Kirchhoffs Laws

Reminder: there will be a Quiz on Chapter 1 next Monday (Jan.23)

Review
Electric Circuit Voltage Current Ohms Law
> _ Vs + i

+
R

A more complex circuit

a R1 b R2 c v1 R3 v2

Objective: determine voltage and current in a circuit

Kirchhoffs Voltage Law Kirchhoffs Current Law

Preliminaries
Branch Node Loop Voltage drop / rise

Voltage Drops & Rises Defined

+ a 5V b

The following statements are true and equivalent

There There There

is a 5 V voltage drop from a to b is a 5 V voltage rise from b to a is a -5 V voltage rise from a to b There is a -5 V voltage drop from b to a

The first expression is the most common In most cases, we will be concerned with voltage drops

Kirchhoofs Voltage Law (KVL)

The algebraic sum of all voltage drops around any closed loop is zero

v
m=1

=0

Satisfied around all loops of a circuit

A statement about energy conservation

M : numberof voltages in theloop vm : mth voltage

Kirchhoofs Current Law (KCL)

The algebraic sum of currents entering a node is zero

i
n =1

=0

N : number of branches connected to the node i n : n th current enteringthe node

Satisfied at all nodes of a circuit

A statement about charge conservation Applies to larger, closed region of a circuit (supernodes )

Kirchhoffs Current Law

a . i2 b .

i1
h.

i3 i10

i12 i5

Supernode c .

i4

.i .i
f
9

.d

i11

. g

i8

i7 . i6
e

Application of Kirchhoffs Laws

a

.
+ _

.b
8

.c
- 3V +

5V

.d