Fourier Analysis

What we need to figure out is: how is a diffraction pattern related to the structure Scattering is from many, many planes of atoms (for xrays, 103 -105 planes) .We need to think of a smart way to look at how the phase of the reflected rays change from one row to the next, for many planes of atoms .For Bragg scattering, the phase has to be out of step by an integral of 2, or an integral number of wavelengths. .Fourier analysis tells us how to deal with periodic functions .This will aid us in looking at the phases of these different light rays, and give us a way of handling a periodic lattice
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Fourier Analysis
Fourier analysis, named after Joseph Fourier's introduction of the Fourier series, is the decomposition of a function in terms of sinusoidal functions (called basis functions) of different frequencies that can be recombined to obtain the original function. The recombination process is called Fourier synthesis (in which case, Fourier analysis refers specifically to the decomposition process).

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A 1D example of a periodic function Consider a function n(x) with period a, in the direction x, in one dimension We can approximate any periodic function as a sum of sines and cosines. Eg. For this example,

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For more complicated functions, you will need different combinations of sines and cosines.

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So, in general:

The more sines and cosines you have, the better the approximation will be.
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1D periodic lattice

PHY 3201 FIZIK KEADAAN PEPEJAL

PHY 3201 FIZIK KEADAAN PEPEJAL

PHY 3201 FIZIK KEADAAN PEPEJAL

PHY 3201 FIZIK KEADAAN PEPEJAL

PHY 3201 FIZIK KEADAAN PEPEJAL

PHY 3201 FIZIK KEADAAN PEPEJAL

PHY 3201 FIZIK KEADAAN PEPEJAL