solid, liquid and gas

Substances can change from one state to another. Kinetic theory can explain the change of state by considering all matter (substances) to be made of particles.

solid, particles are closely packed in a regular arrangement. The particles vibrate about a fixed position.

liquid, particles are closely packed in a random arrangement. The particles can move through the liquid but they cling together.

gas, The particles are far apart. There motion is random and independent of the other particles.

Gas Atoms or molecules Particles have high energy and are constantly moving Large spaces because of high energy Weak forces because of the large distance between particles In general a gas becomes a liquid when it is cooled. (In a few cases a gas becomes a solid when cooled). Particles have less energy and therefore move closer together so that the attractive forces become

Liquid Atoms or molecules Particles have less energy than in the gas phase Smaller spaces than in gases, but larger spaces than in solids Stronger forces than in gas. Liquids can be poured.

Solid Atoms or molecules Low energy - particles vibrate around a fixed point Very little space between particles. Particles are tightly packed together Very strong forces. Solids have a fixed volume.

Property of matter Particles Energy and movement of particles Spaces between particles Attractive forces between particles

A liquid becomes a gas if its temperature is increased. It becomes a solid if its temperature decreases.

Solids become liquids if their temperature is increased. In some cases a solid may Changes in phase become a gas if the temperature is increased.

stronger, and the gas becomes a liquid (or a solid.)