.-, ., .

: Auto CAD

1..................................................................................... 2
......................................... 2
.................................................................. 3
Auto CAD ....................................................................... 4
..................................................... 6
............................................................................. 6
.........................................................12
.........................................................................13
.......................................................................15
..................................................................................17
2................................................................................... 19
, ............................................20
, Osnap .........................................20
.......................................................................25
3................................................................................... 39
..................................................39
............................................................43
................................47
(Rotate, Move)............................48
..................................................55
........................................................................56
5................................................................................... 71
3 ..............................................................72
2 ..............................73
..........................................................................74
AutoCAD ....................................................................... 91
: ...............................................................91

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

AutoCAD
1
:
1. , konfiguriran AutoCAD ;
2. (Absolute Coordinates)
OFFSET ;
3. ;
4. (Block);
5. (Block) (Paper Space);
6. ;
7.

1
AutoCAD AutCAD
2000 Start Programs Desktop.
File/New
(metric english
feet and inches), Select template (xxx.dwt)
acad.dwt (
Preview )
.

AutoCAd (
dwt, ime.dwg).
Pocetna.dwg

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

(template) .
.
pocetna.dwg ( ) CAD

.
POCETNA.
AutoCAD File/Open .
: On-line ?
Help (F1)

2
a Save As... File
( Ctrl+Shift+S), ,
Save (Ctrl S).
AutoCADsablon
CAD.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

Auto CAD
3
AutoCAD Model .

1
AutoCAD (Drawing Area),
, .
(Menu Bar) (pull-down menus)
(Tool Bar areas)
.

,

/
.
View/Toolbars
.

(Laerys)
(Layer Status Window)
,
(Status Line)

AutoCAD. (
) (Cursor)

AutoCad.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

. , ,
,
.
(Command Prompt Line)
.
(UCS Icon)
(2) (3) .
(Layout buttons) (Model
Layout) (PAPER Space)
( ).
: (Tool buttons) ("flyouts")
.
: AutoCAD,
(AutoCAD COMMANDS). .
1. ( Pull-down MENUS),
2. (TOOL BARS),
3. (TYPED commands).

,
.
, (short-cut "aliases")
. , ,
AtoCAD.
:
Zoom ( ),
"z" Enter.
.

( )
Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or
[All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Left/Previous/Vmax/Window] <realtime>:
:
AutoCAD . ,
, (Command: prompt).

AutoCAD.
Command:

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

AtoCAD ,

World Coordinate System (WCS). (2 3).

2
2
(x,y) (9,6)
. 9,6
@2,3 2 3 (9,6).

4

Line ( ).

(Drawing
Line
toolbar), Line Draw, L (
Line Line command) Command:
Enter.
:
(NOT case-sensitive).
Specify first point:
0,0 (
) Enter

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

.
X=0 Y=0.
Specify next point or [Undo]:.
262,0 Enter. ( Line command)
Enter.
.
3.
: Command:
Escape Key.

3
.
Line .


.

,
.

z ( Zoom) Command: Enter. :
Specify corner of window, enter a scales factor (nX or nXP), or
[All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/ Previous/Scale/Window] <realtime>:

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

(Options) Zoom "/" (slash)

.
Realtime ( < >) (default option).
Enter.

.
realtime Zoom
.
/ (
/) /
. Esc
Exit.
Zoom

A (All)
Window Zoom
,
. z w windows ,

, ( )

.
Zoom All .
.
: .

Standard
Undo
u Enter Command: .
Erase
, Erase
. Erase
Modify , "e" (alias Erase) Command: .
AutoCAD : Select objects:
.

.
Enter
.
*** Enter taster.***
Line 0,7
262,7.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

4
Command: qsave Enter,
File/Save (Ctrl+S) .
( ) 3-4
.

5
,
Offset. Modify/Offset ,
offset Command: , Offset
Specify offset distance or [Through] <1.0000>, 7 Enter,
Select object to offset or <exit>:

Side to offset ?, ,
7
.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

10

5
: Enter Command: ja
.
Offset 186 mm
(6).
: All Extents Zoom

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

11

6
Absolute Coordinatess,
( ).
(0,0)-(0,200) (262,0)-(262, 200) 7,
.

Slika 7

7
Line Offset:
(131,0) - (131,14), (70,0)(70,7) (192,0)- (192,7), , 8.

Slika 8

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

12

8
(Layer).
Layer Status Window,
:

Text e (Layer Name).

. Text layer Layer Status Window.
Layer Properties Manager dialogue box,
Layer
.
(Left mouse button)
, Current OK . a Current

.
Layer Status Window
( ).
.
. Text, Single
Line Text, Draw Menu dtext Command:
. :
Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]:
2,2 Enter (Left Lower Corner)
. "rubber band" .
Esc
( 9).
Specify height: <2.5>: 3 Enter.
Specify Rotation angle of text <0>: Enter
(horizontal

orientation).
OK : AutoCAD,
Enter Command: . Enter
Dtext (AutoCAD ja ).
2,9.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

13

Specify height: <3>,

. AutoCAD
Enter. Enter .
0
Enter .
"rubber band :
( ) Enter.
Dtext:
72,2 : AutoCAD .
133,9 :
133,2 :
202,2 : ( ,
)
0 (0 Layer) Command: Save.

9


(BLOCK) Layout 1
.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

14

BLOCK
. ( Copy /
Paste
. : ,
INSERT

.
0
Layer Status Window 0. 0 e
Layer Status Window.

block Command:
Enter Draw/Block
Make.
10.
Name: SablonNaslov
Slika 10
( e).
Objects,
Select objects . AutoCAD


. :






, Enter
Block.
Block Basepoint.
MODEL PAPER Space. (
).
Basepoint, Pick point
(absolute coordinates) X, Y, Z.
Pick point AutoCAD
. (0,0,0). OK
.
(ERASE) ,
. Undo
MODEL Space .

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

15

10
INSERT (SablonNaslov ) Layout 1
.
AutoCAD Model,
Layout1 Layout2. ( )
MODEL Space. . MODEL Space
(three-dimensional space). MODEL
Space AutoCAD. Layouts, MODEL Space,
(PAPER Space),
. Layouts
, .
Layouts .
.
Layout 1
Page Setup 11.
OK.

11
Page Setup ,
Layout 1 12.
. Layout PAPER
Spac . (Viewport)
MODEL Space
.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

16

12
Layout 1 .
(viewport) Model Spac
. AutoCAD
Paper Space ( ).

ERASE
(
Esras) Command: Enter. .
PAPER Space
. Layout 1
.

INSERT

,
Insert/Block...
.

Name:
.

.

Browse
. Insert .
Layout 1 . SablonNaslov
.
.
.
.
. .

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

17

11
.
Settings... Printer.
( ).
.
Set as Default
.
AutoCAD File/Plot comanda
plot print, Enter Command:
Printer

Plot Device/Plot Settings . Name:

, .
Plot Settings .
13:
-

radio button Paper size mm.

Paper size, Letter size paper (Letter 8 1/2 x 11

Drawing orientation, radio button Landscape.

Plot area, Extents radio button
. AutoCAD "extent" .
1:1 Scale.
Plot offset, : Center the plot.
Plot Options Plot
with Plot Styles.

in)

****
.
.
.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

18

13
- Full preview ,
. Print Preview
. EXIT,
Plot .
- Full Preview ,
.
14.

14
AutoCAD, quit Command:
File/Exit.
: AutoCAD.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

19

AutoCAD
2
:
1. CIRCLE, TRIM
LINE ;
2. (NaslovShablon)
3. (scale).

:
1. AutoCAD

;
2. (short-cuts)
.
( case-sensitive);
3. (Command: prompt)
, Esc (Escape);
4. AutoCAD (default selection).
Enter
.
: Circle :
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
1.
. [2P, 3P, Ttr]
.
2. AutoCAD
.
,
.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

20

,
, Osnap

1

1.
AutoCADSablon.dwg.
Save As... AutoCADvezba1,
.
: Model , Layout 1 .

Erase .
, Layout 1 ,
.

2

. Absolute Coordinates.
Relative Rectangular Coordinates, Relative Polar
Coordinates Object Snap (Osnap).
Absolute Coordinates
1 . Line

1. Line 1 30 mm
0,0 30,0. (

0,0 30,0
Enter;
2. Line 2 25mm
0,0
3. Line 3 15mm
10,10
( 15 mm
10,25)
1

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

21

: Relative
Rectangular Coordinates Object Snaps (Osnap). Object snaps
AutoCAD
. Object Snaps,

Osnap . Osnap
. Osnap
Osnap toolbar ,

. View/Toolbars...
check box Osnap,
.
.

.
-
. .
(Relative Rectangular Coordinates)

.
(RELATIVE locating method).
1. Line 4 (midpoint) Line 3
. Line ,
Specify first point: Midpoint
Osnap . Midpoint
Osnap
Osnap mid

Line 3 ,
.
AutoCAD
.
@10,10. @
( 10
X 10 Y
,
3, S 2.
2. 5 2 25
X-oska 25 Y-
2.
3. Line 6 Line 3 ( Endpoint
Osnap) 20mm (
).

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

22

. AutoCAD 0
( )
. 90, 180 270
-90 . @D<A D
A . @10<90
10. Polar Coordinates.

7, 8 9 .
1. Line 7 Lines 3 6
( Intersection Osnap (
int) 20mm 45 ,
@20<45 .
2. Line 8 Line 2
( Endpoint Osnap) 15 mm
30
3. Line 9 Line 1
( Endpoint Osnap) 15 mm
-30.

3
.
.
Inquiry
Distance. dist Command: prompt Specify
first point:, Endpoint Osnap ,
Specify second point:, Endpoint Osnap
. , .

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

23

3
. 4,
( 1).

.

**Zabele{ki
Undo Line
.
AutoCAD
. Line

Endpoint Osnap .
Zoom

. Realtime All
Zoom .

.

:
AutoCAD . Zoom factor
. (0,0).
ucsicon Command: :

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

24

Enter an option [ON/OFF/ALL/Noorigin/ORigin/Properties] <ON>:

n, Norigin, Enter.

1. ( Line Absolute Coordinates).

Line (0,0)
260 mm . Enter Line
. Zoom
,
.

5
2. ( o Relative Polar Coordinates).
Line END Osnap
. 160mm
90 . Line . 6.
3. "rubber bandlike" Line
.
.

6
4. , 260mm 180
, 7.
LINE .
Osnap
.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

25

7
5. Osnap
. 8.

**: Erase
.

4
circles
(arcs).

(edit)

.
Tangent Radius (Ttr) ( Circles Ttr).
9 .

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

26

80mm (radius) Ttr

40mm .
Undo

Erase

5
(trim)
13.
Trim
. (trim)
, 10.
**: Trim (cutting edge)
.
.
.

10
Trim ()
11.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

27

11

Erase 12. oops Undo
.

12
qsave Command: prompt,
.

6
. Trim
13
**:
.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

28

13
Use qsave to save your changes.

7
(polygon)
14

14

AutoCAD .

.

Rotate

Explode
(editing).

Polygon

Center Osnap.

Hexagon
(concentric) (circumscribed)
(radius) 30mm .
(flats).

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

29

.
Plines .
0 XY
(plane). AutoCAD.
90
Y-). ( Rotate).
(basepoint)
Center Osnap (arc) 15.

15

16
.

16
**: ,

.
.
,
.

, Explode.
.

. Erase
( 17) .

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

30

17

8
Extend

, 18.

18
Extend

**: (
)
.

.
AutoCAD

.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

31

9
( 19) Trim
.

19
_qsave_

10
.
40mm 40mm . 90
, 20.
Absolute, Relative Rectangular Relative Polar Coordinates
, Trim .

20

11
21
.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

32

21
Center layer.
startpage, 1

.
AutoCAD, sloj 0 (layer 0) ( AutoCAD).
startpage (line types), (line
colors) (line weights) . AutoCAD
BYLAYER (assignment BYLAYER).
line type, line color line weight ( ).
, Center
Layer. ( ).
Center layer. Layer
Status Window ( 22)
22
:
1. (VISIBLE) .. ON.
(yellow light bulb).

(toggles) .

.
2. (THAWED)
(yellow sun)
(thawed) .

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

33

(snowflake)
, .
.
3. UNLOCKED
, .
4. (COLOR)

5. (NAME) (0).
.
CENTER Layer Layer Status Window
. .
__

qsave__

:
0 AutoCAD
.
.
classtemplate MODEL
MODEL SPACE. Insert Block...
Block Browse . acadtutor2
OK, Block. OK
.
. Enter
Command: prompt. Save as...
classtemplate acadtutor2 .
Explode .
:
Block.
Explode.
, Move
.

**:
.

Layer Status Window ( 22).
Layer Status
,
Layer Status Window. Escape
.

Layer Status Window.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

34

. 10mm
.
.. 20mm
(
titleblock)
.
, Circle
(default option) Center Osnap
( Circle
Osnap Center ). 100mm,
60mm.
: Center Osnap,
( )
( 23).

23

Quadrant Osnap (
) 24 25.
: "diamond"
"snaps" .

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

35

24

25

100mm.
26. Erase .

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

36

26
0 k.
Center Layer, k
. qsave

12

. Layout 1 ,
. Layout 1 .
Layout 1 ,
. "cut"
window VIEWPORT (Paper Space),
Model Space .
VPORTS.
: vports
Command: prompt, Viewports View,
Viewports .
vports Command: prompt.
Viewports toolbar View/Toolbars...
Viewports check box.
Close Toolbar
. Viewports (
) .
Viewport toolbar (single viewport)
Single viewport. AutoCAD Layout 1 screen.
viewport. Endpoint
Intersection Osnap titleblock.
Osnap , za
titleblock Enter

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

37

Vport 27.
titleblock.

27
titleblock.
STANDARD SCALE.
fit option
. 1:2 (half
size) . :
(scale factor) Viewports toolbar Zoom
XP.

(viewport edge). B
,
, (viewport), 28. This is because the viewport
is on top of the titleblock line. See Figure 28.

28
ot (viewport)

1:2,

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

38

z zoom Command: tipkame .5XP Enter.

Zoom XP PAPER Space ,
1:1 ( ). vports Command: prompt. Viewports
. Single OK.
.

13
NaslovenBlok.
Explode
. NaslovenBlok
ddedit. ddedit .

AutoCAD 2 :,
DATUM:
1:2 SKALA:
qsave.

14
. Plot (
) 1:1.
Full Preview, OK. qsave
EXIT.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

39

AutoCAD
3
:
4. ,
(User Coordinate System);
5.
;
6. ROTATE MOVE
;
7. HIDE
;
8.
RENDER
;
9. , .

1
CAD AutoCAD
(three-dimensional models)
- (two-dimensional drawings).
(Cartesian
System) X, Y, Z-. 3
,
.
User Coordinate System (UCS). UCS
(0,0,0)
,
.
(two-dimensional
(flat) drawings) (default coordinate
orientation), (WORLD Coordinate System
-WCS).
,

.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

1, World
Coordinate System (WCS).
(
XY )

.
UCSICON, .

ucsicon Command: :
[ON/OFF/All/Noorigin/ORigin/Properties]<OFF>:
p, Properties, Enter.

UCSICON
Properties

.
2D ( 2)
2-

AutoCAD's

World Coordinate System

(WCS).

Slika 2

W
( 3).
AutoCAD

WCS.
WORLD Coordinate System
(WCS)

X, Y, Z
,
X,Y-,
.

40

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

2, WCS,
,
..
X,Y ..
X- 0
360
XY ,
270
90
Z-.
2

WCS,
(top view) 3.
:

.
3
,

-
(viewpoint)
.
Vpoint.

AutoCAD,

viewpoint
.
,

,
(.

) .
4
( Z
5
().

4. WCS

.
Viewpoint,

41

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

WORLD Coordinate System

.


. **

(RIGHT HAND
RULE) X , Y-
Z- ,
90
.

6
,
,

( 6 7).
6
(
, FRONT).

(User Coordinate System).

( RIGHT SIDE).

2
AutoCADsablon.dwg 1
AutoCADvezba3.dwg Save As...

42

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

43

Model tab, (MODEL

Space). 3- .
(viewpoint).
Viewpoint.
Vpoint
Rotate Vpoint
300 XY 35 XY
8.. WCS 9.

8
9
AutoCAD grid .
(Status Line) GRID (
).

(GRID - ) WCS (
UCS).
: XY (
XY ) UCS
WCS ( )

3
,
BOX. (PRIMITIVE),
(BOOLEAN
Operations) .
View/Toolbar SOLIDS toolbar,
.

Box).

Box

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

44

10
0,0,0. 60,40,
XY 40.
10. .
(WIREFRAME
mode).
: AutoCAD
Z- .
.
.

11

.
WIREFRAMES
.

,
.

AutoCAD.
11
.

4
.
WCS.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

45

Box. (
12). Endpoint Osnap
Midpoint Osnap .
**: Intersection Osnap .
12

CEnter

. :

Box

Specify corner of box or [Center] <0,0,0>:.

"ce" Enter. midpoint
Osnap

.
@-20,-10,20
13.

13
. .

. Subtract ( )
(Boolean Operation).
, 14.
: Subtract
( )
( ).

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

46

14
Subtract
. Render.
AutoCAD,
.
.
Render
,
.
11
.
,

.
regen
Command:
.

Render
( )
.
Escape (Esc) 15
regen .

AutoCAD 16,
Hide (
Hide).

.
Render.
.

regen.

AutoCAD
.

16

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

47

Render Hide
undo
.

UCS (User
Coordinate System), XY ramnina (Front
face). . ucs Command:
orthoGraphic, Front.
dducs (dd) Command: ,
( 17). Front UCS ,
UCSICON AutoCAD UCS.
: dd,
.

17

6
UCS (Front),

. : UCS
Cylinder

,

XY UCS.


(

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

48

18) .
Cylinder.
18
10 Midpoint
-50. .
:
Z- .
Subtract
.
19. .

19

(Rotate, Move)

7
World Coordinate System.
k UCS. ucs
Command: World. : UCS
W.
Wedge ( ),
30.
. wedges
, .

.
30,30, 20, ( 20).

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

20

WEDGE.

ROTATE

MOVE.

-90
.
,
(Base point)

.
Endpoint Osnap

21.

(-90).
:
270 .
21
22.

49

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

50

22

()
MOVE (
MOVE).


23.

23

,

,

(
24).

24

25. .

25

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

51

8

(wedge). (
) ( )
Cylinder XY
UCS .
AutoCAD UCS
. 3Point UCS (
UCS ).
UCS, New 3point (
26). origin point, Osnap
1. X-,
2, Y-,
3. UCS
27.

26

27

UCS
(widget). 28.
Midpoint , cylinder 5 20.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

28

52

29

(Subtract)
, 29,
.
, UNION
.
UNION. (Erase) , .

30

9

1.
Layout1 ( ) Layout1
. ,
(viewport) .

VPORTS Single Viewport
. :
(viewport).

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

53

Layout1, viewport . :

(viewport),
. Viewport Toolbar
2:1 (Scale window)
.

PAN
.
,
Explode .
ddedit
, . ,
SCALE:
2:1. 31.

31
Plot
. Properties.
(viewport) . prop Command:
Properties Modify. Properties
, 32. Hide plot Yes.
: Alphabetic Categorized,
. .

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

54

32

Plot ( )

.

(contour) mesh lines

AutoCAD
Hide plot .

33.

34
DISPSILH (Display Show silhouettes).

dispsilh Command:
Options... Display Show
silhouettes wireframe
Tools. : Enter
new value for DISPSILH <0>: 1,
Enter.

33

Plot

(
PLOT ).
Full Preview
OK
.

34

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

55

AutoCAD
4
:

10. (User Coordinate System)

11. (multiview)
SOLVIEW SOLDRAW.

1
(
)
(Multiview Drawing),
.
World Coordinate Systems (WCS) User
Coordinate System (UCS).
**: WCS AutoCADSablon 2D
( 1), UCSICON. ucsicon
Command: prompt, Properties , UCSICON
2D .
Carteziev koordinaten sistem X, Y Z
. UCS UCS
WCS. AutoCAD
.
W UCSICON WORLD Coordinate System, a XY
Z .

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

56

4
2
AutoCAD

.

AutoCAD

().

AutoCAD
.



.

2

t4solid.
.
AutoCADSablon MODEL
Model

Block... INSERT t4solid.dwg

. Browse
INSERT t4solid
(0,0,0).
** Extents
Zoom 6

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

57

5
4
Save As... .
,
EXPLODE,
.
EXPLODE
.
.

(, .. - XY )
6,
Rotate
Vpoint ( ).
300 X- XY 35
XY .

6
7
, .

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

58

8 3D model.
WCS (World Coordinate System),
W WCS .
Vpoint

4 4 vport ( 9),
TILED Viewports Vport. (
Vports).

9
Tiled Viewports .
tilemode, ,
.
AutoCAD
(viewport) Vpoint. ,
Vpoint,
(Top), (Front) (Right side)
. ( Rotate option Vpoint ).
.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

59

(TOP View) :
viewport (
). ,
.
Vpoint Rotate .
angle IN the XY Plane, 270.
angle FROM the XY Plane, 90.
(FRONT) :
FRONT ( ),
Vpoint Rotate .
IN the XY Plane, 270.
FROM the XY Plane, 0.
RIGHT SIDE :
RIGHT SIDE ( ),
VPOINT Rotate .
IN the XY Plane, 0.
FROM the XY Plane, 0.
10 .

10

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

60

(
.
.
(pictorial view)
.
Osnap
. ( ).
.
WORLD Icon ,

(Front) (Right Side).
XY World Coordinate Plane WCS
.
Single viewport,
300 IN the XY Plane 35 FROM the XY plane.

3

Solview Soldraw.
2 .
(MODEL SPACE)
,
(PAPER SPACE (Layout) )
(titleblock).
. 11 12

( Layout1).
11
12
Layout1 k
AutoCAD ( 13).
.
:
Status Bar PAPER .
MODEL, Paper
(viewport) . titleblock Layout

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

61

13
PAPER Space MODEL
Space.
(virtual "piece of paper."). AutoCAD
PAPER SPACE. UCS

Paper
Space

14).
14
PAPER SPACE (OPAQUE sheet of paper)
. AutoCAD - (viewport)
, .

.
,
.
("floating" viewports) .


(
). TILED VIEWPORTS.
"FLOATING" Viewports
TILED Viewports. Viewports Paper Space
(STATIC "snap shot") (PAPER side of Paper Space)
(DYNAMIC "modifiable") (MODEL side of Paper Space). Floating viewports
, ,
. Paper
Space (Layout) PAPER MODEL
Paper Space MODEL PAPER Status Bar
( 15).

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

62

15
PAPER side of Paper Space (Layout),
(Paper image) . 2D
. PAPER side
of Paper Space (Layout) .
.
MODEL side of Paper Space, viewports
.
, .
(t4solid
) classtemplate.
Solview Soldraw( ).
3 2 .

4
Solview Soldraw , orthoGraphic
UCS FRONT UCS. Layout1.
: Layout1, Paper Space
Icon UCS
View. UCS Layout1
. X Y UCS
Paper Paper Space, .
Solview.
1. Solview, AutoCAD
PAPER SPACE (Layout1) Layout.
2. UCS.
3. UCS Enter Front
UCS .
4. scale factor, .5 ( )
Layou . SCALE titleblock
1:2.
5. ,
(front view). .

.
(viewport)
.
6. (view positioned) Enter

"Specify first corner of viewport"

.
(
17).

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

63

7. "Specify opposite corner of viewport" go

( 17).
*** ERROR MESSAGE
,
UCS PAPER SPACE.
Layout1 XY . Broken Pencil
, XY
Paper PAPER SPACE Layout1.***

17
1. Front.
TOP VIEW:
1. Solview, .
2. Ortho.
3. TOP EDGE (FRONT viewport )
"Specify side of viewport to project."
4. TOP multiview.
5. Top.
** : Ortho opti
.
FRONT viewport, AutoCAD
(TOP position) (Bottom view) (Top
view). AutoCAD (viewports)
.**
Ortho Solview
Right Side view SIDE. 18
. Front viewport.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

64

18

,
. gsave.
Vport layer .
PAPER side Paper Space
(PAPER Status Bar).
Vport layer Layer Status drop-down window Layer
light bulb ( 19). Vport layer viewport edges.
MODEL side Paper Space se Vport layer ,
.

19

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

65

.
(WIREFRAME mode)
Vport layer Vport layer
Layer Status .
5
(multiviews)
.
***: Zooming Paper Space
MODEL side Paper Space,
(floating viewport)
. PAPER side
Paper Space (PAPER Status Line), (zoom).

,
"static"
PAPER side Paper Space. PAPER Paper Space
(freezes) .
Zoom XP.
Align
Mvsetup,
.

2
Soldraw ( Soldraw).
- . "static"
Paper Space . Soldraw 2
. 2
.
Soldraw 2 .
(
). LEFT PANEL
Loading Line Types Center Hidden .
Soldraw,
. Layer button

Layer Properties Manager .
( 20).

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

66

20
(layers) Front-DIM, Front-HID, Front-VIS,
Side-DIM, Side-HID . Solview.
Front-HID, Side-HID Top-HID.
.
Front-HID,
"C" ( ) Front-HID.
Select Color ( 21).
Front-HID layer,
OK .

,
.

-HID ( Hidden).


-VIS.
Locirame -VIS

Lineweight.

(Default).
Default

AutoCAD

Lineweight .
0.7
OK .
-VIS.

.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

67

top-VIS, side-VIS, front-VIS

. Layer
( 22).

22
: Soldraw
Solview ,
. (floating viewport)
PAPER side Paper Space. ,
Erase. Solview's Ortho Soldraw,
.
. HID, Solview.

6
.
***: ( )
PAPER side of Paper Space.
, 23.
23
(center lines)

( Layer). : top-cen,
front-cen, side-cen,
.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

68

. Line Type Scale, ltscale .25
scale factor.
MODEL side Paper Space (
)

1. Top viewport
2. Top-cen .

Offset Extend.
10mm (
).
: Offset 10mm
40. (
) 20.
25, 26 27 Offset, Extend
Osnap . :
Offset Topcen Top-CEN LAYER
STATUS WINDOW drop-down menu.

24

25
26

, Stretch
( ).

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

69

:
.

2
( 27)
27

side-CEN, Side viewport.

.

.
( 29). front-CEN

Front Viewport
.

28

:
. (8mm) ( 29).
.

29

7

Vplayer (Viewport Layer). Go .
Freeze front-CEN side-CEN .

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

70

,
.
: VPLAYER

. UNDO
.
.
(
).

(Front viewport) (
) (Side viewport).
Layer Status Window.
30.

30
Titleblock, PAPER side Paper Space
Layer Status Window ( light bulb
) Vport (invisible).
31.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

71

31
,+ titleblock (Plot) . :
.5
Layout1.

AutoCAD
5
:
, ,
AutoCAD;
12. ;
13.
14. Mtext counterbore countersink

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

72

1

.

DIM

1. NaslovenShablon.dwg.
Model Space me INSERT/ BLOCK
DIM.dwg
2.
Save as...

AutroCADVezba5
3. Explode
.
VPOINT (VPOINT ,
300 on the XY plane 35 degrees to the XY plane.
1.
(Explode)
Solview Soldraw .

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

73

2
Solview i Soldraw 2
: () (front), () side
(top).
:
1. Layout1 UCS
. UCS View
UCS's New (
4).
2. Solview front, side top .
0.5 ( 2).
3. Front-CEN, Top-CEN, Side-CEN Layer,
Center. .
26/40 20/40.
4. Layer , -DIM, -HID -VIS
(layers). -VIS (layers), Lineweight
.7
5. .

2
6. Vplayer (FREEZE)

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

74

. (Top Viewport) Front-CEN

Side- CEN . 4.

(viewport),
PAPER side of Paper Space.
.
.

, PAPER side of Paper

Space, ORTHO
. Move .
ORTHO .
, PAPER side
of Paper Space
.

MODEL side of
Paper Space Mvsetup.

: MODEL side of Paper Space

.

-CEN .
Offset, Extend Layer Status Bar ( ).

3
MODEL side of Paper Space,
Vport (VISIBLE). MODEL Status Bar
.

()
Dimension View /Toolbars.
dimensioning style.
,

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

75

. dimensioning style
Dimension/Style

Style .

3 Dimension Style Manager.

,
( ).

.
,
AutoCAD . Standard .
.

3
New.
Create New Dimension Style .

( 4).

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

76

4
Mojstil New Style Name:
Standard Start With: OK.
Modify Dimension Style . :
Use for:
(, , )
Modify Dimension Style
.
(Lines and Arrows), 5.

. :

. tabot.

5
tab Lines and Arrowhead :
Dimension Lines
Spacing: 12 ( ).
: 6mm;

.
Extension Line

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

77

Extend beyond dim lines: 3 (

)
Origin Offset: 1.5 (
.

Arrowheads
Size: 3 ( ),
1st, 2nd Leader Closed filled.
Center Marks for Circles
Size: 1.5 (
).

Text
6. :
Text Appearance
Text style: Standard
Text color: ByBlock (
, )
Text Placement
Vertical Centered
Horizontal Centered (:
). :

.
Offset from dim line: 1.5 (

Text Alignment
Horizontal (
).

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

78

Fit ( 7). Fit .

:

Fit Options
Either the text or the arrow, whichever
fits best (
).
Scales for Dimension Features
Scale dimensions to layout (paperspace).
(, .)
paperspace.
:
1:1,
. paperspace,
1:1 Layout1,
1:2 ( Solview).
Fine Tuning:
Place text manually when dimensioning (

) .

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

79

Primary Units
8.

Linear Dimensions se postavuva na Decimal,

Precision 0.0000, Round off se postavuva na 0.

Measurement Scales
Scale factor 1.
Zero Suppression
Trailing ( 0 ).

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

80

8
OK Dimension Style .
Set Current ,
. Close ( 9).

9
Save Dimension Style OK
Dimension Style . .

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

81

4
( 10). TOP View
Top-DIM.
: AutoCAD
.
TOP view, PAPER side of Paper
Space MODEL Status Bar
PAPER, Window Zoom .
MODEL side of Paper Space .

10
7 Linear

Linear : Specify first extension line

origin or <select object>: INTERSECTION Osnap A
( ) ( 10). Specify
second extension line origin: INTERSECTION
B ( ) ( 10).
: Intersection Osnap, Endpoint
,
, .
:
Osnaps

. 20mm . ( 1:2).

20 mm .
:
( ) ).

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

: Specify dimension line location or

[Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]:
.

: Dimension text <26>: .

82

11.
.

11

5
Continue dimension. Continue

.
12 Continue

12

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

83

: Command: dimcont Continue dimension

Dimensioning toolbar.
: Select the dimension to continue:
( 26), ,

. ( 12)

:
.

: Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo</Select]

<Select>: right bottom corner od rectangular slot ( 51).

:

Select s Enter. :Select the
dimension to continue:.

: Dimension text <51>. Enter.

: Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo</Select] <Select>:
( 25)
.

: .
.
Erase.

6
13 RIGHT SIDE view ( )
. Linear

. .

13

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

Continue

84

14

14
(TOP view)

Linear Baseline . Baseline

15.
62 103 Baseline .
:
,

15
Linear (30)
. topDIM ..
Baseline Command:
dimbase, Baseline Dimension ,
Baseline

Select baseline dimension:

30. : continue dimension,
baseline

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

85

,
.
: Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/ Select]
<Select>: endpont
( 62mm Slika 15) .

: baseline
Select,
: Select baseline dimension:

Na : Dimension text <62>:. Enter.

(30 ).
103.

7
.

Diameter , Mtext ,
(
180 ) Radial dimension ( 16).

16
Diameter DIMENSION Menu, imdia Command: prompt
line, Diameter to

. Command:

Dimension line location (Mtext/Text/Angle):

, (16) ( ENTER).
Mtext Enter. Multiline Text Editor
( 17).

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

86

17
Multiline Text Editor ,
Character ( GDT), ( 6).
(< >) .


.
.
Symbol Diameter ( 18).

18
%%C ( AutoCAD
).
%%C, 20, , .

GDT Character Map .
Symbol Other... ( 19).

19

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

87

Character
(). V
( 19). Select
Character to copy:. Copy
button, Close,
Multiline Text Editor. Copy/Paste
.

( 20).

20
(space) V 82,
Degrees Symbol .
21. Enter
.

21
Na 22 .
Radial nzija (dimrad). .

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

88

22
8
.
(layer) Top-DIM.
Diameter Mtext
23

23

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

89

9
24 25.
.
Edit Text button
Dimension toolbar.
25
.

24
25 . .

25

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

90

10

. .
25. dtext PAPER side of
Paper Space. 5mm.
Rectangle Draw.
.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

91

AutoCAD
:
(Cartesian
System) 2 3
X, Y ( 3) Z
0-X, 0-Y 0-Z
(0,0,0). X-, Y- Z-
( ).
:
12,8 , AutoCAD
12 X- 8 Y-.

BLOCK :
BLOCK

. .
Block :
block Command: ,
Block Draw Menu.

Block

BLOCK , Block .
Name: , . Objects:
Select objects . AutoCAD
. Enter
Bloc . Basepoint: Pick
point
X, Y Z.
:
Layout .
Pick point
Osnap
(Object Snap), Absolute Coordinate, Relative
Rectangular Coordinate, Relative Polar Coordinate. Enter
Block .

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

92

X, Y, Z: .,
(Absolute Coordinate)
Insert units: Millimeters.

CIRCLE :
CIRCLE
, ,

Circle :
Circle
,
c circle Command: ,
Circle Draw Menu.

Center Point Radius Diameter

CIRCLE.
-- :
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
ENTER "Center
point."
Osnap
(Object Snap),
Absolute Coordinate, Relative Rectangular Coordinate, Relative Polar
Coordinate.
-- :
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]:
Enter (
).
: AutoCAD ,
d Enter

Tangent, Tangent, Radius

Activate the CIRCLE command (see methods above)
-- :
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
t , Enter tangent, tangent, radius .
-- :
Specify point on object for first tangent of circle:
(tangent element),
.
-- :

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

Specify point on object for second tangent of circle:
.

93

-- :
Specify radius of circle <0.500>:

, Enter, d ,
Enter.
d AutoCAD .
Enter.

--- .

3
CIRCLE
-- :
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
3p, Enter
.
-- :
Specify first point on circle:
Absolute Coordinate, Relative Rectangular Coordinate, Relative
Polar Coordinate, Osnap

.
-- :

Specify second point on circle:

Absolute Coordinate, Relative Rectangular Coordinate, Relative

Polar Coordinate, Osnap .
-- :
Specify third point on circle:
Absolute Coordinate, Relative Rectangular Coordinate, Relative
Polar Coordinate, Osnap .

2
CIRCLE

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

94

-- : [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:

2p, Enter ;
-- : Specify first point on circle
. Absolute Coordinate, Relative Rectangular Coordinate,
Relative Polar Coordinate, Osnap
.
-- : Specify second end point of circle's diameter:
. Absolute Coordinate, Relative
Rectangular Coordinate, Relative Polar Coordinate, Osnap
..

DDEDIT :
DDEDIT .
DDEDIT:
ed Command: , Enter
Text..., Modify.

-- :
Select an annotation object or [Undo}:

. .

. Enter.

DTEXT :
DTEXT .
Dtext :
Text, Single Line Text..., Draw Menu,
dt Command: .
-- :
Current text style: "Standard" Text height: 0.2000
Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]:
Absolute Coordinate, Relative Rectangular Coordinate, Relative Polar
Coordinate,
.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

95

--: Specify height <3>:

Enter
;
--: Specify rotation angle of text <0>:

.;
--: Enter text: ;
--: Enter text: Enter
.

ERASE :

Erase :
,
Erase
Erase vo Modify Menu,
e ( erase) Command: Enter.
-- : Select objects:
Enter.
: a
all Select objects: Enter.

EXPLODE :
EXPLODE
.
Explode command:
Explode

Draw toolbar,

x explode na Command: ,
Explode Modify.
-- :
Select objects:. (explode),
Enter.

EXTEND :

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

96

EXTEND
.
Extend:
Extend

Extend Modify Menu,

extend Command: , Enter.
-- :
Current settings: Projection=UCS Edge=None
Select boundary edge(s)...
-Select objects:
() (
), Enter
.

-- :
Select object to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]:

. the end of the line you want AutoCAD to extend (on the side that
should be extented).
-- :
Select object to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]:

. u Enter,
. ,
Enter.

INSERT :
INSERT
.
Insert Block... Insert.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

97

-- Insert File... , Select

Drawing File ;

--
Open Insert ;
-- :
Specify insertion point or [Scales/X/Y/Z/Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/Protate]:

, Osnap, Absolute Coordinate,
Relative Rectangular Coordinate, Relative Polar Coordinate.
-- :
Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or [Corner/XYZ] <1>:
X , Enter
.
-- :
Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>:):
Y , Enter
X .
-- :
Specify rotation angle <0>:
Enter
.
*:
Insert ,
, , , . AutoCAD
"mouse pick" ( )
.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

98

LAYER:
LAYER
. , ,

:
Layer Status Window ,

,
.
, Layer
Properties Manager :
Layer

Layer..., Format Menu.
Layer Properties Manager dialogue box.
:
Layer Properties Manager , New .
Layer 1. Layer 1
(highlighted , OK .
(Linetype):
Layer Properties Manager .
Linetype .
Linetype .
Load . Load or
Reload Linetypes .
. linetype
name OK Linetype .
OK .
(Linetype) :
Layer Properties Manager .
linetype .
Select Linetypes .
.
:
Layer Properties . K
. Select Color
. (color).

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

99

:
.
Layer Properties Manager .
.
:
Layer Properties Manager . Lineweight
( ) Lineweight .

. Layer Properties Manager.
.
:
Layer Properties Manager .
Delete
:
Layer Properties .

, OK.
:
Layer Status .
. lightbulb
lightbulb
.
: lightbulb / (toggle) -
/ .

LINE :
LINE .
Line :
Line

Draw,

Draw Line Draw,

l - (line) Command: prompt.
-- :
Specify first point:

Absolute Coordinate, Object Snap (Osnap),

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

100

-- :
Specify next point or [Undo]:
.

-- :
Specify next point or [Undo]:
,
Enter
Line .
*:
Enter

OFFSET :
OFFSET (lines, arcs,
circles, plines drugi)

( , 1, .) OFFSET
.
Offset :
offset Command: ot
o Command:
Offset

button Drawing toolbar.

-- :
Specify offset distance or through <through>:
Enter through (
) .
-- :
Select object to offset or <exit>:
.
(dashed line).
.

Through:

- :

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

101

: : Osnap ,
Absolute Coordinate, Rectangular Rectangular Coordinate, , Relative Polar
Coordinate

:
-- :
Specify point on side to offset:
,
. .

: Enter
Command: Offset command.

Offset . Offset
.

OOPS :
OOPS
.
oops Command: prompt Enter.
.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

102

OOPS
.
oops Command: prompt Enter.
.

OPEN :
.
:
open na Command: ,
Open File Menu,
.

OBJECT SNAPS (OSNAP):

OSNAPs
( ,
, .)
Osnaps :
( )
Osnap
( ).
Osnap
Osnap "snaps" .
Osnap.
*: Osnap
( Running Object Snaps Tools Menu),
snap .
.

OSNAP :
Osnap
tip
Center

cen
.

.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

Endpoint

103

end
. polyline, .

.
ins
.

.

Insert

Intersection

int
.
.

mid
.

.
nea
Nearest
.

.
nod
Node
.
.
per
Perpen .
dicular
.

.
qua
Quadrant
Locira pozicii so 0, 90, 180, ili 270 stepeni (kvadranti) na kru`nicata. Lev
.
tan
Tangent .

.
Midpoint

PLOT :
PLOT .
Plot:
plot Command: , Enter
Printer

button.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

104

Plot Device/Plot Settings :

Inside the Plot Device dialogue box, find the Name: window. Use the arrow, on the Right
side of this window, to select the name of the printer at your location. It should now show in
the Name: window.
Now click on the Plot Settings tab to move to that dialogue box. Inside the Plot Settings
dialogue box make sure that these items are selected
-In the radio button under the heading Paper size make sure that mm is selected.
-In the window next to the heading Paper size, use the drop down menu to select A size paper
is showing or make sure that it is displayed.
-Under the heading Drawing orientation, make sure that the radio button next to Landscape
is selected.

-Under the heading Plot area, select Extents by clicking on the radio button next to that
category. This tells AutoCAD to print to the "extent" of the drawing.
-If not already selected, use the drop-down menu next to Scale to change the scale to 1:1.
-Under the heading Plot offset, click on the check box to the left of the label: Center the
plot.
-Under the Plot Options heading, remove the check by Plot with Plot Styles.
Click on OK to send the print to the printer.
**: (inches)
.

POLYGON :
The POLYGON command allows you to create regular polygons (polygons with equal
sides and angles).

To select the Polygon Command you can:

select Polygon under the Draw Menu,

type polygon and then press ENTER at a Command: prompt,
click on the Polygon

button.

--Prompt: Enter number of sides <4>: Type in a value for the number of sides for the
polygon.
--Prompt: Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Select the location for the polygon's center
with an Absolute Coordinate, a Relative Rectangular Coordinate, a Relative Polar
Coordinates, or an Osnap and press Enter.
--Prompt: Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle]: Type i (for
across the corners) or c (for across the flats) and then press Enter.
--Prompt: Specify radius of circle: Type a value for the radius and press Enter.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

105

NOTE: A polygon is a group or single entity in AutoCAD. To modify a polygon, you must
Explode it first.

QUIT :
AutoCAD Program.

Quit :
Exit File
quit Command: prompt.

RELATIVE POLAR COORDINATES:

RELATIVE POLAR COODINATES allow you to select a point that is a specific length
and at a specific angle to the last point indicated.

To locate a point using a Relative Polar Coordinate:

type @, the length of the line,
a more than symbol (< )
followed by the desired angle of the line.
DO NOT add spaces between the @, the line length value, the < symbol, and the angle
value. (SEE EXAMPLES BELOW)
Example: 1

If you are in the Line command and type @11<45, AutoCAD selects a point that is 11mm
long and at a 45 degree angle from the last point given.

Example: 2

If you are in the Line command and type @8<-45, AutoCAD selects a point that is 8 mm long
and at a negative 45 degree angle from the last point given.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

106

RELATIVE RECTANGULAR COORDINATES:

A RELATIVE RECTANGULAR COORDINATE allows you to specify a position along
the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis (if needed) to locate a point relative to the last point you
specified.
To locate a point using the Relative Rectangular Coordinate system, type @ and then the
X-value, Y-value, and, if needed, the Z-value, separated by commas and no spaces.
Example:
If your last point was at 12,8 (see FIGURE below), you can type @11,7 and AutoCAD will
locate an entity or point 11 along the x axis and 7 along the y axis from the 12,8 point.

The equivalent absolute coordinate of @11,7 would be 23,15 or 12+11 on the X-axis, and
8+7 on the Y-axis.

ROTATE :
Komandata ROTATE ()
XY .
Rotate:
Rotate Modify Menu,

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

107

rotate Command: , Enter,

Rotate

-- ::
Select objects:
() , Enter.
-- :
Basepoint:
Osnap Absolute Coordinate, Relative Rectangular Coordinate,
Relative Polar Coordinate, Enter

Osnap:
-- : of:
Place the element to

snap to in the square cursor icon.

-- :
Angle&gt/Reference:
, Enter. (
).

SAVE AS :
.

Save As :
Save As ... File

save Command: .

.

TRIM :
TRIM
()
.
Trim:
trim, Enter Command:

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

Trim

108

Trim Modify .
-- ::
Select cutting edges(s)...
Select objects:

.
-- ::
Select objects:
. Trim
.
-- Enter ..
-- ::
<Select object to trim>/Project/Edge/Undo:
.
-- :
<Select object to trim>/Project/Edge/Undo:
trim Enter
.

UNDO and REDO: :

UNDO

- REDO

UNDO U .
REDO
UNDO.
Undo :
u Command: , Enter.
: u (
) ..

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

109

:
Line u
.
(Mulitple Steps:)
Undo .
Undo:
undo Command:
Undo

AutoCAD , Enter.

Redo () Undo:

Redo.
Aktivirawe na komandata Redoy:
redo Command: , Enter,
Redo

: REDO
Undo.

ZOOM :

ZOOM
.
Zoom e so:
Zoom View
z zoom Command: prompt.
-- : Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP) or
[All/Center/Dynamic/ Extents/Previous/Scale/Window] <Realtime>:
Zoom .
Realtime.

.-, ., .: Auto CAD

110

Zoom :
Extents

Previous

.
Realtime
.
Esc .
.
Vmax
Zoom prompts. v
type v
Zoom .
Window

. .
X.
Scale X :
2x, AutoCAD . .5x,
.
(view) Paper
Space. , viewport window
Zoom XP Zoom command.
XP. : 1xp
, 2xp view window
.