ves , a n d th e sa m e styl e o f a n sw ers , a re fou n d i n both

cycles Fo r ex a m p le , com pa re q u es ti
. on s a n d a n sw ers 1 , 3, 5, 7 , a bove,

wi th ta s k s 1 2 , 4 , i , n th e n otes to ou r No 7 I n G ri m m , NO 1 52 , . . .

s a s k ed th ree q u e b le to
“
Th e Shepher d B oy, th e hero i
”
s ti on s i m poss i
a n sw er , How m a n y d ro ps of wa ter a r e th ere i n th e sea ? How

m a n y s ta rs a re i n th e hea ven s ? How m a n y secon ds h a s etern i ty ?

He g ets ou t of h i s di fli‘cu lty j u s t a s th e C lever La ss g ets ou t of hers ,
by m ak i n g eq u a ll y i m pos si b l e cou n ter d em a n ds , or else gi
-
vi ng

a n swers tha t ca n n o t b e p roved i n cor rect .

39 A L B E R TO A N.D T H E M O N ST ER S .
l

O n ce th er e w as a ki n g in C a s ig u r a n na m ed Lu is King Lu is .

h a d th r ee bea u ti ful d a ug h ter s b u t th e young es t w as th e fa ir es t

,

o f a ll O n e d a y th e th r ee pr i
. ncesses w en t to th e or ch a r d to
a m u se th em sel ves I t h a ppened th a t on th a t d a y th e w i
. nd
blew ver y h a rd a n d th ey w ere sw ept a w a y Th e king fel t ver y
, .

s a d over th e lo ss of h i s d a u g h ters ; an d h e i ssu ed pr ocl a m a ti ons

in a ll p a r ts O f h is ki n g dom sa ying th a t a n y o n e w h o could fin d

,

hi s d a ug h ter s w ith in th r ee d a ys w ould b e a llow ed to choose on e

o f th e th r ee for h i s wi fe .

At th a t ti m e th er e w as a l so i n th e n ei g hb o r i
n g kin g d o m o f
Si n u cu a n a ki n g w h o h a d a br a ve son n a m ed Al ber to Wh en .

Alber to h ea r d o f th e m a tter h e w en t to th e ki ng an d sa id th a t
, ,

h e w o uld l oo k for h i s l os t d a u g h ters Ki n g Lu is a ccep ted h is .

O ff er . P rince Alber to n ow beg a n h is Sea r ch He w a l ked an d .

N arr a te d by P a ci
ta Cor d
ero of P s g sen i
sn. Lag u na . Sh e sa ys .
“
Thi
s story i
s com m on

a m on g th e Ta ga log s . I t was tol dt o me by m y n ur se w hen I was a li

ttle gi
rl
”
.
2 92 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk L or e Soci
ety -
.

w a lked un til h e ca m e to a l a r g e for est w h er e h e found two bo ys

”
fig h ti ng . Wh a t a r e you fig h ting a bou t? h e sa id Th e on e .

a n sw er ed th a t th e o th er b oy w a s ta ki ng h i s boo t a w a y fr o m h i m .

“
Al ber to th en sa i d to th e oth er b oy Why d on t you g ive th e ’
,

b oy hi s boot ? Th e boo t i s o ld Th e b oy sa i d th a t th e boo t

.
,

if w or n by a n y on e w o uld ca rr y h i ,m to w h a tever pl a ce h e w a n ted

to g o pr ovi
, d ed h e kicked th e gr ound To settl e th e con tes t .

between th e tw o P r in ce Alber to took th e boot fr om th em a n d

, ,

sa i d Go over by th a t l a rg e tr ee a n d th e on e w h o ca n r u n h er e
, ,
”
firs t sh a ll h a ve th e boot Wh ile th e boys w er e w a lking tow a r d s
.

th e tr ee th e p r i
, nce p u t on th e boot a n d kicked th e g r ound He .

w a s a t on ce ca r r i ed fa r a w a y Wh en th e boys g ot ba ck to th e
.

or ig in a l pl a ce A lb
,er to h a d d i
s a pp e a r ed .

At th e pl a ce w h er e th e boot ca r r i ed h i m Alber to found two

“
youn g m en fig h ting over a r u sty k ey He sa id to th em Why .
,

do yo u fig h t for su ch a n O ld r u sty k ey? You a r e n ot ch i l dr en :

”
y o u a r e y o un g m en Yo u ou g h t to .b e a s h a m ed o f yo u r se l ves .

Th e eld er of th em a n sw ered th a t th e k ey if it w er e kn ocked ,

aga i n s t a s tone w ould open th e stone h ow ever h a r d it m ig h t

, ,

be . Th e pr in ce took th e k ey from them a n d Sa id GO to a , ,

cer ta i n pl a ce a n d r a ce ba ck h er e Th e on e to r ea ch her e firs t

, .

”
s h a ll h a ve th e k ey Th e tw o a g r eed a n d s ta r ted a w a y
.
, .

Wh ile th ey w ere gon e Alber to kicked th e g r o und a n d th e boot

, ,

ca rr i ed h i m to a n oth er pl a ce Wh en th e young m en ca m e ba ck
.
,

th e p r i n ce w as n o l ong er th ere .

Th i s ti m e P ri nce Al ber to found tw o O ld m en fig h ting He .

a s ked th em th e s a m e qu es ti o n a s h e h a d a s ked th e o th er s ; a n d

o n e o f th em a n sw er ed If th a t h a t is w or n by a n y on e his b ody
, ,
”
wi ll b e invis ibl e ; h e w ill n ot b e seen Th e pr i nce secu r ed th e .

h a t fro m th ese O ld m en by tell i ng th em th e sa m e th ing h e h a d

to ld th e o th er s Wh ile th ey w er e r unn ing their ra ce h e p u t
.
,

th e h a t on a n d k i cked th e g r ound .

Th e boo t n ow b rou g h t hi m befo r e a hug e r ock w h i ch h a d a

s m a ll h o l e i n i t Alber to p u t the k ey i
. n th e h o l e a n d th e r o ck ,

s udd enly o pen ed Wh en h e en ter ed it h e fo u n d a s tr ee t

.
,

lea d in g to a pa l a ce He w en t up to th e p a l a ce ; a n d w hen h e
.

e n ter ed th e d oo r a bea u ti , ful pr in cess m et him B efor e Alber to .

co uld s a y a w o r d th e p r i n cess told him to g o a w a y ; for s h e sa id

,

“
th a t a seven h ea d ed m on s ter w as l i
-
vi ng w ith h er If th a t is .

” “
th e ca se sa i
, d th e pr ince Sh ow m e h is s w or d a n d I w ill kil l
, ,

hi m . Th e p ri n cess poin ted to th e sw or d w h ich w a s h a ng in g ,

2 94 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk L or e Soci
ety -
.

Th e pr in ce a n sw er ed th a t th a t w a s w h a t h e h a d co m e for So
.

he left h er w ith ou t fur ther ta lk for it w a s a l rea dy th e , n ig h t O f

th e second da y .

He then ki cked th e g r ound an d fo und h i m self i

, n f r on t o f

a n o th er hu g e rock w h i ch h e o pen ed
, H er e th e th ir d pr incess .

g r ee t ed h im. A fter a s ki n g h im se v er a l qu e s tio n s as to h ow h e

h a d co m e th er e sh e beg g ed h i
, m to g o a w a y for s he s a i d th a t ,

it w a s ti m e for th e twel ve h ea d ed m ons ter to co m e h o me

-
But .

he di d n ot g o a w a y He a s ked for th e s w or d of th e m onster

.
,

b u t O f cou rse h e could n ot m ove i t SO th e p r i n cess g a ve h im.

th r ee pa i l s of w a ter to d r ink Wh en th e m o n ster ca m e h om e

.
,

th e p r i n ce cu t his h ea d s O ff on e a fter a no th er a s h e h a d do ne ,

to th e o th er tw o Th e m a in h ea d w a s n ow the o nly on e l eft

. .

Th en the pr ince r em oved h i s h a t a n d p r esen ted h i m self before

,

th e m on ster w h o th ou g h t th a t h e could ea s i
, ly kill h im n ow th a t ,
“ ”
h e could see h i He s a i d Wa it I ll g o a n d g et m y sw or d ’
m .
, , .

B u t he could n ot find i t for th e p r i ,nce h a d a lr ea dy ta ken it .

Wh en h e r etu r n ed h e sa id to the pr ince You h a ve m y sw o r d

, , .

He h a d sca r cely s poken th ese w or d s w h en Alber to cu t 0 5 h i s

r em a i n ing h ea d Wh en Alber to told th e p rin cess th a t h e h a d

.

a l r ea dy sa ved h er tw o Si s ter s Sh e j u m ped w i th j oy a n d em br a ced

,

hi
m .

Alberto n ow took th e pr i ncess in h is a r m s kicked th e g r ound , ,

an d th ey w er e br ou g h t to th e p a l a ce o f th e seco nd s i s ter Th en .

th e pr i n ce kicked th e g r ound a g a in , a n d a ll th ree w er eca r r ied

to th e p a l a ce o f th e yo u n g es t s is ter B u t th ere w a s n o tim e for.

d el a y , a s th e th ir d d a y w as n ea r ly g one SO h e qu ickly br o u g h t .

a ll th r ee p ri n cesses ba ck to th eir fa ther s kin g d om Wh en th ey ’

.

a r rived a t th e p a l a ce Ki n g Lui
, s w a s ov er j o yed to see h is da u g h

ters a g a i n He told the pr in ce to d ecid e w h ich on e h e w a n ted

.

fo r a w i fe Wh il e th e th r ee p r incesses w er e ta lkin g a bou t th eir

.

l ife w ith th e m on sters , Alber to m a na g ed w ith ou t being no ticed , ,

to g i ve h i s h an dker ch i ef to th e youn g es t .

Th e n ex t d a y Alberto ca ll ed a t th e p a l a ce H a ve you de .

ci d ed w hom you a r e g oing to ta ke for a w ife ? sa id th e king .

“
Th e pr i nce a n sw ered The on e w ho h a s a h a n dkerch i
, ef j u s t
”
l ike m ine Sh a ll b e m y w ife Now a ll th ree w er e a nx i
. o u s to ,

h a ve th e bra ve pr ince for th eir hu sba nd so they h a s tened to ,

th eir r oo m s to g et th ei
r h a ndker ch i efs Th e tw o O ld er s i
s ter s .

fir st p resen ted th eir s b u t n eith er r esem bled Alberto s Th e n

’
.
,

th e young est s how ed th e on e w h i ch Alber to h a d g i

ven h er th e
da y before a n d so s he w a s m a r r i
, ed to h im For th ree d ays .

ban quets of th a nksg iving w ere held a n d th e m a r ria g e festivities ,

l a sted for two da ys The oth er two pr in cesses were a lso m a rried
.

to ki
’
ng s so n s .

NO TES .

There i
s a s triki
n g a n a og l y betw een the O p en i
n g of ou r s tory a n d

tha t of a Ser vi
a n ta e l (Wu k No w here a Ka i s er h a s th ree da u g h ters
, .

whom he rea rs i n clos e con fin em en t b u t w hom h e per m i ts on e da y , ,

a fter they ha ve becom e of m a r ri a g ea ble a ge to da n ce th e k olo Wh ile , .

they a r e da n ci n g a s tor m b l ows u p a n d ca rr i

, es them a ll a w a y Th e , .

res t of th e stor y i a n t o f ou r No 1 8 w i
s a va r i th wh i ch ou r p resen t s tory .
, ,

too , ha s som e p oin ts o f con ta ct.

For the m a g i cles secu r ed b y th e her o fr om cer ta i

c a r ti n per sons

qu ar rell in g over them , a d for th e F ee fi fo fu m for m u la , see n otes

n - - -

to NO . 1 8.

Th eh ero s drin k in g a p a il of m a gic wa ter a n d b ecom in g so stron g

’
,

th a t w hen h e si n an i
ts i ron ch a i t brea k s dow n u n der h i
r i m r eca lls the ,

simi la r fea t of Stro n g Ha n s (G rim m NO , .

Th e th r ee m ons ters of i n g ly gr ea ter for m i

n cr ea si lity Seven
da bi
H ea ds Ten Hea ds Twelve Hea d s
,
-
whi,ch a r e s la in b y th e hero
-
,

w h o u ses thei r ow n wea pon s on th em reca ll th e u n derwor l d m o n s ters .

killed b y th e hero in th e B ea r s Son cycle (cf ou r n otes to No

“ ” ’
. .

Althou gh the even ts of ou r stor y a re loca ted in the P h ilippin es the ,

Ca s i
g u r a n ly b ein g the town in Ta ya b a s on the west
on ed p rob a b
m en ti
coa s t of L u zon th e ta le a s a w hole a p pea r s to h a ve been i
, m ported .

The Si s p roba b ly th e fa m ou s leg en da r y Ki

n u cu a n referr ed to i n g of

, ch ora l l i
P a m p a n g a of w hom th e P a m pa n g a n s ha ve a ri tera tu re He .

is sa id to ha ve l i ved on Mou n t Ar a ya t He figu res in ou r No 7 9 ( b) . . .

JUA N A N D M A R I4A0 . .
l

O n ce th er e l i ved i n a ba r ri o an o ld beg g a r co upl e Th ey .

h a d a so n n a m ed Ju a n an d a d a u g h ter Ma ri , a Th e proceed s .

fr om th eir begg ing w er e h a r dly enoug h to s uppor t th e fa m ily .

O n e da y a fter th e O ld m a n h a d r etu r n ed h om e from town he

, ,

o r d er ed h i s wi fe to cook th e r ice th a t ha d been g iven h i m The .

O ld w o m a n o beyed h i m Wh en h e sa w th a t th e r ice w a s n ot
.

en ou g h for h i m a n d hi s wi fe a n d ch ildr en h e a ngrily sa id to h er , ,

From n ow on d on t let m e see ou r ch i ldren i i

’
, n th s h o u se .

”
C h as e th em as fa r as you ca n an d let th em fin d th ei r o wn food
, .

Th e O ld m oth er w ept w h en s he hea r d th e wor d s O f h er cr uel

N arra ted b y A i o Pa scu a l of Ara ya t P a m m n
“
ci n w h o sa ys Th i
s stor y is often
. . .

to l d by P am l re n .
r gra n chi
pa n g a n g ra n dm oth ers to thei d d I ha ve hear d it m any ti
m es .
L a tel y it was told to m e a ga i
n by a n O ld wo m a n .
”
2 96 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk Lore Soci
ety -
.

h u sb an d Sh e di
. d n o t w a nt to b e separ a ted from h er ch i ld ren ;
b u t sh e fea red th a t sh e w ould b e w h i pped if s h e kep t th em , so
sh e o beyed the cr u el or d er At firs t th e poor chi ld r en d id n o t
.

w an t to g o a w a y ; b u t, w h en th ey sa w th a t th eir b a d fa th er w a s

g o in g to kic k th em , t h ey ra n O ff cr yin g .

Soo n th e ch i ldr en ca m e to a w ild fores t Ma r ia , w h a t w ill .

” “ ”
b ecom e o f u s her e ? sa i d Ju a n I a m ver y hung r y , sa id th e.

“
littl e g i I d on t th ink th a t I ca n g et you a n y food in th is
’
rl .

“ ”
wi lder n ess , sa id th e kind broth er , b u t let m e see ! He th en
looked a r ound B y g ood lu ck h e found a g u a va tr ee w i
.
-
th o n e
s m a ll fr u i
t on i t He im m ed i.a tely cl im bed up fo r th e g u a va ,
an d g a ve i t to h i s hun g r y s i
s ter Th en th e two childr en r e .

su m e d th eir j ou r n ey .

As th ey w er e w a lki ng a lo ng Mar ia found a hen s eg g on th e,

’

g r a ss
. Sh e p ick ed it up a n d ca rr i
ed it a l o n g w ith h er i
n h er

d ir ty r a gg ed s kir t At l a st th ey sa w a ver y s m a ll b u t roo fed

.

wi th dr y ta la hi b (coa r se l ong gr a ss ) An O ld wo m a n i
, n th e .

h u t w el com ed th em an d a s ked th em w h er e th ey w ere g oi

, ng .

After Ju a n h a d to ld h er th ei r s tor y s h e i nvited th e tir ed ch il ,

dren to s ta y in th e h u t w ith h er She pr om ised th a t sh e w o uld .

trea t th em a s h er l i ttl e so n a n d d a u g h ter Fr o m th a t ti m e on .

,

Ju a n a n d Ma r ia l ived w ith th e kind O ld w om a n Ju a n g r ew to .

b e a str on g fin e m a n a n d Ma r i a beca m e a bea u ti

, ful yo u n g
w om a n Ju a n s pen t a l m ost a ll h is tim e hu n ting in th e m o u n
.

ta i ns a n d w ood s .

O n e m or n i n g h e ca u g h t a bl a ck d eer Wh ile h e w a s ta kin g .

th e a n i m a l h om e th e d eer Sa i ,d to h im Ju a n a s soon a s yo u , ,

r ea ch yo u r h o m e ki ll m e ea t m y fles h a n d p u t m y h ide in yo u r
, , ,

tr unk . After th ree d a ys o pen you r tr unk a n d you w i ll see ,

”
so m eth i ng a ston is h ing When Ju a n r ea ch ed h om e h e d id
.
,

a s th e d eer h a d told h i m to d o O n th e th i r d d a y h e fo und i

. n

th e tr unk g old en a r m or He w a s g r ea tly d el i.

g h te d by th e

preciou s g ift .

Ma r ia h a d n ot been l ivin g lon g w ith th e O ld w om a n w h en s h e

found th a t th e egg h a d h a tch ed in to a ch ick w h ich soon g r ew ,

in to a fin e fig h tin g cock O n e m or n ing th e cock cr ow ed .

,
”
“
To k to k O k ok ! Ta ke m e to th e cockpi
’
- - -
t I ll s ur ely w in ! .

Ma r ia told th e O ld w om a n w h a t th e cock h a d sa id a n d th e n ex t ,

Sund a y Ju a n too k th e fig h ti n g cock to th e cockp i t There th e .

roo s ter w a s vi cto r iou s a n d w on m u ch m o n ey fo r Ju a n

, .

O n e d a y Ju a n h ea r d th a t a to u r n a m en t w ould b e h eld i n
 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk L or e Soci
ety -
.

J U AN AND 11 AR 1 A.

Du rin g th e h l th Fifth th lived i Sp i poo

rei
g n o f Ki
ng C a r es e er e n a n a r

co p l u F e, do d J
er n a n Th y h a d a an J a t y uana. ld d a e so n u n, en ea r s O , an

d g h te Ma i
au a b t i
r g h t rm t h ,i g u F e e d w v yonc l t hi
s n a e. rn a n o as er ru e o s

wi f d ch i
e an ld He w l ve y lfish D i g m l tim e h t
re n . a s a so r se . ur n ea -
s e a e

a lo e win th o t i vi
, ti g th u t f h i fa m i
n ly t ea t with him
n e r es o s o .

tw o ch i ld en
“
O e da y F
n a do sa i d to h i
er n s wi f n Y u m t d o e, o us se n ur r

a wa y I f m y co m m a d i
. s ot ex c ted you li fe h a ll a w
n n f y u di s
e u , r s ns er or o r

ob ed i ce en The b ok e h ea ted m oth e

.
”
m m o ed h
r n- ch i ld r d with r su n er ren , a n

tea i h
rs n y told th em of th cru l d f thei f th
er e es Th e ch i ld n
e e or er o r a er . re

h d to ob ey th i f th
a fo th y fea ed hi
e r a m a d er , t o ff fr th m oe r , n so se or e un

ta i s n Fo m
. y d y th y wa dered a o d livi g
r an a s wi
e ld f it a d n r un , n on ru s, n

sleepi g u de t n n r rees .

O e da y J
n w as g rea tly u p ied to h ea Ma i
uan a as k f m e wa t
s r to
r s r r or so er

dri k fo h e h d
n , r s ve p o k baef o e neT h y w e f
r s f m yen t ea m a dr . e re ar ro an s r , n

J ua n di d t k ow w h a t to do to sa ti
no n s fy h i ite At l t h e clim b ed a s s s r. as

t ee to
r w h eth e th re w as
see y w a te r ea b y ea d h e w i an va lley o t r n r , n sa n a n

fa r O ff a b ea u ti fu l h u o ded wi th fl ow e
o J
se su r r q ick ly ca m dow
un rs . uan u e n

the tree a d th two ch i , n ld set o t f th he Wh th y ched

ren u or e o u se . en e rea

it th ey k ock ed a t th e d
, n b t o o a w e ed Afte k cki g a g a i
oo r , u n ne ns r . r no n n

i va i th e b o y d ci
n n, d dt e t H p u h d pe th e d
e e o df
n er . d hi m e s e o n oo r , a n ou n

self i a g ol d ea s a l l io n ly f n i h edonw ith , g l d

ux ur d il v us c h is ur s o an s er a r .

O th n i l ve w ll h g a im g O f th I m m c l t Co c p ti Th
e s r a un n a e e a u a e n e on . e

two ch i l dre k el t d w i f o t f the im g

n n o d p yed
n n Thr nth y o a e an ra . en e

we t to th e di i g oo m w h e
n n nth y f u d -
r g l d ta
, b l e w ith re
e q u ii t e o n a o en x s e

dih s f ll ki d
es O a n s.

Sev l yea pa sed b y U de the c

er a rs s f th Vigi Ma i . a g n w t be r a re o e r n, r re o

a b ea ti f l y u g w m
u O
ou n d y as Ma i a w
o p
an. y i g t h V
ne i g i a , r as ra n , e r n

s pok t he tho u g h th e i
er m a ge ro She id th t th g ll t p i . f Bo sa a e a an r n ce o r

g i
oia w l d c m
ou t th e m uo ta i t
eo h o t d a d th to h n w l d l ns
ose un eer , n a e ou

h i w y i th woo d
s a n H w ld co m t th i h
e s. t ek f ou m w te e o e r ou se o as o r so e a r,

an d w ld f ll i l ve wi
ou th Ma i
a n Eve yth i g t
o ed t h d b eer a. r n u rn ou as a n

p d
re i
c ted T h g.al l t p i c e w
e o tt cte d
an b y th b r n
e ty a d g ac as s a ra e au n r e

Of M i th t h e c l d
ar a, a t h lp yi g to h ou I l v yo no With th e
e sa n er , o e u.

con sen t of her g u a r dia n th e Vi n , Ma r i

rg i a a ccep ted th e P r i n ce of B or g ona ,

a n d th e d a y for t ei r wed di n g w a s set h

The kin g , h i s so n , a n d a ll th e .

n o b ii l y
t of B or g ona , set ou t for the m ou n tain s to g et Ma ri a , a n d o n t ei r h
a r ri l
va w er e su r p r i
sed a t th e m a g n i cen ce O f h er o u se The b i s o p w ho fi h . h
w as wi h
t the co m pa n m a rr i
ed th e co u p e, a n d a ll the r eti yn u e w en t b a ck to l
th e ca p i ta l .

Wh
en J u a n n ow fo u n d im se f eft a ll a o n e in the h
o u se, h e k n e t b efor e l l l h l
th e i m a ge a n d co m p a i n ed to the Vi n of h i
rg i s situ a tion l Th e Vi rg in sa id to .

hi m,
“
Don t wor r ! TO - m orr ow m ou n t the or se w i
'
y c is i n th e s ta b e, h h h l
l h y
c o t e o u rse f i n i l
ro n , a n d g o to th e ki n g dom of Mo sco b i a to e p th e k i ng hl
dri ve the Moo r s a w a
”
y
J u a n did so , a n d u pon his a rr iva in Mosco b ia
. l
h
he fou n d t ou sa n ds of Moor s t rea ten i n g th e ki ng it hi s s wo r d h e h . W h
ki l h l
l ed a f th e en em : th e r es t w er e ro u ted y
B eca u se of hi s g r ea t servi ces , .

th e ki n g m a r ri
ed h is da u g ter to J u a n , a n d the n ew co u p e w er e p rocl a i h m ed l
kin g a n d q u een .

So m e ti m e a fter w a r ds , J u a n w ro te to h i s si s ter , s u g ges ti ng t a t t e h h y

 Fi n o P opula r Tales
lipi . 2 99

vi
sit t ei h
r p a r en ts . The two l
co u p es , a cco m pa nied b y m a n y of th e n ob les

h
O f t ei
r kin g dom s , set ou t for Spa in T . h ei l
r cru e fa t er w as
a s to u n ded to h
see h i hl
s c id r en r a i sed to s u ch a oft p ositio n , a n dl y
h e b eg ged t ei r p a r do n h
for hi s for m er a rs h h
tr ea tm en t of t em h
T e forg a ve him , a n d t en re
. hy h
tu r n ed to t ei h
r r es pecti ve k in g do m s , w ere t e ived pea cefu h h yl
for m a n lly y
yea rs .

The co n n ecti
on b etw een ou r fol t l
k - a e
a n d th e r om a n ce i
s n ot very

l
c ea r . In ha ve the a b a n don ed children the d iscover y of th e
both we ,

hou se in the woods wher e the child ren a re rea red to m a n hood a n d
wom a n hood a n d th e m a rri , a ge of Ma ri a wi th a p ri n ce w h o lose s hi s

wa y i n th e fo r es t I n both J u a n b ecom es a ki
. ng a nd i n both th e two ,

ch ildren seek a g a in their cru el p a ren ts a n d forg ive them O n the .

o ther h a n d th ere i s m u ch i
, n th e fo l k ta l e tha t is l a ck i
ng i n th e r om a n ce ;
-

e g
. the i
.
, n ciden t o f the egg th a t h a tches i n to a fig h ti n g cock a n d the ,

in ciden t of th e b l a ck deer wi th th e m i ra cu lo u s h ide I n the fo .

ta le J u a n b ecom es ki n g b eca u se o f h i s s ki ll in a tou rn a m en t ; in the

rom a n ce b eca u se w i , th th e hel p of th e Vi
, rg in h e defea ts a la rge ,

Moorish ar m y I n th e on e the shel ter in th e woods is b u t a tha tch

. ,

r oofed h u t i ted by a ki
n ha b i n d ly O ld wom a n ; i n th e o ther t i
i s a ,

m a gn i ficen t h ou se occu p i ed b y n o o n e ex cep t th e i m a g e of th e Vi rg in .

The co rr es pon den ces a s we ll as th e d i

b etween th e tw o ver
fl eren ces
si on s , n either o f w h i ch a p pea rs to b e n ew , s u gg es t tha t the sou rce

o f th e fol k ta l e a n d th e ro m a n ce i
-
s on e a n d th e sa m e , b u t tha t th e

fol ta le wen t its own wa y, the wa y of the peo p le , a n d th u s a cqu ired

k -

its m ore n a ti ve a p pea ra n ce Tha t th e com m on sou rce wa s som e

.

Euro pea n stor y , ca n ha rd ly b e dou bted , I thin k .

Th e open i n g of ou r s tory i s n ot u n l ik e tha t of the Germ a n H in sel

u n d G r etel l l
”
( G r i
m m , N O B o te a.n d P o i
v k a ( 1 : 1 2 3) n ot e th a t
fferen t Ma rchen ha ve thi
“
va r iou s di s beg i nni ng of ch ildren wh om th ei r

fa th er , either beca use of b itter n ecessity or beca use he is forced by their

”
s t p m other , ta k es to th e w oods a n d ther e a ba n don s
e -
O n e of the .

desp rea d cycles i

“ ”
m os t w i n w hi ch i Hop 0 m y Thu m b,
’
t occu r s i s

a versi o n of w hi ch i s told a m on g the Ta g a logs I will give this Ta ga log .

versi on here i n th e n o tes , b y wa y o f com p rom i se, a s i t wer e : for w hi le

th e s tor y i s a bon a fide Ta g a log ta le, i n th a t i t i s told i n th e d i a lect,

it m u s t ha ve b een recei ved d i r ectly fr om E u rope ; a n d i t a p pes rs to

ha ve reta in ed th e form in wh ich it w as received , with b u t few m odifica

ti on s No o ther O r i
. en ta l for m w ha tsoever o f thi s story h a s b een

r eco rd ed (s ee B o l te-P o l i vk a , 1 1 24 Th e Ta g a log story was

n ar r a ted b y P a ci ta Cor der o o f P a gsa n j a n , La g u n a , a n d r u n s th us :

I
P TO N G .

Mela n io a n d P etr on a
h a d seven so n s The fa t er was a wood m a n . h . They
were so p oor , t a t so m eti h
m es the w o e fa m i l wen t wi t o u t di h l
n n er y h . O ne
d a y Me a n i l
d to hi
o sa i s wi fe, ldren a re g rowi
P etr ona , ou r c i ng , h a nd I
300 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk -L or e Soci
ety .

don t see h ow we s a b e a b e to s u p por t t em a ll

’
h ll l
At p r esen t t e ca n n o t h . hy
l
he p u s ea r n a i vi l
n g , b eca u se t e a re too s m a l Don t yo u t in k w e s ou d
’
hy l . h h l
g et a o n g b e l
tt e r w it ou t t e m ?
” “
Y es ,
”
a n h
s wer ed P e tr o h
n a ,
“
if w e co u d l
on l g y
et r i
d o f t e m so m e w a y !
” “
e h , to -m orr ow I w i ta k e t e m to W ll ll h
th e fores t to g a t er fu e ,
”
d the u sb a n d
sa i h “
l
ie t e a r e b u s , h . Wh l hy y I
ll l h
wi ea ve t em o n th e p retex t of oo ki n g for b etter ki n ds of wood , a n d w i l l l
h yh
u rr om e hy l
T e wil n o t b e a b e to get om e, for t e wo n t k n ow the
.
’
l h hy
”
wa y .

Th e w i
fe a gr eed h i c u el pl
B u t the ou n g es t so n o ver ea r d th e
to t s r an . y h
co n ver sa ti on , a n s r d tol d h i b o th
ers a b o u t i t At a s t P i to n g ( seven t ) , fo r . l h
h
t a t w a s the n a e e m of th yo g t
u n es , a n d h e w as th e w i ses t of a ll , m a d e t i s h
s u g g es ti on : B efor e w e g o to the fores t to m orr ow , -
wi p i ck u p w i te I ll h
s to n es I
w i ca rr t em wi
. ll y h
t m e, a n d a s w e g o a on g I w i d ro p t em h l ll h
o n e b y on e I ll wa lk b e i
’
. h
n d , so t a t fa t er wi n ot n o ti h
ce w a t I a m doi h ng ll h .

h
T en , i l
f h e ea ves u s , we ca n eas i fo ow the tr a ck of s to n es b a ck om e ly ll h .

Wh l ie the si h
x b rot er s co n sen ted to the p a n , t ei r m i n ds w er e tr ou b ed , forl h l
hy
t e do u b ted the a b ii l y
t of so s m a l a b o y to sa ve t em l h .

The n ex t da y th e c idr en m a rc ed s tr a i hl g t in to th e fo re s t w ith t e ir h h h

h
fa t er a s i hy
f t e wer e g oi n g on a p i cn i c Pi to n g d r o p ped hi s s ton es o n e b y .

on e . Wh h y
en t e rea c ed th e wood s , t ei h
r fa t er co m m a n d ed t em to g et h h h
h h
tog et er w a t s ti ck s t e cou d fin d hy
He eft t em t er e, p r om i l sin g t a t he
. l h h h
l
wou d m eet t em i h n a cer tai n p a ce ; b u t rea h e u rr i ed l
o m e a n d to d h i s lly h h l
wi fe “
. We a re n ow r id of a ea v b u r den , h e sa id , a n d the two w ere ver h y y
h a pp y Wh en th e p oo r b o s h a d
. ni s ed t ei y
r wo r k , t e fi h
oo k ed i n va i n h hyl
for t ei h h
r fa t er O f co u rse t e cou d n o t fin d him ; b u t P i
. hy l to n g led the
y h y ll
co m p a n , a n d t e fo ow ed the tr a ck of s to n es The b o s rea c ed o m e . y h h
sa fe ly, a n d th e p a re n ts w er e m u te w i t a s to n i s m en t h h .

Th e n ex t m or n in g Me a n i o too k h i s s on s ou t wi l t hi m a ga i n T is tim e h h .

a ll th e b o s too k w i y te s to n es wi th t em , b esi des b r ea d , w i c t e h h i n h h hy

ten ded to ea t i hy h l
f t e s o u d g et u n g ry ; b u t the p a r t of the fo r es t to w i h ch h
hy h
t e w en t w a s so fa r , t a t a ll the s to n es w er e u sed u p b efor e t e g o t t er e hy h .

Pi to n g di d n o t ea t h i s b rea d ; h e b r ok e i tin to p i eces , a n d d r o p p ed t em o n th e h

g r o u n d a s t e w en t a hy
o n g T e n o w r ea l
c e d t h e .n o o k hy
w er e t ei r fa t e r h h h h
p pr o o se d to e a ve t e ml T is p a ce w h
a s g r o w
. n u p w ih l
t w i d s r u b s , so h l h
h h
t a t t er e w er e p en t o f tw i g s t o klee p thy e b o s b u s y M e a n io s ipp e d y . l l
a wa y fro m t em w i h
t ou t t ei r n o ti ci ng i th h fter th e seven b r o t ers h a d . A h
wor k ed a o n g ti l
m e, t e t ou g t O f r etu r n i hy h
ng om e h
B u t t e co u d n o t h . hy l
fin d th e tra ck : th e p i eces of b r ea d h a d b een ea ten b y th e a n ts T e cr i ed hy .

o u t,
“
h
F a t er , fa t er ! w er e a r e you ? h h
en t e were so u n gr a nd Wh hy h y
ti red t a t t e h hy l h
cou d n ot s o u t a n y m o r e, t e sa t d ow n o n th e g r o u n d a n d hy
b eg a n to w ee p .

I t b eg a n to gr ow d a r k Pi ton g a d vi sed hi s b ro t ers to p u ck u p cou ra g e

. h l ,

a n d sa i
“
d to t e m , Fo ow m e h "
ll
So t e w en t o n w i t o u t ta k i
. n g a n y pa r hy h
ti cu la r co u r se , a n d i n a b ou t a a f- ou r t e ca m e to a ta h l h
tr ee Pi to n g hy ll .

l
ci m b ed i t to see i f t er e wa s a r oa d n ea r b y h en h e r ea c ed th e to p , h e . Wh h
sa i d,
“
B r o t ers , h see a ig te d I
o u se fr o m er el h L e t u s g O oo hk fo r th e h . l
h o u se ! y
Ma b e we ca n g et so m et in g to ea t t ere h h .

Wh en t e hy
ca m e n ear the o u se, t e sa w t a t i t wa s we h ig te d hy
a n d h ll l h
ri c hly a do rn ed , a s i f t ere w er e a b a n q u et g oi h n g o n ; on t w a s very q u i
i et ly .

Pi ll
to n g , fo ow ed b y h i s b r o t er s , k n o ck ed a t th e d oor h wo m a n ki nd ad . A ly
302 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k L or e Soci
ety -
.

Th e ki
ng h a d ll a n t son n a m ed U ca y w ho fell in love w ith
a g a ,

a bea u ti ful young w itch th e d a u g h ter O f th e m os t b itter enem y

,

of h i s fa th er Wh en U ca y beca m e O ld enoug h to m a rr y hi
. s ,

fa th er r eques ted h im to select th e m ost b ea u tiful la dy in th e

ci ty for h i s wi fe ; b u t th e pr ince w ould neith er select on e n or ,

w o uld h e tell h i s fa th er a bou t h i s love for th e w i tch SO th e .

ri ch ki ng ord er ed h is so ld iers to br ing to th e p a l a ce a ll th e

bea u tiful w om en th a t could b e found in th e king dom Hi s .

or d er w a s soon o beyed b u t n on e O f th e g i
, r ls s ui ted th e pr i n ce .

SO th e ki ng took th e m a tter of selection in to h is own h a nds ; a n d ,

a fter ch oos i ng a ver y h a ndsom e g ir l h e for ced h is son to m a r r y ,

her . O u t o f fea r U ca y consen ted to do a s h i

, s fa th er b a de hi m .

B u t th e bea u ti ful young w itch to w ho m h e h a d a l rea dy pled g ed

hi s l ove becam e a n g r y w i th h i m for h i s timi d ity an d so sh e re ,

so l ved to ch a n g e th e ci ty i n to a fores t o f bea u tiful trees H er .

fickl e lover sh e tr a n sfor m ed in to a m o nkey w h o sh o uld live ,

in th e ta ll es t tr ee an d w h o s h ould n o t b e a bl e to r ecover h i
, s

h u m a n s h a pe ti l l five cen tu r ies h a d pa ssed w h en a ch a r m in g ,

g ir l w o uld l ive w ith hi m a n d l ov e hi m m ore th a n a ny th i

n g el se .

Moreover she ch a n g ed th e king s s ubj ects in to oth er a n im a ls

,
’

a s s h e pleased NO sooner h a d th e m a r ria g e of th e pr i

. nce b een
procla im ed th en th a n th e desir e o f th e w itch w a s a cco m pl ish ed
, , ,

to th e g r ea t s u r p r i se o f th e n ei g hbo r i
n g c i
ti es .

Fo u r cen tu r i es h a d a l rea dy pa ssed Th e w onder ful di s.

a ppea r a n ce o f th e ci ty w a s a l rea dy forg otten an d peo pl e fr o m ,

o th er pl a ces beg a n to bu i ld h ou ses in th e ench a n ted city Th e .

m onkey p r i -
n ce w as a lw a ys w a tch ing for a n o p po r tunity to
ca tch a bea u ti ful g ir l w h o Should brea k th e s pell th a t kep t him
in hi s mi ser a ble co nd i ti on Soon a chur ch w a s bu i
. l t nea r th e
foot o f th e tr ee in w h ich h e l ived He h a d a l rea dy s u ccee d ed .

in ca p tu r i ng tw o l a d ies b u t th ey h a d d ied o f fea r A fter

, .

in ca lcul a ble s u ffer in g a n d ex tra ord in a r y p a tien ce th e tim e fo r ,

hi s reco ver y ca m e a t l a s t .

O n e Sund a y m or n i n g before th e m a ss w a s over a ver y bea u ti ,

fu l g i rl
, th e d a u g h ter o f a poor m a n ca m e o u t o f th e ch u r ch ,

an d sa t a t th e foo t o f th e tr ee She h a d been d i . sa ppoi n ted in

h er lo ve w i th a r i ch m a n s so n w h o h a d fo rs a ken h er i
’

, n o r d er

to m a n y th e d a u g h ter o f a r i ch m an SO s h e w i s h ed to d i . e .

Wh en th e m o nkey prin ce sa w h er s itting th ere a lo n e h e n o is e

-
,

less ly w en t dow n ea refu lly too k h er by th e r i

, g h t h a nd an d ,

ed h er to th e top o f th e tree
ca r r i Sh e w o uld h a ve di . ed o f
 3 3
0

fr ig h t a s w as th e fa te o f th e tw o for m er w om en h a d sh e n ot
, ,

n th e m onkey s eyes a n obl e loo k th a t filled h er w i

’
seen i th wond er
an d s ym pa thy As d a ys w en t by sh e l i
. ved o n d el i ciou s fr u its ,

w hi ch w er e en ti r ely s tr a n g e to h er ; a n d h er l ove for th e poor

cr ea tu r e g r ew g r ea ter an d g r ea ter un ti l a t l a s t sh e loved him ,

m or e th a n a n yth i n g el se .

O n th e even i ng of the ten th da y s h e w a s su r pr ised to find

h er self bes id e a g a ll a n t prince in a r ichly d ecor a ted room At -
.

first s h e th oug h t th a t s h e w a s d r ea m ing ; b u t w hen th e prin ce

w o ke up ki ssed h er a n d th en told h er th e h i
, , stor y o f h is li fe ,

sh e kn ew th a t i t w a s r ea l Sh e w as so a ston i s h ed th a t Sh e ex
.
,
“ ”
cl a im ed Ah m e ! God i
, ,s wi se ! Th e n ex t m or n i ng s h e
w a s cr ow ned qu een of h er hu sba nd s h a ppy s ubj ects w h om s he
’

h a d res tor ed fr om th e en ch a n tm en t of th e w i cked w i tch Ever y .

on e i n th e ki ng do m loved his n ew queen as lo ng a s h e l ived .

NO TES .

I k n ow of n o p a ra llels to this in terestin g stor y , w hi

ch a p pea r s to be
ve tr a d i
old n a ti tion . The hero tra n s for m ed b y en cha n tm en t i
n to a

b ea st, a n d sa ved b y th e d evo ti

on of th e hu m a n lover , s u gg es ts th e
“
B ea u ty a nd B ea s t
”
c ce yl ( Ma ccu ll och , ch . 1x ; C ra n e, 7 , 32 4 [ n otes
5 and R a l s to n , T b
i eta n Ta l es , p x x x v11 . on ly i ti s to b e n oted

th a t th ose s tor i es a re , a fter a ll , heroi n e ta l es , n o t hero ta les , for th e

i n th em i
s t i
n te r e s cen tr ed o n th e di sen ch a n trn en t brou g h t a bou t b y
th e m den
ai wh o com es to l ove the p rin ce in his bea s t for m Th e .

cu rse b y a di sa p poi n ted , witch a n d th e p ro phecy th a t on ly a fter five

hu n d red yea rs w ill th e cu r se b e rem oved , su gg est in a wa y the Sleep “

cycle ( G ri m m , No 50 ; a n d B ol te P ol i
”
vk a s ex ha u s ti
’
in g B ea u ty - . ve

n otes ) ; on ly her e, too , th e re s em b la n ce i s b u t va g u e There i s no .

m a gic s lee p i n ou r s tor y , b u t a C i

r ce l i
- k e tr a n sfor m a ti
on o f th e p ri n ce

a n d a ll hi
s j
s u b ects i
n to l
m a s , the ci
a ni ty tself
bein g cha n ged in to
i
a fores t of trees . We ha ve a lrea d y m et w ith stor ies in th e P hil ippin es
b a s ed on dea o f a n i
the i ma l m a r ria ges
-
b u t, Nos . 1 8, 1 9,

even wer e i t dem on s tr a b le th a t a ll those ta les wer e i m por ted , i t wou ld

n ot n ecessa r i ly follow tha t th e sa va ge ides behin d them , too , was
im por ted Thei r a dop ti
. on b y th e n a ti ves m i g h t i
n dic a te , on th e

con tr a r y th a t th e b a s i
, cidea wa s a lrea d y well k n own .

I m ight ca ll a tten tion to the fa ct tha t the n u m b er 500 a n d the

m on k ey p rin ce su gg es t va g u el y B u ddh i
-
s tic lore .
 0
3 4 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k L or e Soci
ety -
.

PR I NCE S DR EAM42 . TH E
'
.
l

O nce th er e l i ved a yo un g pr i nce w ho a fter h is fa th er S dea th ’

, ,

s ucceed ed to th e th r on e a s th e so l e h ei r o f a va s t r i ch ki ng do m , .

He i ndulg ed h im self in a ll wor ldly pl ea s ures He g a ve d an ces .

,

a n d a ll sor ts of m err y m a ki n g s u rround ed h is cou rt to a ttr a ct

-

th e m ost bea u ti ful l a d ies O f th e king d om Mea n w h il e th e ro ya l .

tr ea su r y w a s bei ng d r a in ed a n d h is s ubj ects w er e becom in g ,

d isloya l to h im ; for h is tim e being chiefly a bso r bed in perso n a l

,

ca r es h e O ften n eg l ected h i
, s du ti es a s ki n g D isa ppoin ted b y .

hi s co ndu ct h i s co un sell o r s plo tted a g a i

, n s t h im : th ey r eso lved to
d ism iss h im from th e r ea l m Th e pr i n ce s m oth er th e w idow ed ’
.
,

qu een l ea r n ed of th eir plo t SO w h en h e r etur ned to th e pa l a ce

, .
,

fr om h is even ing w a lk on e da y Sh e sa id to h im My son I w is h , , ,

y ou w o uld tu r n f r o m y o u r foo l i
s h trifl in g a n d g ov e r n y o u r p eo pl e ,

a s you ou g h t to do ; for you r a dvi ser s a r e pl a n n ing to deth ro n e

”
y o u . T h e p r in ce w h o w a s n o t b a d, a t h ea r t fo ll o w ed h is ,

m oth er s Sen si bl e a dvice : h e n ow beg a n to d evote h im self to

’

th e w elfa r e of h i s s ubj ects Hi s m i n isters too g a ve up th eir

.
, ,

pl a n a n d a id ed th e yo ung kin g in h is roya l ta s ks

, .

O n e noon w h en th e pr i n ce w as ta king h is siesta h e h a d a

, ,

d rea m A g host a ppea r ed to h i

. m a n d s po ke i n th i s m an n er ,

You r fa th er l eft a h i dd en tr ea s u r e O f g old a n d d ia m onds w h ich ,

h e forg ot to m en ti on i n hi s wi ll Sh o uld you ca r e to h a ve th a t .

tr ea s u r e g o to th e ci , ty of B l a ck Th er e you w ill find a Neg r o .

,
”
th e r ich es t i n th a t ci ty w h o w i ll tell you a ll a bou t th e tr eas u r e
, .

O n h ea r i ng these w ord s th e p r ince w oke up a n d hu r r iedl y , ,

a cqu a i n ted h is m oth er w ith h is d r ea m Un d eceive yo urself .

,

s h e sa i d “
Never bel ieve in d rea m s I d on t bel ieve in th em
. .
’

m yself In s p ite of h is m oth er s w or d s h e decid ed to l oo k

.
’
,

for th e Neg r o .

Th e n ex t da y, d isg uis ing h im self a s a poor tr a veller th e pr ince ,

s et o u t for th e ci ty o f B l a ck He a r r ived th er e a t ten O cl ock

’
.

a t ni g h t a n d th e g a te
, o f th e city w a s cl os ed ; for th er e w a s a la w
ther e th a t a fter th e bell h a d r un g ten n o per so n co uld e n te r
, , ,

th e ci ty SO h e h a d to s leep o uts i
. d e th e w a lls Th en th e ver y .

sa m e g h os t th a t h a d s poken to h i m in hi s p a l a ce a ppea r ed to h i m ,
“
a n d sa i d GO ba ck to yo u r p a l a ce p r i
, n ce a n d th er e in th e , ,
”
cell a r you w i ll find th e tr ea s u r e I s poke o f Th e m o m en t h e .

N a rra te d by G reg ori

o F ron d oso . a Bi
col of Tiga on . Ca m a rin es . Th e n a r ra to r sa ys ,

s s tor y w as tol
Thi dt o m e b y m y g uar i
a n wh i d n N u eva Ca ceres .
le I was i He tol d it
l di l d th y ”
n th e B i
to m e i co a ect, a n d sa i a t th i
s m ust be a Bi
col stor .
306 Mem oirs of ca n Fol k L ore Soci
the A m eri ety -
.

the cell a r . Th er e the p r i nued h is sea r ch for th e hidden

n ce con ti

l e h is m oth er co n tem
tr eas u re, w h i pl a ted i n a we the colu m n s o f

d ia m ond s s h e sa w i n th ose und erg ro und a pa r tm en ts Now th e .

pr in ce ca m e to a th ird ch a m ber in w h ich he found tw o m o r e

,

colu m n s of d i a m o nd s l ik e th ose i n th e fir s t r oom ; a n d fin a l ly

h e ca m e to a fo u r th a pa r tm en t i n w hi ch h e sa w a w i
, de cur ta in
o f Si lk h a n g in g on th e w a ll B a ck of th is w a ll w as a n oth er
.

a p a r tm en t b u t i , t w as secur ely l ock ed O n th e cur ta i n w ere

.

“
em br oi d ered th e following w or d s in b i g g o ld en l ett e r s : In s i
d e

th i s ch a m ber i s a n o th er co lu m n of d i a m ond s tw i ce as l a r g e a n d

twi ce as h i g h a s th ose in th e o th e r tw o ; n o n e c a n unl o ck t h is

a pa r tm en t b u t the w ea l th i es t N eg ro i n th e ci ty of B l a ck .

Anx i o u s to h a ve th i s l as t co lu m n of d i a m ond s th e pr i n ce ,

d eter m in ed to find th e Negr o D isg u ising h im self a g a in a s a

.

poor tr a vell er h e set ou t for the city of B l a ck Th ere he fo u n d

, .

th e N eg r o w h o r ecei
, ved hi m ver y ki ndly In th e co urse O f th ei . r

ta l k th e pr i n ce s po ke of h is d r ea m a n d told h ow h e found the

,

g o ld co in s a n d th e d ia m o nd c o lu m n s a n d fin a lly g a v
, e t h e

rea son for h i s com i ng th ere as a p oor tr a veller F ur th er m o re .

,

the p r i nce m en tioned h is fa th er s n a m e O n h ea r ing the ’

.

pr in ce s s tor y th e N eg r o knel t d ow n befor e h im sa yin g

’
, My , ,

pr in ce I w a s the m os t bel oved ser va n t of you r fa th er

, I ao .

know l ed g e yo u a s m y m a s ter a n d a m d is posed a n d r ea dy to do

,

a nyth i n g for yo ur sa ke As to th e ch a m ber yo u s poke o f I

.
,

h a ve n o t th e pow er to unl ock i t Th er e i s b u t on e m a n w h o

.

ca n unl ock i t w h o kn ow s ver y w ell yo ur d ea d fa th er a n d w h o

, ,

w a s hi s fr iend He kn ow s m e too ver y w ell

.
, Th is m a n i
, s .

th e k i ng o f the d em on s An d to h im w e w ill g o tog eth er ; b u t

.

”
befor e w e g o w e s h o uld ea t ou r d inner
, Then th e Neg r o .

or d er ed a ll ki nd s o f del iciou s d ishes a n d th e two fea s ted to ,

g e th er .

After th ey h a d d i ned , th ey set o u t on th eir j our ney to th e

p a l a ce o f th e king o f th e d em on s Soon th ey ca m e to a r iv er
. .

Th ere th e N eg r o in s tr u cted th e pr i n ce n o t to sa y an yth in g

if h e s h o uld s ee a n y ex tr a or d i
n a r y s ig h ts l es t som e ter r ible ,

d a n g er befa ll th em The N eg r o w a ved h i

. s h a nd an d i n a ,

m om en t th er e ca m e a s ph i nx pa ddl ing a s m a ll ba n ca to w a r d s
th em . Th ey g o t in to it a n d th e s ph i
, nx row ed ba ck to th e
oth er s i d e Th en th ey w a lked on till th ey ca m e to th e p a l a ce
.

O f th e ki ng O f th e d em on s w h ich w a s pr o tected by tw o cir cu la r

,

wa lls . Th ey kn ocked a t th e g a te O f th e firs t The m o m en t .

they k nocked , i
t becam e da r k a ll a r o und them ; l i g h tn in gs
flas h ed before th eir eyes a n d it th under ed Th en th e g a te , .

O pen ed . After pa ssi ng th ro ug h the firs t g a te th ey ca m e to th e ,

second . They kn ocked a n d th e g a te flung O pen , At on ce .

two l i on s r a n o u t tow a r d s th em w i th eyes g l ow i ng l ike ba ll s of

fire a n d w er e r ea dy to s p r i
, ng upon th em a n d d evou r th em ;
b u t on com i ng nea rer the s tr a ng ers a n d re cog n i zing th e Neg r o , ,

th es e two ki ng s of beas ts w a gg ed th eir ta ils as a s ig n of welcom e .

The Neg r o a n d the pr i n ce w ere condu cted to the king s ’

th r one . Th e kin g of th e dem on s as ked th em w h a t th ey w a n ted .

“
The pr i n ce s poke : King of th e dem on s I h a ve found in th e ,

cell ar o f m y pa l a ce a s to re O f g old coi n s a n d sever a l d ia m ond

colu m n s m y f a th er s h i dden tr eas u r e w h ich h e for g ot to m en
’
,

ti on i n hi s wi ll Th e las t colu m n is locked up in a sepa ra te

.

a pa r tm en t a n d th er e i, s n on e w h o h a s th e pow er to unl ock i t bu t

”
you rself .

Young ki ng repl ied th e king of th e d em ons it is tr ue th a t

, ,

I a m th e only on e w h o ca n unl ock it I g a ve th a t d ia m ond .

colu m n to you r fa th er as a g i ft w h ich h e m ig h t bequ ea th to h is

so n ; a n d i f you a re h i s so n yo u s h a ll h a ve i t B u t before g i
, ving .
,

it to you I s h ould l i , ke to h a ve you do m e a fa vor in retu r n for

th a t r ich g i ft If you w ill br ing m e a ver y bea u tiful w om a n to b e
.

m y co m p a n i on on e w h ose h ea r t i
, s un ta i n ted by a n y w or ldly
p ass ion I w ill unlock for you you r w is h ed for tr eas ure th e
,
-
,

dia m ond r oo m .

At th i s r equ es t th e youn g m a n stood s peechl ess for so m e ti me .

“
At l a s t per pl ex ed h e repl i
, ed 0 ki ,ng of th e dem on s ! it seem s
,

to m e i m p os si ble to fulfil you r w is h I a m n ot a m a n of s uper .

”
hu m a n pow er to r ea d in to a w om a n s hea r t ’
.

“ ”
Well r etu r n ed th e king of th e dem ons ta king ou t of his
, ,
“
pocket a s m a ll ova l m irror if you see a bea u ti , ful wom a n ,

h old th is m irror before h er fa ce I f th e su r fa ce of th e m irr or .

becom es clouded l ea ve h er ; b u t if th e s u r fa ce of th e m irror

,

r em ai n s a s cl ea r a s befor e brin g h er to m e for sh e is the on e I

, ,
”
w a n t for m y co m for t .

Th e p r in ce too k th e m i rr o r a n d w i th hi s N eg ro co m p a n i
, on

left th e p a l a ce to loo k for the desir ed g ir l for th e king O f th e

d em on s Th ey visited cities a n d vill a g es In th r ee d a ys th ey
. .

h a d sea r ch ed th r ou g h th r ee ci ties a n d th ree vi lla g es b u t ever y ,

g ir l th a t l oo ked o n th e m a g i
c m ir ro r cl o ud e d its s u r f a ce T h en .
,

d iscou r a ged by thei r fa i lure th e tr a vellers decided to g o ba ck

,
 Mem oirs of ca n Folk L ore Soci
the A m eri ety - .

to th e pa l a ce of the king of the dem on s O n th eir re tu rn th ey .

fel t ver y ti r ed a n d so s to pped i

, n a s m a ll vi ll a g e to res t Th er e .

th ey fo und a m os t bea u ti ful g i r l th e d a u g h ter o f a poor fa r m er

, .

I t w as the ver y g i r l d es i r ed by th e ki n g of th e d em on s ; for a fter ,

s h e h a d loo ked on the m a g i c m i r ror its s ur fa ce r em a i , ned a s

cl ea r as before Th en w i
. th j oyful h ea r ts th e Neg r o a n d th e
pr ince set ou t with the l a dy for th e a bode O f th e king of th e
dem ons .

O n th ei r w a y th e pri , nce fa scin a ted by h er bea u ty fell in

, ,

love w i th th e g i rl He d i . d n ot w a n t to g i ve h er up to th e ki ng
of th e d em o n s a n d SO p r o posed to the N eg r o th a t th ey ta ke
,

h er to hi s p a l a ce B u t th e N eg r o would n ot con sen t for th e

.
,

king of th e dem on s knew a ll a bou t th eir d oing s he sa id So , .

th e pr i nce g a ve up h is pl a n on cond ition th a t th e gir l s fa ce he ’

vei l ed.

Wh en th ey a rr i ved a t th e p a l a ce th e ki ng of th e dem on s
,
“
g l a d ly m e t th e m a n d ,s ai d t o t h e p r in ce N o w y ou h a v e, ful
filled m y w is h You m a y g o ba ck to you r p a l a ce a n d th ere
.
,

y ou w i
ll find th e d ia m o nd a p a r tm e n t unl o c k e d fo r y ou T h e .

sorr ow i ng pr ince tu r ned h i s ba ck a n d l ef t th e p a l a ce w i th h ea vy

hea r t ; for h e n o l ong er th ou g h t of the trea s u r e O f g o ld a n d
d ia m ond s b u t ha d h is w h ol e soul cen tred in th a t bea u tiful
,

m ai d en th a t h e h a d g iven up to th e k ing o f th e dem on s He .

r ea ch ed h i s o w n p a l a ce sa d a n d d ej ected Yet to d i ver t h i . s ,

mi nd from th e th ou g h t o f her h e w en t to the s ubterr a nea n ,

a p a r tm en t ; a n d th er e h e fo und th e l a s t ch a m ber unl ocked .

After so m e h esi ta ti o n h e w en t i n to th e a pa r tm en t Th ere

, .

h e found two vei led fig u res th e on e i ,n th e for m o f a k i n g w ith

hi s s cep tr e a n d cr ow n ; th e o th er a m ai den He un veiled th e
, .

on e w i th th e cr ow n a n d w a s a s tound ed to find th e ver y sa m e

,
”
kin g o f th e d em on s P ri n ce unveil th a t fig u r e sa id the
.
, ,

king O f th e d em on s to h im Th e young king d i

. d so a n d to hi s ,

g r e a t j y
o Sa w th e b ea u t iful m a id e n h e h a d l o s t hi s h e a r t to .

At on ce h i s s a dn ess d i s a ppea r ed Then th e k i . n g o f the dem ons

“
sa i d to th e p rin ce Young k i
, ng s in ce on you r w a y to m y
,

p a l a ce you fell in l ove w ith th is m a id en I d eem it fit th a t you ,

s h ould h a ve h er for yo u r co m p a n i o n ; b u t d o n o t ex p ect th e

”
d ia m ond colu m n a n y m ore Then th e ki . ng of th e d em on s
d isa ppea r ed The pr in ce a t on ce em br a ced th e m a id en a n d
.
,

condu cted h er up to hi s p a l a ce Th a t sa m e d a y thei

. r m a rr i a ge

w a s cel eb ra ted w i th pom p a n d lu x u r y .

3 1 0 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk Lore Soci
ety -
.

At l as t th e new s O f the m i r a cle w as brou g h t to th e ea rs o f the

ki ng He h i
. m self w en t to th e r i ver to see th e w ond er ful cor p se .

As soon a s he Sa w the fig u re of the d row n ed w om a n he w a s ,

tor tu r ed w i th rem or se Th en , to h i s g rea t s u r p r i

. se a n d fea r ,

th e co r pse s udd enly stood up ou t of th e w a ter , a n d sa i d to h im

“
in sorr ow ful ton es , 0 ki ng ! a s you see , m y body h a s been
floa ting o n th e w a ter The bir ds w ould h a ve bu r ied m e, b u t I
.

w a n ted you to kn ow th a t you or d ered m e to b e ki lled w ith ou t

an y i nvestig a tion O f m y fa ul t Your w ife s tole m y b oy, a n d .
,
”
as you sa w Sh e p u t a ca t by m y s i
, de Th e g h ost va n i s hed , a n d
.

th e ki ng sa w th e body floa t a w a y a g a in dow n the r iver The .

king a t once ord ered the body of h is fa vorite to b e ta ken ou t

of th e w a ter a n d bro ug h t to th e pa l a ce ; a n d h e h i m self w a s dr i ven
ba ck to th e tow n , violen t w ith r a g e a n d rem orse Th ere h e .

sei zed h i s trea ch er ou s w i fe a n d hu r l ed her ou t of th e w indow of

th e p a l a ce , a n d h e even or d ered h er body to b e h a n g ed .

H a ving g otten r id of th is evil w om a n , th e king ord ered th e

body of th e innocen t wom a n to b e bu r ied a m ong th e nobl e d ea d .

Th e cor pse w a s pl a ced i n a m gan i ficen t tom b a n d w as bor ne i n ,

a p rocess i on w i th po m po u s fun era l cerem on i es He h i m sel f .

d ressed en tirely in bl a ck as a Sig n O f h is g enu ine g rief for h er ;

y e t i
n
, s p i
t e o f h i
s so r row fo r h i
s tr u e w i
fe , h e t oo k co m fo r t in

h er so n w ho g r ew to b e a h a nd som e b oy As ti
, m e w en t on , th e .

pr in ce d evel o ped in to a br a ve you th , w h o w a s a bl e to per for m

th e du ti es o f h i s fa th er th e ki ng : so , as h is fa th er beca m e O ld ,

n o l ong er a bl e to bea r th e r es pon s i bil ities o f r eg a l pow er , th e

p r in ce s ucceeded to th e th r one, a n d r uled th e king d om w ell He .

p roved h im self to b e th e son of th e g ood w om a n by his w ise a n d

ju st r ule over h is s ubj ects .

N O TE .

I k n ow O f n o o t er h on s O f t
ver s i his stor y . The in ci
d en t Of th e
an i
ma l tu ti
s u b s ti on for ch id i
s l
fol k ta les thou g h
a com m on p a ce l i
n -
,

itis u su a lly a scr i ou s s tep m o th er ra ther tha n a n en vi

b ed to a n en vi ou s -

co w i
-
fe Fo r a bs tra cts of Fil ip in o s tor ies con ta in in g th is in cid en t
.

see JAF L 2 9 : 2 2 6 et seq . , 2 2 8 , 2 2 9 ; 1 9 : 2 65 2 7 2 —

.

“
44 . THE MAG I C R I NG 1
( AN O e oe o NGA TAN TANAN

In th e tow n O f X , ng dom of Don Fer n a ndo ,

fa r fr om th e k i
n ot

th er e l ived a n old relig iou s w om a n n a m ed C a r m en Sh e h a d .

a so n na m ed C a r los She h a d been a wid ow sin ce C a r l os w a s

.

Narra ted b y En ca rn a ci
on G o n za g a . a Vi
sa ya n from Jaro Iloilo . . The stor y . sh e

sa ys . i
s ver y p op ul a r a m ong th e Vi
sa ya n s .
 no P opu la r Ta les
l ipi
Fi .
31 1

n ie
n m on th s old poor . Sh e w as
poor even to r a gg edness .

“
O n e d a y s h e sa i d to h er son I h a ve n a m ed you Ca r los beca use ,

I l ove you For m e n o n a m e is prettier th an your s Ever y

.
, .

”
letter in it m ea n s so m eth ing Ca r l os as ked h i s m oth er to .

“
tell h i m th e m ea n i ng O f h is n a m e ; b u t s he sa id to h im I ll
’
,

tell i t to you l a ter Fi rs t g o to th e ki ng s p a l a ce a n d th ere b eg ’

.
,

so m eth i ng for u s to ea t 0 m y son ! if you only kn ew th e m iser i . es

I h a ve h a d to endu re to br ing you up you w ould n ot refu se thi s ,

r equ es t o f you r poor m o th er s h e sa id w eepin g , , .

C a r l os p i tied h i s m o th er ver y m u ch SO h e r a n tow a r d s th e ,

king s pa l a ce to b eg so m e food ; b u t w h en he r ea ch ed th e g a te
’

h e h es i ta ted to en ter He w a s as h a m ed to b eg so h e w ent a n d

.
,

s tood s i l en tly und er th e or a ng e tr ee w h ich w as n ot fa r from the -

“ ”
pr in cess s w ind ow ’
If I s h ould O bey m y m oth er s reques t
.
’

b e sa i d to h im self w h a t would the prin cess sa y? Sh e w ould

,

pr o ba bly Sa y to m e You a r e too young to b eg , Wh a t a d is .

’

”
g r a ce t h e n w o uld it b e fo r m e ! A S C a r l os w as l oo kin g a t th e

d ecl in ing s u n w ith tea rs in h is eyes th e pr incess r aised h er ,

wi ndow a n d un in ten tion a l ly s pit on h is h ea d Ca r los s eyes .

’

“
fl a s h ed He looked a t the pr in ces s s ter nly a n d sa id
. If the , ,

G od dess of th e Sea w h o h as a sta r on h er foreh ea d a n d a m oon

,
1

o n h er th r oa t does n ot d a r e to s p i, t on m e h ow ca n you you ,

”
w h o a r e b u t th e s h a d ow O f her pow er a n d bea u ty ?
At th ese h a rs h wor d s th e p r i n cess fain ted Wh en s he ca m e .

to h erself s h e cr i ed, Her tea rs w er e l i ke d r ops O f dew fa l l in g

.

fr o m th e l ea ves in th e m orn ing Her fa th er en ter ed her r oom . ,

a n d fo und h er i n h er s orr ow Why do you w eep F l oren tin a ? . ,

a s ked Don F er n a n do .

”
0 F a ther ! a n sw ered Floren ti na m y h ea r t i s br oken I , .

”
h a ve been d isg r a ced .

“
Why s hould you sa y so ? r epl ied her fa th er Who broke .

”
you r h ea r t a n d w h o d isg ra ced you ?
,

Th er e s a m a n und er th e or a ng e tr ee a n sw er ed the prin cess

’
-
, ,

w ho sa i d to m e th ese w or d s a n d Sh e r epea ted w h a t C a r los

h a d sa i d to h er .

Th e k i ng in s ta n tly order ed C a r los to b e seized a n d broug h t

into h is pr esence Ca r l os s tood fea r l ess before h im a n d a n
. ,
“
sw er ed a ll h i s qu es ti on s Do n Fer n a nd o a t l as t s a i d If within
. ,

a w eek yo u ca nn ot Sh ow m e th a t w h a t you sa i d to m y d a ug h ter

”
is tr u e you ll b e h a n g ed w i thou t m er cy
’
.
,

F or th i
s ver y O ld s ym bol of bea u ty a n d nob le n ea ge. see P l a to. Z ei
li tschri
ft fur
Vol ks ku d n e. s : 37 6 ; 6 : 2 8.
 31 2 Mem oirs of ca n Folk L or e Soci
the A m eri ety -
.

These word s frig h ten ed Ca r los . With tea r s i

n hi
s eyes a n d

th h i
wi s th ou g h ts d evoted to God w ho a l one could g ive h im ,

con so l a ti on h e w a lked d ow n th e s h or e of the Go lden R i

, ver He .

s a t d ow n to res t un d er a pa g a tp a t tr ee An ea g le w h i ch h a d -
.

a nes t a t th e ver y top O f th e tr ee sa w h i m cr yi ng a n d said to ,

”
hi m , Why do you w eep C a r l os ? ,

0 Ea g l e qu een O f the bi
“
r ds ! I d b e ver y th a nkful to ’ ‘

i h f h G f
’

y o u f y o u d o nly t e ll m e w h e r e t e h o m e O t e o dd es s o t h e

Sea i s , sa i d Ca r los .

“
Why d o you w a n t h er h ou se ? as ked the ea g le Do n t .
’

”
y o u k n ow th a t n o hu m a n b ei n g i s a bl e to see h er ?
“
I di dn t kn ow th a t ; b u t if I ca nnot see her m y l ife is lost
’
, ,

sa i d Ca r los sa dly .

Th e ea g l e pi tied C a r l os ver y m u ch : so s h e s a i d Com e , ,

”
Ca r l os com e ! a n d I ll l ea d you to th e r i h
’
, g h t p a t C a r l os .

follow ed h er un til they ca m e to th e m ou th of th e r i ver Th ere .

“
th ey s to pped Th e ea g l e s h ou ted
. 0 ki ng of th e fis h es ! com e ,

a n d h elp m e for I a m i ,n g rea t n eed o f a ss i s ta n ce Th e ki ng .

O f th e fis h es a ppea r ed a n d as ked w h a t th e ea g le n eed ed , The .

ea g l e told h i m th e s tor y of C a r los a n d as ked h i m i f h e could ,

ta ke C a r los to th e h om e of th e Go dd ess O f th e Sea As th e .

fish could n ot r efuse th e r eques t of th e qu een o f th e bi r ds h e ,

“
Sa i d to C a r l os Ca r los li e on m y ba ck a n d cl ose yo u r eyes
, ,
”
wi th in five m inu tes you ll b e in th e h om e of th e g odd ess ’
.

C a r l os o beyed th e fis h When h e O pened h is eyes h e fo und .

,

th a t h e w a s i n a ver y bea u ti ful h ou se He w a s lying on a .

g o ld e n b e d a n d b e s,id e h im w a s s ta nd in g a b ea u t iful w o m a n w i t h
a s ta r on h er for eh ea d a n d a m oon on h er th r oa t Ca r los .

could n o t bel i eve th a t th e vi sion w a s tr u e B y a n d by h e h ea r d .

“
a Sw eet vo i ce s a yi ng Wh a t h a s br ou g h t you to th is pl a ce ?
,
“
C a r l os tr em bl ed a n d a n sw er ed , I h a ve com e h er e to a s k ,

for you r h elp .

“
Wh a t h elp do yo u desir e ? a s ked th e g odd ess Ca r l os .

rel a ted h i s s tor y Th e g odd ess could n o t r efuse h elp to o n e

.

w h o h a d s poken SO w ell of h er bea u ty SO She too k h er d i a m ond ,

“
ring O fl h er fing er a n d g a ve it to C a r l os Sa ying Ta ke th i s , ,

ring w ith you Whenever you w a n t or need m y h elp tou ch th e

.
,
‘
ring th r ice a n d sa y 0 God h elp m e ! If th e king w a n ts m y
, , ,
’

”
presen ce tou ch the r ing Si
, x ti m es a n d I ll a ppea r befor e yo u ,
’
.

Ca r los r ecei ved th e r i ng a n d hu m bly kn eel ing befor e th e , ,

“
g o dd ess s ai,d I c a n find
, n o w o r d s in w h ic h to ex p r ess t o y o u
”
m y g r a ti tu de I th an k you w ith a ll m y h ea r t
. .
 GO LDEN ‘
45
.
( )
a MAR IA AND THE SL 1P P ER .

O nce th er e l i ved a coupl e w h o h a d a n only d a ug h ter , Ma r i a .

Wh en Ma ria w as a l ittl e g ir l , h er m oth er d ied A few yea r s .

l a ter Ma r ia s fa th er fell in love w ith a w idow n a m ed Jua n a ,

’

w h o h a d tw o d a ug h ters Th e eld er of th es e d a ug h ters w a s Rosa ,

.

a n d th e youn g er w as D am i a na Wh en Ma ria w as g r own to b e .

a young w o m a n h er fa th er m a rr i , ed th e w om a n Ju a n a Ma r ia .

con ti v h
nued to l i e w ith er fa th er a n d step m oth er B u t Ju a n a
-
.

a n d h er tw o d a ug h ters tr ea ted Ma r i a as a s er va n t She h a d .

to do a l l th e w or k i n th e h ou se , coo k th e food , w a s h the

clo th es cl ea n th e fl oors
, Th e o nly cl oth es She h erself h a d to
.

w ea r w er e r a g g ed a n d d i r ty .

O n e da y P r i nce Ma leca del w a n ted to g et m a rried : so h e g a ve

a b a ll to w h i, ch h e i nvited a ll th e l a d ies in h is king d om He s a i d .

th a t th e m os t bea u ti ful o f a ll w as to b e h is w ife Wh en D a m i .

a n a a n d R osa kn ew th a t a ll th e l a d i es w er e i nvited , th ey beg a n

to d i scu ss w h a t cl o th es th ey w ould w ea r to th e b a ll ; b u t p oor

Ma ria w as in th e river , w a s h ing th e cl o th es Ma r ia w as ver y .

sa d a n d w as w eep i ng , for Sh e h a d n o cloth es a t a ll in w h ich s h e

could a ppea r a t th e pr i nce s fete Wh il e she w as w as h ing , a’
.

cra b a ppr oa ch ed h er a n d s a i d Why a r e you cr ying , Ma r ia ?

“
, ,
”
Tell m e th e r ea son , for I a m your m oth er .

Th en Ma r ia sa id to the cr a b “
I a m tr ea ted by m y a u n t ,

( s ic ! ) a n d s i
s ter s as a ser va n t ; a n d th er e w ill b e a ba l l to n i h
g t,
-

”
b u t I h a ve n o clo th es to w ea r Wh il e s h e w a s ta lking to th e .

cr a b Ju a n a ca m e up
,
Th e step m oth er w a s ver y a n gr y w i
. th-

Ma r ia a n d or der ed h er to ca tch the cr a b a n d coo k it for th eir

,

d inn er Ma r ia sei . zed th e cr a b a n d ca rr i ed i t to th e h ou se At .

firs t she d id n ot w a n t to coo k it, for Sh e kn ew th a t it w a s h er

m o th er ; b u t Ju a n a w h i pped h er SO h a r d th a t a t l a s t Sh e w as ,

for ced to O bey B efor e it w a s p u t in th e ea r then pot to b e

.

coo ked th e cr a b s a i
, d to Ma r ia , Ma r ia , d on t ea t m y fl es h ,
“ ’

b u t co llect a ll m y Sh ell a fter I a m ea ten a n d bu r y th e p i ece s ,

i n th e g a r d en n ea r th e h ou se Th ey w i ll g r ow in to a tr ee a n d
.
,

y o u c a n h a v e w h a t y o u w a n t if y ou w ill o nly a s k th e tr ee fo r

After her p a r en ts h a d ea ten th e fl es h o f th e cr a b , M a r i

”
i t
. a

co ll ected a ll i ts s h ell a n d bu r i ed i t i n th e g a r d en At twil i g h t .

She sa w a tr ee s ta nd i n g on th e ver y s po t w h ere s h e h a d b u r i ed

th e Sh ell .

Narra ted by Dolores h im a Ta g a log fro m P a g sa n j a n . La g u n a She sa ys th a t

“
. .

.
th i
s i
s a Ta g a log stor y . an d was to l dt
o h er w h en she was a li
ttl e g i
rl .
 Fi
lipino P opul a r Tales . 1
3 5

Wh en n i g h t c a m e R o s a a n
, d D a m ia n a w en t to t h e b a l l a n d ,

Jua n a retir ed for th e n i g h t a s soo n as h er d a u g h te r s w ere g o n e .

Wh en Ma r ia sa w th a t h er a un t w as s l eep ing s h e w en t in to the ,

g a r d e n a n d as k e d t h e t r ee fo r w h a t s h e w a n te d T h e t r ee .

ch a n g ed h er cl o th es i n to ver y bea u tiful o nes a n d fu r n is hed ,

h er w i th a fin e coa ch d r a w n by fo u r fin e h orses a n d a pa i r Of ,

g o ld e n s l ipp e r s B e fo r
. e S h e l ef t th e t r ee , s a id to h e r
.
Y o u ,
’
m ust b e i n you r h ou se befor e tw el ve o cl ock If you a r e n ot .
,

you r clo th es w ill b e ch a n g ed into ra g g ed d i r ty ones a g a i , n ,

a n d yo u r co a ch w i ll d isa ppea r .

After pr om i si ng to r em em ber th e w a r n ing of the tree Ma r ia ,

w en t to th e b a ll w h er e Sh e w as r ecei , ved by th e pr i n ce ver y

g r a c io u s ly A l
. l th e l a d ie s w e re a s to n i s h e d w h e n t h ey s a w h e r :

Sh e w a s th e m os t bea u ti ful O f a ll Th en s he sa t betw een h er

.

tw o Si s ters b u t nei
, th er Rosa n o r D a m i a n a r ecog n i zed h er .

Th e p r i n ce d a nced w ith h er a ll th e tim e Wh en Ma r i .a sa w

th a t i t w a s h a l f p a s t el even s h e ba d e fa r ew ell to th e p rin ce an d

-
,

a ll th e l a d i es p r esen t a n d w en t h o m e , Wh en s he r ea ch ed the
.

g a r d en ,t h e tr ee c h a n g e d h er b ea u tiful cl o t h e s b a c k in t o h e r

O ld o n es a n d th e coa ch d i
, sa ppea r ed Then She w en t to b ed
.

a n d to s l eep Wh en her s is ters ca m e hom e th ey told her of

.
,

ever yth i ng th a t h a d ha ppen ed a t th e ba l l .

Th e nex t n i g h t t h e p r in ce g a v e a n o th e r b a ll A f t er R osa a n d .

Da m ia n a h a d d r essed them selves in their bes t clothes a n d g one ,

Ma ria a g a in w en t to th e g a r d en to a sk for bea u tiful cl oth es .

Th is tim e s h e w a s g i ven a coa ch d r a w n by five horses a n d ,

agai n th e tr ee w a r ned her to r etu r n before tw elve Th e pr i n ce .

w a s del i g h te d t o s ee h e r a n d d a
, n c ed w i th h e r t h e w h o l e e v e n

ing . Ma r ia w as so ench a n ted th a t s h e forg ot to notice the

ti me . Wh ile s he w a s d a n cing s h e hea r d the clock striking ,

tw el ve . She r a n a s fa s t a s Sh e could d ow n s ta i r s a n d ou t th e

p a l a ce d oor b u t in h er h a s te sh e dr opped on e of h er g olden

-
,

sli ppers Th is n ig h t Sh e h a d to w a lk h om e a n d in her old

.
,

r a gg ed cl o th es too ,O n e of h er g olden Sl i
. ppers she h a d w ith
h er ; b u t th e o th er w h i ch Sh e h a d d ropped a t th e d oor
, wa s ,

fo und by on e O f th e g u a r d s w ho g a ve it to th e pr in ce The
, .

g u a r d s a id th a t t h e S l ipp e r h a d b e e n l os t by t h e b ea u t iful l a dy
w ho r a n ou t o f th e p a l a ce w hen th e clock w as s triki ng twelve .

“
Th en th e pr in ce sa i d to a l l th e people present Th e l a dy w hom ,
”
th i s sl ipper fits is to b e m y w ife .

Th e nex t m or n i ng the pr ince ord ered on e O f h is g u a rds to

 31 6 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk L or e Soci
ety -
.

ca rr y the s l ipper to ever y h ouse in th e city to see if its ow n er

could b e fo und Th e fir s t h o use vi
. sited w as th e on e i n w hi ch

Ma r ia l ived Rosa tried to p u t the s l ipper on h er foo t b u t h er

. ,

foot w as m u ch too b i g T h en D a m ia n a p u
. t it o n h er foo t b u t ,

h er foot w as too s m a ll Th e tw o si ed a n d tr i
s ter s tr i
. ed a g a i
n to
m a ke th e Sl i pper fit b u t in va in Then Ma r ia told th em th a t
, .

s h e w o uld tr y a n d see i f the s l i

, pper w ould fit h er foot ; b u t h er
si s ter s sa id to h er Yo ur feet a r e ver y d i
, r ty Th i s g o ld en .

sl ipper w ill n ot g o on you r foot for you r feet a r e l a rg er tha n ,

”
ou rs An d th ey l a ug h ed a t h er
. B u t the g u a r d w ho h a d .

bro ug h t th e sl ipper said Let her tr y I t is the pr in ce s order

, .
’

t to Ma r i Th en Ma r i
”
th a t a ll s h a ll tr y SO h e g a ve i
. a a pu t .

it on a n d i , t fi tted h er foo t ex a ctly Sh e then d r ew th e oth er .

sl ipper from under nea th h er dr ess a n d p u t it on her oth er ,

Wh en th e tw o s is ter s sa w the tw o s l ippers on Ma r ia s ’

foo t .

feet they a l m os t fain ted w ith as ton is h m en t

, .

So Ma r i a beca m e th e w i fe of th e prin ce a n d fr om th a t tim e ,

on s h e w as ver y dea r to h er s i s ters a n d a un t .

( )
b l
A EADEJA .

O n ce upon a tim e th er e l ived in th e tow n O f B a yba y a m a n

w h ose n a m e w a s Aba c Th e n a m e o f hi s wi
. fe w a s Aba d es a .

Th ey h a d a bea u tiful d a ug h ter n a m ed Ab a d ej a The m o th er .

d ied w h en her d a ug h ter w a s a bo u t th ir teen yea rs O ld ; a n d in

a yea r h er fa th er m a rr i n a w id ow w h o h a d th r ee da u g h
ed a g a i ,

ters .Th e second w i fe envied h er s tep d a ug h ter beca use -

Ab a dej a w a s m uch m or e bea u ti ful th a n her ow n ch ild r en

con sequ en tly s h e tr ea ted th e poor g i r l ver y ba dly a n d m a de ,

h er d o a ll th e h a r d w or k Wh en Ab a dej a could n ot do th e w or k
.
,

h er s tep m oth er pun i

-
s h ed h er sever ely .

O n e even i ng th e s tep m oth er sa id to Ab a dej a -

Ta k e th ese ,

two h a ndker ch i efs to th e r i ver a n d w a s h th em The W h ite .

on e m u st b e bl a ck a n d th e bl a ck o n e w h i
, te w h en you br i ng ,
”
th em b a ck to m e I f th ey a r e n ot I Sh a ll bea t yo u
. A b a dej a , .

w en t to th e r i ver w h er e s h e s a t dow n o n a r ock a n d beg a n to

,

cr y . In a l ittle w h il e Sh e h ea r d a n oise th a t m a d e h er loo k u p .

Th er e i n fr o n t o f h er s tood a bea u ti ful w om a n Th e w om a n .

“
a s ked Ab a dej a w h y s h e w a s cr yi ng Ab a dej a r epl ied I am .
,

cr yi ng beca use m y s tep m o th er h a s com m a nd ed m e to do th e

-

1 Thi i Via ya s t y f m L yte

s a s U f tu na tely I h a v
n s or ro e
rec d f th n a m e of
. n or e no or o e

M W
31 8 Mem oirs of ca n Fol k L ore Soci
the Am eri ety - .

th i
s l ittl e
d en in the for es t
g ar He p i cked off a r i ng an d p u t .

it on h i s fin g er Wh en he r ea ched h om e h is fing er beg a n to

.
,

sw el l Hi
. s fa th er ca l led i n a ll th e bes t phys i cia ns b u t they ,

co uld n o t rem ove the r i ng Th en h e ca ll ed in a ll the g i r ls .

O f th e tow n a n d sa i d th a t th e on e w ho could ta ke th e r ing fro m

,

the fin g er of hi s son S h o uld b e h i s son s w i fe All th e g ir ls of ’

.

th e tow n tr i ed ex cep t Ab a d ej a Sh e d i d n o t tr y beca use h er .

,

m o th er w ould n ot a ll ow h er to g o At l as t so m e on e told th e .

rich m a n th a t th er e w as s ti ll a g ir l w h o h a d n o t tr i ed an d ,

th a t i t w as Ab a dej a : so h e sen t for h er Now her s tep m oth er .

,
-

di d n ot d a r e r efuse to let her g o Ab a dej a r a n to h er l i ttl e .

g a r d en p u t o n, on e o f th e g old d res ses a n d w en t to t h e r i

c h ,

As soo n a s sh e tou ched th e r i

’
m a n s h o u se . ng it s l id O fl , .

The n ex t da y Ab a d ej a w as m a rri ed to th e so n O f th e r i ch

m an Th e bea u tiful w om a n a ttended th e w edd i

. ng unseen by
ever y on e ex cep t Ab a dej a The yo ung couple l i ved h a pp i ly .

NO TES .

In a n ot er va r i
( ) W
h
ant o n d er fu l Tree w h ich w a s c
col l ect
,
e d The ,

b y Mr Ru sk a n d O f whi
. ch I ha ve on ly a n a b s tr a ct
, ,

M i m th w d w d b y th c l h b d fi h m
ar a s
’
o er as wh d
ro ne e ru e us an , a s er an, o e

sied to m
r y th w m Th d g h t w
a rr a no w ill tre t d b y h
er o an . e au er as no - a e er

t p m o th
s e -
d ft w t t th
er , a n h t ta l k w ith th p iit f h
o en en o e seas or e o e s r O er

d d m th
ea Wh th m th c ld l g c ti th m ti g w ith
o er . en e o er ou no on er on n ue e ee n s

M i h t ld h t p l t i c t i p l c ll th fi
ar a, s e o er f ll th fi h th
o an n a er a n a e a e ns o a e s e

f mi
a ly h ld t s c t i d y
ou F m th ea fi thon a g w p m
er a n g i a . ro es e ns ere re u a a c

tr ee of g ld d p ci to O d y
an p i h re i g th
ou s m i s o n es . ne a a r n ce , ea r n e us c

m d a b y th w i d i th m g i t
e e pp h d t
n h t n d f e d th a c ree , a r oa c e e ree a n ou n e

b e ti f l M i
au uL t h m id h ar a. a er e a rr e er .

For s ti ll o t er h P h ii
pp i
n l
e va r i
a n ts Of n der e a
th e C i ll s tor y , s ee

JA F L —
2 72 , w here F l etcher ves tw o or a l Ta g a log
G a rd n er g i
vers i
on s . I n th e j ou rn a l
Sa m e f) . I
ha ve g iven s n o p s es y
of tw o Ta g a l og ca l ro m a n ces
m etr i whi
ch O pen th the C i
wi n d e re ll a
setti
ng.

Th e C in derella s perh a p s th e m os t w i
i s tor y
des p r ea d Ma rchen i n

th e w o r d l
See M R Cox s b i
.
’
b i og r a p h i
ca s tu d
. Of i
.
“
t : Ci n d e re a , l l y ll
345 Va r i
a n ts o f C in d er e a , C a ts k i
n , a n d C a p 0
’
R u s he s a ll
b s tr a cted ,

a n d ta b u a ted , w i th a di l scu ss i o n O f m ed i eva a n a og u es , a n d n o tes l l .

B ol te P ol i vk a s n otes to G ri m m , NO 2 1 , ex a m i
’
Lo n d o n , - ne .

Miss Cox s m a ter ia l fro m a som ewha t n ew a n g l e, a n d a r e ver y u se f u l

’

for re fe r en c e I t Se e m s h a r d
. ly n e ce s sa r y t o a ttem p t to a dd h e r e to

h
t ose tw o ex h a u s tiv e m o n o r
g p a h s A t t e n tio n m a y b e ca ll ed to th e .

fa ct, h ow e ve r , t h a t o u r s to r y O f
“
A b a d e j a ,
”
w h ich c om es fro m L e t
y .e
 Fi
lipino P opul a r Ta les . 1
3 9

p r esen ts a n u m ber o f in terestin g

i
tem s n ot fou n d i n th e other F ilipin o
va r i a n ts : e g , ( 1 ) th e ta s k of wa s hi
. . n g a bl a ck ha n d k erch i ef wh ite, a n d
ri ce ven d; (2 ) the m a gi
-
c tr ee g rowi n g u p from th e feet o f a won derfu l

ch i ck en g i ven th e hero i n e b y th e m ys ter i ou s w om a n ; ( 3) the u n u s u a l

devi ce for p ro vi di ng a ri ch hu s ba n d for the hero i ne There a re som e .

s lig h t r es em b l a n ce s betw ee n th es e l as t tw o d eta l

i s an d corres pon di ng

n Mr Ru sk s va r i The W on der fu l Tree

“
in ci den ts i
’
. an t .

4 6 .
JUAN TH E P O O R .
l

Ma ny years ago king w ho w as a lw a ys sa d He

th ere l ived a .

u sed to g o to a m o un ta i n a n d cl i m b th e h i g h e s t tr ee th a t w a s

g r ow in g t h e r e O n e d a y
. w h e n h e w as in th e to p o f th e tr ee h e ,

sa w on a n oth er h i g h m o un ta in a b e a u t iful p r in ce ss D o i
r a ,

Ma ria When h e retur n ed h om e to h is pa la ce h e sen t a p r ocla

.
,

m a ti on a l l over h i s ki ng d om sa ying th a t th e on e wh o co uld ta k e

,

Doria Ma r ia fr om h er m oun ta in an d br ing her befor e him Sho uld

h a ve on e h a lf O f h i
-
s ki n g d om .

J ua n w a s a begg a r ; an d it w as h is cus tom w h en ever h e sa w ,

a beg g a r l i ke h im self to Sh a r e w ith th a t begg a r th e a lm s w hich

,

h a d been g i ven h i m O n e da y h e sa w a wr etch ed O ld w om a n

.
,

an d ou t o f p i ty for h er h e g a ve h er a ll th e food h e h a d beg g ed

th a t d a y . Th en th e O ld w om a n w ho kn ew of th e procl a m a ti , on
“
o f th e k i n g said to Jua n You m u st tell th e king m y b oy th a t
, , , ,

y o u w ill fe tc h D o i
r a M a r ia fo r h im Ju an d id n o t w a n t. t o ,

beca u se h e s a id th a t he d id n ot kn ow w h ere a n d how he m ig ht

g e t D o i
r a M a r i
a ; b u t th e O ld w o m an a t l as t p e r s u a d ed J u a n to

g o by te ll in g h im t h a t s h e w o uld a cc o m p a n y h im a n d p r o m is i
n g ,

h er h elp . After Ju a n h a d vi sited th e pa l a ce a n d told th e ki ng

th a t h e w o uld br i ng th e pr incess Doria Ma r ia to h im the poor ,

b oy a n d th e old w om a n Set ou t on th ei r j ou r n ey to th e d i s ta n t

m o un ta i n Wh en th ey rea ch ed th e g a tes of th e city th e O ld

.
,
“
w om a n sa i d to J ua n J ua n I a m ver y tired a n d I ca nnot g o
, , ,

a n y fa r th er b u t I wi , ll g ive you th is h a ndkerch ief Wh en .

y o u co m e to th e fi rs t m o un ta i
n y o u m u s t s p rea d t h e h
, a n d k e r

ch i ef O n th e g r o und a n d m a ny fa t h orses w i
, ll a ppr oa ch you ;
b u t I a d vi se yo u n o t to ch oos e a n y O f th em You m u s t ch oose .

th e ver y l a s t o n e w h i ch w i ll b e lea n a n d w ea k loo king Th a t

,
-
.

is th e h or se w h i ch ca n endu re h a r d s h i ps a n d w h ich w ill b e a ble ,

to ca r r y yo u to the pr i n cess s pa la ce ’
.

Ju an fo ll owed th e a d vice of th e O ld wom an w h en the tim e ,

N ar ra ted by Dolores Za fra . a Ta g a log from P a gsan ja n w h o h ea rd , s stor y from

th i
d
h er g ra n fa th er .
320 Mem oirs of the A m erica n Fol k Lore Soci
-
ety .

ca m e, a n d c ose th e t h in horse He m o un ted on its ba ck a n d

h .
,

r od e o n tow a r d s th e m o un ta i n o f Do i i a Ma r i a When h e ha d .

ri dden ver y fa r he sa w befor e him a hill full o f a n ts He w a s

, .

a fra id to try to pas s over th is h ill l es t th e a n ts s hould d evo u r ,

hi m a n d hi s a ni m al The hor se sa i d to him

. You m us t as k th e ,
”
h a ndker ch i ef for food a n d w e wi ll feed the a n ts
, Ju an s prea d .

ou t th e h an dk er ch i ef a n d a s ked i t to bri n g hi
, m m u ch food .

After he h a d s ca tter ed i t on th e g r o u nd for th e a n ts th e l ea d er ,

“
O f th e a n ts a ppr oa ch ed Ju an a n d sa i d Sin ce you h a ve b een , ,

ver y ki nd to u s I w ill g ive you on e o f m y leg s ; an d a t a n y tim e

,

y o u w a n t a i
d fr o m u s y o u m u s t bu r n t h e le g
, a n d let th e as h es ,
”
b e ca rr ied by th e w i nd . Then w e w ill com e to help you .

Wh en Juan h a d a g a in g one a long d ista nce from th e h il l h e ,

sa w th e s k y full o f b i r d s flyi ng a r ound a n d looking for food .

Ag a i n th e horse told Ju a n to a sk for food from th e h a n dk er

ch ief ; so th a t th ey m i g h t fee d t h e b ir d s a n d n o t b e ki ll e d by ,

th em a n d ea ten Ju a n d id SO a n d g a ve the bir d s a ll th ey

.
,

w a n ted to ea t Then th e ki .n g o f th e b i r d s th e ea g l e fl ew u p to , ,
“
Ju a n a n d sa id To r ep a y you for you r kindness I w ill g ive yo u
, , ,

som e fea th ers fr o m m y w i ngs An y tim e you w a n t a id fro m .

u s j us t bur n so m e O f th e fea th ers a n d let th e a s h es b e ca rr i

, ed b y ,

th e w i nd Th en w e w ill com e to you

. J ua n th a nked th e .

bir d a n d p u t the fea th ers in h is pocket w h er e h e kept th e leg

,

Of th e a n t .

Th en h e co n tinued hi
j o ur ney Wh en th ey ca m e n ea r th e
s .

pa la ce of Do ria Ma r ia th e horse told J ua n to h id e an d Sa id th a t

, ,

he a l on e w o uld en ter h er g a r den ; b u t befor e he sh o uld h i de ,

J ua n s h ould a s k h is h a ndker ch ief for a com p lete equ ip m en t O f

sa ddl e a n d b r idle so th a t the h orse could b e m oun ted by a l a d y
, .

J u a n did so h i d hi m self an d th e ho rse w a nd ered i

, n to th e g a r d en
,

o f D o ri a Ma r i a Wh en th e pr incess s a w th e h orse She b eca m e

.
,

ver y a ng r y a n d s a i d Who is th e o n e w ho is so bo ld a s to let

,
“
,
”
hi s h orse en ter m y g a r d en ? Sh e looked a ll a bo u t b u t co u ld ,

“
see n o o n e : SO s h e Sai d to h erself I w ill m oun t th is hor se a n d ,
”
find ou t w h o its own er is Sh e m o un ted th e h orse w h i
. ch ,

im m ed i a tely r a n to th e p l a ce W her e Ju a n w a s h i d ing a n d to l d ,

hi m to g et up on i ts ba ck Th en th e h or se ca rr i
ed th em s w i
. ftl y
ba ck to th e s m al l h ouse of Ju a n Wh en he rea ch ed h o m e .
,

Ju a n sen t w or d to th e king th a t th e pr incess Do ria Ma r ia w a s

in hi s h om e Th e ki ng a ccom pa n ied by a ll h is retinue w en t in
.
, ,
’

g r e a t s ta te to J u an s h o u se m a d e over to h i
m on e h al f o f hi
, s
-

dom i nion an d took Doh a M a ri

,
a h a ck to his p a l a ce .
322 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n Fol k Lore Soci
ety -
.

b etween fol k ta les a n d li tera ry ta les , es peci

-
a lly w hen th e l a tter a r e

wi dely told a n d rea d Sin ce ou r O bj ect i n th i s coll ecti

. on i s to p resen t

to O cci den ta l rea ders a com p rehen s i ve a ccou n t of w ha t i s i n P hi lipp in e

p p
o u l a r l i
te r a tu r e , i
t h a s see m ed u n w i
s e to ex c l u de th is s to r y .

Th e fu ll title of th e rom a n ce i s Th e Story a n d Li fe of Kin g As u ero ,

Doiia Ma ri a , a n d J ua n th e P oor , i n th e C i ty of J eru sa l em My .

cop y i s da ted 1 905 ; R eta n a ( NO 4 1 92 ) m en ti on s a n ed i ti on betw ee n .

the yea rs 1 860 a n d 1 898 I n ou tl in e th e fol ta l e differs l ittle from

k -
.

the rom a n ce , hen ce i t i s un n ecessa ry to g i ve a deta i led su m m a ry of

the pr i n ted vers i on Th e m ore i m p or ta n t va r i a ti
. on s m i g h t b e n o ted ,

however The rom a n ce opens th us :

.

O n ce t h ere lived a n old As u ero h

He wa s the kin g of
m a n w ose n a m e w a s .

l h
J er u sa em O n e n ig t h e d rea m ed t a t h e s o u d b e det ron ed a n d t a t a
. h h l h , h
p oo r o u n y
g co u n tr m a n w o u d ta k e h i
s yp a ce H e a w o k e a n d l
b e c a m e sa d l .

a n d t o u g tfuh h l l
U n a b e to g o to sleep a g a in h e cl im b ed a tow er of h i
. s ,

p a a l
ce a n d, b eg a n to oo k a r o u n d w it a s p y g l
a ss e n h e d ir ec ted h is h -
l . Wh
g a z e to w a r d a m o u n ta in r eg io n b e o n d th e Nie h e -
s a w a n e y
n c a n tress l h
w ho wa s ooki l
n g o u t O f h er w i n dow She wa s Dorra Ma r i a He w a s .
'

h
c a r m ed b y h er b ea u t , a n d b eca m e res t ess y
At en g t he r eso ved to l . l h l
r el a te to h i s cou n ci of c i efs w a t h e h a d seenl h
a n d to a s k t ei h
r a d vice , h .

y
Ma n s u g ges tio n s wer e m a de, a n d m a n O b j ection s Sin ce the kin g co u d y . l
n o t b e deterred fro m h i s p u r pose of a ttem p ti n g to g et p ossess i on o f Doi i
'
a
h
Ma ria h is c ief cou n se or p ro posed a n a ssem b o f a ll the peo p e of th e
, ll ly l
ki n g do m w ere the k i
, h
n g s d esi
’
re m i g t b e m a d e k n o w n A t th e a sse m b h . ly
the k i n g p rom i sed m o n e y
to a n y o n e w ho d a red to u n d er ta k e th e a d ve n tu re ,

a n d hi s a p poi n tm en t as c i ef co u n se or i h
f h e w er e s u ccess fu ll l .

Th e folk -
ta le a n d th e r om a n ce ar e p ra ctica lly iden tica l , ex cep t t a t h
th e r om a n ce i
s m o re led
deta i , up n t w here th e ho rse le
to th e p oi a ves

J ua n to g o to en ti
ce Do fia Ma ria from her p a a ce a n d get h er in its l
p ow er .

The h o r se to ld
ld g w ith th g ld b it a d sa d dl d
Juan t at i h
t wou o e o en n e an

g te D fi M i
o w hal
i J h l d
ar a,h id i b h by
e til th yua n s ou e n a us n ea r un e
s h ld m b ck Th h
ou co l t ld J
e a th t w h
. it p e d b y th o r se a so o ua n a en a sse e
b h h
us h ld i it ta il d h ld tig h t Th th h
, e s ou se ze s l ft d an o on . en e o r se e , an
a ft tim
er a m t th g d e ca f D ff M i e Wh th m id
o e w
ar en o o s ar a. en e a en sa

th m l
i
e an h b ma g y , t sit e w f ecal tti g it i t h g d
e an r a s o n er or e n n o er ar en .

Aft l ki g b t f th id i v i h l im d th h
er oo n a ou or d w e r er n a n, s e ca e e o rs e, a n as
ab ut t m o
o t it wh
o th im l po k
un t h d t ld h en t p t e an a s e o er , a n o er o u on a
b ett d e er e w h ih w
r ss , o n ld b m pp p i t f th c l d dd
ou l e or e a ro r a e or e en sa
g o e.

Wh h t ed h h d
en s e re u r n m g i fic t g w , sd w e m gi c ig
a on a a n en o n, an ore a a r n .

Th h e t ld h
o r se th t i t h d b o t b y G od t b
er h a f ith f l t ed a een sen o e er a u s e ,

an d th g g ted th t h vii
en su t th es b d f th g l S
a h w sv y
e s e a o e o e ea es . e as er
a i to
n x ou s th i w d f l pl see d g d t b e ta k
s on th B f
er u a ce, a n a r ee o en er e. e o re
th y e t t th h
se ouask d h f
, h m gi
e c ig o rs eyi g th t h w o ld e er or er a r n , sa n a e u
c y it f ly f h i h i m th Sh
a rr sa e or d d th
er ig n d th s ou . e s u rre n er e e r n , an e
h ied h
orse ca rr t th p l wh Jer w o ld J e ied th a ce ere ua n a s co n cea e . u a n se z e
t i
a l f th ho d th
e im a l fl w i t th
o rse , a n i d li g h te d b ye and th e n o e a r an a e on e
 Fi
lipino P opu la r Ta l es .
3 3
2

sea . H ere b y th e
, m a gic power of th e a n d k er c i h
ef, J u a n p rod u ced food , a h
l
ta b e, a n d two c a i h
rs a t the r eq u es t o f th e o rse Six m ai ds served t em . h . h
Th e h o m e n ow g a ve J ua n the ri
ng Of Doiia Ma ri
he k ep t a; a nd as l o n g as

h
t i s , h e w a s s u re of k eep i n g th e m a i
den f ter ea tin g , Do h a Ma r i a as k ed
. A
h h
J u a n w h y s he ha d b een b rou g t t ere ; b u t J u a n , fo owin g the a dvice of ll
h
th e o rse , m a d e n o r ep Sh e fla ttered hi ly
m a n d tri
. ed to g et h i m to sl eep ,
b u t he pa i d n o a tten ti o n to h er At en g t th e orse to d t em t a t t e
. l h h l h h hy
m u s t res u m e t ei h
r jou rn e y
The orse tr a ve ed ra p i
. h
d , a n d soo n r ea c ed ll ly h
y l
the r o a l pa a ce ; b u t the g a tes w er e closed , for i t w a s t en a b o u t m i d nig t h h .

SO th e ri ders deci ded to s pen d th e res t o f th e n ig t a t J u a n

’
s o u se T ere h h . h
the old m o t er recei hved t em a l l g a d h
en th e sa dd e a n d b il ly Wh
t ha d . l
b een ta k en fro m the orse, the a nim a sa i h d t at i l
t w o u d r etu r n the fo owih l
ng ll
m orn i n g a n d ca r r y l
J u a n to the pa a ce I t fu r t er wa r n ed J u a n n ot to h .

sl eep i f b e va l u ed h is i fe l .

The rom a n ce closes with the i ta b le wa r wi

n evi th th e Moors , and th e
u
r esc e o f th e ki
n gdom from the ha n ds of th e P a ga n s b y the in vin cible
J ua n .

Th e ex a ct sour ce of th i
s rom a n ce I a m un a ble to poin t to ; b u t w ith
ou t question i
tis O cci
den ta l I believe
, .

47 . TH E FATE or AN ENv10U S W O MAN .

l

Ther e l i
ved o n ce upo n a ti
young couple O f th e m iddl eme a
cl a ss The m a n w as a
. reckl ess sca peg r a ce a n d s pend th r i ft ;
b u t the w om a n w a s a pi ou s fa i thful a n d vi r tu o u s h o u sew i
, fe , .

Ju a n w as th e hus ba nd s na m e ; Ma r ia th e w ife s O n e o f the

’
,
’
.

w or s t th i ng s a bou t Jua n w as th a t h e s pen t on a nother wom an

th e g r ea ter p a r t of th e m on ey w h i ch Ma r i a co uld w i th d i fficul ty

Th i s o ther w o m a n s n a m e w a s F lo r a It i
’
scr a pe tog eth er . s .

tr u e th a t s he s u r pa ssed Ma r i a i n perso n a l ch a r m but i n r ea l ,

w orth F l or a w as g r ea tly Ma r i a s i nfer ior H ence we s h ould n ot ’

.

w ond er a t th e fa ct th a t Ma r i a soo n gr ew d i s ta s teful to her

hu s ba nd a n d th a t a fter a yea r o f m a r ried l ife he s hould seek

,

to b e en ter ta i n ed by a m ore bea u tiful w om a n He s pen t m os t .

of hi s ti me i n li s tl ess indolence by th e s ide of F l ora retur n i ng ,

h om e only to g et h is m ea l s w hich Ma r ia prepa red with the ,

g r ea tes t ca re B u t h er. eff or ts w e r e a ll to n o pu r pos e I n .

va i n d id Ma r ia a r ra y h erself in her bes t cloth es a n d scen t her ,

self w i th th e m os t d el i ca te per fu m es : h er fa ce rem a i ned p itted

wi th s m a ll p ox sca rs as befor e
-
, .

Yea r s ca m e a n d passed a n d Ju an beca m e m or e a n d m or e ,

h a r s h to h is w ife At l as t Ma r ia so ug h t th e a id of St Vicen te
. .

F er rer She kn el t before th e i

. m a g e an d a s ked th e sa i n t to ,

Na rra ted b y Vice te M Hilario a Taga log from Ba ta ngas Ba ta ng a s He was told
n . . , .

th e s tory b y hi
s g a r en er . d
3 4
2 Mem oirs of ca n Folk Lore Soci
the A m eri ety - .

resc e u h er hu sba nd from the p it in to w h ich h e h a d fa ll en Her .

p ra yers w er e soon a n swer ed The im a g e beca m e a n im a ted . .

I t tou ch ed h er fa ce sever a l ti m es a n d i n a few seco nd s Ma r i a ,

w as conver ted i nto a n ex tr a or d ina r y bea u ty Her once r ou g h .

s ki n w a s n ow s m ooth a n d velvety She th en wen t to th e .

n d ow to a w a i When h e a rr ived a n’
wi t h er hu sba nd s r etu r n .

ho u r l a ter h e w as a t firs t un wi
,
ll i
ng to com e up in to the ho u se ,

for h e d i d n o t bel i eve th a t th e bea u ti ful w om a n w as h i s wi fe ;

b u t a t l a s t s he d i scl osed h er tr u e self to h i m A g rea t ch an g e .

n ow ca m e over Ju a n Th e o n ce d es pi sed w i fe n ow beg a n to

.

enj oy th e ca r esses o f h er hu s ba nd w ho p ressed h er clos e to hi s ,

h ea rt .

D a ys el a psed a n d F lora beg a n to g et un ea s y a t h er h om e

, .

Sh e w ond er ed w h y Ju an di d n ot co m e to see h er At length .

sh e w en t to h i s h o u se After a s k ing Ma r ia how s he h a d a c

.

qu ired h er bea u ty F l or a d ecided to try her for tu n e a l so Sh e

, .

too kn el t befor e th e i m a g e o f St Vi cen te F err er B u t a l as ! . .

,

i n s tea d o f becom ing a s w h ite an d as bea u tiful a s th e w om en of a

Tu r ki s h h a r em s h e beca m e a s bl a ck a n d as ug ly as th e m i
, s tr ess

o f a Ka fl i r hou seho ld Her o n ce d el i ca te l i

ps beca m e thick
.

a n d co a r s e a n d h er n ose beca m e a s l on g as a m o nkey s ta i

’
, l .

Fi lled w ith s h a m e a t h er a ppea r a nce a n d with a conscio usn ess ,

o f h er ow n g u i l t sh e w en t h om e w her e she p ined a w a y a n d

, ,

di ed .

Th e on ce hom ely Ma r i a w h o se h om e h a d r ung w i th l a ug h ter

,

by the ta un t a n d r id icu le of th ose w h o m a d e fun of her u g lin ees ‘

,

n ow g r a ced h er h o u se w i th sw eet s m i les a n d eng a g ing fea tu res ,

w hi ch d r ew scor es o f vi sitors to h er h om e Ju a n confes sed h is .

si n s a n d und er w en t p en a n ce for h is w ickedn ess ; a n d the two

,

l ived tog eth er in pea ce a n d h a p p iness th e res t of th eir l ives .

NO TES .

A Visa ya n va ria n t , Th e Two W ives a n d th e W itch m a y b e fo u n d ,

i
n JA F L 1 9 1 05 I n . th e sou ther n ver si
on
“
J u a n p u ts a wa y h is first
,

p l a i
n -
l oo k in g w f
ie , a n d ta k es a n o th er , h a n ds om er o n e Th e fir s t .

wi fe, weep in g b y a w ell , is tra n sform ed by a w itch in to a bea u tifu l

She wi n s h er h u sba n d s a ff ecti on s ba ck a g a i Th e s econ d
'
wom a n . n .

wi fe, deserted in tu r n , weep s b y the well , a n d is tr a n sfor m ed b y th e

wi tch i n to s u ch a h i deo u s old h a g , th a t, w hen she look s a t her self i n

Th e F ilip i
n os ha ve man y n g ch i
m ock i d
l ren s
'
rh ym es ma ki g n fu n of p er s o n a l d e
for m i
ties . s u ch as p ack -m a r s
. cr k
oss y . ver y
-e es bla ck s ki
n . etc. Th ey a lw a ys ra i
se a
la ug h when reci
ted .
32 6 Mem oirs of the A m erica n Fol k Lor e Society
-
.

d
m ou n i di g ive h
n ot
er a n y p r esen t, eit er ; a n d t en cefo r t h h h , n ed b y
sd a i
di
her h u sb a n d , s h e ni
s ed h er i fi h h
fe a s a serva n t i n hils ou se .

s u n sa fe to a ttem p t to tr a ce a s tory wi
It i th on ly thr ee ex a m p les as
da ta : b u t it a p p ea r s to m e n ot u n r ea son a ble to su p pos e tha t ou r
Ta ga log s tory i s a refin ed p io us C h r i
s tia n i
z ed m od e
,rn i
za tio n o f th e
,

Visa ya n for m r ep resen ted by The Two Wives a n d the Witch ;

a n d tha t th e Visa ya n for m i n tu rn g o es b a ck to som e ,I n di
a n o r ,

Ma la ya n m ora l ta le o f two wives riva ls for the a ffection of their ,

husba n d The Ben ga li ta le ca n ha r dly b e th e d irect sour ce o f ou r

.

Vi sa ya n for m b u t i , r ly cl os ely rela ted to tha t sou rce

t a ppea r s to b e fa i .

‘
4 8 .
( ) a TH E M O NKEY AN D JUAN PU SO NG TAM B I TAM B I -
.

Ti
ring tira ng w as -
ba rrio i n th e town of Ta ng ta ng s i
a tu a ted -
,
”
a t the foot o f a h i ll w h i ch w as ca ll ed La Ca m p a n a beca u se o f
its s h a pe Ar ound the hi . ll a bou t a m ile from the b a r r i ,o ,

flow ed th e Ma l og o Ri ver i n w hi ch th e peo ple o f th e town u sed

,

to ba th e I t so h a ppened th a t on e ti
. m e a n epi dem ic bro ke ou t
in th e com m un i ty ki lli
n g off a ll th e i nh a bita n ts ex cep t on e
,

co upl e Th i s co upl e h a d a n only son n a m ed Ju a n P u son g

.

Ta m b ita m b i -
.

Wh en Ju a n h a d rea ch ed h i s tw elf th yea r his fa th er d i ed ,

co n s equ en tly th e b o y h a d to g o to w o r k to ea r n m on ey for th e

s uppo r t o f h i m self a n d h i s m o th er At fi rs t J u a n fo ll ow ed .

th e occupa ti on o f h is fa th er th a t o f fi s h er m a n ; b u t seei n g th a t
, ,

h e m a de l i ttl e m on ey fr om th i s h e d eci ded to becom e a fa r m er , .

Hi s m o th er h a d n ow rea ch ed th e a g e o f seven ty a n d w as

o ften s i ck Ju a n fr equen tly h a d to n eg l ect his fa r m i

. n o r d er to

ta ke ca r e of h er .

O n e d a y J u a n w en t to P i t pi t to buy m ed i cin e for h is m oth er

-
.

O n hi s w a y to th e tow n h e sa w a flock o f cr ow s ea ti ng up h is
cor n He pa i
. d n o a tten tion to th e bird s ; b u t o n his w a y b a ck ,

w h en h e sa w th ese sa m e b i ll ea ting h is cor n h e beca m e

r d s s ti ,

a n gr y He p i
. cked up a s ton e a bo u t th e s i ze of h i s fis t a n d ,

cr ep t i n to a bus h n ea r by He h a d h a r dly h idd en h im self w h en

.

th e b i r d s h ea r d a r u s tl i
n g a n d beg a n to fly o ff Ju a n j u m ped
, .

up a n d hur led h is s tone w ith s u ch a ccu r a cy a n d for ce th a t o n e

,

o f th e cr ow s fell d ea d to th e g r o und He ti ed th e d ea d cr o w .

to a ba m boo po le a n d pl a n ted i t in th e m i
, ddle o f h is co m
field No soon er w a s he ou t of si
.
g h t th a n th e cr ow s fl e w b a ck

Na r a ted by E ca na ci n Go zag a a Visa ya n f om Ja r Il ilo She sa ys th a t

r n r o n . r o. o .

she has o ften hea r d th i s s tor y ; th a t i

t was ver y pop u la r a m ong th e “
n h a bi
i ta n ts of yeste
"
da y ; a n d tha t even now m a n y a re fon d of i
t .
 Fi
lipino P opu l a r Ta les .
3 7
2

to th e field n ; b u t w hen they sa w th eir d ea d com pa n i

aga i on ,

th ey fl ew off a n d n ever tr o ubl ed Ju a n a g a i

, n .

For si x m on th s Ju a n h a d n o tro ubl e fro m bi r ds He di d .

n o t kn ow h ow ever th a t n ot fa r from his field th er e was a

, ,

m onkey (ehon go) l i vi ng in a l a rg e tr ee Th is m onkey used to .

co m e to h i s field ever y da y an d s teal tw o or th ree ea rs of co r n .

O n e d a y a s Ju a n w as w a l k i
, ng a cr oss h is field h e sa w m an y dea d ,
“
cor n s ta lks He sa i
. d to h im self I w onder w h o it is th a t com es ,

h ere a n d stea l s m y com ! I a m n o long er troubled by b ir ds ;

"
a n d yet I find h er e m an y h u s ks He w en t hom e a n d m a de a n .

im a g e o f a cr ooked old m a n l i ke h im self Th is he cover ed w ith .

s ticky w ax He pl a ced i
. ti n the m i ddle of th e field .

Th e n ex t m orn i ng w h en the s u n w as s h in i n g ver y br i

, g h tly ,

th e m onkey fel t hun g r y so h e ra n tow a r d s th e field to stea l ,

so m e cor n to ea t Th er e h e sa w th e s ta tu e Th i
. nk ing th a t .

it w as Ju an h e d eci ded to as k perm issi

, o n befor e h e took a n y
“ "
co r n . Good m or n i ng Ju a n ! sa id th e m on key in a co ur teo us
-
,
“
ton e ; b u t th e i m a g e m a d e n o reply You a r e too pro ud to .

” “
bend yo ur neck Ju a n con tinued th e m onkey , I h a ve on ly
, .

co m e to as k you for th ree or fou r ea rs of co r n I h a ve n ot .

ea ten s i n ce yester d a y you know ; a n d if you deny m e th is ,

”
r eques t I s h a ll d i
, e befor e m or n i ng The w a x en s ta tue s til l .

s tood m oti onl ess Do you hea r m e Jua n ? sa i

. d th e m on key ,
“
im pa ti en tly Still the s ta tu e m a de n o reply
. Si n ce you a re .

too p r o ud to a n sw er m e I w i ll soon g ive you som e pres en ts , .

”
Look ou t ! h e cr i ed a n d wi th h i s ri g h t p a w h e ,s l a pp e d t h e

s ta tu e w h i ch h e th o ug h t w as Ju a n ; b u t h i s p a w s tu ck to th e
“ "
w ax , a n d h e could n o t g et fr ee Let m y h a nd l oose ! t h e .

”
m onkey s h o u ted o r yo u w i ll g et a nother presen t
, Th en .

h e s l a pped th e s ta tu e w i th hi s l eft p a w a n d a s befor e s tu ck , , ,

“
fas t. You a r e fool i sh Juan If you do n ot let m e g o th is , .

”
ver y m o m en t I ll ki He d i
’
ck you , d so firs t w i th on e foot .
, ,

a n d th en w i th th e oth er At l as t h e could n o l ong er m ove a n d .

,

h e beg a n to cu rse the s ta tue Ju a n w ho h a d been h id ing in .

,

a bu s h n ea r by n ow p r esen ted hi ,m self an d sa i d to th e m on key , ,

Now I h a ve ca ug h t you you th i ef ! He w ould h a ve ki lled the ,

m onkey a t on ce h a d n ot th e m onkey beg g ed for m ercy an d

, ,

prom ised th a t h e w ould a t so m e fu ture tim e repa y h im for h is

kindn ess if h e w ould only s pa re h is l ife So Jua n set the m onkey .

free .

I t w as n ow th e m on th of Apr i l The m onkey i m pa ti en t to .

,
32 8 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k Lor e Soci
ety - .

fu lfil h i s wor d to J u a n , w en t on e da y to th e field , a n d th ere h e

found Ju a n h a r d a t wo r k
“
Good m orn i
-
ng , Mas ter J u a n ! ”
.

“ ”
h e cr ied I see th a t you a r e bu sy
. .

“ ”
B u sy in deed ! r epl ied J u a n .

Mas ter Ju a n , do you w a n t to m a r r y th e king s d a u g h ter ?

’

”
I f you do , I ll ar ra n g e ever yth i ng for you , sa id the m onkey
'
.

”
J u a n r epl ied , Yes , l ittl e th inkin g th a t w ha t th e m on key
prom ised could b e tr ue .

Th e m onkey sca m per ed 06 tow a r d s th e m

When h e ar ket .

en ter ed th e m a r ket h e sa w a b oy co un ti , ng h is m oney Th e .

m onkey pr etended to b e looki ng i n th e o th er d i r ecti on bu t ,

w a lked tow a r d s th e b oy Wh en h e sa w th a t th e m oney w as

.

fa ir ly w i th in h is r ea ch h e sei z ed i t a n d r a n ba ck to Ju an
, After .

tell i ng h is m as ter w h a t h e h a d do ne th e m onkey w en t to th e ,

“
king s pa l a ce a n d sa id Si
’
, r m y m a s ter Ju a n w a n ts to borr o w
, , , ,
”
your ga n ta for h e d esi , r es to m ea s u r e h i s m on ey Th e kin g .

g a v e hi m t h e g a n ta In th r ee d a
. y s th e m o nk e y a pp ea r e d a t th e

pa l a ce a g a in to retur n th e m eas u re in the bottom o f w h ich h e ,

s tuck th r ee cen ta vos My m as ter Ju a n th a nks you for yo ur

.
, ,
”
kindness sa id th e m onkey The m onkey w a s a bou t to lea ve
, .

th e r oom w h en th e ki ng per ceived th e three cen ta vos s ticking

to th e botto m o f th e m eas u r e .

”
Here m onkey h er e a r e you r th r ee cen ts ! sa id th e king
, , .

”
O h o h oh o h o h !
, , , a n sw er ed the m onkey
, l a ug h in g , ,

m y m a s ter ca r es n ot for th r ee cen ts He h a s too m u ch m on ey . .

”
He i s ver y ver y r i , ch Th e ki n g w as m uch s u r p rised to h ea r
.

th a t th er e w as a m an r i ch er th a n h i m self .

Tw o w eeks l a ter the m onkey r etu r ned to th e p a l a ce a g a i n ,

a n d sa i d P ra y k ing m y m as ter Ju a n d es ires to bor r ow yo u r

, , , , ,
”
g a n ta a g a in H e w .a n ts t o fin is h m e as u r i
n g h i
s m o n ey .

Th e kin g w as fill ed w i th cu r i os i ty ; a n d h e sa i d I ll let yo u ,

’

borr ow th e ga n ta m onkey b u t yo u m ust tell m e firs t w h o is

, ,
”
th i s Ju a n w h o m you ca ll yo u r m a s ter .

“
My m a s ter Ju a n r epl ied th e m onkey is the r ich est m a n
”
, , ,
”
in th e w o r ld .

B efor e g i vi ng th e m ea s u r e to th e m onkey th e king w en t to ,

hi s r oom a n d s tu ck fo u r p i eces o f g old on th e fo u r cor n er s o f th e

“ ”
h i h i
’

g a n ta . I ll find o u t w o s t e r c h er Ju a n o r I h e sa id to , ,

h im self Th e m onkey took the m eas ur e a n d l eft th e h a ll with

.
,

a po l i te b ow .

As he w as w a lki
'
ng tow a rd s J u an s fa r m th e m onkey noticed ,
330 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Fol k Lore Society
- .

ra n a bou t town tr ying to th ink of som e w a y h e m ig h t esca p e

,

th e g rea t d a ng er h e w as i n I t so h a ppened th a t a n o ld m a n
.

w h o w as car r yi ng a bundle of clothes to h is so n in th e m oun ta in s

pa ssed al ong th e sa m e roa d w her e th e m on key w as Th e s u n .

w a s ver y h ot so th e old m a n d eci

, ded to res t under a l ea fy tr ee .

No soo ner w as he sea ted th er e th an th e cunn i ng m onkey cl im bed

th e tr ee a n d s hook th e br a n ch es w i
, th s uch for ce th a t twi g s a n d
fr ui ts fell a ll a r ound th e old m a n P a ni c s tr i
cken h e r a n a w a y
.
-
,

a s fa s t as h i s feet w o uld ca r r y h i m l ea vi ng ever yth ing behin d ,

hi m . Wh en th e m a n w as ou t of s i g h t t h e m o nk ey cl im be d d o w n ,

th e tr ee p i cked up th e bundl e o f cl o th es a n d ca rr i
, ed i t to J u a n , .

“ ” “
To m orrow J ua n sa id the m onkey
-
, , y o u w ill m a rr y th e ,

pr incess I ll a rr a n g e ever y th i
.
’
ng for you if you w ill only fo llow
m y a d vi ce H a lf do ubting a n d h a lf bel ieving Ju a n a sk ed
.
,
“
th e m onkey i f h e r eal ly m ea n t w h a t h e sa i d Wh a t d o you .

th i nk of m e ? as ked th e m onkey .

With ou t w a iting for a reply from Ju an th e m onkey left the ,

h u t a n d r a n tow a r ds th e h om e of th e B u r i
, n ca n ta das w h o li ved
on th e s u m m i t o f th e h i ll As soon as h e en tered th e g a te he
.
,

beg a n to scoop up the g r ound as fa s t a s h e could Th e B ur in .

ca n ta d a s w h o a t th a t ver y m o m en t w er e l ooki
, ng o u t of the
wi n d ow sa w
, th e m onkey They r u sh ed d ow n s ta i
. rs an d , ,
”
h a lf frig h ten ed sa id to him Wh a t a re you tr ying to do ?
, ,
“
Why o u r king h a s been d efea ted i
, n th e w a r The en em ies .

h a ve a lrea dy ta ken possess i on o f th e cr ow n Th e p r i nces s is .

dea d a n d it is sa id th a t ever ybody w ill b e kill ed before to

,
H “
m orr ow noon r epl ied th e m onkey h i
, s teeth ch a tter i ng I, .

a m r eso l ved to h i d e m yself under the g r o und to sa ve m y l ife .

Th e th r ee B u ri n ca n ta d a s sei zed h i m by th e a r m a n d sa i d , ,

Fo r m er cy s s a ke h a ve p i ty on u s ! Tell u s w h er e w e ca n
'
,
”
hi de ! They w ere a l rea dy tr em bl i n g wi th fea r .

“ ”
O h o h oh o h o h ! let m e l oose ! Th e en em y a r e com i
, , , , ng !
O n h ea r i ng th ese wor d s the B u r in ca n ta d as a ll s h ou ted a t
,
“ ”
o n ce , Tell u s w here to h i de !
“
If you w ill n ot let m e scoop ou t a hole h ere I ll j u m p in to ,
’

”
the well sa id the m onkey in a h oa rse voice
, .

As soon as th e B u r i n can ta d as h ea r d th e w o r d w ell th ey ,

a ll r a n a s fa s t as they co uld foll ow i n g th e m onkey , Let m e .

”
j u m p first ! sa id the m onkey .

“ ”
No let u s ju m p fir st ! s h ou ted th e B u r i
, n ca n ta da s ; a n d so

they di d The m on key m a de a m oti

. o n as i f he were g oi ng to
 l ipin o P opu la r Tales
Fi .
33!

follow ; b u t instea d h e l ifted u p th e bi

, , gg e
s t s to n e h e c o ul d
“ ”
find a n d th r ew it down the w ell They a r e dea d h e sa id to .
,
“ ”
hi m self l a ug h i
, ng Ah I h a ve ca ug h t you ! Ha h a !
.
, ,

The B u r i n ca n ta d as n ow bei ng dea d th e m onkey w a s a t ,

l eis u r e to d eci de w h a t to do n ex t He en ter ed th ei r p a l a ce .

,

a n d th ere h e found ever yth i ng m a g n ificen t Thi s i s th e .

ver y pl a ce w h er e m y m as ter s ha ll l i ve ! He o pened the fir st

r oo m ,b u t ther e he fo und noth i ng b u t bones He closed the .

door a n d o pen ed the second w h ere he found m a ny pr iso ner s ,

w ho w ere w aiti n g to b e ea ten He set them a l l free a n d told.

,

th em to cl ea n up th e pa l a ce a t on ce The pr iso ners set to w or k .

,

n o t forg etti ng to th a nk the m onkey for his kindness B efore .

he l eft th e p al a ce h e a dd r essed th e cr ow d a s follow s : My

“
,

brothers a n d s isters if a n y o n e com es a n d a sks you w ho you r

,
”
m a ster i s tell h i
, m th a t he is Don Ju a n P u so ng Ta m bita m bi -
.

Then he left th e crow d of people busy clea n ing th e pal a ce ,

a n d w en t to th e fa r m w here h e fou nd th ou sa n d s of h orses

, ,

cow s a n d sh eep
,
“
My m as ter is indeed rich h e sa id to h im
.
"
,

self . He ca lled th e s h eph er d w ho w as lyi ng und er th e tr ee ,

“
a n d sa i d to h im Tell your oth er com pa n i
, on s th a t i f a n y on e ,

com es a n d as ks w h ose a n i m a l s th ese a re th ey m u s t a n swer ,

th a t th ey a l l bel ong to Don Ju an P u so ng Don Ju a n i s yo u r .

m as ter n ow .

After seei g n th a t ever yth ing

der th e m onkey h as w as i
n or ,

tened to h i s m a s ter w ho w as s ti ll ploug hing a n d sa id Thr ow

, , ,
’
Let s g o to th e ki ng s pa l a ce for to nig h t
’
a w a y yo ur pl o ug h .
,
-

ill b i d h p i
n D i E l n ” '

y o u w e m a rr e to t e r cess o r a e a .

N ig h t ca m e The pa l a ce w as s plend idly a d or ned The

. .

pr incess w a s sitting by her fa ther w hen Don J u a n d ressed in , ,

hi s s tr iped cl othes a n d a ccom pa n i ed by th e m onkey en ter ed ,

the g a te o f the pa l a ce Soon th e pr i es t ca m e a n d th e pr i

. n cess ,

w as ca ll ed to th e r ecep ti on h a l l Wh en s he sa w her br ideg r oom

-
,

s he r a n a w a y i r a n d cr i
n d es pa i ed to h er fa ther
, Fa th er h ow , ,

d a re you a ccept a s m y hu sba nd s u ch a bas e d ir ty crooked m a n ! , ,

"
Loo k a t h i m ! Why he i s th e m ea n e,s t o f th e m ea n .

“
B u t th e ki ng r epl ied He is r ich If you d on t m a r r y h im
, .
'
,
”
I ll pun is h you ver y severely
’
The pri ncess h a d to obey her
.

fa th er ; b u t before g i
, ving h er h a nd to Juan P uso ng s he sa id , ,
“ ”
O G od ! let m e d i e .

Wh en the m a rr i a g e cer em ony w as over , th e king ca lled the

m onkey , a n d a s ked , Where is the cou ple goi n g to l i
ve ?
332 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Folk Lore Soci
- ety .

In Don J u a n s pa la ce was the r eply of th e m on key

’
, .

Th e ki ng im m ed ia tely or d er ed ca rr ia g es to b e g otten rea dy .

Then th ey s ta r ted on th ei r j ou r ney Fou r ho u r s pa ssed a n d .

,

sti ll n o pa l a ce wa s to b e seen The king beca m e im pa tien t .

,

a n d sa id to th e m onkey Monkey if w h a t you ha ve sa i

, d to m e ,

is n o t tr ue you r h ea d s ha l l a n swer for you r li

, e H ardly h a d .

he sa i d these wor d s w hen he beh eld before h im a nu m ber o f

“
m en w a tch i ng a herd of ca ttle I w ond er w ho ow n s th ese .
,
"
m on key ! sa i d th e kin g .

Th e m onkey m a de so m e si g n s an d soo n t h r ee s h eph er d,s ca m e

”
r u nn ing up to them G ood even i
. ng k ing ! th ey sa id
-
, .

“ ” “
Good even i ng !
-
r epl i
ed th e ki ng Whose ca ttl e a re .

”
these ?
“
Th ey a re a ll ow n ed by Don Ju a n P u so ng sa i d th e s hep ,

h er d s .

The ki n g nodd ed a n d sa id to h im self

, He i s tr u ly r i ch , .

Th e p a l a ce wa s n ow i n si g h t T h e k i n g c o uld
. h a r dly e x p ress
“
hi s j oy on seei ng s u ch a m a g n ificen t bu ild ing Why it i s .
,
”
n ot a p a l a ce : it i s h ea ven i tself h e sa i d , .

They were n ow upsta i rs Th e king on seei . ng s till m ore ,

“ "
bea u ties sa id , I confess I a m n ot the richest m a n on ea r th
, , .

Soon h e d i ed o f j oy a n d h i s body w a s pl a ced i

, n a g o lden co ffin

a n d bu r i ed i n th e chu r ch .

The cou p le i nher ited h is d om i ni on ; b u t Q u een E l en a co u ld

n ot endu r e h er u g ly hu s ba nd a n d tw o w eeks l a ter s h e d i

, ed

broken hea r ted So Jua n w a s left a s sol e r uler o f tw o kin g

-
.

dom s The m onkey beca m e h is ch ief m in ister

. .

Th i s s to r y s h ow s th a t a co m p a ss i on a te m a n o ften ti m es g e ts
hi s r ew ar d .

AN APP ‘
( )
b D R E S T H E TR E R .

O n ce upo n a ti m e th er e l i ved i n a vi ll a g e a poor w id ow w h o

h a d a n only son n a m ed And res Th ey l i ved i n a s m a ll b u t
.

si tu a ted n ea r th e P a ta cbo for es t Wh en And res w a s betw een .

twelve a n d th i r teen yea r s o ld h i s m o th er d i ed , F ro m n ow o n .

he li ved a l on e i n hi s m ea n l i ttl e h u t w h er e h e h a d to coo k h i s ,

ow n food a n d w a s h h i s cl oth es .

O n e m or ni ng so m e boys invited Andr es to g o to the w oo d s

wi th them to tr a p Wh en th ey g ot to th e for es t h is com
.
,

pa n ions set th eir tr a ps in th e pl a ces w h ere th e wild ch icken s

Narra ted by Dom ing o P erez f Sa n Ca los P a n ga s ina w h hea rd th e st ry from h is
o r . n. o o

d
g ra n fa th er . n ow d d
ea . Th e stor y is p op u la r a m on g th e P a n gas i
n a n es .
334 Mem oirs of the A m erica n Fol k Lore Soci
-
ety .

to th e ow n er th e n ex t m or n i h e p u t a peso ,
ng , a fifty cen ta vo -

p iece a peseta a n d a
, , a peseta i
m ed i -
n th e cr a cks of th e m ea s u re .

Wh en the m onkey h a nded th e ga n ta ba ck to Don Tor ibi o ,

th e m a n sa i d Why do you r etu r n it? Has you r m a s ter finish ed

,

m ea s u r i ng h is m oney ?
“ "
No si , r! sa id the m onkey w e h a ve n ot fin is hed ; b u t this ,

b ox i s too s m a ll a n d i t ta kes u s too l on g to m ea s u re w i

, th it .

“ ” “
Well sa i d Don Torib io we h a ve a big g er on e th a n tha t ;
, ,
"
do you w a n t to borr ow i t?
Yes I do i, f you w i ll let m e keep it till to m orrow sa id th e
,
-
,

m onkey .

Don Tor i bi o th en b ro ug h t a ca va n w h ich equ al s a bo u t tw en ty ,

five ga n ta s Wh en th e m onkey rea ch ed h om e ca rr ying th e

.

“
l a r g e m ea s u r e And r es sa id to h im
, Wh ere d id you g et th a t ,
"
b ox ? The m on key sa i d th a t it ha d been l en t to h im by th e
ri ch es t m a n i n th e tow n .

Wh a t did you tell th e m a n th a t you were g oi ng to do w ith

i t? sa i d Andres .

I told h im th a t you w an ted to coun t your m on ey sa id th e ,

m onkey .

“
Ah m e ! s a i
, d And r es w h a t m oney a r e you g oing to cou n t
,
"
Don t you kn ow th a t w e a r e ver y poor ?
’

“ ”
Let m e m a n a g e th i ng s And r es sa id th e m onkey , an d , ,

I prom ise you th a t you s h a ll m a r r y th e bea u tiful d a ug h ter o f

"
th e r i ch m a n .

The foll ow i ng da y And res ca ug h t m a ny w ild ch icken s Wh en .

th e m onkey h a d sold th em a ll i n th e m a r ket h e w en t b a ck to ,

th ei r h u t a n d took th e ca va n w h i
,
ch h e h a d bor r ow ed B efor e .

r etu r n i n g it to Don Tor ibio h e s tu ck m oney in th e cra cks a s , ,

h e h a d d on e to th e fir s t m ea s u r e .

”
“
Good m om i ng Don Tor i
-
bio ! said th e m onkey Don
, .

Tor i bio w a s sitting in a ch a ir by th e door of h is ho u se .

“ ”
Good m or n i ng m onkey ! How do yo u do ? r epl ied th e
-
,
”
ri ch m a n H a ve you com e to r etu r n th e b ox ?
.

“
Yes s i r !
,
"
d th e m onkey w e h a ve fin is h ed My m a s ter
sa i
“
, .

send s h i s th a nks to you

”
Wh en Don Tor ibio took the b o x
.

a n d sa w the m on ey i ns ide h e told th e m onkey a bo u t it ; b u t

,

th e m onkey sa i d “
Never m ind ! we h a ve plen ty m ore in o u r
,

”
house .

“
I a m th e rich es t m a n in tow n yet I ca nn ot th r ow m on ey ,

a w a y li ke th e m a ster o f th is fell ow sa id Don Toribio to him ,

 n o P opu la r Ta les
F ilipi .
335

se lf. P er h a ps h e is even r i ch er th a n I a m When th e .

m o nkey w a s a bou t to ta ke h i s l ea ve th e r ich m a n told h i m to ,

tell h i s m a s ter to co m e th er e on th e th i r d da y Th e m on key .

sa id th a t h e w ould a n d th a nked Don Tor ibio for th e invita tion

, .

O n hi s w a y h o m e th e m onkey stopped a t th e m ar ket to

,

buy a pa ir o f s h oes som e rea dy m a d e cloth es a n d a h a t for

,
-
,

And r es He took th ese th i

. ng s hom e to h is m a ster a n d in th ree ,

d a ys h a d ta ug h t And res h ow to w a lk ea s ily w ith shoes on h ow ,

to s pea k el eg a n tly h ow to ea t w i th a s poon a n d for k a n d kn i

, fe ,

a n d h ow to tell Don Tor i bio th a t h e w a n ted to m arr y hi s

d a ug h ter .

Wh en th e tim e ca m e Andr es a n d th e m onkey set ou t for the

,

tow n . Th ey w ere w el com ed by Don Tor ibi o a n d his d a ug h ter

An i ng After a s hor t ta lk Andr es s poke of hi

. s p u r pose i
, n

com i ng th er e He sa id th a t h e w a n ted to m arr y Don Tor ib i

. o s
’

d a ug h ter Don Tor ibio g l a d ly a ccep ted th e offer a n d sa id th a t

.
,

th e w edd i ng w o uld b e h eld th e n ex t m or n ing H a s ty prepa ra .

tio n s w er e m a d e for th e cer em ony In the m or n i n g a pr i es t .

ca m e ,a n d And r es a n d An i n g w er e m a rr ied Ma ny g ues ts .

w ere pr esen t a n d ever ybody h a d a g ood ti

, me .

A few yea rs l a ter Don Tor i bio d ied an d And res inh er ited a ll ,

hi s w ea l th He th en beca m e a ver y r i
. ch m an .

NO TES .

Two h
ot er lipp in e
P hi a n ts of th e
va r i P u ss in Boots l
cyc e ha ve
sa ya n , Ma soy ”
b een p ri n ted , o n e Vi — A
(J L 20 :
F a n d th e Ap e

3 1 1 a n d th e o ther T a g a log ,
“
J u a n a n d th e Mo n k ey
”
(ibi
d
1 08 I t wou ld th u s a ppea r , n ot on ly from th e fa ct of i ts wide
di bu tion , b u t a lso from th e tes tim on y o f the recor ders o f th e stories ,
s tr i

h
t a t th e ta e l i
s fa ir ly we ll k n ow n a nd p p
o u a r t rl
o ug h hou t th e Archi
p ela g o .

Th e m os t com p ete l bibl iog ra p hy of th i

s cyc e i
s l Bo l te P ollvk a
-
’
s

n otes on Gri m m , No 33 (a ) , P u ss i
. n B oots ( A n m
“
er k u n g en . I
”

See a l so K5h ler s n otes to Go n zen b a ch , No 65,

“
Vom
’

3 5
2 .

C on te Pi
ro
”
( 2 : 2 42 M a ccu lloch , ch v rrr (p 2 2 5 W R S . . . . .

R a ls ton i n eteen th Cen tu r y

“ "
n th e Ni ( 3
1 [ 1 883] : 88 T h e

o ld e
s t k n ow n ver s i on o f the s tor y i s Stra pa r ola s ( x x , i ) , whi ch i
’
s

tr a n s l a ted i n fu ll b y C ra n e (pp 34 8 Th e secon d oldes t i

. s a ls o

I ta l ia n , b y B a s ile (2 : iv) ; th e thir d , Fren ch , P erra u lt s Le C ha t

’ “

I n a ll thr ee th e hel pfu l a n im al i

"
B otté . s a ca t, as i t i s wi thou t ex
cep ti on i n th e G er m a n , Sca n di n a vi a n , En g l i
sh , a n d F ren ch form s .

I n th e I ta l i a n th e a n im al i s u su a lly a ca t, thoug h th e fox ta k es i ts

336 M em oi
rs o f the Am eri
can F olk L ore Soci
- ety .

p la c e in a n u m b e r o f S ic il i
a n ta l es I n t h e G r eek , R
. ou m a n i
a n , B ul

ga r i
a n , S e r b ian , R u ss ia n , a n d in g en e ra l a l l E a s t E u ro p ea n for m s , th e

h elpfu l a n i mal i s reg u la r ly th e fox , as i ti s a lso i n th e ex a m p les collected

from Si ber ia , Ku r des ta n , Dag hes ta n , a n d Mon golia I n th e fou r .

I n dia n va r ia n ts k n own , the a n im a l is a j ack a l ; in th e fou r fro m the

P hi lip p in es , a m on k ey I n a Swa hilita le (Steers , p r3) it is a g az elle
. . .

It i s n ot ha r d to see h ow , throu g h a proce s s of tra n s m i ssion , j a ck a l ,

fox , a n d ca t m i g h t b ec o m e i
n te r ch a n g ed ; b u t w h er e th e P h l
ii pp in e

m on k ey , con si sten tly u sed i n a ll vers i o n s , ca m e fro m , i s m ore di fl icu l t

to ex p la in ; so th e Sw a h ii g a ze e h a ve, h ow ev l
er , a tt emllp d
te
. I an

ex pla n a tio n b e o w l .

An ex a m i n a tion o f th e fou r m em b er s o f th e P h iipp in e g ro u p l re

vea s l som e ki
s tr i ng fa m ily res em bla n ces ( I ) Th e ve o f th e
m oti
m on k e y s g ra titu d e is the sa m e in
’
a ll th e s tor i
es : th e th i n g a ni
evi m al
i
s ca u g ht in som e sor t o f tr a p , a n d p rom ises to ser ve th e hero for li
fe
if he wi l l on ly s pa re i
t l . Th e a n i ma i
( )
2 Is tru e to i
n a l l ts w ord .

th e s tori es occu r s th e in ciden t o f the bor rowed m ea s u re r etu r ned wi th

co in s s tick in g to i t (3) I n a l l th e
. vers ion s occu rs th e m a r r ia g e of

th e poor hero w i th th e ch i ef s d a u g h ter , bro u g h t a bou t b y th e i

’
a

g en i
o u s m on k e y .
(4 ) I n thr ee of th e ver si
on s ( al l ex cep t th e Pa n
ga s i
n a n ) we ha ve as th e fin a d els tr usode
ep ict io n o th e
f a p o w e r fu l
wi tch or dem on , a n d th e w i nni n g o f a ll i ts for tu n e b y th e m on k ey for
th e hero I n th e H i
. n doo va r i a n ts w e fin d th a t th e m o ti ve o f th e
j a ck a l s g r a titu de a g rees with th e m otive in ou r version s I n other
’
.

res pects th ey d i ffer (w i th th e ex cep ti on o f th e m a r r i a ge whi ch i s ,

fou n d i n n ea r ly a ll m em b er s o f th e P u ss i n B oo ts cycle) : th e H i n d oo

ta les l a ck th e i n ci den ts o f the borrow ed m ea su re a n d th e des tr u cti on

o f th e d em on So fa r a s th e open i
. ng i s co n cern ed th en , o u r va r i a n ts
,

a n d th e I n d i a n b elon g to th e sa m e fa m i ly The sepa ra tion , however , .

m u s t h a ve ta k en p l a ce a g es a g o ; for i n I n di a th e a n i m al i s con s i s ten tl y

a j a ck a l a n d i
, n th e P h i l ip p in es a m on k ey Th e on ly other for m tha t .

I k n ow o f in wh ich the a n im a l is a m on k ey is th e Ara bia n , in th e 1 00 1

Ni g h ts ,
" “
A b oo M o h a m m ed th e L a z y ;
”
b u t h er e th e h el p fu l a p e

la ter tu rn s ou t to b e a m a liciou s dem on , w h o trea cherou s ly a b d u cts

th e hero s b ea u ti
'
fu l w ife At la s t, th ro u g h th e a id of a fr ien d ly j in n ee,
.

th e h ero reco vers h er , ca p tu r es th e a pe , a n d en closes i t forever i n a

b ottle o f b r a ss He then g a i n s possess i o n o f a ll th e d em on s en or m ou s

’
.

wea l th . It i s di fli cu lt to see a n y i m m ed i a te co n n ecti o n b etw een th e

Ara b ia n version a n d ou rs .

O u r tw o Vi sa ya n for m s a r e o f pa rti cu l ar i n ter es t i n th a t they m a k e

u se o f th e
“
Ta r B a b y devi ce to ca tch th e m on k ey I f J oseph J a cob s .

is co ect
r r in tra c in g ht i s in c id en t to th e B u ddhi s t bi r th s tor y, th e
-

P a n cavu dh a j ata k a , No 55 (see I n d i r y Ta les pp 30 5

“ -
a n Fa i
.
, .

th e P hi lipp in es m a y ea s ily ha ve derived it d irectly from I n d ia a lon g

338 Mem oirs of the Am erica n F olk Lor e Soci
ety
-
.

co u p e l
b a ck to t ei r o m e , a n d wih h
t th em a n o fli cia l a tten da n t O n the h .

r etu r n j o u r n e y
the fox r u n s o n a ea d , a n d req u es ts ever h
er d s m a n i t m ee ts yh
to sa y, i f he i s a s k ed w ose ca ttl e h e i s ten di ng, h“
It i s th e ca ttl e of B or ol ta i

Ku , the ri c k an h h . l
At a s t th e fox co m es to the ten t of K a n Ma n g u i s, h
a n d g r oa n s
“
. Wh ”
a t s th e m a tter ? sa s th e k a n
’ “
s tor m i s co m in g,
”
y h . A
y
sa s th e fox
“
h
T a t is a m i
. s for tu n e for m e too ,
"
sa s the k a n
“
How y h .

so ? h l
You ca n or d er a o e ten fa t o m s deep to b e d u g , a n d ca n i de i h
n it
"
h ,

y
sa s th e fox So do n e . B orolta i K u a n d h i s pa r t
. n ow a p pea r , a n d h e y
occu p i es th e k a n s ten t a s i h f i t w ere hi
’
s ow n Th e fox a ss u r es the o flici al .

h
a tten d a n t t a t the ten t i s B o rol ta iKu s , b u t th a t i
’
t h a s o n e defect at . Wh
i s t a t? h” “
U n der the ten t ives a dem on o n t yo u b r i l
n g d ow n . W ’

l h
i g t n in g t o s a h im ?
”
Tl y
h e a tte n d a n t b rin g s d o w n ig t n i n g a nd s a s l h l y
h
K a n Ma n g u i s w ho i s si tting i
, n th e o e B o rol ta iK u b eco m es k a n , a n d h l . h
ta k es a ll th e p o ssess i o n s , ca tt e a n d p eo p e of K a n Ma n g u i ls , a n d g oes to
, l h
l ive n ea r h i s fa t er i n la w
-
h -
.

I n th i
s s tor y , ll b e
t wi
i ced ,
n oti th e a n i
ma ls ’
r u se i
s th e sa m e a s

o u rs , t pers u a des th e r i
i ch k h a n (dem on s i
n ou r s ) to h ide h im self
i
n a p i
t .Th er e h e i
s s u bse u en t k i ed q ly ll .

The borrowed m ea s u re r etu r n ed w i

t h coin s s tick in g to it h as a lrea dy
th i
b een m et w i n NO 2 0 (c) . . Th e i den t occu rs el sew h ere i
n ci n Fi lipin o
d roll s It i . ou s to fin d i
s cu r i t so con s i
s ten t ly a p a r t o f th e F ii
p i
n o l
“ ”
n B oots
P u ss i s tor i
es .

In l
co n c u s i b e n oted th e fa ct tha t i
on m a y n An dres th e Tra p per
th e m on k ey s so l i
citu de over th e a p p ea ra n ce h i s m a s ter w i ll m a k e a t
’

ch m a n s hou se h a s a pa r a lle l i n th e j a ck a l s s i la r con cern in

’
th e ri mi
’

th e Sa n ta l s tor y
B efor e th e w edd i
n g -fea s t, th e j a ck a l g a ve Jog es w h a r so m e hi t n s as to h i
s

be h a vi
or . h hHe w a r n ed h im
f ki d fm t d v g ta b l t at t r ee o r ou r n s o ea s a n e e es

w ld b e h d d
ou th th
d wi an i d b d hi
e m t b
r ou n t h l p hi m e r ce, a n a e o e s u re o e

self f m h d ih ; d w h b et l t w h d d t him ft th f a t
ro ea c s an en e -
nu as an e o a er e e s ,

h w e t t ta k y
a s no til h e h
o d h d f l f m y
e ang i
v h i
m ; by ch
un a a an u o on e en su

b h vi h w ld l d ev y
e a or e t th i k h w
ou lly p i c
ea B O MP A S er o ne o n e a s r ea a r n e. ,

p . 175

y th e h u m a n her o is a wea ver a lso a s in th e Sa n ta l

I n Dr a co tt s s tor
’
, .

Hi s l a s t ex p l oi
t h a s b een b or r owed from a n o ther I n d ia n ta le n o t co n

n ected w i th o u r g r ou p Va l ia n t Vick y th e W ea ver (Steel Tem p le

,
“ ”
-
,

p . 80 ; cf. Ki
n g scote , NO . 1x ) .

FO O L ‘
49 .
JUAN TH E .

( NA R R ATO R S N O T E Th i
s s to r y
’
w as to l d to m e b.
y a s tu d e n t .

He sa i d th a t h e fir s t hea r d i
ti n o n e o f th e i n for m a l g a th er i
n g s w hi ch

a r e ver y com m on i n B oca we , B u l a k a n d u rin g th e h o t sea son Th e , .

you n g m en often assem ble a t a little shop k ep t b y a you n g w om a n ,

Th i
s stor y was na rra ted by R em ed ios Men doza of Ma n ila . b u t th e sto r y itself com es
from the Ta g a log pr ovi
n ce o f B u la k a n .
 lipin o P opu la r Ta l es
Fi .
339

an d there th e s tor y teller

-
of the ba rr io tells stories Th is stor y of .

Jua n wa s to d l a t o n e of these g a th er i
n g s b y a n o ld m a n a bou t fif ty

yea r s o ld .
)
Ju a n is tw en ty yea rs old At th is a g e he beg in s to becom e .

fa m o us in h is l ittl e ba rr io He is s hor t in s ta ture His eyes . .

a r e n ei ther br i g h t n o r dull : t h ey a r e v er y bl a c k a n d s l o w ly ,

r o ll in th ei r sockets Hi s m o u th i s n a r ro w
. He h a s a do ubl e .

ch i n a n d a s hor t fl a t n ose His foreh ea d is broa d a n d h is

, .
,

l ips a r e th ick His ha ir is bla ck a n d s tr a ig h t His body is

. .

r ound l i ke a pu m pkin a n d his l eg s a re s hor t He seem s to b e

, .

a l w a ys ti r ed In s pite of a ll th ese physica l pecul ia r ities h ow

.
,

ever h e i s i nvited to ever y ba ylu ha n a n d lea ta pu s a n beca use h e l

, ,

i s s ur e to b r i n g wi th h i m l a ug h ter a n d m err i m en t .

Jua n l ives in a poor ba r r io w h ich cons i s ts o f a few poor n i

, p a

h u ts I t h a s a s m a ll ch a pel of ston e w i
. th a tu r r et a n d bell s , .

In the cou r tya r d in fr on t of th e ch a pel is erected a cross A few .

ni p a co t ta g es a re sc a t te r ed a l o n g th e l o n ely s tr ee ts o f t h e b a rr i
o .

Th er e i s a ri v ulet j u s t o u ts i de th e vill a g e I ts cou rse is h idden .

a n d los t i n a th i ck for es t w h i ch ex tend s to th e foo t o f a m o un ta i n .

At th e ti m e th e s tor y open s Ju a n i s ea ti n g his br ea kfas t w ith

hi s m o th er She i . s an o ld w i d ow w h ose so l e a m bition is to ,

es ta bl i s h Ju a n i n a g ood soci a l posi tion Sh e i s co n s ta n tly .

a d vi sin g h er so n w h en th er e i , s a n y occa s i on to pr ea ch to b e ,

on th e l oo kou t fo r a vi r tu o u s w i fe Sh e tell s h im th a t since she .

,

i s a n o ld a n d ex per i en ced w o m a n h e m us t foll ow h er a dvi , ce .

Her a d vi ce i s th a t a g ood w i fe is a l w a ys qu iet a n d tong ue tied -

,

a n d d oes n o t g o n o i si ly a bou t th e h ou se As Ju a n is a n obed ien t .

son h e soo n d eter m i

, nes to g et h im a g ood w ife After a s h or t .

ti m e J u a n co m es h om e to hi s m oth er an d s a ys to h er Moth er , , ,

I h a ve fo und th e g ir l you w ill l ike th e o n e w h o s h a ll b e m y

,

wi fe Sh e is s peechl ess a n d m otionl ess Her eyes a re s ta ring

. .

i n j u s t on e pl a ce Th oug h I h a ve w a tch ed h er closely for a bou t

.

tw el ve h o u rs I h a ve n ot o bser ved th e s l i
, g h tes t m o tio n in h e r

l ips an d eyel id s Sh e r em a in ed qu iet in h er b ed a lth oug h th ere

. ,
”
w er e m a ny n oi s y peo pl e i n th e h ou se .

“
An d i s th a t a ll ? sa ys h i s m o th er .

” “
No m oth er , sa ys Ju a n , h er h a nd s w ere ver y cold
, Sh e .

w a s d ea f a n d s h e d i
, d n ot a n sw er m e Th i s fa ct m a kes h er a l l .

B a ya ( fro m sh ba i
the Spa n i ls ) , a d a n ci
n g -pa rt y . K ata psn an ( Tag ; from .

ta m .
“
en d . a fiesta gi
ven ni
ne d
a ys a fter th e d ea th of a n a d u lt. or th ree da ys
a fter th e dea th of a ch i
l d .
 Mem oirs of ca n Fol k Lore Soci
the A m eri ety -
.

th e lovel ier , and I am s ure you wi ke her

ll l i . Th ere i
s on ly on e
”
n g you di
th i d n ot tell m e, h ow ever .

“ ” “
I th ink sa ys th e m oth er th a t I a d vised you w ell
, , .

" “
Yes I thi nk so too sa ys Jua n
, Th e g i r l h a d a s ti
, n king .

w ax y l i ke odor
-
.

“ ”
0 Ju a n ! ex cl a i m s hi s m oth er I a lr ea dy s us pected from ,

your l ong descr ip tion tha t you followed m y in str uctio n s too
liter a lly The g ir l you found is a dea d on e Now rem em b er :
. .
,
"
th ose w h o s ti nk a re dea d .

“
Th a nks m oth er sa ys Ju a n qu i
, etly, I w ill never for g et ,
”
th a t .

A few d a ys l a ter w h en Ju a n a n d h i ,s m oth er a r e ea ti ng th eir

br ea kfas t Ju a n sm ell s a s tin k in g odor He look s a r oun d the
, .

l ittl e r oom As h e d oes n o t see a n y on e el se th er e h e th i

. n ks ,

th a t h i s m oth er i s d ea d Then w hen h i s m oth er i . s ta ki n g her ,

“ "
si es ta Ju a n sa ys to hi
, m self Su rely m oth er i s d ea d He goes
, .

o u t qu i etly an d d i g s a g r a v e for h er T h e n h e bu r ies h er in it .

,

a n d m o ur n s for h er n i ne d a ys Now Ju a n is a l on e in th e w or ld . .

O n e m or n i ng w h en Ju a n is ea tin g his br ea kfas t by h im self

, ,

h e sm ell s a g a i n a s tinkin g od or He l ooks a r ound a n d a s he .

, ,

does n o t see a n y on e h e th inks th a t h e h im self is dea d Th ere

, .

i s n obody to bu r y h i m So h e g oes to th e r i ver ta kes five or

.
,

si x ba n a n a tr unks a n d m a kes a r a ft o f th em
-
,
He l i es d ow n on th e .

ra ft a n d l ets th e cu rr en t o f th e r i
, ver ca r r y h i m awa y I n th ree .

h ou rs th e cu rr en t ha s ca rr ied h im in to th e w ood s W h il e he .

is fl o a ti ng th roug h th e forest a ll of a s udden h e is ca ll ed i n a

,

fier ce voi ce by som e o n e o n s h o r e Th i s m a n w a s th e ca p ta i n .

o f a ba nd o f ro bber s Ju a n does n ot stir in h is pl a ce The

. .

second s h o u t i s a ccom pa n i ed by a terr i bl e oa th J ua n o pen s h i s .

eyes He s a dly l ooks a t th e r obbers a n d tell s th em th a t he

.
,

is a d ea d m a n The r o bber s l a ug h ; b u t w hen Jua n i

. n si s ts on

r em a i n ing on th e r iver th e ca pta in fr i g h te n s Ju a

, n a n d sa ys ,

th a t h e w i ll s hoot if h e does n ot g et up As Ju a n d oes n o t ca re .

for th e ta s te of bull ets h e g oes to th e b a nk o f th e r i , ver s ti ll ,

th i nking th a t h e is a w a lking d ea d body .

Ju a n g oes w ith th e r obber s in to th e wood s Th eir h o u se is i n .

a d es er ted s pot Th e ca p ta in a ppoi

. n ts Ju a n th eir h o u sek eep er .

He tell s h i m to cook r i ce b u t or d ers h i m to keep ver y s ti , ll a n d

qu iet for th ey m a y b e ca ug h t by th e Spa n is h so ld ier s (ca za d or es )
, .

Th en th e r o bbers g o ou t on a n ex ped i ti on a n d Ju a n i s l e ft a lo ne ,

in th e h o u se He s hu ts th e w ind ow s a n d ever ythi

. ng i s q ui et ,
34 2 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Folk Lo re Soci
-
ety .

to th e oth er d qu i
s i e of ckly a s you can for I ca n n o t
th e ri
ver as ,

ca r r y you . rea ch th e oth er s i

If you de before I do you m a y g o ,
"
s tr a i
g h t h o m e o r w a i
t fo r m e
, W i
t h th i
s w a r n i
n g h e t e .
,

l ea ses th e cra bs on e by on e so th a t they m a y g o in a s tr aig h t

l in e He is very g l a d to see th em sw im so fa s t Th en w ith
. .

th e h elp o f a pi ece of ba m boo a n d a fter a l o n g s tr ug g l e h e h i m, ,

self r ea ch es th e oppos i te s h or e He l ooks a r ound for the .

cr a bs ; b u t seei ng n one h e sa ys to h im self P er h a ps th ey h a ve

, , ,

becom e tir ed of w a iting for m e a n d h a ve g one str a ig h t h o m e ,

”
a s I or d er ed th em to d o Wh a t a s ur pr ise for th e ca pta in !
.

Ju a n is ver y g l a d a t th e d ecision of th e cr a bs a n d h e sets ou t ,

for th e r obber s h ou se a l w a ys h opi ng to over ta ke th e rea r of

’
,

th e l on g p r ocessi on o f cra bs He soon r ea ch es h om e He . .

a sks th e r o bbers i f th e cra bs h a ve a r r i ved When J ua n finds .

ou t th a t n o t o n e of th e n a ug h ty cr a bs o beyed h i m h e bl a m es ,

h im self for h is qu iet n a tur e a n d sw ea r s th a t he w ill n ever tr u st

,

a cr a b a g a i n The ca pta in a s ks him a bou t th e po ts Juan

. .

tell s h i m th a t th ey a r e a ll sa fe an d th a t th e ca p ta i n m ust ,

th a nk hi m for h i s wi t in so l ving th e p roblem of h ow to ca rry

two d ozen l a r g e pots a t th e sa m e ti me All th e r o b b er s are .

’
ea g er to s ee w h a t Ju a n s s ch em e w a s Wh en th ey find ou t w h a t .

Ju a n h as d on e a n d see th e h ol es in th e bottom of a ll th e po ts
, ,

th ey ca nno t h elp l a u g h i ng Th e ca p ta in h ow ever a ddr esses .

, ,

Jua n w ith a ll th e epith ets found in a com m on sl a ng d ictio n a r y .

Th e ca p ta in n ow d eci d es n ever to let Ju a n s ta y in th e h ouse

a l on e a n d fr o m th a t ti
,
m e on ta kes h i m wi th th em on th ei r

ex p ed i tion s .

Sever a l d a ys l a ter th e ca p ta i n ca ll s J u a n on e n ig h t a n d tells ,

hi m to g et r ea dy for th ey a r e g oi ng to r ob a cer ta in h o use

, .

They g o th r o u g h th e for es t a n d soon com e to a cl ea r ing i , n the ,

m i ddle of w h ich s ta nds a l a r g e n ipa h ouse Wh il e th ey a re .

s ti ll in th e th icket th e ca p ta in ca ll s Ju a n to h im a n d sa ys
, , ,
l
Ju a n g o in to th e silon g of th e h ouse an d see if th e peo ple
, ,

a r e a w a ke Now r em em ber i
. f you feel som eth i
, ng h o t it is a , ,

m an ; bu t i fi tis co ld i ti s a bo l o Do you und er s ta n d ?

,
"
J ua n .

"
a n sw er s Yes
, a n d o bed i en tly g oes to th e h o u se r e ea ti
, p n g ,

to h i m self th e o r d ers of th e ca p ta i n He ca utious ly g o es u n der .

th e h ou se an d l ooks a r o und
, After a w h i le so m eth in g h ot fa lls
.

on h i s b a ck He qu i ckly r un s a w a y a n d beg i
. n s to cr y Tao “
, , ,

Silo n g th e g rou n
, dfl oor of a li
Fi pi
n o h o u se . U s u a l ly i
t ha s on l y a d it fl r oor . a n d i
s
n ot fin i
sh e off d .
 Fi n o P opu la r Ta les
lipi .
34 3

ta o ! Ma n
"
Al l th e ro bber s g et fr i
, g h ten ed so ,

th ey r u n a w a y too After a few m i nu tes th ey com e tog eth er

. .

Seei ng th a t th ey a r e n ot pu rs ued th e ca p ta in ca lls Jua n a n d , ,

sa ys to h im
“
Jua n w h y did you fool u s ? No body is purs uing
, ,
”
us .

Well sa ys Ju a n , I fo llow ed yo ur or d ers You sa id th a t

, .

if I fel t so m eth i ng hot it w a s a m a n ; b u t if cold it w a s a bol o

, , .

I w en t in to th e s ilon g I looked up Th er e w a s a fa in t l i . h
g t .
,

a n d I s a w a l a r g e m a t o u tl ined on th e floor As I w a s l ooking a t .

”
it a h ot th i
, ng fell on m y ba ck Th en I r a n a w a y to w a r n you . .

“ "
Let u s see sa ys th e ca p ta i n im pa tien tly w h a t too th a t
, ,
”
is w hi ch h a s fa ll en on yo u r b a ck O n e of th e r o bber s l i g h ts .

Th e r o bbers ex a m i
'
a m a tch . ne J ua n s ba ck a n d th ey see o nly ,

a li ttl e l i
z a r d cl i
ng ing to h is w orn ou t ca m isa ( l oose th in cotton -
,

coa t) So m e o f th e r o bber s g et a ng r y a n d so m e la ug h a t
l
.
,

Ju an s fool is hn ess Th e ca pta in tell s Ju a n tha t h e m a y g o a w a y

’
.
,

for h e i s n ot w o r th a n yth i ng He a l so tell s Jua n n ot to tell .

a n ybody th a t h e h a s been w i th th em for i f h e does th ey w i ll , , ,

kill h im .

Jua n lea ves th e ba nd o f ro bbers a n d decides to l ive up in a ,

tr ee beca u se h e i
, s a ll a l on e h e sa ys He ta kes a low ba m boo , .

ta bl e a n d g oes up i n to a ver y l a rg e m a ng o tr ee He ch ooses -

.

a w ell h i dden pl a ce a n d th ere he ties h is ta ble fir m ly to the

-
,

br a n ch es He s pends th e da y i. n th e n ei g hb o r n
i g to w n s l oo k in g
for food b u t a t n i g h,t h e co m es b a ck to t h e tr ee an d s l ee p s th ere .

Ea r ly on e m orn ing Ju a n w a kes up a n d hea rs fa in t w h isper s .

He looks d ow n a n d sees two m en ta lki , ng ver y ea r nes tly tog eth er .

One i s ca r r yi ng a b a g o f m oney Ju a n l oosen s his ta ble a n d .

l ets it fa ll on the m en I t m a kes a lo ud cr a s h a n d th ey r u n .

,

a wa y Ju a n qu ickly cl im bs down th e tr ee a n d m a kes off w ith

.

th e b a g o f m o n ey He n ow d eci des to l ive in tow n After he

. .

h a s fo und a ba rr i o th a t s u i ts h i
m h e buys a h o u se a ca r a bao , , ,

a n d a ca r t He l ives pea cefully in h is n ew h ouse Som etim es

. .

h e w or ks ; b u t h e s pend s m os t of h i s ti m e s leepi ng for h e is a ,

ver y l a z y fell ow .

O n e m or n i ng the ca pita n of the tow n sends a tow n cr ier

a r o und to a n n o un ce a n or d er to th e peo ple The tow n cr i er .

sa ys Th e ca pi
, ta n or d er s you a ll to s pr i n kl e w i th w a ter th e
l The na rra tor h a s pro a l m a de the b by or i
gin a l ep i
s ode a ttle m ore deli
li a te here.

Th ere are s ten ci

n co ns i
i n the p resen t for m
es i of the stor y : a l izar d wou ld feel cold . n ot h ot ;
b id
es es . i
t w ou l d h d ly
ar rem a i
n cl i
ngi
ng to J ua n s ’
cos t as he r u sh ed th r ou g h the for est .
Clear ly, n g other
som eth i za r d fell on
th an a li Ju n.
344 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k Lore S oci
ety -
.

s tr eet i
n fr on t o f yo ur h ouses Ju a n ta kes a s m a l l cocoa n u t
.

s h ell full o f w a ter a n d g oes ou t a n d s pr i

, nkles th e str eet I n th e .

a f ter n oo n th e ca p i ta n of th e tow n g oes a bo u t th e s tr eets to

see i f the peo pl e h a ve o beyed hi s or d ers He sees th a t ever y.

body h a s obeyed h im ex cep t Ju a n He g oes to Jua n s h o use .

’
,

a n d a s ks h i m w h y h e h a s n ot s pr i
tell s h i m w h a t h e h a s d o ne
h e m us t u se m u ch w a ter
nkled t h e street ; a n d J u a n
The ca pita n th en tell s h i
. m th a t
As soo n a s th e ca p i
. ta n h as left ,

Jua n beg in s to pou r bu ckets of w a ter on th e street B u t w hen .

th e w a ter a ll fl ow s a w a y Ju a n th i , n ks th a t h i s i rri g a tio n is n ot

g oo d e n o u g h : so h e t a k es h is c a r t a n d c a r a b a o a n d w it h t h e ir,

h elp h e d i g s a l a r g e d it c h A l l .n ig h t lo n g Ju a n w o r k s fill in g t h e

d itch w ith wa ter The nex t m or n ing w h en the ca pita n sees th e

.
,

d itch he becom es ver y a ngr y a n d s u m m ons Ju an Ju an ex

, , .

cuses h i m self by sa yi ng th a t th e l a ws o f the town a r e n ot sta ted

cl ea r ly So th e ca pi
. ta n h as to let Ju a n g o .

Wh en Sund a y com es Ju a n g oes to chu rch In th e pu lpit

, .

th e pr i est tell s th e peo pl e to p u t a l i ttl e cross on th ei r s tr eet

door s Wh en Ju a n g oes h om e h e ta kes a piece of tin tin g ( th e

.
,

ri b of a cocoa nu t l ea f) a n d m a kes a l i
-
ttl e cr oss a bo u t two i n ch es

hi g h. W h e n t h e p r i
e s t m a k es h is r o und s h e d oe s n ot see, t h e

cr o ss for i
, ti s so s m a ll He a s ks Ju a n w h er e h i
. s cr oss i s J ua n .

s h ow s h i m ; a n d th e pr i es t tell s h i m to m a ke a l a r g e on e fo r ,

iti s too s m a ll a n d th e evi

, l s p ir its w ill n ot b e a ble to see it J u a n .

ta kes h i s bol o a n d cu ts tw o l o n g p i eces o f ba m boo Th i s ti m e hi s .

cr oss i s s o l a r g e th a t th e pr i
, es t ca nn ot see i t ei th er Th e p r ies t
, .

becom es so a ng r y a t J u a n s s tup idity th a t h e ex pel s h im fr o m

’
,

th e tow n Ju a n g ood n a tur edly g oes a w a y He sell s h is

.
-
.

h ou se a n d w i
, th h i s ca r t a n d ca r a ba o h e m oves on to a n o th er

tow n .

He settles i n a ba r r i o w h er e th e s oi l is r ed H er e h e l ives .

sever a l w eeks b u t he i
, s a l w a ys l on g i n g to g o ba ck to h i s o ld

h om e He fin a lly sa ys to h im self th a t h e is g oing th ere in s p ite

.

o f th e a n g er o f th e pr i es t He fill s h i
. s ca r t w i th red ea r th a n d ,

h itch es h is ca r a ba o to it He s its in th e m iddle of h is ca r t

.
,

a n d sl ow ly d r i ves to th e tow n w h er e h e h a d l i ved befor e As h e .

is dr i vi n g down th e m a in str eet in th e a ftern oon w ho m s h o u l d ,

“
h e m eet b u t th e p r i es t h i m se lf ! Th e pr i es t cr i es Ju a n so , ,

i ! i
’

y o u a r e h er e a g a n D dn t I t ell y o u th a t y o u m u s t n ev e r tr ea d
th e soi l of th is tow n a g a in ? I f you do n ot g o a w a y I s h a ll te l l ,

th e ca p i ta n to i m pr i so n you .
 Mem oirs of the A m er i
c n
a Folk -L or e Soci
ety .

cu ts a piece of ba m boo a n d m a kes a w ood en m ea s ur e j u s t

,

l ike the o th er on e Th is ta kes him a long tim e ; b u t w h en h e

. .

h a s fin i s h ed h e fill s th e tw o m ea s ur es w i
, th d r y r i ce a n d p u ts ,

th em i n th e fir e Wh il e th e m ea s u r es a re bur nin g the g r a n d

.
,

m o th er a rr i ves Sh e ca ll s Ju a n a n d a s ks h i
. m i f th e r i ce i s ,

r ea dy for s h e i
, s ver y hun g r y Jua n tell s h er th a t it is qu ite .

r ea dy Th e o ld wo m a n sees th a t it i
. s ver y br i g h t i n th e h o u se ,

a n d s h e fea r s th a t i t i s o n fir e Ju a n s a ys th a t it is th e two .

m ea s u res bu r n i ng Wh en th e o ld w om a n sees w h a t Ju a n h a s
.

don e sh e becom es a n g r y H ow ever sh e con tr o l s h erself a n d

, .
, ,

tea ch es Ju a n h ow to cook r i ce Und er th e s uper vis io n o f the old

.

w o m a n J u a n ta kes a n ea r th en p o t cl ea n s i
, t a n d pu ts r i ce , ,

i n to it Then h e pu ts w a ter in to th e po t a n d fin a lly puts

. ,

th e p ot on th e fir e Th e old w o m a n g oes to res t tell i

. n g him ,

to w a tch th e r i ce After a w h i . l e s he ca ll s to Jua n a n d sa ys , ,

Di d you cover the p o t [tin u n gtu n ga n m o na a n g pa li ok ] ?

1

”
No I d i , d n ot sa ys Ju a n , .

Cover th e p o t th en [tu n gtu n ga n m o]

, s h e cr ies .

Th a t i s i m poss i bl e sa ys Ju a n , .

Why im possibl e ? cr ies th e old w om a n

”
Th e r ice w i ll .

h a ve a sm oky ta s te i f you don t

’
.

“ "
All r ig h t s a y,s Ju a n g et tin g up H e ,g oes to t h e fi r e pl a ce .

a n d th i nks for a l ittle w h il e Th en h e j u m ps up to th e ra f ters .

of th e cei l ing w h ich a re b u t tw o feet a bove h is hea d He g oes

, .

j u s t a bove th e p ot a djus ts h is feet ver y w ell a n d th en l ets him

, ,

self fa ll The p o t i
. s b r o ken to pi eces Th e o ld w o m a n w a kes .

up a t th e no ise o f the cr a s h a n d sa ys Wh a t is th a t J u a n ? , , ,

I s th e r i ce coo ked ?

Why d o yo u a s k m e th a t? s a ys Ju a n im p a tien tly You .

to ld m e to s tep o n th e p o t a n d n ow yo u a s k m e i , f the r i ce i s

coo ked !

Sh e g oes o u t to th e ki tch en ; a n d w h en s h e sees h er b r o ken

p o t, th e o ld w o m a n be co m es tr uly a n g r y S h e d r iv e s J u an .

fr om the hou se tell ing h im th a t h e ca n n o t l ive w ith h er a n y

,

m ore beca u se h e i s too tr o ubl eso m e .

Ju a n n ow g oes off a n d w a nder s fr om tow n to tow n So m e

, .

ti m es h e i s o bl ig ed t o w o r k in o r d er to g e t a n y th in g to ea t .

Fi n a lly h e com es to a l a r g e tow n w h er e th e peopl e w ea r s h oes

Tn n tu n g i
s th e ea r th en cover of a n ea rth en pot . Th e ver bd er i
ve df
ro m it, im a m ,
” “
n g s : on e i so m eth i th e oth er i ”
h a s tw o m ea n i s to cover ng . s to step on or over so m e th i
ng .
H en ce Jua n mi
sta k e
'
s .
 lipin o P opu la r Ta les
Fi .
34 7

a n d ca rr y u m br ell as He becom es en ch a n ted w ith the sh oes

.

a n d u m b r ell a s : so h e w or ks h a r d a n d s a ves en ou g h m o ney to ,

buy both B u t he s ur pr ises ever y on e w ho sees h im ; for he

.

ca rr i es h i s s hoes d a n g l i ng a t h is bel t a n d his u m brell a closed ,

und er h is a r m Som e of th e m or e cu ri
. o u s fell ow s foll ow a fter

hi m . Th ey see th a t a l tho ug h it r a i , ns or the s u n is ver y h ot ,

Ju a n n ever open s h is u m brell a ex cep t w h en h e s its to r es t under

a tr ee ; a n d a l so th a t h e n ever pu ts hi s s h oes on w h en h e i s on

d r y l a nd b u t o nly w h en h e i
, s cr os s i ng a r iver At l a s t they .

“
as k h i m w h y h e d oes s u ch fool i s h thi ng s Jua n sa ys Don t ’
.
,

y o u k n o w th a t th e r e a r e m a ny w o r m s a n d l oo se br a n ch es in a

tree ? If for ex a m pl e a s n a ke s h ould fa ll d ow n w ell i

, , t w ould , ,

hi t m y u m br ell a As for th e s h oes i

. t i s better for on e to w ea r ,

hi s s h oes w h en h e cr o ss es a r i ver fo r th er e h e ca nn o t see th é ,

”
g r o und . T h e p eo pl e l ea v e h im a l o n e ; b u t so m e p erso n s th ink
he i s wi se a n d i , mi ta te h i s ex a m pl e .

Ju a n g oes on w ith h is tr a vels At l a s t he fa ll s in love He . .

ser ves th e g i a n d beco m es th ei He a l w a ys

’
r l s p a r en ts , r coo k .

keeps the bes t pa r ts of th e ch icken for th e g ir l a n d h im self a n d ,

g i v es o nly t h e b o n es t o t h e p a re n t s T h ey a s k hi m w h y h e .

“
g iv es th em t h e w o rs t p a r ts Ju a n r e pl ies
. I d o t h a t b e ca u se ,

y o u a r e o u r s upp o r t ers T h e b o n e.s c o m p a r ed w ith a h o u se , ,

”
a r e th e fo und a ti o n a n d fr a m ew or k Th e pa ren ts find Ju a n s
’
.

r ea so n i ng so g ood th a t th ey a t once m a rr y th eir d a ug h ter to

,

hi m . After th i s Ju a n i s a g ood a n d sen s i ble fellow a n d does ,

n ot do foo l i s h th i n g s a n y m or e .

NO TES .

Th i
s lon g loosely co n s tru cted
,
-
d ro ll i s n o t o f a n y fix ed len g th , a o

cord i n g to th e n a r ra to r ; a d ven tu r es a re a dded or om i tted a t th e ca p ri ce

o f th e s tor y- tell er I t wou ld b e u seless to a ttem p t to pa ra llel th e ta le

.

a s a who l e b eca u se o f th e ver y n a tu re of i

, ts com posi tion Th e sepa ra te .

in ci den ts however , w e m a y ex a m i
, n e, poi n ti n g ou t a n a l og u es a lrea d y

in pri n t a n d ci
, tin g o th ers fr o m m y ow n m a n u scr i p t co ll e ction .

( 1 ) I f it s m el ls b a d , it
'
s dea d
"
T h is j ok e i
s c o m
. m o n a m o n g th e

Ta g a l ogs a n d P a m pa n g a n s , a n d for m s th e b a s i s of m a n y o f th ei r

com i ca l s to r i
es As a n ex a m p le I w i
. ll g ive the open in g of a story
tl ed s Adven tu res n a rra ted b y P a u l o Ma cas a et,
”
en ti Ri ca rdo a n d hi

a Ta g a log from B a ta n g a s :

R I C AR DO AND HI S ADVENTU RES .

O n ce h
t ere w as a w i
do w w h o ha d a so n n a m ed Ri
ca rd o . O n e d a y the
m ot h er sa i
d to the b o y,
“
Ri
ca rdo, I wa n t you to go to sc ooh l , so h
t a t yo u
 348 Mem oirs o f the Am eri
ca n Fol k L or e Soci
ety -
.

may l h in g a b o t o
ea r n so m et ligio Ri c do w wi ll i g g h so u u r re n. ar as n e n ou ,

he to k h i Ca tech im
o d s t t I tea d of goi g to th h l how v
s an se ou . ns n e s c oo , e er ,

he we t t a ignh b i g po
o d d l itne
e ed to th m y c k
or n
o i g f th n an s n e err r a n o e

f ogr Wh l v o clock ca m h w t h m a d t ld hi m oth b o t

s. en e e en
’
e, e en o e n o s er a u

th ea l school
e r Th poo wom w a s v y h p p y thi ki g th t h
. e r an er a , n n a er so n

w pe d
as s i g h i timn w i ly R ic do took g ea t d lig h t i j i i g th
n s e se . ar r e n o n n e

ch o f th f og fo h i m th e g v him food
ru s o e r s, w d f rhi d i lig ce s o r a e a s a re ar or s en .

O m o i g the wo m
ne k ed h
rn n so to rea d h i le o Th b oy an as er n s ss n. e

o pe ed hi C a t ch im a d c oa k ed ve y lou dly
n s e Hi m oth w a gl d w he
s n r r . s er s a n

she h a d tha t h r o co l d c oa k
e r w ll b eca u se she tho g h t th t tha t w a s
e s n u r so e , u a

th e w a y to rea d the b ook .

As R i ca r do w a s p a i n g wi t hi l y
s sch oo m a tes o n e da y, h e sa w a d ea d ca th l .

ll y
I t sm e ed ver b a d , so he left the po n d a n d wen t om e He sa i d Mo t er , h . , h
I sa w a ca t ly
in g n ea r o u r sc oo I t h a d a ver b a d od o r h l
”
The m oth er . y .

sa i d, My so n , rem em b er t is : w e n ever a b od s m e ls b a d , you m a y b e h h y l

s u re t a t i h
t i s dea Ri ca rd o repea ted the wor d s of hi s m o t er m a n h y
ti m es to i h l
m se f a n d ea r n ed t em b y ea r t , l h h .

O n e d a y, w en h e w a s o n h i h s wa y to the po n d , R i ca r do s m e ed so m et i ng ll h
ha d He oo k ed in ever di
. l r ecti y
o n , b u t he cou ld n ot fin d a n b od So h e y y .

sa i d , Si n ce I
ca n n o t fin d a n y dea d b od ere, m u s t b e the o n e w h o i s yh I
dea d He la y dow n o n the g r ou n d , a n d sa i
. d, R i ca r d o i s d ea d ! ca n n ot I
ea t a n y m ore 0 how u n a p p . am !
"
i h
l e he w a s i yI
n g th ere, h e sa w a Wh ly
ri p g
e u a v a a b o v e h is e a d H e e x c a im e d hD e li
c io u s f
.r u it, you a re ve r l , y
fortu n a te ! I f wer e a l i ve I
wo u l d ea t yo u He w i I
s ed to g et th e fr u i
, t, . h
b u t he d a red n ot do so A
fter a w ie w en he cou d n o o n g er s m ell the
. hl , h l l
sti n k h e g o t u p a n d wen t o m e a n d to d h i
, s m o t er h i h
s s to r , l h y .

[As the res t of the s tor is n o t d ro a n d is in n o w a y co n nected w it o u r y ll , h

p r ese n t t a e , it m a yl b e g iv e n i n a b s t ra ct ] .

O n e da y R i ca rdo ea r n ed fr o m hi l
s m o t er h ow hi s fa t er h a d b een k i ed h h ll
b y a gi a n t w h o ha d a fter w a r d s ca r ri ed a w a his si s ter Th e b oy se t ou t y .

in sea r c o f the g i h ant An old m a n a o n g the w a y, w o m h e tr ea ted k in dl y ,

. l h
g a v e h im tw o b o tt l es o f m a g ic w a t e r , o n e t a t w ou d m a k e in v u n e r a b l e h l l
th e m a n w ho s o u d d ri nk ih l
t, a n o t er t a t w o u d ta k e a w a a ll the s tr e n g th h h l y
o f hi m o n w ose ea d i h h
t s ou d b e po u r ed h l
La ter a ep ro u s old w o m a n to . l
h
w om h e g a ve so m e food p r esen ted hi m wi t a m a gi c sa dd e t a t w o u d h l h l
ca rry h i m t r ou g h
the a i r h
So eq u ip p ed h e soo n a r ri ved a t th e ca ve o f
.
,

th e g i ant He s u cceeded i
. n kii n g t a t seven ea ded m o n s ter a n d ill n h -
h
freei n g hi s si s ter a n d m a n o t er p r i so n ers y h
Ten b a r re s of m o n e w er e . l y
fo u n d i n th e ca ve O f t ese , R i h
ca rdo too k two ; th e res t h e g a ve to th e
.

p r iso n e r s h e h a d f r e ed L a te r R ic a r d o m a r r ie.d a b ea u ti f u w o m a n n a m ed l
L u ci
a .

(2 ) Des tru cti n i

on of the si g n g ri An other Ta ga log form of th is
ce pot
-
.

i den t l ik ew i se con n ected w i th J u a n s ex per i le cook fo r a

en ces w h i
’
n ci ,

b a n d o f r o b b ers wa s coll ected from Sin g a lon g Ma n i , la I t w a s , .

rela ted b y C r i sa n to H A r a g o n a n d ru n s a s fo ll ow s .
,

JU A N AN D THE RO BB ER S .

h
O n ce t er e w a s a o u n g m a n n a m ed J u a n w ho eft h i y
s p a ren ts to see k , l
hi
s for tu n e . Wh l
ie he w a s w a n d erin g i
n the m o u n ta i n s , he r ea c ed th e ca v e h
of s om e ro b b er s J u a n decided to b e a r ob ber , a n d a sk ed the c ief to a d m it
. h
Th e ch i ef a ccep ted J
’
ll
um . u an .
350 Mem oirs of the Am er ica n Fol k Lor e Society
-
.

h y cou ld ea ily ob e v w ha t th people i id w e d i g A th y a t

t e s s r e e ns e er o n . s e s

th ere w i ti g th y sa w two
a n , v t p ck i g
e o m th i g w h i h m d
ser an s a n s e n c see e

to b v y he vy
er Th y b l ived th t th b u dle co ta i ed m h m
ea . e e e y a e n n n uc on e ,

so th y deci
e d d t t l i t e o s ea .

I th d d
n f i
e g h t ea f th o bb n w t p i to th h u one o too k e ro ers en u n e o s e,

the b dlun a d p d i
e, t t hi c m p
n i b l w
a sse Wh h j i d the o s o a n on e o . en e o ne

o th th ey too k to th i h l
er , ca yi g th b dl b tw ee th m
e r ee s , th ei rr n e un e e n e on r

sh ould Wh th y h d g e m e w y th
ers . en e i th a b g on t g et so a , e on e n e r ea r e an o

c i
uro t w h t th y w e ca yi g
us as o a o h c te p en i g i
er th m t rr n , s e u an o n n e a

th t w
a w pp das d th e c t t
ra e T hi g ea t
a ro u n p i h ticed o n en s . o s r su r r se, e no

a h mau t ti k
n t; dh
oe s t c h t d M m m ! Th e
ou an ea o n ce s ou e , an, an, an e on

i f
n t t k th i h
ro n oot w i g th t
s s m
ou w h i g th m
as a a rn n a so e on e as c as n e , so

th ly ti d t h t M m ! b t h i “ ”
h e ra n f t Th a s er . e o er o n co n n ue o s ou , an, an u s

c mp
o io anp i
d tt
n tia t hi m F i
no a a lly h i f t
en ca g h t i
on t h oo t
o . n s oo u n e r

o f a t d h f ll d w
r ee, a n Wh h u d to d th e it ti th e tw o
e e o n. en e n ers o s ua on ,

vi ll i l ft the b
a ns dl a d
e w y un e n ra n a a .

(5) Fri
g hten i
n g r obbers u n der tree . Thi
s i den t i
n ci des p rea d
s wi ,

and h as m a de its wa y i
n to m a n Ma rchen y y l
c c es . It i
s di
s ti
n ctly

com i
c i n i
ts n a tu re For r eferen ces to its . occu rren ce , see Koh ler
B o l te, 99 a n d 34 1 (s u b
“
Her a b wa fen der Cra n e , 380 n ote ,

I 9 ; Cos q u i
n , I : 2 43 f ; . a n d es pecia lly B o l te P o l i
vk a , I : 52 1 52 5 (o n
— -

Gri
mm , No . ep i
sod e F .

Wa lkin g on his own s oil

( )
6 . Th i
s tr i
ck of J u a n s we ha ve a lr ea d y
’

“ ”
th i
m et w i n Ki n g Ta s i
o No , .
7 ( )
b .

(7 ) Cookin g ri
ce -
m ea s u res . Ju a n s ’
su n ders ta n di
mi n g a b ou t coo k

i
n g tw o m ea s u res of r i
ce i
s l
a m os t ex a ct ly p a ra lleled in a Sa n ta l s to r y
in B om p a s , No I Th e s tor y is . . tled
en ti B a j u n a n d J hote
“
and ,
”

th i
s i es o f n ood l e l i
s th e fir s t of a ser i ke i
n ci
den ts -

O n ce u po n a ti h
m e t ere w er e tw o b ro t h er s n a m ed Baj u n and Jh o r e .

B a j u n w a s m a rr i
ed , a n d on e da y h i fe fe
s wi ll ill of fever
So a s h e w as .
,

goi
ng pl ou g hi g n , B a j u n to d l h
J e to
o r s a t y th m a o e a n d coo k the d i n n er , a n d

h e b a de h i
m pu t in to th e po t t ree m ea s u res h of r i
ce Jh o r e s.ta d at om e
i h ,

a nd fill
ed th e po t w it w a ter a n d p u t it on h l h
to b o i; t en h e w en t to oo k l
for ri
ce -
m eas u r es . Th er e wa s on ly on e i
n th e h o u se ; a n d Jh ore h
t o u g h t,
“
My b ro th er to ld m e to p u t i
n th ree m ea s u r es , a nd i
f I on ly p ut i
n o ne, I
s h ll
a g e t i
n to tro u b l e. So h e w en t to a n ei
g hb or s
’
h o u se a n d b o rr o w ed
two m o r e m ea s u r es , a n d p u t t h em i
n to th e po t, a n d l eft h
t em to bo i l . At
n oo n Ba j u n
b a ck fro m p ou g i
ca m e
ng, l h a nd fo u n d Jho r e s tirr in g th e p o t, a nd

a s k ed h i
m w et er th e r i h h
ce w a s r ea d y .
Jh ore m a de n o a n s w er : so Ba j u n
too k th e s p oo n fr om h i
m , sa yi gn ,
“
Let me fee ho w i l
t i s g etti
ng on ! but
”

w h en rr ed wi
he s ti t h th e s poo n , he h ea r d a r a tt i l
n g n oi
se ; a n d w en h e o o k ed h l
in to th e po t, h e fo u n d n o r ice, b u t o n t ree w ood en m ea s u res fl o a ti ng ly h
a bo u t . h
T en h e tu rn ed a n d a b u sed Jh or e for h i s fo ; b u t J h o re sa id, lly
“
y l l
You o u r se f to d m e to p u t in t ree m ea s u r es a n d I a ve do n e so ”
So h , h .

B a j u n ha d to set to w or k a n d coo k the r ice m se f, a n d g o t h i

i s din n er v e r
y h l
 li
Fi pin o P opu la r Ta les .
351

s l u di
Th i cro u s m i
s ta k e s u gg es ts ss i
a n ot di m la r d ro ll of the Tin g u ia n
i
( C o l e , 1 98 , No 86) .

A m a n w en t to the o t er tow n . h Wh en h e g ot tth e peo p e were h ere, l

ea ting b a m b oo s p ro u ts (la b on ) He a s k ed . h
t em w a t t e a te, a n d t e h hy hy
sa id pa n galda n en ( th e b a m b oo a dder i s ca ed a lda n ) He wen t o m e a n d l ll . h
ha d n ot i h ce : so h e cu t hi
n g to ea t b u t r i s a dder i n to s m a pi
eces , a n d coo k ed l ll
a ll da y, b u t th e b a m b oo w a s s ti ver a rd He co u d n ot wa it o n ger , so ll yh . l l
he ca ed hi ll
s fr i
en ds , a n d a s k ed w h y h e co u d n o t m a k e it ik e the peo p e l l l
ha d i n th e o t er tow n T en hi h
en d s a u g ed a n d to d h i
s fr i m hi. s mi s ta k e.h l h l
F or a n a m os t l i ca l Sa n ta l s tor y ,
den ti see B om pa s , No cx . x rv, Th e
Foo l and s Di
hi n n er .
”

( )
8 Th e la s t tw o ep i
sodes wea ring o f s hoes on ly when crossing

river s a n d ra isin g u m br ella u n d er tr ee, and vi

the di si
on o f the fowl
we h a ve discu ssed in the n otes to No 7 (see p p 63 64 Ad d . .
—
,

to th e b i b liog r a p h y g iven there B om pa s No cx x vm The F a ther , , .

,

n l a w s Vi n s a close p a r a ll el to th e firs t ep i
”
i sit whi ch co n ta i sode
’
-
.
,

I n co n cl u s ion I w i ll g ive tw o other F ilip in o n ood le s tories which , ,

whi le n o t va ria n ts of a n y of those given a b ove ha ve the sa m e com ,

bin a ti o n o f s tu p i di ty a n d s u cces s as tha t fou n d i n

“
J u a n the FO O 1 ”
.

Th e fir s t i
s an Iloca n o s to r y n a r r a ted b y P res en ta ci
on B ersa m i
n of

B a n g u ed , A b ra , a n d ru n s thu s
J U AN SA DU I ‘‘
.

J ua n y l y f ll w Hi m th w a po ld w m a
Sa d u t wa s a ver az e o . s o er as or o o n,

wh o h l
ea r n ed t ei r i ving byh ki g ic Wha t h d h d yw s us n r e. s e ea r n e ea c a a

h dly
ar g h t l t
en o u th m til t h ot Wh as b o y J e w l
unf t a t e n ex . en a , ua n as e

h m t w t h v th i h
o e o a c d ch i ck
o O
er d y e r h i m th w
en s a n t en s . ne a , as s o er en

t w k
o h t ld J
or , s to ta k c
e o f th li ttl ch i
ua nck les t a h w k h ld e a re o e e s, a s ou

g et th m N w J
e . h d be t ld th i
o ,m y tim es th t h h d g ow
uan a en o s so an , a e a r n

ti dre f w t h i g h ik
o a c q ntly w h c h i m th we t a wa y h
c en s : co n se u en , en s o er n , e

tid ll th
e a h ik d he c t g th d h
c en s a n g th em a t ee H
en s e d i
d o e er , a n un on r .

th i b s, h th
eca u s e g h t t h t b i d e f p y oul d th m th a I noth e r o re co u see e ere . n

e v i g wh
en n h i m th
, c m en h m h k d if v yth i g w a ll ig h t
s o er a e o e, s e as e e er n as r .

I tid ll th h d ch ik b y th ei l g a d h
“
J i
u a n sad N , a na , e a eg en s a n c en s r e s, n un

th m i th t t
e n th t th y w
a ld b e f
ree , so Th m th a k ed w h e e
e ou sa e. e o er a s r

th y w
e J er e .h w d th m t h b t th y w a ll d d Th m oth
ua n s o e e o er , u e ere ea . e er

w g y
as a n d whi r pp d ,J an v y v ly e ua n er se ere .

Tim p d e d J a s se g w p t b
on , a n
e m ; b u t h w ua n l y sre u o a an e a s as az a

e v er H w t d t g t m
. e ied b t th
an e g i l h ho d p ic k
e ed t wa rr th , u e r e a ou as e

d ght
au f ih m
er o ; d h i m th
a r c t ld hi m th t h w s
an an t a g ood s o er o a e a no

m t h f
a c th g il f or th y w e v y poe r a d b esi
, or des h w e t l y
er er or , n , , e as oo az

to su pp t wi f or Sti ll J a w d te m i ed to m a rr y the gil

e. ua n d h as e r n r , an e
th ough t t w y t g t h
ou O
a d y J a we t to wo k i th fi eld
a o e er . ne a u n n r n e s,

an d d p
ea r n e ta Th a t d y h ea
ese ed .th Th h a i d to hi
e n ex a e rn a no er . en e s s

m tho N er , pl g t th f tha na , f I es Ca ea se og a ( f o u ch w
o th e a er o n nn n or s as e
na m f th g il )
e o d bo e w th i r l p ( h lf cocoa t h ll ed fo
an rr o e r sa u a a nu -
s e us r
m i g)
ea s u r n Th m th w
. t d I e k ed he w h o ha d se t for the
o er en , an n es a s r n
352 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk L ore Soci
ety - .

sa l u p . The h
m ot er told h er tha t h er so n h a d j u st Juan wa s a m ercha n t tha t
a rr ived fr o m a s u cces sfu tr i p l
80 the sa l u p wa s en t . en retu r n i n g th e l . Wh
m ea s u e, J u a
r n pu t t h e t w o p es eta s in th e us k h
of t e cocoa n u t s ell , a n d
-
h h
l
to d hi s m o t er to ta k e i h t b a ck to n es , p es eta s a n d a ll en I n es ex . Wh I
am i l
n ed th e sa u p , s he fo u n d the p es eta s , a n d to d her fa t er a ll a b o u t th em l h .

l
Not o n g a fterw a rds J u a n sen t h i s m o t er a g a i n to b orrow the m ea s u re h .

A g a in J u a n r e tu r n ed it w it m o n e s ti c ki n g in th
h e u s k o f t h ey s ell T hi s h h .

h e di d severa ti l
m es , u n ti a t a s t n es s fa t er b e i
’
l l I
eved t a t J u a n w a s ver y h l h
rich h
J u a n n ow ha d a c a n ce to ta k wit I n es s fa t er a b o u t his da u g ter ,
.
’
l h h h
a n d of co u rse th e old m a n a ccep ted h i s p ropos a im m ed i a te So J u a n l ly .

a nd I
n es were m a rr i ed .

A
fter t ei r m a rr i h a g e, w en the old m a n fo u n d o u t t a t hi h s n ew son i - n h
la w wa s n o t o n ver p o o r , ly
b u t a so v y
e r a z , h e r e p e n te d o fl h is ra sh ness yl y .

ll
H owever , b e co m pe ed b o t J u a n a n d h is wife to g o wor k o n hi h s far m .

h
O n ce, w en n es wa s ta k in g h er si I es ta , m a n wi ld cock s a n d ens ca m e to y h
ea t th e r i ce w i c h h
s he h a d p u t i n th e s u n to d r y J u a n wa s too la zy to .

g e t u p a n d d r iv e t e m a w a so h e h too k I n es s g y
o d, a i
r p in a n d t h r ew it
’
l h
a t th e b i r ds en . Wh
n es a wok e, s h e m i I ssed h er ai rp i n J u a n to d h er h . l
h
w a t h e h a d do n e wi t i t She sco ded h i h l
m so severe , t a t h e fe t h u r t, a n d
. ly h l
b eg a n to w eep b i tter , for even hi s wi ly
fe d i s i k ed h i m l .

Th e n ex t da y J u a n w en t to oo k for the a i rp i l
n a t th e p a ce w ere he h l h
h a d t r ow n ih t To h i s g r ea t s u r p ri
. se , h e fo u n d a b u s wi t g o d en b ra n ch es , h h l
a n d o n on e of t em wa s th e a i h r pi n m m ed i a te h
he ca ed hi s wi. fe I Th ey ly ll .

p u l el
d u p t h e b u s , a n d d i s co v er e h
d a t i t s r oo ts a j fu ll of g old a n d s ilver
a r

m on e y I
Now n es wa s ver p r o u d of h er u s b a n d s u ck
. y T e w en t h ’
l . hy
to th e tow n to te t ei r fa t er o f t eill h r g ood for tu n e h h
F ro m n ow o n , the .

old m a n n o o n g er l h
a ted J u a n , b u t oved h i m , a n d g a ve h i m a ll hi ls p r o p er t y
to s u pervi se .

h
T u s J u a n Sa d u t b eca m e a r ic m a n wit o u t a n y effor t F or tu n e fa vors h h .

th e a z l y so m eti m es .

Th e o ther s tor y com es fr om Ar ch ipela g o from the h

ot er en d o f th e ,

th e p r ovi n ce o f M i sa m i s I t wa s n a r r a ted b y A n ton i o C os i

. n of

Ta g oloa n M i sa m i s and i
, s a Vi sa ya n ta l e , As m a y ea s i ly b e seen .
,

iti s di s ta n tly r el a ted to G r i m m No 7 A G ood B a r g a in F o r th e , .

, .

sa l e to a n i m a ls m m s n o tes ; C lo u s ton
“
com i c ep i sode see G r i B ook
’
, ,

o f N ood l es l l
” “
p 1 4 8 ; a,n d B o te P.o i
v k a I : 6 0 F or th e s a le t o -
, .

sod e b e low
”
s ta tu e in ci de n t wh i ch i s a n alog o u s to o u r th i
, r d ep i s ee ,

C lou s ton ibi d p 1 46 ; C ra n e 379 n o te I 2 ; Cos qu i

, ., . n 2 : 178 The , , , .

s tor y fo ll ow s :

J U AN LO CO .

Ag r ea t m an yy ea r s a g o t er e h l iv ed a cer ta i
n l h
foo t a t w en t b y th e n a m e
of J ua n
Loco He wa s the so n of a b u tc er ,
. h n so fa r a s the fo o wi
i n g ex ll
p er ien ces o f his a re co n cer n ed ; h e h a d m a n y h
o t er ex perien ces t a t a re h
n o t r eco r ded i n t i s s to r h y .

l
J u a n co u d n o t b e in tr u s ted wit a n t in g he w a s s u c a d u n ce ; b u t h yh , h
o ne d a y he p ers u a d ed hi s fa t er to let h i m g o o u t a n d s e m ea t h So a b o u t ll .

eig ht in t h e m o r n in g J u a n e ft o m e w it a b o u t t ree p e l
s o s
’
w o r thho f p or k , h h
ll
fu o f m a n a o pefu ex pecta ti y h on fter a vi l n g w a n d ered t r o u h m a n
g y. A h h
354 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Fol k Lor e Soci
-
ety .

to opera te, th ere w ere only th ree stores . He w ent to ea ch on e

of th em d epos ited tw enty pesos sa ying to the ow n er of

and ,
“
ea ch , I w ill depos it tw en ty pesos in you r store an d to m or r ow ,
-

a f ter n oo n I wi ll br ing som e fr iend s h ere with m e We wil l .

per h a ps ta ke som e refr es h m en ts or buy som e g ood s b u t in a n y ,

case I w i ll see to it tha t th e tota l a m oun t of th e th ing s w e ta k e

is n ot over the tw en ty pesos Then w h en w e lea ve do n o t
.
, ,

as k m e to p a y you for th e th i ng s I w ill s im ply m a ke you a .

b ow w i th m y h a t a n d you r a ttend an ts s hould th a nk m e w i

, th
m u ch co u r tes y Th a t m ere b ow w i
. th m y h a t i s to b e th e p a y

m en t . You m a y keep th e twen ty pesos b u t you m u s t a l so ,

keep th is l ittle pl a n a secr et The own ers o f th e th ree stores

.

pr om ised .

The nex t da y Jua n w as w a lki ng i n the s tr ee t w i th h is pa i n ted

“ ”
h a t on w h en o n e of h i
, s fr i
end s m et h i m H a ll oo J u a n ! .
,
"
ex cl a im ed h i s fr i end w h ere d id you g et th a t fu nn y h a t ?
,
“
Jua n looked ser ious a n d sa id Don t b e foo l ish ! Do n t
’ ’
, ,

y o u k n o w th a t t h is h a t is th e o nly m ea n s I h a v e o f ea r n in g a
”
livi ng ?
Mea n s of l iving ? r etu rn ed th e oth er .

Why of cou r se I ca n g o in a n y s tor e ta ke a nyth i

, . ng I ,
”
plea se a n d p a y for it with a m er e b ow of m y h a t
, .

B y th i s ti m e two o th er fr i end s of J u a n h a d co m e a l o n g a n d ,

th ey too w er e s ur p r i sed to see w h a t Ju a n h a d o n h i s h ea d .

To convi n ce th em of th e m a r vellous ch a r a cter of th e h a t J u a n ,

took h i s fr iend s to o n e o f th e s tor es Th er e they sa t d o w n a n d.

,

Ju a n or dered som e r efr es h m en ts Th ey a te m u ch a n d of the .

,

bes t th a t th e store could fur n ish After th ey h a d h a d eno u g h .

,

Ju a n stood up m a d e a b ow to th e proprietor w ith h is h a t a n d

, ,

th en th ey a ll l eft Th en th ey vi
. sited a nother s tore w h er e the ,

sa m e th i ng took pl a ce .

The fr i end s o f Ju a n w er e ver y m u ch a s ton i s h ed a n d ea ch ,

wi sh ed to po ssess th e h a t O n e o fl er ed h i
. m a th o u s a n d pesos
for i t; a noth er tw o th o u sa nd ; a n d th e th i
, rd on e h a l f o f a ll ,
-

hi s pr o per ty whi ch a m o un ted to a bo u t five th o u s a n d

,
p es os .

Ju a n of course w as w ill ing to sell it to th e h ig h es t b id d er ; b u t

, ,

w h en th e sa le w as a bo u t to b e con clud ed th e buye r b e g a n to ,

doub t the pow er of th e h a t So h e a s ked Ju a n to ta k e h im to

.

a n o th er s tor e to p r ove o n ce m o r e th e qu a l i ti es of th e h a t a fter

,

w hi ch tr i a l h e sa i, d h e w ould p a y him th e m o ney

, J u a n tool: .

hi s fr i end to th e th i r d s tor e a n d th e fr iend w a s n o w s u r e that

,
 lipin o P opu la r Ta les
Fi .
355

th e h a t could r ea l ly w or k w onders . So he pa id Ju a n th e five

th o u sa nd pesos .

Wh en h e h a d r eceived th e m oney Jua n l eft h is fr iends w ent , ,

on bo a r d s h i p a n d sa il ed a w a y to a foreig n coun try O n e

, .

d a y th e fr iend w ho h a d bo ug h t th e h a t d es i red to m a ke a s h ow ing

wi th i t So he i
. nvited sever a l fr i e nd s a m o ng th em so m e l a d i es , .

He too k th em to on e of th e s tores a n d th ere or dered som e r e ,

fres h m en ts to b e ser ved th em When th ey ha d fin is hed the .

,

m a n bow ed w i th h i s h a t a n d s ta r ted to l ea ve
, .

“ ”
Th a nk you s i r! sa id th e o w ner of th e store b u t w h ere is
, ,

m y pa ym en t for th e refres h m en ts you h a ve ju s t ea ten ?

The ow n er of th e h a t w a s a s ton i s h ed an d th i n ki
ng th a t , ,

per h a ps h e h eld the h a t in th e wr ong w a y or el se h is fing ers ,

w er e n o t on th e r i g h t co l o r h e tu r n ed th e h a t a r o
, und T h en .

h e m a de a nother b ow Th e ow ner of th e s h o p n ow beca m e

.

a n g r y a n d beg a n to sw ea r a t th e m a n
,
The o ther beca m e ex .

ci ted twi
, rling th e h a t a r ound a n d hold ing it in as ma ny d if ,

feren t w a ys a s h e co uld th i nk of F in a lly the s hop keeper .

-

or dered th e m a n a rrested .

When th e ow ner of the ha t h ea r d how Ju a n ha d pla yed h is

tr ick by p a yi ng tw enty pesos in a dva n ce h e fa in ted a n d b e ,

ca m e ver y s i ck In the m ea n tim e Ju a n w a s per form ing oth er

.

tr icks i n so m e d iffer en t countr y .

NO TES .

s d ro ll w as w i
Th i thou t dou b t i
m por ted from Eu ro pe where it h a s a ,

fa ir ly w ide d is tr ib u tion I t does n ot a p pea r hither to to h a ve b een

.

fou n d in th e O rien t I n the Eu ropea n form s we fin d it b oth as a

.

sep a ra te ta le l i
k e ou r s tor y a n d a lso a s a pa r t of th e Mas ter C hea t
”
, ,

cycle w h i
, ch w e ha ve d i n th e n otes to No 20
scu ss ed i F o r a com . .

p le te i
s t l of th e k n ow n occu rr en ce
s h a t pa ys ep i sode , seeof th e
“

B ol te P ol i
-
vk a , 2 1 0 1 5, i
— den t D (on G r i
n ci m m , NO Accordin g .

to thei r cl a ss ifica tion , vers i on s from Holla n d , Den m a r k , Sw eden ,

R um ani a , Ser b o C roa tia , P o la n d
-
R u ss i
a a n d Li th u a n i
a a r e k n own
, , .

See l
a so Koh ler B o l te,
-
2 46 , 2 51 ( n ote

51 .
JUAN AN D c1 0T11 DE . . .
l

In a g es vas tly rem ote there l ived in a d ista n t l a nd a king of

s u ch p r ow ess a n d r en ow n th a t h i
s n a m e w a s kn ow n th r o ug h o u t
,

the fo u r r eg i on s o f th e co m p as s Hi s n a m e w a s L udovi co . .

N t d by Vice te Hila i a Taga log w h o heard th e story from a n ld m a n livi g

a r ra e n r o. . o n

i
n B a ta n g a s .
 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Folk Lore Soci
ety
-
.

Hi n crea s ed tw ofold by h is
s pow er w as i h m en t to a n a g ed a tta c

m agi cia n to w h om h e w as ti
, ed by s tr ong bo nd s of fr i end sh i p .

L udovi co h a d a n ex tr em ely l ovely d a ug h ter by th e n a m e o f

C loti ld e Ever since h is a rr iva l a t the pa l a ce th e m a gicia n

.

h a d been passi on a tely i n l ove w i th h er ; b u t h i s ex tr em e o ld

a ge a n d hi s som ew h a t h a ug h ty bea r i ng w ere o bs ta cles in hi s

pa th to s u ccess Wh enever he m a de l ove to her s he tu r n ed

.
,

as i d e a n d l istened in stea d to th e th r il ling ta les told by so m e

,

w a nd er i ng m in str el Th e m a g icia n fin a lly s u ccu m bed to the

.

in fir m i ties of o ld a g e h i s li fe m a de m or e bu rd en so m e b y h i
, s

repea ted d i sa ppo i n tm en ts He left to th e king th r ee ench a n ted

.

wi n g ed h ors es ; to th e pr i n cess tw o m a g ic neckl a ces of ex a ctly

,

th e sa m e a ppea r a n ce of i ni mi ta bl e w or km a n s h i
, p a n d of pr ice
l ess w or th Nor d id the m a g icia n fa il to wr ea k veng ea n ce on
.

th e ca u se of h i s d ea th B efore h e ex pi red b e l ock ed C lo ti

. ld e ,

a n d th e th ree m a g i c h orses i n a hi g h to w er in a cc e ss ibl e to any

hu m a n being Sh e w a s to rem a in in th is en ch a n ted pr iso n u n til

.

som e m a n s u cceed ed i n se tti ng h er fr ee .

N a tu ra lly King L udovico w a n ted to see h is d a u g h ter before

,

th e h ou r of h i s d ea th w h i ch w a s fa s t a pp r oa ch i
, ng He o fl er ed .

l a r g e s u m s of m oney tog eth er w ith h is cr ow n a n d C l oti

, l de s
’

h a nd to a nybody w h o could set h er free Hund r ed s of p r in ces

, .

tr i ed b u t i
, n va i n Th e s tone w a ll s o f th e tow er w er e of s uch a
.

h eig h t th a t ver y few b ir ds even could fly over th em

, , , .

B u t a d el i ver er n ow r o se fr o m o b scu r i ty a n d ca m e i n to p r om i
n en ce .Th i s m a n w a s a n un edu ca ted b u t per s ever i ng pea sa n t
n a m ed Ju a n He possessed a g r a ceful for m h er cul ean fra m e
.
, ,

g oo d h ea r t a n d un r,i
v a ll ed in g enu i
t y H is tw o l e a r n ed o ld.er

br o th er s tr ied to sca le th e w a ll s of th e tow er b u t fa r ed n o ,

better th a n th e o th er s At l as t J u a n s tu r n ca m e His pa ren ts

.
’
.

an d hi s o ld er b r o th er s ex pos tul a ted w i th h i m n o t to g o for ,

w h a t could a m a n un ski ll ed in th e fin e a r ts do ? B u t Jua n ,

i n th e h o pe of se tti ng th e pr in cess free pa id n o a tten tion to ,

th ei r a d vi ce He took as m a ny o f th e bi
.
gg e s t n a il s a s h e co u ld
find a very l ong r ope a n d a str ong h a m m er As h e l ived in a
, , .

tow n sever a l m i l es d is ta n t from th e ca pita l he h a d to m a ke th e ,

tr i p on hor seba ck .

O n e da y Ju a n set o u t w i th a ll h i s equ i pm ent O n the w a y .

h e m et h i s di sa ppoi nted second broth er r etu r n ing a fter a va in

a ttem p t The older br oth er tr i
. ed i n ever y w a y h e co uld to

d iver t Ju a n from h is pu r pose Now J ua n s pa r en ts a ctu a ted .

,
’
,
358 Mem oir s of the Am erica n Folk L ore Soci
-
ety .

co p y it Wh en h e retu r ned w ith th e m a g ic a r ticl e, J u a n

.

j u m ped fr om h is b ed a n d kissed h is fa th er After s upper J u a n .

w en t to h i s r oo m a n d locked h i m self i n Th en h e too k fro m h i

. s

pocket th e neckl a ce w h i ch C lo ti ld e h a d g iven him in the tow er ,

a n d com pa r ed i t ca r efully w i th th e borr owed on e Wh en h e .

s a w th a t th ey d i d n ot d i ffer i n a n y r es pect, h e too k a p i ece of

ir on a n d h a m m er ed i t un ti l m idn ig h t .

Ea r ly th e nex t m orn ing Ju a n w r a pped th e tw o m a g ic n eck

la ces i n a si lk h a ndker ch ief , a n d told the o ld m a n to ta k e them
to th e ki ng B y th e a i
. d of th e Lor d ex cl a im ed C lo ti lde
w h en her fa th er th e ki ng unwr a pped the neckl a ces , m y lover
”
i s h ere a g a in Th is n eckl a ce, she s a id , tou ch ing th e on e sh e h a d
.

g i
v e n Ju a n , rs n ot a co un te r f ei t : fo r i
t is w r i
tte n i
n th e m a g i
ci a n s book o f bl a ck a r t th a t n o hu m a n bei ng s h a ll b e a b le to
’

i mi ta te e i ther of the m a g i c n eckl a ces Wh ere is th e ow n er

.

”
o f th i s n eckl a ce, o ld m a n ? s h e sa i d , tur n ing to Tel es foro .

He i s a t h om e sa id Tel es foro w ith a b ow

, .

”
Go a n d br i ng h im to the pa l a ce sa id C l otild e , .

With in a qu a r ter of a n hou r J u a n a r r ived After p a yin g .

du e res pect to th e ki ng , J u a n em br a ced Cl otilde a ffection a tely .

Th ey w er e m a r r i ed i n th e a f ter n oo n , a n d th e fes ti vi ties co n tin u ed

for n i ne d a ys a n d n ine n ig h ts Ju a n w as m a de cr ow n pr in ce,
.
-

a n d o n th e d ea th o f Ki ng L ud ovico he s u cceed ed to th e th ro n e .

Ki ng Ju a n a n d Q ueen C lotilde l ived to ex tr em e old a g e in pea ce

a n d per fect h a pp i n ess .

N 0TEs .

s Ta g a l og Ma r chen a p pea r s
Th i b e closely rel a ted to a n ei
to g h tee n th
cen tu r y Sp a n i
s h b a lla d b y Alon so de Mor a l es Th e b a ll a d is No 1 2 6
3
. .

R om a n cero Gen er a l , a n d i tl ed
” “
in th e s en ti La s P r i n ces a s Eu ,

ca n ta da s , y Des lea lda d d e H er m a n os Althou g h in g en era l o u tlin e

”
.

th e tw o s tor ies a r e ver y close to ea ch other , there a r e so m e s i g n ifica n t

di
fferen ces .

I n th e Spa n i s the ki h ng s na m e i
,
’
s C lo ta ldo , a n d h e r u es i n S ri a Th e l y .

ki l
n g b u ids a ver i
g yh h
to w er a n d
, p u ts in it h i
s th r ee b e a u tifu d a u g ters ; l h
h ll
t e n he ca s a pow er fu m a g i l
ci a n to ca s t a s p e ll
a b o u t the p a ce so t a t th e l , h
l
tower ca n n o t b e s ca ed u n ti the k i l n g wi s es i h
t to b e C o n n ed in the tow er
. fi
wi h
t the p ri n cesses a re t ree wi h n ged h
orses ( 0 sa tan i ca s a r pi a s) Th e k in g th e n .

iss u es a p rocl a m a ti h h
o n t a t w oever ca n r ea c the p ri h
n cesses s a be m arr i ed h ll
to t em h . h h h
The t r ee b rot ers t a t m a k e the a ttem p t a re k n i h
g ts fr o m
Den m a r k . l
The tw o o der p roceed to S r i a ony h
ors eb a ck fa i, a n d o n th ei ,r l
retu r n h
o m e m eet t ei r h y h
o u n g es t b r o t er m a ki n g hi s w a y ei s u re in a l ly
ll
b u ock ca r t
- He too i
. s go i n g to try, a n d i s ta ki n g wi t him a b u nda nt h
p r o v i
sio n s , m a n n a is , y
a n d l
a r o p e .f ter tA e a v e thyh
r ied in va i n to
p er
s u a de hi
m to r etu rn h hi
o m e, m [ Th hy
t e
e e p i
so d a ccom
e o f th e pa n y .

p o iso n ed f oo d is a c k i
n g ] J lu a n g a i n s th e to p o f th e to w er , o w er s th e tw o l
l
o der p r i n cesses , a n d t en , a s t of a ll , th e h l
ou n g es t, w h o g i ves hi m a n eck a ce y l
b efor e s h e des cen d s h
Th e trea c ero u s b ro t ers n ow des tro J u a n s m ea n s
.
’
h y
o f es ca pe , a n d m a k e o ff wi t the t ree m a i den s , ea vi hn g hi h
m o n th e tow er l .

He m ou n ts o n e of the w in g ed ors es , a n d i t fli es w i t hi h
m to a di s ta n t h
co u n tr y Ma k in g h is w a y b a ck to S ria on foo t, he ex c a n g es clot es wit
. y h h h
a d r o ver , a n d a p pea rs i n C lo ta ld o s ki n g do m i n di sg u ise, p reten d i
’
n g to

b e si m p e- m il n d ed The kin g ha s a rea d m a rr i

. ed h i l
s tw o o der d a u g ters y l h
’
h
to J u a n s tr ea c ero u s b r o t er s , a n d i s n ow tr i h
n g to persu a de hi s ou n g es t y y
h
d a u g ter to m a r r : b u t s he w i y s es on her rescu er h
She p a i ly
n ts a n eckl a ce .

in ever yr es pect i l
k e the o n e w i c h h
s h e g a ve J u a n , a n d sa s t a t s he wi ll y h
m a rr y on ly w h is fou n d w h o ca n m a k e a n
en a perso n a e x a ctl like eck l c e y
the p i ctu re The k in g sen ds th e pa in tin g to a n a c em i
. st in th e ci t , a nd lh y
o rders hi m , u n der pen a t o f d ea t i ly
f he fa is , to p rod u ce the n eckl a ce i n h l
two m o n t s h
He i l
s u n a b e to do so , a n d b ecom es dow n ca s t
. J u a n w ho .
,

h a s b een i n ser vice a s a po r ter , a n d i ed the co m m a n d o f

s th e o n e w h o ca r r i

the k i n g to th e a c em i lh
s t, a s k s h i
m w h y he i s sa d He te s the rea so n . ll .

lh
J u a n g ives the a c em is t his n eckla ce [The res t is p ra ctica as in o u r s tor ] . lly y .

Ther e i
s a seq u el to th i
s ba l la d , No . 1 2 64 , whi
ch h a s l
a c ose re

b la n ce to th e Ta g a log J u a n Ti a lr ea d y s u m m a r i
“ ”
ii n the
zed i
'

sem os o ,

n otes to No 36 . .

Th e Sp a n i sh s tor y , sa ys th e ed i
tor o f the R om a n cero Gen er a l ,
is o n e of those fo u n d ed di rectly o n O r i
en ta l m a teri a l w hich wa s tr a n s

tted
mi b y th e Ara b s . It i
s cu r i
ou s t a t so h few of these ta es , whi
ch l
ha ve b een p res erved for g en era tion s a s or a l tr a dition ha ve m a de ,

thei r wa y in to p r i Th e di cea b le b etw een ou r Marchers

fl er en ces n oti
'

nt .

a n d the b a ll a d m a y b e d u e to a tra di tion som ew ha t di verg en t from

th a t on w h ich Al o n so de Mora les s poem i s b a sed

’
.

5PO O R MAN AND m s TH R EE $0Ns

2 . TH E .
l

O n ce th er e l i ved a poor m a n w ho h a d th r ee so n s Wh en the .

fa th er w as on h i s d ea th b ed h e ca ll ed h i s so n s a n d sa i
-
d to th em , , ,

My so ns I s h a ll die very soon ; a n d I s h a ll n ot b e a bl e to l ea ve

,

y o u m u c h w ea l th fo r w ea l th I h a v e ,n o t B u t I w ill g i
v e ea c h .

o n e o f yo u so m eth i ng w h ich if yo u w ill only b e a bl e to find a ,

"
pl a ce in w h ich it h a s n o equ a l w ill m a ke you h a ppy m en , .

Th e fa ther th en g a ve to on e a roos ter to a no th er a ca t a n d to , ,

the th i r d a scy the Th en h e d i ed . .

Th e ow n er o f th e scythe w a s the firs t to tr y h i s for tun e a n d

test h i s fa th er s a d vi He lef t h i a n d w en t on a
’
ce s broth ers .
,

j our ney un til he ca m e to a town w here he sa w th e peo ple

h a r ves ti ng r ice by pull ing th e s ta lks ou t of th e gr o und He .

Na ra ted b y G eg i o Velas q uez a Ta ga l g f m Pa i

“
r r or g R ia l H y This i
. s a o ro s . z . e sa s.

mi
pr i ve Ta ga log fa le. I th i
ti n b k . I h ea rd i
t from old peop le .
360 Mem oirs of the A m erica n Fol k Lore Soci
ety
-
.

sh ow e d the people the conven ience of the scythe Th ey w er e so .

del i g h te d a n d a s t o ni s h ed t h a t th e y, o f
f er ed t o g ive him a l a r g e

s u m of m on ey i n ex ch a ng e for th e tool O f co ur se h e w as w i
. l ling
to sell i t a n d he wen t h om e a r i
, ch m a n .

The ow n er of the r ooster seei ng the g ood lu ck of his broth er

, ,

n ex t r esol ved to tr y h i s for tu n e w i th th e bi rd Li ke h is b rother .

,

h e tr a velled un ti l he ca m e to a tow n w here th er e w a s n o r oos ter .

The people w ere ver y m uch i n tere s ted i n th e r oos ter s cr ow i ng ’

,

a n d a s ked th e ow n er w h y th e b i r d cr ow ed He sa i d th a t th e .

bi r d to ld th e ti m e o f d a y by i ts cr ow i ng Th e fi rs t cr ow i n .

"
th e n i g h t a nn o un c es m idn ig h t h e s a id ; , t h e sec ond t h r ee ,

o clock i
’
n th e m or n i ng ; a n d th e th i r d crow a nno un ces five
”
The peo pl e w er e ver y a nx i
’
o cl ock . o u s to g et th e r oos ter

for th ei r tow n a n d off er ed to buy i

, t Th e ow n er w as w i . ll ing ,

a n d h e r etu r n ed to h i s h om e a s r i ch a s h i s b r o th er w h o h a d so l d

th e scythe .

Th e l a st brother n ow set o u t to tr y h i s lu ck w i th h is ca t .

At l a s t h e ca m e to a tow n w h ere th e r a ts w ere vex i ng th e peo pl e

ver y m u ch He s how ed th em the u se of h i
. s ca t With w o nder .

the peo ple w a tched th e ca t ki ll the r a ts a n d w ere a s tound ed to ,

see h ow th e r a ts fl ed fr o m th i s s tra n g e a n i m al Th e n ew s o f .

th e ca t r ea ch ed th e ki ng w h o s u m m oned its ow n er to th e p a l a ce
, .

Th e ki ng as ked th e br oth er to tr y his cat on th e ra ts in th e

pa l a ce a n d so th e ca t w as tu r n ed l oose In a s h or t tim e a ll
, .

th e r a ts h a d ei th er been k i lled or d riven a w a y Th e king .

w a n ted th e ca t a n d ofier ed to p a y a l a rg e s u m o f m on ey for

,

it. So th e ow ner o f th e ca t a fter th e k i ,ng h a d pa id h im w en t ,

h om e as r ich as h is o th er tw o br oth ers .

Thu s th e th r ee br oth ers beca m e r i ch beca u se th ey fo llo w ed ,

thei r fa th er s w i se a d v i ce : se lect th e r i h pl i h i
’

g t a ce n w ch to

tr a d e.

NO TE S .

Th i
s s tor y l ik e
, is cl ea r ly a n i
th e p recedi
ng , m por ta tion fr om th e

O cci den t The b i . b liog ra ph y o f th e cycle to w h i ch it b elon g s m a y b e

fou n d in B ol te P ol ivk a , 2 69 7 1 (on G rim m , No
- —
G er m a n , .

B reton , F ren ch , F l em i sh Swedi sh , Ca ta la n Ser b i an

, B u l ga r i
an , , ,

Czech , P o l i s h , R u ssia n , Li thu a n i

a n , a n d Fi s h vers i
nn i on s h a ve b een

r ecor ded Th e s tor y a s a whol e d oes n ot a p pea r to ha ve b een co l

.

lected from th e Fa r Ea s t h i ther to , tho u g h sepa r a te ta l es tu r n i ng

on th e sa l e o f a ca t i n a ca tless cou n tr y ( Di ck W h ittin g ton type ) a r e

fou n d a m on g th e J ews a n d in Africa B ol te a n d P ol ivk a g ive th e .

og r a p h y of thi
b ib li s l a tter gr ou p o f stori es o n p p 7 1 7 6 .
-
.
362 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Fol k Lore Soci
-
ety .

My d a ug h ter , s he sa i d , as she as cended the s teps of th e

“
h a ve com pa ssion on m e ! am i n I your m oth er
, ,
”
a ver y w r etch ed co nd i tion .

“ ”
Wh a t ca r e I ? retu r n ed Fel iza Wh a t bu sin ess h a ve you .

to com e h ere ? Don t yo u kn ow th a t I w i

’
ll never s a cr ifice
”
a nyth i ng for your sa ke ? Get o u t of her e ! An d s h e ki cked

the poor dog un ti l it fell tu m bl ing to th e gr ound Fel i za di d .

n ot w a n t h er hu s ba n d to find o u t th a t h er m oth er w a s a dog .

Sa dly th e dog w en t a w a y a n d deci d ed to g o to her d a u g h ter

,

i T h f
’

J u a n a s k n g d o m e co un. tr y w a s a r a w a y b u t w h a t e l se ,

could s h e do ? As Ju a n a w as com i n g ou t o f th e chu r ch w i th h er

h u sba nd s h e sa w th e dog hu rr yi
, ng a fter h er L i ke F eli za .
,

sh e w as a s h a m ed o f h er m oth er Sh e w h i s per ed to on e o f th e .

g u a r d s to c a t ch t h e d o g a n d tie it se cu re ly in a d is ta n t fo r e s t ,

so th a t i t mi g h t n o l o n g er a nn o y h e r .

Not l ong a fter th i s Ma r ia th e young est d a ug h ter w a s

, , ,

ri d ing th roug h the for est w ith h er h u sba n d Ther e th ey fou n d .

th e poor dog cr yi ng a n d yelping i n a pi tiful m a nner Ma r ia .

recog n i zed h er m o th er Sh e g o t ou t o f th e ca r r i
. ag e a n d w i th ,

h er own h a nd s un ti ed th e dog She wra pped h er vei l ar ou n d

.

“
it a n d or d ered th e ca r r i
, a g e to tu r n b a ck to th e pa l a ce Hu s .

ba nd s he sa id a s s he a s cended the s teps o f the r oya l res iden ce

, ,

th i s dog th a t I a m ca r r yi ng is m y m oth er so pleas e yo ur ,

Ma j es ty .

The hus ba nd only sa id Th a nk God ! a n d n ot a n o th er

,

w or d .Ma r ia or d ered the cook to pr epa r e d el icio u s food for

th e dog She a ss i
.
g n e d th e b e s t ch a m b e r in th e p a l a ce t o t h e

a ni m al Wh ile the dog w as ea tin g w ith Ma r ia the pr in ce

.
, ,

a n d th e co u r ti ers the d i n ing roo m w a s s udd en ly ill u m in a ted

,
-

wi th a b r i g h t l i
g h t T h e d o g d isa
. pp e a re d a n d i n its p l a c e ,

s tood a bea u ti ful w om a n in g lor io u s a ttir e The w om a n k iss ed .

Ma r ia a n d sa id I a m th e dog you r m o ther God bless you

,
“
, .
,
”
m y g ood ch i ld !
NO TES .

I llels for this som ewha t sa va ge ta le tho u g h a

eon o fier n o clos e pa r a ,

few a n a log i
es to i den ts i
n ci n o u r s tor y a re to b e fo u n d i n a n I n di
an
n F rere ( No 2
s tor y i A Fu n n y .
,
“
th e firs t pa r t of w h i
ch m a y

b e a b str a cted here fo r com pa r i

s on .

A certa i
n R aja h a nd R a n ce a re sa d b eca u se t hyh v
e ch i
ld
a e no re n dan

the li
ttle dog i n th e pa la ce h a s n o p u pp i
es ; b u t a t l t th R a n i c
as e ee s o n fin e d ,

a nd b ea r s two pu ppi es , w hi le th e li
ttl e d og a t th e sa m e ti
me i
g es b i
v r th
 Fi
lipino P opu la r Ta les . 6
3 3

to two fem a le infa n ts k eep her offs p ri

. In n g fro m the R a n ce, w ho
order to

wi h
s es to s u b s ti tu te her ow n for the dog s , th e dog ca r ri
’
es i ts tw o d a u g ters h
to the fores t, a n d t ere r ea rs t em h en t e h
a ve b ecom e of m a rr i
. Wh
a ge h yh
l
a b e a g e, t e hy
a re fo u n d b y tw o p ri n ces , w h o ta k e t em a wa a n d m a k e t em h y h
h
t ei r wi ves For tw e ve ea rs the p oo r dog ook s i
. l y n va i n for h er os t c i l l l h
d r en O n e da y the eldest d a u g ter ook s ou t of h er w i
. h l
n do w , a n d sees a

do g r u n n i n g d ow n th e s treet
“
T a t m u st b e m y o n g
.
-
os t m o th e r !
”
s he l l h
ex c a i l h l
m s to erse f ; a n d s he r u n s ou t, g ets the a n i m a l , b a t es i t a n d feed s i t h .

The dog n ow w a n ts to g o vi si t h er o u n g er d a u g ter , a t ou g y

the e der h lh h l
tri es i n va i n to d i ss u a d e h er m ot er fro m g oi ng h
en the o u n g er da u g ter . Wh y h
sees th e d og , s h e sa s ,
“
y
T a t m u s t b e m y m ot er ! h a t wi l m y u sba n d h Wh l h
h
t i k of m e i
n f h e ea rn s t a t t i l
s w retc ed , u g , hmi h
sera b e ooki
-
n g dog i sh ly l l
m y m o t er ? h She orders the ser va n ts to t row s to n es a t i t a n d d ri ve i t h
a wa y W o u n d ed i
. n th e h
ea d , th e dog r u n s b a ck to h er e d er d a u g ter , l h
b u t di es , i n sp i te of th e ten der ca r e i t recei ves The d a u g ter n ow tri es to . h
co n cea th e b od l y
u n ti s he ca n b u r i t lThe u s b a n d di y
sco vers the co r pse of . h
th e dog , b u t i t has b eco m e a s ta tu e of go d set w i t di a m o n ds a n d o t er l h h
p ci
re o u s s to n es He a s k s w ere th e trea s u re ca m e fro m
. h Hi s wi fe i es , a n d . l
y
sa s ,
“
O h, i ti s on ly
a p resen t m y p a r en ts sen t m e !
”
[The res t of the s tor y
h a s n ot i h
n g to do w i t o u rs : i t is a va r i h
a n t of the Toa ds a n d Di a m o n ds
”

yl
c ce ( see n o tes to No .

ll b e
I t wi n oti
ced th a t i
n th e I n dia n l
ta e th e r OIes of th e da ug hters
are th e r everse o f w ha t they a re i
n ou r stor y .

TO MA R I N D AN D TH E WI CKED DATU ‘
54 . .

B efor e th e Spa n i
sh upa tion th ere w er e in the P h il ippi
occ n es
m a ny petty ki ng dom s h ea d ed by n a tive pr i n ces kn ow n a s da tu s .

L u zo n the scene of coun tless r a va g es a n d h a r d fig h ti

, n g s of

warli ke tr ibes w as th e h om e of Da tu Neb u cheb a His ki

, n g d om .

a t fi rs t only a few squ a r e m i l es w a s g rea tly ex tended by th e

la bo r of h is young br a ve w a r r ior Tom a r i nd To m ar in d ha d a , .

ver y bea u ti ful w ife w ith w h om D a tu Neb u cheb a fell in love ;

,

b u t th e r u l er kep t h i s vi le d es ir e secr et in his h ea r t for m an y

yea r s Ma ny tim es he th oug h t of g etting r id of h is w a r rior
.

Tom a r i n d a n d thu s g etti, ng possess ion of h is bea u tiful w ife .

O n e d a y To m a r i n d w a s sen t on a d a ng er o u s erra nd He .

w a s or d er ed to g et a n en ch a n ted m a r ble ba ll fr om on e of the

ca ves i n a cer ta i n m oun ta in Tw o m on sters of ter r ible a s pect .
,

w h ose j oy w as th e bu r n i ng o f vill a g es a n d w hose del ig h t w as ,

th e ki ll in g of hu m a n being s g u a rd ed the en tr an ce of th a t ca ve , .

Ma ny per sons h a d en ter ed th e door of th a t d ea th cha m ber -

,

b u t n obod y h a d com e fr om i t a li ve Su s pi cio u s of th e com i ng .

d a ng er Tom a r in d d id n ot g o d irectly to the ca ve He so ug h t

, .

Narra ted b y Eu tiq u ia no Ga cia of Me ico Pa m pa ng a He m ys tha t th is is a n old

r x . .
 6
3 4 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Folk Lore Soci
ety- .

the fa m ou s wi
tch of Ti
p u ca , and
n told h er a bo u t h i
s si
tu a ti
o .

I m m edia tely the witch per for m ed a sor t of d ia bol ica l cer em o ny ,

g a ve T om a r i
n d a m a g i
c ca n e a n d sen t h im a w a y Wh e n , h e .

r ea ch ed th e ca ve those th a t g u a r d ed th e ca ve r ecei
, ved To m a r i
nd

ver y ki ndly a n d th ey del iver ed th e en ch a n ted m a r ble ba ll to

,

hi
m .

“
To -
m orrow , d Neb u cheb a to h im self
sa i th e w i fe o f ,

Ta m a r i nd will b e m i ne Al as for h i
. m ! ver y ea r ly th e n ex t
m or n i ng Tom a r in d pres ented th e m a r ble ba l l to Da tu Neb u
”
cheba . How qu i ckly he ex ecu ted m y or d ers ! ex cl a im ed
N eb u cheb a “
Wh a t s h a ll I do to d es tr oy th is br a ve m a n ?
.

Th e nex t ti m e he w i ll n ot esca pe th e d a ng er I w ill as k h im .

to ta ke a l etter to m y pa r en ts w h o a re l i vi n g und er gro und

, ,
”
in th e rea l m o f th e s p i ri ts h e sa i d to h im self
, .

Th e da tu ca u sed a w ell to b e d u g a n d b i g s to n es t o b e p i
,l ed
n ea r th e m o u th of i t Wh en ever yth ing w a s r ea dy h e su m
.
,

m on ed th e br a ve w a r r i or He g a ve h i m th e l etter a n d to ld
.
,

hi m to s ta r t th e n ex t m or n i ng Tom a r in d w en t a g a in to th e
.

“ ”
wi tch of Ti p u ca T h is i
.s a v e r y g rea t ta s k s a id th e w i
t c h ; ,
“
b u t n ever m i nd ! you w ill g et even w ith Da tu N eb u ch eb a "
.

Th a t n i g h t th e w it ch w i th th,e h elp o f un see n s p ir its m a d e a ,

s ub terr a n ea n p a s sa g e conn ecti n g th e bottom of th e da tu s w ell ’

”
wi th th a t of Tom a r i nd s Neb u ch eb a th e w i tch s a i d to
’
.
,
“
Tom a r i nd wi
, ll a s k you to g o dow n in to h is w ell ; a n d a s s oo n
a s yo u a r e a t th e bo tto m h e w i ll or d er th a t th e pil e of s ton es b e
,

th r ow n on yo u Lo se n o ti
. m e b u t go i n to th e s ub ter r a n ea n
,
”
p a ss a g e th a t I h a ve pr epa r ed for you Wh en m or n ing ca m e .
,

Tom a r i n d w en t to ex ecu te th e or d er s o f th e da tu .

Now N eb u ch eb a fir m ly bel i
, eved th a t To m a r i n d w a s d ea d .

Th er e w a s g r ea t rej oi ci ng in the da tu s hou se In th e even ing ’

.
,

whi le th e r evel r y w a s g oing on Tom a r in d a ppea r ed w ith th e ,

pr etend ed a n sw er fr om N eb u ch eb a s pa r en ts Th e l etter r ea d ’
.
,

We w is h you to com e a n d see u s h ere We h a ve a very bea u ti .

"
ful g ir l for yo u Neb u ch eb a w a s g rea tly s u r pr i
. s ed He m a d e .

up h is m ind to g o d ow n in to th e w ell the nex t d a y He g a th er ed .

“
al l h i s s ubj ects tog eth er a n d sa i d to th em
, I a m g oing to see ,

m y p a r en ts If th e pl a ce th er e is better th a n th e pl a ce h er e
.
,
”
I s h a ll n ot com e ba ck To m a r in d w ill b e m y s u ccesso r
.
l
.

In th e m or n ing Neb u ch eb a s s ubj ects too k h im to th e w e l l ’

a n d low er ed h i m s l ow ly i n to it Wh en h e rea ched th e bo tto m.

,

Tom a r i n d th r ew b i g s to n e s d ow n o n h im a n d N eb u c h eb a was ,
 II . FA B L ES AND A NI MA L STO RI ES .

L ‘
55 .
( )
a TH E TU R T E AND TH E MO NKEY .

I t wa s m i
d da y Th e bl i
-
n di ng h ea t of th e s u n forced a ll
.

the w a te l ovi
r -
ng an im a l s s u ch a s p i
g s ca r a b a os , an d t u r tl es ,

to g o to th e r iver ban ks an d th ere s eek to coo l th em sel ves i

-
n

the w a ter O n th a t p a r t of th e ban k w h er e a b i

.
g s h a dy tr ee

s tood ,a m onkey a n d a tu r tl e w er e h a vi ng a g ood tim e, d is

u n the p a s t presen t an d fu tur e Ju st then th ey s a w a
c ss i g , , .

ba n an a sta lk floa ting by

-
.

Don t you th ink th a t it w ould b e a wise th ing for u s to g et

’

”
th a t ba n a n a s ta lk an d pl a n t i
-
t? sa i d th e m onkey .

“ ”
Ca n you sw i m ? r epl i ed th e tu r tl e .

No I ca n t b u t you ca n sa i
’
, , d th e m onkey , .

"
I will g et the ban a n a tr ee sa id th e tu r tl e on cond ition
-
, ,

th a t w e d i vi de it You m u st a llow m e to h a ve th e upper p a r t

.
,
”
w h ere th e lea ves a r e Th e m onkey a g r eed ; b u t w h en th e
.

sta lk w a s bro u g h t to s h ore th e m onkey too k th e l ea ves hi , m self ,

a n d g a ve th e tu r tl e only th e r oo ts As th e hu m ble tu r tl e w a s .

un a bl e to fig h t the m onkey a ll he could do w a s to p ick u p his ,

s h a re an d ta ke i t to th e w ood s an d pl a n t i t I t w a s n ot s tr a ng e .

th a t the m onkey s pa r t d i ed w h i le th a t of th e tu r tl e br o ug h t
’
,

for th clu s ters of r ipe ba n a na s in tim e Q .

Wh en th e m onkey lea r n ed th a t the ba n a n a s w ere ripe h e ,

“
w en t to vi si t hi s fr ien d th e tu r tl e I w ill g ive you h a lf th e .

” “
ban a n a s sa id th e tu r tl e if you w ill only cl im b th e s ta l k an d
, ,

g e t th e fr u it for m e .

With g r ea t pl ea s u re repl ied th e m onkey In less th a n a

, .

mi nu te h e w a s a t the top of th e tr ee There h e too k his tim e .

,

ea ti n g a ll h e co uld an d s toppin g n ow an d th en to th ro w a
,

ba n a n a peel ing d own to h is fr iend below Wh a t could th e

-
.

poor tu rtle do ? I t w a s im possibl e for h im to cl im b .

”
I kn ow w h a t I ll do ! h e sa id to h im self He g a th er ed
’
.

po in ted s ticks a n d set th em a ll a r ou nd th e ba se of th e tr ee

, .

“
Th en h e cr i ed o u t to th e m onkey sa yi ng Th e hun ter s a re , ,
"
co m i ng ! The hun ter s a re co m ing ! Th e m onkey w a s v er y
m uch fr i g h ten ed so h e ju m
, p ed d o w n i
n th e h o p e o f es ca i
p ng ;
Na rra ted by Eutiq u ia no Ga rcia of Mex ico P a m pa n g a . .
 no P opu la r Ta les
l ipi
Fi . 6
3 7

erced by th e s h a r p s ti
b u t he w a s pi cks , a n d i
n a few h ou rs h e

d ied Thu s th e tu r tle g ot h is reveng e on th e selfis h m onkey

. .

When th e m onkey wa s d ea d , th e tur tle skinn ed h im , d ried h is

m ea t, a n d so ld it to th e other m onkeys i
n th e neig hbor hood .

Bu t i, n ta ki n g ofl th e s k in th e tu r tle w as ver y ca reless : h e left

,

h ere a n d th er e pa r ts of th e fu r s ticking to th e m ea t ; an d from

th is fa ct th e m onkeys w h i ch h a d bo ug h t th e m ea t judg ed th e

tu r tl e g u il ty of m urd er of on e of th eir breth ren So th ey took .

th e tu r tl e before th ei r ch i ef an d h e w a s tr i ed
, .

Wh en th e tu rtl e s g u il t h a d been es ta bl ish ed th e m onkey

’

ch ief or der ed h i m to b e bu r n ed .

“
Fi r e d oes n o t do m e a n y h a r m sa i
d the tu r tl e Don t ’
.
,

y o u s ee th e r ed p a r t o n m y b a ck ? M y fa th er h as bu r n ed m e
"
m a ny ti m es .

“
Well if fire doesn t h a r m h im cu t h im to pieces sa id the
'
, , ,

m onkey ch i -
ef a n g r i ly .

“
Neith er will th is pun is h m en t h a ve an y efl ect on m e con ,

tin n ed the w ise tu r tl e My ba ck is full of sca r s My fa th er

. .

"
u sed to cu t m e over an d over a g a in .

“ "
Wh a t ca n w e do with h im ? sa id th e fool is h m onkeys .

At l a s t th e b r i g h tes t fe ll ow in t h e g r o up sa id “
W e w ill d ro w n ,

hi m i n th e l a ke .

As soo n a s th e tu r tl e h ea r d th i s h e fel t h a ppy for h e k n ew th a t

, ,

h e w ould n o t d i e i n th e w a ter H owever h e preten d ed to b e .

,

ver y m u ch a fr a i d an d he im plor ed th e m onkeys n ot to th row

,
“
hi m i n to th e la lQ B u t h e sa i d to h im self I h a ve d eceived a ll ,

th ese fool i s h m o nkeys With ou t del a y th e m onkeys took

.

hi m to th e l a ke an d th rew hi m i n Th e tur tl e di ved ; an d th en .

h e s tu ck hi s h ea d a bove th e s u r fa ce of th e w a ter l a ug h i n g ver y ,

loud a t th em .

Thu s th e tu r tl e s l i fe w a s sa ved beca use he h a d used h is bra in s

’
,

in d evi sin g a m ea n s of esca pe .

( )
6 TH E MO NKEY AND TH E TU R TL E . l

O n ce th er e l i
ved two fr iends a m onkey a n d a tu r tl e One , .

d a y th ey sa w a ba n a n a pl a n t fl oa ti ng on th e wa ter Th e tur tle

-
.

s w a m o u t a n d b ro u g h t i t to l a nd Since it w a s b u t a s ing le .

pl a n t an d th ey h a d to divide it th ey cu t it a cross th e m iddle , .

“ "
I w ill h a ve th e pa r t with the lea ves on sa id th e m onkey , ,

Na rr a ted by B ie ve ido Go a l of P a m pa nga H h a d th e t y from h is

n n nz es . e e r s or

you ng er br oth er . w h o hear d it i t n u rn fro m a far m er . It i

s com m on i
n P a m pa n g a .
368 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Fol k Lor e Soci
-
ety .

th i
n ki
ng th a t th e top w as best The tur tl e a gr eed an d w as .

ver y well pl ea sed b u t s h e m a n a g ed to concea l h er j oy

, The .

m onkey pl an ted h i s pa r t the top o f th e tr ee ; an d th e tu r tl e

,

pla n ted h ers the roots Th e m onkey s pl an t d i ed ; b u t th a t o f

’
.
,

the tu r tl e g rew an d i n ti m e bore m u ch fin e fr u i

, t .

O n e da y si n ce th e tu r tl e co uld n o t g et a t th e b a n a n as
, sh e ,

a s ked th e m onkey to cl i m b the tr ee a n d br i ng dow n th e ba n a n a s .

In retu r n for this ser vice s h e ofl er ed to g ive h im h a lf th e fr u it .

The m onkey cl a m ber ed up the tr ee b u t h e a te a ll th e fr u i t hi m ,

self : h e d i d n ot g i ve th e tu r tl e an y Th e tu r tl e beca m e ver y .

a ng r y w a i
, ting in va in ; so sh e collected m a ny s h a r p s ticks a n d ,

stu ck th em i n th e tr unk o f th e tr ee Then sh e w en t a w a y . .

Wh en th e m onkey s l id d ow n to the g ro un d h e inj u red h im se lf ,

ver y ba dly on th e s h a r p s ti cks ; s o h e se t o fi to find th e tu r tl e

a n d to r even g e h i m self .

Th e m onkey l ooked for a long ti m e b u t fin a lly fou n d th e ,

tu r tl e und er a pepper pl an t As th e m onkey w as a bo u t to

-
.

“
str i k e h er s h e sa i Keep qu i et ! I a m g u a r d i ng the kin g s ’
, d ,

fru its.

Gi ve m e so m e ! sa i d th e m onkey .

"
Well I will ; h ere a r e so m e ! sa id th e tur tle
, B u t you .

m u s t pr o m i s e m e n o t to ch ew th em un ti l I a m fa r a w a y ; for
"
th e ki ng m ig h t see you an d th en he w o uld pun is h m e , Th e .

m onkey a g r eed When th e tu r tle w a s a l ong w a y ofi h e beg a n

.
,

to ch ew th e pepper s Th ey w ere ver y h o t an d bu r n ed h i

. s ,

m ou th ba dly He w as n ow ex tr em ely a n g r y an d r eso l ved th a t

. ,

i t w ould g o h a r d w i th th e tu r tl e w h en h e s h o uld ca tch h er .

He sea r ch ed a ll th r o ug h th e w oods a n d field s for h er A t la st .

h e found h er n ea r a l a rg e sn a ke hol e Th e m onkey th r ea ten ed -

.

“
to k i ll th e tu r tl e ; b u t s h e s a id to h im F riend m on key d o yo u , ,
"
w a n t to w ea r th e ki ng s bel t? ’

“
Why su rely ! Wh er e is it? sa id th e m onkey
, .

“ "
Th e tu r tle repl i ed I t wi ll com e ou t ver y soo n : w a tch for it !
,

As soo n a s th e s n a k e ca m e o u t th e m onkey ca u g h t i t ; b u t th e
,

s n a ke r oll ed i tself a round h i s body an d s qu eezed hi m n ea r ly to ,

dea th He fin a lly m a n a g ed to g et free of th e sn a k e ; b u t h e

.

w a s so ba dly hu rt th a t h e sw or e h e w o uld k i
, ll th e tur tle a s soon
a s h e s h o uld find h er .

Th e tu r tl e h i d h erself und er a cocoa nu t s h ell Th e m o n k ey -

.

w a s by th i s ti m e ver y ti r ed so h e sa t d ow n o n th e co co a n u t
,
“
sh ell to r es t As he sa t th er e h e beg an to ca ll l oudly
. Tu r tle
, , ,
"
wh er e a re you ?
37 0 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Fol k L ore Soci
-
ety .

pered ou t of s ig h t The tur tl e w a s soon ver y tir ed an d m uch ou t

.

of b rea th b u t h e kep t on
,
Th e m onkey cl i m bed a tr ee by th e .

d e a n d looked ba ck Wh en h e sa w h is fr iend ver y fa r

r oa d s i , .

in th e rea r h e a te so m e o f th e food
, At l a s t th e tu r tle ca m e u p . .

He w a s ver y hung r y an d a s ked th e m onkey for so m eth i

, ng to
ea t

Com e l ittl e fa r ther sa id th e selfis h m onkey

on a , We .

wi ll ea t nea r a pl a ce wh er e w e ca n g et w a ter Th e tur tle d id .

n ot sa y an yth i ng b u t kep t plodding on Th e m o nkey r a n

, .

a h ea d an d d i d th e s a m e thi ng a s before b u t th is tim e h e a te ,

a ll th e food .

“
Why d id you co m e so la te ? sa id th e m onkey w hen th e
tu r tl e ca m e up pa n ti ng .

“
B eca u se I a m so hung r y th a t I ca nnot w a lk fa s t a n sw er ed ,

”
the tu r tl e Will you g ive m e so m e food ? h e con tinued
. .

Th ere i s n o m or e r epl ied th e m onkey, You br ou g h t .

"
ver y l i ttl e I a te a ll th er e w a s an d I a m s till hung r y
.
, .

As the tur tl e h a d n o br ea th to w as te h e con ti nu ed on th e ,

roa d . Wh ile they w ere on th ei r w a y th ey m et a hun ter Th e , .

m onkey sa w th e hun ter a n d cl i m bed a tr ee b u t the m an ca u g h t ,

th e tu r tl e a n d too k i t hom e w i th h i m Th e m onkey l a ug h ed .

B u t th e hun ter w a s ki
'
a t hi s f ri end s m i s for tun e nd to th e
.

tu r tl e : h e ti ed i t n ea r a ba n a n a tr ee an d g a ve i t food ever y -
,

h ou r .

O n e d a y th e m onkey h a ppen ed to pa ss n ea r th e hou se o f th e

hun ter Wh en h e s a w th a t h is fr iend w as tied fa s t h e sn eered
. ,

a t hi m ; b u t a fter h e h a d rem a i ned th er e a few hou rs an d h a d ,

seen h ow th e tu r tl e w a s fed ever y h o u r h e en vi ed th e tu r tl e s

’
,

si tu a tion So w h en n i
.
g h t c a m e a n d th e hun ter w a s a s l ee p, ,

the m o nkey w en t up to th e tu r tl e an d sa i d Let m e b e in you r , ,

”
pl a ce .

No I l ike th is pl a ce a n sw ered th e tu r tl e
, , .

The m onkey h owever kept u rg i , ng a n d beg g ing th e tur tle

, ,

so th a t fin a lly th e tu r tl e yi eld ed Th en th e m onkey set th e .

tu r tl e fr ee a n d ti ed h i
, m self to th e tr ee The tu r tl e w en t o ff .

h a ppy ; a n d th e m onkey w a s so pl ea sed th a t h e co u ld h a r dly ,

s l eep du r i n g th e n ig h t for th inkin g o f th e food the hun ter w ould

g i v e h im in th e m o r n in g .

Early the nex t m orn ing the hun ter w oke a n d loo ked ou t o f
hi s wi nd ow He ca u g h t si .
g h t o f th e m o nk ey an d th o u g h t t h a t ,

th e an i rr i
a l w as s tea l i ng h is ban a n as So h e took h is g u n a n d .
 no P opu l a r Ta les
l ipi
Fi .
37 1

s hot hi
dea d
m . Thu s the turtl e beca m e free , a n d th e m onkey
w a s ki
lled .

MO R AL : Do n ot be se lfis h

The s tor y of th ese two op po n en ts , the m on k ey a n d th e tu r tle, i

s

des p rea d i
wi n th e P h ii
pp i
n es l . I n th e i o n to a collecti
n tro d u cti on of

B a gobo ta les w hich i n cl u des a vers io n o f th i s fa ble, L a u ra W a tson

‘
ct sa ys (JAF L 2 6 [ 1 9 1 3] y Th e Mon k ey
“
Ben edi The stor of

a n d the Tu rtl e is clea r ly m od i

”
'
fied Spa n i from
sh sou r ce a . I n thi
s

n oteI hope to show n ot on ly tha t th e sto r y is n a tive in th e sense tha t

t m u st ha ve ex i
i n the I s l a n ds from
s ted i p r e-
S pa n i
s h ti
m es , but a lso

th a t the B a g obo versi o n rep resen ts a con n ecti ng in k between th e l

other P h iipp in e fo r l
m s a n d th e o r i
g i
n a sou r ce o f the who e cycle , a l l
B u d d hi
s ti
c J ata k a Merely from th e n u m b er of P hilippin e version s
.

a lrea d y coll ected it seem s rea son a b le to su s pect th a t the stor y i

, s

Ma la ya n : it is fou n d from on e en d o f th e Ar ch ipel a g o to the other a n d ,

th e wi ld trib es ha ve version s as well as the civilized I n a ddition to .

o u r o n e Ta g a log a n d two P a m pa n ga n vers i on s five other P hi lippin e ,

for m s a lrea dy ex is t in p rin t a n d m a y b e cited for com pa r ison These , .

a re th e followi ng

( d) B g b a Th Mo k ey a d th Tort i
o o, e se (JAF L 26 n n e o

( ) Vi y C M ti
"
e sa an, d Ca B a g (J AF L 20
a s n an oo u - :

0) T g la g T h
a o M o k
, y d th T e tl (J A F L n e an e ur e

d th Mo k y ( Cole 1 95 No
“ ”
( g ) Ti g i n The T tl
u an, ur e an e n e , , .

( h) T g l g R ia l M k ey a d th e T tle ’
a a o , z s on n ur .

Be fore d i scu ss i n g th e or i g in o f th e s to r y w e m a y e x a m in e th e di f ,

ferea t in ciden ts fou n d in the P h ilipp in e version s Tha t they va r y .

con s i dera bly m a y b e seen fr om th e follow i n g li st

A Th divii f th b a
e s on o ta l k m k ey ta k es top ; a d t tle oo ts
e n a n a -s : on n ur , r .

M k y on h dies t tl g w o ( A ) m o k ey d t tl
e
’
s s a re
‘ , ur e s
’
ro s: r n an ur e

tog th fi db
e er t g no w i g ; t r t l
a na na b l e to c l
-
i m b b t
r ee m k y r n u e una , u on e

l y g et
iea s t th f i t s a e ru .

B M k ey t l t tl
on s ea s ba a a d wi ur ll ot give him a y o ( B ) tick
e s
'
na n
‘ s n n n r s s
,

b h
a na na u
p i d t h o w it t t r t
s a n us a nle o ( B ) d o p h i cre r s o u , r
’
r s s ex

t i t t r tl m o th
’
m en n o u e s u .

C T tl ur i e, v g
n p l
re t h r
enp ta k (
e,o th o ) a r ou
an s s d b of th
a s es r rn s n ase e

b t d wh
a n a n a - r ee
; m o k y de c d an he i severely i j red o
en n e s en s, s n u , r
‘
( C ) b i kill d e s e .

D T tl ur ll m k y fl e h to oth m o k ey ; eithe his trick i dic v ed

e se s on e - s er n s r s s o er

cci a en
‘
d ta l ly b y th e m o k ey o ( D ) th e tu rtle j eers th em fo ea ti n ng s, r r

of th i k i d e r n .

E T tl i e t c d to d th
ur e s s n en He y e Yo m a y b u ea m e o po . d me sa s, u rn r un ,

b t f u p ity k
or d o t d o w
'
m
s sa e ! T h e m oe k e y d
n o w
’
th r n n s
“
r n e

tu rtle, a nd he esca pes .

l U n fort una tel y s wor k i

thi n a ccesslble a t pres en t. an d I a m
s i n n a ble to i
n di
ca te

tel y i
defin i ts ep i
s o es . d I t con ta i
ns n g u n i ue.
n oth i q h owever .
37 2 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n Fol k L ore Soci
ety -
.

F The m o n k e s a ttem p t to d r i y n k a ll th e w a ter i n the la k e, so as to r ea ch

hy
the tu r tl e : t e b u r s t t em se ves a n d p eri s h l
O r ( F t e g et a fis h h . hy
to d ra i n th e p o n d d ry ; fis h i s p u n ctu red b y a b i rd , w a ter r u s es o t,
u h
a n d m o n k e s a r e drow n ed y O r ( F ) m on k e s s u m m o n a ll the o t er
’
. y h
a ni m a ls to e p t em d ri hl h n k the la k e d ry The a n im a s p u t ea ves o v er . l l
th e en ds of t ei h h
r u r et r a s , so t a t the w a ter wi n o t fl ow o u t ; b u t a h ll
bi l
r d p eck s th e ea ves a w a , a n d the m o n k e s tu r n to reven ge t e m y y h
l
se ves ou the b i rd ( F ) T e ca tc him a n d p u ck ou t a ll h is
'
. hy h l
h
fea t ers ; b u t th e b i r d r eco ver s , a n d r even g es i m se f a s b e ow ( G ) h l l .

y
G Mo n k e s a n d o t er a n i h
m a s a re en ti ced to a fr u i lt tr ee i
-
n a m ea dow , a n d

a re b u r n ed to dea t n a j u n g e fire k i
i h n d ed b y the tu r tle a n d h il s l
frien d th e b i rd .

H Ep i sod e of g u a rdi ng ki g n
’
s fru i t tree o
-
r b rea d tr ee ( C ie p ep per s )
-
hl .

E
J pp i d e o f g u a r d in g ki n g
'
s b e t ( b oa -co n s tr i
c to r ) l .

K Tu rtle deceives m o n k e wit hi y h

s a n s w ers , so t a t th e m o n k e t inks h y h
pa r t o f hi s o w n b od is m oc k in g hi m y E n r a g ed , h e s tr i
k es im se l f . h
wi h
t a s to n e u n ti l he di es .

h
L Tu r tle ca p tu red b y u n ter g ets m on k e to ex c a n g e p a ces wi t hi y
m by h l h
p oin tin g o u t th e a d v a n ta g es of the si tu a ti on Mo n k e s u b seq u en tl . y y
h
s o t b y the u n ter h .

These in ci
den ts a redi
s tri
b u ted as follows
Version ‘
AB C DE
( ) a .

Version ( b) . ABC HJK

Ver sio n ( c) .
( O pen in g d ifl eren t, b u t
'
m on k e yg reed y as i
n B) L

Version ( d)
Versio n ‘
AB C DE F ‘
(e)
Version ‘
A B C ( la ss o n tr u n k of tree) EF yi l
( f) g ( m o n k e n hi
s ra g e ea ps
a fter is dr ow n ed )
tu r tle a n d
Ver si
on (g) .
‘ ‘ h h l
AB C ( s a r p s el s) DEF ( m o n k e s d i ve i n to ca tc fis h y h
h hy l
w en t e see tu r t e a pp ea r w i t one i n his m ou t , a n d h h
a re d r ow n ed ) n ci I
den ts K a n d a fo r m o f J a re fo u n d i
. n

the s tor of y
The Tu r tl e a n d the L i
za r d ( Co e, 1 96) l
The i d en ts com m on to m os t of these vers i
n ci on s a r e som e for m of

A B C DE F ; a n d thes e I thin k we m u st con sider a s in teg ra l pa r ts

, , of

th e s tor y . ll b e
I t wi seen h
t a t on e o f ou r vers i
does on s ( ) c o
p p
r er ly
n ot b el on g to th i s cycl e a t a ll , ex cep t u n d er a ver y b ro a d d efin i on o f
ti
th e g rou p I n a ll these ta les th e tu rtle i
. s th e i n j u r ed cr ea tu re : h e is

r ep res en ted as pa ti en t a n d q u i et, b u t cl ever Th e m o n k ey i s d ep i cted .

a s s el fis h mi schi
, evou s , i n so l en t, b u t s tu p i d I n g en era l , a l thou g h .

th e ver s i o n s di fl er i n deta i ls , they a re a ll the sa m e stor y in tha t they ,

tell h ow a m on k ey i n s u l ts a tu r tle wh i ch h a s d on e h i m n o ha r m , a n d
h ow h e fin a lly p a ys d ea r ly for h i s in su l t .

The oldes t a cco u n t I k n ow of, tell in g of th e con tes ts b etw een th e

m on k ey a n d th e tu r tle i s a B u dd h i s t bi r th s tor y , th e
, Ka cch a pa -

Ja ta k a , N o 2 7 3 w h i
c h
. n a rr,a tes h ow a m on k ey i n su l ted a to r to i
s e by
th r u stin g hi s p en i s dow n th e s l eep i n g tor toi se s th ro a t, a n d h ow th e
’

m on k ey wa s p u n i sh ed Al thou g h th is pa rticu la r ob scen e j es t is

.
374 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Fol k Lore Soci
-
ety .

th e P i
g
”
( Ro th , 1 a nd in tw o other Bo rn eo stor i Nor th
es g i ven
P la n do k a n d Bea r P l a n do k a n d Ti
" ”
b y Eva n s ( p . a nd g er .

I n Ma la ya n s tori es i n g en era l , th e m ou se d eer (pla n dok ) i

-
s en te d
s r ep r e

as the cleveres t o f a n i m a l s ta ki n g th e r Ole of the r a bb i

, t i n A fr i ca n

ta l es , a n d of the j a ck a l i n Hi n doo I n th e I loca n o stor y r eferre d to ,

.

n g s b el t
“ “ ”
b oth these i an d ki a re fo u n d ,
’ ’
n ciden ts ki n g s h ell

thou g h the res t of the ta le b elon g s to the

“
Ca ra n ca l g ro u p ( N o 3 ; .

see a l so No 4 . I n ciden t L is fou n d a m on g th e Neg roes of Sou th

A fr ica (Hon ey, 84 , where the two a n im a ls a re a m on k ey a n d a j a ck a l ) .

With in ciden t G com par e a Tib eta n s tor y ( R a lston No XL II ) , w her e , .

m en ta k e cou n sel as to h ow to ki l l a troop of m on k eys th a t a r e de

s troy i n g thei r co r n Th e p la n i
. s to cu t d ow n a ll th e trees w h i ch s ta n d

a b ou t th e p l a ce, on e Ti n d u k a tree on ly b ei n g a ll ow ed to r em a i
-
n .

A hedg e o f thorn s is d ra wn a b ou t the o pen space, a n d the m on k eys

a r e to b e k i lled in side th e en clos u re when they cl im b th e tree in s ea rch
o f food .The m on k eys esca pe , how ever ; for a n other m on k ey g oes a n d
fire s the vi lla g e, thu s dis tra ctin g the a tten tion o f the m en I n ciden t .

D, th e Thyes tea n ba n qu et i s wi des prea d th ro u g hou t Eu r op ea n sa g a

,

a n d Md r chen litera tu re : b u t even th is in ciden t Cos qu in ( 1 re m ix )

con n ects w i th I n di a throu g h a n An n a m i te ta le W ith in ciden t F ‘ .

com pa re a s tor y from B r i tish Nor th B o rn eo ( Eva n s , 42 9 i n

whi ch th e a dj u ta n t b i
-
rd (tu n gu n ) a n d th e tor toi se r even ge them s e lve s

o n m o n k ey s Th e m on k ey s p u ll ou t a ll of the bi r d s fea th er s w h i le
’
.

i t i s a s l eep . I n tw o m on ths the fea thers g r ow i n a ga i n , a n d th e b i rd

seek s ven g ea n ce I t g ets the tor toi

. se to hel p i t b y p la ci ng i ts bod y i n a

la rg e hol e in the b ottom o f a b oa t, so tha t the wa ter will n ot lea k in ;

th e b i r d then sa i ls the b oa t The m on k eys wa n t a ride, a n d th e b ird
.

lets for ty-on e o f them in W hen the b oa t is ou t in the ocea n a n d

.

beg in s to r oll th e b ir d a d vises the m on k eys to tie their ta ils toge ther
,

two a n d tw o a n d s i t on th e ed g e o f th e b oa t to s tea d y i t Then th e .

bir d flies a wa y the torto ise d rO ps ou t o f the hole, a n d th e b oa t s in k s

, .

All the m on k eys a r e drow n ed b u t the odd on e .

56 . TH E MO N KE Y AN D TH E C R O CO DI LE .

( )
a Ta ga log Ver sion .
l

O n e d a y, w h i l e a cl ever m onkey w as sea r ch ing for h is food

a l o ng th e r i
ver ba nk , h e s a w a ta ll m acopa tr ee l a d en w i
-
th r ipe -

fr u its Th e tr ee w a s s ta nd in g j u st by th e s h or e of a river w h er e
.

a yo ung cr ocod i le l ived After ea ting a ll th e fr u it h e w a n ted ,

.

th e m o nkey cl i m bed d ow n th e tr ee He s uddenly co n ce i ved .

th e d es ir e o f g etti ng on th e oth er s ide of th e w ide r iver b u t h e ,

found n o m ea n s by w h ich to cross At l a s t h e sa w the cr oco d ile , .

1 Na rr a ted by Eng ra cio Aba s ola of Ma ni

la . He hea rd th e stor y fro m h is nep h ew .
 li
Fi p i
n o P opu l a r Ta l es .
375

w ho h a d j us t w a ked up from h is sies ta ; an d th e m onkey sa id

to hi
m i
n a fr i endly w a y
“
My dea r cr ocod ile w ill you do m e , ,
”
a fa vor ?
The cr ocod i
l e w a s g r ea tly s ur pr ised by th is a m i
ca bl e sa lu ta ti
on
“
of th e m onkey How ever he a n sw ered hu m bly
.
, O h yes ! , ,
”
If th er e is an yth ing I ca n do for you I s h a ll b e g l a d to do it , .

The m onkey th en to ld th e cr ocod i le th a t h e w an ted to rea ch

th e o th er s i d e of th e r iver Then th e cr ocod ile sa id I ll ta ke .
,
’

i h l l h Ju i b k d ll ’
y o u o ve r w t a m y ea r t s t s t o n m y a c an . w e g o ,
"
a t o n ce .

When th e m onkey w a s fir m ly sea ted on th e cr ocod ile s ba ck ’

,

th ey beg a n th ei r tri p In a s hor t w h il e th ey rea ch ed th e m iddle

.

o f th e s tr ea m a n d th e crocod i
, le beg a n to l a ug h a l o ud Now .
,
” “
i i i
’
y o u foo l s h m on k ey ! t s a d I ll ea t yo u r l i
v e r a n d kidn e
, ys ,

for I m ver y hung r y Th e m onkey beca m e n er vou s ; b u t he

’
.

“
co n cea l ed h i s a nx i ety an d sa i d To b e s ure ! I thoug h t m y
, ,

s elf th a t you m i g h t b e hun g r y : so I p r ep a r ed m y l i

v e r an d ki d
n eys for your d inner ; b u t unfor tun a tely in ou r h a s te to d epa r t , ,

I l eft them h a n g ing on th e m a copa tr ee I m ver y g l a d th a t you -

.
’

"
Let u s r etu r n an d I ll g et you the food
’
m en ti on ed th e m a tter .
, .

Th e foo l i s h cr ocod i le convin ced th a t th e m onkey w as tell in g

,

th e tr u th tu r n ed ba ck tow a r d th e s h ore th ey h a d j u s t l eft

, .

Wh en th ey w ere nea r th e m onkey nim bly j u m ped on to th e ,

dr y l a nd a n d sca m pered up the tr ee Wh en th e cr ocodile sa w .

“ ”
h ow h e h a d been d ecei ved he sa i d I a m a fool , , .

‘
( )
b Z a m b a l Ver s i
on .

O n e stor m y da y a m onkey w a s s ta nd i n g by th e s hor e of a

river w o nd er i
, ng how h e co uld g et to th e oth er side He could .

n o t g e t over by h i m self ; for th e w a ter w a s d eep , a n d he d i d n ot

know h ow to s w im He looked a bo u t for so m e log s ; b u t a l l
.

h e s a w w as a l a rg e cr ocod i le with its m ou th w ide o pen rea dy to ,

0 Mr
“
sei ze h i m He w as ver y m uch fr i
.
g h ten ed ; b u t h e sa i
d , .

Cr ocod i l e ! pr a y do n ot kill m e ! Spa re m y l ife, a n d I w i

, ll
l ea d yo u pl a ce w here you ca n g et a s m a ny m onkeys as wil l
to a
"
feed y o u a ll y o u r l i
fe .

Th e cr ocod i le a gr eed a n d th e m onk ey sa id th a t th e pl a ce

,

w a s o n th e oth er si de of the r iver So th e cr ocod il e told him to .

t h i b a ck a n d h e w o uld ca r r y hi
m a cr oss Ju s t bef
g e o n s , o re .

1 Na rra te d by L eo pol d o U i
ch a n co. a Tag al og . w ho hear d the stor y from a na ti
ve of

Za m ba les .
37 6 Mem oirs of the Am er i
ca n Fol k Lore Soci
ety -
.

th ey r ea c e h d th e ba nk
j u m ped to l a nd r a n a s
, the m onkey ,

fa s t a s he could a n d cl im bed up a tree w her e h is m a te w a s

, .

The cr ocod il e could n ot follow of course : so he retu r ned to th e ,

“ ”
w a ter sa yi, ng The tim e w ill com e w hen you s ha ll p a y
, .

Not long a fter w a r d s th e m onkey found th e cr ocod i l e l yin g

m oti onless a s i f d ea d
, Abo u t th e pl a ce w ere so m e low C h i
. le
pepper bus h es loa d ed with nu m erous br ig h t r ed fr uits l ike or n a
- -

m en ts on a C h r i s tm a s tr ee Th e m onkey a ppr oa ched th e .

crocod i le a n d beg an pl a ying with h is ta il ; b u t th e cr o cod ile

,

m a d e a s udd en s pr i ng a n d sei z ed th e m onkey so ti g h

, t ly th at
“ "
he could n ot esca pe Th i nk first th ink first ! sa id th e
.
,

m onkey
“
Ma r k you Mr Cr ocod ile ! I a m n ow th e coo k o f
. , .

hi s Ma j es ty the ki ng Those br ig h t red br ea ds h a ve bee n in

.
-

tr u sted to m y ca r e an d th e m o nkey po i ,nted to th e pe pper

“
s h r u bs The m om en t you kill m e th e king w ill a rri
. ve w i th ,

"
th ou sa nd s o f w ell a r m ed tr oo ps a n d w i -
ll pun i s h you , .

Th e cr ocod ile w as fri g h ten ed by w h a t th e m o nk e y s a id .

Mr Mo nkey I did n ot m ea n to h a r m you h e sa id

.
,
“
I , .

wi ll set you free if you w ill let m e ea t only a s m a ny p ieces o f

”
brea d a s w ill r el ieve m y hung er .

“ "
Ea t a ll you can r es po nd ed th e m o nkey k i , ndly Ta ke .

a s m a n y a s yo u pl ea se Th ey a r e fr ee to you . .

With o u t a n other w or d th e cr ocod ile let th e m onkey g o a n d , ,

r u s h ed a t th e h ea vi ly l a den bu s h es The m onkey s l ipped a w a y

-
.

secr etly a n d cl i ,
m bed up a tr ee w h er e h e could enj oy th e d i s ,

co m fitu re o f h i s vo r a ci o u s fri end The cr ocod i l e beg a n to .

co ug h s n eeze
, a n d scr a tch h i, s ton g u e Wh en h e r u s h ed to .

th e r i ver to coo l h i s m o u th th e m onkey o nly l a ug h ed a t hi m , .

MO R AL : U se you r ow n j udg m en t ; do n o t r ely on th e co un sel

o f o th ers fo r i ti s th e fa th er o f d es tr u cti
, on a n d r u in .

NO TE S .

k e th e m on k e
Li y a n d the tu rtle
y a n d the cr ocod ile ha ve , th e m on k e
b een tra d i ti o n a l en em i es fro m time i m m em or i al I n ou r p rese n t .

g ro u p o f s to r i
e s ho w e v er th,e r ol es a r e rever sed : th e m o
, n k ey i
s cl ever ;

th e wa ter a n i m a l (cr ocod i

-
le) cru el a n d s tu p id Two ver y ea r ly form s, .

s ta l e a r e th e n da j ata k a ch tell s h ow th e
“ "
o f thi V an a r i No 57 wh i -
, .
,

crocod i le la y on a rock to ca tch the m o n k ey a n d how the la tter o u t ,

wi tted th e crocod i le ; a n d the Su ms u m ara j ata k a No 208 in w h ich “

-
, .
,

a crocod i le wa n ted the hea rt o f a m o n k ey a n d the m on k ey p reten ded ,

tha t i
t wa s h a ngi
n g on a fig tr ee-
F rom th e B u dd h i
. s tic wr iti
n g s th e

sto r y m a de its wa y in to the fa m o u s co ecti ll

o n k n ow n a s th e Ka li la h
37 8 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Folk Lore Soci
ety -
.

O n ce u pon a ti m e the ki n g of the s hes w a s w a n ti ng in wi sdo m Hi s fi .

a d viser s to d hi l h
m t a t, o n ce h e co u d g et the ea r t of a fox , h e w o u d b e l h l
com e wi se So he sen t a dep u ta ti
. o n con si s tin g of the g r ea t m a g n a tes o f

the sea , w a les a n d ot ers h Our ki n g wa n ts h

o u r a dvice o n so m e s ta te
. y
a ffa i
rs
"
The fox , fla ttered , co n sen ted
. w a le took h i m on h i s b a ck . A h .

O n the w a y the wa ves b ea t u p on him At a s t he a s k ed w a t t e re a l l y . l h hy

wa n ted T e sa i
. hy
d w a t t ei r kin g r ea l h h
w a n ted w as to ea t hi s ea r t, b y ly h
w i h h
c h
he oped to b eco m e clever He sa i d,
“
di d n t yo u tel m e th a t
. Why ’
l
b efore ? wo u d g a d I l l ly fi
sa cr i ce m y il fe for s u c a wor t o b j ect But h hy .

l y l h
w e fox es a wa s ea ve ou r ea r ts a t om e h Ta k e m e b a ck , a n d I ll fe tch it .
’
.

h
O t er wi se I m s u r e o u r kiy
n g wi
’
l y
l be a n g r So t e too k h i m b a ck As . hy .

h l
soon a s he g o t n ea r to the s ore, h e ea p ed o n la n d , a n d cr i ed ,
“
, yo u Ah
l h
foo s ! H a ve yo u ever ea rd of a n a n i l
m a n o t ca rr i n g hi s ea r t wi t hi m? y h h
a n d r a n off The fis h ha d to retu r n em p t
. y .

A r em ni
i s cen ce of t i h
s i den t
n ci i
s a so l fou n d i n Stee Tem p le , l -

No . 11 111 , J a ck a l a n d the P a rtr idg e

“
The ,
”
w her e a p a r tr i
d g e i
n d u ces

a crocod i le to ca rr y h er a n d the j a ck a l a cross a r iver a n d en r ou te ,

su gg es ts th a t he s hou ld u ps et th e j a ck a l b u t a t l a s t di ss u a d es h i m by ,

sa yi n g th a t th e j a ck a l h a d l eft hi s li fe b ehin d h im on th e other s hore .

Rel a ted to ou r Za m b a l s tor y a re tw o m oder n I n dia n fol k ta les in -

wh i ch a j a ck a l i s s u b s ti tu ted for th e m on k ey ( th i s s u b s ti tu ti on i s

a n a l og ou s to th e I n d i a n s u b s ti tu ti on of th e j a ck a l for th e P h i lip p in es
m on k ey i n th e P u ss i n B oots cycle) -
I n th e firs t of thes e
- F rere . ,

The All i J
“ ”
No x x 1v.
, g a t or a n d t h e a ck a l w e h a v e t h e i n cid e n t
of th e h ou se a n sw er i n g when th e ow n er ca ll s I n Steel Tem p le .
-
,

Th e J a ck a l a n d th e C rocodile th e j a ck a l m a k es love to
“ ”
No 101111.
, ,

th e cr ocod i le a n d in du ces her u n der pr om ise of m a r r ia ge to sw im him

, , ,

a cros s a s trea m to so m e fr u i t he w a n ts to ea t W hen s he h a s brou g ht .

hi m b a ck h e s a y s tha t h e th i
, n ks i t m a y b e a lon g ti m e b efore he ca n
m a k e a r ra n g em en ts fo r th e weddi ng Th e cr ocod i le in reven ge .
, ,

w a tches ti ll he com es to dr in k a n d then seiz es h im b y the leg Th e , .

j a c k a l t ell s h e r t h a t s h e h a s g o t h o l d o f a r oo t in s te a d o f hi s le g so s h e :

lets go a n d he esca pes Nex t she g oes to his den to wa it for h im a n d

, . ,

s ha m s dea d W hen the j a ck a l sees her he sa ys tha t the dea d a lw a ys

.
,

w a g thei r ta i ls The crocodile wa g s hers a n d the j a ck a l skips off

.
,
.

C l os ely con n ected w i th th i s la st i s a s tor y b y Ro u se No 2 0 Th e , .

,

n g J a ck a l on ly here th e j a ck a l s O p po n en t i s a tu r tle
”
Cu n n i , Th e ’
.

or i g in a l u n a d
, a p te d s to r y r u n s th u s a s g i
v e n in t h e n o te s b y M r .

Rou se
J ck l a a m l sees o th th
e on s i d f th i
n v e o S er s t t i eo How e r er . ees a or o se .

a re y d
ou a n y f m ily ? ou r I m aw ll b t I h v
" “
a wi f Wh y
e , u a e no e.
”

di d yo t t ll m ? Som
u no e p p l e t h th eid heo v e onk d m to fi
e o d er s e a e as e e n

m t h f th i d h I l“
a a c or g t e r I f yau m i
er .t w il ta k y ou c ea n , e ou a r oss .

T k a hi
es m c hi b k
a ross o n Wh th m l s ac a . ov en th e e e on s re er

j ck l d
a a resses
p a j h t u b i
d an T-
h i
r ee as y o a b i
rd b te. h e
“
er e s ur r e, u s

i t
s oo m od t t p ea
es k t il l I a m
o s go e T toie ca i h im b a ck n .
"
C a ll s or s rr es .

to th t mp
e s u No a w . Goes p a d to ch e i
ns er . t Fi d i u t a t ee n u s . n s r .
 lipi
Fi n o P opu l a r Ta les .
379

Vow s reven g e. d ri j a ck a l
n k s , ca tc es h i
As s leg You fool ! you ha ve h .

g o t h l
o d o f a s tu m b
p y m is ta k e ; see, ere is m l
y ge !
"
p o i
n tin g to s tu m p h .

l h l
Tor toise ea ves o d , J a ck a l esca pes Tor toi se goes to j a ck a s den J a ck a l
. l ’
.

retu r n s , a n d sees th e foo tp r in ts ea d i ng in to th e den Pi l

les dry ea ves a t . l
h
th e m o u t , a n d res t em Tortoi fise ex p i h
res . .

Co m p a re a lso a B orn eo ta l e o f a m l ( Eva n s ,

ou se-deer a n d a crocodie

I n a Sa n ta l s tor y (B om pa s , No cx x m Th e J a ck a l a n d the
“
.
,

Leopa rds ) a j a ck a l tri ck s som e leo pa r d s I n th e secon d ha l f he

”
.

ou tw i ts a crocodi le C rocodile seizes j a ck a l s leg J a ck a l : Wh a t

.
“ ’
.

a fool o f a crocod i le to seize a tree in stea d o f m y leg ! Crocodile ”

lets go a n d j a ck a l esca pes C rocod ile hides in a stra w sta ck to wa it

,
-

for j a ck a l J a ck a l com es a lon g wea r in g a sh eep bell it h as fou n d

.
-
.

C ro cod i le sa ys , Wha t a b other ! Here com es a sheep , a n d I a m

“

n g fo r the j a ck a l J a ck a l hea rs th e ex cla m a tion , bu rn s the

"
wa i ti .

s tr a w s ta ck , a n d k i
-
lls the crocodile .

n d a j ata k a , n s wha t I b el i
“ ”
The V an a r i No 57 , con ta i
-
. eve i s th e

or i g in a l o f th e h ou s e a n sw e r i
n g ow n er-
”
d ro ll e p iso d e in o u r P a m pa n
g a n v a r ia n t T h e m o n
. k e y s u s p e cte d t h e cr o c o d il e o f l u r kin g o n th e
”
rock to ca tch h i m : so h e s hou ted Hi rock ! thr ee firm s , b u t te , ,

cei ved n o a n sw er Then he sa id . How com es i t, F ri en d R ock , tha t

,

y o u w o n t a n sw er
’
m e to -
d a y ?
”
T h e c r oc o d i l e , th in ki n g th a t p er ha p s

i t w a s the cu s tom o f th e rock to retu r n th e g r eeti n g , a n sw ered fo r th e

rock ; w hereu pon th e m o n k ey k n ew o f h i s p resen ce , a n d esca ped b y a

s a lso fou n d i
“
tr ick The hou se a n sw er i
. n g ow n er -
ep i s ode i n a

Z a n zib a r ta le of The Ha re a n d the Lion ( B a tem a n , No 2 , p p

“
. .

Th e ha re her e s u gg es ts a B u dd hi s ti c sou rce .

O f a ll the m od ern O r i en ta l for m s o f th e s tor y , ou r Ta g a l og ver si on

a n d P a m pa n g a n va r i a n t a r e closes t to the J ata k a s , a n d w e m a y con

clu de w i tho u t h es i ta ti on tha t they m a r k a di rect l i n e of descen t from

I n dia The fa ct tha t th e s tor y is pop u la r in m a n y pa rts of the I sla n ds

.

m a k es i t hi g h ly im p ro b a b l e th a t it w a s re i n t ro d u c ed to t h e O ri en t

s h tra n s l a ti
“ ”
throu g h a Spa n i on of th e Ka li la h a n d Di m nah .

F or fu r th er b i b li og r a p hy a n d di scu ss i o n o f th i s cycle , see Dah n

ha r dt, 4 1 2 6 — .

TH E MO N KE YS AND TH E DR AGO N F LI ES ‘
57 .
-
.

O n e d a y w h en th e s u n w a s a t th e zen i
, th a n d th e a i
r w as ver y

h ot a poor d r a g on fl y fa ti
,
-
g u ed w it h h er long j our n ey , a l i
,g h ted
to r es t on a br a n ch of a tr ee i n w hi ch a g rea t m a ny m o nkeys

l ived Wh il e she w a s fa nning h er self with h er w ing s , a m onkey

.

“
a ppr oa ch ed h er , a n d sa i d Ah a ! Wh a t a re you d oi ng her e,,
"
w r etch ed cr ea tu r e ?
1
Na rra ted by Pe dro D L Sorreta .
. . a Bi
col from Al ba y . who sa ys th a t th e stor y i
s
ver y com m on n the i
i sla n d of Ca ta n d ua n es .
380 Mem oirs of the A m er i
ca n Folk Lore Soci
ety -
.

0 si r! I w is h you would perm it m e to res t on th is b r a n ch

"
w hile th e s u n is so hot, sa id th e d r a g on fl y softly I h a ve -
.

been flyi n g a ll m or n i ng , an d I a m so hot an d tired th a t I ca n g o

"
n o fa r th er , s h e a dded .

Indeed ex cl a i
m ed th e m onkey i n a m ocki ng ton e We .

'
don t a ll ow an y wea k crea ture s u ch a s you a r e to s ta y u n d e r o u r
"
s h el ter Go a w a y ! h e s a i
. d a ngr ily an d ta king a d r y t wig , , ,

h e th rew i t a t th e poor crea tu re .

Th e dr a g on fl y bei n g ver y qu ick h a d flown a wa y b e fo r e th e

-
, ,

cr u el m onkey co uld h i t her Sh e hurr i ed to h er br o th e r th e

.

king an d told h im w h a t h a d h a ppened The king beca m e v er y

, .

a ngr y an d reso lved to m a ke w a r on th e m onkeys

, So h e .

d es pa tched th ree of his sold iers to the king of th e m on k e ys w ith

th i s ch a ll en g e

Th e Ki
ng of th e Mon k eys .

Si
r, As on e of you r su b j ects h a s trea ted m y sister cr u elly , I am

r esol ved to k i
ll you a n d you r su b jects with a ll s peed .

D R AGO N .

Th e king l a ug h ed a t th e ch a ll eng e He s a id to
m onkey -
.

th e m esseng ers Let you r ki ,ng a n d h is sold iers com e to th e

”
ba ttl e field a n d th ey w ill see h ow w ell m y troops fig h t
-
, .

“ "
You d on t m ea n w h a t you sa y cr uel ki
’
ng a n sw er ed th e , ,

m esseng er s You s h o uld n o t j ud g e befor e th e fig h t i

. s over .

“ ”
Wh a t fool s w h a t fool s ! ex cl a im ed th e king of th e m o nk e ys
, .

"
Go to you r r ul er a n d tell hi m m y a n sw er a n d h e d r ove th e ,

poor l ittle crea tu res a w a y .

Wh en th e king of th e dr a g on fl ies received th e reply h e im -

,

m ed i a tely o r d ered h i s so ld i er s to g o to th e ba ttl e field bu t -

,

wi th o u t a nyth i ng to fig h t w ith Mea nw h ile th e m onkeys ca m e .

,

ea ch a r m ed w i th a h ea vy s ti ck Th en th e m onkey k i ng s ho u ted
.
-
,
“ "
Str i ke th e flying crea tur es w ith you r clubs ! Wh en King
Dr a g on h ea r d th is or der h e co m m a nded h is so ld iers to a l ig h t
,

on th e for eh ea d s o f th ei r en em ies Th en th e m onkeys b eg a n .

to s tr i ke a t th e d r a g on fl ies w h ich w ere on th e forehea d s o f

-
,

th ei r co m p a n ion s Th e d r a g on fl i.es w er e ver y qu i ck a n d w er e

-
,

n o t hu r t a t a ll : b u t th e m onkeys w er e a ll ki ll ed Thus th e .

lig h t qu
,
ic k w itte d d
-
r a g o n fl i
e s w o n th e v i
c tor y o
-
v er th e s tr o n g
b u t fool i s h m onkeys .
38 2 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Fol k Lore Soci
-
ety .

58 . THE MO NKEY , L
THE TUR T E , AND TH E cnocom m az .
1L

There w as n
o ce a m onkey w ho used to deceive ever yb o d y

w hom h e m et . As i s th e ca se w i th m os t decei vers , h e h a d m a n y

en em i es w h o tr i ed to ki ll h im .

O n e da y, w h i le he wa s w a lking in th e s treets of h is n a tive

tow n , h e m et i n a b y l a n e a tu r tl e a n d a crocod i
-
le Th ey w er e .

so ti red th a t th ey co uld h a r dly brea th e I 11 tr y to d eceive .

’

th ese s l ow cr ea tu res of th e ea r th , sai d th e m onkey to h im s elf .

So sa i d , so done He a pproa ched th e crocod ile a n d tur tl e, a n d

.

sa id to th em , My dea r sirs , you a re so tir ed th a t you ca n h a r d l y

“

m ove ! Wh er e d i d you com e fr om ?

Th e two tr a vellers were so m uch a fl ected by th e kind w o rd s
o f th e m onkey , th a t th ey told h i m a ll a bou t th em sel ves w i th
th e g rea tes t ca nd or i m ag i n a bl e They sa id We a re s tra n g ers
.
“
,

w ho h a ve j u s t m a d e a long j ou r n ey from ou r n a ti ve tow n We .

"
d on t know w h ere to g et food or w here to s pend th is cold n ig h t
’
.

I ll condu ct you to a pl a ce w here you ca n s pend th e n ig h t

'

"
a n d g et a ll you w a n t to ea t, sa i d the m on key .

"
All r i g h t , s a id th e tw o t r a v ell er s Lea d o n ! fo r.w e a r e

ver y hung r y a n d a t th e sa m e ti m e ver y ti r

“ "
Follo w m e ,sa i d th e cr a fty m onkey .

Th e tu rtl e a n d th e crocod i l e foll owed th e m onkey a n d soo n ,

“
h e bro ug h t th em to a field full of r i pe pu m pk ins Ea t a ll .

th e pu m pki n s yo u w a n t a n d then res t h er e Mea n w h ile I ll

,
’
.

g o h o m e a n d t a k e m y s l ee p , t oo .

Wh il e th e tw o hungr y tra veller s w er e enj oying a h ear ty

m ea l th e o w n er o f th e pl a n ta ti
, o n h a ppen ed to p a ss by Wh en .

h e sa w th e cr ocod i l e h e ca ll ed to h is l a bor ers a n d told th em to

, ,

br ing long po l es a n d th eir bolos Th e tur tl e clung to th e ta il .

of th e cr ocod i l e a n d a w a y th ey w ent
, .

“ "
Don t cl ing to m y ta il ! Don t cl ing to m y ta il ! sa id th e
’ '

“
cr ocod i le . I ca nno t r u n fa s t if you cl ing to m y ta il Let g o ! .

"
for th e m en w i ll soon over ta ke u s .

“ "
I h a ve to cl ing to you r ta il , sa id th e tur tl e o r el se th er e ,

wi ll b e n o on e to pu s h you .

B u t th ei r a tte m p t to esca pe w a s un s u cces s ful Th e m en o ve r .

took them an d ki ll ed th em both Such w a s th e unh a ppy en d

.

of th e tu r tl e an d th e cr ocod i le .

MO R AL : Never tr u st a n ew friend o r a n old enem y .

Narra ted by Vicen te Hila ri o. s Ta g a log fro m B a ta n g a s . He h ear d th e s tor y fro m

hi d ti
s fa th er . w h o sa i th a t i s com m on a m on g th e coun tr y peop le a ro un dB a ta nza s tow n .
 Fi
lipin o P opu la r Ta l es . 8
3 3

NO TE S .

I k n ow o f n o ex a ct pa r a llels for th is s to r y, thou g h th e ch a r a cter of

th e m on k ey a s cted here
dep i s si
i mi la r to tha t in NO 55 Com p a re . .

wi th i t th e r ol e of th e deceitfu l j a ck a l in som e o f th e Sou th A fr i ca n

s tor i
es Meteler k a m p No v ; Hon ey 22 , 2 4 , 45 1 05, , .Thi s , ,

on s to r y , m a n u fa ctu red l on g a go , how

“ ”
m a y b e a sor t of com pen sa ti
ever , in whi ch th e m on k ey g ets even w i th h is tw o tr a di on a l o ppon en ts ,
ti
the cr ocod i le a n d the tu rtle .

59 . TH E I GUANA AND TH E TU R TL E .
l

O n ce upo n a ti m e th er e l ived two g ood fr iend s , an i g u a n a

a n d a tu r tl e They a lw a ys wen t fis h i
. ng tog ether O n e da y .

n vited th e igu a n a to g o ca tch fish in a cer ta in po nd

th e tur tl e i
th a t h e kn ew of . Af ter th ey h a d been th ere hou rs a bo u t tw o ,

th e old m a n w h o ow n ed the po nd ca m e a l ong Th e i g u a n a es .

ca ped b u t th e tu r tl e w a s ca ug h t
, Th e old m a n took th e tu r tl e .

h om e tied a str ing a ro und its neck a n d fa s tened it un der th e

, ,

h ou se .

Ea r ly in the m or n ing th e igu a na w ent to look for h is fr iend th e

tu r tl e Th e i
.
g u a n a w a nd er e d e v er y w h er e l oo k in g f o r h im ,

a n d fin a lly b e found h i m under th e old m a n s h ou se ti

’
ed to a ,

pos t .

“
Wh a t a r e you doing here m y fr iend ? sa id th e ig u a n a , .

Th a t old m a n w a n ts m e to m a r r y h i s d a ug h ter b u t I do ,
"
n ot w a n t to m a r r y h er sa i d th e tu rtl e , .

Now th e i g u ,a n a v er y m u ch w a n t e d a w ife a n d h e w a s d e ,

lig h t ed a t th i
s c h a n c e S o h e a s ke d th e. tu r tl e to b e a l l o w e d to

ta ke h i s pl a ce Th e tu r tl e con sen ted

. So th e i g u a n a r e l ea se d .

th e tu r tl e a n d w a s ti
, ed up i n hi s pl a ce Then th e tu r tl e m a de .

o ff a s fa s t a s h e co uld .

When th e old m a n woke up h e h ea r d som e on e sa ying over ,

“ "
a n d over a g a i n I w a n t to m a r r y your d a ug h ter
, He b e .

ca m e a ng r y an d w en t dow n und er th e h ou se to see w ho w as

,
“
ta l k ing Th ere h e found th e igu a n a sa ying
. I w a n t to m a rr y ,
"
your d a ug h ter Th e old m a n pi
. cked up a b i g s tic k t o b ea t its

h ea d b u t th e i
, g u a n a cu t th e s t r i
n g a n d ra n a w a y .

O n hi s w a y h e ca m e a cross th e tu r tl e a g a i n w ho w a s l isten i ng ,

to th e so und p ro du ced by th e r ubbi ng of two ba m boos w hen the

"
wi nd blew Wh a t ! a r e you her e a g a in ? sa id th e i
.
g u a n a .

Narra ted by Six to Gu ico of B lna lo a n P a ng as in a n who sa ys tha t the story is fa irly
n . .

com m on a m on g th e P a n g a si
n a n es .
 8
3 4 M em oirs o f the Am eri
ca n Folk L ore Soci
ety -
.

qu iet ! sa id th e tu r tl e
Be I a m l istening to th e p ip e o f .

" ’
m y g r a ndfa th er up th ere Don t you h ear it? .

Th e i g u a n a w a n ted to see th e tu r tl e s g r a ndfa th er so h e

'
,

m bed up th e tr ee a n d p u t h i
cl i s m ou th between th e tw o b a m ,

boos th a t w ere ru bbing tog ether His m ou th w as ba dly pin ch ed .

,

a n d h e fell d ow n to th e g roun d The tur tle m ea n w h ile h a d .

MO R AL : Th is tea ches th a t th e on e who bel ieves fool is h l y wi

ll
be i
nju red .

NO TES .

Th i
s y is dou b tless n a tive A Tin gu ia n ta le rela ted to o u rs is
stor .

g iven b y Co l e ( NO w h os e a b s tr a ct r u n s th.us :

A t tl d li d g t tea l gi g
ur e an Th lia rd ta lk
za r lou dly th t
o o s n er . e z s so a

he tt ct th
a ra tt ti s f th ow e a Th t tl h i
en d ; b t th l ia d
on o e n er . e ur e es u e z r

ru dip
n s, a n d b y the m a
s Th t tl
u rs u e t th h se a d h i des u n. e ur e en ers e ou , n n

d a cocoa
er t h ll Wh th m its th hell th t tle ca ll He
nu -
s e . en e an s on e s , e ur s.

ca t dic v
n no ce
s o f ise er d th i k iso u rt c m f om h i tes ti
o cl es
no , an n s o es r s .

H t i
e s rk th wi th a
es t esed di The t rtl a d the lia d s ee
s o n e, an es . u e n z r a
Th li d h t Th ey ee a b id
’
b ee s t n es . t g ti te di t g
za r a s en sa re o e , an s s un . s r -s
n ,

a d t
n tl cl i m i
ur t e th akl c f hi f th
s Lia d ru
as to g et i
e n ect but a e o s a er . z r ns ,

i ca g h t
s u d ki ll d an e .

Som e o f th e i
n ciden ts fou n d i n th e Ti a n s tor y w e ha ve m et w i
n gu i th
n NO
i 55 ; e g .e p i
s od es K , J , L
.
, a n d
.
“
,kin g
’
s bell ”
I n d eed , th e re .

a p pea rs to b e a c ose co n n ecti

on l Mon k ey a n d Tu r tle
betw een th e
“ "

g ro u p a n d th i
s s to r y . A Bo rn eo ta le of th e m o u se d eer (pla n dok ) s m a l l -
,

tu r t e l ( kik u ra ) , l o g
n -
led m on k ey (b ra ) a n d b ea r con ta in s th e
ta i ,
“
ki ng s
’
n eck a ce l h i den t,
n ci a nd m an y ot er si
tu a ti
on s wor th y of
n oti
ce . A b rief su m m a r y of the dr oll wh ich , m ay be fou n d i
n Roth ,

1 34 2 -
34 6 is he
, r e g i
v en .

The Kik u r a deceives the P la n do k with the n eck a ce se l ll ( sn a re) , a nd th e

l
P a n do k i s ca u g t
h
dea t , a n d i s t row n a w a
i l
tse f o n the tu r tl e I t en ti ces the tu r t e i
g iv e i
t a g ood p a ce to s eep
fas ten s i t wi t a fo r k ed s ti
th e tu r tle , b u t esca pes w i
en th e h Wh
u n ter co m es u p , the i
. tt e a n i m a l fei g n h
s l l
h
m m edi a te i y I
t j u m ps u p , a n d i.s o ff to r even g e ly
. n to a co ver ed p i t b y p reten d i n g to l
l l
Ma n ex a m in in g p itfa discovers tu r tle, a n d
. ll
h
ck Mo n k e co m es a on g , ex c a n ges p a ces with
. y l h l
t his i fe b y fei g n in g d ea d , a s d i h
d the P a n do k l l .

y l
Mo n k e , tu r tle , a n d P a n dok go s in g Mo n k e s tea s r ide a cross s tr ea m fih . y l
o n b a ck f
o g oo d -n
a tu r ed fis h w i c h e la ter tr ea c ero u sl k ils The t ree
, h h h y l . h
fri en d s p rep a r e th e fis h , a n d B r u i n co m es a o n g F ea ri n g the si z e o f th e l .

b ea r s a p pe ti
’
te, t e sen d hi m to w as hy
the p a n ; a n d w en he r etu r n s , fis h , h h
y l
m on k e , tu r t e, a n d m o u se deer
-
a ve d i s a pp ea r ed h .

Th e es ca p e o f s n a r ed a n i
m a s and l birds by sha m m in g dea d a n d ,

then m a k i
n g off wh en th e hu n ter o r fow l er th r ows th em a s i
de as
wo rth less , s com m on ly m et w i
i th i n B u dd h i c fa b l es
s ti .
386 Mem oirs of ca n Fol k L or e Soci
the A m eri ety -
.

m osqu i
to ha s ha d n o voi
ce ; a n d h e h as been a fr a id to ca r r y hi
s

da gg er for fea r of g rea ter pun is h m en t

, .

( )
’
b TH E P U GU s CA SE )
Wh y hor se d th e pu g u (a s m a ll bir d ) d id yo u to u ch
, , sa i ,

m y eg g s so th a t n ow th ey a re b roken ?
,
“
B eca u se sa id th e horse , th e cock crow ed an d I w as , ,

"
s ta r tl ed .
“
Why k sa id th e pn gu
, coc , did you cr ow s o th a t th e , ,

hor se w as sta r tl ed a n d br oke m y eg g s ?

“
B eca u se sa id th e cock, I sa w the tur tl e ca r r yin g his ,
"
h ou se ; th a t m a d e m e cr ow .

“ "
Why tur tl e sa id the pu g u
, , did yo u ca r r y y o u r h o u se ,

wi th you so th a t th e cock cr ow ed a n d th e h or se w a s s ta r tl ed
, ,

an d br o ke m y eg g s ?

B eca u se s a i d th e tur tle th e firefly w a s ca rr yi

, n g fir e a n d
, ,
”
I w as a fra id th a t he w ould bur n m y hou se .

“ “
Why fir efly sa id the pu g u d id you bring fir e s o th a t the
, , , ,

tu r tle w a s fr i
g h ten ed a n d ca rr i
e d h i
s h o u se a n d th e co c k c r o w ed ,

w h en h e sa w h i m a n d th e h ors e w a s s ta r tl ed a n d b r o k e m y
,

eg g s ?
“
B eca u se, sa i d th e fi refly , th e m o squ i
to w i
ll s ting m e i
f
"
I h a ve n o l ig h t .

“
Why m osqu ito sa id th e pn gn
, did you tr y to s ti
, n g th e ,

fir efly so th a t h e h a d to ca r r y fire so th a t th e tu r tle w a s fr ig h t

, ,

en ed a n d ca r r i ed h is h o u se so th a t th e cock l a u g h ed a t th e
,

tu r tl e so th a t th e h or se w as s ta r tl ed a n d br oke m y eg g s ?
,

“ " “
B eca u se d th e m osqu ito Ju a n p u t up h is m osq u ito
sa i , ,

n et a n d th er e w a s n o body for m e to s ti
, ng ex cept th e fir e fly

“
Why Ju a n , , psa i th eddi
d yo u p u t up y
u guo u r m o s q,ui
to
n et? Th e m o squ i ng you a n d tr ied to h a r m th e
to co uld n ot s ti ,

fi refly ; th e fir efly broug h t fir e ; th e tu r tl e w a s frig h ten ed a n d ,

ca r r ied h i s h o u se w i th h i m ; th e cock cr ow ed w h en h e s a w th e
tu r tl e ; th e h or se w a s sta r tl ed w h en h e h ea r d th e cock a n d b r o ke ,
"
m y eg g s
B eca u se, sa i d Ju a n , I did n o t ca r e to l ose any bl ood .

1 N a rra te d by Bi en ven i o d Ta n of M an i
la , w h o g ot th e s tory from P a m pa n g a .
 lipin o P opu la r Ta l es
Fi . 8
3 7

( )
c WHY M O SQ UI TO E S HU M AND TR Y To GET 1NT0 TH E HO LES
l
OF OU R EAR S .

A l on g ti uch qu ieter an d
m e a g o , w h en th e w or ld was m
young er th a n it is n ow peopl e told a n d bel ieved m a ny str a ng e ,

s to r i
es a bo u t w o nd er ful th i ng s w hich n one of u s h a ve ever
seen In th ose ver y ea r ly tim es in th e p r ovin ce of B ohol
.
, ,

th er e l ived a cr ea tu re ca ll ed Ma ng l a ; h e w a s ki ng of the cr a bs .

O n e ni g h t a s h e w a s v er y
, t ire d a n d s l ee py M a n g l a o r d e r ed ,

hi s o ld s h er i
‘
ff C a g a n g l ea d er of th e s m a ll l a nd cr a bs to ca ll
, ,
-
,

hi s foll ow ers B a ta k ta k ‘ before him Al th oug h th e s h er i ff .

, ,

w as old yet h e br oug h t them a ll i

, n i n a ver y s h or t ti me Th en .

Ma ng l a sa id to th e B a ta k ta k You m u s t a ll w a tch m y h ou se ,

w hi le I a m s lee ping ; b u t do n ot m a ke a n y noise th a t w ill w a ken

Th e B a ta k ta k s a id We a r e a lw a ys r ea dy to o bey yo u
" “ "
me .
, .

So Ma n g la w en t to s l eep .

Wh il e h e w a s s no r ing it beg a n to r a in so h a r d th a t th e gu a r d s ,

could n o t h elp l a ug h i ng The king a w oke ver y a ngr y ; b u t .

,

a s h e w as s ti ll ver y tired an d s leepy he d id n ot im m ed ia tely ,

a s k th e B a ta k ta k w h y th ey l a ug hed He w a i ted ti ll m or n ing .

ca m e So a s soo n a s th e s u n s h one h e ca lled th e B a ta k ta k

.
, , ,
“
a n d sa i d to th em Why did you la ug h l a s t n i , g h t? D i
d I n o t
tell yo u n ot to m a ke a n y noi se ?

Th e B a ta k ta k a n sw ered so ftly We could n ot h elp l a ug hing , ,

beca use l a s t n ig h t w e sa w ou r old fr iend Hu m a n ca r r ying 5 -

"
hi s h ou se on h i s s h o uld er O n a ccoun t o f th i s rea so n a bl e reply .
,

th e ki n g p a rd oned th e B a ta k ta k Th en h e cal led h is sh er iff . ,

a n d to ld h i m to s u m m on Hu m a n In a sh ort tim e h e ca m e -
. .

“ "
Th e ki n g a t o n ce s a i d to h im Wh a t did you do l a s t nig h t? ,
“ "
Sir r epl i ed Hu m a n hu m bly
, I w a s ca r r ying m y h ouse
-
, ,

beca u se An in ipo t w a s br in g ing fir e a n d I w as a fr a id th a t m y ,

"
o nly d w ell i n g w ould b e bur ned Th is a n sw er seem ed reaso n .

a bl e to th e ki ng so h e pa r doned Hu m a n Then he told h is

,
-
.

s h er ifl Ca g a ng to s u m m on An i ni p o t Wh en A n in i
p o t a pp e a r e d .
,

th e k i ng w ith eyes fl as h ing w ith a ng er sa id to th e culpr it

, , ,
“ "
Why w er e yo u ca rr ying fire l a s t n ig h t?
1 N a rra te d by F er m i
n Torra l b a. a sa ya n fr o m Ta g b lla ra n . B o h ol .
Vi He h ea r d th e
s to r y fr o m a n o ld s p rovi
m a n of hi n ce.

3 M a n gla , g la n
bi d bs
-cra .

C a g a n g . s m a ll la n d cra bs
- .

B a ta k ta k , n o n -ed i le b fro g s .

H at-m a n la n , d -s n a i
ls .

A n in ipot, firefl i
es.
 An i
nip o t w a s y m uch fr ig h tened b u t he did n ot lose his
ver ,

wi ts In a tre m bl ing voice he a n sw ered Sir I w a s car r yi

. ng , ,

fir e beca u se La m oe w as a l w a ys tr yi
, n g to b i te m e To p ro .

”
teet m yself I a m g oi ng to ca r r y fire a ll the tim e
, Th e k i ng .

tho ug h t th a t An i ni p o t h a d a g oo d reaso n so h e p a r d on ed ,

hi m a l so .

The king n ow r ea l i z ed th a t th ere w a s a g rea t dea l o f tr o u bl e

brew ing i n his ki ng dom of w h ich he w ould n ot ha ve been a w a re

,

if h e h a d n o t been a w a kened by the B a ta k ta k So h e s en t .

hi s s her i ff to g et La m oc In a s h ort tim e Ca ga n g a pp ea r ed

.

wi th La m oe B u t La m oc before h e l eft h i
. s own ho u se , ha d ,

told a ll hi s com pa n i o n s to foll ow h i m for h e ex pected tr ou ble , .

B efore La m oc rea ched th e pa la ce th e ki n g w a s a l rea d y s h o u ti ng ,

wi th r a g e so La m oc a pp roa ched th e ki
, ng a n d b it his fa ce .

Then Ma ng la cri
“
ed ou t Iti s tr u e w h a t I h ea rd fro m B a ta k ta k
, , ,
”
Hu m a n a n d An i
-
, nip o t ! T h e k i
n g a t o n ce or d ere d hi s s h er i
fl
to ki ll La m oc ; b u t before Ca g an g could ca rry ou t th e or d er
, ,

th e com pa n i on s of La m oc r u s hed a t hi m He kill ed L a m oe .

,

h ow ever a n d then ra n to his hom e foll owed b y La m oc s

, ,
'

fr iend s w ho w ere ben t on a veng ing the m u rder As C a g a n g s

, .
’

h ou se w a s ver y deep under the gr o un d La m oc s fr i

’
en ds ,

co uld n ot g et i n so th ey r em a i , n ed a n d hu m m ed a ro u nd
th e d oor .

Even to d a y w e ca n see th a t a t the doors of th e h ou ses of

-

Ca g a n g a n d hi s foll ow ers th ere a re m a ny fr i end s o f L a m oe

h um m i ng a n d tr ying to g o in side I t is sa id th a t th e L a m oe .

mi s ta ke th e h o l es o f o u r ea r s fo r th e h o use o f C a g a n g a n d th a t ,

th a t i s th e reaso n m os qu i toes h u m a bo u t o u r ea r s n ow .

A TYR ANT ( )
d ’
.

O n ce th ere l i ved a tyr a nn i ca l king O n e o f h is l a w s p ro .

hi bi ted th e p eo pl e fr o m ta lki ng l o udly Even w h en this la w .

h a d been p u t i n fo r ce h e s ti ll w as n o t sa tis fied : so h e o r d ere d

,

th e la w to b e enfor ced a m ong th e a n i m a ls .

O n e o f hi s o fficers o n ce h ea r d a frog cr oa k Th e o fficer .

ca ug h t th e f rog a n d ca r r i ed it before th e ki ng Th e kin g b eg a n .

“
a l by s a yi Don t you kn ow th a t th ere is a l a w p r o
’
th e tr i ng ,

"
hi bi tin g m en a n d a n i m a l s fro m m a ki ng a noi se ?

Yes yo ur Ma j es ty
“ " “
,
sa i
d th e frog b u t I coul d n o t h e lp
, ,

q u itoes
L a m o c, m os .

3 Nar ra ted b y F a cu n do Esq u i

vel of Jae n . N u eva Ecija . Th i s a Ta g a lo g
s i s to r y .
390 Mem oirs of ca n Folk Lor e Soci
the A m eri ety -
.

Version a ( P a m p a n g o) , al
Tri a m on g Anim l a s, Bi rd vs frog ; fr o g vs tu r tle ;
. .

tu r tle vs fir e fl ; fir e fl vs . y y .

m os q u i
to .

Versi
o n 6 ( P a m p a n g o) , The P u g u
’
s C as e P u g u vs o rs e ; h o rs e vs
. h .

cock ; cock vs . tu r tl e
tu r tle vs fir e fl y ; fir e fl
. y
vs . m os q u i
to ; m o s q u ito
vs . Jua n .

Versi
on c ( V i
sa y a n ) , Why M os q u itoes Hu m C ra b fr o g s ; fr o g s vs
vs . .

l
s n a i; s n a ivs fire fl y ; fire l .

y
fl vs m osq u ito . .

o n d ( Ta g a lo g )
Ver si A Ty Kin g s o flicer vs fr o g ; fr og
'
ra n t .

vs s n a i; s n a i
. l
l vs fir e fl ; . y
fire fl y
vs m o s q u i to . .

Version g o) , The B a cu it s C a se B a cu i fr o g ; fr o g vs
'
e ( P a m p a n t vs . .

tu r tle ; tu r tl e vs fir e fl . y .

W ith th e on o f
ex cep ti th e on of s n a i for
tu ti
su b s ti l l
tu rt e, a n d cra b fo r
bir d , i
n th e T a g a lo g a n d V i
s a y a n ver s i
o n s , fo u r o f th ese fo r m s ( , c, d,
a

ca lly i
e) a r e p ra cti den ti ca l P a m pa n g o e l a ck s th e fou r th lin k in the
.

cha in ( fir efly vs m os qu ito ) . P a m pa n go b a dds o n e l i nk

.
( h o r s e a s .

cock ) , a n d su b sti tu tes cock for frog ; th e m eth od of n a rr a ti o n va r i es

som ewha t fro m th e others , a l so The p u n i s hm en t o f th e m os q u i

. to
al
An im a ls develo p s in to a
“ "
di
ffer s i
n a , c, a n d d . Th e Tr i a m on g

j u st so stor y a n d m a y b e a con n ectin g l in k b etw een a Tin g u ia n

-
”
,

fa b le (Cole No 84 ) a n d two B orn eo s a y in g s ( Eva n s

, . I n th e ,

a m os q u i
“
Ti n gu ian , to ca m e to bi te a m a n Th e m a n sa id You .
,

a r e ver y l i ttl e a n d ca n d o n oth i Th e m osqu i "

, n g to m e to a n sw er ed .
,
“
I f you h a d n o ea rs I wou l d ea t you , Th e B a j a n ( B o r n eo ) sa yin g .
"

is , Mosq u itoes do n ot m a k e th eir b u in g u n l ess they a r e n ea r m en s

“
zz
'

ea r s ; a n d then they sa y I f these w er e n ot you r ea rs I wou ld swa llow

‘
, ,

Th e Du s u n ver si on ( B o r n eo ) is T h e m os q u ito s a y s
‘
I f ,
“
,

th ese w er e n o t yo u r hor n s I w ou l d sw a llow yo u Th e k ill in g fly

’ “
.
,

d ro ll ep i n a tes th e Ta g a log ver s i

"
o n fa ce s od e whi ch ter m i , o n (d ) ,

w e h a ve a l r ea d y m et w i th tw i ce Nos 9 a n d 57 Th e lin k, .

fir efl y vs m os q u i sa ya n s to r y
“ " “
. to s fo u n d i
i n th e V i Th e A p e a n d
refl y
”
th e F i (J A F L 2 0

Ther e ca n b e n o qu es ti o n b u t tha t th i s cy cl e is n a tive to th e I s l a n d s ,

a n d w a s n ot i m po r ted fro m th e O cci d en t A Ma l a ya n stor y g ive n b y .

Sk ea t ( F a b l es a n d F ol k Ta l es fr om a n E a s ter n Forest 9 Wh o
-
“
,

Ki lled the O tter s B a b ies ? is clea rly r ela ted to ou r ta les a t lea s t in
’ "
,

dea
i and m et od h
The d eer ( pla n dok ) i
m o u se -
s c a r g ed w i t kii h
n g th e o tter s b a b i es b y h ll '

tr a m p li h
n g t em to d ea t b u t ex cu s es i h
m se f b y sa yi
, n g t a t h e w a s fr i
g t h l h h
e n ed b eca u se the w oo d p eck er so u n ded h i s w a r g on g I n th e tr ia l b e fo re -
.

Ki n g So lo m o n , th e a b o ve fa cts co m e o u t, a n d th e w oo d p eck er is a s k ed w h
y
he sou n ded the w a r -go n g .
 Fi
lipin o P opu la r Ta les .
39 1

WO O DP EC KER B eca u se th e gr ea t i
. za r d wa s wea r i
n g his s w o rd l .

G R E AT L IZ A R D B eca u se the to r toi

. se h a d do n n ed his coa t of m a i l .

TO R Tors E B eca u se Ki
. n g C r a b w a s tr a iin g hi
s t ree ed g ed p i
-
ke l h .

K1NG C R A B B eca u se C ra s
. w a s s ou deri n g his a n ce yfi h h l l .

C R A FI SH Y
B eca u se O tter w a s co m i
. n g do w n to d evo u r m y c id r en hl .

h
T u s th e ca u se of the dea t of the o tter s c id r en i s tr a ced to the o tterh '
hl
h i
m se f l .

An other F a r B a s tem sto r y fro m La os ( Fren ch I n do- C h i

-
na) , en

tl ed M l
"
ti Rig h t a n d ig h t ( F ees o n , i
s wor th n otice

Ad frig t
eer ,
e n ed b y th e h
n o i
se o f a n o w l a n d a cr i
c k e t, fl ee
s t r ou g th e h h
fo res t a n d i n to a s tr ea m , w ere i h
t cr u s es a s m a l fis h a l m os t to dea t h l h .

l
The fis h co m p a in s to the cou rt ; a n d the deer , ow l , cr i ck et, a n d fis h a ve h
a l
a wsu i t I n th e tr i
. a l co m es o u t t i s evi den ce : As the d eer fl ed , he ra n h
in to so m e d r y g r a ss , a n d th e seed fel i n to th e eye of a w id c i l
ck en a n d th e l h ,

p a i
n ca u s ed b y t h e seed m a d e th e c i
c k e n fl u a
p g a in s t a n es t o f r ed h
a n ts y .

Al a r m ed , the r ed a n ts i fl ew
n t ei r a s te b i to d o b a ttl e,
t a m o n g oo se
ou t a nd h h .

Th e m o n g oose ra n in to a vin e of w id fr u it, a n d s oo k se ver a p i eces of i t l h l

o n the ea d of a her m it, w ho sa t t i h
n kin g u n der a tr ee Th e er m it t en h . h h
t w hy i
a s k ed th e fr u i t fe l , a n d th e fru i l
t b a m ed the m on goose ; m o n g oose l
l
b a m ed a n ts ; a n ts b a m ed c i ck en ; c i l h
ck en b a m ed seed ; seed b a m ed d eer ; h l l
d ee r b a m ed o wll "
O O w l ! as k ed th e er m i
. t, w h y di d s t t o u fr i g te n th e h h h
d eer ?
”
Th e o w l r ep li
ed ,
“
ca led b u t as I a m a ccu s to m ed to ca I l the ll ;

cr ick et, too ca ed

”
, ll
H a vin g ea r d the eviden ce, th e j u d ge sa s
. h The y ,

cr i l
ck et m u s t rep a ce th e cr u s hed p a r ts o f th e fis h a n d m a k e i t w ell ,
”
a s h e,

th e cri ck et, ca ed a n d fri g tll

e n ed th e d eer S in ce th e c ri c k h
e t i
s s m a er . ll
h
a n d w ea k er t a n th e o w l o r th e d eer , h e h a d to b ea r th e p e n a l t y .

GR EEDY C R O W 61 . THE .
1

O n e d a y a cr ow found a p i ece of m ea t on th e g r ound He .

p icked it up a n d fl ew to th e top of a tr ee Wh il e h e w a s sitting .

th er e ea ti ng h is m ea t a k a sa yk a sa y (a s m a ll bird ) p a ssed by ,
.

Sh e w a s ca rr yi ng a d ea d r a t a n d w a s flying ver y fa s t The ,

.

“
cr ow ca ll ed to h er a n d sa i d Kas a yk a s a y w her e di
,
d you , ,
"
g e t th a t d ea d r a t th a t y o u h a v e ? B u t th e s m a l l b ir d d d
i n o t
a n s w er : s h e fl ew o n h er w a y Wh en th e crow sa w th a t sh e .

p a id n o a tten tion to h im h e w a s ver y a n gr y ; a n d he ca lled ou t , ,

K a s a yk as a y Ka s a yk a sa y s to p a n d g i
, ve m e a p i ece of th a t ,
”
r a t or I w i
, ll foll ow you a n d ta ke th e w h ole th ing for m yself !
Sti ll th e s m a ll bir d pa id n o a tten tion to h im At l a s t full of . ,

g r ee d a n d ra g e th e cr o w d et er m i n e
,d to h a ve th e r a t by a n y
m ea n s He l eft th e m ea t h e w as ea ti
. ng an d fl ew a f ter th e ,

s m a ll cr ea tu r e Al th oug h s h e w a s only a l i
. ttl e b ir d th e K a sa y ,

ka s a y could fly fa s ter th a n th e crow : so h e co uld n ot ca tch h er .

1 N a rra te d by Ag a pi
to 0 . Ga s . fro m Taa l , B a ta n ga s. He h ea r d th e stor y from an

o ld Ta g a log m a n w h o i
s n ow d ea d .
 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n Fol k T
-
or e Society .

Wh il e th e cr ow w a s ch a s ing th e Ka sa yk a sa y a h a w k h a p p en ed ,

to p a ss by th e tr ee w h ere th e cr ow h a d l ef t hi s m ea t Th e h a w k .

sa w th e m ea t an d a t on ce sei, z ed i ti n hi s cl a w s a n d fl e w a w a y .

Al thoug h th e cr ow pur su ed th e Kas a yk a sa y a lo n g ti m e ,

h e could n ot over ta ke h er : so a t l a s t h e g a ve up h i s a ttem p t ,

a n d fl ew b a ck to th e tr ee w h er e h e h a d l eft hi s m ea t B u t w h en .

h e ca m e to th e s pot a n d found th a t th e m ea t w as g o ne h e w a s
, ,

a lm ost r ea dy to d i e of d i sa ppoi n tm en t a n d h u n g er B y and .

by the h a w k w h ich h a d ta ken th e m ea t pa ssed th e tr ee a g a rn .

He ca ll ed to the cr o w a n d s a i d to h im “
Mr C row d o yo u
, , .
,

know th a t I a m th e o n e w ho took yo u r m ea t? If n o t I w il l ,
"
tell you n ow a n d I a m ver y so rr y for you
, .

Th e cr ow di d n ot a n sw er th e h a w k for he w a s so ti re d a n d ,

w ea k th a t h e co uld h a r dly br ea th e .

Th e m o ra l o f th i
s s tor y is th is : Do n o t b e g r eed y B e co n .

ten ted w i th w h a t you h a ve a n d d o n ot w i s h for w h a t y o u d o

,

n ot ow n .

N O TE S .

Th is fa bl e a p pea r s to b e d i
s ta n tly rel a ted to th e Eu ro pea n fa b le o f

Th e Dog a n d h i s Sha dow More closely con n ected how ev er is a n

.
, ,

l
a p o og u e i
n cor pora ted i
n a s t c b r th s tor y , th e
B u ddh i i i -
C u lla d
h a n u gga ha -j ata k a , I n dia n y
"
No 374
. . I n thi
s s tor ,

An u n fa i
t h f l w if l
u e e opi
ng wi
t hh l erb a n k of a s tr ea m
ves a t the
o ver a rr i .

h l
T ere the o ver per s u a d es h er to s tr ip er se f, so t a t h e m a y ca r r y h er h l h
l h
c o t es a cr os s th e s tr ea m , w i c h h
h e p r oceed s to do , b u t n ever r e t u r n s .

I n d r a , seei n g h er p i g t , c a l h
n g es im se fhin to a j a c k a h
l b e a r inlg a pi e ce o f

m ea t, a n d g oes dow n to th e b a n k o f th e s tr ea m In i ts w a ter s fis h a r e d i s .

p o r tin g ; a n d t h e n d r a j a cI
k a a i
n g
-
a s i
d e hl ly
i
s ,m e a t, p u n g e s in a f te r o ne l
of t em h . A
vu tu r e l
overi h
n g n ea r sei zes o d of th e m ea t a n d b ea r s i h l t
a l oft ; a n d th e j a ck a , r etu r n i l
n g u n su ccess fu l fr o m hi s s i n g, i s ta u n te d fih
b y th e w o m a n , w ho h a d ob served a ll t i s, in th e r s t gdtha h fi ‘

O ja ck a l so brown ! m os t s tu p id a re you ;
No s kill h a ve you g o t, n or kn ow led ge , n or wi
t;
Yo u r fis h you h a ve lost. you r m ea t i s a l l g o n e.

An d n ow you s i evi
t gr i n g a l l poor a n d for lorn .

To w i
c h h th I e n dra -
j a ck a l r epea ts th e s eco n d g al ha
’

Th e fa u lts of o th ers a re w a y to see .

B u t ha r d id d
n ee o ur ow n a re to b h ld e o

Th y h us b d th
an ou ha st los t. a n d lover ek e .

An d th y loss
'
n ow . I ween . th ou g r i
eves t o er .

Th e sa m e s tor y is fou n d in th e P a n ca ta n tr a (V , i
vii; see B en fey ,
“ "
1 w hen ce i ts wa y i
t m a de i n to th e Tfitin am eh -
. I t doe s no t

a pp ea r to b e k now n in the O cciden t in th i

s for m (i
t i
s la ck in g i
n th e

Ka li
la h a nd Di
m nah
394 Mem oirs of the A m er i
ca n Folk L or e Soci
ety -
.

th e w a ter , un til th e tide did beg i

an d wai
n to e b b
ted Th e .

w a ter o f th e r i
ver beg a n to f a ll a l so Th e ca r a ba o n o tice d the .

ch a ng e b u t h e could n ot co m pr eh end i
, t He w a s s u r p r i
s ed .
,

a n d a g r eed th a t he h a d been bea ten Li ttl e Hu m fl e w a w a y .

,

l ea ving poor old C a r a ba o s tu p efied a n d h a rdly a ble to m o ve ,

beca use of th e g rea t qu a n tity o f w a ter h e h a d dr un k .

N O TE S .

s s to r y wa s
Tha t th i m ported from th e O cci
i
n ot den t i s p re tty cl ea r ly

es ta b l ished b y the ex i n Nor th B o r n eo o f a ta l e a lm os t i

s ten ce i d e n ti
ca l

Th e B orn eo fa b le wh i s to ld a s a j u st so “ ”
th i
wi t . ch i ,
-
s to r y , and i
s

tl ed
“
en ti Th e Ka n dow ei[r i ce b ir d ] a n d th e Ker b a u -
m ay
b e fou n d i
n Eva n s ( p p .
42 3 I t ru n s a bou t a s fo llow s :
The b ird sa i
d to the b u ffa l o,
“
If I w er e to d ri
n k the w a te r of a s tr ea m ,

I co u ld
d rink i t a ll a so , sa i .
” — “
d the b u ffa lo ,
I l
cou ld fin i sh it ; for
“

I a m ver big , w y i e yo u a r e ve r s hl
m a V e r w e ,
"
s a id t h y
e bi rd , to ll . y ll
m orr o w w e w i l d rink
"
l
I n th e m or n i n g w en th e w a ter w as co m i
. n g d own , h
in fl ood , th e b i r d to d th e b u fl a lo to d ri l nk rst The b u ffa l o d r a n k a n d
'

fi .

d r a n k ; b u t th e w a ter o n ly
ca m e dow n th e fa s ter , a n d a t en g t h e w a s fo r ced l h
to s to p So th e b u fl a lo sa i
. d to the b i rd ,
'
“
Yo u ca n ta k e m y p a ce a n d tr y l ,

for I ca n n ot n i s
"
fi h
Now , the b i rd w a i
. ted ti th e flood h a d g o n e d o w n ; a n d ll
h
w en i t ha d do n e so , h e p u t h i s b ea k i n to th e w a ter a n d p re ten d e d to d r i nk .

h ll
T en h e w a ited ti a l l th e w a ter h a d r u n a w a o u t of the s tr ea m a n d sa id y ,

to th e b u fl a lo , See ,
'

a ve ni s ed i t!
"
Ih
An d s i fi h
n ce th e b i r d o u tw itte d the
b u ffa o i l
n t i h
s m a n n er , th e b u fl a lo h a s b eco m e hi s s a ve a n d th e b i
'

r d ri d es l ,

on hi s b a ck .

I k n ow o f n o ot er h P h iil
pp i
n e ver s i
on s , b u t I da re sa y th a t m a n y
ex i
st b etw een Lu zo n and M in d a n a o .

1
63 TH E . PA SSIO N CAMA N C H I L E AN D TH E .

O n ce u p on a ti m e th er e g r ew i n a fo r es t a l a r g e ca m a n ch i
le
tr ee 2
wi th s p rea d ing br a nch es N ea r th is tr ee g r ew m a ny .

o th er trees w i th bea u tiful fr a g r a n t fl ow ers th a t a ttr a cted tr a v

ell ers Th e ca m a n chi
. le h a d n o fr a g r a n t fl ow er s ; b u t s til l i ts
cr ow n w a s bea u ti fully Sh a p ed for th e l ea ves r eceived a s m u ch ,

l ig h t a s th e l ea ves o f th e o th er tr ees B u t th e bea u ty o f th e .

cr ow n pr oved o f n o a ttr a cti o n to tr a vell er s a n d th ey p a s s e d ,

th e tr ee by .

O n e d a y C a m a n ch ile ex cl a im ed a l o ud O h w h a t a d r ea r y , ,

1 Na rra te d by F erna n d o M Ma ra m a g
. of I la g a n Isa bella
, p r ovi
n ce . He sa ys th a t th i
s

i
s an Iloca n o stor y .

1 theco lo bi
Ca m a n ch ile, P i u m du lce B e n th .
( Legu m inosa ) , ve o f
a n a ti ca l
tr op i Am e r ica
in tr o d d it
u ce n o l ip p in es
th e P h i by th e d p b bl y i th fi t
Sp a n i
ar s ro a n e rs cen tu r y of S pa ni
sh

occu p a ti
on ; n ow th or o u g h l y n a tura l ize d d w id ly d it ib t d i th A
an e s r u e n e rch i
p ela g o .
 Filipino P opu la r Ta les .
395

l ife I lea d ! I w ould th a t I h a d fl ow er s l ike th e oth ers so th a t ,

tr a vell ers w o uld vi si t m e of ten ! A vi ne by the n a m e of P a ss ion ,

w hi ch g r ew n ea r by h ea r d C a m a n ch i le s ex cl a m a ti Now
’
, on .
,

th i s vi ne g r ew fa i r ly cl ose to th e g r o und a n d con sequen tly r e ,

cei ved o nly a s m a ll a m o un t o f l i g h t T h ink i

n g t h a t th i s w a s .

i ts o ppor tun i ty to i m pr ove i ts cond i ti on i t sa i d C a m a n ch ile , , ,

"
w hy i s yo u r l ife d rea r y ?
“ ”
Ah P a s s i
, on ! r epl ied C a m a n ch i le j u s t im a g in e t h a t y o u ,

w er e un a ppr eci a ted as I am ! Tr a vellers n ever vi

, si t m e for ,

I h a ve n o fl ow er s .

“ "
O h th a t s ea sy ! sa i
, d P a ss i
’
on J ust let m e cl im b on .

d i i T
’

y o u a,n I ll d s pl a y o n yo u r cr ow n m y b ea u t ful fl o w er s h e n .

"
m a ny per so n s w i ll com e to see you C a m a n chi le con sen ted .
,

an d let P ass i o n cl i m b up on h i m After a few d a ys P a ss i on .

r ea ch ed th e to p o f th e tr ee an d soon covered th e cr ow n , .

A few m on th s l a ter C a m a n ch i le rea l i zed th a t h e w a s bei ng

s m oth er ed : h e co uld n ot g et l i g h t so h e a s ke d P a ss io n to lea v e,
“
hi 0 P a ss ion ! w h a t p a i n I a m in ! I ca n t g et l ig ht You r ’
m . .

bea u ty is of n o va lue I a m being sm oth ered : so l ea ve m e I b eg

.
,
.

"
of yo u !
P a ss i
o n w o uld l
n ot ea ve C a m a n ch i
le, h ow ever , a n d so Ca m a n
c h il e d ied .

MO R A L : Be you rself .

NO TE .

W ith th is stor y com pa r e th e P a lasa j ata k a No 370 wh ich tells -

, . ,

h ow a J u da s tree wa s des tro yed b y th e pa r a s i

-
c g row th o f a b a n ya n
ti
s hoo t Th e g en era l i
. dea is th e sa m e i es tho u g h I ha r d ly
n b oth s tor i ,

s u s pect th a t o u r s i s des cen ded fro m th e I n di an Th e Si on o f a

tu a ti .

t ee ch ok ed to dea th b y a pa r a s i
r te is s u ch a com m on p la ce in ever y

da y e per i x en ce tha t a m or a l s tor y ba sed o n i

, t mi g ht a r ise s pon

ta n eo u s ly a l m os t a n yw here .

1
64 . A U Ac AN D LA MI R AN .

O n ce Aus o, a h a w k , sto l e a s a l ted fis h w h i

ch w a s h a n g i
ng
i
n th e s u n to d r y He fl ew w ith i t to a br a nch of a ca m a n chi
. le
tr ee, w h er e h e d own a n d beg a n to ea t As he w a s ea ting
Sa t .
,

La m i ra n rrel w h o h a d h i
a s qu i , s h o u se i n a h ol e a t th e foot o f
“
th e tree s a w Au s o , La m i
ran l ooked up a n d said . Wh a t , ,
"
bea u tiful s hiny bl a ck fea th ers yo u h a ve Au a c ! Wh en h e ,

Na rra t d by A a ta cia Villega f A a ya t P a m pa n ga Sh e hea rd the sto y f m

1
e n s s o r . . r ro

h er fa th er . a n d sa ys tha t i
tis well k n own a m ong th e P a m pa n ga n s.
 Mem oirs of the A m erica n Folk L ore Soci
-
ety .

h ea rd this pr a ise th e h a w k l ooked ver y d i

, g nifi ed N e v e r th e l ess .

“
h e w a s m uch pl ea sed He flu tter ed h i s wi n gs
. Y o u a re .

es peci a lly bea u ti ful Au a c w hen you w a lk ; for you a r e v er y

, ,

g r a ce ful , co n tinu ed th e s qu i
rr el A u a c w h o d i
d n o t u n d er .
,

s ta nd th e tr i ck th a t w a s bei ng pl a yed on him hopped a lo n g th e ,

“
br an ch with th e a ir o f a king I hea rd som e on e sa y y e s ter d a y .

th a t you r voi ce i s so so ft a n d s w eet th a t ever y on e w h o li s ten s ,

to your son g i s ch a r m ed P lease let m e h ea r so m e o f yo u r

.

notes you h a ndsom e Au a c ! sa id th e cu n n ing La m it a n

, Au a e .
,

feel ing m or e pr oud a n d d ign ified th a n ever o pen ed h is m o u th ,

”
a n d sa ng ,U a c u a c u ac u ac! -
As he u ttered h i
-
s n o tes
-
th e ,

fish i n hi s bea k fell to th e g ro und a n d La m i r a n g ot it , .

A h eron w hi ch w a s s ta nd i ng on the ba ck of a w a ter b u fia lo -

n ea r by sa w the a ffa ir He sa id Au s o let m e g i . v e yo u a , ,

piece of a d vice Do n ot a l w a ys bel i

. eve w h a t o th er s te l l yo u ,

b u t th i nk for yourself ; a n d rem em ber th a t ill g otten g a in s n ev er -

pr os per .

NO TES
This i
s th e old stor y of th e F ox an d C row [a n d h
c ees e ] , th e
bib l iog ra ph y for wh i ch i s gi ven by J a cobs (2 J a co bs se es a
con n ecti o n b etw een th i s fa b l e a n d tw o B u ddh i s tic a p olog ues :

( 1 ) T h e
“
J a m b u -
k h a d a k a -
j ata k a ,
”
N o 2 94 , in w h i
c h w e fin d a .

fox (j a ck a l ) a n d a cro w fla tter i n g ea ch o th er Th e crow is ea tin g .

j a m b u s , w h en h e i
s a d d r es s ed th u s b y th e j a c k a l
Who m ay t h i b e wh
s , os e r i
c h a nd p l ea sa n t n o tes

m hi
P ro c a i l
m b es t o f a ll th e si
n gi
ng bi
r ds ,

W b li gar n So s w eetl y on th e j a m b u - b r a n c h ,

Wh lik er e e a p ea cock h e si
ts fir m and gra n d !
"

Th e crow r ep lies ,

“ ’
Ti
s a we ll b - re y
d o u n g g en tl em a n w ho k n ow s
To S pea k of gen tlem en in ter m s p o ite ! l
Good si r, h
w ose S a pe a n d g oss coa t r evea h l y l
The tiger s ofl s p rin g ea t o f t ese I p r a
’ '

!
”
, h , y
B u ddha , i
n th e for m of u s o f th e j a m bu tree , com m en ts th u s o n
th e g en i -

thei
r con ver s a ti
on

Too l on g , b or n e th e si
fo rsoot g t h , I
’
ve h
h
O f t ese p oor c a tter er s of i es , h l
The r efu se ea ter a n d th e offa ea ter
-
l -

l
B e a u di
n g ea c h h
o t er .

( )
2 Th e An ta j ata k a No
-
, . 2 95, n wh i
i ch th e l
r o es a r e reversed ,
 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Fol k L or e Soci
ety -
.

I II .
J U ST SO —
STO R I ES .

6 5 W HY THE AN T I S NO T SO
. VENO MO US A S TH E SNAKE . 1

G od fir s t cr ea ted th e ea r th Th en h e took a r o ck fr o m the .

ea r th a n d th rew i t on th e terr es tria l s u r fa ce W h e n th e r ock .

w a s bro ken i n to m a ny s m a ll pieces , he brea th ed in to th em

th e br ea th l ife a n d th ey beca m e l i
of , vi ng crea tu r es A t firs t .

th ese cr ea tu r es th ou g h d i ffer i
, ng in s h a pes a n d s iz es w ere n ot ,

g iv e n d iff er en t p ow er s .

Am ong th ese crea tu r es o f God s w er e th e sn a ke a n d th e a n t

’
.

“
O n e da y th e s n a ke w en t to G od to a s k for pow er I t s a id I .
,

com e to th ee O G od ! to a s k for th y fa vor

, Th e w o r l d th ou .

h a s t j ust crea ted is wild w ith confus i on I h a ve co m e to a sk .

th ee to g i ve m e th e s peci a l pow er to ki ll a ll th ose th a t a re r e

”
b elli o u s a n d tr oubl eso m e .

Go ba ck to yo u r fell ow cr ea tu r es ! a n sw er ed G o d -
H ere .

a fter yo u a r e end ow ed w i th th e power to s tor e i n yo u r te e th thi s

poison Wh en yo u bite the vil e a n d con tem ptible in j e ct in to
.
,

th e w ound so m e o f th i s p oi so n a n d th ey w i ll b e kil l ed ; b u t fi r st
,

o f a ll o bser ve th ei r a cti on s a n d b e co n sci en ti o u s a n d th o u h t

, ,
g
"
ful . Th en Go d g a ve the s n a ke the poi son Th e s n a k e r e .

tu r n ed to th e ea r th i n g r ea t j o y .

Wh en th e a n t h ea r d th a t th e sn a ke w a s end ow ed w ith s u ch
power it a t o n ce w en t to Go d to a sk th a t th e s a m e p r iv il eg e
,

b e g r a n ted i t Th e a n t fo und G od on h i
. s h ea ven l y t h r o n e
,

in s tr uctin g h is h ost o f a ng el s Th e a n t a ppr oa ch ed G o d a n d .

,

a dd r essed h i m thu s : 0 th o u a l m i g h ty G o d ! m y b r o th e r th e
s n a ke h a s b een g r a n ted a g r ea t pr i vi leg e by th ee Wh y art .

th o u so u nk i nd to m e ? G ive m e th e sa m e pow er a n d I w ill ,

b e o f g r ea t a i d to th e s n a ke i n d es tr o yi ng s inn er s G od .
,

th i nk ing th a t th e s n a ke m ig h t n eed a n a ss ista nt g a v e th e a n t ,

th e s a m e pr i vi l eg e th a t h e h a d g i ven th e s n a ke .

Th e a n t w a s so g r ea tly overj oyed th a t i t r a n a s fa s t a s i t ,

co uld to th e ea r th Wh en G o d s a w it r unn ing h e ca ll e d to

.
,

th e a n t b u t i t pa i
, d n o a tten tion to h im Th en Go d b e in g .
,

ver y m u ch en r a g ed took a w a y so m e o f th e a n t s po w er
’

, l es t ,

th e a n t m i g h t u se it un r ea so n a bly A n d s o t o d a y t h e an t s .
-
’

’
bite is n ot so poison ou s a s th e s n a ke s .

Na r a t d by F a cic M Africa f Lipa B ta gas Th is i a Tag a log stor y

1 r e r n s o . o , a n . s .
 li
Fi pino P opul a r Ta les .
399

NO TE S .

A n other form of th i
s s tor y , recor ded by An drea lva ,
Si a lso of

Li
p a , B a ta n g ,
a s ru n s a s follows
I n th e o ld en s gr ea t u n i
m es , w en t i
ti h l
verse w a s s tih lyou n g , the i
n

habi ta n ts hi A ch ip l g
of t s h a d a sa cred b e i
r e aef in a s u per i
o or g od w o m l h
th y
e ll ca e d B th l
a a a H w e a s the crea tor o f a ll t i
. n gs h .

O n e da yaB th l
a ac ll d
a e th e a ni l
m a s o n e b y o n e, a n d b es tow ed u po n ea c h
a gi ft, o r th e p ow er of doi n g so m et i ng To th e b i h
r d h e g a ve th e p o wer .

to fl y . h l
Nex t B a t a a ca l ed the a n t, lik ewi se i l
n ten di n g to b es to w o n i t
h
m o r e p ow er t a n o n a n y o t er a n i m a s , b eca u se i h
t w a s so ver sm a ; b u t l y ll
th e a n t w a s th e m os t s tu p i d a n d a z of a l l crea tu res I t di l y
d n o t pa y a n y .

a tten ti o n to the s u m m o n s of the god , b u t p re te n d ed to b e d ea f er e . Wh

h l
u p o n B a t a a b eca m e so a n g r y h
t a t h e ca ed th e s n a k e a n d g a ve to i t th e ll
l
w o n d er fu po w er t a t h e h a d i h
n te n ded to g i ve th e a n t
“
Yo u , Sir Sn a k e, .

h ll l
s a h
se do m b e ca u g t b y a n y per so n , fo r yo u s a a ve th e po w er of b ei ng h ll h
very l
nimb e B es i
. des , ever o n e s a b e afra i d of you
"
y h ll .

Wh fi ly
en n al the a n t a ppea red b efor e th e g od , a s k i n g hi m for th e g i ft
he ha d p ro m i sed , B a t a a sa i d, h l
0 you poo r , tin , i m p ru den t crea tu re ! y
Si n ce yo u d i so b e ed y y
o u r g od , fro m n o w o n yo u a n d o u r trib e s a m eet y h ll
wi h h y
t d ea t ver o ften , fo r yo u s a b e pi h ll
n c ed b y t ose w o m you b i te
”
h h h .

An d so i t is to da y t a t w e p i
-
nc h
to d ea t th e a n ts w en ever t e b i h te h h hy

The n a r ra tor fied tha t

tes ti sh e hea rd th e s tor y fro m a n o ld wo m a n
in h er tow n o f L i p a S o fa r a s I k n ow , th.i
s j u s t so fa b l e o f Th e
“
-
" “

"
An t a n d th e Sn a k e a n d Go d h a s n ot b een r eco r ded o u ts i de of L i
p ,
a

B a ta n g a s ; a n d I a m in cl i
n ed to b el i eve tha t it rep r esen ts old loca l
tr a dition .

66 WHY LO CU STS A R E HA R MFU L

.
1
.

Dur ing th e d a w n of hu m a n ity so m e a n g el s h ea ded by Sa ta n as ,

revo l ted a g a i n st God They w a n ted to esta bl is h a kin g dom for

.

th em s el ves In a ba ttle a g a in st th e a r m y o f God in w h ich

.
,

G od h i m self w a s pr esen t Sa ta n a s th r ew a h a n dful o f sa nd i ,n to

Go d s fa ce ; b u t th e h ea venly m on a r ch j us t l a ug h ed a n d sa i d
’

, ,
“
I tu r n th e s a nd ba ck to th ee The pa r ticles s h a ll becom e th e .

sco u r g e o f a ll a g es to th ee a n d to th y fo ll o w er s 0 Sa ta n a s ! ,

N0 soo ner h a d God u ttered these w ord s th a n the pa r ticl es

o f s a nd beca m e a m i g h ty sw a r m o f l o cu s ts th a t fl ew in a l l ,

d irection s Su ch w a s th e beg inn in g o f th e pest

. .

N O TES .

A tr i
ba l Bi
co l s to r y n a r ra ted by Ma x im in a Na va rro o f Alb a y ru n s

th u s
TH E O R I GI N O F LO CU STS .

Ma n y yea rs a go t er e h lived h d m w h h m a ea an ose o e w a s si

tu a ted i
n a ver y
fer tie l va ll y
e , a ll the i h bi
n ta t f w hi
a ch b g v n s o e o er n ed . He w a s n ot a
1N t d by F i M Af i
arra e ra n c sco . r ca .
 M em oirs o f the A m erica n Fo k Lor e Soci
l -
ety .

g ood r u er , l h
for h e w as so g r eed , t a t h e wa n ted to h oa r d u p all
o w ever ; y h
the r i ce p r od u ced b y hi s peo p e E ver l
ea r , t er efo r e, h e s q u eez ed fro m
. yy h
hi s s u b j ects a s m u c ri h
ce a s h e co u d g et so t a t a t the e n d o f fo u r lea rs h , y
hi s g r a n a ries w ere fu to b u rs ti ng ll
I t a p p en ed t a t i n th e fif th yea r the
. h h
l
cr op fa ied , a n d th e peo p e k n ew t a t t e l
s o u d s ta r ve u n l e s s th ei hr r u er hy h l l
l
wo u d let t em a ve ri h
ce fr o m hi hs ba rns At rs t t e w e re a fr a i d to go fi. h y
p e titio n t h e ea d m a n , fh
o r t e fea re d t a t h e w o u d r e fhy
u se t h e m ; b u t, h l
h
w en n ea r on e ly -
h l
a f of the c id r en h a d d i ed fr o m s ta r va ti hl
o n , th e y a g reed

to sen d so m e r ep r ese n ta ti ves to b eg fo r ri ce .

Seven m en wer e c osen to b e the a m b assa dors h en t h e r ea ch ed the . Wh y

h o u se o f th e d a tu , for s o t e ca ed t ei r ru er , t e hy
a s k ed fo r a d m i ll t h l hy
ta n ce, cr i y
ng t at t e h
w a n ted r i ce for t eihy r wi ves a n d c h i ld r e n W en h . h
the d a tu h
ea r d t ei h
r cr y, he w en t to th e doo r a n d m a d e a m o ti o n as i f he
l
wo u d k n ock the p eti tio n ers o ff th e a dd er ea d i n g to the h o u se H e los t l l .

hi l
s b a a n ce a n d fe , s tr i k in g h is ll
ea d s a r p h
o n the b o tto m o f t h e l a dder h ly .

h h
T in k in g t a t h e wa s d ea d , the seven m en m a de n o a t te m p t to el p h
hi m , b u t w en t o m e , p r oc a i mi hn g t a t soo n t er e wo u d b e r il ce e n o u g h h l h
for a ll .

B u t th e d a tu w a s n o t dea d , o n bad s tu n n ed ly
The n ex t m o r n in g as ly .
,

h e w as w a k i l
n g a r ou n d h i s g ra n a ries , t e ex p od ed wi t a o u d n oi se ; a nd hy l h l
a ll th e r i ce fl ew a w a i n th e for m of i y
n sects a n d va n i s ed fr o m hi s si g t , h h .

T i h s ki n d of i n sect w i c ori g i
n a te d f r o mh h
th e r i
c e w e ca l d o r o n ( f r o m the l
Sp a n i s h
w o r d du r o) , o n a cco u n t o f th e to u g n ess of i ts ski n h .

A m or e in tell ig ib le vers ion of th is s tor y is th e followin g rela ted by

Fel i
x de la L l a n a w h o wa s tol d i t b y a n old fa r m er of C a n d e la r i
, a ,

Za m b a les I t a p pea rs to represen t old P a ga n tra ditio n m odified

.

som ew ha t b y Chris tia n ity .

THE O R IGIN O F LO CU STS .

Wh en a ll the s u rfa ce o f th e ea r t h l
w a s yet a w ider n ess a n d th e p eo p e l
w er e ver y f w th liv d e , er e e a fa r m er w h o wi h
s ed to b eco m e r i
c a l l a t o n ce h .

So h e t ld h i w i
o f t p y s e o ra to Ka ya m a n a n , th e g oddess o f ri
c h es , to g i
ve

h
t em for tu n e .

O ne ni g t th e g o h
dd e ss w i t a r m s e x te n d ed a pp ea r ed to ht e m in a d r ea m , h
a n d a d vi sed th e a m b i tio u s fa r m er to b u id si x a rg e b a r n s T en S h e w e n t l l . h
to the god d es s of p en t , Ka i l y
n o m a ya n , a n d a s k ed h er to g i ve t i s fa r m er h
a b u n d a n t cr o p s en th e fa r m er
. Wh a r ves ted h i s ri ce the n ex t s ea so n , he h
w a s a s to u n ded to fin d t a t the cro p m or e t a n h ed h i s six b a rns So h fill .

de i l h
g t ed w a s h e , a n d so g r eed , t a t h e a n d h is w ife t o u g t y h
n o m o r e of h h
th e so u r ce o f t ei h
r g ood fo r tu ne a n d t e n eg ected to ce eb r a te a fea s t
, hy l l
in ho n or o f G od a n d h i s g odd es ses He fe t i k e a po w erfu m o n a r c , a n d . l l l h
di d n ot w i s h
to wo r k a n y m o r e H ow ever , h is ric es did n o t l a s t lo n g ,
. h
as we S h ll a s ee.

O n e da y th e g od dess Ka ya m a n a n di sg u ised erse f a n d i n th e fo r m o f h l ,

a b eg g a r ca m e to th e o u se of the r i c fa r m er h
She b egg ed h i m to le t h er h .

r es t fo r a i l l
tt e w ie u n der h i hl
s r oo f for S h e h a d b een tr a ve i ng i n m an , ll y
co u n tr ies , s he sa i d . Wh
e n s h e a s k ed fo r so m e r em n a n ts o f r i
ce to e a t, th e

u n g r a tefu l
fa r m er s a i
d to h er ,
“
G et o ff m y g ro u n d s ! do n t co m e h e r e to
’

h
b ot er m e ! I f you do n t ea ve a t o n ce , I s a let t i
’
l
s dog oose, a n d yo u h ll h l
402 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Folk L ore Soci
ety
-
.

fa n cied etym o og i
ca l l con n ecti
on la s on ( Ta g for betw een la n son an d .

a n d does n ot a p pea r to b e k n o wn ex cep t to th e Ta g a logs

o f La La g u n a p rovi n ce a l thou g h i n P a m pa n go a lso th e w o r d la s on

,

m ea n s p o ison
”
L a s on its e
.l f is d er i
v ed fro m t h e M a la y r a ch rin ,
p er h a ps th ro u g h t h e S u l u la ch u n .

Two other Ta ga log vers i on s , both fr o m La g u n a pro v i n c e , a ls o Show

th e i n fl u en ce o f C h r i s tiani ty b u t va r y en ou g h from o u r s to r y to b e
,

wor th y o f r eco rd here O n e, r ela ted by Ma n u el G a l leg o o f S a n An

.

ton i o , Nu eva Eci j a is en titled Th e Ada m a n d Eve o f th e Ta g a log s

“
,
"
.

Mr G a lleg o hea r d th e stor y from a far m er livin g in L u b a n g , La

.

La g u n a I t ru n s a s follows
.

Ma n y h u n d red s o f y
L u zo n wa s s ti u n i
ea r s a g o , nh a b iw h
te d , B a th a la ,
en ll
o u r s u p r em e g od , w a s en vi o u s o f La o n , th e g od of th e Vi sa ya n s , b eca use

La o n h a d m a n y
s u b j ects , w i h
le B a t a a s k in g do m wa s a b a r r e n d eser t h l ’
.

I t w a s wi t i h
n th e po w er o f B a t a a to cr ea te u m a n b ei h l
n g s , b u t n o t food h
h
for t em ; a n d so h e a s k ed for a dvi ce fro m Di wa ta , the s u p r e m e g o d of the
uni ver se .

Di l h l h
w a ta to d B a t a a t a t th e n ex t da y h e wo u d sen d a n a n g el to ea r t l h
wi h
t seeds to b e p a n ted l
The p r o m i se w as fu fil ed , a n d B a th a l a s ca ttered
. l l
the seed s a ll o ver L u zo n i
t i n a s or t ti . W h
m e the i sl a n d w a s co ver ed h
wi t h h
trees a n d s r u b s , a n d w a s t en r ea d for u m a n abi ta ti h
on Ac y h h .

cor d i n g ly B a t a a cr ea ted h l A
da m a n d Eve, the a n ces tor s of th e Ta g al ogs .

I n s pi te o f th e fa ct t a t t e were for b i h hy
dd en to ea t the g r ee n fr u it of a
cer ta i l
n p a n t, t e di hy
so b e ed a n d a te i y
t ; so as a p u n i s m en t, th e y wer e , h
poi so n ed a n d m a d e ver sick y
T e did n o t d i e, ow ever
. hy
AS a res u l t h .

h
o f t ei r ex p er ien ce t e g a v e th e, n a m hy
e la s on to t i s p la n t h .

C o n s ciou s of t ei r fa u t, h da m a n d Eve i l A m p o red fo r gi ven ess o f D i w a ta l .

B y o r der o f Di wa ta , B a t a a for g a ve th e cr i h l mi n a s ; b u t th e la s o n s ti re l ll
m ai n ed po i so n o u s I n or der to r i . d it of i ts d a n g er ou s p ro per ti e s , a n a n ge l
w a s s en t to ea r t h
He p u t the m a r k s o f h i
. s fin g er n a is o n the s u r fa ce of -
l
l
th e p u p of ea c h
la sa n s eed , a n d t ese m a r k s m a y b e seen to t i
-
h s da y h .

A l
fterw a rds the n a m e of the p a n t wa s c a n g ed fro m la son to l a n zon , th e h
nam e by w i c i h h
t h a s b ee n k n o w n ever s i n ce .

I n th e ot er h Ta g a log ver s i
on , b y Eu log i
n a r r a ted o B en itez o f
j
P a g sa n a n , L a L a g u n a , th e den t o f th e fin g er p ri
n ci
i s to ld a s a
n ts i -

loca l sa i l
n t eg en d o f P a ete
-
. Th e s tor y is en titled
“
How L a n s o n es
b eca m e Ed ib le .
”

Th e l ittl e to w n o f P a ete, o n th e so u t er n La g u n a h a nd w es ter n s h o r e of

de B a y, p rod u ces m or e la n zon es t a n a n y o t er tow n i n th e p r o vi n ce h h .

Stea m er s ca ll ly
da i a t h er w a r ves for the fr u its w i c ha ve m a d e h e r h h h
fa m o u s .I n th e c u r c of t i h h
s tow n m a y s ti b e see n the i h m a g e o f th e ll
h
m o t er of G o d , th e V i rgin M a r , ea d i n g her c id y l hl .

O n e even i n g a o n g tim e a go i l
t w a s di s co ver ed t a t the b ea u ti fu im a g e h l
wa s m i n g fro m i
ss i ts a ccu s to m ed p a ce i n th e c u r c The n ew s s p r ea d l h h .

li l fi
k e w id r e a n d a ll the p eo p e w ere i
, l
n g r ea t a m a zem en t a n d co n s ter n a tion .

Wh l ie a ll w a s co n fu si on in th e tow n , a ea ven sig t w a s b ein g p r ese n ted h ly h

 Fili
p ino P opu l a r Ta l es . 0
4 3

i
n a littl e pl a ce o u ts i
de the m u n i
cipa lity A be tif l w m . au u o an d r essed i
n

w i h
te w a s w a k i
ng l o ver th e g a ss
r th
wi ch i
ld i h m
a n er a r s. Th ey were
g oin g to w a r d s a la n son -tree o n o er s e o the
ea o th id f the m
, d w . The b oy
w ho w a s evi de n tl ti y
red o f b ei n g ca rr i ed , a s k ed to b e p u t dow n en Wh
.

hl
the c id sa w the fr u i ts sca tter ed a ll o ver the g r o u n d , h e fe t ver t i rs t , l y h y
a n d, pi ck i n g u p o n e of the tem p ti n g fr u i ts , b eg a n to o pen i t The m ot er . h
l
to d h er so n t a t the fr u i h t w as po i so n ou s ; b u t th e c i ld sa i d t a t he w a s h h
ver y h
t i y
rs t , a n d co u d g o n o fa r t er i l f he di d n ot a ve a d rin k h T en the h . h
h
m o t er too k the fr u i t fr o m hi s a n d s , a n d wi t h er d e i h
ca te w i te n g ers h l h fi
i h
p c ed th e p u p g en tl
n l y
Tu r n in g to her so n , s he sa i
. d,
“
No w yo u m a y
ta k e t i h s a n d ea t i t Yo u wi fin d i . t the m os t de i ll
ou s a n d r efr es i
ci n g of l h
a ll fr u its . hl y
The c id ob e ed , a n d the fr u it w a s in deed s w ee t .

T i h
s is th e w a y b y w i h h
c the la n zon es w ere tr a n s fo r m ed fr o m a po i so n o u s ,

d a n g ero u s fr u i
t to a s w eet, de i ca te food lts t i
scred i
I f a n y o n e di s s to r , . h y
a ll h e n eed s to do to p ro ve i ts tr u t i s to o pen u p a n y la n son h e h
n ds , a n d fi
ll
h e wi see wi h
t ou t fa i the fin g er -p r i l
n ts of th e V i r gin .

68 . wn v
FI GHT O N E AN O THER cocx s .
1

O n ce upo n a ti me i n a n unknow n co un try th er e l i ved a r oy a l

co upl e end ow ed wi th a l m os t a ll th e bl ess i n g s o f G od Their .

pa l a ce w a s deco r a ted w ith a ll kind s of pr ecio us stones ,

d ia m ond s sa pph ir es a n d em er a ld s They wer e of ten honor ed

, , .

wi th vi sits from th e cel es ti a l bei ng s There w a s h a r dly a n .

ho u r o f th e da y w hen so m e sor t of j ubil a tion or fes tiva l w a s n o t

being h eld in th e r oya l ho m e B u t in s pite o f a l l h is r ich es .
, ,

th ere w a s a m el a n choly i n th e m i n d o f th e ki ng a br ood i ng , ,

a ca n ker i ng th oug h t th a t would n ot g ive h im a n h o u r o f r es t

,

o r co n ten tm en t In spite of a ll th e fa vors l a vis h ed o n h im by

.

God h e fel t m i
, ser a bl e a n d un ea s y He h a d a h a ppy a n d w ea l thy .

king dom b u t , h e h a d n o h ei r Th er e w a s n obody to m a n a g e .

th e g over n m en t a fter h i s d ea th Wh enever the th oug h t o f .

d ea th ca m e to h is m ind he fell on his kn ees a n d im plored th e ,

“
Al m i g h ty t o g iv e h im a son : H a v e m er c y o n m e O G o d ! ,
”
Gi ve m e a so n to m a n a g e m y ki ng dom a f ter I a m g on e !
O n e even i ng a n a ng el fr om P a ra d ise ca m e to visit h im a n d , ,
“
o n find i ng th e king a t h is pr a yers sa id Dry th y tea r s 0 , , ,

king ! Th y r oya l p r a yer is hea r d i n h ea ven Tho u s h a l t b e .

g iv e n m o r e t h a n a s o n b u t n o t in th e s a m e, s h a pe a s th o u a r t .

"
Th y so n s s h a ll See th e l i g h t o f d a y c r o w n e d w it h th eir o w n fl es h .

Th e ki ng w a s so g r ea tly overj oyed th a t h e could n ot s pea k a ,

si ng l e w or d o f g r a titu d e in reply .

No t l ong a fter w a r d th e queen g a ve bi r th to a cock th a t

cro w ed o n seei ng th e l ig h t of da y The co uple w er e ver y g l a d .

Na rra ted by Fra n cisco M Af ica

1 . r .
 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Folk L or e Society
-
.

ni
g ht da y th ey ca ressed th e r oya l ba b e, a n d th e y w o uld
and

h a ve m a de for h im a ca g e of g old h a d n ot God fo r b id d en th em

to do so Ever y yea r a cock w a s bor n in to th e r o y a l fa m ily,
.

un til th e fea ther ed son s nu m bered th ir teen B u t th es e son s .

w er e j ea l ou s of on e a noth er : ea ch th oug h t th a t th e o th er s ha d
n o ri g h t to w ea r cr o w n s .

At l a s t th e o ld ki ng a n d qu een d ied a n d n o o n e w a s left to ,

m a n a g e th e r oya l d em es ne b u t the du m b so n s T h e r ea fter .

th e fea th er ed or ph a n s beg a n fig h ti n g on e an oth e r e a ch on e ,

tr yin g to wr es t the cr ow n from the oth ers .

NO TE .

I k n ow a n t of
o f n o va r i his stor y
t .

69 . WHY B ATS F L Y AT NI GHT ‘ .

Ma ny yea rs a g o the ea r th w a s inh a bited by o n ly o n e m a n .

Hi s body w a s co m posed o f m i nu te org an ism s th a t w e r e in ces

sa n tly w a r r i
n g a g a in s t on e a n o th er O n e da y th is m a n b eca rn e .

so w ea k th a t h e co uld n o t o bta i n food for hi s su p p o r t He .

l a id h im self d ow n on so m e so ft m oss by th e ba n k o f a r iver ,

a n d there h e r em a i n ed till n i g h t .

Th e org a n is m s th a t l i ved i n hi s b o dy beg a n to fig h t a a i

g n s t
o n e a n o th er m o s t fier cely Ea ch a te h is fell ow un til h e b eca m e
.

ver y b i g A.t l a s t t h e m a n d ied a n d o nly o n e o r g a n ism

, re

m ai ned a l ive Th is or g a n is m th en fl ew a w a y a n d be ca m e th e
. ,

a n cestor o f th e b a ts Th e l i g h t
. o f d a y s o d a z z l e d h i
s e y es th a t ,

h e co uld n o t fly ver y fa r so h e d eci d ed to fly o nly a t n ig h t

, .

An d ever s i n ce h is d escend a n ts too h a ve h idd en th e m s el v es

, , ,

i n th e d a y ti m e a n d com e o u t o nly w h en i
-
, ti s da r k .

N O TE .

Th i
s so m ew ha t u n sa ti f
s a ctor y p ou rqu oi s to r y a p p ea r s to r e p r es e n t

at b o ttom ver y a n ci en t tr a di tion I k n ow o f n o p a ra llels ; b u t ta les

.

ex p l a i
n i
n g w h y th e b a t fl i
e s a t n i
g h t a r e fo u n d a m o n g m a n y p eo l
p se

Dah n h a r dt 3 : 94 , 2 6 7 , 2 70 ; Da yr ell , Nos v n, x 11)

, . .

7 0 . WHY TH E SU N SHI N E S MO R E BRI GH TLY THAN TH E MO O N .

’

Lon g , l o ng ago th er e l ived a fa ir y w ith tw o ver y bea u tifu l

da ug h ters . Ar a w , the eld er d a u g h ter w a s , ver y a m i
a bl e and ,

Na rra t
1 or . F ra n ci
sco M Africa
. .

1 A Tag a l og s tor y na rra ted b y F ra n ci

sco M Afr i
ca . .
 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Folk L or e S oci
ety
-
.

Ag u eo o b s ti n a te refu sed to b e ly
u rr ied , a q u a rre en s u ed b e tw ee n th e two h l
b rot ers h T ei h
r fa t er , w ho h a d b een w a tchi
. h n g th e tw o b o ys a n d ha d

h h
ea rd a ll t a t p a ssed b etween t em , b eca m e ver a n g r wit th e m i h
s chi evo us y y h
l
B u a n ; a nd, i n hi s w ra t h e sei h
zed a n en o r m ou s rock a n d h u r l e d i
, t w hi s tling

h
t ro u g th e a i h r The rock s tr u ck the p a a ce of B u a n , a n d w a s b r o k e n in to
. l l
h
t ou sa n ds of p i eces w i c g o t p p
er e tu a i g , t f r o h h
m co n ta ct w i th th e ery ll h fi
p a a l
ce T ese
. m a y s t i b ehsee n in th e ea v e n s , a nll
d t e a r e c a l l e d B itu en h hy
[
“
s ta r s B u a n w a s fo r b i
dd en l
to tr a ve w i t A g u eo a n y m o r e , b u t w a s l h
co m m a n d ed to ig t th e w a s o f t iel h
v es en ce fo r t w it hi s m y
u c h -
d im m ed h h h h
fie y p a l
r a ce .

A ha t Sim il a r P a m pa n go m yth m a y a lso b e g iven h e re a s it

som ew ,

h as n ever befor e b ee n p r i n ted I t w a s n a rra ted by L eo p o ld o L a yu g .

tl ed Th e Su n a n d th e M o o n
“
o f G u a g u a P a m p a n ga a n d i s en ti
, , .

Lo n g a go the ea r t h
b y Ba t a a
w a s crea ted H e h a d two a nd r u ed l h l .

hl
c idr en , Apo la q u ia n d Ma a ri F ro m the e es of t ese tw o c h i y .l d r e n the y h
ea r t h
r ecei ved i ts rst i g t T h e p e o p fi
e , th e b i
r dl h
s o f t h e . a ir , t h e a ni l
l
m a s o f the m o u n ta i n s , a n d even th e s es of th e sea , we r e g l a d b eea u se fih
hy
t e ha d i g tl h
, a n d so t e w er e g r ea t fr ie n d s o f thyh e tw o c i d re n hl .

h l l
B a t a a oved hi s c id r e n ten d er hl
, a n d n ever w a n ted th e m to b e s epa ly
r a ted fro m h i m So , n o m a tter how ti . red h e w as , he a w a ys fo ll o w ed th em l
in t ei h
r da i l wa k s y
B u t a s ti l
m e w en t o n , a n d B a t a a b eca m e o ld a n d
. h l
l
feeb e a n d co u d n o o n g er k eep u p w i l t hi l
s a cti ve so n a n d d a u g h ter , he h
a s k ed t em to s ta h wi t hi m a t a ll ti y h
m es ; b u t t e w ere so a b so r b ed i n t ei r hy h
p l
ea s u r es t a t t e p a
, id nho e ed to hy
t eir fa t e r
'
s w is O hn e d a y h e he h h h .

ca m e s i ck , a n d d i ed s u d de n , wi t o u t ea vi n g a n y w ri ly
tten w i a s to the h l ll
di s po s i ti o n of h i s ki n g do m Now Apola q u iw a n ted to r u e th e ea r t w i . t l h h
ou t g i vi n g a n y pow er to h i s si s ter Ma a r i Sh e r efu sed to co n se n t to her y .

h
b ro t er s p a n , a n d a b i
’
l
tter co n fl i ct a r os e b etween t em Fo r a l o n g ti me h .

h
t e y fo u g t w i h
t b a m b oo c u b s h l
At a s t Ma a r ih a d o n e of h er e es p u t . l y y
ou t . Wh
en Apola q u i s a w w a t h e h a d do n e to h i s si h
s ter , h e fe t ver l y
sorr y for h er a n d sa i h
d t a t t e s o u d s tr u g g e n o o n g er , b u t th a t t e
, hy h l l l hy
h l
S o u d ex er ci se eq u a p o w er o n th e ea r t , o nl a t d iffe r e n t ti m es Si n ce h ly .

h
t a t ti m e Ap ola q u i w h o i , s n o w ca ed th e Su n , h a s r u ed the ea r th d u ri
, ng ll l
th e d a y, a n d fro m h i s e es w e r ecei ve b r i g t i g ty M a a r i
, w h o i s ca l ed h l h . y l
the Moo n , r u es th e w o r d a t n i l g t H er i l
g t, o w ever , i s fa i h
n ter th a n h er . l h h
h
b ro t er s fo r s he h a s b u t o n e eye
’

, .

Th i
s sa m e s tr u gg e i l betw een
s re fl ected th e tw o g rea t l u m in a ries
i tw
n o s h r t cr d l
o a e-
so n g s th a t P a m p a n g a n m others s i
n g to thei r

ch ildr en to still them Thes e ver ses w ere con tr ib u ted b y Lo ren zo .

Li cu p o f A n g eles :

I ng b u a n i l
la n in g a do l Th e Moo n and the Su n h
c a sed
M ita ta g a la n la b a o h ea c h h
o t er a b ove. Wh e n th e y
P a n g a r a s da q u eta n g cu a r to ca m e in to a roo m , h y
t e took
Ni a
p g s u n d a n g , m i a
p gp u s to . t ei
rh d a g g er s fro m th i e r Si
des
a nd w er e r ea d y to fig h t ea c h
o t er .h ”
 li
Fi pino P opu l a r Ta l es .
4 7
0

I ng a ld
ila n i
o ng bu an l Th e Su n a nd th e Moo n h
c a sed
Mita ta g a la n la a a n ll ea c h h
b e ow
o t er en t e l . Wh hy
P a n g a r a s da q u eta n g P a m p a n g ca m e to a b a n k , t e rs t m a de hy fi
Mipa g p u s tu , t, m ita b a ca n
'
. r
p pe a ra tio n , a n d t en b eg a n to h
fi h
g t e a c o t er h h
w i
t b o os
”
h l .

Th e two s to r i
es a n d th e two sta n za s j u st given a p pea r to b e g en u i
ne

old n a ti
ve tr a di
tio n , u n m od i
fied b y C hr is tiani
ty .

F or Ti
n gu i
an, dno n , Ma n da ya , a n d Vi
B u ki sa ya n m yths o f th e su n ,

m oo n , a n d s ta rs , see M C Co le, 65, 1 2 4 , 1 4 5, 2 0 1

. . .

7 1 .
( )
a Y
CU L I NG HA S A TO N SUR E
WH THE .
1

”
In a cer ta in field th ere l ived two bir d s P og 6 qu a il ) ,

a n d C ul i n g (a s m a ll bl a ck bir d th a t h a s n o fea th ers on the top

of i ts h ea d ) O n e d a y P og O w h i
. le scr a tch ing the g r ound ,

fo r food m et C ul i ,ng Wh en C ul ing Sa w P og 6 h e said in a

.
,

ta un ting ton e Wh er e a re you g oi , n g l a z y on e ? B e m ore a cti ve , .

’ ”
Don t b e a s l az y a s a l eech !
”
P og O beca m e ver y a n g r y Yo u ca ll m e l a zy ! h e said . .

Yo u a r e m uch l a z i er th a n I Let u s see w h i ch ca n fly h i g h er .

"
in to th e Sk y !
Th ereupo n C ul i ng a g r eed a n d h e beg a n to fly upw a rd un til ,

h e w a s l os t from Si g h t H e fl ew so h ig h th a t h i
s h
. ea d t o u ch e d ,

th e s u r fa ce o f th e s k y As th e Sk y w a s h ot a ll th e fea th er s
.
,

on th e top of hi s h ea d w ere bu r n ed off a n d ever si n ce th e ,

cul ing h a s h a d a ton s ure .

’
( )
b TH E CU L ETO AND TH E CR ow .

Th e cu leto i
s a fin e s i
ng er ba ld h ea ded The n a tives , but i
tis -
.

o ften ca p tu r e i n it to ta lk Form er ly th is l ittle bl a ck

t a n d tr a i .

bir d w a s n o t so ba ld a s it is to da y : its hea d in fa ct w a s cover ed -

, ,

wi th a th ick g ro wth o f fea th ers An d th e crow too : i t w a s n ot .

,

bl a ck once b u t its fea th ers w er e a s w h ite a s sta rch

, .

O n ce upo n a ti m e s h or tly a f ter th e Delug e th e crow w a s

, ,

ly cr ow ing o n th e br a n ch of a tree w h en th e cu leto ca m e

m er r i
by Th e voice of th e cr ow w a s so h a rs h th a t th e cu leto m a d e
. ,

fun o f it Good m or n i
. ng Mr C r ow ! said th e cu leto
”
-
I , . ,

a m ver y g l a d to hea r you si ng You r voice is so fin e th a t I .

,
”
ca nn o t h elp cl os in g m y ea r s .

Na a ted by F ra cis co M Af ica

1
rr n . r .

Na a ted by Leopold U ich a c a Tag a l g f m Ca la m ba La La g u a He sa ys

1 rr o n o. o ro . n . ,

Th i
s tra d ii
t on i
s a fa vorite one a m on g Ta g a log ch i
l ren .d I ha ve often hea r d the stor y

tol d by ti
le I was wa i
old m en w hi ng m y tur n a t ba r ber s hops
- n m y pr ovi
i n ce .
"
40 8 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Fol k L ore Society -
.

nk fi r st o f yourself
P r a y , th i nsw er ed th e crow W hat 7,
a .

do I ca r e for a g ood vo ice, so long a s I h a ve a s tro n g b o d y ? W h y

"
don t you l a u g h a t yo u rself ? See how wea k a n d tin y yo u a re !
’

“ " “
Wea k ! sa id th e cu leto Do you ca l l m e w ea k ? I .

w ould fly a r a ce even w i th a n ea g l e .

“ "
Ha h a h a ! l a ug hed the cr ow
, ,
The i dea o f r a cin g the .

ea g l e w h en you do n ot even d a r e r a ce m e !

Ra ce w ith you ! Why yo u w o uld only d isg r a ce yo u rs elf , ,

retor ted th e cu leto .

“ "
Wa it ! an sw ered th e cr ow Ea t so m e m or e r ice d rin k .
,

so m e m or e w a ter fill you r body w i th m or e a i

, r! An d w a i t till
y o u g r o w b i
gg er b efo r e yo u v en tu r e to r a ce w it h m e !
“ ”
Th e str eng th of a per so n sa id th e cu leto nettl ed 1 5 n ot , , ,

to b e j udg ed by h i s size Don t you kn ow th a t it is th e s m a l lest

.
’

pepper th a t is the hottest?

Well th en r epl ied th e cr ow if you w i
, , s h to r a ce m e n ow ,
”
a t yo u r ow n r i s k let u s beg i n! ,
”
O n e two th r ee ! co unted th e cu leto a n d u p th e y fl ew
, , , .

Dur ing their fl ig h t th e two bir d s beca m e sepa r a ted fr o m ea ch

o th er by a d en se cl o ud Th e cu leto fl ew a t full sp eed so h i
.
g h
upw a r d th a t he kn ocked h is hea d ver y h a r d a g a in s t th e door
,

o f the s k y so h a r d , in fa ct th a t a l a r g e p i ece o f s k i
, n w as ,

scr a ped fr o m h i s s ca lp Th e cr ow h a vi ng l ost h is w a y fl ew

.
, ,

so n ear th e s u n th a t h is fea th er s w er e bu r n ed bl a ck
, .

It i s o n a cco un t o f th i s b et between th e cu leto a n d th e cr ow

th a t a ll th e d es cend a n ts o f th e for m er h a ve been ba ld h ea d ed -

,

w hi le a ll th e descend a n ts of th e crow h a ve bla ck fe a th ers

to -
da y .

( ) HAWK 1
c TH E A N D TH E CO L rN o.

Ea r ly on e ll ied for th from h is n es t to find

m or n i
ng a ha w k sa

so m eth ing to ea t He fl ew s o h ig h th a t h e could h a r d ly be

.

seen fr o m th e ea r th He l ooked d ow n ; b u t a s h e co uld n ot

.

see a ny th in g h e fl ew low er a n d l ow er un til h e ca m e to the

, ,

to p o f a tr ee O n on e o f the br a n ch es h e s a w s i
. ttin g qu ie tly a
col ing Th e ha w k des pised th e l ittl e b ir d a n d a t on ce m a d e up
.
,

hi s m i nd to ch a ll eng e h im to a fl ig h t upw a r d .

So th e h a w k sa i d to th e col in g Do yo u w i s h to fly up i n to ,

th e s k y w ith m e to s ee w h i ch of u S ca n fly th e fa s ter a n d th e
"
h ig her ?
1 N arra te d by Ag a pi
to Can of Tea ] , B a ta n g a s . He sa ys tha t th i
s Ta g a l og stor y i
s
w el l k n ow n i
n ever y town n B a ta n g a s p r ovi
i n ce . He h ea r d th e s tor y from hi
s g ra n dfa th u .
4 1 0 Mem oir s of the A m er i
ca n F ol k L or e Soci
ety -
.

NO TES
”
These thr ee form s o f th e fl g t con tes t
i h -
i den t
n ci a re a l l fro m
h
sou t ern L u zon , th e p ro vi
n ces of
La La g u n a a n d B a ta n g as Th e .

ta le seem s to b e defin itely loca lized ther e I k n ow of its occu r r en ce

.

n ow here el se i
n th e I s la n d s Nor ha ve I fou n d a n y Ma la ya n va r i
. a n ts .

F or o ther pou rqu ois tor i es o f w h y cer ta in bi r d s a re b a l d , see D ah n

ha r dt, 3 : 1 1 1 4 Dah n ha rd t (ibid , 1 42 ) cites a C eylon ta le o f th e

—
. .

crow a n d th e dron g o wh o h a d a b et a s to w h i
, ch cou l d fly th e h i g h er

ca r r y i
ng a loa d C w sel cted t cotton for h is b u r d en ; b u t
r o e. r ee-

Dro n g o n o ticin g th e b l a ck ra i
, n clou ds over hea d , ca rr i ed sa l t, a n d th u s
-

wo n ; for h i s lo a d b eca m e con s ta n tly l i h h il C b

’

g ter , w e ro w s e ea m e

hea vier .

W ith th e ex p a na ti
on g i l
ven i n th e secon d ta e of th i
s g ro u p o f w h y l
th e cr ow i l
s b a ck , com p a re a P a w n ee s tor (JA F L 6 i
n w h ich a y
crow , wh i
ch i
s sen t to th e s u n to g et fire, h a s a ll s fea ther s s i
hi n g ed .

7 2 .
( ) WH
a Y Cow s SKI N rs LO O SE O N THE N EC K
THE
’
)

Th er e w a s o nce a poor fa r m er w ho possessed a cow a n d a

ca r a b a o Th ese tw o a n i
. m a ls w er e h i s o nly w eal th Every .

d a y h e led th em to th e field to pl ou g h He w or ked h i s ani m a ls .

so h a r d th a t th ey o ften co m pl a i
, n ed to h im ; b u t th e cr u el m a s ter
w o uld n o t even l i s ten to th ei r w or d s O n e da y th e cow w h o .
,
“
h a d g r ow n ti r ed of th i s kind of l ife sa id to th e ca r a ba o Let , ,

u s r u n a w a y fr o m th i s evi l m a n ! Thoug h w e a r e ver y d ir ty ,

he i s n ot w i ll ing for u s even to ta ke a ba th If w e r em a in h ere .

wi th h i m w e s h a ll b e as u g ly a n d a s fil thy a s p i
, g s I f w e r u n .

a w a y fr o m h i m h ow ever h e w i
, ll h a ve to do his own w or k a n d
, ,
"
th en w e s h a ll b e r eveng ed Hu r ry up ! Let u s g o ! .

Th e s pir i t of th e ca r a b a o w a s a rou sed : h e j u m ped w i th a

“
l o ud r oa r a n d sa id , I too h a ve l ong been m ed ita ting es ca pe
, ,

b u t I h esi ta ted b eca u se I w a s a fr a i d you m ig h t n ot b e w ill in g

to j oi n m e in fl ig h t We a r e so ill trea ted by ou r cr uel m a s ter
.
-
,

th a t Go d w i ll h a ve pity on u s Com e on ! Let u s g o ! .

Th e tw o a n i m a l s a t on ce set ou t r unn i ng as fa s t a s th ey co uld , ,

a l w a y s tr ying to a void a n y hu m a n being s Wh en th ey ca m e to .

a ri ver th e cow s a i
, d We a r e very d irty Let u s tak e a ba th
“
, .

befor e w e g o on ! Th e w a ter of th is r iver is so Cl ea n a n d cl ea r ,

th a t w e s h a ll soo n b e a s cl ea n a s w e w er e befor e ou r co n te m p ti bl e
"
m a s ter g ot h old o f u s .

Th e ca r a ba o a n sw er ed We w ould better r u n a l ittl e fa r th er

,
,

for per h a p s ou r m a s ter i s a l r ea dy i n pu rs u it of u s des

B es i .
,

Na a ted by F cisco M Af iea

1 rr ra n . r .
 lipin o P opu la r Ta les
Fi .
4 1 I

we a r e ver y tir ed n ow , and

I h a ve been told th a t to ta ke a
”
b a th w h en on e is tir ed inj u r es th e h eal th .

”
Don t bel ieve th a t ! retur ned th e cow
’
O u r bod i es a r e .

”
so b i g th
, a t w e d o n o t n ee d to fe a r s ickn ess .

At l a s t th e ca r a ba o w as pers u a ded by th e a rg u m en ts of the

“
cow ; a n d h e s a i d All r ig h t ! Let u s ta ke off ou r Cl oth es befor e
,
"
we go i n to th e w a ter !
Th e tw o a n i m a l s th en s tr i pped th em sel ves of al l th eir cloth es ;
th en th ey plun g ed i nto th e deep cool r iver Th ey h a d been in , .

th e w a ter l ess th a n a n ho ur h ow ever w h en th ey s a w th ei , , r

m a s ter com i ng a fter th em w ith a b ig s tick in his h a nd Th ey .

r a n up to w h ere th ei r clo th es w ere ; b u t i n th ei r h a s te th e ca ra ba o

h A
’
h d h
’

p u t o n t e co w s c l ot h es a n t e co w ,g o t t e c a r a b a o s s .

s oo n a s th ey w er e d r essed th ey co n ti nued th eir m a d fl ig h t ; a n d

,

a s th ei r m as ter w as ver y ti red h e h a d to g i ve up th e ch a se a n d

,

r etu r n h o m e d i sa ppoi n ted .

Si nce th e ca ra ba o w a s l a r g er th a n th e cow th e s ki n o n th e ,

cow s n eck h a s been l oose ever s i n ce beca u se th e tw o fri end s

’
,

w ere s ep a r a ted a n d co uld n ever ex ch a n g e cl oth es a g a i n An d .

n on th e ca r a ba o s neck h as been ti
’
l ikew ise th e s ki g h t ev e r

si n ce th ese two a n im a ls m a d e th eir m is ta ke in d r essin g .

( )
6 TH E FI R ST LO O SE SKI NNED CO W AND THE FI R ST TI GHT
-

SKI NN ED CA R A B AO )

Ma ny yea rs a g o w hen th e peo ple of th e w or ld were s till few

,

in nu m ber a n d th e a n i m a ls too k the pl a ce of ser va n ts a n old ,

m a n bo ug h t a cow a n d a ca ra ba o fr om h i s n ei
g hb or W i
t h .

th ese a n i m a l s h e tr a vell ed un ti l h e rea ch ed th e top of a m oun

ta in Th er e th ey sa w a ca ve a n d th e old m a n told his ser va n ts
.
,

to en ter a n d see i f th ere w a s a n y d a n g er i ns id e With slow a n d .

ca u tio u s s teps th e ca r a b a o a n d th e cow w en t i n nin g

ex a m i ,

ever y co r n er All a t o n ce th e cow per cei

. ved so m ethi ng m oving .

In h is fr ig h t h e j u m ped ba ck a n d h id beh ind h is com pa nio n ; ,

b u t th e s l ow g oi ng ca r a ba o did n ot see the fig ur e a n d s uddenly

-
,

h e fel t h i s hi nd leg seized in a s trong g r as p The g od of th e .

ca ve h a d ca ug h t h i m Then th e g od o f th e ca ve Spoke Hi
. s .

voi ce w a s terr i fying b u t h is w ords w er e ki

, nd He to ld them .

h ow for m a ny d a ys h e h a d been hungr y a n d he as ked for m ea t , .

Th e cow w h ose cour a g e h a d by th i

, s ti m e been som ew h a t re
1
Narra ted by Am a n da Momen ts 11 Ta ga log from P i a m a la ya M in doro Sh e hea rd
. n n, .

th e stor y fr o m a n ol d wom a n of her to wn .

 Mem oirs of the Am er i
ca n Fol k L ore Society -
.

i f i i hi
’
s tor e d g l,a dly o f
f er e d h m so m e o h er m as te r s p r o v s o n s w c h ,

Sh e w a s ca rr yi ng In r etu r n for th is kindn ess th e g o d ga ve

.
,

ea ch o f th e a n i m a l s a d r ess : to th e ca ra ba o h e g a v e o n e o f g old;
a n d to th e cow o n e of br o nze
, He al so i n vited th e t wo to .

r em a i n w ith h im a n d b e h is ser va n ts .

Som e ti m e a fter th e tw o fr i end s h a d been i n s ta l le d i n th ei r

n ew h om e th e g od o f th e ca ve sen t th em on e d a y to g a th e r fr u i
, ts .

The ca r a ba o a n d th e cow w er e d el i g h te d a t th is p r o s p e ct o f a

ch a n g e a n d th ey j u m ped w i
, th j oy They r u sh ed o u t in to the .

w ood s ; a n d w h en th ey ca m e to a pond they too k o ff th ei r n ew ,

C l oth es a n d plun g ed i nto th e so ft m u d Wh ile th e y w ere en .

j oying th eir ba th th ey sa w th eir m a s ter com in g

, H e w as .

ca r r ying a b ig s tick Th ey kn ew very w ell th a t h e w o u ld b ea t

.

th em for th ey h a d been a w a y th e w h ol e m orn i

, ng I n th ei r .

h aste to g et th eir cloth es b a ck on th ey m a de a m is ta k e : the ,

ca r a b a o g o t i n to th e cow s d ress a n d th e cow in to th e ca r a b a o s

’
,
’
.

After th a t th ey n ever ex ch a n g ed th ei r clo th es w hi ch fin a lly ,

beca m e th eir ou ter s kin 30 to da y the ca r a ba o h a s a tig ht .

-

b ron ze co lor ed s kin ; a n d th e cow a loose g o lden co lo r e d o n e

-
,
-
.

NO TE .

Li n g th i
k e th e p reced i s s tor y , a p pea r s to b e a n a ti
ve Ta g a lo g ta le .

I k n ow o f n o o ther va r i
a n ts .

73 .Y
M O N KEY I s WI SE )
WH THE

O n ce upon a ti m e th ere l ived a poo r m an w h o h a d seven

so n s . Th ese yo ung m en a ll ex cep t th e yo ung est h el p e d their

, ,

a g ed fa th er w i th th e w or k ; b u t th e fa m i ly beca m e poo r er a n d
poor er O n e da y w h en th ey h a d ex h a us ted a ll their m ea n s of
.
,

s uppor t th e fa th er ca ll ed h i
, s so n s bef or e h i m To ever y son .

h e a ss ig n ed a cer ta i
n k i
nd o f w o r k s o th a t th ere m ig h t b e co ,

o per a ti on a n d h en ce efli
, cien cy i n th e l a bor s o f th e h u m bl e ,

fa m ily To th e young es t son wa s a ssig n ed th e ta s k of g a t h ering

.

s ti cks i n th e for es t for fuel .

Not lo ng a fter w a r d s a pes ti l en ce broke ou t in th e l ittl e town

w h er e th e old m a n l i ved a n d a ll h i s son s b u t th e yo un g es t d i
, ed .

The fa th er w as l eft to s ta rve on h i s b ed fo r h i s only l i vi n g son ,

w a s so ung r a teful a s n ot to g i ve a n y h elp to h i s f a th er i n his

l a s t yea r s Wh en the old m a n w a s a bo ut to br ea th e h is la s t

.
,

h e ca ll ed h i s s on to g i ve h i m hi s fin a l ben ed i ctio n ; b u t th e

1 N a rra te d by F ra n cisco M . Africa .

 Mem oir s of the A m er i
ca n Fol k L or e S ociety -
.

No , her g u a r di
a n swer ed an a fter i t is c ea n ed , i t m u s t b e b ea ten l .

W ll
e , a fter i ti s b ea ten , i s i t r ea d for u se ? sa i
”
y
d th e l a z y g ir l .

Th e god d ess sa i d t a t b efo r e i h

t co u d b e u sed , i l
t w o u l d h a ve to b e s pun .

“
W l
el , a fter i t i s sp u n ,
”
p ers i
s t ed t h e sa u c m a id en ,
“
is i t rea d for y y
"
u se ?
“
No ; i t m u s t n ex t b e w oven i n to clo t , cu t, a n d se w e d , h
a n s w ered the

p a tie n t g o d d e ss .

”
O h ! sa i d th e g i r , 1 t w i ta k e a l on g ti ll
m e a n d m u c h h a r d w or k to l
l h
m a k e c o t es t a t w a y h
T i s ea t er ide, w i
. ch l y o u h a vhe gi h
v e n m e to h h
b ea t the co tto n o n , wi m a k e m e b e tter c oth i ll n g , b e ca u s e i t wi ll wear l
lon g er
”
.So s h e co vered er self w i t th e ea t er h h
Th e g o d d es s was so l h .

a n gry a t th e g i r fo r h er a zi l n ess , t a t s he deter m i l n ed t h a t th eh ea ther l

h l
s ou d n ot on ly
b e h er d r ess , b u t a lso b ecom e her ve r y s k in T en the . h
g o d d es s too k th e s tick f o r b ea ti n g th e co tt o n , a n d , th r u s ting i t b etween
th e m a i den s b u tto ck s , sa i
’
d to h er , T i s s tick wi b eco m e a p a r t o f our h ll y
y
b od , a n d yo u w i l u se i t for cl i l m bi n g p u r p oses
-
As a p e n a l ty fo r our . y
la zi n ess , e n cefo r th y o u s a l ivhe I n tr ee s in t hh l l
e f ore s t, a n d t h e re yo u wi l l
y
fin d ou r food .

h
T u s o ri g in a te d th e r s t m o n k e w it fi a coa t o f e a t e r y
a n d a ta i h
l l h .

O b vio u s ly con n ected w i

th th i s Iloca n o s tor y a r e th r e e Ti
n gui
an
m yth s recor ded b y Co l e, w h o a b s tra cts them thu s :

( No . Al y az i
m a n , w ho
s p a n ti n g cor n , co n s ta n tl l y l ea ns on hi
s

p l a n ti
n g s ti
ck . -
I t b eco m es a ta i a n d h e tu r n s i l
n to a m o n k e
, y .

( NO . A b oy i s too a z to s tr i
p s u l y
g a r ca n e fo r im se f h l . Hi
s m o t er , h
i
n a n g er , ll
te s him to s ti ck i t u p hi s a n us He does so , a . nd b eco m es a
m on k e y .

( No . Al y az g i
r p r ete l
n d s s hedoes n o t k n ow ho w to s p i n . Her
co m o n s, i
pa n i n di
s g u s t, te ll her to s tick the s p in nin g - s tick u p h er a n u s.
Sh e does so , a n d a t on ce c h a n g es in to a m o n k e y .

Com pa re l
a so a B a gob o s to r y
llected b y Miss B e n ed ic t ( J AFL
co

26 w h er e a la d le b ecom es a m on k ey s ta il ; a lso a n A fr ica n sa g a in ’

Dah n h a r d t (3
Th e F il ip in os ha ve h
o t er ex p l a n a to r y m y ths which c r ed i
t fer
L u ci
th th e cr ea ti
wi on of m on k e ys a n d s n a k es .

( ) 74 . a TH E LO ST NE CKL ACE )

O n ce a crow boug h t a fin e n eckl a ce fro m a m er c h a n t He .

w a s ver y p ro ud o f h i s pu r ch a s e whi ch h e i m m ed i a te l y p u t ,

a r o und h is n eck so th a t ever ybody co uld See i , t Th e n h e fl ew .

a w a y a n d ca m e to a bea u ti
, ful l ittl e g a r d en w her e h e m e t h is ,

O ld fr iend th e h en s tr u tting a bo u t w ith h er ch icks fo l lo w ing ,

“
h er Th e h en s a i
. d to h im O h w h a t a fin e n eck l a ce yo u h a ve ! , ,

Ma y I borr ow it ? I w ill r etu r n it to you to m orr ow w ith ou t -

fa il .

1 N a rra te d by F a cu n d o Es qu ivel , a Ta g a log . w h o h ea r d th e stor y fr om a fr i

en d fr om

Ce b u. Th e s tor y is Visa ya n .
 Fi
lip i
n o P opu l a r Ta les .
4 5
1

Now , th e cr ow l iked th e h en : so he will ing ly len t h er th e

n eck l a ce for a da y The nex t m or n ing w hen the crow r e
.
,

tur n ed for h i s pr o per ty h e fo und th e h en a n d her ch i

, cks scra tch
”
in g th e g r o und n ea r a n o ld w al l Wher e is m y n eck l a ce ? .

sa i d th e crow .

“
Iti s l os t
”
sa i
, d th e hen My ch icks took it yester d a y w hil e
.

I w as a s leep a n d n ow they do n ot r em em ber w h er e th ey p u t

,

i t
. We h a ve been looking for it al l da y a n d yet w e h a ve n o t ,
”
been a bl e to find it .

“
You m u s t p a y for i t a t on ce sa id th e crow or el se I s h al l
, ,
”
g o to th e k in g a n d t ell h im th a t y o u s to l e m y n ec k l a ce .

The h en w as fr i g h t en ed a t th is r eply a n d s h e b eg a n to w o nd er,

h ow s h e could r a i se th e n ecessa r y m on ey Th e cr ow w ho w a s . ,
“
on hi s w a y to a fi es ta a t l a s t sa i d im pa tientl y I w ill ta ke on e
, ,

o f yo u r ch i cks ever y d a y i n p a ym en t o f w h a t yo u ow e m e As .

soon a s you find th e n eck l a ce g i ve i t to m e a n d th en I w i

, ll ,
”
s to p ea ti n g your Ch icks Th e h en h a d to b e sa ti
. s fi ed w i th th i s

a r r a n g em en t for s h e fea r ed th a t th e cr ow w o uld g o to th e ki

, ng
i f s h e r efused .

Un to th is da y th en you ca n fin d hen s a n d ch icks tog eth er

, ,

l ooking for th e l os t n eck la ce by scr a tch ing th e g r ound ; a n d th e

cr ow s a r e s ti ll ex a cting pa ym en t for the l os t j ew el by ea ting
ch i cks . It i s sa i d th a t the h en s a n d ch ickens w ill never cea se
scr a tch i ng th e g round un til th e l os t n eck l a ce is found .

( )
b TH E CO CK AND TH E S PAR R O W HAWK ) -

Lo n g ago th e s pa r row
h a w k a n d th e cock w er e ver y g ood
-

fr iends O n ce w h en th e cocks w ere g oing to ho ld a g re a t fies ta

.
,

in th e n ei g hb o r i
n g vill a g e a p r o ud yo un g roos t
,e r w h o w is h ed ,

to g et th e r epu ta ti o n for bei ng r ich a n d consequ en tly win h im

a wi fe w en t to th e s parrow h a w k a n d sa id
,
“
My fr iend
-
, , ,

pl ea s e l end m e you r b ra cel et ! I a m g oing to ou r fies ta ; a n d I

wi s h to m a k e so m e youn g h en s th er e bel i eve th a t I a m r i ch ,

in o r d er th a t th ey m a y l ove m e .

Th e sp ar row h a w k a n sw er ed -
With m u ch pleas u re m y , ,

f r iend .

SO th e cock w en t to th e fiesta w ear i n g th e borrow ed bra cel et .

Wh il e h e w as d a n cing how ever h e los t the j ew el a n d co uld

, , ,

find it now h er e At l a s t h e w en t ba ck to th e s par row h a w k

.
-
,
“
a n d sa i d I am ver y sorr y m y fr iend b u t I l os t your bra cel et
, , ,

1
Narra ted by Dolores Asun cio of Ma n ila Sh e hea rd the sto y f om a n ol d Tag a log
n . r r .
 Mem oir s of the Am erica n Fol k Lor e S ociety
-
.

whi
le I w as I ca n find it now her e
d a n cing , W h a t do you
and .

”
wi s h m e to g i ve yo u i n p a ym en t for i t?
Th e spar row h a w k a n sw ered -
Since th a t b r a ce l e t w a s an ,

h eir loom I va lu ed it ver y h ig hly You m u s t g o b a ck to the

, .

pl a ce W her e you th ink you l os t it a n d th ere l oo k fo r it u n til you ,

find it In th e m ea n tim e I reser ve th e ri

.
g h t to ta k e fro m you r
"
fl ock a ch icken w h enever I pl ea se .

So ever s i
, n ce th a t tim e s pa r r ow h a w ks ar e o ften s een ca r ryi ng -

o ff yo un g ch i cken s w h i le th e cook s h a ve been b u s y s cr a tching

,

th e g ro und to find the l ost br a cel et H ens a l s o s cr a tch the .

so i,l for th ey h a te to l ose th eir ch i cks a n d th ey w a n t to fin d the ,

bra cel et a s soo n a s possibl e Th ey look u p in to th e sk y to .

s ee i f th e s p a r r ow h a w k i s n ea r ; th en th ey s cr a tc h
-
th e soi l
“ " “
vi g or o u s ly a n d c,ry T a c ta la oc ! w h ich m, e a n s C o m -
e a n d -
,
"
h elp m e !
N O TE .

An other Visa ya n va ria n t o f thes e two stories m a y b e fo u n d in the

Jou rn a l of Am er ica n Fo lk Lo re (2 0 wh e n ce it h a s b een -
”

n ted b y M C Co l e (p Th e Ha w k a n d th e H en ”
r ep r i . . An. .

Afri can a n a log u e m a y b e fou n d i

n Da yrell ( No x v p .
, .

F THE STO R Y O F O U R
NG )
75 . I ER S

Why s a id An ton io to h is g r a ndfa ther on e d a y

, d oes our ,
”
thu m b s ta nd sep a r a te fr om th e o th er fing ers ?
“ "
Th a t i s o nly so i n o u r d a ys r epl ied old Jul i an I n the , .

d a ys of l ong a g o th e fing ers o f o u r a n cestors stood tog e th er in the

Sa m e posi tion O n e d a y on e o f th ese fing ers th e o n e w e ca ll
.
,

th e l i ttl e fing er b eca m e ver y hung ry a n d h e a s k ed th e fing er

, ,

n ex t to h im to g ive h im so m e food .

‘
O broth er ! sa i d th e Ring F ing er in reply I a m h un g ry
’
-
,
’
a l so ; b u t W h er e s h a ll w e g et food ?

H ea ven is m er ciful p u t in th e Middl e F ing er tr ying to ,

’
-
,

co m for t h i s tw o b r o th ers ; H ea ven w ill g ive u s so m e .

’

B u t B r oth er Mi
’
, ddl e F ing er p rotes ted th e Fo r e fin g er -
, ,
‘
w ha t i f H ea ven g i
’
ves u s n o food ?
“‘ ‘
Well th en in ter posed th e Thu m b let u s stea l !
, ,
’
,
’

Stea l ! ech oed th e For efin g er n o t a t a ll pleas ed by the

’
,

a dv i ce th a t h a d j u s t been g i ven Mr Thum b kn ow s b etter . .

’
th a n to d o th a t I h o pe ! ,

“‘
Th a t i s b a d p ol i cy Mr Thu m b con clud ed th e other , .
,
’

Na rra ted b y Le pold U icha c a T g a l g from Ca la m ba L a La g un a

1
o o n o. a o . .
4 1 8 Mem oir s of the Am er i
ca n Fol k -L or e Society .

to keep the h ouse in r epa ir beca use h e could ca r r y b its o f ea r th

,

a n d o th er bu i ld ing m a ter ia l s Sn a il w a s m a d e th e co o k b e
-
.
,

ca u se h e w a s too s l ow for a n y o th er du ty ex cep t te n d i n g the

h o u se.

Ea r ly on e da y D a l a g w en t ou t to look for food H e sw a m .

s l ow ly h er e an d th ere a m on g th e w a ter pl a n ts w h en s u d d en ly -
,

h e sa w som eth i ng m ovin g on th e sur fa ce of th e w a te r W h en .

he a pproa ch ed n ea rer h e sa w th a t i , t wa s a b i g f r o g s w im m in g
“
h elpl es s ly a m ong th e du ck w eed s -
Th is i s a bi g p
. ie c e o f s w ee t
”
food for u s th oug h t D a l a g a n d w ith o u t h esita tio n h e seiz ed
, ,

th e fr og Wh en h e h a d a ss u r ed h im self th a t it co ul d n o t g et
.

a w a y fr om h i m h e s ta r ted to sw i
, m h om e B u t a l a s ! h e n ever .
,

rea ch ed h i s co m p a n i o n s ; for a s h a r p h ook w a s i ns ide th e fr og ,

a n d p oor D a l a g w a s ca ug h t fa s t He tr i ed h a r d to f r ee h i
. m se lf ,

but i n va in Soon a fis herm a n cam e a n d pu tting D a l a g in h i

.
, , s

bas ket took h im h o m e a n d a te h im

, .

In th e m ea n tim e Da la g s th r ee com pa n ion s w er e a n x io u s ly

’

wa i ting for h im When th ey r ea l ized th a t he w a s los t D r a g on

. ,

Fly w as sen t ou t to look for h i m B efor e h e w en t D r a g o n Fly

.
,
-

s pen t a l on g ti m e a r ra ng ing his n eck tie Th en h e fl ew a w a y -

.
,

tur n i ng h is h ea d in a ll d ir ection s to look for D a l a g A t l as t .

h e m et B ola s i(a k i nd o f fish w h ose l ips a l w a ys m ove in a n d ou t

on th e s u r fa ce of th e w a ter ) a n d h e beca m e ver y a n g r y b eca us e
,

h e th o u g h t th a t B o la s iw a s l a ug h i ng a t h is n eck tie D r a g on -
.

F ly th o u g h t th a t hi s ti e m u s t b e too l oose so h e ti g h te n e d it , .

Sti ll B ola s il a ug h ed ever y tim e h e sa w D r a g on Fly D r a g on -

.

F ly kep t d r a w i ng his tie tig h ter a n d tig h ter un til a t l a s t he ,

‘ a n d th a t w a s th e en d o f h i
cu t h i s ow n h ea d o fl , m .

Tw o d a ys h a d n ow p a ssed ; s till D a l a g a n d Dr a g on Fl y w ere -

mi ss ing fr om h om e B y th is tim e Wa sp a n d Sn a il w er e very

.

hung r y B u t Sn a il h a d th e a d va n ta g e over Wa s p ; for Sn a il

.

co uld ea t m u d to p a ss a w a y th e ti m e w hi l e Wa s p co uld n o t ,

ea t m u d b u t co uld o nly d r a w i
,
n hi s bel t a l i ttl e ti g h t er At .

l a s t Wa s p could n o l ong er endu r e h is hu n g er His a b d o m en .

by th is tim e h a d becom e ver y s l end er : so h e fl ew for th in sea r ch

o f ei th er D a l a g o r D r a g on F ly Wh il e he w a s flying a b o u t h is
-
.
,

hung er oppr ess ed h im so m u ch th a t h e ti g h te n,ed h i

s b e l t a g a in
an d agai n un til h e fin a lly broke in tw o ; a n d th a t w a s th e en d
,

o f Wa s p .

Now only Sn a i l w a s l eft He set o u t fr om h is h om e a n d

.
,

w a nder ed ever yw h er e i n sea r ch o f h i s th r ee co m p a n i on s w ee

p ,
 li
Fi p i
n o P opu l a r Ta l es . 1
4 9

i
ng as h e w en t . Hi
s food co n s isted m ostly of m u d .Wh en
ever heuld find a s ta lk of g r ass or th e stem of a
co w a ter pl a n t
-
,

Sn a il w ould cl im b up to look a ro und a n d to see if a n y of h is old

fr iends w er e in s ig h t Even to da y th e s n ail s s till w eep ; a n d
.
-

w h enever th ey see a s ta l k of g r ass pr oj ecti

ng a bove th e sur fa ce
o f th e w a ter th ey cl im b up a n d loo k a r o und tr yi
, ng to d is ,

co ver th eir o ld fr iend s .

77 W H Y TH E CUTTLE FI SH AN D SQ UI DS PR O DUCE A
-
BL A CK L I O U I D.
l

A l o ng ti m e a g o , a fter B a th a l a h a d cr ea ted th e fis h es , h e 2

a ss i
g n ed a cer ta n
i d a y fo r a l l o f th em t o m ee t i
n th e D a r k Sea .

Th e o bj ect o f th i s con ven ti on w a s to a ppoi n t som e oflicers .

Ea r ly in th e m orn ing o f th e d a y desig n a ted , th e fishes w ere to

b e s een hu rr yi ng to th e m eeting Wh en th ey rea ch ed the .

a ss em bly h a ll they fo und B a th a l a s itting on a bea u tiful s to ne

, ,

wai ti n g fo r th em He ca ll ed th e r oll w h en it seem ed th a t a ll

.

o f th e fi s h es w er e presen t I t w a s fo und th a t th e cu ttl e fish

.
-

a n d squ i d w er e a bsen t so th ey w a ited for th em a hal f h our ;

,
-

b u t s ti ll th ey d id n ot com e At l a s t B a th a l a a r ose a n d sa id .
, ,
”
Th e m eeting w i ll com e to or der After th e fi s h es h a d ta ken .

“
th ei r p r o per pos i tion s B a th a l a con ti nued Th e obj ect of th is
, ,

m eeti ng is to a ppo in t so m e oflicer s a n d to iss ue their a ppoint

m en ts .

At on ce a ll th e fis h es beca m e ver y qu i et a n d res pectful for ,

a l l w er e a nx i o u s to kn ow w h a t o fli ces ea ch w a s g o i ng to hold .

B a th a l a a ppo i n ted th e s ting r a y serg ea n t a t a r m s : hen ce a ll - - -

s ti n g r a ys n o w h a ve w h i
-
p l ike ta il s The cr ocod ile w as a p -
.

poin ted ca d a ver ca r r ier : so n ow a ll its ch ild r en h a ve a co flin

-

l ike s kin on their ba cks Th e cr a b w as m a d e a so ldier : so to d a y

.
-

a ll i ts d es cend a n ts h a ve l a r g e a n d s tr on g for e l eg s B a th a l a -
.

h a d n ot fin i s h ed g i ving o u t h is a ppoin tm en ts w hen the two

mi ss ing m em bers ca m e Th ey a t on ce in ter r upted the m eeting
.

by a s king w h a t it w a s al l a bou t B a th a la beca m e ver y a n gr y .

a t th e i n terr uption so he sco lded th e s ting r a y a n d th e squid

,
-

sever ely Th e rebuke hu m i

. l ia ted th em so th a t th ey a g r eed ,

betw een th em sel ves to g o g et m u d a n d thr ow it on th e o flicia l

a ppo i n tm en ts Wh en th ey h a d g otten th e m u d th ey ca m e
.
,

b a ck a n d a sked B a th a l a to g ive th em so m eth ing to do ; b u t ,

1 Na a ted by Victoria C i da da n f Ba ta ga Sh e sa ys sh e h a rd the to y from a n

rr u o o n s. e s r

old w mo anI t i k w b y both th e T ga l g

. s no n d the Via ya s a o s an s n .

B a th a la . th e Su p rem e Be i
ng of th e a n ci
en t Ta g a log s .
in s tea d o f a ppoi n ting th em to so m e w or k , he on l y sco ld ed them
fo r b ein g l a te A n g er ed ,
. th ey n ow thr ew m u d o n a l l th e a p
p o in tm en t s t h a t h a d a l r ea dy been d ra w n up T h is i n s ul ting .

a ct o f th e cu ttl e fish a n d th e squ i d so en r a g ed B a th a l a , th a t he

-

“
s tood up , a n d sa i d in thunder in g tones , Now I s h a l l p uni sh

o u F r om t h is t im e o n , yo u a n d you r d escen d a n ts s h a l l ca rry

y .

pou ch es o f m u d w ith you a ll th e tim e B es id es , yo u s h a l l be .

ver y s low in m oving beca use o f yo ur h ea vy loa d s T h e sq u id .

tr ied to m a ke ex cu ses b u t B a th a l a beca m e a n g r i

er th a n ever
, ,
“
a n d sa i d You a r e th e n a u g h ties t crea ture I ev er h a d
, As a .

pun is h m en t you a nd your ch ildren s h a ll rem a in th e sa m e si

, ze

An d a ll of B a th a la s w ord s h a v e tu r n ed ou t
’
a s yo u a r e n ow .

to b e tr u e .

7 8 . WHY cocx s HAVE com e s O N TH EI R HEAD S .

l

O n ce upo n a ti
me th er e w a s
n am ed P a b lo w ho a ci
m agi an ,

h a d a so n ca ll ed Ju a n P a bl o w a s ver y i ndustr io u s b u t J uan

.
,

w as l a zy a n d d i so bed i en t Ju a n ca r ed for n o th in g b u t fin e.

cl oth es a n d h i s o w n a ppea r a n ce ; h e w o uld n o t h el p h i s fa ther .

’
O n e d a y P a bl o w en t i n to h is son s r oom to find o u t w h a t h e w as
d oing Th er e h e w a s s ta nd ing before a m irr or a n d co m bing
. , ,

hi s ha i r P a bl o w a s so a n g r y a t h i
. s so n th a t h e i m m ed i a tely ,

s n a tch ed th e co m b f r o m h i s h a nd Th en h e a n g r il y s tr u ck the .

“
boy s h ea d w ith the co m b a n d s po ke th ese h a rs h w or d s : Sin ce
’
,

y o u a l w a ys w a n t to u s e th e co m b let it b e on y o u r h e a d fo rev er ! ,

I p refer to h a ve n o son a t a ll I w o uld r a th er see yo u ch a n g ed .

”
in to a b ir d th a n to r em a in s u ch a d isobed ien t w or th l ess b o y , .

Th e fa th er s tr u ck h i s s on s h ea d so h a r d th a t th e co m b s tu ck
’

d eep in to the skull B y P a bl o s m a g ic pow er J u a n w a s im

’
.
,

m ed i a tely ch a n g ed i n to a cock a n d th e com b on h is h ea d w as ,

ch a n g ed i n to fl es h We ca n see it to da y on th e h ea d s o f a ll
.
-

th e d escend a n ts o f Ju a n .

N O TE .

I k n ow a n ts o f s to r i
o f n o va r i es Nos 7 . 6—
7 8 .

79 ( ) C R O.W B E CAMaE B LACK H ow TH E .

”

A l on g tim e a g o w h en B a th a l a th e g od of th e l a n d w a s
, , ,

p ea cefully r ul i
n g h i
s d o m n
i i
o n s h e h a d m a ny pets A m o n g , .

l N a rra te d ta N i
b y R os i eva . a Ta ga l og fr o m B oa c , M a rin d u q ue . Sh e h ea rd th e
sto r y fro m h er g ra n d m oth er .

d b y Vi t L
N a r ra te cen e . Neri. a Via ya
s n fr om Ca g a ya n. M isa m is . He w a s tol d
the stor y by h i g d m th s ra n o er .
 Mem oirs of ca n F ol k Lor e S oci
the Am er i ety -
.

Si
n u k u an , a n d a ll w er e eith hi
ersp l a n tssor a n i
ubj ects
m als .

No hu m a n bei ng s w ere yet in ex is tence Sin u k u a n lived i n a .

b ea utiful pa l a ce s u rr ounded with g a rd en s o f g o ld I n these .

g a rd en s l ived tw o cr ow s w ho sa n g sw eet son g s a n d d id n othi ng ,

b u t fly a bo u t a m ong th e flow ers a n d trees Th e i r g o ld en pl u m .

a g e w a s bea u ti ful to see a n d Si n u k u a n too k g r ea t d e l i

, g h t in

th em .

O n ce a terr i bl e pes til en ce visited the ea r th a n d a g r ea t m any ,

of Si n u k u a n s ani
’
m a l s beg a n to d i e In h is d is tr e s s a n d sorrow .
,

Si n u k u a n a t on ce s et o u t a n d m a de a to u r o f h i s k i n g d om to

g iv e w h a t r el i
e f h e co uld t o h is s u ffe r in g s ubj ec ts A f te r b e in g .

a w a y th r ee d a ys h e r etu r n ed to h i
, s p a l a ce h i s m i n d w ei g h ted ,

dow n by a ll the dea th a n d s ickn ess h e h a d see n W h en he .

r ea ch ed hi s g a r d en h e ca lled to h i , s tw o b i rd s to co m e s i n g for

hi m a n d r el i eve h i s m en ta l a n g u i s h ; b u t n ei th er o f th e b i rds

ca m e Si
. n u k u a n w en t th r o ug h h i s g a r d en s b u t h e ca l l ed i n ,
“ ”
va i n . 0 bi r d s ! w h er e a r e you ? h e cr i ed Th i n ki n g tha t .

per h a ps th ey h a d flo w n a w a y a n d h a d been a tta c k ed b y the

pes tilence h e d eter m in ed to m a ke a nother tr ip th r o u g h hi
, s

king do m a n d l ook for th em .

He h a d n ot w a lked a m i l e w h en a pproa ch in g a n u m ber of , ,

dea d a n im a l s h e s a w th e p a ir fea sting on the d eca y in g flesh

, .

Wh en th ey s a w th eir m a ster th ey bow ed th eir h e a d s in s h a m e , .

Ha d n o t Si n u k u a n r es tr a in ed h im self h e m i h
g t h a v e ki lled ,

th em th a t ver y m o m en t ; b u t h e th o ug h t o f a b e tte r w a y to
” “
pun is h th em Now. he s a i d a s he cu rsed th em
, fr o m th i
, s ,

ti m e o n yo u s h a ll b e ver y ug ly bl a ck b i
,
r d s ; yo u s h a l l l o s e yo ur

bea u tiful vo ice a n d s h a ll b e a bl e to m a ke only a h a r s h cr y

, .

F rom th a t ti m e on th ose bi r d s w er e bl a ck a n d th ei
, r o ffs p r i ng ,

a re th e cr ow s o f to d a y -
.

( ) c O
TH E D V E A N D TH E cn ow .
l

A few d a ys a fter th e i nund a tion of th e w or ld G od sen t a ,

cr ow d ow n to ea r th to s ee h ow d eep th e w a ter w a s o n th e l a n d .

When th e cr ow fl ew dow n to ea r th h e w as s ur prised to see so ,

m a ny d ea d a n i
m a l s ever yw h er e I t ca m e to h i s m i
nd th a t p er .

h a p s th ey w ould ta s te g ood s o h e a l ig h ted on on e of th em a n d ,

beg a n to ea t He w a s s o ver y m u ch pl ea sed w ith th e a bu n d a n ce

.

o f food a bo u t h im th a t h e for g o t a ll a bo u t th e com m a nd G od

,

ha d g i ven hi m a n d h e r em a i ned on th e ea r th
, .

1 N a rra te d by R es ti
tu to D Ca r p i
. o. a Za m bal fr om Ca b a ng a n . Za m ba les .
 Fi
lip i
n o P opu la r Ta l es . 2
4 3

O n th e th i
r d d a y, s i ce
n th e crow h a d n ot r et rn e u d God
, se nt
a d ove d ow n to ea r th to find ou t th e d ep th of th e w a ter a n d to ,

m a ke o th er obser va ti on s o f th e th i ng s th a t h a d ta ken pl a ce o n
th e ea r th As th e d ove w as a fa i
. thful cr ea tu r e s h e d i d n o t for ,

g e t w h a t G od to ld h er Wh e n s h e r.e a c h e d th e e a r t h s h e d i d ,

n ot a l i g h t o n a n y d ea d a n im a l b u t a l i
g h t ed d ir ec,tly in th e w a te r .

Now th e w a ter w a s r ed fr om th e bl ood o f so m a ny cr ea tu r es th a t

,

h a d been s l a i n When th e d ove s tood in th e bl oody w a ter

.
,

s h e fo und th a t i t w as o nly a n i n ch d eep Sh e a t on ce fl ew ba ck .

to h ea ven w h er e i , n th e pr esen ce o f Go d s h e r el a ted w h a t s h e

, ,

h a d seen on ea r th w h i l e the cr im so n col or o n h er feet w as evi

,

d en ce o f th e d ep th of th e w a ter .

After a s h or t ti m e th e cr ow r etu rn ed He ca m e befor e G od .

,
“
w h o s po ke to h i m thu s : Wh a t m a d e you so l ong ? Why did
”
y o u n o t r et u r n soo n er f r o m th e e a r th ? A s t h e c r ow h a d n o

g oo d r ea so n t o g iv e fo r h is d e l a y h e sa id n o th in g : h,e s im ply
ben t h is h ea d .

G od pun i s h ed th e cr ow by pu tti ng a ch ain on h is l eg s So .

th a t to d a y th e cr o w ca nn ot w a lk : a ll h e ca n do i
-
s to h op fr o m

p l a ce to pl a ce T h e d o.v e w h i c h w a s f a i
t hful
, t o G o d i
s n o w ,

th e fa vor i te p et b i r d th e w or ld over Th e r ed col or on h er feet .

m a y b e seen to da y a s evi d en ce th a t sh e per for m ed h er du ty

-
.

NO TES .

No n e of o u r s tor i
es p r es e n ts th e ex a ct se qu en ce o f even ts fou n d
i
n oth er l
fo k -ta les o f the sen din g o u t o f the ra ven -
and the do ve a fter
th e Del u g e
to m ea su r e the dep th o f th e wa ter ; b u t there ca n b e n o
Z
do u b t tha t th e a m b a s to r (c) d er i
ves im m ed i l
a te y
from on e o f these ly .

sa ya n
Th e Vi a ccou n t m en ti
on s a flood , bu t n ot th e Del u g e . I n the
fa ct tha t th e ca u se o f the g r ea t in u n da tion is a qu a rrel b etween two
ch ief P a g a n d eities ther e seem s to b e p r eser ved a n old n a ti
, ve tra d i
tion .

I n th e P a m p a n g a n s to r y n ot o n ly i
s the cu r se o f the crow a ttr i bu ted to
a P a g a n dei ty Si n u ku an b u t the occa s ion o f th e b ir d s dow n fa ll i
’
, , s a

p es til en ce T h ere
. is n o m e n tio n w ha tever o f a flood n o r i
s th e dove ,

a llu ded to .

Dah n h a r dt ( I
'

) h a s d i
s cu sse d
: 2 83 2 8 7
a—
n u m b er o f fo l k t a l es a n d -

tra d i
ti s h m en t o f th e ra ven a n d the rew a r di
o n s o f th e p u n i n g o f th e

d ove These a r e fo r th e m os t p a rt a ssoci

. a ted w ith po p u l a r a ccou n ts of
eve n ts im m ed i a tely a fter th e Del u g e Two tha t seem to b e n ea r ly .

l
re a ted to o u r vers i
on s m ay be r epro d u ced her e i
n En g lis h
( P ol is h s to r y f th o e d ove .
) Wh en Noa hh h
des pa tc ed a dove from th e
ad

Ar k , th e b i
rd al ig h ted on a n l ed i
oa k , b u t soi ts feet in th e w a ter of th e F ood , l
 Mem oir s of the A m er i
ca n Fol k L or e Society -
.

w i
c h h wa s fr om th e b ood o f th e m u ti
a ll red l
tu des th a t h a d b ee n d r o wn ed l .

Si n ce t en , doves h a ve a ll h a d r ed feet h ( T is deta il a p p ea r s in p a r t word . h

for w or d i n o u r Z a m b a s tor ) l y .

A
( ra b i a n tra d i o n r ecor ded b y th e n i
ti nt -
cen tu r i a n Ta b a r l )
s to r i Noah h yh .

sa i
“
d to th e ra ven , Go a n d se t foo t o n th e ea r t a n d see h o w d ee p th e wa ter h
is n ow The ra ven fl ew fo r th
. B u t o n th e wa y i t fou n d a co r p s e ; i
. t b q an
to ea t of i t a n d di d n o t r etu r n to Noa h
, Noa , tr o u b l ed , c u r sed the . h
r a ve n :
“
Ma y God m a k e yo u des pised of m a n k in d , a n d m a y yo u r food
l y
a w a s b e cor p ses T en Noa sen t the d ove fort h h
Th e d o ve fl ew a w ay. h .

a n d wi t ou t a i hg tin g di ppl h
ed i
ts fee t in t h e w a te r B u t t h e w a ter o f the .

l
F ood w a s sa t a n d s ti n gily
ng ; it b u r n ed th e dove s feet so t h a t th e fea t ers
’
h
di d n o t g r ow i n a ga i n , a n d th e s k in d r o p ped o ff T o se d o v e s th a t a ve . h h
r ed feet w i h h
t o u t fea t ers a r e th e des cen da n ts of the do ve t h a t N o a h sen t
fo r t h T en Noa sa i
. h h
d , Ma y God m a k e you wel com e a m o n g m a n k i
“
nd!
”

For t is rhea s o n th e d o ve is ev en to -
d a y b e oved of m a n k in d ( T hi s ver l .

si on i s o f es p eci a i n ter es t i l
n co n n ecti on wi t the Vi sa ya n s to r y , w h i c h co m es h
fro m Mi n da n a o , th e o m e of Mo a m m ed a n i h sm i n th e P hi l ip p in es h Note .

th e clo se cor res p o n den ces ) .

Wh ile it a p pea r s to m e m o re tha n l ik ely tha t ou r Fil ip in o s to r ies de

ri ve u l tim a tely f ro m Ar a b i
a n so u r ces th ro u g h th e Moro s o f th e s o u thern

is l a n ds ra ther th a n th ro u g h th e Sp a n i a r ds n everthel es s to s e ttl e the ,

qu es tion a b solu tely m or e va r ia n ts a r e n eed ed for com p a r is o n .

Atten tion m ight b e ca lled to in ciden ts pecu l ia r to the P h ilip p in e

a cco u n ts a n d n o t fou n d i
n a n y of
th e vers i ted
o n s ci b y Dah n h a r d t .

( )
1 A deity , n ot Noa h , sen ds o u t th e b i
r ds .

( )
2 Th e crow s o f nu kua n
Si ( ) n
b , i a ddi
tion to b ecom i
ng b l a ck , a re

co n d em n ed ha ve ra u co u s u n p lea sa n t vo ices
fo r ever a fter wa r d to , .

(3) I n t h e V i
sa y a n s to r y B a th a l a m a k e s t h e crow b l a ck b y h u r l i
ng

an in k s ta n d a t i
t Th i s u n dig n ifi e d d et a il. m a y h a ve bee n ta k e n o v er

fr o m on e o f la r m etrica l rom a n ces ( B a ldovin os o r Doce

th e p o p u
“ ” “

ch C ha r l em a g n e l o ses h i
”
P a r es ) i n w hi s tem per a n d th ro w s a n i nk

w ell a t R ola n d (see JAF L 2 9 : 2 08 2 1 4 Or i t i s j u s t b a r ely , ,

p o ss ib l e th a t th i
s p p
o u l a r b it o f m a ch i
n e r y b eca m e a tt a ch ed to ou r

s to r y o f th e cr ow on th e a n a log y o f a n A n n a m i te ta l e ( La n des Co n tes ,

a nnam i
tes , p . 2 10 f.
, ci
ted b y Dah n h a rd t, 3

Th e r a ven and th e cog de pa gode w er e o n ce m en i n th e ser vi ce o f th e

sa i
nt ( Co n fu ciu s) , w ho tr a n s fo r m ed th em in to b i
r ds a s a p u n i
s h m en t fo r

di so b ed ie n ce I n o r d er . to u n d o th e p u n i h
s m en t a n d to m a k e th e sa i nt

la u g h , th e r a ven s m ea r ed i ts elf a ll o ver w i t i nk The coq dc pa g ode w i s ed h . h

to do th e sa m e to i ts elf, b u t h a d o n l e n o u g b a ck i n k fo r a f i
ts b o d ; fo r y h l h l y
th e r es t i t w a s o b li g e d to u s e r ed T e r efo r e t h e r a ve n i
s b a ck , a n d th e
. h l
cog de pa g ode i s a l f r ed , h
a l f b l a ck h .

(4 ) I n th e Za m b a l s to r y th e crow i
s pu n i
s h ed , b y b ei
n ot n g m a de

b la ck b u t b y ha v i
, n g a ch a i n p u t on i ts l eg s ; so th a t th e cr ow s to -d a y
ca n n o t w a l k , b u t m u st h o p fr om p l a ce to p l a ce .
4 2 6 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Folk Lore S oci
e ty
-
.

of ba m boo br idg es a cross th e ocea n Mill io n s o f m en were .

em pl oyed d a y a n d n i g h t tr a n s po r tin g th e w h ite b r i

c k s fro m on e

si de of th e ocea n to th e oth er At l as t th e p a tie n ce o f O cean .

ca m e to a n en d : sh e co uld n o t bea r to h a ve h er d ee p a n d q u i et

s lu m ber d i s tur bed O n e da y W hi le th e m en w er e b u sy carry

.
,

in g th e s a l t br icks a cr oss th e br i dg es s h e sen t fo r th b ig w a ves ,

a n d d es troyed th em Th e b r i ck ca r r ier s a n d th e i
. r b u r d en were -

bu r ied in h er deep bo so m In tim e th e sa l t d is s o l v ed a n d to

.
,

d a y th e ocea n i s s a l ty .

N O TE .

I k n ow of n o close a n a log u es to th is etiolog ica l m yth .

Th e hero of th e ta le An g n ga lo i s th e sa m e a s th e A 0 10 ( A n ga lo)
,
-
,

m en tion ed i n the n o tes to No 3 (p 2 7 foo tn ote) B l um e n tr itt . .

, .

s th e n a m e o f the Ada m of th e I lo ca n o s
“
wr ites An ga n g a lo i
, He .

wa s a g ia n t w h o cr ea ted th e wor ld a t th e o rder o f the s u p r e m e G o d .

‘
81 .
( ) WH
a Y TH E SKY 1s CU R VED .

Ma ny m a n y yea r s a g o w h en peopl e w ere in n oce n t a s soon

, , ,

a s th ey d i ed th ei r so ul s w en t d i
, r ectly to hea ven I n a s h or t .

ti m e h ea ven w a s cr ow d ed w i th so ul s beca u se n ea r l y e v er y on e ,

w en t th er e O n e da y w h i.l e G od w a s s itting on h is th r o n e he
, ,

fel t it m oved by so m e o n e O n loo king up h e s a w th a t the . ,

ng tow a r d s him beca u se th e s k y w a s a b o u t to

so ul s w er e pu s h i ,

fa ll At once h e s u m m oned five a ng el s a n d sa id to th em

.
, ,
“
G o a t on ce to th e ea r th a n d h o ld up th e s k y w i th yo u r h e a ds
,
”
un til I ca n h a ve it r epa ir ed Th en God ca ll ed to g e th e r a ll .

hi s ca rp en ter s a n d s a i
d to them ,
Repa ir the h ea ven s a s s oon ,
”
a s p o ss ibl e .

Th e w o r k w as d o n e ; b u t i t h a p pen ed th a t th e ta ll es t a n g el
w a s s ta nd i n th e cen tr e o f th e g r o up ; a n d so ev er s i
ng i n ce th e , ,

s k y h a s been cu r ved .

’
( )
b WH Y TH E S KY I S HI GH .

In olden d a ys th e sk y w as low so low th a t i t co uld b e ,

—

r ea ch ed b y a s ti n a r y l en g th Th e peo pl e in th ose
ck o f o r d i .

d a ys s a id th a t Go d h a d cr ea ted th e s k y in s u ch a w a y th a t h e
could h ea r h i s p eopl e w h en th ey ca ll ed to h i m I n tu r n G od .
,

Na a t d by Au l ia M a l va
1
rr e Tag a l g f m Sa to Tom as B a ta g a s
re H f th r
r. a o ro n . n . er a e

tol dh er th e s tor y .

d
N a rra te by Deog ra cia s L u tero of Ja n iua y . l l oi
lo . He sa ys th a t th e s tor y is often

h ea r d i hi b
n s a rri
o.
 Fi
lip i
no P op u la r Ta les .
4 7
2

co uld send h is bl essing s to ea r th as soon as m en n eed ed th em .

B eca u s e of th is cl ose co nn ecti on betw een God a n d h i s s ubj ects ,

th e p eopl e w er e w ell p rov i ded for a n d th ey d id n ot n eed to

-
,

w or k Wh enever th ey w a n ted to ea t they w o uld s im ply ca ll

.
,

Go d .B efor e th ei r r equ es t w a s m a d e a l m os t th e food w o uld , ,

b e on th e ta bl e ; b u t a fter th e ex p ul si o n o f Ad a m a n d Eve ,

G od m a d e m en w or k for th ei r ow n l iving With th is ch a ng e .

in th ei r cond i tion ca m e th e cu s to m o f h o ld i ng feas ts w h en th e ,

m en w o uld r es t fr om th ei r l a bors .

O n e d a y on e o f th e ch i efs Abi ng by n a m e h eld a feas t , , .

Ma n y peo pl e ca m e to enj oy it A sa ya o o r na tive w a r d a n ce .

,
-
,

w as g i ven i n h on or o f th e m en bel on g i ng to th e ch ief a n d it ,

w a s a cted b y m en b r a nd i shi n g s pea rs Wh il e a cting on e of th e . ,

a ctors w h o w a s d r unk tr i
, ed to s h o w h is s kill b u t h e forg ot th a t
, ,

th e s k y w as so low Wh en h e d a r ted h is s pea r h e h a ppened to

.
,

p ier ce the sk y a n d on e of th e g od s w as w ounded Th is a n g ered

, .

G od th e F a ther : so h e r a i sed th e s k y as w e h a ve i t to d a y fa r -
,

fr om th e ea r th .

N O TES .

I ha ve co me a cross n o va ria n ts of the Ta ga log stor y of why the sk y

cu rved .

Ou r Seco n d s tor y however

, , W h y the Sk y is H ig h is , thou t
wi
dou b t a Ma l a ya n tr a d i
tion , a s a n a log u es fro m th e B a gob os and th e
b es o f B orn eo a ttes t
P a g a n tr i . M iss (J A
B en edi
ctF L 26 —
: 16 17 )
fu rn ishes tw o B a gob o m yths on W hy the Sk y W en t U p

(a ) I n the b egin n in g the sk y la y low over the ea r th so low th a t w h en

the Mo n a w a n ted to po u n d th ei ce th ey ha d to k n eel dow n o n th e g r o u n d

r ri ,

to g et a p a l y f th or e arm . Th en the poo r w o m a n ca ll ed Tu g li

b u n g sa i
d to the
s k y,
‘
Go u p h gh
i er ! Do n
’
t yo u see t a t h I ca n n o t po u n d m y ri
ce we ? ll ’

So the s k y b eg a n to m ove u p w a rd s en i t ha d g o n e u p a b ou t five . Wh

h
fa t o m s the w o m a n sa i
, d a ga in,
‘
Go u p s ti m ore !
’
T is m a de th e s u n ll h
a ngr y
a t th e w o m a n , a n d h e r u s ed u p ver i
g
”
h yh h .

( b )
“
I n th e b e i
g ni
n n g th e s k y u n g so low over th e ea r t h
t a t the peo p e h h l
l
co u d n o t s ta n d u p r i g t, co u d n o t dho t eir w o r k F o l
r t is rea so n th e m a n h . h
in th e s k y sa i
‘
d to th e s k y, Co m e u p ! ’
T en th e sk y w en t u p to its p resen t h
p la ce.
”

W ith Miss B en ed i
ct s fir s t ver si
’
on , co m pa re Hose a nd McDou ga ll
( 2 : 1 4 )
2

A cco r d i Lo n g Xi
n g to a n o ld m a n of the
p u ta o f B o rn eo , th e s ta rs a r e o es h l
in th e s k y m a de b y th e r oo ts o f trees i n th e w or d a b ove th e s k y p roj ecti ng l
h
t r ou g h
th e floor of t a t w o r d h
At o n e ti m e, h e ex p a i l
n ed , th e s k y w as
. l
l h
c ose to th e ea r t , b u t o n e da y U sa i , a gi a n t, w en w or ki n g sa g o wi t a h h
wooden m a et, a cci ll
den ta l s tr u ck hi s m a et a g a ily n s t th e s k y; si n ce w i ch ll h
tim e the s k y h as b een fa r u p ou t of the rea ch o f m a n .
4 2 8 Mem oir s of the Am erica n Fol k Lor e Soci
-
ety .

fferen t ex p la n a ti
A di on w h y th e sk y wen t u p i
of s cu rren t i n B ritish

North Bo rn eo . s em bodi
It i ed i n th e s tor of
“
Th e Ho r n e d O w l a n d y
th e Moon ”
( E va n s JR A I , 43

( hor n ed
“
The m oo n i
s m a l e a n d th e P w a k ow l ) i
s fe m a le .

Lo n g a go, w h en low d ow n , on l a m a n s h ei
the s k y w as ver y g h t fr om y ’

the g r o u n d . the m oo n a n d th e P wa k fe in ove a n d m a r r i ed ll

A t th a t l .

ti h
m e t er e w a s a m a n w ose wi h
fe w a s w it chi ld h
Th e w o m a n ca m e do w n .

h h
fr o m the ou se , a n d a s th e ea t of the s u n s tru ck her o n th e s to m a c , sh e h
b eca m e i ll , for th e s k y w a s ver low y
T en the m a n w a s ver a n g r b e
. h y y
ca u se h i s wi fe w a s i ll , a n d h e m a de se ven b ow - p i p e a rr o w s E a r l y t h l
e .

n ex t m orn i n g h e took h i s b ow - p i p e w it h l
im a n d w e n t t o th e p h
la c e w e r e h
the s u n ri ses , a n d w a i ted Now a t t a t tim e t ere were seve n s u n s
. h W en h . h
hy
t e r ose , h e s ot s i h h
x o f t e m a n d eft o n e rem a i ni l
n g ; t en h e w e n t o m e At h h .

h
t e t im e h a h
t e m n s o t th e s u ns th e P w a k w a s si tti n g o n th e o u se - to
p in h
the s k y com b i n g h er ai r h . ll
Th e co m b fe fr om the s k y to th e g r o u n d a n d th e ,

P w a k fl ew do w n to get i t ; b u t w en s he fo u n d i h
t, s he co u d n o o n g er fl b a ck l l y
hl
to the s k y ; fo r , w ie s he h a d b een oo k i l
n g for th e co m b , th e s k y h a d ri sen

to i l
ts p r ese n t p a ce ; si h
n ce, w en th e m a n h a d s o t th e si x s u n s , th e re m a i nihng

sun ,b ein g fr i g te n h
ed , r a n a w a u p in to t h e a ir a nyd too k th e s k y w it it h .

h
An d so o n th e p resen t d a y, w e n ever th e m oo n com es o u t, th e P w a k cri es

to i t ; b u t the m oo n sa s to i t,
‘
ya t ca n Wh I
do , for yo u a re d ow n th er e b elow,
hl I
w ie am up ere i h
n th e

CAR A B Ao s 3 0 °F 1 8 s pu r
’ 1
82 A N. UN EQ UAL MATCH ; o n WHY THE ,
.

O n ce a ca r a ba o an d a tu r tl e m et o n a r oa d . Th ey w a lked
i
n th e w ood s ,fin e ta lk tog eth er
and ha d Th e tu r tl e w a s a
a .

so r t o f hu m o r i
s t, a n d w a s co n s ta n tl y g i
ving ex h ib ition s of his

d ex ter ity in g ettin g food b y tricker y B u t h e w a s es pecia lly .

anx i
o u s to w i
n th e fr ien d s h ip of th e ca r a ba o ; fo r h e th oug h t
th a t i f th ey w er e fr i
, en dl y th i s bi g f ell o w w o u ld h,
e lp h i m w h en
“
ev er h e g o t i n to tr o ubl e So h e sa id to th e ca r a b a o . L et u s ,

l iv e tog eth er a n d h u n t o u r food tog eth er ! thu s w e s h a ll br ea k

”
th e m on o to n y o f o u r so l i ta r y l ives .

B u t th e ca r a ba o s n o r ted w h en h e h ea r d th i s pr o p o s a l ; a n d
“
h e r epl i ed Yo u s l ow th i
,
n g ! yo u o u g h t to l i ve w i th th e d r o nes ,

”
n ot w i th a s w i ft a n d p ow er ful per so n l ike m e .

Th e tu r tl e w a s v er y m u ch o ffen d ed a n d to g et e v en h e ch a l ,

l en g ed th e ca r a ba o to a r a ce At fir st th e ca r a b a o r e fu sed to .

a ccep t th e ch a ll en g e fo r h e th o u g h t i t w ou ld b e a d i
,
s g r a ce for

hi m to r u n a g a i n s t a tu r tl e Th e tu r tl e sa i d to th e ca r a ba o.
.

If you w ill n o t r a ce w ith m e I w ill g o to a ll th e for e s ts w oods , , ,

a n d m o u n ta i n s a n d tell a ll yo u r co m p a n i
,
on s a n d a l l m y fr i e nds
”
and a ll th e a n im a l k i
n g d o m th a t y o u a r e a c o w a r d .

1 N a rra te d by G d o o fred o Ri
ver a . a Ta g a lo g fr o m P a g sa n j a n , L a L a g u n a ,
 Mem oirs of the A m er i
ca n Folk L or e S o cie ty
-
.

n a ti
ve , I b eli
eve ; a t a n y ra te , the y n eed n ot ha ve b ee n d e r i
v ed from
Eu rope .

A B orn eo ver sion (Evan s 475 , g i

v —
en i
n D
47 )
6 a h
n ot
n h a r d t m a y be
on ed here i
m en ti n con cl u s i
on In i t th e pla n d ok
.
( m o u s e -
d eer) ,

w hich h a s d ecei ved a n d bro u g h t a b ou t the dea th s o f a ll th e la rger

a i
n m a l s , a g r ees to r u n a ra ce w i th the am on g ( h er m i t cra b )
-
The .

cra b s ta ti on s thr ee co m pa n i o n s a t cor n ers o f the s q u a r e r a ce-cou rse,

a nd wi
ns . T e m ouse deer
h -
ru n s ts el f to dea th
i .
 Appendix .
431

AP P EN DI X .

[Add i
tio n a l n o tes , c h iefly in th e n a tu r e o f Am er i ca n I n d ia n Negro , ,

n h a l ese ( C eylo n ) va r i
a n d Si a n ts ] .

SU P P L E ME NTA R Y B I B L I O G RA P HY .

B O L TE (J o HA NN ES ) U ND
'

P O L IV KA ( G EO R G ) A n m er k u n gen zu den
.

Kin der u nd Ha u s m ar chen der B r iider G rimm Vol 3 ( Nos . . .

121 Lei
p g
z i , 1 9 1 8 .

J ou r n a l o f A i
m e ca
r n ( C i
Fo k Lo re
-
ted A
J L) F l . .

B oa s F , No t es
. o n M ex ica n F o l k -
Lo r e (JAF L 2 5 : 2 04 191 2 .

B old u c Trem b l a y and B ar b ea u ( C . Con tes

p p
o u l a i
r es c a n a d i
e n s ( tr o is ie m e S ér i
e ) ( JAFL 32 90

1 91 9 .

Bu nd y , R C . . F o k Ta l -
les from Li
b er i
a (JAFL 32 : 4o6 191 9 .

Es p in o sa A M , . C om pa ra ti
. ve No tes o n New Mex i ca n a n d Mex i

sh
ca n Spa n i Fol k -Ta l es (JAF L 2 7 2 1 1 1 91 4 .

New Mex -
ca n Spa n i
i s h F ol k Lo re (J AF L 2 7 : l os -
1 91 4 .

New Mex -
i
ca n Sp a n ish Fo l k Lo re : Fol k Ta les (JAF L 2 4 - -

444 )
—
397 1 91 1

Fo l les from Ala b a m a (JAF L 32 : 397

k Ta
-
1 9 1 9.

Fo l k
Ta les fro m Geo rg i
-
a (JAF L 32 : 4o2 1 91 9 .

Maso n J A Fol k Ta les of the Tepeca n os

, . .
-
(JAF L 27 1 48

1 91 4 .

Mech l in g W H Stories a n d Son gs from the

, . . Sou thern Atla n tic
Coa s ta l R eg i
on o f Mex i
co (JAF L 2 9 : 54 7 1 91 6.

Sto ri es fro m Tu x tepec, O ax a ca (J AFL 2 5 1 99 1 91 2 .

P a rso n s , E C P u eb lo I n d i
-
a n F olk Ta l es
.
-
p r.ob a b ly , of sh
Sp a n i
P roven ien ce (JAF L 31 : 2 1 6 1 91 8 .

Ta les fro m G u il ford Cou n ty, Nor th Ca r olina (JAF L 30 1 68

191 7 .

R eci
n os , Ad rian . C u en tos pop u la res de G u a tem a la (J AF L 31
47 2 1 91 8 .

Sk i
n n er , Al a n so n . Eu ropea n Ta les from the P la i
ns O j ibwa
(JAF L 29 : ) 1 91 6
33o —
34o . .

P la i
ns Oji
b w a Ta les (JAF L 32 2 80 1 9 1 9.

Speck F , . G Ma lecite Ta les (JAF L 3o

.
4 79 1 91 7 .

Stew a r t, Sa d i
e E . Seven Fo l k Ta l es from th e Sea
-
I s la n d s , Sou th
C a ro l i
n a (JAF L 32 394 1 9 1 9.

Teit J a m es
, Eu ropea n Ta les . fro m the Up per Thom pson I n dia n s
(JAF L 29 : 301 1 91 6 .
LAIDL AW , G EO R GE E O j ibw a . Myths a nd Ta les ( rep r in ted fro m the
Arche o logica l R eport,
P AR KE R , H . V ll
i a ge Fo k Ta l -
l es of Ceylon . Lon d o n : V ol . 1 , 1 9 10

V ol . 2 , 1 91 4 ; Vol 3, . 1 91 4 .

P AR SO N S , EL SI E
CLEW S Fol k Ta les o f An dr os I s l a n d , B a ha m as
.
-

( M e m o irs o f t h e A m e r i
ca n F o l k -L o r e So cie ty , V o l New .

Yor k , 1 9 1 8 ( Cited MAFLS . See a l s o u n d e r Jou r nal

of A m eri ca n Fol k Lor e -
.

R ADl N E SP I NO SA
-
E l Fol k l ore de O a x a ca , r ecog ido p o r P a u l R a din y
.

p u b l i
ca d o p o r A u r el io M E s p i
n o sa (A n a l es d e la Es cuela .

I n tem a ci on a l de A r q u eo l og ia y Etn olog i a Am e r i ca n a s ) New

Yor k , 1 9 1 7 .

SAU N I ERE , S DE C u en tos pop u l a r es a ra u ca n os y ch i

. . l en o s ( R evista

de fol k lo r e ch i len o , V ol Sa n ti a g o de C h i le , 1 9 1 8. .

THO MP SO N , STITH E u ropea n Ta les a m on g th e N o r t h A m eri

. ca n

I n dia n s (Color a do Colleg e P u b l ica tion ) C o lo r a d o Sp rin gs, .

1 91 9 .

SU P P L E ME NTA R Y NO TES .

Dr B oa s g i
. ves th e l
bib iog r a ph y of Dr . Kn w
o -
All i
n Am er i
ca i
n

JAFL 2 5 1 51 .

A Sin ha les e va r i
a nt m ay b e fo u n d i
n P a r k er , 1 1 79 —
1 85 ( N o .

Page 11 ( Dr B oa s i
fo o tn ote)n fo r m s m e th a t pet
. s a M ex i
a te i ca n
.

s h w o rd b o rr ow ed fr o m th e Na h u a tl
Spa n i .

F u ll b i
b liog r a p hy o f G r imm No 1 2 2 Don k ey C a b b a g es is , .

g i
v e n i
n B o te P o i
v k a , : l
3 3 9 -
l —
.

I n JAF L 2 8 56 i s a P en o b s co t s to r y ni
co n ta i ng th e l os s of t h ree
c o b ects , tr a n s po r ta ti
m agi j o n to a di s ta n t p l a ce , esca p e o f p r in cess

b y m ea s o f tra s po r ta ti n ca p , d i
n n o -
s cov er y b y h er o o f m a g i c a p p le
s ,

p u n i
s h m en t o f p r i
n cess a n d th e r e c o v e ry o f t h e m a,g i
c o b j ects (see

Thom p so n ,

3 .

P a ge 25 A
( ) . For a l is t of H in doo s tor i
es n whi
i ch th e her o i
s

on ly a s pa n hig h , s ee P a r k er , 2 2 56 .

P a ge 25 26—
( B l
In a l
B iox ita le n ot b elon gin g i
n h
o t er r es p ect
s

hero s u n cl e p u ts the her o to som e ha r d

to o u r g r o u p , th e
’
tes ts , hop in g
to m a k e a w a y wi m (s ee Tho m p s o n
th h i ,

1
Thi
s a n d th e seri
al n u m b ers foll owi
ng refer to corres pon di
n g n u m b er s of ta les .
434 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Folk Lore Society
- .

P a ge 51 , i ne 41 For bi l
b iogra p h of Gr im m , No 1 8 3 , s ee B olte
. l y .

l
P o k a . 3 : 333 335 -

P a r k er (2 : 2 4 7 2 68 , No 1 37 ) g i
— n ha ese s to r y , w i
ves a Si th th ree . l
va r i
a n ts , w h ich is defin itely con n ected with ou r ta l es a n d con fir ms ,

m y b el i Fa lse P roofs cycl e i

“ ”
ef tha t th e s n a ti
ve to s o u th er n I n di
a -
.

I n P a r k er s m a in s tor y th e fa lse p roo fs a re five

’
—
a s s ( vo i ce) two ,

wi
n n o i
w g tr a
n - ys ( ) ea r s , tw o b u n d es of cr eepers l ( cl e s
tes ti a to m tom -

(eye ) , a nd tw o el ep ha n t tu s k s
6 t h e fa ls e p roofs ( teeth ) . In va r i
ant

a re d r u m ( r oa r ) d eer -
h i
d e r o p (
e h a i
r ) p
, a i
r o f e
,l ep h a n t t u s k s ( te eth) .

n ha lese s tor y of h ow a m a n a n d h i
“
F or a n oth er Si s wi fe b l u fl ed
'

a ter r i
b e l Ya k a h i
din g u n der th e b ed to k i h i
m ll , see P a rk er , 1 1 48 -
1 49

( No .

7 .

P a ge 62 . An a logo u s to the ta s k from J ata k a N o 54 6 is one ci

ted , . ,

of th e p r ob lem s i
n th e Li a n s tor y
b er i
“
I m possible vs I m p os s ib le ”
.

(J AF L 3 2 P rob lem : Ma k e a m a t from r i ce g r a i

ns So l u tion -
.

ce m a t dem a n ded
O ld r i -
as p a ttern . For m a k i
ng ro pe ou t of h u ks, s

a n d a n a og o u s l ta s k s , see B o te l -
P ol i
vk a , 2 5 3
1 .

P a g e 62 I n P a r k er , No 7 9. a k i ng . re u i q
res a m a n to p u t a
h u n dred g ou r d -fru its i n a h u n d red s m a ll m ou thed
-
ves s els . Hi
s

l
c ever da u g h ter g r ows them there P a r k er cites a s tor y fro m Swyn .

n er to n s I n d ia n Ni h E h ih l ’
i
’

g t s n te r ta i
n m en t, n w c a c eve r g i
r l s en ds

m el o n s i
n j a rs to a p r i n ce a n d r eq u ir es h i m to r em ove th e m e l on s w i th
ou t i
n j u rin g th em or th e ja rs . s p r o b l em i
Th i den ti
s i ca l w ith o n e on

ou r p 5 8 .
( 16

ll a n o ther Si ha lese s tory a fool ish k in g req u ires a P a n d ita ya

I n s ti n ,

u n d er p en a l ty o f d ea th to tea ch th e r oya l w h i te hors e to s p ea k The

, .

wi s e m a n s d a u g h ter s a ves h er fa th er s l i
fe b y tell i
n g him W h a t to r ep ly
’ ’

to th e k i
ng ( P a r k er , 1 : 1 99 2 00 , —
No .
— I n P ar k er , 3 : 112 -
1 13

(N o. a co u n try -
g i
r mleets a p rin ce , to whose u es ti on sq she g i
v es

en i
g m a tica l r ep l ies . He i
s y l
c ever en ou g h to i
n ter p r et t em cor r ectl h .

P a g e 63 I P a r k er 2 : 7 9 ( No a ki n g r eq u i
n res m i lk ,
—
.

fr o m ox en Th e cl ever vi lla g e g ir l s a n sw er is of a k in d with M a r cela s ’ ’

.

(o u r co ll ectio n p s h e se ts o u t fo r th
, e w as h er.m a n s w i
th a b u n d le
’

o f cl o th s i s m et b y th e k i,n g a n d tells h i m h er fa ther h a s co m e of a ge ,

i
n th e sa m e m a n n er a s w o m en h e h a s m en s tru a ted ) .

8 .

For s tea li
n g eggs f r om u n d er bir d , B o te P o i
s ee l
vk a , 3 7
5 5
-
8 l —
.

l
B o te-P ollvk a
’
s n o tes o n G ri
mm , No 1 92 , i
.n c u de a d i
scu ss i
on l of

b ot h th e
“
M a s ter Th i
ef
”
c ceyl (3 : 379 395)
— and the
R ham psi nitu s
n ha lese va r i
“ ”
Tr ea s u r e -
H o u se sa g a (3 : 395 Two Si a n ts o f
 Appendix .
435

the l a tter cycle la ck in g , n B ol te- P o li

i vk a
’
s bl iogra p hy ,
bi ar e P ar k er
’
s

No . 1 89 a n d va r i
ant (3 4 1 Her e th e th ieves f h
a re a t er a n d so n ;
fa ther hea d to p reven t i fica ti The es en d
’
son cu ts o ff s den ti on . s tor i

th the
wi ex p os u r e o f th e bod y a n d th e es ca pe o f the so n , w ho fa lls
fr om a tree when hi
s m o ther bu rs ts i
n to la m en ts at the si
g ht of her
hu sb a n d s cor pse ’
.

Am erica n I n dia n ver sion s o f the Mas ter Th ief a re a na lyzed

Fou r
by Thom pson (42 7 Ma l iseet Da k ota Tho m pson R iver , , ,

Wya n dot .

A O ax a ca vers ion o f the Mas ter Th ief is g iven in R a d in Es p in osa -

,

—
225 22 7 ( No . t p reser ves a n u m b er of fea tu r es of th e R h a m p
i
ni
si tu s s tor y . k ewi
Li se a New Mex i
-
ca n Spa n i s h ta l e (J AF L 2 4 :
4 3
2 n wh i
i ch , f
a ter p r e l i
minar y sk i ll -
tes ts , the tw o th i
eves ro b

the k i
ng . Th e Mex i
ca n t i
e h f i
s ca u g ht ; the s h th i
Sp a n i ef cu ts o ff hi
s

hea d The cor p s e b y order of the k in g is ca r ried thro u g h tow n a n d

.
, , ,

the hou se o f th e m ou r n er i th b lood

s m a r k ed w i Th e Spa n i s h th ief .

n g a ll th e ho u s es wi
es ca pes b y m a r k i th b lood ( F or th e b i
b l i
o g p
r a h y .

of m a rki
ng a ll the ho e
u s -do
or s wi
th cha l k to p reven t scover y ,
di see

l
B o te- P o i
vk a , 3 l 1 4 5, n o te .
)
9 .

P a ge 7 8 Not cou n tin g self

. . Th i
s i den t
n ci occu r s i
n Sin ha lese
a

s to r y ( P a r k er , 1 : 2 58 , No .
(See ibi
d .
, 2 59, for th ree va r i
a n ts

fro mI n d ia a n d on e from Chin a ) . Com pa r a ti b li

ve b i og ra phy of thi
s

fi
m oti s gi ven i n B ol te P ol i
vk a 3 -
, 1 49 ( n ote

P a ge 78 Killin g fl y on fa ce. Sin h a lese ( P a r k er , 1 : . 1 —

3 9 3 ,
2 1

No . Th e s tu p i
d h e r o s r i
t k s w
e i
t h a r i - e tl e a
ce p s t a fly o n hi s

m other s hea d a n d k i
’
lls her Wya n dot (Thom pso n
, The . ,

n u m s k u ll her o h its the hea d of a s l eep in g ch ild to k ill m osqu ito , a n d

ki lls ch ild O j ib wa ( La idla w ,
. Fl ies o n ba by s hea d
“
lled
ki
’

wi th r u b b er b oot .

P a g e 87 . b li
Add to th e b i o g r a p h y o f th e Ma gic R in g cycle th ree
Am erica n for m s o f the s to ry F r en h -
a n , Mi
c Ca n a d i cm a c, and
,

Ma l iseet (a n a ly b y Thom p so n , 398

zed

An i tin g Si n ha l es e vers i on i s P a r k er s No (3
’
n ter e
s . 2 08 127

H er e a l a zy p rin ce b u y s a co b r a p a rr o t a n d ca t , , . F ro m the s na k e

n g he
ki r ecei
ves a r i
ng b y m ea n s of whi
ch h e ca n cr ea te a n ythin g he
w a n ts . He cr ea tes a p ala ce a n d a p r i
n cess . Th e p rin cess a n d ri
ng

a r e s to en l by a n o ld wo m a n a cti
n g as a g en t fo r a n g w ho
ki ca m e to

k n ow of fu l
b ea u ti
th e (h a ir fl oa tin g do
p w
r i
n
n c
setr
ss ea m ) T h ro u g h -
.

th e a i d of h i s fa i th fu l a n i
m a l s , es p eci a lly th e ca t, w h i ch coer ces th e

ki n g o f th e r a ts , th e hero r eco vers h i s wi fe a n d m a g ic ob j ect (See .

a l so P a r k er s ex ten s ive n o tes [ 1 31 1 35] for other O r i en ta l vers i

on s )
’
— .
436 M em oi
rs o f the Am eri ol
ca n F k Lore
-
Soci
ety .

P a ge See B ol te P ol i
vk a , 3 : 483 486 , for n o tes o n G r i
’
1 1 4. mm s
- -

B ol te a n d P oli
“ ”
fra g m en t Th e Lou se vk a ( 3 84 8 5 ) g i
— . v e brief

m m , No 1 34 , m os tly i
n otes o n G ri n th e n a tu r e o f a dd en da
. to their

notes on G r im m No 7 1 with wh ich th is story is cl osel y r e l a ted

, .
, .

Three A m er i ca n I n d i
a n va r i m m No 7 1 a r e a n a lyzed
a n ts o f G r i , . by
Tho m p so n (346 34 7 ) -

F or a Neg r o vers ion fro m th e B a ha m a s see MAF LS 1 3 N o 2 0 , , . .

P a ge 1 2 5, l in e 2 1 . Fo r ego a n d J u a n
Di rea d Di
eg o a nd P ed ro .

P a ge 1 2 8 , n o te 3 . Dr Fa r n ha m p res
. en ts a fu ller and m o re recen t
s tu d y of the cycle of the Con ten din g Lovers in P u bl ica tio n s of the ”

Moder n La n g u a g e Ass ocia tion 2 8 ( 1 92 0) 2 47 32 3 ,

-
.

P a ge 1 2 8 F u ll b i
. b liog r a p h ica l tr ea tm en t o f ou r Ty p e I th e C rea ,

o n o f W om a n n B o l te P oli
”
ti m a y b e fou n d i
, vk a 3 53 57
-
, .
—
.

P a g e 1 33 Bi b li og ra p h y o f G r i
. mm No 1 2 4 w i ll b e fo u n d in , . ,

B o l te P ol i
-
vk a 3 : 1 0 1 2 ; o f G ri
, m m No 1 2 9 i—
bi d 45 58 B o l te a nd , .
, .
,
—
.

P ol i vk a a r e o f th e O p i ni o n th a t G r i mm Nos 7 1 1 2 4 a n d 1 2 9 are , .
, , ,

a ll r el a ted (3

A New Mex ica n Spa n ish va ia n t of G rim m No 1 2 9 (JAF L 24

-
r , .

4 1 1 tell s o f t h r ee b r o th er s s en t o u t to l ea r n tr a d es O n e b ecom es .

a ca pe n te ; a n o ther a S i
r r lvers m ith ; a d the th ird a th ief Th ey are
, n , .

tes ted b y the k i n g who i s s a tis fied th a t they ha ve l ea r n ed th ei

, r tr a des

w ell . A Neg r o vers ion f om the B a ha m a s ( MAF LS 1 3 : 43 44 r —

,

No 2 3) tells of fo u r b ro thers w h o w en t ou t a n d b eca m e s k ill ed ( ta ilor

.
,

r ob b e th i
r, ef a r ch er ) , Sk i ll tes t with egg (s tea l in g from n es t s hoo tin g
.
-
,

it i to fou r p a r ts s ti
n tch i n g egg to g eth er
, r ep l a cin g u n d er b i rd) , .

R es cu e o f p r i cess s tol en b y d ra g o n (s ti
n tch i n g p l a n k s o f s ha ttered shi p
to g ether ) .

Very l
c os e to the B a a m a s ta h le , ex cep t n th e dén ou em en t, i
i s a

n ha
Si lese s tor y ( P a r k er , 2 : f
33 i No . Fou r p r i
n ces se t o u t to

l ea rn s ci
en ces : th e firs t lea r ns soot h; th e s eco n d , ht eft ; th e t h ird ,

h y;
a rc er h ca rpen tr y They a r e tes ted
th e fo u r t , fa ther the . b y thei
r

ki n g (s tea l in g eg g fro m crow cu tti ng i t wi th a rrow r epa i ri ng i t a nd

, , ,

r es to r ing i t to n es t) They then s ea r ch for a n d b r i

. n g b a ck th e q u een ,

W h o h a d b een s to l en b y a R ak s h asa They then q u a rr el a s to who .

s h o u l d h a ve th e s over ei ( i ) b l ’

g y
n t I n v a ri a n t a ib d 36 39 a n o em
. a n s .
,
—

five s o n s l ea r n sci en ces (s oo th s a yer m a r k s m a n th ief r u n n er p yh , , , ,

si ci a ) a n d j oi
n n tly r es tore a d ea d p r in ces s to l i fe I n va r i
a n t b ( 39 42 )
- .

s even p r i n ces b eco m e s k i lled I n va r ia n t c fou r B r a h m a n s lea rn .

s ci en ces to w i n th e han d o f a p r i n cess a n d a fter wa rd s res tore h er to ,

l ife As they ca n n ot settle their qu a rrel they a ll g ive h er u p (For

.
, .

other vers i o n s s ee P a r k er 2 , 43 45 57 591 —

1 (No ,
—
, .

P a ge 1 36 , l in e 31 . F or Ta g i
é r ea d
“
a gi
J é.
”
438 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n Folk Lor e S ociety -
.

1 8.

O u r s tor y i
s cl osely rel a ted to G r i
m m , No 82 a (s ee B o l te - P o li
vka, .

2 1 90 1 96 , for tex t) , a s tor y der i

— ved fr om Mu sa u s G r im m , N o 1 97 . .

( B o te P o li
v k a
-
, 3 4 4
: 2 l i
s l
a s o r e a ted . l Tho m p s o n ( 4 1 0 ) ci
tes
a Mi cm a c vers i o n tha t a g r ees th
wi ou rs i
n i
ts m ai
n ou tl i
n es , —
a

vers i
on wh ich h e b e i
eves g oes b a ck to a F ren ch orig i
n all . A v e r y b ri ef

K u ten a i vers i
on i s given i n B oas , K u ten a i Ta es l ( B u l l e tin 59 ,

B u rea u of Am erica n Eth n olog y) , p 34 . .

19 .

See B ol te P oli No (
’
vk a -
s n otes o n Gr i
mm , . 1 08 2 2 34

P a ge 1 96 . Th e foll ow in g Am erica n I n d ia n va r i
a n ts of fs
m o ti
fo u n d i
n b y Thom pson (4 1 9
o u r s to r i
es a r e a n a ly zed

Fa ta l im ita tion ( C ) : Ma l i fe) O j i

b w a , Da k o ta Z u rii
‘
s eet (w i
1
, , .

Su bstitu te for ex ecu ti on ( H ) : Ma l i

s eet O j i
b wa Wya n do t , Th o m ps on , ,

ver Da k o ta , Tepeca n o , C r eek , Y u ch i

Ri , , Jica r illa Apa ch e , P o ch u lta ,
C ha l i
na , A ztec, Tu x tepec .

Ma rin e ca ttle (J ) : Micm a c Ma l iseet O j ib wa Thom p so n

, , , River .

Da k ota Tepeca n o , .

F ri
g h ten i
n g r obber s u n der tr ee ( F )
5
Micm
: a c M a l i
s ee t W ya n dot . , .

Oj ib w a ( fo r O j i
b w a s ee a l so L a idla w ,
Fo r a Neg r o ( B a ha m as ) va r i a n t of C s ee MAF LS 1 3, N o f
1
4 1 ; o , .

I n a O a x a ca s to r y
“ ”
F , i
5
bid , NO 46 . . Los Dos C om pa d res
.
( R a d i
n ,

Es p in osa , 1 98 -
1 99 . No . o n e com p a d r e fri
g h ten s a band of r ob b ers
tti
u n wi ng ly a nd ac ui
r esq tr eas u re ( sa le -o -a
f s hes i den t)
n ci . Then
fo llow s den t o f th e b o r row ed m ea s u r e retu r n ed w i
n ci
th e i t h co i
ns

ad her in g , w h er eu po n th e ri
c h co m p a d r e tr i
es to
“
se ll as hes , and i
s

ll
k i ed b y th e r ob b ers F or b ib i og r a p h o f th e m o ti f coin s s ti
. cking t o l y
borr owed m ea s u r e, See B o te P o i vk a , 1 5 ;
2 0 2 6 ; 3 1 43 n l -
l .

Th e in ciden t o f frig hten in g r obber s u n d er tr ee a p pea rs to b e ch a r a c

ter i c o f th e P ed r o d i U r d em a les g r o u p (s ee J
s ti AF L 2 7 1 1 9 1 34 ,
—

es p eci
a lly 1 2 5, F or th e sa ck -
by sea
-
ep i
s ode n th e
i sa m e s to r y ,

s ee i
bid .
, 1 34 .

To B ol te P oli vk a s b ib li og r a ph y o f G ri No h ou ld b e
’
-
m m , . 61 , s

a d d ed a Si h a les e ver s i
o ( Pna r k er 2 1 1 6 n ,
—
1 1 9 No , w hi
. ch con

ta in s th e r ej u ve a ti g cu d g el s a ck b y s ea n n -
,
- -
, a nd n e ca ttl e m o ti
m a ri fs
-
.

P a ge 2 06 . In a O ax a ca s to ry ( R a d i
n -
Es p i
n os a , 2 46 , No . 1 34 )
l
c os e ly r ela ted to o u r No . 21 , a ki
ng s en ten ces a g en t em a n l to d ea th for
ha vin g s a id , en e d i
E1 q u e ti n er o ha ce lo q u e qu iere .
”
Thi
s sen ti
m en t
 Appendix .
439

i
s a lm os t iden tica l with tha t fou n d in th e Si ci l ia n stor y by Pitr e I n .

b oth , too , the devi ce b y m ea n s o f w h i ch th e hero d i scover s th e h i

dden
p r i
n cess is a g o l d en ea g l e w h i
c h g i
v es fo rth b ea u t f
iu l m u s i
c .

I n a New -Mex i ca n Spa n i s h vers i o n (J AF L 2 7 1 35 1 37 ) th e hero -

g a in s a cce ss to t h e p r i
n c e ss b y m ea n s o f a b ro n ze ea g l e .

2 3.

P a ge 2 1 3. In s h s tor y (J AF L 2 7
Spa n i
a New -
Mex ica n 1 2 8) o n e

o f th e a d ven tu res of P ed ro d iU rdem a les i s to m a k e a p a ct w i th th e

Devi l in r etu rn for m u ch m on ey I n hell he Win s h is freedom by .

s ti
ck in g th e dem on s to th ei r ch a i
rs wi th va r n i
sh a n d then fr i g h te n i
n g
them wi th a cross Th i o n seem s n ea r ly r el a ted to o u r s tor y
s ver s i . .

In a Tepeca n o l
ta e of th e sa m e hero (ibid .
, 171 ) P ed ro frig hten s a nd

ls with
b ea ts d evi a holy p a lm -
lea f.

24.

Add to B en fey s O r i en ta l vers i n h a l ese s to r y by

’
P a ge 22 1 . o n s a Si

P a r k er (2 : 2 88 2 9 1 , No -
P a r k er a n a ly zes thr ee other H i
. n d oo

va r i a n ts w h i ch s ho u ld b e n oted .

P a ge 2 2 2 .P a r k er No 2 52 (3 , 339 . H ow M a r a y a w a s p t
u

n th e B o ttl e s a cl ose va r i s fin a lly

”
i i , a n t o f G ri m m , No 44 Dea th i . .

o u twi tted b y th e hero , w ho pers u a des h i m to creep i n to a b o ttl e to

dem on s tra te tha t h e h a d b een a b le to en ter a closed r oo m th rou g h a

k eyho le .Ther ea fter a ll th e her o h as to do to cu re a s i ck perso n i s to

p l a ce th e b o ttl e a t h is hea d ! T h is de ta l
i o f e n cl os i
n g a d e m o n i
n a

b ottle i s fo u n d i n Ca b a ll ero s s tor y

’
.

I n a n other Si n h a lese s to r y ( P a r k er , 3 1 85 1 86 , No 2 2 2 ) a wa ter -

.

s n a k e , p l ea s ed by a b egg a r s a cti on s , p rom i s es to m a k e h i m ri ch b y

’

cree p i n g u p th e tr u n k o f th e k i n g s tu s k el ep ha n t a n d m a k i n g th e
’

ani m al m ad Th e b eg g a r cu r es the el epha n t w hen he tells th e

.

sn a k e to lea ve , and b ecom es wea l thy .

27.

Thom pso n (4 1 3 4 1 4 ) —
ci
tes tw o Am erica n I n d ian s tori
es , P en ob scot
a nd Ma l is eet , whi
ch o pen th th e
wi o bta in in g of a g o l d d
- r o p p i
n g h o r s e

fr om a n old m an b eca u se loss of it a t a n in n a t the

of n d n ess th e
ki ,

h a n ds of a ra sca lly l a n dl ord a n d the r ecovery of the a n im a l thr ou g h

,

th e g en er ou s u s e o f a m a gi c cu d g el The rem a in der of the tw o .

th th e l as t p a r t o f th e Go lden Goose cycle

“ ”
s to ri s co n n ected wi
es i

( G r i
m m , No .

P a ge 2 37 . To th e Ea s t I n dia n va r ia n ts of th is s tory a dd P a r k er ,

N o 97 (2 1 0 1
. n w hi
i ch a n i n dig en t m a n w h o fr ig h ten s a Y a k a
o b ta i
n s fr om th e dem on a m a g i c sel f filli n g p l a te a r i n g whi
-
ch w hen ,
440 Mem oirs of ca n Fol k Lor e Soci
the A m eri e ty -
.

so ld will a lwa y ts own er , a n d a

s r etu rn to i g o ld dro p p in g
-
co w . These
a r e s to l en fro m hi
m on s u ccess i
ve da ys by a Hetti
y a , and w o r th les
imi tu ted
o n s s u b s ti
ta ti Th en th e Ya k a g i
ves th e hero a m a g i
. c cu d gel ,

with w h i ch h e reg a i n s hi cles

c a r ti
s m a gi (See P a r k er , i
bid , 1 0 4
—
1 05, . .

for other O r i en ta l vers ion s ) .

P a ge 2 47 . A n ha
Si lese s to r y , Th e Mou se Ma id e n ( P a r k er ,
1 308 f.
, No . tells of a p r i
n cess n th e
i form of a m o u s e w h o was
ed
m a rr i to a p r i
n ce . Her p er m a n en t sen cha n tm e n t i
di s b rou g ht
a b ou t b y the b u rn i
ng Si of
m ia r y in h er m o u se -
j a ck et . l l N o 2 23
.

( P a r k er , 3 1 8 7
—
1 88 ) th e o u n g es t of s ev en p r i
n ces is m a ryr i
e d to a

l
fem a e ha re , w h ich is per m a n en t d isen ch a n ted w hen h er h u s b a nd ly
bu rn s her ha re s k in -
. Th i
s s to r y a n d a n ot er h ted
ci b y P a r k er in ,

whi ch th e yo u n g es t of seven p r i
n ces m a rri
ed a fem a le m o n k ey w h o i
n

th e en d p r o v ed to be a fa ir y and took off h er m on k ey -

sk i
n C
( i h lli
Fo l k Ta l es o f H i
n d u s ta n , a p p ea r to b e r ela ted to th e I n dia n
Md rchen cited b y B en fey ( 1
For o ther ta l es of a n i m a l m a r ri
-
a g es w ith tr a n s form a tio n , see P a r k er ,

Nos 1 51 , 2 07 ( tu r tle) , No 1 63 (s n a k e) , No 1 64 ( l i
. za r d ) , N o
. 1 65 . .

f
( g) ;
r o w i
tho u t tr a n s fo r m a tion , No . 1 58 ( b ea r ) , No . 1 59 ( leo p a r d ) .

30 .

A n ha
Si l ese va r i
a n t o f the
“
Cha s t ty
i -
W a g er s tor y i
s P a r k er ,

No 1 49 ( 2 : 334 33 )
6 -
.

33

In a F ren ch Ca n a d i
an - ver s i
on (JA EL 32 1 61 w h ie l a j ea l ous
h u n chb a ck is a w a y fro m ho m e th ree o ther h u n chb a ck s ( u n rela ted to ,

th e h u s b a n d ) a pp ly to th e w i
fe fo r food W h ile they a re ea tin g she .
,

sees h er h u s b a n d r etu r n i
ng Sh e h ides h er th r ee g u es ts in a ches t
.
,

where they a re s m o ther ed n der of th e s to r y i

Th e r em a i s r eg u l a r
. .

P a ge 2 78 . Our s to r y a p pea rs to b e r ela ted to so m e o f th e va ria n ts

of Gr i
m m , No . 22 , t ho u g h ther e s li
i ttle r es em b l a n ce b etw ee n i
t a nd
th e Ger m a n s to r y ts e f
i l . Co m p a re how ever , a n O j i b w a ta l e (JAF L
,

29 n wh i
i ch a p r i
n cess i
s o ffer ed i
n m a rr i
a g e to w hoev er ca n

p p
r o os e a r i
dd e s h e ca n n o t s o vel l ( i
n o u r s to r y it is the hero w h o m u st
g i
v e th e a n s w er to th e p r i
n cess
’

)
s ri
dd e
O n h is w l
a y o co u r t, th e
t .

h er o r ece ves i m a gi
c ob ects j . He s u ccess fu lly o u tr i
dd les h i
s O p p o n en t,

b ut is pu t i n pri n s r el ea s e a n d th e p r i
He w i h a n d by
’
so n . n ces s s

m ea n s o f th e m a g i: ob j ects (S ee T h o m p so n 4 5
1 .
,
442 Mem oirs of the ca n Fol k Lor e Soci
Am eri ety -
.

Th e Three Ques ti
on s ( 1 : 1 50 Th e Fo u r D ifficu l t Qu es
”
ti
on s ( 1 53

40 .

P a ge Pi ton g
2 99 , I n a O ax a ca .y 204, s tor ( d n Es p in o s a ,
R a i -

No 1 04 ) occu r th e a ba n don ed children

. O p en i n g . co r n -
tr a-
il , fr u i
t
l , og r e s hou se, a dvice of ra t, ogre p u shed in o v e n A C hile
tra i
’
.

“ ” ”
vers i on o f Le P etit P ou cet i
s Pi iion ci
to (S a u n iere , T h e

followin g Am erica n I n dia n vers io n s a re n oticed b y Th o m p s o n (361

Thom pson River Shusw a p Oji
bw a , M a l is ee t , P onlra ,
Be lla coo la Mewa n , , n ta h U
Ui te .

For a Neg r o ( B a ha m a s ) vers i

on of Cin derell a , s e e M A ELS 1 3 ,

No . 1 7 ; for A m er i
ca n I n di a n vers io n s , Thom p son , 384 38 5
—
.

47

Com p a r e a Neg r o s to r y fro m th e B a ha m as ( M A FLS 1 3, No . 14 )

a lso a Si n ha l e
s e ta le , The R o ll of Cotton
“
( P a r k e r , 1 : 6 66
3 4 3 ,
-

No . i n w hi ch th e tw o w om en a r e s i
s ters .

Two H i n ha les e)
n doo (Si ver s i
o n s o f th e P u ss i
n B oo ts
- -
l
cyc e are

P a rk er , No 49 ( 1 : 2 7 8 2 83) a n d No 2 35 ( 3 : 2 43
.
—
Th ese are .

o f ex tr em e im p or ta n ce in tr y in g to es ta b l i
sh th e p rove n i en ce o f our

es : for i
s tor i n b oth th e h el p fu l a n i
m al is a m on k ey; b oth co n ta i n the

in ciden t o f th e b or r ow ed m eas u re , th e i n ci den t o f th e k ill i

n g of the

d em on b y th e m on k e (ob scu r e b u t u n m i y n No 4 9) a n d the

s ta k a b e i l .

l
c aim in g o f th e m o n s ter s p a a ce as hi
’
s m as ter s ; i
’
l
n b oth th e m on k ey

s m a s ter to a k i n g s d a u g h ter Th es e tw o s tor ies d i

’
es h i fl er
'

m a rri .

fro m ou r s n the
i co n c u s i l
on : th e m as ter p r o ves u n g r a te fu l , a nd the
thfu
fa i l m on k e y r u n s ofl i
n to th e fores t . Ag a in , too , i
n th e o p en i
ng .

h
t ese tw o Si
n h a l es e s tor i
es di
ffer from ou rs : th e m on k e ys ’

g r a tu de
ti
va ted ; th e a n i
s n o t m o ti
i ma i
s n ot l a th i ng ani
evi ma l hen ce ther e is no
,

ta r b a b y d evi
-
ce .

P a g e 336 Ta r B a by For th e d i
,
-
s tr i o n o f the
b u ti
. T ar - B a by
s tor y a m o n g th e A m er i
ca n I n d i
a n s , s ee B oa s (J AFL 2 5 up p le
s

m en ted b y Thom p so n (444 F or Negr o ver s i

o n s , s ee M AFLS
13 Nos . 10 11, 12 ; JAF L
, 2 22 ; Thom p so n 44 0 , . O ther
Am er ica n ver s ion s a r e Mex i co (JAF L 2 9 G u a tem a l a ( J AFL
31 : 47 2 n Es p i
O a x a ca ( R a d i n osa —
1 20 1 2 1 1 83
-
1 97 ; J AFL , , ,

2 5 : 2 00 , 2 0 1 , 2 35
 Append ix .
443

49 .

In a n ha
Si les e n oodle stor y the fool ish hero j oin s a ba n d of thieves
-

a n d tr i
es to s tea l a m i
lls ton e w a k en in g th e own er of the hou se a n d
,

as k i
ng m for
hi as s i
s ta n ce ( P a r k er , 2 : 7 0 -
75 No
, . In a n ot er h
ta le n th e
i sa m e co llection , No 57 ( 1 . : 3 7
1 a g g
a n o f rob b ers

s tea l a b ox Wh ile they a re s leep in g , on e of their

l -da n cer
devi
’
s .

n u m b er , a foo l , p u ts on th e cos tu m e They a wa k e, th i

n k he i s th e .

Devi l , a n d fl ee, the fool p u rs u in g a n d ca llin g , Sta y there ! s ta y

s s to r y is lik e ou r J u a n a n d th e Robbers
” “
ther e ! Th i (34 8
Co m pa r e a lso th e s tor y ci
ted b
y P a r k er on p .
3 1 8 .

50 .

ti
n ce w r i
Si n g th e n o tes to No 50 , .I ha ve fou n d a Sin ha les e version
Ha t pa ys la n d l o r d s to r y w h i a lly th e sa m e as
”
of th e - -
ch is essen ti

o u rs , on ly a three corn ered -

ha t, n ot a p a i
n ted o n e , i
s th e hoa x . The
ve o f th e
m o ti hero s ’
ck i
tr i s hi
s d es i
re for r even g e on th ree s ha rpers
who h a ve cozen ed hi
m ou t o f a b u l l whi ch they p reten d i s a g oa t

( P a r k er 3 ,
—
2 00 2 05, No . For th i s l as t s i
tu a ti
on , com pa r e o u r

No 1 5 a n d
. n ote
s .

53
n ha
I n the Si lese Stor y of the B itch ( P a r k er , 3 1 02 1 04 , No 2 0 1 ) —
.

a bitch gi ves b ir th to tw o p r i s , w ho m a r r y p ri
n cess e n ces La ter the .

eld er d a u g h ter d r i
ves h e dog m other a w a y w hen i
r -
t seek s to vi t h er ,
si

b u t th e yo u n g er tr ea ts i n d ly
t ki The elder da u g hter i s killed b y a .

cob r a bite b eca u se of h er a va r i

- cio u s n ess . Thi
s vers i
on i
s n ea r ly
rel a ted to Mi ss F r er e s o ld Decca n s tor y
’
.

54
I n the l a tter p a r t of a lon g Sin ha les e stor y ( P a r k er , No . 1 45 ) a ki
ng

con cei
ves a p a s s i
o n for the hero s ’
fe ,
wi a n d res or ts to th e sa m e r u se as

ck ed d a tu i
th e wi n o u r s to r y ,
— u n der g r ou n d tu n n e l , a nd letter to

p a r en ts n th e
i u n derw or ld . Th e hero esca pes by m ea n s of a cross
tu n n e l , r etu rn s th m a r ve
wi llou s ra i
rn en t ( p r ovided by hero in e) and

h the ki fa ther a n d m ot er a r e h ha ppy The

’
n ews t a t ng s . a va r i
ciou s

ki
ng m ake
s th e sa m e tr i
p , a n d i
s d es tr o ed y . P a r k er , No . 1 46 (2

3 3
1 n s a m os t th e
co n ta i l den ti
i ca l si
tu a ti
on .

55
P a g e 37 1 ( E) . P rob a bly th e ea r l i
es t l i
ter a r y vers i
on of the drown i
ng

tu rtle m oti f ( u n do u b ted ly the p ro to typ e of

bri th e
ch pu n i
er pa t
-
s hm en t)

is B u ddh i c : J ata k a , No
s ti 543 . l . Th i f occurs in a Sin ha ese
s m o ti

s tor y o therw i s e w holly u n rela ted to th e cy cl e of w h i

ch thi s h m en t
s pu n i

is u s u a l ly a pa r t ( P a r k er , No 1 50 , 2 : 339 340 ; see a lso 343

—
.
44 4 M em oi
rs o f the A m eri
ca n Folk Lor e Soci
e ty -
.

F or ti
a dd i on a l i
b b i l
o g ra p h of th e bri y
ch pu n i
er pa t
-
s h m en t, i
n m a ny

of th e Am er ica n I ndia n ver s ion s o f w h i

ch th e tu r tl e o r to r to i
se i
s

tu ted
s u b s ti for the ra b b i
t, see Thom p son 446 44 7 ; ,
—
J A EL 3 1 : 2 29

( n o te ) . Tho m pso n (440) a so l l is ts som e Am erica n Ne g r o va r i

a n ts .

P a g e 37 2 . W ith J ata k a
No 2 7 3 co m p a re a Neg r o s to r y fro m the
, .
,

B a ha m a s ( MAF LS 1 3 92 No 45 I I ) Sk in n er (J AF L 32, 2 95 2 97)

— .
, .

g iv es a n O j i
b w a s to r y i
n w h i
ch occu rs th e
“
d r ow n i
n g
”
o f th e tu r tl e

cles b y the tu r tle

n g o ff o f o tter s tes ti Th i
’
a n d th e b i ti -
s s e co n d de .

ta il a p pea rs rem in iscen t of the tu r tle s reven g e disc u ssed o n our ’

PP 37 2 37 3
-
°

P a g e 37 9 So m e m er i
ca n vers i
. A
on s o f th e hou s e-a n s werin g -owner

so de a e t
ep i r h e fo olli
w g
n : O ax a ca ( a di Es p i
R n -
n osa , 1 8 4 1 8 ; 1 94 ,
5
-

t a n d coyo te ; JA EL 2 5
ra b b i 2 08 , r a b b i
t a n d crocod ie ; l ) C h ile (J AFL
25 o u s m od i
2 4 8 , a cu r i fica ti
on of th e m oti) ; f Mex ico (J A F L 2 9
In a n o t er h Mex ica n s to r y we fin d th e sode o f th e ra b bi
ep i t cr ossi
ng

th e ri
ver o n th e cr ocod ie (J A F L 2l9 55
’
s 1 b a ck
n ha les e s to r y of le a n d the J a ck a l ( P a r k er ,
“
I n a Si The C rocod i
1 3 80—
38 1 N O , t h e cr o.c o d il e s h a m s d ea d J a ck a l sa y s ,
“
I n our .

cou n tr y dea d cr ocod i les w a g their ta ils ”

( T h is a pp e a r s to m e a .

va r ian t o f t h e ho us e -
a n sw er in g
-
ow n er m o t if ) L a te r follow s the .

in ci den t o f th e seiz u r e o f th e foo t o f th e j a ck a l , w ho p r eten d s cr ocodi le

ha s ho l d o f a roo t ( S e e a l so P a r
. k e r , N o 3 6 [ 1 2 3 5 f ] fo r d e ce p t i
ons . .

l
tu r t e p ra cti
s es on j a ck a l ) .

57

P a g e 38 1 A O ax a ca s to y ( R a d in Es p in osa 1 90 No 94 ) com b in es
. r -
, , .

a n a cco u n t o f a w a r b etw een th e a n i m a l s a n d th e w i n g ed crea tu res

( a n i
m a l s d efea ted ) w i
th a r a ce b e tw ee n th e l i
o n a n d th e c ick et r .

59

Am e i
r ca n ver s on s o f th e let m e ta k e you r pla ce m o ti
i -
f a re n u m erou s
- - -

O ax a ca ( R a d i
n -
E s p i
n os a , 1 2 1 , 1 53 , 1 8 3 , 1 8 5 1 9 7 ; JAF L 2 5 2 0 1 , ,

Mex i
co (J A F L 2 9 T e p e ca n o ( E L 2 7 N eg r o (JAFL JA
32 : 00
4 , 402 ; MAF LS 13 Nos . 12, 33,

Th e foll ow in g Am e ica n for m s of r th e a ccu m u a ti

ve s tor l y m ay be
n o ted : G u a tem a l a (JA EL 31 482 : Mex ico (JAFL 2 5 : 2 1 9
n Es p i
O a x a ca ( R a d i n o sa , 1 95 No
-
, . New Mex i -
s h (J
ca n Sp a n i AF L
27 Tepeca n o (JA EL 2 7 See al so Tho m pso n 4 53 4 54 —
, .

Th e s to r ies resem b l e o u r s on ly i n g en er a l m ethod , n o t a t a ll i l

n d eta i .

For d i on a n d a b s tr a cts o f s o m e So u th A m er i
s cu ss i ca n va r i a n ts tha t
 I NDEX .

Aa rn e An tti 1 5 1 6 85 86 87
, ,
-
, , , . An in ipot (firefl i es ) , 38 7 .

ca l con tes t ( Ex od u s
Aa r on s m a g i An t in don k ey s ea r , 52
’ ’
.

v u ) , 1 50. or ig i
n a lly m os t s t u p i
d a n d l a zy
Ab a n don ed h ild ren
c , 2 954 6
9 . o f crea tu res , 399 .

2 99 , 300, 2
44 . p o i
s o n o f, w ea k e n ed b y G o d ,

Abb o t k idn a p ped b y th ief , 7 1 .

398
Ab yss , d escen t in to 1 57 , . An ts b la m e w ild ch ick en , 39 1 .

Access to p r i
n cess b y m ea n s of fed b y hero , 32 0 .

ly co n tr iva n ce 2 00
cos t , . hel p fu l , 167 , 32 1 .

ccu m u l a ti An tig on e
A
”
ve s tor i
es 386 f , .
, 444 .
, 2 60.

l ia n w ord for firefly , 38 1

“
Acu la (Si ci ca Ap e an d .

2 06 . App les , th ree m a g i

c, 1 35.

Ada m an d Eve of the Ta g a logs , th row i

ng of, to n ten ded h u s
i
4 O 2 . b a n ds , 44 1 .

Ada r n a B i r d , Stor y of, 1 69 1 7 1 —

Ara b ia n Nig hts En terta in
Ala dd in , 85 86
—
. m en tS . 2 9. 86 . 87 . 1 33. 1 36 .
Alb rech t, Dietrich , 2 42 . 1 4 3 L. 1 49. 1 51 . 1 54 . 2 6 8 .

All ig a tor k illed in sea by hero , 1 8 .

3 9 33
0 . 6
see a lso Cr ocodi le . Ara ya t Mou n t, , 8
3 5 .

Alm a n zor , Du k e , Stor y of, 2 52 . ori

g i
n o f, 1 04 .

Alm on d , b ea u tifu l ca r pet d ra wn Arm y des tr oyed by B lower 97 , .

from , 2 47 2 4 8.
—
Arrow s , s hoo tin g , to fin d w i
ves ,
m a gn i
ficen t d res s from , 248. 2 46 . 2 4 7

Afisa lo (Afisfig a IO ) . 2 7 . 42 5. 42 6 . As You L i

k e I t, 26 .

An gel m a k es poison ou s fru it ed i Ashes b ecom e m on ey w hen ex

b le , 40 1 .
p os e d to l i
g h t,
2 75 .

A a l B rothers in la w cycle ,
n im - - ex cha n ged fo r s i lver , 1 84 .

1 76 . l
sa e o f, a ttem p ted , 438 .

Ch i ld cycle, 1 82 1 83 —
. Ass b ra y of, fo r vo i
, ce , 4 34 .

disg u ise , hero i n , 1 7 8 1 82

—
.
g o l d -
d ro i
pp g
n , 1 96 .

m a rr i
a g e , 303, 440 . tr ick y th i ef p reten ds he h a d

sk i
n b u rn ed , 2 46 . b een tra n s fo r m ed i n to , 437 .

su b s ti
tu ti on o f, fo r c hild , 3 9,
0 Ass -Ta b le Sti ck cycle , 2 36 2 37
- -
.

31 0 . As sa ss i on o f her o , a ttem p ts
n a ti

An im a ls b orn to hu m a n bein g s , a t. 1 8 . 2 4 . 2 5 2 6 . —
433 .

n g , s to r y
”
I 79 3
: 6 2 7 4 3 4 4
0 0 "
—
As u ero , Ki o f, 32 2 32 3
—
.

hero b ecom es ki
ng o f, 2 83. Ax e show n fo r too th , 46 , 49, 50 .

g o ld p rod u cin g
-
, 1 84 , 1 96 , 2 37 ,

B a b es i
n th e Woods , 2 97 .
44 8 Mem oirs of ca n Fol k Lor e S oci
the Am eri ety -
.

t (b i u it B eehi kin g ’
B a cu i rd ) b r i
n gs s a ga i
nst ve as s g o n g , 35 .

frog , 8
3 9 . h oa X. 433
B a g , m a gi c, tha t su p p l ies an y B ees as a llies o f b ir d s , 3 8 1 .

th i
n g , 1 78 . B eg ga r -wom a n , o ld , a i
ds hero ,

B a la n gu t h a t, 353 .
3 9
1 .

B a ld , w hy cu leto i s , 407 408

—
. l
B e ls kn ock i a b le
n s a ti wom an
w h y cu i ng i l
s , 407 . sen seles s ,
2 86 .

B a ll , g u ess i
n g con ten ts o f, 2. Ben efa cto rs i
n A s s- Ta b le Sti
ck -

m a r b l e , ob ta i
n ed from m on yl
c c e, 2 37 .

s tet s , 6
3 4 . B en fey, Teodor , 1 0, 4 ,
0 6 4 , 87,
B a lla d , 1 8th cen tu r
-
y sh ,
Sp an i 1 1 4. 1 2 7 ft . 1 37 ( n o te ). 1 49.

35 8 1 50, 1 83, 2 2 0 —2 2
3, 2 2 9 , 2 46 ,

B a m b oo s p rou ts , lin g
b oi la dder
fo r , 351 . B eowu lf ,
”
2 6 , 2 8.

B a m b oos ru b b in g to g ether p i
n ch i
B ett n g con tes t b e tw een
- ru lers ,

ig a n a , 384
u . 2, 5 6, 8
— See Wa g er . .

Ban an a flower sho t at to w i

n hu m m in g b ird a n d -
ca ra

p r i
n cess s
’
ha n d , 122. b a 0 . 393 .

lea f , m agi
c, 32 5 . ri - i
ce b rd and ca ra ba o , 394 .

tr ee p a n ted l by m on k e y and B ezem er , 37 3, 38 1 .

tu r tle , 366 , 36 7 . Bi rd a n d tu rt e d row n m l o n k eys ,

tr u n k s , ra ft m a de of , 340 .
374 .

B a n ca defin ed , 1 38 , 2 6 7 ( n o te ) . as m essen g er , 1 96 .

B a r ri
o defin ed , 50 . b ri
n gs m on k e y r in g of p r i
n cess ,

l
B a s ie , 1 1 4 , 1 83, 2 36 ; (4 3) 1 76 ; 1 80 .

( 4) 335
2 . t a ga i
su i n st fr o g , 8
3 5 f .
, 8
3 9 .

B a s k et, m a g i
c w i ow , ll a lw a ys fu l l a ga i
n st ho rse , 8
3 5 .

of go ld ,
2
3 5.
g i
a n t s i
fe
’
i
n , l 1 7 5.

B a ta k ta k f
( g ) 3 7
r o s 8 , . m a gi
c, 1 6 9 —1
7 1 .

B a tha la ,
2 1 9, 4 9
1 ( n o te ) .
p l u ck ed a l i
v e b y m o n k ey s ,
2
37 ,
g r a n ts a n i
m a s l i vi
n di d u a p ow l 37 4
er s ,399 .
l
r e ea sed fr om tr ee b y m o n k e y ,

B a ts , o r i i f, 40 1 7 9 1 80—
g n o 4 .
.

B a ylu ha n , 339 (n o te) . s hootin g , i

n b a m b oo th i
ck et,

B ea n , Ch r i ves her o , 2 86
st g i . See Ta s k s
2 40 . .

B ea r a n d p a n do k , 384 l . r d sn a re a s n eck a ce , 384

Bi -
l .

n , Dev i d ressed i
B ea r -Sk i n, l 2 07 . rds a i
Bi d hero b y tr a n s p o r ti
ng

he r o d r essed i
n, 2 08 2 09. —
p a a l
ce , 32 1 .

B ea r cy cle an d b ea s ts w a r , 38 1
’
s Son , 1 65 . at .

B ed of i
r on b rok en w hen hero cover m a rt r s y ’
co r p se th
wi
Si
ts on i
t, 2 93 .
flowers , 3 9
0 .

m agi
c tr a n s p or ta ti
on , 1 7 7 . fed b y h er o , 32 0 .

B eeh i
ve as
“
ki
ng
’
s b ell ,
”
33, 34 , p a l tra n s por ted b y 32 1
a ce , .

433 ~ ta l k to a n d en cou ra g e he ro 2 03 , .
450 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n ol
F k Lor e
-
S ociety .

B rother chosen for pa rdon i n s tea d C a m a n chi

le s m o th e r e d b y pas
o f hu sb a n d o r so n , 2 59 2 6 1 si
on vi 3 95
-
. n e, -
.

en vi
ou s , bu rn s you n ger broth
er s
’
hou se , 1 84 . C a m ote defin ed 1 56 , .

lls
ki cow of you n ger b ro ther , Ca m p b ell , J F ( N o 1 7) 71 ,
. .

1 84 .
( No 1 8.
) 56 , ( N O 50) 2 90
2 . .

o lder , 1 83 f . Ca na m o d efin ed , 1 4 1 ( n o te) .

so n , hu s b a n d , a n d , con dem n ed Ca n e , g i
a n t, th a t h o ld s fifty
to dea th , 2 58 f . ca tt e, l 433 .

B ro thers , e lder , tr y to ll
ki you n g m a gi sh i
c pu n i n g , 2 35 , 2 38 .

es t, 1 2 7 . su bd u es m o n s te r s , 36 4 .

tu r n ed to s ton e by (ex crem en t h

t a t fu r n ih fo o d 2 76
s es , .

)of
b i
r d , 1 6 9 . lls en em ies 1 95
tha t k i , .

- i - m a l,
B ro thers n la w , a n i 1 73 1 7 5 —
. C a n es , tw o m a g i
c fig h tin g , 22 9 .

hu n chb a ck , m u rdered , 2 6 7 —2
68 . Ca n n ib al gi an t k ills o w n sons by
B ru ja , ki
ng
’
s m essen g er , 1 07 . m is ta k e , 300 .

B u ddha re n ca rn a ted
i as an i
m a s, l Ca p o f i n vi si bility, m a g ic, 1 73 .

337 Ca p i ta n defin ed , 2 4 0 ( n o te) .

Bu ll heroin e sweeps sta ll

, of, 2
3 5. C a p tive g i a n t freed b y so n of

B u ll s m i
l k See Ta sk s ca p to r , 2 83.
’
. .

Bu iig i s , 31 f
s fig i C a ra ba o defin ed , 3 (n o te)
'
—
33 34 . .

Bu ria l ex p en ses , hero sell s hi

m a n d hu m m ing bi rd , 393
-
.

se lf for fa ther s ’
,
2 02 , 2 03. a n d rice b i
-
rd , 394 .

of l ive p er so n t hou g h t to be h
ex c a n ges l h
c o t es th
wi cow,

co rp se ( o
d r ll ) , 7 8 .

of Sever a l co rp ses , on e at a

ti
m e , 2 66 —2
68 .

B u ri
ed tr ea s u r e , 50
l ives w ith d og a n d m o n k ey 31 ,
.

ll loses ta il
.

p u ed o u t o f m i
re
B u ri
n ca n ta d as fr i
g h ten ed and
, ,

36
ll
k i ed b y m o n k e , 330 y .

le
.

r a ces tu rt 42 8 —
4 9.
2
n g ca n ta d a descr i
B u ri b ed , 4 8
,
.

C a rp en ter ca rves a w om a n o u t of
B u sk , Mis s R H 1 30 .
w ood ,
. .
,
1 2 9.
B u yo, m a g i
c, 2 31 2 76 , 2 7 8 .
,
Ca rp et, m ag i
c tra n s p o r ta ti
on ,

1 20 f 1 35.
C a b a llero , Fer n a n , 1 1 4 , 1 1 5, 2 1 9,
C a r re ton defin ed , 1 50 ( n o te ) , 1 90 .

2 36 .
Ca r ria g e , g o ld en , w i th h e ro i
n
Ca fre , 33 side, u sed to d i sco ver h i
dden
.

Ca g a n g , lea der of sm a ll l and

p r i
n c ess 2 02 ,
, 2 03 .

cr a b s ,
8
3 7 .
s ee a s ol Ta sk s .

Ca g e b y r i
ver , her o co n fin ed i
n, Ca sco defin ed , 2 ( n o te ) .

1 85 .
C as tl e i
n m i
ds t o f sea , 1 79 .

Ca k e, hero s ea ten ’
, by ch ick en , to be b u i l t in thr ee d a ys . See
which h e cl a i
ms ,
2 62 . Ta s k s .
 lipin o P opu la r Ta les
Fi .
451

Ca t a i
ds hero in recoveri
ng m ag i
c Chok i n g b y s n a k e on s ta g i t is

g l a s s 8 1 8 . 8
4 5 9 435 .
—8
. . . tr yi n g to sw a ll ow , 87 , 89 .

as hel p fu l a n im a l 335 , . on m ea t, 7 9 .

b equ ea thed b y d y i n g fa ther to Chu pa defin ed , 1 56 .

s on ,359 . Ci n derella cycle , 31 4 31 9 44 2 -

, .

C a ttl e , m a ri
n e, 1 86 f .
, 1 92 . Cin ta s defin ed , 2 1 5 ( n o te) .

Ca no n defin ed , 17 ( n o te ) . Ci r cle , m a gi c m a de w i th b lessed ,

l in g ,
Cei h id in g in 4 8 ,
—
49 , 50 . cha l k , 2 1 3 .

Cen ta vo her o b u ys
, ca k e th ,
wi Ci ty tra n s form ed i n to fo r es t, 302 .

2 62 . C las h i n g r o ck s 1 76 , .

Cen to Novelle An tiche , ( No . C lever La d , 6 1 6 2—

.

82 ) 2 44 . C lever La s s cycle , 9, 1 0 ; cf a l so .

C ha i
r, dem on s tu ck to , th
wi 2 4 3 2 57 ; 2 9 1 . 4 34 . 44 1
-

va r n i
s h , 4 39 . C li m bi n g to s k y, 2 8 5 .

ro n , b ro k en w hen s tron g p r i
i n ce C li n gin g to ta i l in fl ight, 382 .

sits i n i t 2 93 , . C l oa k , m a g i c, tha t fu rn ishes

c tr a n s p o r ta ti
m a gi on , 1 36 . co ok ed food , 2 36 .

Cha lk , b lessed b y p r i es t, u sed to of i n visibi lity, 1 7 7 .

w a rd o ff devi ls , 2 1 3 . C l ock , r o os ter as , 36 0 .

C l ock s tor y , 386 , 444

”
C ha r i
o t, m a g i
c, 1 32 , 1 35 . .

C ha s ti
ty i
n dex , 2 54 . C lo thes ex cha n ged b y ca ra b ao
Cha s ti
ty w a g er -
m o ti, f 24 8 2
—
57 , a n d cow , 4 1 1 , 4 1 2 .

fo r those of g i
’
44 0 . a n t s son s ,

Cha u cer , 2 44 .
3oo .

C hes t, hu n chb a ck s sm o t er ed h i
n, s to en l by hero from b a th i
ng

440 .
p r i
n cess , 1 70 .

ck en b la m es seed , 39 1
Chi .
—
b y m on k ey for h i
s m as te r ,

cl a i
m ed b y her o for ea tin g hi
s 330 .

ca k e, 2 6 2 . C lou s ton , W . A .
, 39
—
4 ,
0 7 ,
2 7 8
coo k ed by cru e l s tep -
m ot er , h I 33. 44 . 4 9. I I I 96 . 2 6 8 . 2 72 .

3 7
1 . 2 74 . 309. 352

ea ten b y dog , w h i
ch hero cl a im s Cock b o rn of q u een , 403 .

b o rr ow s spa rr ow ha w k s b r a ce
’
i
n tu rn , 262 .
-

fee t of, w hen p l a n ted bea r , let, 4 1 5 .

m a gi
c ew e s , 31 7j l .
g old p rod u cin g 2 37
-
, .

wi
se ly d ivided , 34 7 , 351 . or ig i
n a lly a va i
n b oy , 42 0 .

ld , F
C hi .
J
.
, 9 , 6 2 , 6 3 . nni
wi ng, 2 96 .

ld p rom ised to Devil , 2 07

Ch i . Cock s or i
g i
n a lly heirs of ro ya l
Child less cou p le gr a n ted w ish b y “

cou p e , l 402 —
4 3
0 .

wi tches , 1 7 . Coi
ns s ti
ck i
ng to re tu rn ed m ea s
“
Chiles a s k i n g s b rea d ,
’

37 6 . u re , 1 89, 1 96 1 2
3 98 8
334 33 0 1

C hi
n ese a n a l og u e of Seven 2
35 4. 38 .

”
H u n chb a ck ed B rothers , C013 : P c '
o
r 37 3 1 3 1
90 2
4 9 °

2 70. Co l e , M . C .
, 4 7,
0 4 1 6 .
452 Mem oirs of the A m eri
ca n Fol k L or e -
Soci
ety .

Coles , m a g i
c, 2 85 . Cow q
ac u i
redfo r p ig , 2 64 ,

Com a d re an d com pad r e, decei

t ex cha n ges clo th es w i th ca ra b ao,
fu l , 2 32 f . 1
4 ,1 4 .
1 2

C om b b eco m es b am b oo g rove , -
gld d rop pin g
o -
, 1 84 , 44 0 .

163 . r a cu lo u s ly
mi tr a n s fo r m ed,
m ou n ta i
n , 2 81 . 1 50 f .

m a gi
c, r es tores b rok en l i
m bs of C ow herd h
ex c a n g es p la ce in sa ck ,

her o , 1 59 . 1 85, 1 92 .

Com b a t b etween su n and m oon , Cox , Si r Georg e , 7 1 7 2 —

.

406 Cr a b a ids Ma r i a , 31 4 .

fou r s la in i
n m u tu a l ,
24 1 . a pp oi n ted so ld ier b y G o d , 4 1 9 .

Com pa ct b etw een hero a n d Devil , Ki a l , 39 1

n g , on tr i .

2 08 , 2 1 0 , 439 . ru n s rela y r a ce wi
th p lan dok ,

hero s fa ther a n d Sa ta n
’

,
21 1 43 °
Com p a n i on s See Sk ilfu l Com
. C r a b s fool
, bu ys a n d sen ds them ,

p a n ion s . hom e on foot 34 1 34 9 , , .

Com p a retti, ( No 58) 2 4 7 . . C ra n e, T F . .

, 5 ,
1 8
7 , 1 66 , 1 76 .

C on cu b in es o f k i ng tw o , b ea r , 1 7 7 . 2 1 3. 2 36 . 2 7 2 . 303. 335.
him ch i ldren , 309 .
35 35
0 . 2

C on ten d in g Lover s cycle , 436 . C r a yfish on tri a l , 39 1 .

Co ok i
ng ri
ce -
m eas u res , 34 5 -
6
34 , C rea ti on of ea r th , 398 .

35° C reepers , tw o b u n d les o f, s hown

Co n tra i, 44 2
r -
l . cles , 434
for tes ti .

ed m
C orp se b u r i an y ti
m es , 2 66 Cri ck et on tr ia l an d fo u n d g u i
l ty,
268 .
391

h a n d of , u s ed to effect esca pe , 7 3 . C r oa k , hero l ea r n s to , 34 8 .

lled
ki
”
and p a i
d fo r , le
C rocod i le
a n d chi -
p pp r
e e b u sh ,
ri
ses fro m w a ter and a ccu ses 376
m u r deress , 31 0 . a n d m on k e y . 374 37 9
—

l
s to en n s tea d
i of m on e y , 350 . a p po i
n ted ca da ver ca r r i
er -
by
Cosq u i
n, E 8, 1 0, 1 7, 2 7, 2 9, G od , 4 1 9 .

5 ,
1 7 ,
2 1 1 5, 1 66 , 16 7 , 168, d ecei ved b y j a ck a l , 4 44 .

1 96 , 2 1 3, 2 1 4 , 2 37 , 2 6 4 , 2 6 9 , b y m on k ey , 37 5 37 7 ! 382
—
°

d evou r s dem on , 31 .

C os tu m e foo l don s ,
, and fr i
g h ten s fer ries m on k ey a cr oss r iver ,
r ob b ers , 44 3 .

C o tton ed b y
ca r r i ha w k i
n flyin g p a r tr i
d g e a n d j a ck a l 378 , .

con tes t, 409 . lled w hen

ki j a ck a l b u r n s s tra w
C otton tr ee ,
- m agi
c b r a n ch o f, s ta ck , 37 9 .

2
3 5 .
p ys
l a dea d to ca tc h m on k e y ,

C ou n ter feits su b s ti
tu ted for m a g i
c 6
37 . 37 7
a r ti l
c es , 2 32 f . r ep resen ted as cru e l a n d s tup id ,

C ou p le p r a y for chi ld , 1 55. 376 .

C over i n g ri ce po t, 346
-
. sw a llows hero , 2 9.
4 54 Mem oirs of the Am erica n Folk Lor e S ociety -
.

Di
sen cha n tm en t , Dra g on fl y -
as m es s en g e r , 4 1 7 .

Di
vin er b u r n s hi
, s m ag i
c b o ok , 7 . cu ts hi
s ow n hea d o ff ,
4 1 8.

di
es of s ha m e , 8 . Drea m , m on k e ys ’
, of p rin cess i
n

di
scovers l ost p lou gh , ca ra b a o, cas t e i
n m l i
ds t o f se a , 1 7 9.

a n d ri
ng, 2 —
4 . of hero ,
2 83, 3 4
0 .

g u esses con ten ts o f b a ll , b ottle , Dr i

nk a ll the fres h w a te r i
n the

j a rs , 2, 6, 9 . wo r d , l ”
2 89 .

nu m b er of seed s , 2 , 6 . Dr i
nki n g the l a k e d r y 3 7 2 , .

hero as , 1 ff . Dro n g o a n d cr ow in fl ig h t co n test -

,

Di va l k i
n er s o f r i
vi n gs 9 , .
4 0
1 .

Doctor a n d w i fe deceive b en e Drow n i

ng tu r t e , l 6
3 7, 37 1 f .
,

fa ctor b y a l tern a tely feign 443

in g d ea th , 1 52 f . Dru m , b ea ten to si
m u la te roa r ,
Docu m en t of g o ld r ep resen ti
ng 4 34
p a ct th Sa ta n ,
wi 211 . b ea ti
n g , for s tom a c h , 6
4 , 49 .

w on b a ck and d es tr oyed hea ded ”

th
wi l ou se s k in -
, 1 00 .

by hero , 212. Du ck sh ow n for l o u se , 47 .

Dog l
c ai
m ed by hero for ea ti
ng Du end e descri
b ed , 2 1 8.

hi
s c h ick en , 262 . or i
g i
n o f,
2 1 8 .

hu m a n b ei
n g s b or n o f, 36 1 , 6
3 3, Du n g l , s iver
sca ttered in cow s
’
,

to sell m a l 1 97
“ ”
44 3 m a gic an i , .

i
n sa ck , 264 . Du n l op 22 3 2 6 8 2 74
, , , .

hero s u b s ti
tu tes , for h i
m Dw a rf as b en efa cto r , 2 37 .

se lf , 1 94 .

l ives w ith ca ra b a o a n d m on k ey , Ea g le b ea rs hero to La n d of

3 1 . lg r im s ,
Pi 160 .

qu es tion ed by forg otten be b ri

n gs p r i
n cess n ew l y b orn
-

h
tr o t ed , 1 6 4 . b a b es , 167 .

tr a n s fo rm ed i
n to fu l
b ea u ti ca r r i
es off wea l th , 141 .

w om an , 36 2 . fr ien d ly , ai
ds her o i
n se a rc h for
Do g -
m o t er h den i
ed by h a rd God dess o f Sea , 31 2 .

hea r ted d a u g h ter , 443 . o f g o ld con cea ls sea rch i

ng hero ,

Do n Ag u s tin Don P ed ro , , an d 4 39
Don J u a n l
”
, 1 6 9. Ea g es , k in g o f, as b r o the r -i
n - la w ,

Doria Ma r i Mu rcia
‘
a of , 1 73 .

(n o te) . Ea r -
ri
n g u sed to con vi
ct fal se i
n

Door m a r k ed for i
den ti
fica ti
on , tr i
g u er ,
2 52 .

73 Eg g fou n d in g ra ss an d p r eser ved

Dove as m essen g er of Dei
ty , b y hero i n e 2 96 , .

4 2 1 -
2
4 3 g i
a n t s s tr
’
en g th i
n 1 75 , .

of No a h 42 3 42 4 ,
—
.
g o lden
93 , .

Dr a co tt A E 1 55 2 46
, . .
, , . ha tches in to vi
cto r i
ou s fig h ti
ng

es a n d m o n k eys , 37 9
Dr a g on fl i -
cock , 2 96 .

38 1 . Eggs s to en l from ben ea th b ird , 74 .

 Fili
p ino P opu la r Ta l es .
4 55

Ej a cu la tion g u ess , 1 , 2 , 4 7 ,
—8
, 1 0. F a n gs p r od u ced by blossom s
Ej a cu la tion u n ex p ected ly re ea ten , 1 5.

covers s to en l w ea th , 1 39 l . rem oved b y ea ti

ng lea ves , 1 5.

El Li b ro de los En x em p los , F a n sl er , H E , 2 72 ,
. . 2 78 .

2 74 . Fa rn ha m , W E, . . 128 ( n o te ) ,

E lep han t k illed b y qu a il , 38 1 .

436
on e o f fo r m s o f B od h i sa tta , mi
F a ta l i ta ti f, 438
on m o ti .

337 Fa ther a ttem p ts to ki ll la zy so n

El h ep l The 433
a n t-F oo , , . b y ex pos i n g hi
m to sn ak e

En ch a n ted city an d su b j ects 302 , . bite , 2 2 4 .

Esca pe b y feig n in g dea th 384 , . ca n n o t th m on ey ,

b e b ou g ht w i
b y u sin g han d o f co rp se 7 3 , . 2 75.

from w ell 36 4 , . tches i

Fea s t, w i n vi ba l,
ted to ca n n i
E tiolog ica l s tor ies See l is t u n der . 2 79 .

w ord Why; a lso u n der H ow , Fse fi fo-fu m

- -
,
20 ( n o te ) , 1 78 .

Feet o f m a g i c chick en g row w hen

E tiqu ette j a ck a l , tea ches m a s ter , p l an ted , 3 7

1 .

333 Fen ce des troyed b y foo l for h rs

m on k e y tea ch es m as ter , 335 . w ood , 76 .

Eu fem ia 2 56 ,
” —2
57 . fe, m a g ic, th a t
Fi com p els ever y
Eva n s I H N , . . .
, 34 , 6 2 , 2 74 , 2 90 , on e to d a n ce , 2 42 .

2 94 1 430 ° Fi
ne o f o ld w om an p a i
d b y b ea r
Evil s p ir it ,
2 1 8. s ki
n hero ,
2 08 .

Ex cha n g e , p ro fita bl e , s to r y o f, re p rodu ced b y throw i

Fi n g d ow n

2 6 2 2 6 5. m a gic red han d k erch i ef , 2 80

-
.

u n p ro fita b e, 2 6 4 l . refly b r i
Fi t a ga i
n g s su i n s t m os

Ex chan g in g p la ces , 1 96 . qu ito , 8

3 5 f .

see a s o l
P la ce, let m e ta k e you r . w h y, ca rr i
ed fire , 385, 388 .

Ex cr em en t d rop ped b y m on k e y sh b r i
Fi t a ga i
n g s a wsu i l
n s t deer ,

i n tu rt e s m ou th , 37 1
’
l .
39 l

b u ffa l o , 37 3 on . n vey s hero to pa lace u n der

on p r i es t s hea d , 37 3
’
—
. sea , 31 2 .

Eye d i
-
sea se o f ki n g cu red b y hero , en or m ou s , hu r led ou tof s i
g ht 22 , .

2 82 . fin s o f,p l an ted 3 1 8 ,
.

g r a tefu l t ra
, n s p o r ts hero a cr oss

Fa i ry gi ves Un cle Cu r ro m a g i c ocean , 88 .

cles , 2 36
a r ti . j ewel fou n d in , 1 4 3.
Fa ll from s k y-rea chi ng l
p an t, mi
s ta k en fo r is lan d , 2 1 .

w om an ki lled b y, 2 86 . ri n g fou n d in , 1 39 .

F a lli
n g a cci den ta lly on old m an , s h er m an d row n s w i
Fi fe , 31 8 .

an d k illin g h im , 36 , 40 . shes , ki
Fi ng o f, as brother -
n la w ,
i -

from cocoan u t-tree , 42 f , 44 ,

. 1 7 3.

53 Fi
ve hu n dred yea rs , p r i
n ce en

Fa lse P roofs cycle, 42 — 53, 434 . cha n ted 302 , .

456 Mem oir s of the Am erica n Folk L or e Society
-
.

F leece of g o ld hero con cea ls h im

, F rog croa k s a t n i
g ht , w h y , 385 .

se lf in ,
2 06 . a l fo r la u g hi
F rogs b rou g h t to tr i ng

Fli
g h t, m a i
c
g , 1 6 3, 1 6 8 , 2 7 9 —2
81 , a t sn a is , l 8
3 7 .

437 t b la m es m on g oos e , 39 1
F ru i .

Fli g h t co n tes-
t , 4 07 4 , 44 5
1 0 -
. F ru i
t-tra il , 442 .

F l ood s to r i es , 42 1 f , 44 5 . . Fr u i
ts p rodu ce ho r n s , 12.
F l ow ers , fresh n ess o f, i n di
ca ti
on r em ove horn s , 12 .

o f c a s ti
t h y , 2 54 .

F ly, m ea t ld to 353
so , . G a ll ow s , hero sa ved fro m , 24 1

on fa ce , ll in g 77 7 8
ki 3 , 389
8 1 , , , . 2 43.

F ood d em an ded ba ck , 36 G a m e Ta g a log boy s , 95 (n ote)

’
ea ten .
, .

G a m elyn , Ta l e of, 2 6
“ ”
o i
p s on ed , 357 . .

su ppl ied from m a g ic vessel 1 77 , . ece of, g i

G a r m en t, p i ven as tok en ,

F 001 b u i es l i
ve m o ther 340
r , . 1 59 1 6 0.
-

bu ys cra b s a n d sen d s them G a rm en ts th

decora ted w i cross e
s

hom e on foot , 34 1 —
2
34 , 349 . to frig h ten d evi
ls , 211 —2
1 3.

des tr o s s i
n gi
ng y ri
ce -
p ,
o t 34 1 . G a te, ir on , d em a n ded b y h ero for

fr ig h ten s m an u n der tree an d kill in g h is dog , 2 6 2 .

secu r es b a g o f m on ey , 342 . G azelle a s help fu l a n i m a l , 336 .

i
s fr ig h ten ed w h ile rob b in g Gerou ld , G H , 1 2 8 , 2 8 5
. . .

“ ”
h ou s e , 34 2 . Ges ta R om an or u m , 17, ( 1.x x 1 )
j oin s rob b er b a n d 340 , .
53. 2 6 9
m a k es h ol es in b o ttom o f p o ts G hos t a p pea rs to p r i
n ce i
n d rea m ,

to ca r r y th em m o r e ea s i
ly , 3 4
0 .

34 1 . a n t a s g od fa ther 2 8 1
Gi , .

th i
n ks h im self dea d , 34 ,
0 34 8 . devou rs food of her o , 2 0 .

For b i
d d en fr u i
t ea ten o f, 4 02 m a n -ea ti n g , s la in , 2 8 , 31 .

F or g o tten B etro th ed y l
c c e ana s ev e n -h
ea ded , 2 8 .

lyz ed , -h h
1 6 5, 1 6 8 , 4 37 . tw o ea ded , fr i g ten ed b y b l i
n d
F or k s . See Ta s k s . m an a n d la m e m a n , 43 .

F or t y Ve zi
rs , 2 2 1 . b y hu n chb a ck s g u n , ro pe ,
’

F ox 377
, . d u ck 4 7 , .

a n d C r ow , 396 . n g er , tu r tl e a n d l i
Gi za r d s tea l ,

a s h e p fu a n i
m l l a l , 335 336 , 337
-
. 8
3 4 .

F r er e , ( NMo 2 ) .
, .
36 2 , ( No 1 2 ) . G la ss , m a g i
c, 7 9 ff .

2 37 . ( No 1 8 ) 52 . 53 . . G la ss m a k er ,
-
eldes t of th ree
F r er e a n d th e B oye 24 1 , . b rothers b ecom es ex p e r t , 1 1 7 .

Frien d ly a n i m a l s : a n ts a n d b i
rds , G oa t a s m es sen ger , 1 96 .

2
3 0 . d ecei tfu l , 2 36 .

Fri
g h te n i
n g r o b b er s u n d er tr ee , y
m on e p rod u ci
- n g , 2 9, 2 33, 2 35.

1 8 7 . 1 89 . 1 95. 34 2 . 35 .
0 4 38 . G od an d th e fis h , 4 1 9 42 0 —
.

F r og , bi
rd b ri
n gs su i
t a ga i
n s t, asb en efa ctor , 2 37 .

8
3 5 f 8
3 9 . di ses h i
sg u i m self to ai
d h ero ,

b ri
n gs su i
t a ga i
n s t tu r t e , l 8
3 5 f . 2 76 .
458 Mem oirs of the Am eri
ca n Fol k L or e Society -
.

Ha n dk erchiefs , two m a g ic, u sed in Holy w a ter ,

- frig h ten in g Devi
l
flig ht, 2 79 2 80
-
. th ,
wi 2 1 3.

Ha n g in g se lf , tri
ck of m a s ter Hon ey in covered j a r 9 , .

th i
ef , 7 4 . Hon or. J A 337 . 37 3. 37 4. 383 . .
,
“ ”
H a re m a rr ied to p rin ce, 44 0 Hop Thu m b Ta g a log
’
. 0 my ,

on e of th e form s of B od h i sa tta , vers i

on o f, 2 99 -
30 1 .

337 Horn b l ow n for whi

s tle , 46 .

Ha t of in vi
sibi
lit y , 2 92 . w hen b low n , p od u ces a rm
r y , 16 .

p a ys la n dl ord . 1 96 . 1 97 . 353 Hom -p rodu cin g an d h or n ra m ov -

355. 443 ing bl ossom s , fr u its an d ,

Ha wk an d colin g i
n fli
g h t-
con tes t, lea ves 1 2 1 5 , , .

408 . Horse a cqu ired for cow , 264 .

fla ttered b y squ irrel , d rops fish , a nd bi

rd , 386 .

396 esca p e on , 1 6 3.

s tea s l m ea t from crow , 392 . fr ien d ly sa ves he r o in m a g i

, c

H a ze l nu t
-
, di
a m on d cover i
ng flig ht 2 80 , .

d ra w n from , 2 47 . g o ld p
-
r odu cin 2
g . 37 4 39 .

Hea r t on tree 376 37 7 ,

-
. killed b y p oison ed fo od in
Hea ven rea chin g b ea n sta lk 2 86
- -
, . ten ded fo r hero 357 , .

Hell hero j ou rn eys to to re

, ,
leg den ta l
o f, a cci ly b rok en b y
cover con tra ct m a de th
wi G am a ni, 39 .

Sa ta n , 2 1 1 , 2 1 3. m a gi ds a n d
c, a i cou n se ls hero ,

Hen ac u i
r edq for p ea , 2 64 . 32 0 .

b or r ow s cr ow s
’
n eck a ce, l 1
4 4 . fl ies th rou g h a ir 32 2 , .

Di
vided m oti, f 61, 6 3, 2 53 l of p u lled off 38
ta i , , .

2 54 . H ors m ea t
e- ex c a n g ed h fo r sa ck

g o ld p -
r o du ci
n g , 2 37 . of m on e y , 1 93 .

Her b , m a gi
c, r es tor es deca p i
ta ted H or ses , esca pe from tow er on

m an , 1 31 . m agi n g ed , 357
c wi .

Her m it fu r n i
shes c a rti
m agi c es l Hou se , m a gi
c, 2 97 , 2 98 .

you g est b rother

to n , 127. Hou se -
a n sw er i
n g ow n er -

g i
v es l f
ie to w ooden wom an , 37 7 . 3 3
7 . 37 9. 444
1 30 . How th e crow beca m e b la ck ,
ki dn a pp ed b y th i ef , 6 9 . 2
4 0
-
4 5
2

s ell s her o m a g ic ca n e , 2 4 1 . la n son es b eca m e ed i

b e, l 4 0 1

sen ds her o to an o ther herm i t for 4 3

0 .

i n fo r m a ti
on , 1 6 0 . m uc h is th e k in g w o r th ? 2 88 .

Her m its , the t ree h ( O ld , O l der. Hu m an b ein g s b o rn o f d o g , 36 1 ,

O ldes t form u la ) , 1 70. 6

3 3. 44 3
Herodo tu s , 2 6 0. Hu -m an l( a n d -sn a
ls ) , 38 7
i .

Heron m ora l izes and i

v
g es ad Hu m il ity , ri
ding hor se fa cin g ta i l
vi
ce to ha w k , 396 . as si
g n o f, 2 8 1 .

Hi
de of b la ck deer h
c a n g es to n g bi
Hu m m i th ca ra b a o
rd b ets w i -
,

g o lden a r m or , 2 96 . 393
 Fi
lipino P opu la r Ta les .
4 59

Hu m p b a ck g i
v es h e ro m agi
c J a ck a l an d crocod ile , 8
37 , 37 9 .

p u r se , g oa t, l
ta b e , an d ca n e , an d to rtoi
se , 37 8 37 9
—
.

23
35
—
2 2 . l
as c ever a n i
ma l , 37 8 .

Hu m p b a ck s , th e seven ,
—
26 7 2 6 8 . as hel p fu l an im a l , 33 6 .

th e t h ree ,
—
26 5 26 7 , 44 0 . d eceitfu l 383 , .

Hu n chb a ck an d b li
n d m an , 50 dece i
ves c
cro od ie , l 444 .

51 . fl a tters crow , 39 6 .

an dg ian t, 6
4 47
—
. ta u n ts foo l sh w om
i an , 392 .

Hu n ters rob o rp ha n of pu rse , 2 4 1 l

vu tu re s tea s m ea t rom l f , 392 .

Hu s b a n d , in do len t s tor y o f, 2 31 , J a cob s Josep h 336 396

. . .

2 35 . J a m b u tree com m en ts on
- m u tu a l
son b rother , a n d , con dem n ed
, fl a tterers , 396 .

to dea th 2 58 , . J y
aso n , m th o f, 1 6 5 .

Hu sb a n ds , p r i
n cess es r e u i
red q to
“
Ja n ka .
”
( NO 4) (44 ) 2 6 3 2 64 : -

h
c oo se , 2 84 . 7 : (45) 7 ; (4 ) 44 ; ( 55)
8 8 8 2

33 : ( 57) 37
6 6 . 37 9 ; ( 7)
6
I den tifica tion b y Sl ip per 31 6 , . 2 6 0 26 1 ;
—
( 1 86 ) 7 1 8 ; (2 0 8 )
b y n eck la ce 357 , .
37 ; ( 57 ) 39 ; ( 7 3) 37 ;
6 2 2 2

I f we u se m on ey there , i
s ( 7 ) 37 3; ( 94 ) 39 : ( 95)
2 8 2 6 2

n ot h in g we ca n n o t di
s 39 397 ; ( 357 ) 3
6 — 8 1 ; (37 ) o
”
cover , 2 03 .
395 : ( 374) 39 2 . 44 5 (4 4 )
; 9

Igu a n a deceived b y tu r tl e 383 , .

37 3 : (44 ) 6 2 7 2 2 7 3 ; (493)
-

p i
n ch ed b y b a m b oos ru b b i
ng 1 7 7 : ( 546 ) 6 2 6 3. 434
—

together , 384 . J elly fish-

as s tu p i
d sea an i
ma -
l ,

l sp ir it) ,
I ki (evi o ri
g i
n o f, 2 1 8 .
37 7
“
I ha d f
’
1 66 . J ohn th e B ea r , 24 . 2 7 , 433.
I m a ge b ecom es a l ive , 1 30 , 1 31 , 4 37 . 44 1

3 4
2 J oin er ca r ves a m a n , 1 31 .

I m p os to r ha n ged 2 51 , .
“
J u an an d Ma ri
a , fe
Li o f, 2 97

p r i
n ces , 2 82 ,
2 84 . 2 99.

I m p rison ed m on s ter re lea s ed b y J u an B a ch i er , ll 2 02 2 05 —

.

hero , 2 83, 44 1 . J u an Ti
rioso
‘

,
”
2 80 , —
2 83 2 84 ,

I n di
an ( Am er ca n )
i a n a og u es , l 359 44 . 1

43 44 5 p 1 —
a ssim J u das -
tree des troyed b y ba n ya n
I n gen i
ou s s tu den t, s to r y o f, 1 51 . s hoo t
395 , .

I nn - k eeper , ra s ca lly , 2 36 . J u dg m en ts o f k i
n g , 35 40
-
.

In terru p ted cook in g -

ep i
s od e , 2 0,

27 —2
81 433 ° Ka li la h an d Di m n a h , 37 7 .

I ron Han s cycle an a lyzed , 44 1 . Ka sa yka sa y (b i rd) a n d crow , 392 .

I sa bel sa b eli
i n a ) , a co i
n , 2 18 . K a ta pus a n , 339 (n ote) .

“ ”
Ka th is a r its fl g a ra , 1 2 8
J hi
a ck a n d s Step Da m e , - 24 1 . see a l so Ta wn ey, C H . .

J a ck a l a ba n don s m ea t to ca tc h Ka ya m a n an Z a m ba l g oddess of
fish , 392 . riches , 400 .
4 60 Mem oirs of the Am erica n F olk L or e Society
- .

Key, m a gi
c r u s ty, t at h w ou d l La n g u a ge of An im a ls cycle 229 , .

open a n y s ton e , 2 92 . La n son es m a de ed ib le b y a n gel ,

tha t u n ock s an y l door , 1 7 3, 4 ,

0 1 402 .

1 74. by Virg in M a r y 403 , .

Keyho le, Devi

l tr ies to esca pe La zy p e rson , cu rsed , b eco m es
th rou g h , 2 2 0 . m on k e y 414 , .

Ki n g o f a b bo t, 7 1
dn a p p i . Le R oi F l ore et la belle Je
o f herm i t, 6 9 . han n e 2 56 ,
.

o f her o b y can n i ba l witch or Lea ves br id ge bu i

, ra cu lou sly
lt m i
g i
a n t,
2 79
—2 8 1 . from 1 80 , .

of p r i
n ces b y hero , 32 0
s . Leper an d th e th ree b ro thers
, ,

o f s lee p i
n g kin g , 60 .

ll in g fly on fa ce , 7 7 , 78 , 38 1 ,
Ki hero sg u i
di ses h im sel f as a.

2 83.

Ki s Th r ee Son s
s hi
n g Lu i , , an d Lep ros y ca u sed by j u ice of la n
Qu een Mora ,
”
169 ( n o te ) . son es , 40 1 .

n g s b el t tr i
Ki Le from d ea d hoa x
’
ck 36 8 37 2 , , . tter - -
, 6
3 4 .

Ki
n g sco te Mr s H , ( No , . . . I X) Letters o f g old , 2 04 05 —2
.

33 8 ( No ,X ) 5 ( No
2 .
, . X I V) Lig h tn in g fl a sh es a tt
-
e n d en

tr a n ce to dem on s p a la ce,
’
26 5 .

Ki
ss ta b oo 1 6 8 , .
3 7
0 .

Ki n g h a n ds o f p a r en ts
ss i a s Si
g n Li
me s hown for sp i
ttle , 53 .

o f r es p ect, 1 9. Li
on b rother i
as n la w , 1 7 3 - -
.

Kite u sed to con ve y letter to g o l den , w i

th cr ys ta l e yes 2 06 ,
.

p r i
n cess , 1 6 0 -
16 1 . o n e of th e form s o f B od h i s a tta ,

Kitten su b s titu ted for n ew b or n -

337
b a b e 309 , . recon s tru cted and res to red by
Kittr ed g e G L 1 2 8 , 1 36
, . .
, . sk i u lf l B ra h m a n s 1 2 9 , .

Kn a p sa ck Ha t Hor n cycl e 2 30
- -
, . Li
on
’
s mi l k n eeded to cu re si
ck

Kn ow l es . J H , 6 4 . 7 4 . 75. 7 8 . . qu een and ki

ng, 2 82 , 2 84 .

KOh Ier R , 1 7 6 3, 7 1 , 1 1 5 1 66 ,
.
, , , o n s g u a rd dem o n
Li
’
s p a a ce , l 3 7
0 .

1 6 8 , 1 8 3, 1 96 , 1 97 . 2 1 0 . 2 57 . Li
ver o n tr ee , 37 7 .

vi
Li ng p e r s o n ed fo r d ea d ,
b u ri
340

L a d der , b a m b oo 4 ( n o te ) .
—
m i
s ta k en fo r co r p s e an d

b oii l
n g , 351 .
“
ll
k i ed ,
”
26 7 , 26 8 .

m a de of di
am o n ds , 3 5
0 . Li
za r d ca u g h t b y b ird -
sn a re , 8
3 4 .

La d le ys ta i, l decei ved b y tu r tl e , 38 4
’
b ecom es m on k e .

1
4 4 . a l , 391
o n tr i .

La m e m an j o i s b l in d
n m a n , 4 3, s tu n g b y b ees 384 , .

Locu s ts , es o f o r i
s to r i g i
n o f, 399
La m en es s cu r ed by ki
ck , 46 , 51 .
4 0 1 .

La n d of P ig r i
m l s , 1 59 f . Log s , ha u l in g , fo r fu el i
n h ell ,

La n g , An d r ew , 1 6 5 1 66 , 1 6 7
—
. 2 12 .
4 62 M em oirs o f the A m er i
ca n Folk L ore Soci
-
ety .

Mon k ey ca u g ht b y w ax s ta tu e , Moon origin a lly b a d -

tem p er ed si
s

3 7
2 ter of su n , 405 .

h
c an ges wi p l
th tu r tle , 37 0
a ces . s tea s l j ewel from
G o d 405 , .

d ecei
ved b y tu rt e , 36 7 37 4
-
l . s tru ck b y en orm o u s r ock and

d ecei
ves crocod i
le, 374 379, sha ttered , 4 06
-
.

382 . Morlin i, ( Nov 42 ) 2 44 . .

l
tu r t e , 382 . Mor m or o 2 84
o-
, .

fick le l over tr a n s form ed i

n to , Mosqu ito im p r ison ed th ree da ys ,
302 . 8
3 5 .

i n su l ts tu r tle , 37 1 , 372 . killed b y sm a ll cra b s , 387 .

i s m a de ch i ef m i ni s ter , 332 . w hy m a le, does n o t s ti n g , 386 .

i s s h o t b y h u n ter , 37 1 . l os t h is voice , 385 .

is tra n s for m ed i n to p r i n ce , 1 8 1 . see a so l Ta s k s .

l ives w ith dog an d ca ra b a o , 31 . Mother den i

ed by d a u g h ters,
m a rr i es p ri n cess , 1 8 1 .
36 2 36 3
-
.

m u ti la tes self a n d d ies , 369 . dog a s , 362 f .

on e o f for m s o f B od h i sa tta , 337 . foo l bu r ies , t h in kin g h er dea d,

for tu n e 1 79 f
seek s , .
340 .

ser ves hero 32 8 f 44 2 , .

, . killed an d offer ed
fo r sa le , 1 92.

th i
evi n g 32 7 , .
p r eten d ed res u scita tion o f, 1 86.

Mon k ey s F idd le 2 44 ’
,
. Mou se , dea d , u sed as ca p i
ta l to
Mon k ey fl es h so ld b y tu r tle
-
, 6
3 7, ac u i
re q for tu n e , 2 6 3.

37 1 m a rr i
ed to p r i
n ce , 44 0 .

Mon k ey - fe
wi h of ero tra n s o r m ed f Mu le , g o ld p rodu cin g 2 37
-
, .

i
n to fu l
b ea u ti w om an ,
2 46 , sk i
n o f s o ld a s en ch a n ted hi
, de ,

44 0 . 1 91 .

Mon k eys an d d ra g on fl i
es , -
8
7 , M u le s'
eye k n ock ed ou t th
wi
37 9 38 1 —
. s ton e , 40 .

d to b e
sa i descen ded from Mn l tos (sp ir its ) 2 8 1 , .

h u m a n b ein g s , 1
4 3
-
4 4
1 . Ma n go defin ed 1 48 ( n o te) , .

s la y ea ch o ther i
n tr yi
n g to Mu s ic b ox w ith p la yer co n cea led
-

ll
k i d r a g on fl i es , 380 -
. n si
i de , 1 99, 2 02 .

y
Mon k s , s tor o f b u r ia of fou r , 2 6 9 l .

Mon s ter , g r a tefu , fu r n ishes hero l ls

Na i u sed i
n sca lin g to w er , 356 ,
m agi
c s ton e , 82 .
358
s v n
e e -
hea ded , 1 58 . ea ten b y vora ci
ou s her o , 1 98 .

h ea ded 2 93 Neck la ce
’
ten -
, . , crow s , b o r ro w ed an d

tw elve hea d ed 2 94-

, . los t b y hen , 4 5
1 .

Mon ster s th ree m a n y hea ded

,
-
, du p l i
ca te o f , as i
d en ti
fica ti
on ,

2 92 f .
, 2 95 .
357 °

Moon l
n ded i
b i n on e eye b y h er hoa x : n oose a s n eck la ce , 8
3 4 .

b r o ther , 406 . Need le b ecom es h

t orn s i
n m a gi
c

on h
t r oa t as m a r k of b ea u ty , fl ig h t , 1 70 .

3 1 1 . see Ta s k s .
 mam a P opu la r Ta les . 6
4 3

Neg r ito s la ve m a k es s k i
n whi
te O ri g i
n o f l oc u s ts , 399 4 0 1 -
.

by m agi c, 2 88 . o f su n , m oo n , a n d s ta r s , 405

win s p rin ces s fo r h is m as ter 4 06 .

b y an sw er in g qu es tion s , 2 8 8 O r p han , s tor y o f, 2 37 f , 2 4 1 . .

2 89 . O tter m u ti la ted b y tu rtle , 444 .

Neg ro (Am erica n ) an a log u es , 431 Ou t dd l i

-r i
n g th e p r i n cess , 44 0 .

44 5 p a ssim . Ow l ( h o r n ed ) an d m oo n , 4 2 8 .

Neg ro-d isg u ise, hero u ses , 281

2 82 . th Devi
P a ct w i l . See Devil .

Net , m agi
c, t a t w i ca tc h ll h fish P a deres , 27.

on d r y g rou n d , 2 35. P a gn id efin ed , 43 .

Noa h . 42 3 42 4 ‘ -
l
ta i of, s hown a s 43 ha ir , .

Nood le Stor ies

338 82, f
353 , 44 3 , . . Pa l a ce tr a n sp o r ted b y b i
rd s , 32 1 .

No t cou n ti
ng se f , 75 7
, 6 , 8
7 , l Pa l m er p red i cts fo rtu n es o f hero ,

4 35 2 76 .

N o ti
ce p o s ted b y hero on p a a cel Pa m l lea f
-
u sed to l,
b ea t Devi
doo r , 1 98 .
439
— on h
m erc an t s
'
door , 2 02 , l
Pa m s of ha n d b ea ten as p u n i
s h
2 03 . m en t, 2 1 8 .

N oven a defin ed , 2 07 . P a n ca ta n tra , 2 2 0, 22 1 , 37 7 ,

Novena ri o defin ed , 2 07 .
392 . v (4) 129

P a n zer , F ri ch ,
ed r i 25 f, . 27, 1 1 5,

o , Ki
O cta vi ng, s to r y o f, 2 80 168 .

2 83 . P a ra gos defin ed , 55 .

O do r , sw eet, from co rpse o f mar P a ra m ou r i

n b ox r a n som s him sel f
W Y. 309 for a thou sa n d p es os , 1 95 .

O d yssey , 16 8 . P a r k er , H .
, 431 —
44 5 p a s sim .

O g re p u shed i n to oven , 442 . P a r tn ersh i

p o f fis h , dra g on -fl y,
Oi n tm en t w o n der w o rk i
, n g , 1 35 -
. w a sp , a n d sn a i, l 4 7
1 —
4 1 8 .

O ld m a n cl a im s h an d o f r esu sci P a ti
a na o, 42 .

ta ted p r i
n ces s , 1 2 6 . P n
a l
on g ed for
-
by p eg n an t
r
—
di
r ects hero to herm it fo r w om a n , 2 80 .

n fo r m a ti
i on , 1 59 . P a ym en tb y sm ell i
n g m on ey 39 , .

g i
v es y for p u rcha se
m on e P en , tes letter s of
c, tha t w r i
m a gi
of m a g i cles 1 2 2
c a r ti , .
g o ld , 2 04 .

tr a s form ed
n in to you n g P en ta m eron s , 7) (v . 1 34 .

p r i
n ce , 1 2 6 . P epp er , tig e r b i l
n ded b y, 22 5 .

w om a n g i
v es o rp ha n m agi
c P ep per - p a n t l as ki
ng
'
s fru its ,

ca n e , 2 38 . 36 8 . 37 . 376
2

O ld W om a n an d h er Pi
g, P ercefores t,
"
2 56 .

typ e , 44 5 l
P er ra u t, 335 .

O ra n g e m a g i , ll
c, th a t w i cu r e th e P eso s . ( 500) 1 89 ; 1 84 ,
dyi ng 1 35 , . 1 95.

O rig in 0 b a ts 4 4
0 , . P eta te d efin ed , 11 ( n o te ) .
 6
4 4 Mem oirs of the Am erica n F olk L or e Society
-
.

P fen n i
g ,
s th ree, for th ree- yea r P ri
n cess a bdu cted an d p ro m i sed

sa a r l y , 2 42 . to person w h o co u ld res tore

ck i
Pi ng ou t p r i
n ces s from m ai
ds h er , 1 17.

d ressed ex a ct ly lik e her , 2 06 . a ccess to , b y m ea n s o f cos tl y

Pi
g ac ui
r edq fo r h en , 2 64 . con tr i
va n ce , 2 00 .
m ea t s o to , 353 ld . ai
ds hero in pe r fo r m a n ce of
tea rs r i
ce-m a t
, 3 7
1 . difficu l t ta s k s 1 6 1 f , .

Pi
n b ecom es u n der bru sh of chop ped to p i eces to recover

thorn s , 2 8 1 . l ost rin g , 1 62 , 1 6 7 .

see Ta s k s . l
c ai
m ed by hero fo r b a th i
ng i
n

Pi
p i
t ( tin bi rd) , 58 y . hi
s ri
ver , 2 63 .

t du g to b u r y g r a n d fa ther i
Pi n ,2 73 . cu red by m agi c tu b e 1 2 1 , .

tch , 9
Pi . cu t i n to th ree p a r ts for the

s m ea red on s hoes to p i
ck up th ree su itors , 1 1 9 .

m on e y u n detected , 73 . h idden , d iscover ed b y Sigu id,

Pi
tré, 2 06 , 2 57 . 1 98 .

P l a ce, let m e ta k e you r , m a de w ole h b y m a gi

c ston e
s ,

1 88 . 37 0 . 383. 384 . 444 1 1 9.

P l a gu e person i
fied , 2 2 2 . m a rr i
es Pu gu t Neg ro , 2 82 .

P la n dok a n d tu r tl e , 384 . offered for ten ca r oa d s l of

a s clever a n im a l . 34 . 35. 37 4 . m on e y , 1 0.

8
3 4 . to the on e w h o cou ld an

on tr i
a l , 390 . sw er qu es tion s 2 76
h er , .

r a ces cr a b a n d loses , 430 . r es to red to l i

fe 1 1 9 1 2 4 , , .

P l a n tin g stick b ecom es

-
m on k e ys ’
sp i
ts on her o 31 1 , .

ta il 414 , . P ri
n cesses , th r ee r es cu ed b y Al ,

P la te m a g i
, c se l f filli
ng -
439 , . b er to from m on s ters 2 92 ,

w ooden , m a de fo r g r an d fa ther , 2 95.

271. P rocu ress , n o se an d ea rs of,

P lou g h h id i g a n d
, n scover i
di ng, cu t off, 2 55 .

b y divin er , 3 . P rofita b le Ex ch a n g e cycle , 2 62

s on ed food g i
P oi ven hero , 357 . 2 6 5.

P oo l of you th a n d b ea u ty , 3 5
2 . sed C h id
P r om i l y l
c c e, 2 07 2 08 , -

P os t b o r r ow ed fo r hou se , and 2 1 0.

dem a n ded b a ck a ga i
n by P ro o fs , fa lse , 4
53 4 34 2 —
, .

len der ,35 . P rop hec y n g h er o ,

con cern i 2 76 ,

P oti
p h a r
’
s wife m f
o ti, 2 2 6 . 2 78 .

P ou n d fl es h i
-
ofn ci
-
den t, 39, 40 . P r over b s , Ta g a og , 6 (n o te) l .

P reg n a n c on g i yl
n g s , 2 80 . P u g u ( a sm a b i r d ) com p la ill
ns of

P ri
de a n d a va r i
ce , ex em p l u m o f, horse , 8
3 5 .

2 86 . P u gu t 30 f .
, 33 .

“
P ries t a s b en efa cto r , 2 37 . P u g u t Neg ro , 2 80 2 83. —

P rin ce O i ver os a n d P ril

n cess P u m p ki n field ,
-
y
m on k e di
rect
s
‘
Arm en ia ,
”
2 85. tu r tle an d le
crocod i to , 382
4 66 Mem oir s of the Am er i
ca n Fol k -L or e Soci
ety .

River cla im ed b y hero 2 63 , . Sa ck by sea , he r o co n fin ed i

n,

Rob b er fool a s 340 fl 349

, , .
, . 1 92 . 433

you n ges t b rother b ecom es s ki l fu ll of w o rds ,

2 7 9.

fu l , 1 1 7. Sa dd le, m a g i c fly i n g , 1 7 8 , 34 8 .

Rob b ers frig hten ed by ro pe , a x e , Sa in t l eg en d o f P a ete , 4 02 403

—
.

h or n , d ru m , 46 . Sa i
’
nt s i m a g e m a k es b a d w om an
kill ea ch other 2 38 , . ug ly .3 4
2

killed b y m a g ic w ea p o n s ,
2 2 9, ug ly fe b ea u tifu
wi l , 3 4
2 .

2 35 . St . P eter an d th e p o o r w om an ,
s tea l o rp han s p u rse 2 38 ’
, . 2 85 2 86 .
-

Rock fl ies op en a t tou ch of m a g ic Sa le of as hes , a ttem p ted , 1 84,

k ey. 1 74 438
Rockin g cha ir , Sa ta n
-
bou n d fa s t to an i
m a s, l 352 -
353 .

i
n, 2 12. Sa liva as i
n k , 2 04 .

R od r i
g o d e Villa s ,
27 . Sa le? defin ed , 1 89 .

“
Rom a n lla u m e de Dole,
de G u i Sa l t del i
b era tely left ou t o f food ,

2 56 . 59
Rom a n o l ette
de la Vi 2 56 , . loa d o f, ca r r i
ed by coli
ng i
n

Rom an du Com te de P oi ti
ers , fli g h t co n te-
s t, 409 .

2 56 . Sa l t b ri
-
ck s u sed to b u i ld p a la ce,
Rom a n cero Ge n era l , ( N0 . 2
4 5 ~

1 26 3 ) 358 . ( No 1 2 6 4) 359. . Sa lut (Ta g a l og n a m e fo r p e sti

( No . 1 265 ) 2 44 . 22 2 (n ote) .

Rooster be qu ea thed by dyi

ng Sa n d , r op e o f. See Ta s k s .

fa ther to son , 359 . th row n by Sa ta n , b ecom es

Root seized for foot 44 4 , . sw a r m l ocu s ts 399
of , .

Root seized for leg h oa x 37 8

- - -
, 37 9 , . Sa n da l s m a g i
, c fl yi n g 1 73 , .

R ope , g o i
n g b a ck to g e t, fo r Sa ta n p ra yed to for o fl s p r i
ng 21 1 , .

fa ther , 2 72 . s ee Devil .

m a de of hu s k s , d em a n ded , Sa ta n a s i
n s u ts G o d , 399 l .

4 34 Sca r ecrow , 32 6 .

c, th a t ti
m a gi es up en em i
es , Scou rg i
ng as m edi
ca l tr ea tm en t,

1 78 . 1 4, 16 .

s how n fo r ha ir , 6
4 , 47 , 49 , Scy the be qu ea thed by d i
ngy
53 434 . fa ther to s on , 359 .

u sed in s ca lin g tow er , 6

35 , Sea , he ro p r ete n ds to ha ve re

358 cei
ved tr ea s u r es fro m b o ttom
R ope -
Ma k er of B a g da d , sto r y of, 1 88 .

of, 1 40 f .
p r od u ced b y dropp i ng w hi
te
Roth . 34 . 37 4 384 . h a n dk erch ief, 2 80 .

R ou se , W . H D . .
,
26 5 . Sea rch for u n s p o tted w o m a n fo r
n g m a tch b etween hero s Ki n g o f Dem on s 30 7 308
’
Ru nni -
,
—
.

ki ch a m p i Secr et o f k in g s hi
dd en d a u g h te r
’ ’
an d ng s on s , 2
9 ,
di
s covered , 1 7 9, 1 98 .
 li
Fi pin o P opu la r Ta les . 6
4 7

Secrets o f cha s te w i fe l ea r n ed b y Silon g defin ed 342 , .

in tr i
g u er , 2 50 . Sin h a lese ( Ceyl on ) s to r i
es , 431

Seed bla m es deer , 39 1 .

44 5 p a ssi
m .

Seed s , g u ess i ng n u m b er of in , Si
n u k u an as j u dg e of ani
m a s, l
oran g e o r m e o n l ,
2 6 . 8
3 5 .

Self tran sform a ti

-
on m agi c l
a s r u er o f u n i
ver se , 2
4 ,2 2
4 3 .

fl ig h t n ot fou n d in F il ip in o Si
r en a descr i
b ed , 1 94 .

s to r i es , 1 68 . Si
s ter s , tw o g ood and b a d 32 5 , .

Sepa r a b le sou l , 1 7 1 , 1 74 1 7 5 1 7 8 -
, . tw o orp ha n , s to l en b y tw o
Seven hea ded m on s ter 2 92 2 93
- —
, .
g i
a n ts , 1 75 .

Sha k es p ea r e , 2 57 . Si
x m es , tou ch m a g i
ti c ri
ng , to
Sha m m i n g dea d , 384 . su m m on hel p , 3 1 2 .

Sha rk a s s tu p i d s ea an i m a l , 377 -
. Sk ea t, 1 1 4 , 1 16 , 390 .

Sheep , g old cover ed , u sed to d i

-
s Skiful l co m pa n i
o n s , 19 f, . 89
cover th i ef , 6 8 . 1 16 , 433 .

g o l d -
p r od u c i
n g , 37
2 . en u m era ted , I 15 .

see Ta s k s . l l
Sk ifu Com pa n i
on s c ceyl com

Sheet s to len from u n der s eep i

ng l p ed
a r th R i
wi va l B rother s ,
p erson , 74 127 —
1 2 8.

Shell o rn a m en ts , m a g i
c, 3 5
2 . Sk i ll con tes t
-
b etw ee n won der fu l
Shell o f cr a b p l a n ted 31 4 i d i h
’
, . com p a n o n s a n k n g s c a m
Shep herd , hero d isg u ised as lep p i
o n s ,
24 .

rou s 2 83. ll tes ts b etween

Sk i -
l
c ever t h ieves ,

as Neg ro ,
281 .
4 35
Shep herds , fou r , m a ke fu l
b ea u ti Skin , fo r tu n e te i
ng, -
ll 1 95 .

w om an , 1 30. fr ig h ten s rob b ers u n der tr ee ,

Sh i
p r ep a i
r ed at sea b y m a gi
c

s to n es , 1 1 9. l
sa e o f, for 1 000 p es o s , 1 8 4 .

s ti
tch ed tog et er h by s ki u lf l fo r 500 pesos , 1 89 .

l
ta ior , 436 . Sk y hi t b y w o od en m a llet, 42 7 .

tha t tra ve s on l la n d 94 —
95 , 1 10 .
p i
e r ced b y p
s ea r , 4
2 7 .

see Ta sk s . su pp o r ted b y a n ge ls , 4 2 6 .

Shoei
ng horse on th e ru n , 1 2 7 . Sk y i
s fa ll in g 34 ,
”
.

Shoes i n roa d : tr ick o f m a s ter Sk y -

r ea ch in g p l a n t 2 85 , .

th ief , 74 . Sla ve , Neg r i

to , s tor y of , 2 87 —2
89 .

n g , w hen cro ss i
w ea r i n g ri
ve r 6 1 , Sleep over com es hero twi
ce at

cr i
tica l tim e , 1 62 .

Shooti
ng con tes t to
-
wi
n ha n d of p r even ted b y g as h on fin g er ,
p r i
n cess , 1 2 2 . 1 63 .

Shrew d ri
ves la zy hu sb a n d from Sleep in g k in g k idn a p ped b y
h om e ,
2 31 . qu een 6 0 , .

Si
ck n es s ca u sed l en ter in g
b y devi Sl i
pp e g o l d
r,en l os t b y fl eein g ,

bod y 2 1 6 , . heroin e , 3 5
1 .

“
dd h iK lir
Si -N
( o , . 13 ) 1 33. i
den ti
fies heroin e , 3 .
1 6
4 6 8 Mem oir s of the A m eri
ca n F ol k L or e Soci
ety -
.

Sl i
pp er of g o ld u sed to con vi
ct Sp y g la ss o f Ki
-
n g As u ero , 32 2 .

fa lse in tr ig u er 2 51 2 54 , , . Squ a s h See Ta sk s. .

Sm otheri ng of hu n chb a ck ed Squ id con dem n ed a lw a ys to ca r ry

b rother s i n la w den ta l
a cci - -
, , p ou ch o f m u d , 4 2 0 .

th row s m u d on Go d s a p p oi
’
2 66 . nt

Sn a il a s hou sek eeper , 4 1 8 . m en ts , 1

4 9 .

Sn a il s rela y ra ce w ith deer , 42 9 Sq u irr el as an im a l wi fe 2 46

'
. .
,

en d ly , g i
Sn a k e , fr i ves hero g o ld fl a tters ha w k , 395 396
—
.

ri
n g . 2 2 4 . 4 35 c p r op hes y i
Sta fl , m a g i n g , 1 77 .

g i
v en p ow e r fu l p o i
so n b y Go d , Sta g , on e o f form s of B od h i
s atta ,

398 337
g r a te u f l , i
v
g es her o c mi
m a gi r Sta r forehea d 31 1
on , .

ro r , 87 . Sta tu e as b en efa ctor 2 37 , .

g u a r d i
a n o f tr ee , 1 7 2 , 1 77 . Sta tu es two g i ve h er o
, , a d vi
ce,

dem a n ds th r ee d a u g h 2 02 .

ter s a s r a n som , 1 72 . Stea i

ng l eg g s from u n der bi
rd,

m a k es h er o
439 ri
ch , .
4 34
m a n ea ti n g , g row i
-
n g from devi l Steel Tem p le,
- 2 6 5, 8
33 , N
( O .

p r i
n ce
’
s s h o u de r ,
2 6 1 l . XX I ) 378 .

Sn a k e
’
s l ife b ou g ht for five cen ts , Step m other cru el
-
, , 24 1 , 3 4
1 f .

22 7 . e n g on r i
St pp i ce p o t,
-
346 .

Sn a k c a rm
e- h , b on e from b oa
’
s Steps on e hu n dred l ea g u es a pa r t,

ta i con s i l
dered , 1 1 5 1 1 6 —
. 27.

s ecu r ed by her o , 90 . Sti c, tha t b ea ts

ck , m a g i en em i
es ,

Sn a k e -
j ew el ,
2 26 .

So a p b ecom es m ou n ta i
n , 1 70 . Sti
n g - ra y a pp o i
n ted ser g ea n t a t -

l
So i, tr ea d i
ng o n ow n , 344 345
-
. a rm s b y G od 4 1 9 , .

So ld i
er -
t of
su i h er o , 2 08 , 2 1 0 . Stok es , Ma ive , 1 77 , 2 37 , 2 46 2 4 7 , —

Son , hu s b a n d , and b ro th er co n 26 5 .

dem n ed to dea th , 2 58 . Ston e , b u r n i

ng, of d r a g on s , oh

Sop h oc es , l 260 . ta in ed , 2 2 5 .

Sp a des s h ow n fo r fin g er n a is , 53 -
l . en o r m ou s , hero rolls h om e ,
26 .

ll
Sp a r row k i s hea r t ess w a g on e r , l r em ova l of , 2 1 , 23 .

3 8 1 . m agi
c, fu r n ished b y g r a tefu l
Sp a r r ow h a w k
-
le n ds b r a ce et to l m o n s ter 82 f , .

co ck , 4 5
1 . s tolen b y w i tch 83 8 4 ,
—
.

Sph i
nx as fe r r m y an , 306 . Ston es tw o m a g i, c fig h ti
n g 228 , .

nn i
Sp i ng -
s ti
ck b ecom es m on k e ys
’
hea l in g 1 1 8 1 1 9 2 31 ,
—
, .

l
ta i, 4 1 4 . Stra p a ro la , 1 14, ( v .
3) 2 68 2 69 , -

Sp i
rit, 281 .
( x x . 1 ) 335 .

tt e b ecom es w i
Sp i l de sea , 1 6 3, Stra w -
s ta ck b u r n ed by j a ck a l ,

16 8 .
37 9
Sp o o n s , m a gi
c, a lw a ys fu ll of Str o n g Ha n s ,
24, 4 33 .

foo d ,
2 35 . Su b s ti
tu te for ex ecu tion f,
m oti
see Ta sk s .
433
47 0 Mem oirs of ca n F olk L or e Soci
the A m eri ety -
.

Ta sk s (con tin u ed ) Th ir ty p i
eces of s iver , l ki
ng

s hee t , to s tea l from , u n der s eep l w o r th less th an ,

2 88 .

i
n g p er so n , 7 4 . Thorn s da n ci
ng i
n 2 40
, , .

s hi
p , to fu r n is h g o de n , 94 l .
“
Those w h o s ti
nk a re dea d ,

to fu r n i sh a n d a n d w a ter , l - -
34 . 34 7
0

1 10 Thou sa n d O n e Da y s , 22 1
and .

s p oo n s , to m ake tw e ve, l fr om Thou sa n d and O n e Ni g h ts

"
.

i
p n. a n Ni
See A ra bi gh ts .

s q u as h , to p u t la rg e , i
n j ar Th ree da ys , m a g i
c dee r s hi
’
de
wi
th ou t b r ea k i
ng ei
t er , h 6
5 , k ep t i
n tr u n k , 2 96 .

58 . 6 2 6 3. 434
-
Th r ow i
ng o f a pp es l to i
n ten ded

s ton e , b u rn i
ng, to g e t from h u sb a n ds 44 1 , .

d ra g on , 2 2 5 . r efu se fa r a w a y 34 5 , .

ti fi h ki Thu m b d r i ven from co m pa n y

'

g er , to g t n g s , 2 2 5. of

w a ter , to d r i
nk a ll the fresh ,
fin gers 4 1 7 , .

n th e w o r ld ,
i 44 2 88 , 1 . Th yes tea n b a n qu et, 37 4 .

w a ves , to ca tch , 55, 58 , 6 2 Tigba la n g (evil s p irit) , or i

g i
n of,

w hea t, to p a n t, a n d b r i ng l 2 1 8.

th i
wi n a da y b r ea d m a de Ti
g er her o,fig h ts a n d o ver com es ,

fr om i
t, 16 1 , 16 7 . 224 f
.

wri
te a ccu r a te ly from di
cta Tin tin g 344 , .

ti
o n , to , 2 05 . a m on ds cy cle 32 5 f
Toa ds a n d Di ,

Ta w n ey C H , . .
, 1 0,39 ( n o te ) , 4 1 ,
6
3 3 .

1 2 8, 167, 16 8 1 77 , ,
226 , Tok en : r in g in ser ted i
n eg 88 , .

2 55. Tom tom sh ow n fo r eye 434

-
, .

Tea r s of p a r en ts ca u se for get Ton g u e o rder ed tor n ou t fo r fa lse

fu ln ess , 1 64 . a ccu sa ti
on , 4 0 .

Telescope m a g i c 1 35 , , . Top , hero ta k es en or m ou s , th

wi
Ten hea ded m o n s ter 2 93
-
, . hi
m on tra ve ls ,
26 .

Tes ti l fu l b rothers 436

n g of sk i , . To r to i
se and8
37 37 9 j a ck a l ,
—
.

“
The Tw a Kn i g h ts
"
( C h l
i d No , . a s s tu p i
d w a ter a n i
-
m a , 37 8 37 9 l -
.

see a so l Tu r tle .

Theft b y d i i
gg g
n th r ou g h ce a r , ll Tow er , b le ,
n a cces s i
i p r i
n ces s

65 . l ock ed i
n , 356 .

n g th rou g h ro of , 70
b y en ter i . r es cu ed fr om , 357 .

Th i
ef a ttem p ts to i
, den ti fy , 6 7 sca ed l
b y her o , 357 .

68 . m a gi c, r a ised o ver n ig h t,
2 05 .

b ehea ded b y fr ien d 66 , . tr a n s form ed i n to b ea u tifu l

b y so n . 435 p a a ce l
,
2 07 .

ca u g ht in tr a p , 66 . Tra il of w hite ston es 300 , .

sco ver ed b y ej a cu la ti
di on g u es s , Tra n s form a ti
on a ttr i
b u ted to
1 4 cu rse , 1 51 1 52 : 437
-
. '
,

Th i
eves , ll
s k i co n tes t,
-
b etween i
n to deer , ni
g h tin g a le , ca n a r y,

th e two , 6 9 7 0 —
. d o s . l 45
 lipin o P opu la r Ta les
Fi .
47 1

Tran sform a ti
on of dog i
n to Tu r tle decei
ves j a ck a l ,

w om a n , 36 2 . liza rd
384 , .

o f m o n k e -
wi y
fe b y hu r in g her l d row n ed b y m o n k e ys , 6
3 7 .

a ga i
n s t w a , 2 46 , 2 4 8 ll . h
ex c a n g es p l a ces th m on k e
wi y
Tra n sfor m a ti
on C om b a t -
c c e, yl a n d es ca p es , 37 0 .

I 4549 437
4 . in j u r es m o n k ey 36 8 , .

Tra n sfor m a ti
on ki lls m on k ey w ith p o i
n ted
s tick s , 36 7 .

Tra n sm i
g r a tion 1 44 4 5
1 ,
-
. se lls m on k e y fl esh -
to m on k e ys ,

Tra pper ca tches m on k ey 333 , . 6

3 7 37
. 1

Trea cherou s b r others 1 58 f 1 6 5 , .

, , w hy, ca r r i
ed hou se 8
3 5 , .

f Tu r tle s l y th ca ra b a o ,
wi
'
1 69 . re a r a ce

Trea su re , h idden , lea rn ed of i

n 4 2 8 f .

d rea m , 304 . Tu sk s of l ha n t show n

e ep fo r
Tred i a cevo l i No tti
”
ci p i , teet h , 434 .

”
s) 1 34 Tfitin am a h
-
, ( No .
5) 129

Tree ca r r i
ed b y her o , 1 8, 2 5 f .

dressed as b ri
de to foo l to r to i
se , Twelve hea ded m on s ter 2 94
-
, .

37 8 Tw o W i
ves a n d th e W i
tch The , ,

fu rn ishes in ex ha u s tib le p u rse ,

2
3 4
-
2
3 5
11 . Tyi
ng up c h ick en s , 351 .

m a gi les 2 35
c a r ti
c , .

ficen t eq u i
m agn i p m en t , 3 5
1 . Um b r ella open ed on ly u n der tr ees ,

g rows fr om fin s of fis h 31 8 , .

from s hell of cra b 31 4 , . Un cle en vi, ou s 1 92 1 95 ,

-
.

wi l
e ded b y s tr on g m an a g a i
n st Un der g rou n d tu n n el 36 4 44 3 , , .

hos tile a rm y 1 1 2 , . Un dersk i r t a ccep ted as p roo f of

Trees shower b less in g s on ki

nd fe
wi fa ith les sn es s 2 53
’
s . .

w om a n , 32 5 . Un fa ithfu l w i fe clothes s to len ,

Tree-tr u n k show n fo r leg , 52 . from b y lover 392 , , .

Trun k , s m oth ered i

n , 2 66 . ta u n ts foo l is h j a ck a l 392 , .

Tu ba defin ed 44 (n o te)
, , . Un iform foo l don s a n d fr ig h ten s
, ,

Tu b e m a g i
, c ivo r y cu res , a ll o ther r ob b er s 34 9 44 3 , , .

ki n ds of s ick n ess , 1 2 1 . Un n a tu ra l p a ren ts 2 5 , .

r esu scita ti
n g , 1 86 . Un son , Sa lva do r 57 , .

T“bison (b oys g a m e) . 95
’

Tu r tle an d a d u ta n j r d d row n
t bi-
Va n ity , p u n i
s hm en t for , 2 86 .

m on k e ys 374 , . Vessel , se lf cook in g

-
, 1 96 .

a n d m o n k ey 366 i
“ ”
f , . n ga ti
Vetfila pa n ca vi , ( No .

a s hero i n J u a n Ti
fios o va r i
an t , 1 2 9, 11
5 0 1 31 . 1-
33. I 34 , I 37
44 1. ( No . 1 33 ; N
( o . 1 2 8,

brin gs su it a g a in s t fir efly , 8
3 5 f . 1 33.

ca u g h t b y h u n ter 37 0 , . Vio l in , m a gi
c, g i
ven hero i
n re

decei
ves i
g u a n a , 8 8
3 3 3 4
—
. tu rn fo r ki
n d n ess , 2 4 1 , 2 42 .
47 2 M em oi
rs o
f the A m er i
ca n Folk -L or e Soci
ety .

Virgin Ma r y i
v
g es hero m agi
c Wax s ta tu e, m on k e y ca u g ht by
w hi
p, 281. m ea n s O f: 336 337 : 44 2 -

m a k es p oi
son ou s fr u its ed i e , bl Wea pon s m a r vellou s 2 6
, , .

4 00 . Well bu r inca n ta da s killed

, i
n by ,

p ro tects b roth er an d si
s ter , m on k ey 331 , .

2 98 . descen t i
n to , 1 7 0.

V i
r tu ou s wife, stor y o f, 48 2 57
2 -
. esca p e from ,
2 4 , 26 .

Voi ou s , u rg es hero on ,
ce, m ys ter i hero s ton ed in 1 8 , .

1 59 . Wells two con n ected

, , by su b

Von H a hn , 1 7, 5 ,
1 7 ,
2 1 1 4, 16 7 , terra n ea n pa ssa ge , 36 4 .

1 76 , 1 7 7 , 1 83, 2 06 , 2 2 6 , 2 4 7 , Wha e a s s tu p id sea -a n im a

l l , 37 8 .

“
Wh ich died firs t? 1 52 f "
.

Vo n Kn ech t Tr eu rech t, 2 42 . W hip m a g ic g iven her o

, , by
Vow o f p en a n ce for seven yea rs , Virg in Ma r y 2 8 1 , .

2 83 . Who Killed the O tter s ’

Ba
Vu l tu re s tea s l m ea t from j a cka l ,
bi es ? 390 .

392 . Why the a n t is n ot so ven om ou s

a s the s n a k e, 398 399 —
.

Wa g er on w ife s cha s tity 2 49 b a ts fly a t n i h

’
, .
g t, 4 4
0 .

Wa gers : cu leto an d crow 407 408 ,

—
. th e B i co l s ca ll l o cu s ts dor on 4oo , .

h a w k a n d coli ca r a ba o s hoof i s sp l i
'
n g, 408 —
4 9
0 . t 42 9 , .

hu m m in g -
bi
rd an d ca ra b a o , ski n is b ron ze-co l o red ,
393
q l uai and cu li
n g, 407 . i
s ti h t
g , 4 1 1 , 4 1 2 .

W a l k i g on
n on e s o w n
’

g r ou n d , 6
5 , cock cr owed , 386 .

63 . cock s fig h t o n e a n o t er ,
4 03 h .

Wa n d , m agi
c, 2 85 . scra tc h th e g r ou n d , 4 1 6 .

Wa r b etween birds and bea s ts ,

th e cog de p a gode i
s ha l f red ,

8
3 . 444
1 ha lf b la ck , 2
4 4 .

m on k e s y an d d ra g on fl i
es , - cow s s k i
'
n s g o den
i l -
co o red , l
37 9 380
—
4 1 2 .

W a rd ro p , M .
, ( No . x i
v) 7 4 , ( No . i
s loose on th e n eck ,
x v i 1 31 ) —
1 32 .
4 ,
1 0 4 1 2 .

W as h g tu b
i
n -
s for b elly , 52
how n . cra b s ha ve s tro n g cla w s , 4 9
1 .

Wa sp as g u a r d a n d ca rpen ter , th e crocod ie l ’

s sk i
n i
s l ik e a

8 co ffin
—
4 7
1 4 1 .
, 4 9
1 .

cu ts h im self in tw o , 4 1 8 . crow i
s b la ck , 08
4 , 4 0,
1 42 0

W asp n es t a s
-
l cra d e , 4 33 . 2
4 5
W a sp s a s a llies of b irds 38 1 , . i
s ob l iged to h op , 2
4 3,
W a te of in vu l n e a b il ity 348
r r , . 2
4 4
o f s tr en g t h , 2 93, 34 8 . crow s a r e sca ven gers , 42 0 .

W a ter j a r from
-
w hi
ch k i
n g ha d h ick s 4 1 5
ea t c , .

d ru n k , s ha ttered , 57 . ha ve a ha rsh cr y , 4 2 2 .

W a ves . See Ta sk s . th e cu leto i

s ba ld ,
—
4 7 4
0 0 8 .