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Chapter 5
5-1
1 3 = S y /n

MSS:

Sy
1 3

n=

Sy



1/2
2
1/2
 = A2 A B + B2
= x x y + y2 + 3x2y
n=

DE:

(a) MSS:

1 = 12, 2 = 6, 3 = 0 kpsi
50
n=
= 4.17 Ans.
12

 = (122 6(12) + 62 ) 1/2 = 10.39 kpsi,

 
12 2
12
+ (8) 2 = 16, 4 kpsi

(b) A , B =
2
2
DE:

n=

50
= 4.81
10.39

Ans.

1 = 16, 2 = 0, 3 = 4 kpsi
MSS:

n=

50
= 2.5
16 (4)

Ans.

50
 = (122 + 3(82 )) 1/2 = 18.33 kpsi, n =
= 2.73 Ans.
18.33


6 + 10 2
6 10
+ (5) 2 = 2.615, 13.385 kpsi

(c) A , B =
2
2
DE:

1 = 0, 2 = 2.615, 3 = 13.385 kpsi

MSS:

50
n=
= 3.74
0 (13.385)

Ans.

 = [(6) 2 (6)(10) + (10) 2 + 3(5) 2 ]1/2

= 12.29 kpsi
50
= 4.07 Ans.
n=
12.29


12 4 2
12 + 4
+ 12 = 12.123, 3.877 kpsi

(d) A , B =
2
2
DE:

1 = 12.123, 2 = 3.877, 3 = 0 kpsi

MSS:
DE:

n=

50
= 4.12
12.123 0

Ans.

 = [122 12(4) + 42 + 3(12 )]1/2 = 10.72 kpsi

n=

50
= 4.66
10.72

Ans.

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5-2 S y = 50 kpsi
1 3 = S y /n

DE:

2
1/2
= S y /n
A A B + B2

n=

DE:

[122

n=

[122

1/2
n = S y / A2 A B + B2

50
= 4.17 Ans.
12 0

50
= 4.17
(12)(12) + 122 ]1/2

Ans.

50
= 4.81
(12)(6) + 62 ]1/2

Ans.

1 = 12 kpsi, 3 = 12 kpsi, n =

(c) MSS:

n=

DE:

[122

n=

50
= 2.08 Ans.
12 (12)

50
= 2.41
(12)(12) + (12) 2 ]1/3

1 = 0, 3 = 12 kpsi, n =

DE:

Ans.

50
= 4.17
12

1 = 12 kpsi, 3 = 0, n =

DE:

(d) MSS:

n=

1 = 12 kpsi, 3 = 0, n =

(a) MSS:

(b) MSS:

Sy
1 3

MSS:

[(6) 2

Ans.

50
= 4.17 Ans.
(12)

50
= 4.81
(6)(12) + (12) 2 ]1/2

5-3 S y = 390 MPa

1 3 = S y /n

DE:

2
1/2
= S y /n
A A B + B2

(a) MSS:

n=

Sy
1 3

MSS:

1 = 180 MPa, 3 = 0, n =

1/2
n = S y / A2 A B + B2

390
= 2.17 Ans.
180

390
= 2.50 Ans.
[1802 180(100) + 1002 ]1/2


180 2
180
+ 1002 = 224.5, 44.5 MPa = 1 , 3

(b) A , B =
2
2
DE:

n=

MSS:

n=

DE:

n=

390
= 1.45 Ans.
224.5 (44.5)
[1802

390
= 1.56
+ 3(1002 )]1/2

Ans.

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Chapter 5



160 2
160

+ 1002 = 48.06, 208.06 MPa = 1 , 3

(c) A , B =
2
2
390
= 1.52 Ans.
48.06 (208.06)
390
= 1.65 Ans.
n=
2
[160 + 3(1002 )]1/2
n=

MSS:
DE:

(d) A , B = 150, 150 MPa = 1 , 3

390
= 1.30 Ans.
n=
MSS:
150 (150)
390
= 1.50 Ans.
n=
DE:
[3(150) 2 ]1/2
5-4 S y = 220 MPa
(a) 1 = 100, 2 = 80, 3 = 0 MPa
MSS:
DET:

220
= 2.20 Ans.
100 0
 = [1002 100(80) + 802 ]1/2 = 91.65 MPa
220
n=
= 2.40 Ans.
91.65
n=

(b) 1 = 100, 2 = 10, 3 = 0 MPa

MSS:
DET:

n=

220
= 2.20 Ans.
100

 = [1002 100(10) + 102 ]1/2 = 95.39 MPa

n=

220
= 2.31 Ans.
95.39

(c) 1 = 100, 2 = 0, 3 = 80 MPa

MSS:
DE:

n=

220
= 1.22 Ans.
100 (80)

 = [1002 100(80) + (80) 2 ]1/2 = 156.2 MPa

220
n=
= 1.41 Ans.
156.2

(d) 1 = 0, 2 = 80, 3 = 100 MPa

220
n=
= 2.20 Ans.
MSS:
0 (100)
 = [(80) 2 (80)(100) + (100) 2 ] = 91.65 MPa
DE:
n=

220
= 2.40 Ans.
91.65

117

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5-5
(a) MSS:
DE:
(b) MSS:
DE:

n=

2.23
OB
=
= 2.1
OA
1.08

n=

2.56
OC
=
= 2.4
OA
1.08

n=

OE
1.65
=
= 1.5
OD
1.10

n=

1.8
OF
=
= 1.6
OD
1.1
B

(a)
C
B

A
Scale
1" 200 MPa
A

O
D
E F

J
K

L
(d)

H
I
(c)

(c) MSS:
DE:
(d) MSS:
DE:

n=

OH
1.68
=
= 1.6
OG
1.05

n=

1.85
OI
=
= 1.8
OG
1.05

n=

1.38
OK
=
= 1.3
OJ
1.05

n=

OL
1.62
=
= 1.5
OJ
1.05

(b)

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Chapter 5

5-6 S y = 220 MPa

OB
2.82
=
= 2.2
OA
1.3
3.1
OC
=
= 2.4
n=
OA
1.3
2.2
OE
=
= 2.2
n=
OD
1

n=

(a) MSS:
DE:
(b) MSS:

n=

DE:

2.33
OF
=
= 2.3
OD
1
B

(a)
C
B

1" 100 MPa

E
D

G
J

H
I
(c)

L
(d)

(c) MSS:
DE:
(d) MSS:
DE:

n=

1.55
OH
=
= 1.2
OG
1.3

n=

OI
1.8
=
= 1.4
OG
1.3

OK
2.82
=
= 2.2
OJ
1.3
3.1
OL
=
= 2.4
n=
OJ
1.3

n=

(b)

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5-7 Sut = 30 kpsi, Suc = 100 kpsi; A = 20 kpsi, B = 6 kpsi

(a) MNS: Eq. (5-30a)

n=

BCM: Eq. (5-31a)

n=

Sut
30
=
= 1.5 Ans.
x
20

30
= 1.5 Ans.
20
30
n=
= 1.5 Ans.
20

MM: Eq. (5-32a)

(b) x = 12 kpsi,x y = 8 kpsi
12

A, B =
2



12
2

2
+ (8) 2 = 16, 4 kpsi

30
= 1.88 Ans.
16
16 (4)
1
=

n
30
100
30
= 1.88 Ans.
n=
16
n=

MNS: Eq. (5-30a)

BCM: Eq. (5-31b)
MM: Eq. (5-32a)

n = 1.74 Ans.

(c) x = 6 kpsi, y = 10 kpsi,x y = 5 kpsi



6 + 10 2
6 10
+ (5) 2 = 2.61, 13.39 kpsi

A, B =
2
2
MNS: Eq. (5-30b)

n=

100
= 7.47 Ans.
13.39

BCM: Eq. (5-31c)

n=

100
= 7.47 Ans.
13.39

MM: Eq. (5-32c)

n=

100
= 7.47 Ans.
13.39

(d) x = 12 kpsi,x y = 8 kpsi



12 2
12

A, B =
+ 82 = 4, 16 kpsi
2
2
MNS: Eq. (5-30b)

n=

100
= 6.25 Ans.
16

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121

Chapter 5

BCM: Eq. (5-31b)

4
(16)
1
=

n
30
100

MM: Eq. (5-32b)

(100 30)4 16
1
=

n
100(30)
100

n = 3.41 Ans.

n = 3.95 Ans.

1" 20 kpsi

(a)

A
O

A
C

E
D

K
F

L
(c)

J
(d)

(b)

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5-8 See Prob. 5-7 for plot.

(a) For all methods:

n=

1.55
OB
=
= 1.5
OA
1.03

(b) BCM:

n=

1.4
OD
=
= 1.75
OC
0.8

n=

OE
1.55
=
= 1.9
OC
0.8

(c) For all methods:

n=

5.2
OL
=
= 7.6
OK
0.68

(d) MNS:

n=

5.12
OJ
=
= 6.2
OF
0.82

BCM:

n=

2.85
OG
=
= 3.5
OF
0.82

MM:

n=

3.3
OH
=
= 4.0
OF
0.82

All other methods:

5-9 Given: S y = 42 kpsi, Sut = 66.2 kpsi, f = 0.90. Since f > 0.05, the material is ductile and
thus we may follow convention by setting S yc = S yt .
Use DE theory for analytical solution. For  , use Eq. (5-13) or (5-15) for plane stress and
Eq. (5-12) or (5-14) for general 3-D.
(a)  = [92 9(5) + (5) 2 ]1/2 = 12.29 kpsi
n=

42
= 3.42 Ans.
12.29

(b)  = [122 + 3(32 )]1/2 = 13.08 kpsi

n=

42
= 3.21 Ans.
13.08

(c)  = [(4) 2 (4)(9) + (9) 2 + 3(52 )]1/2 = 11.66 kpsi

n=

42
= 3.60 Ans.
11.66

(d)  = [112 (11)(4) + 42 + 3(12 )]1/2 = 9.798

n=

42
= 4.29 Ans.
9.798

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123

Chapter 5
B

(d)
H

1 cm 10 kpsi
G
O
C

(b)

A
E

B (a)

F
(c)

For graphical solution, plot load lines on DE envelope as shown.

A = 9, B = 5 kpsi
OB
3.5
n=
=
= 3.5 Ans.
OA
1
 
12 2
12
+ 32 = 12.7, 0.708 kpsi

(b) A , B =
2
2
(a)

4.2
OD
=
= 3.23
OC
1.3


49 2
4 9
+ 52 = 0.910, 12.09 kpsi

(c) A , B =
2
2
n=

4.5
OF
=
= 3.6 Ans.
OE
1.25


11 4 2
11 + 4
+ 12 = 11.14, 3.86 kpsi

(d) A , B =
2
2
n=

n=
5-10

OH
5.0
=
= 4.35 Ans.
OG
1.15

This heat-treated steel exhibits S yt = 235 kpsi, S yc = 275 kpsi and f = 0.06. The steel is
ductile ( f > 0.05) but of unequal yield strengths. The Ductile Coulomb-Mohr hypothesis
(DCM) of Fig. 5-19 applies confine its use to first and fourth quadrants.

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(a) x = 90 kpsi, y = 50 kpsi, z = 0
A = 90 kpsi and B = 50 kpsi. For the

fourth quadrant, from Eq. (5-31b)
1
1
n=
=
= 1.77 Ans.
( A /S yt ) ( B /Suc )
(90/235) (50/275)
(b) x = 120 kpsi, x y = 30 kpsi ccw. A , B = 127.1, 7.08 kpsi. For the fourth
quadrant
1
n=
= 1.76 Ans.
(127.1/235) (7.08/275)
(c) x = 40 kpsi, y = 90 kpsi, x y = 50 kpsi . A , B = 9.10, 120.9 kpsi.
Although no solution exists for the third quadrant, use
S yc
275
n=
=
= 2.27 Ans.
y
120.9
(d) x = 110 kpsi, y = 40 kpsi, x y = 10 kpsi cw. A , B = 111.4, 38.6 kpsi. For the
first quadrant
S yt
235
n=
=
= 2.11 Ans.
A
111.4
Graphical Solution:
B

OB
1.82
=
= 1.78
(a) n =
OA
1.02
(b) n =

OD
2.24
=
= 1.75
OC
1.28

(c) n =

2.75
OF
=
= 2.22
OE
1.24

(d) n =

2.46
OH
=
= 2.08
OG
1.18

(d)

H
1 in 100 kpsi

O
C

B (a)
E

F
(c)

(b)

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125

Chapter 5

5-11

The material is brittle and exhibits unequal tensile and compressive strengths. Decision:
Use the Modified Mohr theory.
Sut = 22 kpsi, Suc = 83 kpsi
(a) x = 9 kpsi, y = 5 kpsi. A , B = 9, 5 kpsi. For the fourth quadrant,
| BA | = 59 < 1, use Eq. (5-32a)
22
Sut
=
= 2.44 Ans.
n=
A
9
(b) x = 12 kpsi, x y = 3 kpsi ccw. A , B = 12.7, 0.708 kpsi. For the fourth quad.708
rant, | BA | = 012
.7 < 1,
n=

Sut
22
=
= 1.73 Ans.
A
12.7

(c) x = 4 kpsi, y = 9 kpsi, x y = 5 kpsi . A , B = 0.910, 12.09 kpsi. For the

third quadrant, no solution exists; however, use Eq. (6-32c)
83
n=
= 6.87 Ans.
12.09
(d) x = 11 kpsi, y = 4 kpsi,x y = 1 kpsi. A , B = 11.14, 3.86 kpsi. For the first quadrant
n=

S yt
22
SA
=
=
= 1.97 Ans.
A
A
11.14
B
30
Sut 22
(d )
30

A
(b)

(a)

50

Sut 83
(c) 90

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.
Since f < 0.05, the material is brittle. Thus, Sut = Suc and we may use MM which is
basically the same as MNS.
(a) A , B = 9, 5 kpsi
35
= 3.89 Ans.
9
(b) A , B = 12.7, 0.708 kpsi
n=

35
= 2.76 Ans.
12.7
(c) A , B = 0.910, 12.09 kpsi (3rd quadrant)
n=

n=

36
= 2.98 Ans.
12.09

(d) A , B = 11.14, 3.86 kpsi

n=

35
= 3.14 Ans.
11.14

1 cm 10 kpsi

Graphical Solution:
O

3.45
OD
=
= 2.70 Ans.
OC
1.28

(c) n =

3.7
OF
=
= 2.85 Ans. (3rd quadrant)
OE
1.3

(b)

(a)

OH
3.6
=
= 3.13 Ans.
(d) n =
OG
1.15

(c)

Sut = 30 kpsi, Suc = 109 kpsi

Use MM:
(a) A , B = 20, 20 kpsi
30
n=
= 1.5 Ans.
Eq. (5-32a):
20

(b) A , B = (15) 2 = 15, 15 kpsi
n=

30
= 2 Ans.
15

(c) A , B = 80, 80 kpsi

For the 3rd quadrant, there is no solution but use Eq. (5-32c).
Eq. (5-32c):

C
A

(b) n =

Eq. (5-32a)

(d)

4
OB
= = 4.0 Ans.
(a) n =
OA
1

5-13

n=

109
= 1.36 Ans.
80

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127

Chapter 5

(d) A , B = 15, 25 kpsi, | B | A | = 25/15 > 1,

1
(109 30)15 25

=
109(30)
109
n

Eq. (5-32b):

n = 1.69 Ans.
OB
4.25
=
= 1.50
OA
2.83
4.24
OD
=
= 2.00
(b) n =
OC
2.12

(a) n =

(c) n =

15.5
OF
=
= 1.37 (3rd quadrant)
OE
11.3

(d) n =

4.9
OH
=
= 1.69
OG
2.9

B (a)

C
1 cm 10 kpsi
G
D
(b)

H
(d)

F
(c)

5-14

Given: AISI 1006 CD steel, F = 0.55 N, P = 8.0 kN, and T = 30 N m, applying the
DE theory to stress elements A and B with Sy = 280 MPa
A:

x =

32Fl
4P
32(0.55)(103 )(0.1)
4(8)(103 )
+
=
+
d 3
d 2
(0.0203 )
(0.0202 )

= 95.49(106 ) Pa = 95.49 MPa

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16T
16(30)
=
= 19.10(106 ) Pa = 19.10 MPa
3
d
(0.0203 )


1/2
= [95.492 + 3(19.1) 2 ]1/2 = 101.1 MPa
 = x2 + 3x2y

x y =

n=
B:

Sy
280
=
= 2.77


101.1

Ans.

4P
4(8)(103 )
=
= 25.47(106 ) Pa = 25.47 MPa
x =
3
2
d
(0.020 )


0.55(103 )
16T
4V
16(30)
4
+
=
+
x y =
d 3 3 A
(0.0203 ) 3 (/4)(0.0202 )
= 21.43(106 ) Pa = 21.43 MPa
 = [25.472 + 3(21.432 )]1/2 = 45.02 MPa
n=

5-15

280
= 6.22
45.02

Ans.

S y = 32 kpsi
At A, M = 6(190) = 1 140 lbfin, T = 4(190) = 760 lbf in.
x =

32M
32(1140)
=
= 27 520 psi
3
d
(3/4) 3

zx =

16T
16(760)
=
= 9175 psi
d 3
(3/4) 3


max =
n=

27 520
2

2
+ 91752 = 16 540 psi

Sy
32
=
= 0.967
2max
2(16.54)

Ans.

MSS predicts yielding

5-16

From Prob. 4-15, x = 27.52 kpsi, zx = 9.175 kpsi. For Eq. (5-15), adjusted for coordinates,

1/2
 = 27.522 + 3(9.175) 2
= 31.78 kpsi
n=

Sy
32
=
= 1.01


31.78

Ans.

DE predicts no yielding, but it is extremely close. Shaft size should be increased.

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Chapter 5

5-17

129

Design decisions required:

Material and condition

Design factor
Failure model
Diameter of pin

Using F = 416 lbf from Ex. 5-3

32M
d 3


32M 1/3
d=
max

max =

Decision 1: Select the same material and condition of Ex. 5-3 (AISI 1035 steel, S y =
81 000).
Decision 2: Since we prefer the pin to yield, set n d a little larger than 1. Further explanation will follow.
Decision 3: Use the Distortion Energy static failure theory.
Decision 4: Initially set n d = 1
Sy
Sy
=
= 81 000 psi
nd
1


32(416)(15) 1/3
= 0.922 in
d=
(81 000)

max =

Choose preferred size of d = 1.000 in

F=

(1) 3 (81 000)

= 530 lbf
32(15)

n=

530
= 1.274
416

Set design factor to n d = 1.274

Adequacy Assessment:
Sy
81 000
=
= 63 580 psi
nd
1.274


32(416)(15) 1/3
= 1.000 in (OK )
d=
(63 580)

max =

F=

(1) 3 (81 000)

= 530 lbf
32(15)

n=

530
= 1.274 (OK)
416

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For a thin walled cylinder made of AISI 1018 steel, S y = 54 kpsi, Sut = 64 kpsi.
The state of stress is
pd
pd
p(8)
=
= 40 p, l =
= 20 p,
4t
4(0.05)
8t
These three are all principal stresses. Therefore,
t =

r = p

1
 = [(1 2 ) 2 + (2 3 ) 2 + (3 1 ) 2 ]1/2
2
1
= [(40 p 20 p) 2 + (20 p + p) 2 + ( p 40 p) 2 ]
2
= 35.51 p = 54 p = 1.52 kpsi (for yield) Ans.
.
.
For rupture, 35.51 p = 64 p = 1.80 kpsi Ans.
5-19

For hot-forged AISI steel w = 0.282 lbf/in3 , S y = 30 kpsi and = 0.292. Then = w/g =
0.282/386 lbf s2 /in; ri = 3 in; ro = 5 in; ri2 = 9; ro2 = 25; 3 + = 3.292; 1 + 3 = 1.876.
Eq. (3-55) for r = ri becomes
t =

3+
8




1 + 3
2
2
2ro + ri 1
3+

Rearranging and substituting the above values:





Sy
1.876
0.282 3.292
50 + 9 1
=
2
386
8
3.292
= 0.016 19
Setting the tangential stress equal to the yield stress,


30 000 1/2
=
= 1361 rad/s
0.016 19
or

n = 60/2 = 60(1361)/(2)
= 13 000 rev/min

Now check the stresses at r = (rori ) 1/2 , or r = [5(3)]1/2 = 3.873 in



2 3+
(ro ri ) 2
r =
8


0.2822 3.292
(5 3) 2
=
386
8
= 0.001 2032
Applying Eq. (3-55) for t




3.292
9(25) 1.876(15)
2 0.282
9 + 25 +
t =

386
8
15
3.292
= 0.012 162

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Chapter 5

Using the Distortion-Energy theory

1/2
= 0.011 612
 = t2 r t + r2

=

Solving

30 000
0.011 61

1/2

= 1607 rad/s

So the inner radius governs and n = 13 000 rev/min

5-20

Ans.

For a thin-walled pressure vessel,

di = 3.5 2(0.065) = 3.37 in
t =

p(di + t)
2t

t =

500(3.37 + 0.065)
= 13 212 psi
2(0.065)

l =

pdi
500(3.37)
=
= 6481 psi
4t
4(0.065)

r = pi = 500 psi
These are all principal stresses, thus,
1
 = {(13 212 6481) 2 + [6481 (500)]2 + (500 13 212) 2 }1/2
2
 = 11 876 psi
n=

Sy
46 000
46 000
=
=


11 876

= 3.87 Ans.
5-21

Table A-20 gives S y as 320 MPa. The maximum significant stress condition occurs at ri
where 1 = r = 0, 2 = 0, and 3 = t . From Eq. (3-49) for r = ri , pi = 0,
t =

2ro2 po
2(1502 ) po
=

= 3.6 po
1502 1002
ro2 ri2

 = 3.6 po = S y = 320
po =
5-22

320
= 88.9 MPa Ans.
3.6

Sut = 30 kpsi, w = 0.260 lbf/in3 , = 0.211, 3 + = 3.211, 1 + 3 = 1.633. At the inner

radius, from Prob. 5-19



t
3+
1 + 3 2
2
2
2ro + ri
=
r
2
8
3+ i

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Here ro2 = 25, ri2 = 9, and so

t
0.260
=
2

386

3.211
8



1.633(9)
50 + 9
= 0.0147
3.211

Since r is of the same sign, we use M2M failure criteria in the first quadrant. From Table
A-24, Sut = 31 kpsi, thus,


31 000 1/2
=
= 1452 rad/s
0.0147
rpm = 60/(2) = 60(1452)/(2)
= 13 866 rev/min
Using the grade number of 30 for Sut = 30 000 kpsi gives a bursting speed of 13640 rev/min.
5-23

TC = (360 27)(3) = 1000 lbf in , TB = (300 50)(4) = 1000 lbf in

y
127 lbf

223 lbf
A

B
8"

C
8"

6"

350 lbf
xy plane

In x y plane, M B = 223(8) = 1784 lbf in and MC = 127(6) = 762 lbf in.

387 lbf
A

8"

8"
B

6"
C

106 lbf

D
281 lbf

xz plane

In the x z plane, M B = 848 lbf in and MC = 1686 lbf in. The resultants are
M B = [(1784) 2 + (848) 2 ]1/2 = 1975 lbf in
MC = [(1686) 2 + (762) 2 ]1/2 = 1850 lbf in
So point B governs and the stresses are
16T
16(1000)
5093
=
= 3 psi
3
3
d
d
d
32M B
32(1975)
20 120
=
=
psi
x =
d 3
d 3
d3
1/2
 2
x
x
2
+ x y

A, B =
2
2

1/2

2

1 20.12
20.12
2
A, B = 3
+ (5.09)

d 2
2
x y =

Then

(10.06 11.27)
kpsi in3
d3

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Chapter 5

Then
A =

10.06 + 11.27
21.33
=
kpsi
3
d
d3

B =

10.06 11.27
1.21
= 3 kpsi
3
d
d

and

For this state of stress, use the Brittle-Coulomb-Mohr theory for illustration. Here we use
Sut (min) = 25 kpsi, Suc (min) = 97 kpsi, and Eq. (5-31b) to arrive at
21.33 1.21
1

=
3
3
25d
97d
2.8
Solving gives d = 1.34 in. So use d = 1 3/8 in

Ans.

Note that this has been solved as a statics problem. Fatigue will be considered in the next
chapter.
5-24

As in Prob. 5-23, we will assume this to be statics problem. Since the proportions are unchanged, the bearing reactions will be the same as in Prob. 5-23. Thus
M B = 223(4) = 892 lbf in
M B = 106(4) = 424 lbf in

x y plane:
x z plane:
So

Mmax = [(892) 2 + (424) 2 ]1/2 = 988 lbf in

x =

32M B
32(988)
10 060
=
=
psi
3
3
d
d
d3

Since the torsional stress is unchanged,

x z = 5.09/d 3 kpsi

1/2

 
2

10.06
10.06
1
2

A, B = 3
+ (5.09)

d
2
2
A = 12.19/d 3

and B = 2.13/d 3

Using the Brittle-Coulomb-Mohr, as was used in Prob. 5-23, gives

12.19 2.13
1

=
3
3
25d
97d
2.8
Solving gives d = 1 1/8 in.
5-25

Ans.

( FA ) t = 300 cos 20 = 281.9 lbf, ( FA )r = 300 sin 20 = 102.6 lbf

T = 281.9(12) = 3383 lbf in, ( FC ) t =
( FC )r = 676.6 tan 20 = 246.3 lbf

3383
= 676.6 lbf
5

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y
ROy = 193.7 lbf
O

ROz = 233.5 lbf

246.3 lbf

20"

16"

10"

RBy = 158.1 lbf

281.9 lbf

676.6 lbf

20"

16"

10"

RBz = 807.5 lbf

z
102.6 lbf
xz plane

xy plane


M A = 20 193.72 + 233.52 = 6068 lbf in

M B = 10 246.32 + 676.62 = 7200 lbf in (maximum)
x =

32(7200)
73 340
=
3
d
d3

16(3383)
17 230
=
d 3
d3


1/2
Sy
 = x2 + 3x2y
=
n

2
 1/2

73 340
17 230 2
79 180
60 000
+3
=
=
3
3
3
d
d
d
3.5

x y =

d = 1.665 in
5-26

so use a standard diameter size of 1.75 in

Ans.

From Prob. 5-25,


max =


73 340
2d 3

2

x
2

1/2

2

17 230
+
d3

+ x2y

2 1/2
=

Sy
2n

40 516
60 000
=
d3
2(3.5)

d = 1.678 in so use 1.75 in Ans.

5-27

T = (270 50)(0.150) = 33 N m , S y = 370 MPa

(T1 0.15T1 )(0.125) = 33

T1 = 310.6 N,

T2 = 0.15(310.6) = 46.6 N

(T1 + T2 ) cos 45 = 252.6 N

107.0 N

y
163.4 N
O

300

252.6 N
A

89.2 N

400

150

B
xy plane

300

252.6 N
400

320 N
xz plane

150

174.4 N

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Chapter 5


M A = 0.3 163.42 + 1072 = 58.59 N m

M B = 0.15 89.22 + 174.42 = 29.38 N m

(maximum)

32(58.59)
596.8
=
3
d
d3
16(33)
168.1
x y =
=
3
d
d3


 1/2


2

596.8 2
168.1 2
664.0
370(106 )

2 1/2
= x + 3x y
=
+3
=
=
d3
d3
d3
3.0
x =

d = 17.5(103 ) m = 17.5 mm,

5-28

so use 18 mm Ans.

From Prob. 5-27,


max =


596.8
2d 3

2

168.1
+
d3

d = 17.7(103 ) m = 17.7 mm,

5-29

x
2

1/2

2
+ x2y
2 1/2

Sy
2n

342.5
370(106 )
=
d3
2(3.0)

so use 18 mm Ans.

For the loading scheme shown in Figure (c),



4.4
F a b
=
Mmax =
+
(6 + 4.5)
2 2 4
2

= 23.1 N m
y

For a stress element at A:

32M
32(23.1)(103 )
x =
=
= 136.2 MPa
d 3
(12) 3
The shear at C is
4( F/2)
4(4.4/2)(103 )
=
= 25.94 MPa
3d 2 /4
3(12) 2 /4

 1/2
136.2 2
=
= 68.1 MPa
2

x y =
max

Since S y = 220 MPa, Ssy = 220/2 = 110 MPa, and

n=

Ssy
110
=
= 1.62 Ans.
max
68.1

C
A

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For the loading scheme depicted in Figure (d)



   2


F 1
b
F a+b
F a b

=
+
Mmax =
2
2
2 2
2
2 2 4
This result is the same as that obtained for Figure (c). At point B, we also have a surface
compression of
F
F
4.4(103 )
y =
=

= 20.4 MPa
A
bd
18(12)
With x = 136.2 MPa. From a Mohrs circle diagram, max = 136.2/2 = 68.1 MPa.
n=
5-30

110
= 1.62 MPa
68.1

Ans.

Based on Figure (c) and using Eq. (5-15)

1/2
 = x2
= (136.22 ) 1/2 = 136.2 MPa
n=

Sy
220
=
= 1.62 Ans.


136.2

Based on Figure (d) and using Eq. (5-15) and the solution of Prob. 5-29,


1/2
 = x2 x y + y2
= [(136.2) 2 (136.2)(20.4) + (20.4) 2 ]1/2
= 127.2 MPa
n=

Sy
220
=
= 1.73 Ans.


127.2

5-31
w
dF

When the ring is set, the hoop tension in the ring is

equal to the screw tension.


ri2 pi
ro2
1+ 2
t = 2
r
ro ri2

We have the hoop tension at any radius. The differential hoop tension d F is
d F = wt dr

 ro 
 ro
wri2 pi
ro2
1 + 2 dr = wri pi
wt dr = 2
F=
r
ro ri2 ri
ri

(1)

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Chapter 5

The screw equation is

Fi =

T
0.2d

(2)

From Eqs. (1) and (2)

F
T
=
wri
0.2dwri
d Fx = f pi ri d
 2
Fx =
f pi wri d =

pi ri d

pi =

dFx

2 f T
0.2d

f Tw
ri
0.2dwri

d
o

Ans.

5-32
T = 0.2Fi d
T
190
Fi =
=
= 3800 lbf
0.2d
0.2(0.25)

(a) From Prob. 5-31,

F = wri pi

(b) From Prob. 5-31,

pi =

(c)

Ans.

F
Fi
3800
=
=
= 15 200 psi
wri
wri
0.5(0.5)

Ans.




pi ri2 + ro2
ri2 pi
ro2
1+
t = 2
=
r r=ri
ro ri2
ro2 ri2
15 200(0.52 + 12 )
= 25 333 psi Ans.
12 0.52
r = pi = 15 200 psi
1 3
t r
max =
=
2
2
25 333 (15 200)
= 20 267 psi Ans.
=
2


1/2
 = A2 + B2 A B
=

(d)

= [25 3332 + (15 200) 2 25 333(15 200)]1/2

= 35 466 psi Ans.
(e) Maximum Shear hypothesis
n=

0.5S y
Ssy
0.5(63)
=
=
= 1.55 Ans.
max
max
20.267

Distortion Energy theory

n=

Sy
63
=
= 1.78 Ans.

35 466

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5-33
1"R

The moment about the center caused by force F

is Fre where re is the effective radius. This is
balanced by the moment about the center
caused by the tangential (hoop) stress.
 ro
rt w dr
Fre =

re

1"
R
2

ri



ro2
dr
r+
r
ri


wpi ri2
ro2 ri2
r
o

re =
2
+ ro2 ln
2
ri
F ro ri2
wpi r 2
= 2 i2
r o ri

ro

From Prob. 5-31, F = wri pi . Therefore,



ro2 ri2
ri
r
o
re = 2
+ ro2 ln
2
2
ri
r o ri
For the conditions of Prob. 5-31, ri = 0.5 and ro = 1 in

 2
1 0.52
0.5
1
2
= 0.712 in
re = 2
+ 1 ln
1 0.52
2
0.5
5-34

nom = 0.0005 in
(a) From Eq. (3-57)


30(106 )(0.0005) (1.52 12 )(12 0.52 )
= 3516 psi Ans.
p=
(13 )
2(1.52 0.52 )
Inner member:
Eq. (3-58)

Eq. (5-13)


 2
R 2 + ri2
1 + 0.52
(t ) i = p 2
= 5860 psi
= 3516 2
1 0.52
R ri2

(r ) i = p = 3516 psi


1/2
i = A2 A B + B2
= [(5860) 2 (5860)(3516) + (3516) 2 ]1/2
= 5110 psi Ans.

Outer member:
Eq. (3-59)

1.52 + 12
(t ) o = 3516
1.52 12


= 9142 psi

(r ) o = p = 3516 psi
Eq. (5-13)

o = [91422 9142(3516) + (3516) 2 ]1/2

= 11 320 psi Ans.

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Chapter 5

139

(b) For a solid inner tube,



30(106 )(0.0005) (1.52 12 )(12 )
= 4167 psi Ans.
p=
1
2(12 )(1.52 )

(t ) i = p = 4167 psi,

(r ) i = 4167 psi

i = [(4167) 2 (4167)(4167) + (4167) 2 ]1/2 = 4167 psi Ans.


 2
1.5 + 12
= 10 830 psi, (r ) o = 4167 psi
(t ) o = 4167
1.52 12
o = [10 8302 10 830(4167) + (4167) 2 ]1/2 = 13 410 psi Ans.
5-35

Using Eq. (3-57) with diametral values,



207(103 )(0.02) (752 502 )(502 252 )
= 19.41 MPa Ans.
p=
(503 )
2(752 252 )

 2
50 + 252
(t ) i = 19.41
= 32.35 MPa
Eq. (3-58)
502 252
(r ) i = 19.41 MPa
Eq. (5-13)

Eq. (3-59)

i = [(32.35) 2 (32.35)(19.41) + (19.41) 2 ]1/2

= 28.20 MPa Ans.

 2
75 + 502
(t ) o = 19.41
= 50.47 MPa,
752 502
(r ) o = 19.41 MPa
o = [50.472 50.47(19.41) + (19.41) 2 ]1/2 = 62.48 MPa Ans.

5-36

Max. shrink-fit conditions: Diametral interference d = 50.01 49.97 = 0.04 mm. Equation (3-57) using diametral values:


207(103 )0.04 (752 502 )(502 252 )
= 38.81 MPa
p=
Ans.
503
2(752 252 )

 2
50 + 252
(t ) i = 38.81
= 64.68 MPa
Eq. (3-58):
502 252
(r ) i = 38.81 MPa
Eq. (5-13):

1/2
i = (64.68) 2 (64.68)(38.81) + (38.81) 2
= 56.39 MPa

Ans.

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5-37
=

1.9998 1.999

= 0.0004 in
2
2

Eq. (3-56)

 2
 2


2 + 12
1 +0
p(1)
p(1)
+ 0.211 +
0.292
0.0004 =
14.5(106 ) 22 12
30(106 ) 12 0
p = 2613 psi

Applying Eq. (4-58) at R,


22 + 12
= 4355 psi
(t ) o = 2613 2
2 12
(r ) o = 2613 psi, Sut = 20 kpsi, Suc = 83 kpsi
 
 o  2613
 =
  4355 < 1, use Eq. (5-32a)
A


h = Sut / A = 20/4.355 = 4.59 Ans.

5-38

E = 30(106 ) psi, = 0.292, I = (/64)(24 1.54 ) = 0.5369 in4

Eq. (3-57) can be written in terms of diameters,






 2
Ed do2 D 2 D 2 di2
30(106 )
(2 1.752 )(1.752 1.52 )



p=
=
(0.002 46)
D
1.75
2(1.752 )(22 1.52 )
2D 2 do2 di2
= 2997 psi = 2.997 kpsi
Outer member:
Outer radius:
Inner radius:

1.752 (2.997)
(2) = 19.58 kpsi, (r ) o = 0
22 1.752


22
1.752 (2.997)
1+
= 22.58 kpsi, (r ) i = 2.997 kpsi
(t ) i = 2
2 1.752
1.752

(t ) o =

Bending:
ro :

(x ) o =

6.000(2/2)
= 11.18 kpsi
0.5369

ri :

(x ) i =

6.000(1.75/2)
= 9.78 kpsi
0.5369

Torsion:

J = 2I = 1.0738 in4

ro :

(x y ) o =

8.000(2/2)
= 7.45 kpsi
1.0738

ri :

(x y ) i =

8.000(1.75/2)
= 6.52 kpsi
1.0738

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Chapter 5

Outer radius is plane stress

x = 11.18 kpsi,

y = 19.58 kpsi,

x y = 7.45 kpsi

 = [11.182 (11.18)(19.58) + 19.582 + 3(7.452 )]1/2 =

Eq. (5-15)

21.35 =

60
no

Inner radius, 3D state of stress

Sy
60
=
no
no

n o = 2.81 Ans.
z
2.997 kpsi
9.78 kpsi

22.58 kpsi
x

6.52 kpsi

From Eq. (5-14) with yz = zx = 0

1
60
 = [(9.78 22.58) 2 + (22.58 + 2.997) 2 + (2.997 9.78) 2 + 6(6.52) 2 ]1/2 =
ni
2
60
24.86 =
n i = 2.41 Ans.
ni
5-39

From Prob. 5-38: p = 2.997 kpsi, I = 0.5369 in4 , J = 1.0738 in4

Inner member:
Outer radius:


(0.8752 + 0.752 )
= 19.60 kpsi
(t ) o = 2.997
(0.8752 0.752 )


(r ) o = 2.997 kpsi
Inner radius:

(t ) i =

2(2.997)(0.8752 )
= 22.59 kpsi
0.8752 0.752

(r ) i = 0
Bending:
ro :

(x ) o =

6(0.875)
= 9.78 kpsi
0.5369

ri :

(x ) i =

6(0.75)
= 8.38 kpsi
0.5369

ro :

(x y ) o =

8(0.875)
= 6.52 kpsi
1.0738

ri :

(x y ) i =

8(0.75)
= 5.59 kpsi
1.0738

Torsion:

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The inner radius is in plane stress: x = 8.38 kpsi, y = 22.59 kpsi, x y = 5.59 kpsi
i = [8.382 (8.38)(22.59) + (22.59) 2 + 3(5.592 )]1/2 = 29.4 kpsi
ni =

Sy
60
=
= 2.04 Ans.

i
29.4

Outer radius experiences a radial stress, r

1/2
1
o = (19.60 + 2.997) 2 + (2.997 9.78) 2 + (9.78 + 19.60) 2 + 6(6.52) 2
2
= 27.9 kpsi
60
no =
= 2.15 Ans.
27.9
5-40


 

KI
KI

3 2
2

cos
sin cos sin
p =

2
2
2
2
2
2r
2r
 1/2


KI

3 2
sin cos cos
+
2
2
2
2r

1/2 


3
KI
cos sin2 cos2 sin2
=
+ sin2 cos2 cos2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2r




KI

KI

=
1 sin
cos cos sin
cos
=
2
2
2
2
2
2r
2r
Plane stress: The third principal stress is zero and





KI
KI
1 =
1 + sin
, 2 =
1 sin
,
cos
cos
2
2
2
2
2r
2r

3 = 0 Ans.

Plane strain: 1 and 2 equations still valid however,

KI
cos
3 = (x + y ) = 2
2
2r
5-41

Ans.

For = 0 and plane strain, the principal stress equations of Prob. 5-40 give
KI
,
1 = 2 =
2r

KI
3 = 2
= 21
2r

1
[(1 1 ) 2 + (1 21 ) 2 + (21 1 ) 2 ]1/2 = S y
2
1 21 = S y

 
1
1
1 = S y 1 = 3S y Ans.
12
For = ,
3
3

(a) DE:

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143

Chapter 5

1 3 = S y

(b) MSS:

1 21 = S y

1 = 3S y

Ans.

2
3 = 1
3

2
3 1

5-42

1
3

1, 2

Radius of largest circle



1
1
2
1 1 =
R=
2
3
6

(a) Ignoring stress concentration

F = S y A = 160(4)(0.5) = 320 kips Ans.
(b) From Fig. 6-36: h/b = 1, a/b = 0.625/4 = 0.1563, = 1.3
70 = 1.3

Eq. (6-51)

F 
(0.625)
4(0.5)

F = 76.9 kips Ans.

5-43

Given: a = 12.5 mm, K I c = 80 MPa

ro =
a/(ro ri ) =
ri /ro =
Fig. 5-30:
Eq. (5-37):

m, S y = 1200 MPa, Sut = 1350 MPa

350
= 175 mm,
2

ri =

350 50
= 150 mm
2

12.5
= 0.5
175 150
150
= 0.857
175

.
= 2.5

K I c = a

80 = 2.5 (0.0125)
= 161.5 MPa

Eq. (3-50) at r = ro :
t =
161.5 =

ri2 pi
(2)
ro2 ri2
1502 pi (2)
1752 1502

pi = 29.2 MPa Ans.

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5-44
(a) First convert the data to radial dimensions to agree with the formulations of Fig. 3-33.
Thus
ro = 0.5625 0.001in
ri = 0.1875 0.001 in
Ro = 0.375 0.0002 in
Ri = 0.376 0.0002 in
The stochastic nature of the dimensions affects the = |Ri | |Ro | relation in
Eq. (3-57) but not the others. Set R = (1/2)( Ri + Ro ) = 0.3755. From Eq. (3-57)





E ro2 R 2 R 2 ri2



p=
R
2R 2 ro2 ri2
Substituting and solving with E = 30 Mpsi gives
p = 18.70(106 )

Since = Ri Ro

= R i R o = 0.376 0.375 = 0.001 in

and


=

0.0002
4

2

0.0002
+
4

2 1/2

= 0.000 070 7 in
Then
C =

0.000 070 7

=
= 0.0707
0.001

The tangential inner-cylinder stress at the shrink-fit surface is given by

it = p

R 2 + ri2
R 2 r 2
i

0.37552 + 0.18752
= 18.70(10 )
0.37552 0.18752
6

= 31.1(106 )
it = 31.1(106 ) = 31.1(106 )(0.001)
= 31.1(103 ) psi
Also
it = |C it | = 0.0707(31.1)103
= 2899 psi
it = N(31 100, 2899) psi Ans.

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Chapter 5

145

(b) The tangential stress for the outer cylinder at the shrink-fit surface is given by

 2
ro + R 2
ot = p 2
ro R 2


0.56252 + 0.37552
6
= 18.70(10 )
0.56252 0.37552
= 48.76(106 ) psi
ot = 48.76(106 )(0.001) = 48.76(103 ) psi
ot = C ot = 0.0707(48.76)(103 ) = 34.45 psi

ot = N(48 760, 3445) psi Ans.
5-45

From Prob. 5-44, at the fit surface ot = N(48.8, 3.45) kpsi. The radial stress is the fit
pressure which was found to be
p = 18.70(106 )
p = 18.70(106 )(0.001) = 18.7(103 ) psi
p = C p = 0.0707(18.70)(103 )
= 1322 psi
and so
p = N(18.7, 1.32) kpsi
and
or = N(18.7, 1.32) kpsi
These represent the principal stresses. The von Mises stress is next assessed.
A = 48.8 kpsi,

B = 18.7 kpsi

k = B / A = 18.7/48.8 = 0.383
 = A (1 k + k 2 ) 1/2
= 48.8[1 (0.383) + (0.383) 2 ]1/2
= 60.4 kpsi
 = C p  = 0.0707(60.4) = 4.27 kpsi
Using the interference equation
S 
z =

1/2
S2 + 2
=

95.5 60.4
= 4.5
[(6.59) 2 + (4.27) 2 ]1/2

p f = = 0.000 003 40,

or about 3 chances in a million.

Ans.

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5-46
t =

pd
6000N(1, 0.083 33)(0.75)
=
2t
2(0.125)

= 18N(1, 0.083 33) kpsi

l =

pd
6000N(1, 0.083 33)(0.75)
=
4t
4(0.125)

= 9N(1, 0.083 33) kpsi

r = p = 6000N(1, 0.083 33) kpsi
These three stresses are principal stresses whose variability is due to the loading. From
Eq. (5-12), we find the von Mises stress to be
1/2

(18 9) 2 + [9 (6)]2 + (6 18) 2

=
2
= 21.0 kpsi
 = C p  = 0.083 33(21.0) = 1.75 kpsi
S 
z =

1/2
S2 + 2
=

50 21.0
= 6.5
(4.12 + 1.752 ) 1/2

The reliability is very high

.
R = 1 (6.5) = 1 4.02(1011 ) = 1 Ans.